Asian Collaboration Across Cancer Registries
text
article
2005
eng
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
235
236
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24351_3eabbf006d36afe25bf5a54df2c87cfe.pdf
3rd Asia High-Technology Network Meeting. Cancer Statistics Net (Cancer Database in Asia)
text
article
2005
eng
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
237
237
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24352_0b161c394f1271fbfeed87f4c0dde8bb.pdf
Genomic Epidemiology Cohorts in Korea: Present and the Future
text
article
2005
eng
Human genome epidemiology involves the application of genetic technology to assess the impact of variations at the DNA level on health and disease. Recent developments in molecular biology allow epidemiologists to use biomarkers to determine an individual’s predisposition to disease and to detect disease at an early stage. Moreover, advances in genomics and proteomics could play a central role in research into disease prediction and prevention. Large scale population-based cohort prospective studies offer the most comprehensive approach to the delineation of gene function, the effects of the environment, and their interactions. The Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort (KMCC), under construction since 1993, is the first multi-center prospective cohort to identify risk factors for cancer in Korea. Data on general lifestyle, physical activity, diet, reproductive factors, and agricultural exposure are obtained through direct interview using a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and clinical laboratory findings are also collected using a web-based data entry system. Moreover, biological materials have been banked [blood (serum, plasma, buffy coat, packed erythrocytes) is stored at -70°C and urine at -20°C] for future analysis. Several other cohorts including the Korean National Cancer Center (KNCC) Cohort, the Korean Health Examinees (KOEX) Cohort, the Korean Health and Genome Epidemiologic Study (KHGES), and the Yang Pyeong Cohort have also been launched since the KMCC cohort was initiated. Even though these cohorts have collected similar data and biospecimen, questionnaires and protocols used have not been standardized. However, these cohort studies are of increased scope and have been designed to detect risk factors for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Subjects have been followed up actively by health personnel in different regions and by using record linkages with the central cancer registry, and the national death certificate and national health insurance claim databases. As of August 2004, the total number of subjects enrolled in all cohorts with archived biologic specimens was around 80,000. A new genomic cohort has been launched since 2001 in Korea, for which the target number of subjects is 250,000 men and women over the next 5 years. This article describes the goals and the designs of each of the abovementioned cohorts.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
238
243
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24353_6ac82aba85cf62ca92379832fc4829a3.pdf
Liver Cancer and its Prevention
text
article
2005
eng
Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in Asia and Africa. The epidemiology of liver cancer is distinctive in Japan, where chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) rather than hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays the major role in the etiology. In this paper, together with a brief review of the descriptive epidemiology of liver cancer and its prevention, Japanese experiences of liver cancer occurrence and some epidemiological studies are described, and Japanese national projects directed against hepatitis and liver cancer are presented. Distinctive time-trends have been observed for liver cancer incidence in Japan. The rates for over 55-59 year olds (both sexes) showed a peak in the birth cohort of 1931-1935, while the rates for less than 50-54 year old females indicate a decreasing trend. The extremely high incidences among birth cohorts around 1931-1935 seems to be related to endemic HCV infection in this generation in Japan. Follow-up studies not only of patients with chronic hepatitis C but also of apparently healthy carriers of HCV showed an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cumulative risk of HCC (40-74 years of age) was estimated as reaching 21.6% (males) and 8.7% (females) among anti-HCV positive voluntary blood donors. Retrospective cohort studies indicated interferon (IFN), with or without ribavirin, to be effective for reducing the risk of HCC among patients with chronic hepatitis C. Periodic examination with ultrasonography and measurement of alpha-fetoprotein has become common practice for early detection of HCCs among patients with chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis in Japan. A non-randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effect of periodic examination on mortality, but we failed to show any beneficial effects of screening for liver cancer. In the fiscal year 2002, Japanese National Projects directed against hepatitis and HCC were started, in which blood tests for HCV and HBsAg are offered just once at the age of 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 or 70 for five years. Participants are categorized as either HCV carriers or non-carriers. HCV carriers are further examined by liver disease specialists, seeking indications for IFN therapy. Type C chronic hepatitis patients are recommended to receive IFN therapy with or without ribavirin. This project is expected to become a model of liver cancer control in HCV-endemic countries. Recently however, the US Preventive Service Task Force has recommended against routine screening for HCV infection in asymptomatic adults in the general population who are not at increased risk of infection. This divergence of views is also discussed.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
244
250
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24354_8c7c4c415eb39d518f4f5b7134ef755c.pdf
GSTT1 and GSTM1 Deletions, NQO1 C609T Polymorphism and Risk of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in Japanese
text
article
2005
eng
We conducted a prevalent case-control study with 51 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cases and 476 controls to investigate the associations between glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1), glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) deletions, and the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T polymorphism with risk of chronic myelocytic leukemia in Japanese. For the GSTT1 deletion, when the GSTT1 positive genotype was defined as the reference, the OR for the GSTT1 deletion genotype was 1.32 (95%CI; 0.74-2.36). For the GSTM1 deletion, when the GSTM1 positive genotype was defined as the reference, the OR for the GSTM1 deletion genotype was 0.95 (95%CI; 0.53- 1.69). For NQO1 C609T polymorphism, when the NQO1 609CC genotype was defined as the reference, the ORs for the CT genotype, TT genotype, and CT and TT genotypes combined together were 2.37 (95%CI, 1.21-4.67, P=0.012), 1.44 (0.55-3.74, P=0.012) and 2.12 (1.10-4.08, P=0.025), respectively. The present study revealed that the risk of CML was modulated little by GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletions, but a statistically significant association between NQO1 C609T polymorphism and CML was observed for Japanese. Incidence case-control studies with a larger statistical power are now required to confirm our findings.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
251
255
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24355_855e2dd099d5761a0e328f5c08b2843d.pdf
Esophageal Cancer Risk by ALDH2 and ADH2 polymorphisms and Alcohol Consumption: Exploration of Gene-Environment and Gene-Gene Interactions
text
article
2005
eng
Alcohol drinking is a major risk factor for esophageal cancer in Japan and its impact may be modulated by levels of ALDH2, ADH2 and CYP2E1, three representative alcohol-metabolizing enzymes which display genetic polymorphisms altering individual alcohol-oxidizing capacity and drinking behavior. To assess the actual influence of ADH2 Arg47His, ALDH2 Glu487Lys and CYP2E1 variant c2 allele polymorphisms on esophageal cancer risk with conjunction with alcoholic consumption, the present 1:3 matched case-control study was conducted. The 165 histologically diagnosed Japanese esophageal cancer cases were here compared with 495 randomly selected controls, matched with respect to sex and age. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculated Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Significant gene-environment interactions between alcohol drinking and both ADH2 and ALDH2 were observed regarding esophageal cancer risk. The ADH2 Arg47His polymorphism showed moderately increased risk (OR for Arg/His and Arg/Arg relative to His/His: 2.01 (1.39-2.90)). In the ALDH2 case, comparing the Glu/Lys with the Glu/Glu genotype, ORs were markedly increased to 9.64 (3.23-28.8) and 95.4 (28.7- 317) from 1.88 (0.42-8.37) and 4.62 (0.93-23.1) for moderate drinking and heavy drinking, respectively. No significant alteration in risk was observed with the CYP2E1 polymorphism. In conclusion, the present study revealed a significant gene-environment interaction between alcohol drinking and the ALDH2 polymorphism regarding esophageal cancer risk among a general population in Japan, providing concrete evidence of a role for acetaldehyde in neoplastic development. Interactions between ALDH2 and ADH2 need further clarification.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
256
262
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24356_7e97f02b2388cb63f177282c4c3effb7.pdf
Quinone Reductase Inducers in Azadirachta indica A. Juss Flowers, and their Mechanisms of Action
text
article
2005
eng
We have previously shown that the flowers of neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss, family Meliaceae), Thai variety, strongly induced the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) while resulting in a significant reduction in the activities of some cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases in rat liver, and possess cancer chemopreventive potential against chemically-induced mammary gland and liver carcinogenesis in rats. In the present study, 2 chemicals possessing strong QR inducing activity were fractionated from neem flowers using a bioassay based on the induction of QR activity in mouse hepatoma Hepa 1c1c7 cultured cells. Spectroscopic characteristics revealed that these compounds were nimbolide and chlorophylls, having CD (concentration required to double QR specific activity) values of 0.16 and 3.8 ìg/ml, respectively. Nimbolide is a known constituent of neem leaves, but was found for the first time here in the flowers. Both nimbolide and chlorophylls strongly enhanced the level of QR mRNA in Hepa 1c1c7 cells, as monitored by northern blot hybridization, indicating that the mechanism by which these constituents of neem flowers induced QR activity is the induction of QR gene expression. These findings may have implication on cancer chemopreventive potential of neem flowers in experimental rats previously reported.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
263
269
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24357_9b49f926074489c7f8b135ec7ff76d1a.pdf
Glutathione S-transferase M1 Gene Polymorphism in Thai Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
text
article
2005
eng
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a serious health problem in Thailand. It is caused by the combined effects of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), carcinogens and genetic susceptibility. The glutathione S-transferase M1 gene (GSTM1) encodes a phase II enzyme responsible for detoxifying carcinogenic electrophiles. Polymorphic null forms of the gene GSTM1 lack enzyme activity and have been associated with susceptibility to several cancers including NPC. To examine the association between GSTM1 polymorphism and NPC susceptibility in Thais, GSTM1 genotypes (normal and null genotypes) in 78 NPC patients and 145 age-matched healthy controls were determined using PCR assays. Overall, no statistically significant differences were observed in the frequency of GSTM1 genotypes between cases and controls, nor among NPC patients compared on the basis of sex and clinical stage of disease. Carriers with the GSTM1 null genotype had a 2.9-fold increased risk for NPC of WHO type III when compared to those with GSTM1 normal genotype (P < 0.05 with OR =2.9, 95% CI = 1.2-6.8). When cases and controls were categorized into 3 age groups (>40, >45 and >50 years), the frequencies of GSTM1 null genotype in cases the >45 and >50 age groups were significantly different from controls (P < 0.05). In addition, carriers of the GSTM1 null genotype in age groups >45 and >50 years had a 2-fold and 3-fold increased risk for NPC when compared to those with GSTM1 normal genotype (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1-4.7 and OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.2-7.5). We suggest that GSTM1 polymorphism may be associated with NPC susceptibility in Thais, especially for GSTM1 null genotype carriers of age higher than 45 years. The GSTM1 null genotype may be a useful genetic marker for predicting Thai NPC and for screening of early stages of Thai NPC.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
270
275
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24358_a0eb4524f9902e9cfe7277a2a2c2be4a.pdf
Cancer Incidence in Thailand, 1995-1997
text
article
2005
eng
There are five population-based cancer registries in Thailand in different regions of the country. Four of them (Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, Bangkok, and Songkhla) have been operating since 1988 and the other (Lampang) since the early 1990’s. These registries have published regular 3-year cancer incidence reports since the first in 1993 for the period 1989-1991. The objective of this article is to summarize the figures of cancer incidence in Thailand during 1995-1997. The population of Thailand in 1996, at the middle of the period, was 27 million males and 27.5 million females. Information of cancer cases residing in the five provinces was collected and abstracted from different sources. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of cancer in males and females was calculated for each registry and that for the whole country was estimated using the five registries as representatives for the four geographical regions of Thailand. The estimated number of new cancer cases in 1996 for the whole country was 35,539 men and 38,476 women and the ASRs were 149.2 and 125.0 per 105 population in men and women respectively. Cancer incidences greatly differed from region to region. Lung cancer was the commonest in Chiang Mai and Lampang in the Northern region in both sexes. The incidence of liver cancer in Khon Kaen in the Northeastern region outnumbered all the others in both sexes; cholangiocarcinoma was the major type of liver cancer. In Bangkok, lung cancer was the most important cancer in males and breast cancer was in females. Though it was lung and cervix uteri cancer that ranked the first in men and women in Songkhla, the rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer was exceptionally higher than in other registries. The geographical variability in cancer patterns in Thailand reflects exposure of the population to different risk factors unique to the different regions. In the study as a whole, there are some methodological weak points in estimating the ASRs and number of cancer cases for the whole country, but the results are the most reliable cancer statistics from Thailand at the moment. In conclusion, both a country-wide and region-specific cancer control programmes are needed for Thailand. The national one would be for the cancers common to all regions, and the provincial-level emphasis should be on cancers which are the major problems in the area.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
276
281
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24359_8eff2fb32af0f512f8bb50a289406349.pdf
Curcumin-induced Apoptosis in HL-60 Human Leukemic Cells
text
article
2005
eng
Curcumin is the main biologically active phytochemical compound in turmeric. It has been shown to have anticarcinogenic activity. The aims of the study were to identify the mechanism of apoptosis of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemic cells induced by curcumin and to determine the effects of water-soluble antioxidants, ascorbic acid, Trolox (a water-soluble form of vitamin E), glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on this process. HL-60 cells were incubated with curcumin for 24 h and apoptotic cells were quantitated by flow cytometry following staining with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. Curcumin-treated HL-60 cells produced reactive oxygen species as detected by the dichlorofluorescein fluorescent assay. Apoptosis occurred via the mitochondria pathway as curcumin reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose-dependent manner. In the presence of 10 iM curcumin, vitamin C (56 nM – 5.6 iM) inhibited apoptosis of HL-60 cells; GSH at low concentration (1 iM) reduced apoptosis but had no effect at higher concentrations (10, 100 iM); and Trolox and NAC at 10 and 100 iM, respectively, enhanced apoptosis, but this effect was abolished at higher concentration (1 mM) of NAC. MAPKK/MEK inhibitor PD98059, enhanced curcumin-induced HL-60 apoptotic cell death.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
282
285
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24360_c27a1fc6ecf9a7be02aa0d21adba20b2.pdf
Situation Analysis for Management of Abnormal Pap Smears in the Lower Southern Thailand
text
article
2005
eng
Objective: To identify the resources for management of abnormal Pap smears and the treatment facilities in preinvasive cervical neoplasia in the lower southern Thailand. Methods: After reviewing the necessary data, an expert meeting was scheduled for questionnaire development. The questionnaires were then sent to the general, regional, and university hospitals in the lower southern Thailand for self-evaluation and on-site visits were made for intensive interviews, exploring the services and treatment facilities for women with abnormal Pap smears. Results: All of the 12 target hospitals provided passive cervical cancer screening although the quality of cytological services was obscure and the process of patient notification for the results of the abnormal Pap smears was not convincing. There was a limitation in the pathological laboratory services. The incidence of the abnormal Pap smears in the one-year period of the study, defined as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or above and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or above were 1.24%(95%CI 1.15-1.32) and 0.36%(95% CI 0.30-0.43) respectively. All but one hospital reported having a colposcope, but only one could provide standard colposcopy services. The efficiency of the referral system is questionable. Conclusion: The resources for the management of abnormal Pap smears as well as the conventional referral system need to be reorganized. The data from this survey support the concept of a centralized colposcopy service with the University hospital as suitable place for the referral center. Two further 2 hospitals have potential for future development as referral centers.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
286
294
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24361_c520dde97f64c70c6d0966608fa6f6cf.pdf
A Prospective Study of Diet, Lifestyle, and Genetic Factors and the Risk of Cancer in Khon Kaen Province, Northeast Thailand: Description of the Cohort
text
article
2005
eng
Cohort studies are the preferred design in observational epidemiology, but few involving the general population have been performed in Asia, and most concern affluent urban populations.The Khon Kaen study has recruited about 25,000 subjects, aged mainly 35-64, from villages in the relatively underdeveloped north-east of Thailand. All subjects underwent simple physical examination, completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire (including sections on lifestyle, habits, and diet) and donated specimens of blood, which were processed and stored in a biological bank at -20oC. Female subjects (about 16,500) were offered screening by Pap smear, and specimens of cells from the cervix were stored at -20oC. This paper describes the methodology of the study, and the characteristics of the participants. Almost all subjects are peasant farmers, with low annual income and body mass, although 14.6% of women had a BMI in the obese range (>30 kg/m2). Smoking was common among men (78% regular smokers, most of whom used home-produced cigarettes), but rare among women. Fertility levels were relatively high, with a more than half the women having four or more live births. 23.4% of subjects were infected with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini, known to be highly endemic in this region. Follow-up of the cohort is by record-linkage to the provincial cancer registry. By 2003, 762 cancer cases had occurred, the most common being cancers of the liver (363 cases) and cervix uteri (44 cases). The antecedents of these cancers are being investigated using a nested case-control approach. The cohort will yield increasing numbers of cancers for study in the next decade, giving important information on the relative importance of dietary and lifestyle factors in a rural population, undergoing gradual transition to a more westernised lifestyle.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
295
303
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24362_3d48498b84dab9ef7d80b2b79984ffe0.pdf
Anticarcinogenic Effects of an Aqueous Infusion of Cloves on Skin Carcinogenesis
text
article
2005
eng
Spices and flavouring agents are now receiving incresaing attention as many of them have been shown to have anticarcinogenic properties. Cloves, sundried unopened flower buds from the plant Syzygium aromaticum L, are commonly used as a spice and food flavour. The present study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive action of aqueous infusion of cloves on 9,10-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and croton oil induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss mice. The results indicate protection against skin papilloma formation in a dose dependent manner. It has been shown that oral administration of aqueous infusions of clove at a dose of 100ìl/ mouse/day not only delays the formation of papilloma but also reduces the incidence of papilloma as well as the cumulative number of papillomas per papilloma bearing mouse. Our observations suggest a promising role for cloves in restriction of the carcinogenesis process.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
304
308
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24363_e77181b1cdab6ecd700b90a487805397.pdf
Polymorphisms at GSTM1 and GSTP1 Gene Loci and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a South Indian Population
text
article
2005
eng
Inter-individual differences in cancer susceptibility may be mediated in part through polymorphic variability in the bioactivation and detoxification of carcinogens. The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which are active in detoxification of wide variety of carcinogens, have been consistently implicated as cancer susceptibility genes in this context. We here assessed the association of GSTM1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms with susceptibility to prostate cancer in a case-control study of 75 patients and 100 age-matched controls in a South Indian population. The GSTM1 null polymorphism was detected by PCR and the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism by PCR-RFLP using peripheral blood DNA.There was no significant link between the null genotype of GSTM1 and risk of prostate cancer (OR-1.79; 95% CI-0.78-4.11; P-0.18). However, the GSTP1 Ile/Val genotype was significantly associated with a decreased risk for prostate cancer (OR-0.36; 95% CI-0.18-0.73; P<0.001). Analysis of the variant GSTM1 and GSTP1 genotypes in combination did not reveal any significant difference between cases and controls, even with a stratified analysis tumor grades. Thus our study indicates that the GSTP1 Ile/Val genotype may decrease risk of prostate cancer in the South Indian population.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
309
314
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24364_c65023f1354cce991deb10fb242bdd0c.pdf
Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and GSTP1 in a South Indian Population - Comparison with North Indians, Caucasians and Chinese
text
article
2005
eng
CYP2E1 and GSTP1 enzymes belong to phase I and phase II group of drug metabolizing enzymes respectively which are involved in the metabolic activation and detoxification of various potential genotoxic compounds. The functional polymorphism in these genes exhibit inter-individual variations in susceptibility towards various diseases and difference in therapeutic response. The variant sequences of these genes differ considerably between ethnic groups. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of CYP2E1 & GSTP1 gene variants in healthy volunteers of Tamilnadu, a population of South India. The genotype distribution of CYP2E1*1B A2A2, A2A1 and A1A1 were 61%, 36% and 3% respectively. The distribution of CYP2E1*5B c1c1, c1c2 genotypes were 99.2%and 0.8%. CYP2E1*6 DD, DC and CC genotype frequencies were 72%, 25% and 3% respectively. The allele frequencies of CYP2E1*1B, CYP2E1*5B and CYP2E1*6 were A2- 0.79 A1- 0.21, c1-0.996 c2 - 0.004 and D- 0.84 C- 0.16 respectively. The genotypic distribution of GSTP1 (Ile/Val) were Ile/Ile - 44%, Ile/Val -47% and Val/Val- 9 % whereas, the allelic frequencies were 0.67 for Ile and 0.33 for Val allele. The molecular studies in these enzymes provide basis for further epidemiological investigations in the population where the functional mutations in the genes alter therapeutic response and acts as susceptibility markers for various clinical conditions.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
315
319
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24365_c3db2e14ca9fbf3d5b2f5460c69aa6e7.pdf
Is it Reporting Bias Doubled the Risk of Prostate Cancer in Vasectomised Men in Mumbai, India?
text
article
2005
eng
Background: Vasectomy is a common method of family planning in India and worldwide. The objective of the present study was to assess the association of vasectomy with prostate cancer in a low risk population of a developing country. A population based case control study was conducted in Mumbai, India, for this purpose. Methods: Included in this study were microscopically proved cases of prostate cancer diagnosed during 1998 to 2000 and registered by Bombay Population Based Cancer Registry (n=594). The controls were healthy men belonging to the resident general population of Mumbai, India. Two controls for each case matched by age and place of residence were selected as the comparison group. Data on vasectomy and potential confounding factors were obtained by structured face to face interviews. After exclusions, 390 cases and 780 controls were available for final analysis and confounding was controlled by multiple logistic regression. Results: Overall 14.9% of cases and 10.0% of controls had undergone vasectomy. Compared with no vasectomy the OR with ever having undergone vasectomy was 1.9 (95% CI: 1.3-2.9), after controlling for age and other possible confounding factors. The risk for those who had had a vasectomy before the age of 45 years was 2.1 fold (95% CI: 1.2-3.9) and for those who underwent the procedure at a later age was 1.8 fold (95% CI: 1.1-2.9). The linear trend for an increase in risk with a decrease in age at vasectomy was statistically significant (p for trend= 0.01). The risk for those who completed 25 years or more time since undergoing vasectomy was 3.8 fold (95% CI: 1.9-7.6) and for those who completed less than 25 years it was 1.2 fold (95% CI: 0.7-2.1). The linear trend for an increase in risk with an increase in time since vasectomy was highly significant (p for trend = 0.001). Conclusion: There are major public health and birth control implications on vasectomy increases the risk for prostate cancer. It is likely, however, that biases identified in this study result in high estimates of risk and the true risk due to vasectomy is substantially less than the estimated one. Due to the several limitations and possibilities for reporting biases in this study, the evidence for the estimates of the higher odds ratio for prostate cancer in vasectomised men may not be a strong one. In view of the importance of vasectomy for fertility control, further studies with good design and conduct (the information on vasectomy need to be collected with better reliability) are required to clarify the issue of vasectomy associations with prostate cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
320
325
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24366_4e6b63582368a1299b085810b45fc521.pdf
Inhibition of Growth, Induction of Apoptosis and Alteration of GeneExpression by Tea Polyphenols in the Highly Metastatic Human Lung Cancer Cell Line NCI-H460
text
article
2005
eng
Lung cancer is a complex group of diseases but each lesion is thought to originate from a single mutated progenitor cell. It is evident that multiple genetic changes are involved in the generation of each specific type of lung cancer. Due to the high complexity of these processes and rapid metastasis, treatment of advanced lung cancer, particularly of NSCLCs, is far from satisfactory. Thus, there is a need for innovative strategies for modulation of adverse alteration in protooncogene or tumor suppressor genes so that lung carcinogenesis can be suppressed or delayed. To this end, we have evaluated the effects of tea compounds (theaflavins, epicatechin-gallate and epigallo-catechin-gallate) on proliferation and apoptosis and associated gene expression in a highly metastatic human lung cancer cell line NCIH460. Significant reduction of cell proliferation, detected in situ by BrdU incorporation, and induction of apoptosis, assessed by the by the TUNEL method, were noted following treatments. Expression of p53, Bcl-2, c-Myc and H-Ras, was localized by immunocytochemistry and analysed by Western blotting. Tea compounds upregulated expression of p53, downregulated expression of Bcl-2 but there was no significant influence on H-ras and c-Myc expressions. It is suggested that tea compounds can influence genetic alteration to disfavour, growth and survival of lung cancer cells.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
326
331
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24367_58a67dcd3d285b1ff3c19767b959b765.pdf
Assessment of Awareness Level on Tobacco and Smoking Habits as Risk Factors for Cancer among Lung and Laryngeal Cancer Patients in Kolkata -A Case Control Study
text
article
2005
eng
The burden of tobacco related cancers is increasing alarmingly throughout the world; therefore tobacco control merits the highest priority in the fight against cancer worldwide. The present report concerns a case control study of males with cancers of lung and larynx, to assess tobacco use, level of exposure and the awareness of risk of tobacco as a main cause of cancer. A total of 217 new patients with cancer of lung and larynx registered at Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute were recruited for the study, along with 200 healthy male (age, religion and residential status matched ) visiting controls. Information on socio-demographic parameters, details of the disease, tobacco use, and awareness about effects of tobacco were obtained through a standardized questionnaire. Smokers were at a higher risk of disease than nonsmokers, with a direct correlation between duration and number of smoking, monthly income, family size and education level. Adjusted ORs observed for smokers for duration more than 40years of smoking and smoking more than 40beedi/ cigarettes per day were 4.3 and 3.9, respectively. Awareness level towards tobacco chewing, active and passive smoking revealed poor response among the subjects. Thus improved health education for antismoking and awareness generation of tobacco hazards should be strongly recommended as a preventive measure.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
332
336
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24368_53028f99ec42719384dbc8c9dc057e58.pdf
Suppressive Effects of Fruit-juice Concentrate of Prunus Mume Sieb. et Zucc. (Japanese apricot, Ume) on Helicobacter Pylori-induce Glandular Stomach Lesions in Mongolian Gerbils
text
article
2005
eng
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is an important factor in human gastric disorders, including chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcers, intestinal metaplasia and cancer. Since epidemiologic studies overwhelmingly agree on a protective influence of fruits and vegetables in reducing the risk of gastric neoplasia and processed foods made from Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. (Japanese apricot or "Ume" in Japanese) are traditionally known for their miscellaneous medical effects, in the present study we investigated the efficacy of a fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot (CJA) in the glandular stomach of Hp-infected Mongolian gerbils. Hp-inoculated gerbils were given CJA in their drinking water at concentrations of 1 and 3% for 10 weeks. The microscopic scores for gastritis and mucosal hyperplasia in the CJA groups were significantly lower than in the Hp-inoculated control group, with dose-dependence. Real-time PCR was performed to quantitate Hp by demonstrating urease A gene amount using gerbils’ glyceraldehyde-3-phophate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene as an internal control. Average relative urease A gene dosage in the glandular stomach in the 1 and 3% CJA and Hp-inoculated control groups was 26.6 + 11.6% (average + SE), 30.3 + 10.5%, 100 + 40.9%, respectively, the fruit-juice concentrate causing significant lowering (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively, with 1 and 3%). These findings suggest that suppressive effects on gastric cancer development might also be expected as a result of decreased numbers of Hp and improvement of Hp-induced chronic active gastritis on administration of CJA.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
337
341
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24369_0cf899d89059c7777abb2cb15f9af540.pdf
A unique seroepidemiological pattern of HBV, HCV and HTLV-I in Nenets and Komi in Northwestern Russia
text
article
2005
eng
An epidemiological study of hepatitis viruses type B (HBV) and type C (HCV) and human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) was carried out among 105 residents (male:female=19:86) regarded as Nenets partly mixed with Komi, in the region of Krasnoe, the Nenets Autonomous District of the Arkhangelsk Region, in northwestern Russia in 2004. Blood was drawn from apparently healthy volunteers at ages of 41.6+16.5 (range 14-85) years. HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb, HBeAb and HCV Ab were measured by microparticle enzyme-immunoassay, and HTLV-I Ab was measured by particle agglutination. Prevalences of HBsAg(+), HBsAb(+), HBcAb(+) and HBeAb(+) were 0.0%, 29.5.%, 20.0% and 7.6%, respectively. The overall HBV infection rate (positive HBsAb or HBcAb) was 34.3%, while no positive HCV or HTLV-I Abs could be detected. A serological subgroup with positive HBsAb and negative HBcAb, consisting of 15(14.3%) females, contrasted sharply to other serological subgroups in sex, age, parent’s ethnicity, positive HBeAb rate, and HBcAb inhibition%. We conclude that HBV is prevalent with unique serological patterns among the Nenets, while HCV and HTLV-I infections are negligible.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
342
345
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24370_7ffe01a2ae1bd20ec5711da8061d5741.pdf
Multiplex PCR with Confronting Two-pair Primers for CYP1A1 Ile462Val, GSTM1, GSTT1, and NQO1 C609T
text
article
2005
eng
Polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP) is an effective genotyping method for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in aspects of reducing time and costs for analysis. So far we have established PCR-CTPP conditions for tens of SNPs, including a triplex genotyping (Kawase et al., 2003). In the present study we report a quadruplex PCR-CTPP to genotype simultaneously four functional polymorphisms of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, CYP1A1 Ile462Val, GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null and NQO1 C609T, which were reported that they have significant associations with smoking-related cancers. We applied this method for 475 health check-up examinees to demonstrate the performance. Among the subjects, the genotype frequency of CYP1A1 Ile462Val was 56.8% for Ile/Ile, 38.1% for Ile/Val and 5.1% for Val/Val. The null type frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were 52.8% and 49.9%, respectively. And the genotype frequency of NQO1 C609T was 41.9% for C/C, 41.3% for C/T and 16.8% for T/T. Their distributions were similar to those reported for Japanese by other studies. To the best of our awareness, this is the first paper that reports the success in quadruplex PCR-CTPP. The applied polymorphisms are useful ones, which would be adopted not only for research purposes, but also for risk assessment of individuals exposed to carcinogenic substances. This convenient genotyping would be applied for cancer prevention especially in Asian Pacific regions, where expensive genotyping methods are hardly available.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
346
352
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24371_66da2a05c7d76c4eb8b4669514dc5bed.pdf
Growth Inhibitory Activities of Crude Extracts Obtained from Herbal Plants in the Ryukyu Islands on Several Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Lines
text
article
2005
eng
There is increasing interest in the use of herbs for the treatment of human diseases including cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether crude extracts obtained from 44 herbal plants in the Ryukyu Islands might contain components capable of inhibiting the growth of a variety of human colon carcinoma cell lines. Leaves, roots and other parts of the plants were extracted with chloroform, and the crude extracts were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and used for the experiments. Extracts of Hemerocallis fulva, Ipomoea batatas, Curcuma longa, and Nasturium officinale caused marked dose-dependent growth inhibition, with IC50 values in the range of 10-80 ì žg/ml. With the HCT116 cell line, the extracts of Hemerocallis fulva and Ipomoea batatas induced G1 cell cycle arrest after 48 h of treatment. In addition, we found that extracts of Curcuma longa, and Nasturium officinale induced apoptosis in these cells after 48 h of treatment. The present studies are the first systematic examination of the growth inhibitory effects of crude extracts obtained from herbal plants in the Ryukyu Islands. The findings provide evidence that several plants in the Ryukyu Islands contain components that may have anticancer activity.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
353
358
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24372_19dd3f13a81e005c5796d653a1926f25.pdf
Cancer Occurrence in Iran in 2002, an International Perspective
text
article
2005
eng
For almost 30 years no population-based cancer statistics have been available with which to estimate the cancer burden in Iran. In 2002 and 2003 two separate reports of population based cancer registries were published from Iran and the cancer incidence rates from these sources have permitted informed estimates of cancer incidence and mortality to be prepared. They suggest that more than 51,000 cases of cancer are diagnosed and 35,000 deaths due to cancer occur each year. The 5 most common cancers in males (by ASR) are stomach (26.1 per 105), esophagus (17.6 ), colon-rectum (8.3), bladder (8.0) and leukemia (4.8), and in females are breast (17.1), esophagus (14.4), stomach (11.1), colon-rectum (6.5) and cervix uteri (4.5). The incidence rates of esophageal and stomach cancer in Iran are high, well above the world average, while the incidence of lung cancer is very low. Breast cancer, although the most common cancer of females in Iran, has rates that are low by world standards, especially those observed in Europe and USA. Similarly, the incidence of cervix cancer in Iran is very low, even lower than such low risk countries as China, Kuwait and Spain. Comparing these rates with the data of 30 years ago, the incidence of esophageal cancer has decreased dramatically, but gastric cancer has increased about two fold.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
359
363
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24373_698f8deb1d380dd46f14999a95d86e9c.pdf
Increasing Incidence of Non-Hodgkinีs Lymphoma in Karachi, 1995-2002
text
article
2005
eng
This first population-based study of non- Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) from any region in Pakistan, provides an overview of the incidence pattern and time trends in Karachi and generates hypotheses for future experimental research. Epidemiological data for 429 incident (1st Jan 1995 to 31st Dec 2002), microscopically verified nodal and extra-nodal NHL cases, registered at the Karachi Cancer Registry (KCR) for Karachi South, were reviewed. The age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 5.3/100,000 in males (M) and 4.1/100,000 in females (F), in 1995. A gradual increase in the annual incidence was observed during the study period, with NHL incidence rate increasing in 2002 to 8.4/100,000 in men and 6.5/100,000 in women, almost double the 1995 rates. NHL affected all age groups in both genders and for each group the ASIR was higher among men than women, with an overall gender ratio of 1.9. The mean ages of the patients were 41.5 years (95% CI 39.1; 43.8) in males and 44.0 years (95% CI 40.8; 47.1) in females. The adult to childhood ratios were 8.6 (M) and 10.7 (F). B-cell NHL comprised 81.0% of NHL in males and 87.3% in females. One fourth of the NHL cases were extra-nodal, the largest group was of gastrointestinal origin (54.1% M, 38.5% F). The gastric component was 21% M and 25.6% F. Odds Ratios for sex, age-groups, ethnicity, religion, and subdivision by socio-economic categories were calculated by considering all malignancies, except lymphoproliferative disorders as controls. The odds ratio (OR) in men was 2.2 (95% CI 0.6; 3.0). Children and adolescents were at the highest risk of developing NHL, especially the 5-9 year olds, in both genders. A marginally higher risk was observed for the lower socioeconomic categories and for ethnicities belonging to Northern and North–Western Pakistan (Punjabi, Pushtu and Baluch) residing in Karachi South. The incidence rates of NHL registered in Karachi South are likely to be a reflection of non-AIDS-associated NHL. Estimated HIV/AIDS incidence was too low during the study period in this population to have an impact on NHL incidence. The preponderance of low and intermediate grade lymphomas, paucity of central nervous system NHL and a higher childhood NHL component support this hypothesis. As yet unpublished reports, however, are raising the alarm on rising HIV positivity. NHL correlation with HIV/AIDS status and studies identifying risk factors of non- HIV/AIDS associated NHL (childhood viral infections, Hepatitis C virus, and Helicobacter pylori) are potential areas for future experimental and epidemiological research.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
364
369
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24374_ab5228b296b959b613a101da69776cf6.pdf
Reproductive Characteristics and the Risk of Breast Cancer - A Case-control Study in Iran
text
article
2005
eng
Breast cancer is a common malignancy for women in most parts of the world and the incidence in Iranian women is growing. The patients are relatively younger than their western counterparts. The present hospital based casecontrol study was designed to determine roles of reproductive factors for breast cancer among women in Iran. Conducted at a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iranin 2004, the study covered a total of 303 cases of breast cancer and 303 healthy controls. Cases were identified through the Oncology Department of a university hospital and controls were collected from other wards or out-patient clinics at the same hospital. Control subjects were matched to patients for age. Informed consent was obtained from all cases and controls then demographic and reproductive factors were ascertained by in-person interview using a constructed questionnaire. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for breast cancer were derived using logistic regression analysis. The mean +SD ages of cases and controls were 48.8 + 9.8 and 50.2 + 11.1 years, respectively, (range 24-84). The final model for multiple analysis indicated that never married, post menopause, age at first live birth, number of live births, use of oral contraceptive pills, and history of chest X-rays between adolescence and 30 yrs of age, were significantly associated with breast cancer. Variables such as higher education, early age at menarche, abortion, breast feeding and its duration were not significant risk factors .
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
370
375
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24375_064739708d99da9fc433e1a7fccd67ac.pdf
Relative Validity of a Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire Versus 3 day Weighed Diet Records in Middle-aged Inhabitants in Chaoshan Area, China
text
article
2005
eng
Objective: The purpose of the study was to validate a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire1 (SQFFQ) against 3 day weighted diet records (WDRs) for middle-aged inhabitants in the Chaoshan area, China. Subjects: 100 middle-age healthy residents. Methods: Validity was examined via descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlations. Results: Pearson’s correlation coefficients (CCs) with energy-adjustment quantified by the SQFFQ and 3 day WDRs (minimum-median-maximum) ranged from 0.31(Vegetables)-0.35-0.53 (Cereals) for the selected foods, and 0.12 (retinol)-0.41-0.58 (phosphorous) for the selected nutrients. Favorably high agreement for intakes of foods/nutrients was achieved along with low disagreement. Conclusion: A moderate level of relative validity was observed; this food frequency questionnaire is reliable and valid for dietary assessment with middle-aged inhabitants in the Chaoshan area, China.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
376
381
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24376_e3c636681a90768bfd78c2b9f44bf3e6.pdf
Trends in Liver Cancer, Sa Kaeo Province Thailand
text
article
2005
eng
Objective: To determine liver cancer trends in Sa Kaeo Province, Thailand. Methods: Death certificate (1993- 2003) and hospital records (1999-2003) were reviewed and compared to national averages and other provinces. Results: According to data from death certificates, liver cancer mortality in Sa Kaeo Province increased from 3.1 to 26.1 per 100,000 population between 1993 and 2003. In Thailand overall rates increased from 9.0 to 19.8 per 100,000 population between 1996 and 2003. According to electronic hospital records, the total number of patient encounters (in-patient admissions and out-patient visits) for liver cancer in the two main hospitals in Sa Kaeo Province increased 56% (14% annually) between 1999 and 2003. The number of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma increased from 42 in 2001 to 73 in 2003, while the number of cases of cholangiocarcinoma showed little change. Conclusions: Thailand as a whole and Sa Kaeo Province specifically have a high burden of liver cancer, which appears to have increased substantially in the past 10 years. Demonstrating the impact of ongoing strategies aimed at reducing risk factors for liver cancer, such as universal hepatitis B vaccination of infants, will require reliable data describing liver cancer disease burden and etiology. Rapid investigations using available data from death certificates, electronic admissions records, and patient charts can provide valuable insights on disease burden and trends.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
382
386
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24377_a44d4a007c482808a4c62c59bcc2dfb1.pdf
Allium Vegetables and Stomach Cancer Risk in China
text
article
2005
eng
Although the incidence of stomach cancer has been declining, it remains the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Potential protective effects of allium vegetables against cancer have been reported by a few epidemiologic studies in Chinese populations, but the sample sizes of these studies were relatively small. We examined the associations between allium vegetable consumption and stomach cancer in a large population-based case-control study in Shanghai (750 cases and 750 age- and gender-matched controls) and Qingdao (128 cases and 128 age- and gender-matched controls). Epidemiological data were collected by a standard questionnaire, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression in SAS. After adjusting for matching variables, education, body mass index, pack-years of smoking, alcohol drinking, salt intake, and fruit and vegetable intake, inverse relationships with dose response pattern were observed between frequency of onion intake and stomach cancer in Qingdao (P for trend=0.02) and Shanghai (P for trend=0.04) populations. In Shanghai, negative doseresponse relationships were observed between monthly intake of onions (P=0.03), monthly intake of garlic stalks (P=0.04) and distal cancer (but not with cardia cancer). Negative association was also noted between intake of garlic stalks (often vs. never) and risk of stomach cancer in Qingdao (OR=0.30; 95% CI: 0.12-0.77). Our results confirm the protective effect of allium vegetables (especially garlic and onions) against stomach cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
387
395
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24378_63667a4e4f6951de83c5d6b540ddc9f3.pdf
Immunomodulatory Activities of Centella asiatica and Rhinacanthus nasutus Extracts
text
article
2005
eng
Centella asiatica (CA) and Rhinacanthus nasutus (RN )have been used for treatment of various illnesses, but the mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. This study focused on the influence of CA and RN extracts on cellmediated and humoral immune responses. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CA (water extract) and RN (water and ethanol extracts) significantly increased proliferation and the production of IL-2 and TNF-á. In contrast, an ethanol extract of CA inhibited human PBMC mitogenesis and the production of IL-2 and TNF-á. BALB/c mice treated with CA extracts (100 mg/kg bw) showed higher responses to both primary and secondary antibodies against BSA when compared with non-treated group. Only the secondary antibody response was increased in RN extract-treated mice. The present study revealed immunomodulating activity of CA and RN extracts with regard to both non-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. The data available to date suggest that they may have chemopreventive or anticancer potential.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
396
400
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24379_656e498f08a026c6b8695b2c9955fa2a.pdf
Hepatitis B Knowledge and Vaccination Levels in California Hmong Youth: Implications for Liver Cancer Prevention Strategies
text
article
2005
eng
Although chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major risk factors for liver cancer, the level of knowledge about liver cancer risk factors and HBV transmission, as well as vaccination have not been assessed in this population. We interviewed Hmong youth living in Fresno, California about liver cancer risk factors. General knowledge of HBV was common, but knowledge of specific modes of transmission was low. For example, only 49% knew that HBV was transmitted by sexual intercourse. We also observed very low prevalence of HBV vaccination (12%), although a majority reported knowing that shots can prevent disease (68%). Liver cancer prevention and control methods targeted to Hmong youth are needed.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
401
403
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24380_1ad52c5cc46f35d3d5ad9eddb785e6ac.pdf
Herbs as a Food and Medicine Source in Palestine
text
article
2005
eng
This article describes the broad ethno-botany and folk medicine in Palestine. It presents examples of different edible plants and their use by Palestinians in a host of manners, fresh, cooked and dried, both as foodstuffs and treatment of diseases and medical disorders. Their potential application as cancer chemopreventive agents needs to be a focus of research attention.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
404
407
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24381_32052b51d458152cdecdf62ffc5f7f07.pdf
Dance as a Therapy for Cancer Prevention
text
article
2005
eng
Even though the field of medicine has developed tremendously, the wide variety of cancer is still among chronic and life threatening disease today. Therefore, the specialists constantly research and try every possible way to find cure or preventive ways to stop its further development. For this reason, studies concerning the chronic disease such as cancer have been spread to many different fields. In this regard, many other alternative ways besides medicine, are used in prevention of cancer. Nutritional therapy, herbal therapy, sportive activities, art therapy, music therapy, dance therapy, imagery, yoga and acupuncture can be given as examples. Among these, dance/movement therapy which deals with individuals’ physical, emotional, cognitive as well as social integration is widely used as a popular form of physical activity. The physical benefits of dance therapy as exercise are well documented. Studies have shown that physical activity is known to increase special neurotransmitter substances in the brain (endorphins), which create a state of wellbeing. And total body movement such as dance enhances the functions of other body systems, such as circulatory, respiratory, skeletal, and muscular systems. Regarding its unique connection to the field of medicine, many researches have been undertaken on the effects of dance/movement therapy in special settings with physical problems such as amputations, traumatic brain injury, and stroke, chronic illnesses such as anorexia, bulimia, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, cystic fibrosis, heart disease, diabetes, asthma, AIDS, and arthritis. Today dance/movement therapy is a well recognized form of complementary therapy used in hospitals as well as at the comprehensive clinical cancer centres.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
408
411
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24382_d03e2ac9625399bdf2fc730ef9945798.pdf
Comparison of Japanese, American-Whites and African-Americans - Pointers to Risk Factors to Underlying Distribution of Tumours in the Colorectum
text
article
2005
eng
Relative incidence rates for colon and rectal cancer vary greatly between populations in the world. While Japanese have historically had low prevalence, immigration to the United States has now resulted in equal if not higher rates than in Caucasian- or African-Americans. Furthermore, recent data from some population-based registries in Japan itself are also pointing to particularly high susceptibility. Of particular interest is the fact that Japanese in both the home country and the US in fact have far higher rates for rectal cancer than the other two ethnic groups. An intriguing question is whether they might also demonstrate variation from Caucasian- and African-Americans in the raltive incidence rates for proximal and distal colon cancers, given the clear differences in risk factors like diabetes, physical exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, meat and fish intake and calcium exposure which have been shown to operate in these two sites. A comprehensive epidemiological research exercise is here proposed to elucidate ethnic variation in colorectal cancer development, based on cross-cancer registry descriptive and case control approaches. It is envisaged that additional emphasis on screened populations should further provide important insights into causal factors and how primary and secondary prevention efforts can be optimized.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
412
419
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24383_b8728bd24385bf92afd77a3beba04db1.pdf
Preventing the Oral Cavity Cancer Epidemic
text
article
2005
eng
Bhurgri Y (2005) have studied the time trends in the site specific oral cancer incidence in the Karachi South, a sample population of Pakistan with a representation of all ethnic and socio-economic groups of the country. Oral cancer ranks 6th world-wide. However, 58% of the cases are concentrated in South and Southeast Asia (Nair et al; 2004). In Karachi, it ranks 2nd in all malignancies among both males and females, with the highest reported incidence in the world. In the absence of alcohol use, chewing of products of betel, areca and tobacco remain the main etiological risk factors. These products include paan, chaalia, gutka and naswar. Because of the ancient history of these products, their use is socially acceptable in all sections of South Asian society.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
420
421
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24384_444d299483c82e19dffe85b0d61edf42.pdf
Minimal Sizes of Cases with a Susceptible Genotype and Minimal Odds Ratios among Susceptible Individuals in Case-control Studies
text
article
2005
eng
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
421
421
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24385_d96ac58d8589c3c7662f740ecec7aa76.pdf
4th APOCP Regional Conference ิTowards H
text
article
2005
eng
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
6
v.
3
no.
2005
422
423
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24386_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf