MiRNA Molecular Profiles in Human Medical Conditions: Connecting Lung Cancer and Lung Development Phenomena
text
article
2014
eng
MiRNAs are endogenous, single stranded ~22-nucleotide non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which are transcribed byRNA polymerase II and mediate negative post-transcriptional gene regulation through binding to 3’untranslatedregions (UTR), possibly open reading frames (ORFs) or 5’UTRs of target mRNAs. MiRNAs are involvedin the normal physiology of eukaryotic cells, so dysregulation may be associated with diseases like cancer,and neurodegenerative, heart and other disorders. Among all cancers, lung cancer, with high incidence andmortality worldwide, is classified into two main groups: non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer.Recent promising studies suggest that gene expression profiles and miRNA signatures could be a useful step in anoninvasive, low-cost and repeatable screening process of lung cancer. Similarly, every stage of lung developmentduring fetal life is associated with specific miRNAs. Since lung development and lung cancer phenomena sharethe same physiological, biological and molecular processes like cell proliferation, development and shared mRNAor expression regulation pathways, and according to data adopted from various studies, they may have partiallyshared miRNA signature. Thus, focusing on lung cancer in relation to lung development in miRNA studies mightprovide clues for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9557
9565
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30119_a847c6b4e0f920d472afb7449adf8f69.pdf
Are Beta Blockers New Potential Anticancer Agents?
text
article
2014
eng
β-Blockers have been one of the most widely used and versatile drugs for the past half a century. A newpotential for their use as anti-cancer drugs has emerged in the past few years. Various retrospective case controlstudies have been suggestive that use of β-blockers before the diagnosis of cancer could have preventive andprotective effects against non-small cell lung carcinoma, melanoma, and breast, pancreatic and prostate cancers.Experimental and clinical observations are still inconclusive with some inconsistent findings. However, indicationsare pointing toward a positive role of some β-blockers against certain forms of cancers. This mini review is aneffort to present the up to date published results of case-control studies and experimental findings.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9567
9574
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30120_aea61b9172fd39129a53c585a3ac1752.pdf
Epidemiology, Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer
text
article
2014
eng
Prostate cancer is more common in men over the age of 65 years. There are 15% cases with positive familyhistory of prostate cancer Worldwide. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death among the U.S. men.Prostate cancer incidence is strongly related to age with the highest rates in older man. Globally millions ofpeople are suffering from this disease. This study aims to provide awareness about prostate cancer as well as anupdated knowledge about the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9575
9578
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30121_4368871986a91763dc83bfb38dc05e70.pdf
Overweight, Obesity, Oxidative Stress and the Risk of Breast Cancer
text
article
2014
eng
There is growing scientific evidence linking excess body weight to breast cancer risk. However, there is nocommon consensus on this relation due partly to methodologies used, populations studied and the cancer subtype.We report here a summary of the present state of knowledge on the role of overweight and obesity in pathogenesisof breast cancer and possible mechanisms through which excess body weight might influence the risk, focusingon the role of oxidative stress in breast cancer etiology. The findings demonstrate duality of excess body weightaction in dependence on menopausal status: a statistically significant increased risk in postmenopausal overweight/obese women and non-significant preventive effect among premenopausal women. Due to several gaps in theliterature on this topic, additional studies are needed. Future research should address factors influencing theexcess body weight - breast cancer relationship, such as race/ethnicity, tumor subtype, receptor status, the mostappropriate measure of adiposity, reproductive characteristics, and lifestyle components.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9579
9586
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30122_e6b5911c5ce06d1687880b39267fdeab.pdf
Olanzapine for Preventing Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Moderately and Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy
text
article
2014
eng
Nausea and vomiting are common adverse events in chemotherapy. In spite of the serious effects on thequality of life and further treatment, they remain overlooked by physicians, and no standard treatment has beendeveloped. Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists and palonosetron are the major agents in the standardregimen for treating moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).However, NK-1 receptor antagonists first became commercially available at the end of 2013 and palonosetronhas not been extensively applied in China. Olanzapine was recommended as a therapy for moderate and severeCINV in antiemesis-clinical practice guidelines in oncology in 2014 for the first time. It is an atypical antipsychoticagent, which can block multiple receptors on neurotransmitters. During more than 10 years, olanzapine hasdemonstrated significant effects in preventing CINV and treating breakthrough and refractor CINV, which wasobserved in case reports, precise retrospective studies, and phase Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ clinical trials, with no grade 3 to4 adverse events. In particular, it is superior to aprepitant and dexamethasone in delayed nausea and vomiting.Therefore, this compound is worthy of further investigation.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9587
9592
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30123_3d89a9ef0392613acfbf3ef6a50e8e39.pdf
Ursolic Acid Promotes Apoptosis of SGC-7901 Gastric Cancer Cells through ROCK/PTEN Mediated Mitochondrial Translocation of Cofilin-1
text
article
2014
eng
Ursolic acid, extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine bearberry, can induce apoptosis of gastriccancer cells. However, its pro-apoptotic mechanism still needs further investigation. More and more evidencedemonstrates that mitochondrial translocation of cofilin-1 appears necessary for the regulation of apoptosis.Here, we report that ursolic acid (UA) potently induces the apoptosis of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Furthermechanistic studies revealed that the ROCK1/PTEN signaling pathway plays a critical role in UA-mediatedmitochondrial translocation of cofilin-1 and apoptosis. These findings imply that induction of apoptosis by ursolicacid stems primarily from the activation of ROCK1 and PTEN, resulting in the translocation of cofilin-1 fromcytoplasm to mitochondria, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and finally inducingapoptosis of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9593
9597
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30124_028f3849892884fe2f38585ec5ec15fb.pdf
Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes of Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer Radiotherapy: A Single Center Experience
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in the management of early stage endometrial cancer(EC) is still controversial. Here we report our institutional experience with patients who received postoperativeRT for stage I-II EC over a period of 35 years and assess potential predictors of local recurrence (LR), distantmetastasis (DM), and overall survival (OS). Materials and Methods: A total of 188 patients undergoingpostoperative RT for stage IA-II EC between 1977 and 2012 were evaluated. Some 96 received median 46 Gywhole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) (range: 40-60 Gy), 37 were given WPRT with vaginal cuff therapy (VCT), and55 received only VCT either with brachytherapy (BT) or stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Chemotherapywas given to 5 patients with uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC). Logistic regression analysis was used toassess the effect of clinicopathological factors on LR, DM, and OS. Results: Median follow-up time was 11 years(range: 1-35 years). At the time of analysis, 34 patients were not alive. Of the 15 patients with LR, 7 (46.7%)recurred in the vaginal stump, 5 (33.3%) in the pelvic region, and 3 (20%) in the paraaortic nodal region, while12 had distant metastasis. UPSC histology (p=0.027), sole VCT (p=0.041), high histologic grade (p=0.034), andage ≥ 71 (p=0.04) were poor prognostic factors on univariate analysis. Conclusions: In our patients receivingradiotherapy for early-stage EC, grade III disease and age ≥ 71 were associated with shorter OS whereas UPSChistology was an independent predictor for both LR and DM.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9599
9602
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30125_8f334c537a4c4521020d290926f9106d.pdf
Polymorphism of p53 Gene Codon 72 in Endometrial Cancer: Correlation with Tumor Grade and Histological Type
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women in developed countries.Patients with endometrial cancer may benefit from systemic chemotherapy alone or in combination with targetedtherapies if the disease is clinically diagnosed prior to spread and metastasis to other organs. The aim of thisstudy was to evaluate the prognostic role of p53 polymorphism and its correlation with tumor grade in humanuterine endometrial carcinomas. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 patients with endometrial carcinomaswere studied for possible mutations in exon 4 of the p53 gene using polymerase chain reaction and restrictingfragment length polymorphism techniques and sequencing. Results: In recent study, The rate of homozygotegenotype of pro/pro or Arg/Arg in high grade group was higher than in comparison with low grade one. Inaddition samples that were undigested in RFLP, showed mutation in exone 4. Conclusions: Our findings showedthat high grade endometrial carcinomas are highly associated with TP53 polymorphisms in comparison withlow grades.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9603
9606
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30126_7c10ff24dc8639b9b88f711e90818805.pdf
BRCA1 Promoter Hypermethylation Signature for Early Detection of Breast Cancer in the Vietnamese Population
text
article
2014
eng
Breast cancer, a leading cause of death among women in most countries worldwide, is rapidly increasing inincidence in Vietnam. One of biomarkers is the disruption of the genetic material including epigenetic changeslike DNA methylation. With the aim of finding hypermethylation at CpG islands of promoter of BRCA1 gene,belonged to the tumor suppressor gene family, as the biomarker for breast cancer in Vietnamese population,sensitive methyl specific PCR (MSP) was carried out on 115 samples including 95 breast cancer specimens and20 normal breast tissues with other diseases which were obtained from Ho Chi Minh City Medical Hospital,Vietnam. The result indicated that the frequency of BRCA1 hypermethylation reached 82.1% in the cases(p<0.001). In addition, the DNA hypermethylation of this candidate gene increased the possibility to be breastcancer with high incidence via calculated odd ratios (p<0.05). In conclusion, hypermethylation of this candidategene could be used as the promising biomarker application with Vietnamese breast cancer patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9607
9610
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30127_db119cbff29e5e0cd6b1fec1febbdbba.pdf
Clinical Utility of Haptoglobin in Combination with CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 for Diagnosis of Lung Cancer
text
article
2014
eng
Purpose: To investigate the clinical value in lung cancer of a combination of four serum tumor markers,haptoglobin (Hp), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron specific enolase (NSE) as well as the cytokeratin 19fragment (CYFRA21-1). Materials and Methods: Serum Hp (with immune-turbidimetric method), CEA, NSE,CYFRA21-1 (with chemiluminescence method) level were assessed in 193 patients with lung cancer, 87 patientswith benign lung disease and 150 healthy controls. Differences of expression were compared among groups,and joint effects of these tumor markers for the diagnosis of lung cancer were analyzed. Results: Serum tumormarker levels in patients with lung cancer were obviously higher than those with benign lung disease and normalcontrols (p<0.01). The sensitivities of Hp, CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 were 43.5%, 40.9%, 23.3% and 41.5%,with specificities of 90.7%, 99.2%, 97.9% and 97.9%. Four tumor markers combined together could produce apositive detection rate of 85.0%, significantly higher than that of any single test. With squamous carcinomas, thepositive detection rates with Hp and CYFRA21-1 were higher than that of other markers. In the adenocarcinomacase , the positive detection rate of CEA was higher than that of other markers. For small cell carcinomas, thepositive detection rate of NSE was highest. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC) ofHp in squamous carcinoma (0.805) was higher than in adenocarcinoma (0.664) and small cell carcinoma (0.665).Conclusions: Hp can be used as a new serum tumor marker for lung cancer. Combination detection of Hp, CEA,NSE and CYFRA21-1 could significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of lung cancer, andcould be useful for pathological typing.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9611
9614
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30128_a055e1862a5cd8e7c7a64e76eb51c920.pdf
Lack of Prognostic Value of Human Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Receptor 2 Status in Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC): a Meta-analysis
text
article
2014
eng
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, aggressive form of breast cancer which is more likely to be her-2/neu amplified. While the her-2/neu status has been utilised to predict prognosis, the published data are inconsistent.The present meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether the her-2/neu status predicts outcomes. Paperswere selected from the PubMed database based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Parameters such astotal patients, follow-up time and outcome statistics (i.e. overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS) werecollected. The analysis included 6 studies with 2,838 IBC patients. The summary hazards ratio (HR) estimatingthe association of OS with HER-2-positive disease was 0.96 (95% confidence interval (95%CI: 0.85-1.10)), withsimilar findings for RFS (HR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.61-1.09). No obvious statistical heterogeneity was detected. Thismeta-analysis suggests that HER-2-positive status is not an independent adverse prognostic factor for survivalamong IBC patient cases.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9615
9619
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30129_469dfa33e32b49092843065c2379e4a2.pdf
XRCC3 Thr241Met Gene Polymorphism and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Kashmir: a Case Control Study
text
article
2014
eng
XRCC (X-ray cross-complementing group) genes contribute to important DNA repair mechanisms thatplay roles in the repair of single strand breaks (SSBs) induced by a variety of external and internal factors,including ionizing radiation, alkylating agents and reactive oxygen species. These repair genes have a pivotalrole in maintaining genomic stability through different pathways of base excision repair (BER). The aim of thisstudy was to investigate the XRCC3 Thr241Met gene polymorphism in colorectal cancer (CRC) in Kashmir. Weinvestigated the genotype distribution of XRCC3 gene in 120 CRC cases in comparison with 150 healthy subjectsand found a significant association between XRCC3 genotypes and CRC (p≤0.05). Both heterozygous genotype(Thr/Met) as well as homozygous variant genotype (Met/Met) were moderately associated with elevated riskof CRC [OR=2.53; OR=2.29 respectively]. Also, Thr/Met and Met/Met genotypes demonstrated a significantassociation with the risk of CRC (p = 0.003). This study displayed a significantly elevated risk for CRC inindividuals with XRCC3 Thr/Met and Met/Met Genotype of about 2.5 times that with the Thr/Thr wild genotype.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9621
9625
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30130_6b7537c35a38d1b29fee83ae5976c02b.pdf
Efficacy of Aprepitant for Nausea in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Receiving Daily Cisplatin Therapy
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Although efficacy of aprepitant for suppressing emesis associated with single-dose cisplatin hasbeen demonstrated, there are limited data on the antiemetic effect of this oral neurokinin-1 receptor antagonistduring daily administration of cisplatin. Accordingly, we investigated the efficacy and safety of aprepitant inpatients with head and neck cancer (HNC) receiving combination therapy with cisplatin and 5-FU (FP therapy).Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with HNC were prospectively studied who received a triple antiemeticregimen comprising granisetron (40μg/kg on Days 1-4), dexamethasone (8 mg on Days 1-4), and aprepitant (125mg on day 1 and 80mg on days 2-5) with FP therapy (cisplatin 20 mg/m2 on days 1-4; 5-FU 400 mg/m2 on days1-5) (aprepitant group). We also retrospectively studied another 20 HNC patients who received the same regimenexcept for aprepitant (control group). Results: For efficacy endpoints based on nausea, the aprepitant groupshowed significantly better results, including a higher rate of complete response (no vomiting and no salvagetherapy) for the acute phase (p=0.0342), although there was no marked difference between the two groups withregard to percentage of patients in whom vomiting was suppressed. There were no clinically relevant adversereactions to aprepitant. Conclusions: This study suggested that a triple antiemetic regimen containing aprepitantis safe and effective for HNC patients receiving daily cisplatin therapy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9627
9630
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30131_c6d2ac160359f1f74dd82068efcf7615.pdf
Variables that Affect the Satisfaction of Brazilian Women with External Breast Prostheses after Mastectomy
text
article
2014
eng
Background: : In 2012, the breast cancer estimate worldwide stood at 1.67 million new cases, these accountingfor 25% of all types of cancer diagnosed in women. For 2014, 57,120 new cases are expected, with a risk estimatedat 56.1 cases for every 100,000 women. The objective of this study was to analyze the satisfaction regarding theuse of external breast prostheses by women undergoing mastectomy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectionalstudy was conducted with 76 women who used an external breast prosthesis (EBP), registered in the services of theCuiaba Center for Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2009 to 2012. Data were collectedfrom the records of women who had requested the opening of a process of external breast prosthesis concession.Results: Satisfaction with the EBP was identified in 56.6% of the women. Those satisfied with the EBP reportedthat its weight was not annoying (p<0.01). Although the women felt body sensations of stitches, pains, pulling,dormancy and phantom limb, they are satisfied with the EBP. The variable related to the displacement of thebreast prosthesis during activity of everyday life has demonstrated that even though the women have reportedthe possibility of displacements, they are satisfied with the EBP. The satisfaction with the use of external breastprosthesis did not affect the sexuality of the women with mastectomy. Conclusions: Learning the specificities ofthe EBP, taking into consideration the satisfaction of its use, allows the rehabilitation team, by listening to theirclientele more attentively, following up this woman throughout her life journey, supporting and guiding the bestway of use, with an eye to her personal, emotional and social life, as well as to her self-esteem.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9631
9634
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30132_5b5d3caab8f1fee792fb480e0a555333.pdf
Hepatitis B Virus DNA Negativity Acts as a Favorable Prognostic Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
text
article
2014
eng
Background: This retrospective study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of prophylactic agents inhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving TACE and compare the difference between lamivudine andentecavir. Materials and Methods: A consecutive series of 203 HBV-related HCC patients receiving TACE wereanalyzed including 91 patients given prophylactic agents. Virologic events, defined as an increase in serum HBVDNA level to more than 1 log10 IU/ml higher than the nadir level, hepatitis flares due to HBV reactivation andprogression free survival (PFS) were the main endpoints. Results: Some 48 (69.6%) reached virologic response.Prophylaxis significantly reduced virologic events (8.8% vs 58.0%, p=0.000) and hepatitis flares (1.1% vs 13.4%,p=0.001). Patients presenting undetectable HBV DNA levels displayed a significantly improved PFS as comparedto those who never achieved undetectable HBV DNA. Prophylaxis and e-antigen positivity were the only significantvariables associated with virologic events. In addition, prophylaxis was the only independent protective factor forhepatitis flares. Liver cirrhosis, more cycles of TACE, HBV DNA negativity, a lower Cancer of the Liver ItalianProgram score, non-metastasis and no hepatitis flares were protective factors for PFS. Prophylactic lamivudinedemonstrated similar efficacy as entecavir. Conclusions: Prophylactic agents are efficacious for prevention ofHBV reactivation in HCC patients receiving TACE. Achievement of undetectable HBV DNA levels displayeda significant capability in improving PFS. Moreover, persistent tumor residual lesions, positive HBV DNA andhepatitis B flares might be causes of tumor progression in these patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9635
9641
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30133_1d142a852616dec0bb89d119b230a2d4.pdf
Updated Meta-analysis on HER2 Polymorphisms and Risk of Breast Cancer: Evidence from 32 Studies
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Several studies have been performed to investigate the association of the HER2 Ile655Valpolymorphism and breast cancer risk. However, the results were inconsistent. To understand the preciserelationship, a meta-analysis was here conducted. Materials and Methods: A search of PubMed conducted toinvestigate links between the HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism and breast cancer, identified a total of 32 studies, ofwhich 29, including 14,926 cases and 15,768 controls, with odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals wereused to assess any association. Results: In the overall analysis, the HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism was associatedwith breast cancer in an additive genetic model (OR=1.136, 95% CI 1.043-1.239, p=0.004) and in a dominantgenetic (OR=1.118, 95% CI 1.020-1.227, p=0.018), while no association was found in a recessive genetic model.On subgroup analysis, an association with breast cancer was noted in the additive genetic model (OR=1.111,95% CI: 1.004-1.230, p=0.042) for the Caucasian subgroup. No significant associations were observed in Asiansand Africans in any of the genetic models. Conclusions: In summary, our meta-analysis findings suggest thatthe HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism is marginally associated with breast cancer susceptibility in worldwidepopulations with additive and dominant models, but not a recessive model.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9643
9647
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30134_8d8f8213218ca86f05b479884f43704e.pdf
High Rate of Advanced Colorectal Polyps in a 10-Year-Long Retrospective Study in Qazvin, Iran
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Polyps are common lesions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Colon cancer is mostly a resultof progression from polyps. The present study aimed to evaluate demographic, clinical, and histologicalcharacteristics of colorectal polyps in Iran, particularly neoplastic and advanced types. Materials and Methods:Over a period of 10 years, specimens of all colorectal polyps obtained from colonoscopy were studied. Thevariables subjected to statistical analysis were age, sex, and the chief clinical complaint of the patients whounderwent colonoscopy, their motivation, and the site, size, and histological types of detected polyps. The levelof significance was set at p value <0.05. Results: Data were obtained from a total of 352 patients. No differencewas seen between male and female patients regarding histological types. Only in nine patients was screening thereason for colonoscopy. Almost two-thirds (66.2%) of the polyps were neoplastic. Familial polyposis syndrome andinflammatory bowel disease were seen in 4.3% and 3.0% of the patients with neoplastic polyps, respectively. Sitesof polyps were the sigmoid, rectum, and descending colon in 40.1%, 34.5%, and 17% of the cases, respectively.The advanced type made up 58.8% of neoplastic polyps. Only 3.6% of the patients undergoing colonoscopy in thestudy period had biopsied polyps. Discussion: No difference was observed between male and female patients interms of overall incidence of polyps, histological and anatomical profiles, and mean age distribution. Anatomicaland histological profiles agreed with the studies performed in areas with a low risk of colon cancer. The findingsshow that colonoscopy was not performed when it was necessary. A meaningful increase in the number polypbiopsy cases and a corresponding decrease in polyp size in the last few years of the study can be associated withthe presence of more GI specialist clinicians in hospital centers, and this holds out much hope for the furtherimprovement of the situation in the future.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9649
9654
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30156_a17cf67733e58e3ed60bc285746ffbad.pdf
Roles of p53 and Caspases in Induction of Apoptosis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Treated with a Methanolic Extract of Nigella Sativa Seeds
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Nigella Sativa (NS) is an herb from the Ranunculaceae family that exhibits numerous medicinalproperties and has been used as important constituent of many complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs).The ability of NS to kill cancer cells such as PC3, HeLa and hepatoma cells is well established. However, ourunderstanding of the mode of death caused by NS remains nebulous. The objective of this study was to gainfurther insight into the mode and mechanism of death caused by NS in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Materialsand Methods: Human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were treated with a methanolic extract of NS, and a dose- andtime-dependent study was performed. The IC50 was calculated using a Cell Titer Blue® viability assay assay, andevidence for DNA fragmentation was obtained by fluorescence microscopy TUNEL assay. Gene expression wasalso profiled for a number of apoptosis-related genes (Caspase-3, -8, -9 and p53 genes) through qPCR. Results:The IC50 of MCF-7 cells was 62.8μL/mL. When MCF-7 cells were exposed to 50 μL/mL and 100 μL/mL NS for24h, 48h and 72h, microscopic examination (TUNEL assay) revealed a dose- and time-dependent increase inapoptosis. Similarly, the expression of the Caspase-3, -8, -9 and p53 genes increased significantly according to thedose and time. Conclusions: NS induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through both the p53 and caspase pathways.NS could potentially represent an alternative source of medicine for breast cancer therapy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9655
9660
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30157_2cb0f13bac9b125ae88a749da244966d.pdf
Prognostic Value of PLCE1 Expression in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
text
article
2014
eng
Background: A number of studies have identified a shared susceptibility locus in phospholipase C epsilon 1(PLCE1) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCA). However,the results of PLCE1 expression in esophageal and gastric cancer remain inconsistent and controversial.Moreover, the effects on clinicopathological features remain undetermined. This study aimed to provide aprecise quantification of the association between PLCE1 expression and the risk of ESCC and GCA throughmeta-analysis. Materials and Methods: Eligible studies were identified from PubMed, Wanfang Data, ISI Web ofScience, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Using RevMan5.2 software, pooled oddsratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to assess the association of PLCE1 expressionwith clinicopathological features relative to ESCC or GCA. Results: Seven articles were identified, including761 esophageal and gastric cancer cases and 457 controls. Overall, we determined that PLCE1 expression wasassociated with tumor progression in both esophageal cancers (pooled OR=5.93; 95%CI=3.86 to 9.11) and gastriccancers (pooled OR=9.73; 95%CI=6.46 to 14.7). Moreover, invasion depth (pooled OR=3.62; 95%CI=2.30 to5.70) and lymph node metastasis (pooled OR=4.21; 95%CI=2.69 to 6.59) were linked with PLCE1 expressionin gastric cancer. However, no significant associations were determined between PLCE1 overexpression andthe histologic grade, invasion depth, and lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer. Conclusions: Our metaanalysisresults indicated that upregulated PLCE1 is significantly associated with an increased risk of tumorprogression in ESCC and GCA. Therefore, PLCE1 expression can be appropriately regarded as a promisingbiomarker for ESCC and GCA patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9661
9666
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30158_e9e6b022cda735f78e5fdc49f73c62b7.pdf
Combination Doxorubicin and Interferon-α Therapy Stimulates Immunogenicity of Murine Pancreatic Cancer Panc02 Cells via Up-regulation of NKG2D ligands and MHC Class Ӏ
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a malignant gastrointestinal cancer with significant morbidity andmortality. Despite severe side effects of chemotherapy, the use of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy hasemerged as a common clinical treatment. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of the combined doxorubicinand interferon-α (IFN-α) therapy on murine pancreatic cancer Panc02 cells in vitro and in vivo and underlyingmechanisms. Materials and Methods: A Panc02-bearing mouse model was established to determine whetherdoxorubicin and interferon-α (IFN-α) could effectively inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Cytotoxicity of naturalkiller (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was evaluated using a standard LDH release assay. Toevaluate the relevance of NK cells and CD8 T cells to the combination therapy-mediated anti-tumor effects,they were depleted in tumor-bearing mice by injecting anti-asialo-GM-1 antibodies or anti-CD8 antibodies,respectively. Finally, the influence of doxorubicin+interferon-α (IFN-α) on the ligands of NK and T cells wasassessed by flow cytometry. Results: The combination therapy group demonstrated a significant inhibition ofgrowth of Panc02 in vivo, resulting from activated cytotoxicity of NK cells and CTLs. Depleting CD8 T cells orNK cells reduced the anticancer effects mediated by immunochemotherapy. Furthermore, the doxorubicin+IFN-atreatment increased the expression of major histocompatibility complex class Ӏ (MHC Ӏ) and NKG2D ligands onPanc02 cells, suggesting that the combined therapy may be a potential strategy for enhancing immunogenicityof tumors. All these data indicate that the combination therapy using doxorubicin and interferon-α (IFN-α) maybe a potential strategy for treating pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9667
9672
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30159_77aa264daf7933db24b0446a2152c9df.pdf
Exploring Factors Related to Metastasis Free Survival in Breast Cancer Patients Using Bayesian Cure Models
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Breast cancer is a fatal disease and the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women with anincreasing pattern worldwide. The burden is mostly attributed to metastatic cancers that occur in one-third ofpatients and the treatments are palliative. It is of great interest to determine factors affecting time from cancerdiagnosis to secondary metastasis. Materials and Methods: Cure rate models assume a Poisson distribution for thenumber of unobservable metastatic-component cells that are completely deleted from the non-metastasis patientbody but some may remain and result in metastasis. Time to metastasis is defined as a function of the numberof these cells and the time for each cell to develop a detectable sign of metastasis. Covariates are introduced tothe model via the rate of metastatic-component cells. We used non-mixture cure rate models with Weibull andlog-logistic distributions in a Bayesian setting to assess the relationship between metastasis free survival andcovariates. Results: The median of metastasis free survival was 76.9 months. Various models showed that fromcovariates in the study, lymph node involvement ratio and being progesterone receptor positive were significant,with an adverse and a beneficial effect on metastasis free survival, respectively. The estimated fraction of patientscured from metastasis was almost 48%. The Weibull model had a slightly better performance than log-logistic.Conclusions: Cure rate models are popular in survival studies and outperform other models under certainconditions. We explored the prognostic factors of metastatic breast cancer from a different viewpoint. In thisstudy, metastasis sites were analyzed all together. Conducting similar studies in a larger sample of cancer patientsas well as evaluating the prognostic value of covariates in metastasis to each site separately are recommended.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9673
9678
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30160_39011b7949f4d834de5b932a80ce6e61.pdf
Evaluation of Health-related Quality of Life for Hypothesized Medical States Associated with Cervical Cancer
text
article
2014
eng
Background: When evaluating health-economics for cervical cancer prevention policies in Japan, it isimportant to use Japanese value settings. This study aimed to obtain preference-based measures (preferencemeasures) for hypothesized health states among healthy Japanese women, and to examine differences betweenthe EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) and standard gamble (SG) instruments. Materials and Methods: The investigation wasperformed among female students at a nursing university. We used written hypothetical scenarios describingthree grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and eight stages of cervical cancer, both at diagnosisand after medical intervention. Preference measures were evaluated using both EQ-5D and SG. Results: Wereceived responses from 136 women. The mean number of respondents per stage was 24.6 (SD: 2.7). At diagnosis,average EQ-5D scores for CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, IA1, IA2, IB1, IB2, IIA, IIB, III, and IV stages were 0.84 (0.14),0.78 (0.12), 0.73 (0.10), 0.78 (0.12), 0.72 (0.12), 0.63 (0.13), 0.64 (0.12), 0.68 (0.08), 0.62 (0.13), 0.55 (0.21), and 0.18(0.24), respectively. Using one-way analysis of variance with the Tukey-Kramer method for multiple comparisons(each stage vs. CIN1), we found significant differences for IB1 and more advanced stages (p<0.05). After medicalintervention, corresponding EQ-5D scores were 0.84 (0.12), 0.81 (0.12), 0.84 (0.12), 0.80 (0.15), 0.78 (0.11), 0.64(0.15), 0.63 (0.15), 0.71 (0.15), 0.50 (0.17), 0.52 (0.17), 0.21 (0.28). The multiple comparisons identified significantdifferences for IB1 and more advanced stages, excepting IIA (p<0.05). SG evaluations were more variable andrelatively higher than EQ-5D evaluations. Conclusions: We obtained preference measures for three grades ofCIN1-3 and eight stages of cervical cancer. In combination with appropriate sensitivity analyses, these preferencemeasures will provide a basis for an economic evaluation of cervical cancer prevention in Japan. We suggestthat EQ-5D is appropriate for cost-utility analysis of this topic.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9679
9685
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30161_599228f642f741cf8dd3ce6e16ce6d2b.pdf
Prognostic Factors and Adjuvant Treatments for Surgically Treated Cancers of the Biliary Tract: A Multicentre Study of the Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology (ASMO)
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Biliary tract cancers are rare, and surgical resection is the standard treatment at early stages.However, reports on the benefits of adjuvant treatment following surgical resection are conflicting. This studyaimed to evaluate the factors affecting survival and adjuvant treatments in patients with surgically treated biliarytract cancers. Materials and Methods: Patient clinical features, adjuvant treatments, and efficacy and prognosticfactor data were evaluated. Survival analyses were performed using SPSS 15.0. Results: The median overallsurvival was 30.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.4-42.9 months). Median survival was 19 months (95%CI, 6-33) for patients treated with fluorouracil based chemotherapy and 53 months (95% CI, 33.2-78.8) withgemcitabine based chemotherapy(p=0.033). On univariate analysis, poor prognostic factors for survival weregalbladder localization, perineural invasion, hepatic invasion, a lack of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy treatment,and a lack of lymph node dissection. On multivariate analysis, perineural invasion was a poor prognostic factor(p=0.008). Conclusions: Biliary tract cancers generally have poor prognoses. The main factors affecting survivalare tumour localization, perineural invasion, hepatic invasion, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and lymph nodedissection. Gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy is more effective than 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9687
9692
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30162_eefc0173a4b2e168b0a924aa8e86bfcd.pdf
Lack of Association of the Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene 8473T>C Polymorphism with Breast Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Associations between the 8473T>C polymorphism (rs5275) in the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)gene and breast cancer (BC) risk are still inconclusive and ambiguous. The aim of this meta-analysis was tocomprehensively estimate the genetic risk of 8473T>C polymorphism in the COX-2 gene for BC. Materials andMethods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Chinese biomedical (CBM), Weipu, China nationalknowledge infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases, covering all publications (last search was updated onAug 17, 2014). Statistical analyses were performed using Revman 5.3 and STATA 10.0 software. Results: A totalof 6,720 cases and 9,794 controls in 12 studies were included in this study. The results indicated no significantassociations between the 8473T>C polymorphism of the COX-2 gene and BC risk for the CC+TC vs TT model(pooled odds ratio (OR)=0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.90-1.03, and p=0.29). On subgroup analysis, wealso found that subdivision on ethnicity among Caucasians, Asians and others also revealed no relationshipwith BC susceptibility. With the study design (CC+TC vs TT), no significant associations were found in eitherpopulation-based case-control studies (PCC), or hospital-based case-control studies (HCC). Conclusions: Thispresent meta-analysis suggests that the 8473T>C polymorphism in the COX-2 gene is not a conspicuous lowpenetrantrisk factor for developing BC.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9693
9698
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30163_729402f5222843e09dfbd729121feb5d.pdf
The XPD Lys751Gln Polymorphism has Predictive Value in Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy: a Systemic Review and Meta-analysis
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The predictive value of the xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) Lys751Gln polymorphismregarding clinical outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapyhas been evaluated in numerous published studies, but the results remain inconclusive. Therefore, we performeda meta-analysis to determine the precise role of the XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism in this clinical situation andoptimize individual chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: A multiple search strategy was used to identify eligiblestudies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs), generalized odds ratio (ORG) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) wereused to estimate the objective response, while hazard ratios (HRs) with 95%CIs were used for progression-freesurvival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 17 studies including 2,286 patients met the inclusioncriteria. Overall, the XPD 751Gln allele was associated with a non-significant reduced objective response tooxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in all patients or in the Asian and Caucasian subgroups. However, poor PFSand OS of CRC patients treated with oxaliplatin-based regimens were significantly related to the XPD 751Glnallele in the dominant model (PFS: HR=2.10, 95%CI: 1.65-2.67; OS: HR=3.18, 95%CI: 1.57-6.47). On stratifiedanalysis by ethnicity, these relationships were more pronounced in Asians (PFS: HR=2.49, 95%CI: 1.79-3.47;OS: HR=5.25, 95%CI: 3.46-7.94) than in Caucasians (PFS: HR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.22-2.46; OS: HR=1.78, 95%CI:1.06-2.99). Conclusions: The XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism may have prognostic value in patients with CRCundergoing oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9699
9706
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30164_453b74a7fd40094d478c7f1ddc5167f9.pdf
Lack of Association between Polymorphisms in Genes MTHFR and MDR1 with Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a complex disease caused by interactions betweenhazardous exogenous or/and endogenous agents and many mild effect inherited susceptibility mutations. Someof them are known, but their functional roles still requireinvestigation. Age is a recognized risk factor; childrenwith disease onset after the age of ten have worse prognosis, presumably also triggered by inherited factors.Materials and Methods: The MDR1 gene polymorphisms rs1045642, rs2032582 and MTHFR gene polymorphismsrs1801131 and rs1801133 were genotyped in 68 ALL patients in remission and 102 age and gender matchedcontrols; parental DNA samples were also available for 42 probands. Results: No case control association wasfound between analyzed polymorphisms and a risk of childhood ALL development. Linkage disequilibrium wasnot observed in a family-based association study either. Only marginal association was observed between geneticmarker rs2032582A and later disease onset (p=0.04). Conclusions: Our data suggest that late age of ALL onsetcould be triggered by mild effect common alleles.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9707
9711
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30165_79dc39e96c9ae344b99b75dc344179e4.pdf
Clinical Significance of Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Complement 3a Levels in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Southern Iran
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Colon cancer (CRC) is perhaps the second most common cause of cancer mortality. This studydetermined the clinical significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and serum complement3a (C3a) levels in patients with CRC in Fars province, southern Iran. Materials and Methods: Between June2010 and June 2012, 110 patients with CRC of both genders and different age groups were divided into 3 groups.Group A included patients who had just undergone surgery; Group B had undergone chemotherapy after surgery;and Group C had undergone chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery. Twenty one healthy subjects withnormal colonoscopy were considered as a control group. ELISA was undertaken to determine VEGF and C3alevels before and after treatment measures. Results: The mean age of patients was 53.9±14.1 years. ConsideringVEGF level, a significant decrease was visible after treatment measures in groups A and B, but not Group C.For VEGF level, the difference was not statistically significant between two genders and various age groupsbefore and after treatment. No significant difference was found for VEGF level between patients and normalgroup before any treatment. Regarding C3a levels in 101 subjects, they significantly decreased after treatmentmeasures. Before and after treatment, the difference was statistically significant between two genders, but wasnot statistically significant among various age groups. Conclusions: As VEGF and C3a levels were significantlylower in patients after treatment, these may be beneficial markers in assessment of CRC therapy especially inearly stages.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9713
9717
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30166_0973a4e6eceb841f9af2143bf45ac44a.pdf
Health Disparities between Black Hispanic and Black Non-Hispanic Cervical Cancer Cases in the USA
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Globally, cervical cancer is a major public health concern. Cervical cancer is the second mostcommon cancer among women, resulting in approximately 500,000 cases per year. The purpose of this study isto compare disease characteristics between Black Hispanic (BH) and Black non-Hispanic (BNH) women in theUS. Materials and Methods: We used stratified random sampling to select cervical cancer patient records fromthe SEER database (1973-2009). We used Chi-square and independent samples t-test to examine differences inproportions and means. Results: The sample included 2,000 cervical cancer cases of Black non-Hispanic and 91Black Hispanic women. There were statistically significant differences between black Hispanic and black non-Hispanics in mean age at diagnosis (p<0.001), mean survival time (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.001), primarysite of cancer (p<0.001); lymph node involvement (p<0.001); grading and differentiation (p<0.0001); and tumorbehavior (p<0.001). Black women were more likely to develop cervical cancer and to have the highest mortalityrates from the disease. Conclusions: Findings from this study show clear racial and ethnic disparities in cervicalcancer incidence and prognosis that should be addressed.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9719
9723
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30167_4c956490030f7cf6ac59398e21f1619f.pdf
Increased Sister Chromatid Exchange in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Humans Exposed to Pesticide: Evidence Based on a Meta-analysis
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes is one of the mostextensively studied biomarkers employed to evaluate genetic damage subsequent to pesticide exposure. Objective:To estimate the pooled levels of SCE in human peripheral blood lymphocytes among population exposed topesticide. Materials and Methods: Meta-analysis on the association between SCE frequency and pesticide exposurewas performed with STATA 10.0 software package and Review Manager 5.0.24 in this study. Results: The overallmeans of SCE were 7.88 [95% confidence intervals (95%CI): 6.71-9.04] for exposure group and 6.05 (95%CI:5.13-6.95) for controls, respectively. There was statistically significant difference in the SCE frequency in humanperipheral blood lymphocytes between pesticide-exposed groups and control groups, and the summary estimateof weighted mean difference was 1.69 (95%CI: 1.01-2.38). We also observed that pesticide-exposed populationhad significantly higher SCE frequency than control groups among smokers, nonsmokers, pesticide applicator,pesticide producer, other exposure population and Asian population in stratified analyses. Conclusions: Dataindicate that the SCE frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytes might be an indicator of early geneticesffects for pesticide-exposed populations.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9725
9730
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30168_3b3eb008f27a9bddd82ca5fc30469694.pdf
Modeling Age-specific Cancer Incidences Using Logistic Growth Equations: Implications for Data Collection
text
article
2014
eng
Large scale secular registry or surveillance systems have been accumulating vast data that allow mathematicalmodeling of cancer incidence and mortality rates. Most contemporary models in this regard use time series andAPC (age-period-cohort) methods and focus primarily on predicting or analyzing cancer epidemiology withlittle attention being paid to implications for designing cancer registry, surveillance or evaluation initiatives.This research models age-specific cancer incidence rates using logistic growth equations and explores theirperformance under different scenarios of data completeness in the hope of deriving clues for reshaping relevantdata collection. The study used China Cancer Registry Report 2012 as the data source. It employed 3-parameterlogistic growth equations and modeled the age-specific incidence rates of all and the top 10 cancers presented inthe registry report. The study performed 3 types of modeling, namely full age-span by fitting, multiple 5-yearsegmentfitting and single-segment fitting. Measurement of model performance adopted adjusted goodness of fitthat combines sum of squred residuals and relative errors. Both model simulation and performance evalationutilized self-developed algorithms programed using C# languade and MS Visual Studio 2008. For models builtupon full age-span data, predicted age-specific cancer incidence rates fitted very well with observed values formost (except cervical and breast) cancers with estimated goodness of fit (Rs) being over 0.96. When a givencancer is concerned, the R valuae of the logistic growth model derived using observed data from urban residentswas greater than or at least equal to that of the same model built on data from rural people. For models basedon multiple-5-year-segment data, the Rs remained fairly high (over 0.89) until 3-fourths of the data segmentswere excluded. For models using a fixed length single-segment of observed data, the older the age covered by thecorresponding data segment, the higher the resulting Rs. Logistic growth models describe age-specific incidencerates perfectly for most cancers and may be used to inform data collection for purposes of monitoring andanalyzing cancer epidemic. Helped by appropriate logistic growth equations, the work vomume of contemporarydata collection, e.g., cancer registry and surveilance systems, may be reduced substantially.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9731
9737
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30169_f8bfbb9d7803db970444c59f90f2e85a.pdf
Hormone Receptor, HER2/NEU and EGFR Expression in Ovarian Carcinoma - is here a Prognostic Phenotype?
text
article
2014
eng
Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effects of hormone receptor, HER2, and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) expression on epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) prognosis and investigate whether or not phenotypicsubtypes might exist. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 82 patients who were diagnosed with EOCbetween 2003 and 2012 and treated by platinum-based chemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. Expressionof EGFR, oestrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and cerbB2 (HER2) receptors were assessed immunohistochemicallyon paraffin-embedded tissues of these patients. Three phenotypic subtypes were defined according to ER, PR,and HER2 expression and associations of these with EGFR expression, clinicopathologic features, platinumsensitivity, and survival were investigated. Results: When we classified EOC patients into three subtypes,63.4% had hormone receptor positive (HR(+)) (considering breast cancer subtypes, luminal A), 18.3% hadtriple negative, and 18.3% had HER2(+) disease. EGFR positivity was observed in 37 patients (45.1%) and wassignificantly more frequent with advanced disease (p=0.013). However, no significant association with otherclinicopathologic features and platinum sensitivity was observed. HER2(+) patients had significantly pooreroutcomes than HER2(-) counterparts (triple negative and HR positive patients) (p=0.019). Multivariate analysisdemonstrated that the strongest risk factor for death was residual disease after primary surgery. Conclusions:Triple negative EOC may not be an aggressive phenotype as in breast cancer. The HER2 positive EOC has moreaggressive behaviour compared to triple negative and HR(+) phenotypes. EGFR expression is more frequentin advanced tumours, but is not related with poorer outcome. Additional ovarian cancer molecular subtypingusing gene expression analysis may provide more reliable data.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9739
9745
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30170_ae20a31ad5991b36a2e7e47293ab7707.pdf
Epidemiology and Prevention of Prostate Cancer in Vietnam
text
article
2014
eng
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide and a leading cause of mortality.Incidences continues to rise and vary substantially between populations. Although the prevalence of prostatecancer is relatively low in Vietnam, some hospital-based reports have shown an upward trend in recent years.While certain non-modifiable factors such as age, race and genetics are known to be mainly responsible, theliterature has also suggested that environmental exposures can delay the onset of this disease. The present studyprovides a review of the epidemiology of prostate cancer in Vietnam by systematically searching several electronicdatabases. The results confirm an increasing trend of prostate cancer over the past decade, with age-standardisedrate more than doubled from 2.2 per 100,000 men in 2000 to 4.7 per 100,000 men in 2010. However, no study hasbeen found on modifiable risk factors, with the exception of one in vitro experiment that showed the inhibitoryeffect of garlic on the growth of prostate cancer cells. The lack of epidemiological information poses a difficultyto develop public health interventions to prevent this emerging malignant disease in Vietnam.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9747
9751
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30171_d85b498250960539acb2b9dc53348e2d.pdf
Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment in National Cancer Centers in Nepal
text
article
2014
eng
Purpose: To study the quality of life and to identify associated factors among breast cancer patients undergoingtreatment in national cancer centers in Nepal. Materials and Methods: One hundred breast cancer patients wereselected and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. European Organization of Research and Treatmentof Cancer EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EORTC-QLQ-BR23 were used to assess quality of life and modified MedicalOutcome Study -Social Support survey(mMOS-SS) was used to assess social support. Only multi-item scales ofEORTC C30 and BR23 were analyzed for relationships. Independent sample T-tests and ANOVA were appliedto analyze differences in mean scores. Results: The score of global health status/quality of life (GHS/GQoL) wasmarginally above average (mean=52.8). The worst performed scales in C-30 were emotional and social functionwhile best performed scales were physical and role function. In BR-23, most of the patients fell into the problematicgroup regarding sexual function and enjoyment. Almost 90% had financial difficulties. Symptom scales did notdemonstrate many problems. Older individuals, patients with stage I breast cancer and thosewith good socialsupport were found to have good GHS/GQoL. Of all the influencing factors, social support was established tohave strong statistical associations with most of the functional scales: GHS/GQoL (0.003), emotional function(<0.001), cognitive function (0.020), social function (<0.001) and body image function (0.011). Body image wassignificantly associated with most of the influencing factors: monthly family income (0.003), type of treatment(<0.001), type of surgery (<0.001), stage of cancer (0.017) and social support (0.011). Conclusions: Strategies toimprove social support of the patients undergoing treatment should be given priority and financial difficultiesfaced by breast cancer patients should be well addressed from a policy making level by initiating health financingsystem.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9753
9757
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30172_926ffe0283c3edf3f50380d7dcc1f454.pdf
Comparison of Primary Breast Cancer Size by Mammography and Sonography
text
article
2014
eng
Purpose: To compare tumor size by mammography and sonography and align with pathological results inprimary breast cancer cases. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 95 primary breast cancerpatients who underwent mammography and sonography from January 2011 to June 2012. The largest tumordiameter was chosen as sizing reference for each imaging modality. The measurements of mammography andsonography were considered concordant if they were within the measurement of pathological results±0.5cm.Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated for imaging results. Results: The range of the maximum diameterwas 0.6cm-10.5cm and mean value was 3.81±2.04 cm by pathological results, 0.7cm-12.4 cm and 3.99±2.19 cmby mammography, and 0.9cm-11.0cm and 3.63±2.01 cm by sonography, respectively. Sonography (R: 0.754),underestimated tumor size, but had a better correlation with pathological tumor size compared to mammography(R: 0.676), which overestimated tumor size. Conclusions: Sonography is superior to mammography in assessmentof primary breast cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9759
9761
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30173_0b4e54d4d5718ee82c2b30356ac9b312.pdf
Ifosfamide-containing Regimens for Treating Patients with Osteosarcomas
text
article
2014
eng
Background: This systemic analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an ifosfamidecontainingregimen in treating patients with osteosarcoma. Methods: Clinical studies evaluating the efficacy andsafety of Ifosfamide-containing regimen on response and safety for patients with osteosarcoma were identifiedby using a predefined search strategy. Pooled response rate (RR) of treatment were calculated. Results: Whenifosfamide-containing regimens were evaluated, 4 clinical studies which including 134 patients with osteosarcomawere considered eligible for inclusion. Systemic analysis suggested that, in all patients, pooled RR was 44.8%(60/134) in ifosfamide-containing regimens. Major adverse effects were neutropenia, leukopenia, and fatigueinIfosfamide-containing regimens; No treatment related death occurred in cantharidin combined regimens.Conclusion: This systemic analysis suggests that ifosfamide-containing regimens are associated with goodresponse rate and acceptable toxicity in treating patients with osteosarcoma, but this result should be confirmedby randomized clinical trials.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9763
9766
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30174_a479a43fb8c0036c8d209695ca8c2afe.pdf
Social Support and its Predictors Among Iranian Cancer Survivors
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Social support is an important factor in psycho-social well-being of cancer survivors. Thereis little information about level of social support and its predictors among cancer survivors in Iran or otherMiddle Eastern countries. The aims of present study were to determine the social support and its predictionfactors among Iranian cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study 187cancer patients in one educational center and one private oncology office in northwest of Iran participated usinga convenient sampling method. The data collection tool consisted of a researcher-prepared checklist and theMultidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Assessment (MSPSS). Data analysis was performed usingSPSS statistical software with descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The totalscore of MSPSS was 68 from a possible score between 7 and 84. Participants believed that they received a highlevel of support from their family members and significant others. Multiple linear regression analysis showedthat single and depressed cancer survivors and participants with lower levels of physical activity believed thatthey received lower levels of social support. Conclusions: Iranian cancer survivors receive high levels of socialsupport and family members are the most important source of this support. In planning any supportive careprogram for Iranian cancer survivors this strength should be considered. Especially, single and depressed andpatients with lower levels of physical activity need more attention.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9767
9771
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30175_da713685aabeb11b38485a6cf7b1d602.pdf
Prevalence of Colorectal Polyps in a Group of Subjects at Average-risk of Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Colonoscopic Screening in Tehran, Iran between 2008 and 2013
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the prime causes of mortality around the globe, with asignificantly rising incidence in the Middle East region in recent decades. Since detection of CRC in the earlystages is an important issue, and also since to date there are no comprehensive epidemiologic studies depictingthe Middle East region with special attention to the average risk group, further investigation is of significantnecessity in this regard. Aim: Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesionsof the colon in an average risk population. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,208 eligible asymptomatic,average- risk adults older than 40 years of age, referred to Firuzgar Hospotal in the years 2008-2012, wereenrolled. They underwent colonoscopy screening and all polypoid lesions were removed and examined by anexpert gastrointestinal pathologist. The lesions were classified by size, location, numbers and pathologic findings.Size of lesions was measured objectively by endoscopists. Results: The mean age of participants was 56.5 ± 9.59and 51.6% were male. The overall polyp detection rate was 199/1208 (16.5 %), 26 subjects having non-neoplasticpolyps, including hyperplastic lesions, and 173/1208 (14.3%) having neoplastic polyps, of which 26 (2.15%) wereadvanced neoplasms .The prevalence of colorectal neoplasia was more common among the 50-59 age group.Advanced adenoma was more frequent among the 60-69 age group. The majority of adenomas were detectedin the distal colon, but a quarter of advanced adenomas were found in the proximal colon; advance age andmale gender was associated with the presence of adenoma. Conclusions: It seems that CRC screening amongaverage-risk population might be recommended in countries such as Iran. However, sigmioidoscopy alone wouldmiss many colorectal adenomas. Furthermore, the 50-59 age group could be considered as an appropriate targetpopulation for this purpose in Iran.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9773
9779
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30176_83a535e86f49ded0af2c6276ea105473.pdf
May the Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio be a Prognostic Factor for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer?
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The study aimed to evaluate changes in hematologic parameters, including white blood cell,platelet count, platelet indices, the platelet to lymphocyte and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios in patients withearly and advanced stages of epithelial ovarian cancers. Materials and Methods: The study included 100 patientswith epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent primary staging exploratory laparotomy. Preoperative hematologicparameters, tumor histopathologic type, grade, stage and serum CA-125 levels were retrospectively analyzed.These parameters were compared between the patients with early (stage I-II) and advanced (stage III-IV) ovariancancer. Results: White blood cell count and platelet indices, including mean platelet volume, platelet distributionwidth and platelet crit did not show a statistically significant difference between groups with early and advancedovarian cancer. However, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet count, the platelet to lymphocyte ratioand CA-125 level showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001,p<0.01 respectively). Conclusions: It was found that the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet count and theplatelet to lymphocyte ratio increased with the increasing stage of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, it was seen thatthe platelet to lymphocyte ratio is an independent prognostic factor related to the stage of epithelial ovariancancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9781
9784
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30177_fc0af8c9d3556a6cd91fcf47821ab248.pdf
Association of Urinary Cesium with Breast Cancer Risk
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The aim of this study is to examine the association of urinary cesium with breast cancer risk.Materials and Methods: We collected survey data and urine specimens from 240 women with incident invasivebreast cancer before their treatment and 246 age-matched female controls between October 2009 and July2010. Urinary concentrations of cesium were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Interviews were conducted by face-to-face to obtain information on potential breast cancer risk factors. Logisticregression analysis was used to estimate the associations. Results: Creatinine-adjusted levels [median (25th, 75th)ug/g] of cesium in cases and controls were 17.6 (13.1, 24.0) and 19.3 (15.3, 25.7), respectively. After adjustmentfor potential risk factors, women in the second and highest tertile of cesium showed a decreased risk of breastcancer in a dose-dependent manner as compared with those in the lowest tertile [ORs and 95% CIs: 0.75 (0.46-1.22) and 0.50 (0.30-0.82), respectively]. This decrease was more evident in women with ER positive or localizedclinical stage in an exploratory stratification analysis. Conclusions: These findings suggest that cesium may haveanticancer efficacy and urinary cesium has potential as a biomarker for breast cancer risk assessment.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9785
9790
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30178_9019818687ce7a18c312d70f008f4548.pdf
Gene Microarray Assessment of Multiple Genes and Signal Pathways Involved in Androgen-dependent Prostate Cancer Becoming Androgen Independent
text
article
2014
eng
To study the gene expression change and possible signal pathway during androgen-dependent prostate cancer(ADPC) becoming androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC), an LNCaP cell model of AIPC was establishedusing flutamide in combination with androgen-free environment inducement, and differential expression geneswere screened by microarray. Then the biological process, molecular function and KEGG pathway of differentialexpression genes are analyzed by Molecule Annotation System (MAS). By comparison of 12,207 expressiongenes, 347 expression genes were acquired, of which 156 were up-ragulated and 191 down-regulated. Afteranalyzing the biological process and molecule function of differential expression genes, these genes are foundto play crucial roles in cell proliferation, differntiation, cell cycle control, protein metabolism and modificationand other biological process, serve as signal molecules, enzymes, peptide hormones, cytokines, cytoskeletalproteins and adhesion molecules. The analysis of KEGG show that the relevant genes of AIPC transformationparticipate in glutathione metabolism, cell cycle, P53 signal pathway, cytochrome P450 metabolism, Hedgehogsignal pathway, MAPK signal pathway, adipocytokines signal pathway, PPAR signal pathway, TGF-β signalpathway and JAK-STAT signal pathway. In conclusion, during the process of ADPC becoming AIPC, it is notonly one specific gene or pathway, but multiple genes and pathways that change. The findings above lay thefoundation for study of AIPC mechanism and development of AIPC targeting drugs.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9791
9795
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30179_5529b08c66668a23c261a5d22fac4d88.pdf
Alu Methylation in Serum from Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common cancer in Southern China and Southeast Asia.Alu elements are among the most prevalent repetitive sequences and constitute 11% of the human genome.Although Alu methylation has been evaluated in many types of cancer, few studies have examined the levels ofthis modification in serum from NPC patients. Objective: To compare the Alu methylation levels and patternsbetween serum from NPC patients and normal controls. Materials and Methods: Sera from 50 NPC patientsand 140 controls were examined. Quantitative combined bisulfite restriction analysis-Alu (qCOBRA-Alu) wasapplied to measure Alu methylation levels and characterize Alu methylation patterns. Amplified products wereclassified into four patterns according to the methylation status of 2 CpG sites: hypermethylated (methylationat both loci), partially methylated (methylation of either of the two loci), and hypomethylated (unmethylatedat both loci). Results: A comparison of normal control sera with NPC sera revealed that the latter presented asignificantly lower methylation level (p=0.0002) and a significantly higher percentage of hypomethylated loci(p=0.0002). The sensitivity of the higher percentage of Alu hypomethyted loci for distinguishing NPC patients fromnormal controls was 96%. Conclusions: Alu elements in the circulating DNA of NPC patients are hypomethylated.Moreover, Alu hypomethylated loci may represent a potential biomarker for NPC screening.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9797
9800
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30180_b653101b8630e59e3676c2c28e658594.pdf
Detection Rate of Colorectal Adenoma or Cancer in Unselected Colonoscopy Patients: Indonesian Experience in a Private Hospital
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Colorectal cancer is currently the third most common cancer in Indonesia, yet colonoscopy - themost accepted mode of screening to date - is not done routinely and national data are still lacking. Objective: Todetermine the detection rate of colorectal cancers and adenomas in unselected patients undergoing colonoscopyfor various large bowel symptoms at the Digestive Disease and GI Oncology Centre, Medistra Hospital in Jakarta,Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Colonoscopy data from January 2009 to December 2012 were reviewed.New patients referred for colonoscopy were included. Data collected were patient demographic and significantcolonoscopy findings such as the presence of hemorrhoids, colonic polyps, colonic diverticula, inflammation,and tumor mass. Histopathological data were obtained for specimens taken by biopsy. Associations betweencategorical variables were analyzed using chi-square test, while mean differences were tested using the t-test.Results: A total of, 1659 cases were included in this study, 889 (53.6%) of them being men. Polyps or masses werefound in 495 (29.8%) patients while malignancy was confirmed in 74 (4.5%). Patients with a polyp or mass weresignificantly older (60.2 vs 50.8 years; p<0.001; t-test) and their presence was significantly associated with malegender (35.0% vs 23.9%; prevalent ratio [PR] 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38-2.12; p<0.001) and age>50 years (39.6% vs 16.6%; PR 3.29; 95% CI 2.59-4.12; p<0.001). Neoplastic lesions was found in 257 (16.1%),comprising 180 (11.3%) adenomas, 10 (0.6%) in situ carcinomas, and 67 (4.2%) carcinomas. Conclusions: Polypsor masses were found in 30% of colonoscopy patients and malignancies in 16.1%. These figures do not representthe nation-wide demographic status of colorectal cancer, but may reflect a potentially increasing major healthproblem with colorectal cancer in Indonesia.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9801
9804
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30181_ac1847d2501249e2278e8e60e32ab51d.pdf
Radixin Knockdown by RNA Interference Suppresses Human Glioblastoma Cell Growth in Vitro and in Vivo
text
article
2014
eng
Radixin, a member of the ERM (ezrin–radixin–moesin) family, plays important roles in cell motility, invasionand tumor progression. It is expressed in a variety of normal and neoplastic cells, including many types ofepithelial and lymphoid examples. However, its function in glioblastomas remains elusive. Thus, in this study,radixin gene expression was first examined in the glioblastoma cells, then suppressed with a lentivirus-mediatedshort-hairpin RNA (shRNA) method.We found that there were high levels of radixin expression in glioblastomaU251cells. Radixin shRNA caused down-regulation of radixin gene expression and when radixin-silenced cellswere implanted into nude mice, tumor growth was significantly inhibited as compared to blank control cells or nonsenseshRNA cells. In addition, microvessel density in the tumors was significantly reduced. Thrombospondin-1(TSP-1) and E-cadherin were up-regulated in radixin- suppressed glioblastoma U251 cells. In contrast, MMP9was down-regulated. Taken together, our findings suggest that radixin is involved in GBM cell migration andinvasion, and implicate TSP-1, E-cadherin and MMP9 as metastasis-inducing factors.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9805
9812
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30182_be2f524578101371f983a6b0306f8914.pdf
Evidence Based Analysis of Cisplatin for Treating Patients with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
text
article
2014
eng
Background: This analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cisplatin based chemotherapyfor treating patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Clinical studies evaluating the efficacy andsafety of cisplatin based regimens on response and safety for patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma wereidentified using a predefined search strategy. Pooled response rates (RR) of treatment were calculated. Results:In cisplatin based regimens, 4 clinical studies which including 50 patients with advanced cutaneous squamouscell carcinoma were considered eligible for inclusion. Regimens included cisplatin, doxorubicin, or vindesine.Pooled analysis suggested that, in all patients, the pooled RR was 60% (30/50) in cisplatin based regimens. Nauseaand vomiting were the main side effects. No grade III or IV renal or liver toxicity were observed. No treatmentrelated death occurred with the cisplatin based treatments. Conclusion: Evidence based analysis suggests thatcisplatin based regimens are associated with a good response rate and acceptable toxicity for treating patientswith cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9813
9815
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30183_da3f7fc48463445bc9a408fe7765fd2a.pdf
Health Beliefs and Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors among Iranian Female Health Workers
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Breast cancer is a serious health problem. Early detection is crucial for optimal treatment andreducing mortality. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate health beliefs concerning performance ofbreast self- examination (BSE) and mammography in a sample of Iranian female health workers. Materialsand Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 441 female health care workers (physicians=88,nurses=163, midwives=38, officers=68, and others=84) in 3 different health centers in Yazd, Iran. Data werecollected using a self administered questionnaire which included demographic characteristics and thenPersianversion of the Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Results: The mean age of the participants was34.7±13.7. It was found that 41.9% of the workers performed BSE in the past and 14.9% of them regularly,but only 10.6% of them had undergone a mammogram. Perceived barriers to BSE (F=6.351, P=0.021) andmammography (F=5.214, p=0.022) were significantly higher in officers than physicians, nurses or midwives.Perceived barriers were lower among those who had performed BSE and mammography, but not significant(p=0.34 and p=0.56, respectively). Furthermore, perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits of the workerswho had BSE and mammography were significantly higher than who did not (p<0.05). Perceived seriousness wasnot a significant variable in BSE and mammography (p=0.71 and p=0.43, respectively). Conclusions: The healthbeliefs of health workers concerning the perceived susceptibility of breast cancer and the perceived benefits BSEand mammography significantly impact their screening practices.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9817
9822
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30184_75c2a2cddd34a4aaabd7d2375d0e069e.pdf
Comparative Outcome of Thai Pediatric Osteosarcoma Treated with Two Protocols: the Role of High-Dose Methotrexate (HDMTX) in a Single Institute Experience
text
article
2014
eng
Background: High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is recognized as an efficient component of therapy againstpediatric osteosarcoma in combination with other drugs such as cisplatin (CDP), carboplatin (CBDCA),doxorubicin (ADM), etoposide (VP-16) and ifosfamide (IFO). Objectives: To demonstrate the feasibility andeffectiveness of the HD-MTX/CDP/DOX/VP-16/IFO [MTX(+)] protocol comparable to CDP/ADM/CBDCA/IFO[MTX(-)] for treating childhood osteosarcoma at Ramathibodi Hospital (1999-2014). Materials and Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of osteosarcoma patients aged less than 18 years treated with twochemotherapeutic regimens between 1999 and 2014. A total of 45 patients received the MTX(-) and 21 the MTX(+)protocol. Results: Overall limb-salvage and amputation rate were 12.9% and 77.7%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis results for 3-year disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) regardless of treatmentregimens were 43.4±6.0% and 53.2±6.1% respectively. The 3-year DFS and OS were improved significantlywith the MTX(+) protocol compared to MTX(-) protocol (p=0.010 and p=0.009, log rank test) [69.8±10.5%,79.8±9.1% for MTX(+) and 31.1±6.9%, 42.2±7.4% for MTX(-) protocol, respectively]. Patients with metastaticosteosarcoma treated with the MTX(+) protocol had statistically significant higher 3-year DFS and OS thanthose treated with the MTX(-) protocol (66.7±13.6% and 15.0±8.0% for 3-year DFS, p=0.010, 73.3±13.2% and20±8.9% for 3-year OS, p=0.006, respectively). The independent risk factors for having inferior 3-year DFSand OS were poor histological response (tumor necrosis <90%) and treatment with the MTX(-) protocol. Themultivariate analysis identified only the treatment with the MTX(-) protocol as an independent predictor ofinferior OS with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.53 (95% confidence interval of 1.2-10.41, p=0.022). Conclusions: Ourstudy demonstrated the tolerability, feasibility and efficacy of the HDMTX-based regimen improving the survivalrate in pediatric osteosarcoma cases, in line with reports from developed countries.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9823
9829
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30185_4de81c408a044dc5bedfd4be01e43bf6.pdf
Clinical Features of Patients with Esophageal and Second Primary Cancers
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The prevalence of esophageal cancer (EC) with second primary cancers (SPC) is increasingworldwide. This study was aimed to understand the clinical features of EC patients with SPC in the Taiwanesepopulation. Materials and Methods: Clinical and laboratory data for 180 EC patients with or without SPC werecollected between January 2009 and December 2013. Information on treatment approaches, location of SPCsand ABO blood type were also collected and stratified. Results: The most common SPC in EC patients washypopharyngeal cancer, followed by laryngeal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma in our study. Malignanciesof colon, prostate and lung were also found. There was a significant higher portion of blood type A in the ECpatients with SPC compared with those without (42.4% vs 19.5%, P=0.006). Conclusions: The frequency andSPC site distribution and blood type A should be considered in clinical evaluation of EC patients with a highrisk of developing SPC in the Taiwanese population.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9831
9834
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30186_1308953284e807d74639c8a68cc1aedd.pdf
Interference of Fisetin with Targets of the Nuclear Factor-κB Signal Transduction Pathway Activated by Epstein-Barr Virus Encoded Latent Membrane Protein 1
text
article
2014
eng
Fisetin is an effective compound extracted from lacquer which has been used in the treatment of variousdiseases. Preliminary data indicate that it also exerts specific anti-cancer effects. However, the manner in whichfisetin regulates cancer growth remains unknown. In this study, we elucidated interference of fisetin with targetsof the nuclear factor κB signal transduction pathway activated by Epstein-Barr virus encoding latent membraneprotein 1 (LMP1)in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells, Results showed that fisetin inhibited the survivalrate of CNE-LMP1 cells and NF-κB activation caused by LMP1. Fisetin also suppressed nuclear translocationof NF-κB (p65) and IκBα phosphorylation, while inhibiting CyclinD1, all key targets of the NF-κB signaltransduction pathway. It was suggested that interference effects of fisetin with signal transduction activated byLMP1 encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus may play an important role in its anticancer potential.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9835
9839
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30187_5959b1f12c5a0f7bdb9cdf828fce4949.pdf
Significant Association of Metabolic Indices, Lipid Profile, and Androgen Levels with Prostate Cancer
text
article
2014
eng
Objectives: To compare the metabolic indices, lipid profile, androgens, and prostate specific antigen betweenprostate cancer and BPH and between grades of prostate cancer in a cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods:The study enrolled 95 cases of prostate cancer and 95 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostate glandvolume was measured using transrectal ultrasound. We compared insulin, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone,prostate specific antigen levels and lipid profile between prostate cancer of different grades and BPH. Further,prostate cancer patients were classified into low grade and high grade. Unpaired t-test for normally distributedvariables and Man-Whitney U test for non-normal variables were used to assess differences. Results: We foundthat prostate cancer patients had significantly higher levels of insulin, testosterone, PSA, cholesterol, triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in comparison to their BPH counterparts.Higher levels of these parameters also correlated with a higher grade of the disease. Conclusions: We concludethat higher levels of insulin, testosterone, PSA, and cholesterol correlate with a higher risk of prostate cancer,and also with a higher grade of the disease.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9841
9846
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30188_56cd6af5fe9031a5d88642e14abdf573.pdf
Decreased HDL-Dependent Paraoxonase and Arylesterase Enzyme Activity May Indicate a Worse Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological cancer characterized by clonal proliferation ofplasma cells.The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and arylesterase(ARE) in multiple myeloma with and without free light chain excretion(FLCe-MM and NFLCe-MM); as wellas to investigate possible alterations in oxidative stress parameters. Materials and Methods: Total thiol (T.thl),oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were examined inaddition to the PON1 and ARE enzyme activities in twenty one FLCe-MM and nineteen NFLCe-MM subjects.Routine parameters like lipid panel, serum total protein, albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uricacid and hemoglobin levels were compared with the oxidative stress markers. Results: Serum total protein, BUN,creatinin, and uric acid levels were significantly higher (p=0.04, p=0.001, p=0.001 and p=0.0022, respectively), whilehemoglobin and albumin levels were significantly lower in FLCe-MM patients (p=0.009 and p=0.04,respectively).PON1 and ARE activities were significantly lower in patients with FLCe-MM compared to those with NFLCe-MM (p=0.001 and p=0.008, respectively). Conclusions: Depending on our results of prognostic markers of MMsuch as age, hemoglobin, albumin, and creatinine we feel confident to presume FLCe-MM as a subgroup witha worse prognosis. A decrease in PON1 and ARE activities may contribute to the prognosis and may be used asa prognostic tool in MM.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9847
9851
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30189_66916edacd2650ee0631a19de8ce0ef2.pdf
Drug Resistance Effects of Ribosomal Protein L24 Overexpression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The morbidity and mortality rate of liver cancer continues to rise in China and advanced casesrespond poorly to chemotherapy. Ribosomal protein L24 has been reported to be a potential therapeutic targetwhose depletion or acetylation inhibits polysome assembly and cell growth of cancer. Materials and Methods:Total RNA of cultured amycin-resistant and susceptible HepG2 cells was isolated, and real time quantitativeRT-PCR were used to indicate differences between amycin-resistant and susceptible strains of HepG2 cells.Viability assays were used to determine amycin resistance in RPL24 transfected and control vector and nulltransfectedHepG2 cell lines. Results: The ribosomal protein L24 transcription level was 7.7 times higher inthe drug-resistant HepG2 cells as compared to susceptible cells on quantitative RT-PCR analysis. This wasassociated with enhanced drug resistance as determined by methyl tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation.Conclusions: The ribosomal protein L24 gene may have effects on drug resistance mechanisms in hepatocellularcarcinoma HepG2 cells.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9853
9857
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30190_61c53d9e0e4f8f9a7584b239042f21c9.pdf
Genetic Epidemiological Analysis of Esophageal Cancer in High-incidence Areas of China
text
article
2014
eng
Genetic epidemiological studies have shown that genetic susceptibility to esophageal cancer (EC) is animportant cause of its high incidence within families in some areas of China. The purpose of this study was toobtain evidence of a genetic basis of EC in Xin-an and Xin-xiang counties in China. Familial aggregation andcomplex segregation analyses were performed of 79 EC families in these counties. The heritability of EC wasexamined using Falconer’s method and complex segregation analysis was conducted with the SEGREG programin Statistical Analysis for Genetic Epidemiology (SAGE version 5.3.1). The results showed that the distribution ofEC in families did not fit well into a binomial distribution. The heritability of EC among first-degree and seconddegreerelatives was 67.0±7.31% and 43.1%±9.80%, respectively, and the summing up powered heritability was53.2±6.74%. The segregation ratio was 0.045. Complex segregation analysis showed that the genetic model ofEC was additive. The current results provide evidence for an inherited propensity to EC in certain high-riskgroups in China, and support efforts to identify the genes that confer susceptibility to this disease.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9859
9863
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30191_9b90f2a34153d8b7b95526a095a60905.pdf
Diagnostic Aspects of Fine Needle Aspiration for Lung Lesions: Series of 245 Cases
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Transthoracic fine needle aspiration (FNA) is one of several methods for establishing tissuediagnosis of lung lesions. Other tissue or cell sources for diagnosis include sputum, endobronchial biopsy, washingand brushing, endobronchial FNA, transthoracic core needle biopsy, biopsy from thoracoscopy or thoracotomy.The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of FNA and other diagnostic tests indiagnosing lung lesions. Materials and Methods: The population included all patients undergoing FNA for lunglesions at Meir Medical Center from 2006 through 2010. Information regarding additional tissue tests was derivedfrom the electronic archives of the Department of Pathology, patient records and files from the Department ofOncology. Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values were calculatedfor each test. Results: FNA was carried out in 245 patients. Malignant tumors were diagnosed in 190 cases(78%). They included adenocarcinoma (43%), squamous cell carcinoma (15%), non-small cell carcinoma, nototherwise specified (19%), neurondocrine tumors (7%), metastases (9%) and lymphoma (3%). The specificityof FNA for lung neoplasms was 100%; sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy were 87%. Conclusions: FNA is themost sensitive procedure for establishing tissue diagnoses of lung cancer. Combination with core needle biopsyincreases the sensitivity. Factors related to the lesion (nature, degenerative changes, location) and to performanceof all stages of test affect the ability to establish a diagnosis.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9865
9869
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30192_eccf279b2f9c486bd7f05b4d68afd67e.pdf
Brief Descriptive Epidemiology of Primary Malignant Brain Tumors from North-East India
text
article
2014
eng
Brain tumors are a mixed group of neoplasms that originate from the intracranial tissues and the meningeswith degrees of malignancy varying greatly from benign to aggressive. Not much is known about the epidemiologyof primary malignant brain tumors (PMBTs) in our population in North-East India. In this analysis, an attemptwas made to identify the age groups, gender distribution, topography and different histological types of PMBTwith data from a hospital cancer registry. A total of 231 cases of PMBT were identified and included for thepresent analysis. Our analysis has shown that most of PMBT occur at 20-60 years of age, with a male to femaleratio of 2.3:1. Some 70.5% of cases occurred in cerebral lobes except for the occipital lobe, and astrocytictumors were the most common broad histological type. In our population the prevalence of PMBT is 1% of allcancers, mostly affecting young and middle aged patients. As brain tumors are rare, so case-control analyticepidemiological studies will be required to establish the risk factors prevalent in our population.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9871
9873
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30193_6d130ee01635baf880ef00490bf3b7c5.pdf
Clinical Safety of Chemotherapy for Elderly Cancer Patients Complicated with Hypertension
text
article
2014
eng
Objective: To access the safety of chemotherapy for elderly cancer patients complicated with hypertension.Methods: Elderly cancer patients who were complicated with hypertension and treated by chemotherapy wererecruited. All patients were treated by chemotherapy after an intervention on hypertension by psychotherapy,exercise guidance, salt regulation and nutrition support, therapy on hypertension, as well as prevention onhypertension associated complications. Results: In 68 eligible patients, two suspended chemotherapy becauseof adverse reactions and 4 because of disease progression. The remaining 62 patients completed chemotherapysmoothly based on good hypertension control. Conclusion: With effective control of blood pressure, chemotherapyfor elderly cancer patients complicated with hypertension is generally safe.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9875
9877
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30194_26dd8240337e7e6e47334f363b340b45.pdf
A Systematic Review of MRI, Scintigraphy, FDG-PET and PET/CT for Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma Related Bone Disease - Which is Best?
text
article
2014
eng
Aim: The purpose of the current study was to conduct a systematic review of the published literature toevaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET, PTE/CT, MRI and scintigraphy for multiple myeloma relatedbone disease. Methods: Through a search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, two reviewersindependently assessed the methodological quality of each study. We estimated pooled sensitivity, specificity,positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), and two sample Z-tests were conducted to evaluate fordifferences in sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and the Q* index between any two diagnosticmodalities. Results: A total of 17 studies were reviewed. The MRI had a pooled sensitivity of 0.88, specificity of0.68, AUC of 0.897, and Q*index of 0.828, whereas for MIBI, the corresponding values were 0.98, 0.90, 0.991,and 0.962, respectively, and for bone scan, they were 066, 0.83, 0.805, and 0.740, respectively. The correspondingvalues of MIBI were 0.98, 0.90, 0.991, and 0.962, respectively. For PET and PET/CT, the values were 0.91, 0.69,0.927 and 0.861, respectively. Statistically significant differences were not found in the sensitivity, specificity, AUC,and Q* index between MRI, scintigraphy, FDG-PET and PET/CT. Conclusions: On the condition that X ray istaken as a reference in our study, we suggested that FDG-PET, PTE/CT, MRI and scintigraphy are all associatedwith high detection rate of bone disease in patients with MM. Thus, in clinical practice, it is recommended thatwe could choose these tests according to the condition of the patient.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9879
9884
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30195_d0833dd9e3aded2aee6feda0bcf7b75d.pdf
Effects of TNF Secreting HEK Cells on B Lymphocytes’ Apoptosis in Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemias
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an antitumorcandidate in cancer therapy. This study focused on effects of TRAIL, as a proapototic ligand that causes apoptosis,in B-CELL chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (B-CLL) . Materials and Methods: A population of HEK 293cells was transducted by lentivirus that these achieved ability for producing the TRAIL protein and then HEK293 cells transducted were placed in the vicinity of CLL cells. After 24 hours of co-culture, apoptosis of CLLcells was assessed by annexin V staining. Results: The amount of Apoptosis was examined separately in fourgroups: 293 HEK TRAIL (16.17±1.04%); 293 HEK GFP (2.7±0.57%); WT 293 HEK (2±2.6%); and CLL cells(0.01±0.01%). Among the groups studied, the maximum amount of apoptosis was in the group that the vectorencoding TRAIL was transducted. In this group, the mean level of soluble TRAIL in the culture medium was253pg/ml; also flow cytometry analyzes showed that proapotosis in this group was 32.8±1.6%, which was higherthan the other groups. Conclusions: In this study, we have demonstrated that TNF secreted from HEK 293 cellsare effective in death of CLL cells.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9885
9889
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30196_6723a4f28f8082b18524cdddccd5eb48.pdf
Developing Scales for the Assessment of Fatigue in Turkish Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 13-18 and their Parents
text
article
2014
eng
Background: This study was planned in an attempt to develop scales for the assessment of fatigue in pediatriconcology patients aged 13-18 and also for their parents. Materials and Methods: In collecting the study data,we used the Child and Parent Information Form, Visual Fatigue Scale, Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue inPediatric Oncology Patients Aged 13-18 and the Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology PatientsAged 13-18 for Parents. We also used Pearson correlation analysis, Cronbach alpha coefficient, factor analysisand ROC analysis for the study data. Results: In this study, the total Cronbach alpha value of the parent formwas 0.99, the total factor load was 0.72-0.94 with 95% the total variance being explained. The cutoff point of theparent form is 73 points. The total Cronbach alpha value of the child form was 0.99, the total factor load was0.82-0.95, with 89.4% of the total variance being explained. The cutoff point of the child form was 75.5 points.Conclusions: This study suggests that the Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology PatientsAged 13-18 and the Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 13-18 for Parentsare valid and reliable instruments in assessing the fatigue symptoms of children in Turkey.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9891
9898
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30197_9f0ec9492cd495c22561d49263dd0dd0.pdf
Time Trends of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Urban Guangzhou over a 12-Year Period (2000-2011): Declines in Both Incidence and Mortality
text
article
2014
eng
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon disease in most countries but occurs with much greaterfrequency in southern China. This study aimed to examine the secular trends of NPC in urban Guangzhou overthe time period of 2000–2011 using data from the Guangzhou Cancer Registry. Age-adjusted annual incidencerates of NPC were calculated by the direct method using the WHO World Standard Population (1960) as thereference. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was used as an estimate of the trend. A total of 7,532new cases of NPC and 3,449 related deaths were registered. In both genders, the peak incidence occurred inthe 50- to 59-year age group, and this age distribution pattern remained similar throughout. The AAPC inNPC incidence rates was -3.26% (95% CI: -5.4%--1.1) for males and -5.74% (95% CI: -8.9%--2.5) for females,resulting in a total decrease of 39.3% (from 22.14 to 13.44 per 100,000 population) for males and 48.6% (from10.1 to 5.18 per 100,000 population) for females over this 12-year period. The AAPCs in NPC mortality rateswere -4.62% (95%CI: -3.5%--5.7) for males and -6.75% (95% CI: -5.2%--8.3) for females, resulting in a totaldecrease of -46.1% (from 12.1 to 6.54 per 100,000 population) for males and 51.7% (from 4.14 to 2.00 per 100,000population) for females. The age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of NPC declined during 2000–2011in urban Guangzhou but remained high. Future efforts to improve prevention, early detection and treatmentstrategies are needed.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9899
9903
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30198_b4dfdab0ee8b21896c26bca08af9d521.pdf
Risk of Gastric Cancer in Children with Helicobacter pylori Infection
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common chronic infectious agent in the stomach.Most importantly, it may lead to atrophy, metaplasia and cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate theincidence of H. pylori infection and to detect early mucosal changes that may lead to malignant degenerationin children. Materials and Methods: Children who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were included.Familial history of gastric cancer was noted. Endoscopic examinations were performed by a single pediatricgastroenterologist. A minimum of three biopsy samples were collected during endoscopy. The patients wereaccepted as H. pylori infected if results of biopsies and rapid urease test were both positive. Biopsies wereevaluated for the presence and degree of chronic inflammation, the activity and severity of gastritis, glandularatrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Results: A total of 750 children (388 boys, 362 girls) were evaluated in ourstudy, with a mean age of 10.1 years. A total of 390 patients (52%) were found to be infected with H. pylori.Among the H. pylori infected patients, 289 (74%) were diagnosed to have chronic superficial gastritis, 24 (6.2%)had gastric atrophy. Most strikingly, intestinal metaplasia was observed in 11 children, all were in the H. pyloripositive group. There was no difference in the mean of age, gender and socioeconomic class between H. pyloriinfected and non-infected groups. The frequency of gastric cancer in family members (4 in number) was higherin patients with H. pylori infection. No gastric cancer case was reported from the parents of non-infected children.The worst biopsy parameters (atropy and metaplasia) were improved after H. pylori eradication on controlendoscopy. Conclusions: The current study shows a higher prevalence of familial history of gastric cancer in H.pylori infected children. Intestinal metaplasia was also higher in the infected children. Eradication of H. pyloriinfection for this risk group may prevent subsequent development of gastric cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9905
9908
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30199_ddf4ea2783e6a31b920e2dc61d1a803c.pdf
Improved Eradication Rate of Standard Triple Therapy by Adding Bismuth and Probiotic Supplement for Helicobacter pylori Treatment in Thailand
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) remains an important cause of gastric cancer and peptic ulcerdisease worldwide. Treatment of H. pylori infection is one of the effective ways to prevent gastric cancer. However,standard triple therapy for H. pylori eradication is no longer effective in many countries, including Thailand.This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of adding bismuth and probiotic to standard triple therapy forH. pylori eradication. Materials and Methods: In this prospective single center study, H. pylori infected gastritispatients were randomized to receive 7- or 14-day standard triple therapy plus bismuth with probiotic or placebo.Treatment regimen consisted of 30 mg lansoprazole twice daily, 1 g amoxicillin twice daily, 1 g clarithromycinMR once daily and 1,048mg bismuth subsalicylate twice daily. Probiotic bacteria composed of Bifidobacteriumlactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus paracasei. Placebo was conventional drinking yogurt withoutprobiotic. CYP2C19 genotyping and antibiotic susceptibility tests were also done. H pylori eradication wasdefined as a negative 13C-urea breath test at least 2 weeks after completion of treatment. Results: One hundredsubjects were enrolled (25 each to 7- and 14-day regimens with probiotic or placebo). Antibiotic susceptibilitytests showed 36.7% metronidazole and 1.1% clarithromycin resistance. CYP2C19 genotyping revealed 40.8%,49% and 10.2% were rapid, intermediate and poor metabolizers, respectively. The eradication rates of 7- or 14regimens with probiotics were 100%. Regarding adverse events, the incidence of bitter taste was significantlylower in the 7- day regimen with the probiotic group compared with 7- day regimen with placebo (40% vs. 64%;p=0.04). Conclusions: The 7-day standard triple therapy plus bismuth and probiotic can provide an excellent curerate of H. pylori (100%) in areas with low clarithromycin resistance such as Thailand, regardless of CYP2C19genotype. Adding a probiotic also reduced treatment-related adverse events.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9909
9913
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30200_ff4cd6a1ef12145bce0bcec9fba64b16.pdf
Inhibition Effects of Lamellarin D on Human Leukemia K562 Cell Proliferation and Underlying Mechanisms
text
article
2014
eng
Lamellarin D (LamD) is a marine alkaloid with a pronounced cytotoxicity against a large panel of cancer cells,affecting cell growth and inducing apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of this compoundare poorly understood. In this study, the anticancer efficacy of LamD was investigated in human leukemia K562cells. The results showed suppressed cell proliferation and induction of G0/G1-phase arrest,while expression ofCDK1, and activity of smad3 and smad5 were reduced, but that of p27, p53 and STGC3 was increased. LamDinduced cell apoptosis through activation of caspases-8/-3, inhibition of survivin and Bcl-2, suggesting that thiscompound may also act through a caspase-independent pathway. Moreover, LamD inhibited the secretion ofTGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and other inflammatory cytokines and the transcriptional activity of transcriptionfactor NF-κB in human leukemia K562 cells.Taken together, our results suggest that LamD-mediated inhibitionof leukemia cell proliferation may be related to the induction of apoptosis and the regulation of cell cycle, tumorrelatedgene expression and cytokine expression, which may provide a new way of thinking for the treatmentleukemia.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9915
9919
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30201_bd9ace09bd40bcfc71ec0e798f90166b.pdf
Annexin A2 and CD105 Expression in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma is Associated with Tumor Recurrence and Prognosis
text
article
2014
eng
To investigate the value of expression of annexin A2, microvessel density (MVD) and CD105 in pancreaticductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues and adjacent normal tissues, immunohistochemical staining was used.The positive expression rate of Annexin A2 and the MVD in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues washigher than that in in adjacent normal tissues (p<0.005). Expression of Annexin A2 and MVD correlated withhistological grade (p<0.05). MVD of cancers in TNM stage Ⅱb was higher than that in TNM stageⅠ~Ⅱa (p<0.026).Cancerous tissues with Annexin A2 staining grade 3+ had lower MVD than the tissues with the other AnnexinA2 staining grade (p<0.05). Patients with high MVD had worse prognosis. However , our study did not confirmAnnexin A2 was an independent risk factor for patients with PDAC. We confirmed MVD labeled by CD105 wasan independent risk factor for patients with PDAC and had moderate predictive value of prognosis.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9921
9926
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30202_d8241f590665638ca85a7f2a82333e0b.pdf
Serum Periplakin as a Potential Biomarker for Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder
text
article
2014
eng
The objectives of this study were to examine serum periplakin expression in patients with urothelial carcinomaof the urinary bladder and in normal controls, and to examine relationships with clinicopathological findings.Detection of serum periplakin was performed in 50 patients and 30 normal controls with anti-periplakinantibodies using the automatic dot blot system, and a micro-dot blot array with a 256 solid-pin system. Levelsin patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder were significantly lower than those in normalcontrols (0.31 and 5.68, respectively; p<0.0001). The area under the receiver-operator curve level for urothelialcarcinoma of the urinary bladder was 0.845. The sensitivity and specificity, using a cut-off point of 4.045, were83.7% and 73.3%, respectively. In addition, serum periplakin levels were significantly higher in patients withmuscle-invasive cancer than in those with nonmuscle-invasive cancer (P = 0.03). In multivariate Cox proportionalhazards regression analysis, none of the clinicopathological factors was associated with an increased risk forprogression and cancer-specific survival. Examination of the serum periplakin level may play a role as a noninvasivediagnostic modality to aid urine cytology and cystoscopy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9927
9931
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30203_fb326928ac42f79bff932ee7120aa164.pdf
Prevalence and Characteristics of Colorectal Polyps in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Iranian Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy from 2009-2013
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer in males and the second in femalesin Iran. Males are more likely to develop CRC than women and age is considered as a main risk factor forcolorectal cancer. Prevalence of colorectal cancer has been increasing in Asian countries. Aim: The object of thisstudy was to determine the clinical and pathology characteristics of colorectal polyps in Iranian patients andto investigate the variation between our populations with other populations. Materials and Methods: A total of167 patients with colorectal polyps were included in our study. All underwent colonoscopy during 2009-2013and specimens were taken through polypectomy and transferred to pathology. All data in patient files includingpathology reports were collected and analyzed by SPSS 16 software. A two-tailed test was used and a P-value of< 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age of participants was 57±15. Some 84 were females (50.3%)and 83 males (49.7%). Total of 225 polyps were detected which 119 (52.9%) were in males and 106 (47.1%) werein females. Solitary polyps were observed in 124 patients (74%), 26 (15.6%) had two polyps and 17 (10.1%)with more than two polyps (three to five). Rectosigmoid was the site of most of the polyps (63.1%), followedby 19.6% in the descending colon, 7.6% in the transverse, 5.8% in the ascending, and 3.1% in the cecum, databeing missing in two cases. Conclusions: Recto sigmoid was site of most of the polyps. The most prevalent typeof lesion was adenomatous polyps detected in 78 (34.7%). Mixed hyperplastic adenomatous type observed in 70(31.1%). This high prevalence of adenomatous polyps in Iranian patients implies the urgent need for screeningplans to prevent further healthcare problems with colorectal cancer in the Iranian population.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9933
9937
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30204_aa4008210066288a805fec62d57a8945.pdf
Preclinical Activity of Lobaplatin as a Single Agent and in Combination with Taxanes for Ovarian Carcinoma Cells
text
article
2014
eng
Lobaplatin, one of the third - generation platinum compounds, has shown encouraging anticancer activityin a variety of tumor types. However, the efficacy of lobaplatin in ovarian cancer has not been systemicallyevaluated. In this study, lobaplatin as a single agent and in combination with taxanes was investigated in - vitroand in an in vitro model of ovarian carcinoma. Using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, the cytotoxic effects oflobaplatin alone and in combination with taxanes were compared with cisplatin and carboplatin in seven ovariancancer cell lines. In addition, in - vitro antitumor activities were evaluated with cisplatin - sensitive and cisplatin- resistant human ovarian cancer xenografts in nude mice. The cytotoxicity of lobaplatin was similar to or higherthan that of cisplatin and carboplatin, with IC50 values from 0.9 to 13.8 μmol/L in a variety of ovarian cancercells. The combination of lobaplatin with docetaxel yielded enhanced cytotoxic activity in vitro. In addition, inplatinum - sensitive ovarian cancer xenografts, lobaplatin alone showed similar antitumor activity to cisplatinand carboplatin. Furthermore, lobaplatin alone or in combination with docetaxel exhibited significant activityin platinum - resistant ovarian cancer xenografts. These results indicate that the use of lobaplatin alone or incombination with docetaxel might be a rational and novel therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer. Furtherclinical development of lobaplatin is clearly warranted.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9939
9943
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30205_dec768d4408de37ea9d5a547a82d8598.pdf
Tim-3 Expression by Peripheral Natural Killer Cells and Natural Killer T Cells Increases in Patients with Lung Cancer - Reduction after Surgical Resection
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate Tim-3 expression on peripheral CD3-CD56+natural killer (NK) cells and CD3+CD56+ natural killer T (NKT) cells in lung cancer patients. Materials andMethods: We analyzed Tim-3+CD3-CD56+ cells, Tim-3+CD3-CD56dim cells, Tim-3+CD3-CD56bright cells, and Tim-3+CD3+CD56+ cells in fresh peripheral blood from 79 lung cancer cases preoperatively and 53 healthy controlsby flow cytometry. Postoperative blood samples were also analyzed from 21 members of the lung cancer patientcohort. Results: It was showed that expression of Tim-3 was significantly increased on CD3-CD56+ cells, CD3-CD56dim cells and CD3+CD56+ cells in lung cancer patients as compared to healthy controls (p=0.03, p=0.03 andp=0.04, respectively). When analyzing Tim-3 expression with cancer progression, results revealed more elevatedTim-3 expression in CD3-CD56+ cells, CD3-CD56dim cells and CD3+CD56+ cells in cases with advanced stages(III/IV) than those with stage I and II (p=0.02, p=0.04 and p=0.01, respectively). In addition, Tim-3 expression wassignificantly reduced on after surgical resection of the primary tumor (p<0.01). Conclusions: Tim-3 expressionin natural killer cells from fresh peripheral blood may provide a useful indicator of disease progression of lungcancer. Furthermore, it was indicated that Tim-3 might be as a therapeutic target.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9945
9948
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30206_f3121f2a9c4a0765a661b57b65284af7.pdf
Long-Term Treatment Results in Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Thoracic Wall Treated with Pre-or-Postoperative Radiotherapy - a Single Institution Experience
text
article
2014
eng
Objective: To evaluate the long term results among patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the thoracic wall.Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients who were treated with pre-or postoperative radiotherapy betweenDecember 1980-December 2007, with a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma of the thoracic wall were retrospectivelyevaluated. Results: The median age was 44 years (14-85 years) and 15 of them were male. A total of 50% ofpatients were grade 3. The most common histologic type of tumor was undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma(26.9%). Tumor size varied between 2-25 cm (median 6.5 cm). Seventeen of the cases had marginal and 9 hadwide local resection. Four cases received preoperative radiotherapy and 22 postoperative radiotherapy. Six ofthe patients with large and high grade tumors received chemotherapy. Median follow-up time was 82 months(9-309 months). Local recurrence and metastasis was detected in 34.6% and 42.3% of patients, respectively. Fiveyearlocal control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS)were 62%, 38%, 69%, and 76% respectively. On univariate analysis, the patients with positive surgical marginshad a markedly lower 5-year LC rate than patients with negative surgical margin, but the difference was notsignificant (43% vs 78%, p=0.1). Five-year DFS (66% vs 17%) and DSS (92% vs 60%) rates were significantlyworse for the patients who had high grade tumors (p=0.01, p=0.008 respectively). Conclusions: Tumor gradeand surgical margin are essential parameters for determining the prognosis of thoracic wall soft tissue sarcomaboth in our series and the literature.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9949
9953
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30207_aa8da0566ba9cbcd76dbf05affe5eff7.pdf
Promoter Methylation of MGMT Gene in Serum of Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in North East India
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Promoter hypermethylation is a common event in human cancer. O6-methylguanine-DNAmethyltransferase (MGMT) is a gene involved in DNA repair, which is methylated in a variety of cancers. Weaimed to explore the methylation status of MGMT gene among the North Eastern population where esophagealcancer incidence and exposure to carcinogens like nitrosamines is high. Materials and Methods: A total of 100newly diagnosed esophageal cancer cases along with equal number of age, sex and ethnicity matched controlswere included in this study. Methylation specific PCR was used to determine the MGMT methylation status inserum samples. Results: Aberrant promoter methylation of the MGMT gene was detected in 70% of esophagealcancer cases. Hypermethylation of MGMT gene was found to be influenced by environmental factors like betelquid and tobacco which contain potent carcinogens like nitrosamines. Tobacco chewing and tobacco smokinghabit synergistically with MGMT methylation elevated the risk for esophageal cancer development [adjustedOR=5.02, 95% CI=1.35-18.74; p=0.010 for tobacco chewing and Adjusted OR=3.00, 95% CI=1.22-7.36; p=0.014for tobacco smoking]. Conclusions: Results suggest that the DNA hypermethylation of MGMT is an importantmechanism for MGMT gene silencing resulting in esophageal cancer development and is influenced by theenvironmental factors. Thus MGMT hypermethylation can be used as a biomarker for esophageal cancer inhigh incidence region of North East India.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9955
9960
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30208_45670de88aaa05e5c3fbef0673b08aed.pdf
Clinical Significance of BCR-ABL Fusion Gene Subtypes in Chronic Myelogenous and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Some reports have suggested that chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients have a higherprevalence of M-bcr than acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, which show a higher prevalence ofm-bcr. However, the relationship between BCR-ABL subtypes and progression of CML and ALL remains unclear.Materials and Methods: 354 CML chronic phase (CML-CP) patients, 26 CML blastic phase (CML-BP) patientsand 72 ALL patients before treatment with BCR-ABL positive were recruited for blood routine examinationand bone marrow smear cytology. Some 80 CML-CP and 32 ALL patients after imatinib (IM) treatment werefollowed-up for BCR-ABL relative concentrations detected after treatment for 3, 6 and 9 months and 1 year.Results: Before treatment, CML-CP patients showed lower BCR-ABL relative concentrations with a higherproportion of M-bcr (42.7%) compared to CML-BP and ALL patients while ALL patients had a higher BCR-ABLrelative concentration with high expression of m-bcr (51.4%). Patients with M-bcr demonstrated higher WBCcounts than those with m-bcr and the mixed group and higher PLT counts were noted in the CML-CP and ALLgroups. After imatinib (IM) treatment, patients with m-bcr showed higher BCR-ABL relative concentrations inboth CML-CP and ALL groups. Conclusions: This study identified the BCR-ABL gene as an important factor inCML and ALL cases. The M-bcr subtype was associated more with CML while the m-bcr subtype was associatedmore with ALL. Patients with m-bcr seem to have a poorer response to IM in either CML or ALL patientscompared to M-bcr patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9961
9966
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30209_20328bafa270903c07ee108b60af8a6a.pdf
Silencing of COX-2 by RNAi Modulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells Partially Dependent on the PGE2 Cascade
text
article
2014
eng
In order to prove whether downregulation of COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2) could modulate the epithelialmesenchymaltransition (EMT) of breast cancer, celecoxib and siRNA were respectively used to inhibit COX-2function and expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. The EMT reversal effect in the RNAi treated group was betterthan that of the celecoxib group while there were no obvious differences in the medium PGE2 levels betweenthe two groups. The results show that COX-2 pathways may contribute considerably to EMT of breast cancercells, partially dependent on the PGE2 cascade. Akt2, ZEB2 and Snail were measured to clarify the underlyingmechanisms of COX-2 on EMT; COX-2 may modulate EMT of breast cancer by regulating these factors. Thisfinding may be helpful to elucidate the mechanisms of selective COX-2 inhibitor action in EMT modulation inbreast cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9967
9972
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30210_a3cdb67f812dd7013655bea624d17e59.pdf
No Association of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α Gene Polymorphisms with Breast Cancer in North-West Indians
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is the key regulator of cellular responses to hypoxiaand plays a central role in tumour growth. Presence of Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the criticalregulatory domains of HIF-1α may result in the overexpression of the protein and subsequent changes in theexpression of the downstream target genes. The aim of study was to investigate the association of three SNPs(g.C111A, g.C1772T and g.G1790A) of HIF-1α with the risk of breast cancer in North Indian sporadic breastcancer patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 subjects, including 200 healthy controls and 200 patientswith breast cancer were recruited in this study. Genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction -restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: The CC and CA genotype frequencyof HIF-1α g.C111A polymorphism was 100 vs 99% and 0 vs 1% in breast cancer patients and healthy controlsrespectively. The frequencies of CC, CT and TT genotype of g.C1772T polymorphism were 76 vs 74.5%, 19vs 21% and 5 vs 4.5% in breast cancer patients and control individuals respectively. There was no significantdifference in genotype and allele frequencies of HIF-1α g.C1772T polymorphism between cases and controlindividuals (p>0.05). For g.G1790A genotypes, all patients and controls had only GG genotype. Conclusions:The three HIF-1α polymorphisms (g.C111A, g.C1772T and g.G1790A) are not associated with breast cancerrisk in North-West Indian patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9973
9978
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30211_6b8bf73edb4c63ed3f9d0e0f2a255595.pdf
Differences in Cancer Incidence among Predominantly Muslim and Buddhist Subpopulations in Songkhla
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The population of Songkhla, a province in Southern Thailand, can be divided into apredominantly Muslim subpopulation (PMSP, approximately 70% Muslim) and a predominantly Buddhistsubpopulation (PBSP, around 14% Muslim). Objectives: This study was conducted to 1) describe the incidenceof various cancers in both PMSP and PBSP, and 2) compare the incidence of various cancers between the twosubpopulations. Materials and Methods: Cancer cases diagnosed between 1990 and 2010 were drawn from thedatabase of Songkhla Cancer Registry. Population denominators were estimated from the 3 population censusessurveyed by the National Statistical Office of Thailand in 1990, 2000, and 2010. Results: The age-standardizedincidence rates (ASR) of the 5 commonest male cancers among both subpopulations were calculated. In females,a lower incidence of cancers of the cervix and breast in PMSP compared to PBSP, with odds ratios of 0.54 (95%CI: 0.45-0.64) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.43-0.60) respectively, was observed. In males, the incidence of cancers of thelung, liver, colon-rectum, and some other cancers were significantly different between the two populations in thepast, but only prostate cancer showed a lower incidence among males in PMSP in recent years. Independent ofsex and year of diagnosis, the incidence of lung, liver, NHL, and colorectal cancers was lower in MPSP comparedto BPSP, with odds ratios of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.65-0.85), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.62-0.88), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.60-0.91), and0.67 (95% CI: 0.56-0.78) respectively. Conclusions: The differences in incidence of some cancers and religionrelatedculture between the two subpopulations need 2 sets of cancer-control plans and goals to fit the uniquepopulation context in deep Southern Thailand. This plan can be used in the 3 southernmost provinces of Thailandwhere the percentage of Muslims is over 85%.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9979
9983
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30212_ea3e7c6f4a8ee002e5d45ac33bcb9877.pdf
Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgery for Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
text
article
2014
eng
Background and Aim: Laparoscopic and open rectum surgery for rectal cancer remains controversial.This systematic review compared the short-term and long-term efficiency and complications associated withlaparoscopic and open resection for rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase,Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Knowledge and the China Biology Medicine Database to identify potentialrandomized controlled trials from their inception to March 31, 2014 without language restriction. Additionalarticles were identified from searching bibliographies of retrieved articles. Two reviewers independently assessedthe full-text articles according to the pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as the methodologicalquality of included trials. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2. Results: A total of 16 randomizedcontrolled trials involving 3,045 participants (laparoscopic group, 1,804 cases; open group, 1,241 cases) werereviewed. Laparoscopic surgery was associated with significantly lower intraoperative blood loss, earlier returnof bowel movement and reduced length of hospital stay as compared to open surgery, although with increasedoperative time. It also showed an obvious advantage for minimizing late complications of adhesion-related bowelobstruction. Importantly, there were no significant differences in other postoperative complications, oncologicalclearance, 3-year and 5-year or 10 year recurrence and survival rates between two procedures. Conclusions: Onthe basis of this meta-analysis we conclude that laparoscopic surgery has advantages of earlier postoperativerecovery, less blood loss and lower rates of adhesion-related bowel obstruction. In addition, oncological outcomeis comparable after laparoscopic and open resection for rectal cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9985
9996
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30213_2b0bc9a5ce9ebeed174b782d796e64f6.pdf
Curdione Inhibits Proliferation of MCF-7 Cells by Inducing Apoptosis
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Curdione, one of the major components of Curcuma zedoaria, has been reported to possessvarious biological activities. It thus might be a candidate anti-flammatory and cancer chemopreventive agent.However, the precise molecular mechanisms of action of curdione on cancer cells are still unclear. In this study,we investigated the effect of curdione on breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Xenograft nude mice were usedto detect the effect of curdione on breast cancer in vivo; we also tested the effect of curdione on breast cancer invitro by MTT, Flow cytometry, JC-I assay, and western blot. Results: Firstly, we found that curdione significantlysuppressed tumor growth in a xenograft nude mouse breast tumor model in a dose-dependent manner. In addition,curdione treatment inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, after curdione treatment,increase of impaired mitochondrial membrane potential occurred in a concentration dependent manner.Furthermore, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins including cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax wasincreased in curdione treatment groups, while the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was decreased. Inhibitorsof caspase-3 were used to confirm that curdione induced apoptosis. Conclusions: Overall, our observations firstsuggested that curdione inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. These resultsmight provide some molecular basis for the anti-cancer activity of curdione.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
9997
10001
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30214_3b264730541956b86b3b23762f7defff.pdf
Success of a Cervical Cancer Screening Program: Trends in Incidence in Songkhla, Southern Thailand, 1989-2010, and Prediction of Future Incidences to 2030
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Cervical cancer has been a leading female cancer in Thailand for decades, and has been secondto breast cancer after 2007. The Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) has provided opportunistic screening withPap smears for more than 30 years. In 2002, the MoPH and the National Health Security Office providedcountrywide systematic screening of cervical cancer to all Thai women aged 35-60 years under universal healthcare coverage insurance scheme at 5-year intervals. Objectives: This study characterized the cervical cancerincidence trends in Songkhla in southern Thailand using joinpoint and age period cohort (APC) analysis toobserve the effect of cervical cancer screening activities in the past decades, and to project cervical cancer ratesin the province, to 2030. Materials and Methods: Invasive and in situ cervical cancer cases were extracted fromthe Songkhla Cancer Registry from 1990 through 2010. Age standardized incidence rates were estimated. Trendsin incidences were evaluated by joinpoint and APC regression models. The Norpred package was modified for Rand was used to project the future trends to 2030 using the power of 5 function and cut trend method. Results:Cervical cancer incidence in Songkhla peaked around 1998-2000 and then dropped by -4.7% per year. APCanalysis demonstrated that in situ tumors caused an increase in incidence in early ages, younger cohorts, and inlater years of diagnosis. Conclusions: Both joinpoint and APC analysis give the same conclusion in continuationof a declining trend of cervical cancer to 2030 but with different rates and the predicted goal of ASR below 10or even 5 per 100,000 women by 2030 would be achieved. Thus, maintenance and improvement of the screeningprogram should be continued. Other population based cancer registries in Thailand should analyze their datato confirm the success of cervical cancer screening policy of Thailand.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
10003
10008
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30215_7ef85422f56012f1e95b3504ef745833.pdf
Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Prostate Cancer Risk in the Pakistani Population
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has been a subject of extensive pharmacogenetic researchrecently. Association studies between different types of cancers including prostate cancer (PCa) and VDR genepolymorphism have also been conducted. The objective of this study was to find possible associations betweenPCa and VDR gene polymorphisms in the Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: A total of 162 subjects,including prostate cancer patients and controls, were genotyped for Apa I, Taq I and Fok I polymorphisms inthe VDR gene using allele specific PCR, PCR-RFLP and direct DNA sequencing. Allelic frequencies were testedfor Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and associations between the genetic markers and PCa were calculated usinglogistic regression. Results: Apa I CC genotype was found to have strongest association with PCa risk, and “A”genotype was found to have protective effect. Fok I and Taq I did not have appreciable levels of association withPCa, although Taq I “TC” heterozygotes seemed to have some protective effect. Similarly the “C” allele of Fok Ialso seemed to have protective effect. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report showing associationbetween VDR gene polymorphisms and PCa in Pakistan. Our findings may be somewhat skewed because ofsmall sample size and tendency of consanguineous marriages in Pakistani society; nevertheless, it shows thetrend of association and protective effects of certain VDR gene polymorphisms against PCa.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
10009
10013
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30216_056394787befff58c45b5746a535839f.pdf
Fentanyl Increases Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Apoptosis by Inhibition of NF-κB in a Sirt1-dependent Manner
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Fentanyl is used as an analgesic to treat pain in a variety of patients with cancer and recentlyit has become considered to also act as an antitumor agent. The study present was designed to investigate theeffects of fentanyl on colorectal cancer cell growth and plausible mechanisms. Materials and Methods: The humancolorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116 was subcutaneously injected into nude mice. The viability of HCT116 wastested by MTT assay, and apoptosis by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity. The expression of Sirt1 and NF-κB were evaluated by Western blotting and the levels of Sirt1 and NF-κB by fluorescence method. SiRNA wasused to silence and Ad-Sirt1 to overexpress Sirt1. Results: Our data showed that fentanyl could inhibit tumorgrowth, with increased expression of Sirt1 and down-regulation of Ac-p65 in tumors. Compared with controlcells without treatment, HCT116 cells that were incubated with fentanyl had a higher apoptotic rate. Moreover,fentanyl could increase expression and activity of Sirt1 and inhibitor expression and activity of NF-κB, whichmight be mechanisms of fentanyl action. Conclusions: Fentanyl increased colorectal carcinoma cell apoptosisby inhibition of NF-κB activation in a Sirt1-dependent manner.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
10015
10020
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30217_526a427c28fd49104ea4a2f93fde3e5e.pdf
Age of Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in China: Almost 10 Years Earlier than in the United States and the European Union
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The study aimed to describe the age distribution of breast cancer diagnosis among Chinesefemales for comparison with the United States and the European Union, and provide evidence for the screeningtarget population in China. Materials and Methods: Median age was estimated from hospital databases from 7tertiary hospitals in China. Population-based data in China, United States and European Union was extracted fromthe National Central Cancer Registry, SEER program and GLOBOCAN 2008, respectively. Age-standardizeddistribution of breast cancer at diagnosis in the 3 areas was estimated based on the World Standard Population2000. Results: The median age of breast cancer at diagnosis was around 50 in China, nearly 10 years earlier thanUnited States and European Union. The diagnosis age in China did not vary between subgroups of calendaryear, region and pathological characteristics. With adjustment for population structure, median age of breastcancer at diagnosis was 50~54 in China, but 55~59 in United States and European Union. Conclusions: Themedian diagnosis age of female breast cancer is much earlier in China than in the United States and the EuropeanUnion pointing to racial differences in genetics and lifestyle. Screening programs should start at an earlier agefor Chinese women and age disparities between Chinese and Western women warrant further studies.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
10021
10025
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30218_21f839cd56c2bb530688a5641eceed0e.pdf
Risk of Cancer Mortality according to the Metabolic Health Status and Degree of Obesity
text
article
2014
eng
Background: We investigated the risk of cancer mortality according to obesity status and metabolic healthstatus using sampled cohort data from the National Health Insurance system. Materials and Methods: Data onbody mass index and fasting blood glucose in the sampled cohort database (n=363,881) were used to estimaterisk of cancer mortality. Data were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazard model (Model 1 was adjusted forage, sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol level and urinary protein; Model 2 wasadjusted for Model 1 plus smoking status, alcohol intake and physical activity). Results: According to the obesitystatus, the mean hazard ratios were 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75-0.89] and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72-0.85)for the overweight and obese groups, respectively, compared with the normal weight group. According to themetabolic health status, the mean hazard ratio was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.14-1.40) for the metabolically unhealthygroup compared with the metabolically healthy group. The interaction between obesity status and metabolichealth status on the risk of cancer mortality was not statistically significant (p=0.31). Conclusions: We found thatthe risk of cancer mortality decreased according to the obesity status and increased according to the metabolichealth status. Given the rise in the rate of metabolic dysfunction, the mortality from cancer is also likely to rise.Treatment strategies targeting metabolic dysfunction may lead to reductions in the risk of death from cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
10027
10031
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30219_2e1c7df05dd11645aadc7108773f8dae.pdf
Tobacco Use, Beliefs and Risk Awareness in University Students from 24 Low, Middle and Emerging Economy Countries
text
article
2014
eng
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tobacco use, beliefs and risk awareness andpsychosocial correlates of tobacco use among university students in 24 low, middle and emerging economycountries. Using anonymous questionnaires, data were collected from 16953 undergraduate university students(mean age 20.9, SD=2.9) from 25 universities in 24 countries across Asia, Africa and the Americas. Results indicatethat overall 13.3% of the university students were current tobacco users, 22.4% for men and 6.6% for women,ranging from 3.8% in Singapore to 32.5% in Cameroon. The risk awareness of the smoking lung cancer link was83.6%, while the risk awareness of the smoking heart disease link was 46.5%. Multivariate logistic regressionfound that older age, male gender, having a wealthy family background, living in a low income country, residingoff campus on their own, poor beliefs in the importance not to smoke, awareness of the smoking heart diseaselink, hit by a sexual partner, depressive symptoms, and substance use (binge drinking and illicit drug use) wereassociated with current tobacco use.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
10033
10038
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30220_638737bf0f858a42a6a5c0befef335bf.pdf
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules Using Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology as the Reference Standard
text
article
2014
eng
Background: In Pakistan thyroid cancer is responsible for 1.2% cases of all malignant tumors. Ultrasonography(US) is helpful in detecting cancerous thyroid nodules on basis of different features like echogenicity, margins,microcalcifications, size, shape and abnormal neck lymph nodes. We therefore aimed to calculate diagnosticaccuracy of ultrasound in detection of carcinoma in thyroid nodules taking fine needle aspiration cytology asthe reference standard. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was designed to prospectivelycollect data from December 2010 till December 2012 from the Department of Radiology in Aga Khan UniversityHospital, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 100 patients of both genders were enrolled after informed consent viaapplying non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients referred to Radiology department of AgaKhan University to perform thyroid ultrasound followed by fine-needle aspiration cytology of thyroid noduleswere included. They were excluded if proven for thyroid malignancy or if their US or FNAC was conductedoutside our institution. Results: The subjects comprised 76 (76%) females and 24 males. Mean age was 41.8±SD12.3 years. Sensitivity and specificity with 95%CI of ultrasound in differentiating malignant thyroid nodulefrom benign thyroid nodule calculated to be 91.7% (95%CI, 0.72-0.98) and 78.94% (0.68-0.87) respectively.Reported positive predictive value and negative PV were 57.9% (0.41-0.73) and 96.8% (0.88-0.99) and overallaccuracy was 82%. Likelihood ratio (LR) positive was computed to be 4.3 and LR negative was 0.1. Conclusions:Ultrasonography has a high diagnostic accuracy in detecting malignancy in thyroid nodules on the basis offeatures like echogenicity, margins, micro calcifications and shape.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
22
no.
2014
10039
10043
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30221_8592235bae98c9611efda7301269bbc2.pdf