Aprepitant in the Prevention of Vomiting Induced by Moderately and Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy
text
article
2014
eng
Chemotherapy is a major therapeutic approach for malignant neoplasms; however, due to the mostcommon adverse events of nausea and vomiting, scheduled chemotherapeutic programs may be impeded oreven interrupted, which severely impairs the efficacy. Aprepitants, 5-HT3 antagonists and dexamethasone areprimary drugs used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). These drugs have excellentefficacy for control of acute vomiting but are relatively ineffective for delayed vomiting. Aprepitant may remedythis deficiency. Substance P was discovered in the 1930s and its association with vomiting was confirmed in the1950s. This was followed by a period of non-peptide neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist synthesis andinvestigation in preclinical studies and clinical trials (phases Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ). The FDA granted permission for theclinical chemotherapeutic use of aprepitant in 2003. At present, the combined use of aprepitant, 5-HT3 antagonistsand dexamethasone satisfactorily controls vomiting but not nausea. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches anddrugs are still needed.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10045
10051
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30222_63787c1412599ba9898d352e172f9576.pdf
Innovations in HPV Vaccination and Roles of Nurses in Cervical Cancer Prevention
text
article
2014
eng
The human papilloma virus (HPV) is the main aetiological agent for cervical cancer, one of the most frequentcancers observed in women throughout the world. There are effective programs for reducing the incidence ofcervical cancer with HPV vaccination. The objective of this study was to discuss the applicability of the HPVvaccination and the role of nurses in prevention of cervical cancer. Use of bivalent and quadrivalent vaccineshas been initiated against the types of HPV which are the primary cause of cancer. The quadrivalent HPVvaccination has entered into the routine vaccination schedule in many European countries for use in children andadolescents between 9-15 years of age and for women between 16-26 years of age, whereas it has been proposedthat the bivalent vaccination should be given to girls between 9-18 years of age. While cervical cancer is amongthe cancers that can be prevented, it is essential to continue screening tests while introducing vaccination in asystematic manner for protection. On this subject, among the most important roles of nurses is to implementthe screening programs by fulfilling the caregiving, training and consultancy roles for the society and especially,for high risk groups and to increase the awareness of the people.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10053
10056
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30223_70f02311dddef002afab3e5f94e15091.pdf
18FDG Synthesis and Supply: a Journey from Existing Centralized to Future Decentralized Models
text
article
2014
eng
Positron emission tomography (PET) as the functional component of current hybrid imaging (like PET/CT or PET/MRI) seems to dominate the horizon of medical imaging in coming decades. 18Flourodeoxyglucose(18FDG) is the most commonly used probe in oncology and also in cardiology and neurology around the globe.However, the major capital cost and exorbitant running expenditure of low to medium energy cyclotrons (about20 MeV) and radiochemistry units are the seminal reasons of low number of cyclotrons but mushroom growthpattern of PET scanners. This fact and longer half-life of 18F (110 minutes) have paved the path of a centralizedmodel in which 18FDG is produced by commercial PET radiopharmacies and the finished product (multi-dosevial with tungsten shielding) is dispensed to customers having only PET scanners. This indeed reduced the costbut has limitations of dependence upon timely arrival of daily shipments as delay caused by any reason resultsin cancellation or rescheduling of the PET procedures. In recent years, industry and academia have taken a stepforward by producing low energy, table top cyclotrons with compact and automated radiochemistry units (Labon-Chip). This decentralized strategy enables the users to produce on-demand doses of PET probe themselvesat reasonably low cost using an automated and user-friendly technology. This technological development wouldindeed provide a real impetus to the availability of complete set up of PET based molecular imaging at anaffordable cost to the developing countries.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10057
10059
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30224_0cb022bc227e3e8575e99245d7066b1e.pdf
Human Papillomavirus Genotypes among Females in Mexico: a Study from the Mexican Institute for Social Security
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The aetiological relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervicalcancer (CC) is widely accepted. Our goal was to determine the prevalence of HPV types in Mexican womenattending at the Mexican Institute for Social Security from different areas of Mexico. Materials and Methods:DNAs from 2,956 cervical samples were subjected to HPV genotyping: 1,020 samples with normal cytology, 931with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL), 481 with high grade HGSIL and 524 CC. Results:Overall HPV prevalence was 67.1%. A total of 40 HPV types were found; HPV16 was detected in 39.4% of theHPV-positive samples followed by HPV18 at 7.5%, HPV31 at 7.1%, HPV59 at 4.9%, and HPV58 at 3.2%.HPV16 presented the highest prevalence both in women with altered or normal cytology and HPV 18 presenteda minor prevalence as reported worldwide. The prevalence ratio (PR) was calculated for the HPV types. Theanalysis of PR showed that HPV16 presents the highest association with CC, HPV 31, -33, -45, -52 and -58 alsodemonstrating a high association. Conclusions: The most prevalent HPV types in cervical cancer samples were-16, -18, -31, but it is important to note that we obtained a minor prevalence of HPV18 as reported worldwide,and that HPV58 and -52 also were genotypes with an important prevalence in CC samples. Determination ofHPV genotypes is very important in order to evaluate the impact of vaccine introduction and future cervicalcancer prevention strategies.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10061
10066
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30225_4dff7b3b936780c5fc279d2838eebaeb.pdf
Antiproliferative Effect of Metformin on the Endometrium - a Clinical Trial
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Unopposed estrogen has a central role in development of endometrial benign, premalignant andmalignant lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-estrogenic effect of metformin on endometrialhistology in comparison with progesterone. Materials and Methods: A total of 43 patients who were referredto our center for abnormal uterine bleeding and had a histologic diagnosis were disordered proliferativeendometrium or simple endometrial hyperplasia were included and randomly distributed in two groups treatedwith metformin (500mg Bid) or megestrol (40mg daily), respectively, for three months. After this period thepatients were evaluated by another endometrial biopsy to assess the impact of the two drugs in restoring normalendometrial histology. Results: Our findings revealed that metformin could induce endometrial atrophy in 21out of 22 patients (95.5%) while this positive response was achieved in only 13 out of 21 patients (61.9%) in themegstrol group. In addition two low grade endometrial carcinomas in the metformin group responded verywell. Conclusions: We conclude that metformin could be used as an effective antiestrogenic agent in control ofabnormal endometrial proliferative disorders.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10067
10070
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30226_e2737a7019d77e2108d13f1b5504c5d3.pdf
Challenges of Providing Cervical Cancer Prevention Programs In Iran: A Qualitative Study
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Cervical cancer has become a major public health problem worldwide. Iran, like other developingcountries, is facing a number of challenges in managing the disease. This qualitative study documents challengesencountered in cervical cancer preventing programs in Iran. Materials and Methods: In-depth interviews wereconducted with 28 participants including eleven patients with cervical cancer, three gynecologic oncologists, fivespecialists in Obstetrics and Gynecology, five midwives, three health care managers and one epidemiologist inMashhad Iran, between May and December of 2012. The sample was selected purposively until data saturationwas achieved. Data credibility verified via allocated sufficient time for data collection, using member checkingand peer debriefing. Data analysis was carried out using conventional content analysis approach with ATLAS. tisoftware. Results: Findings from data analysis demonstrated 2 major themes and 6 categories about challenges ofproviding cervical cancer prevention programs including: individual and social challenges (cognitive/behavioralchallenges and socio/cultural challenges) and health system challenges (stewardship, financing, competency ofhealth care providers and access to services). Each category included some subcategories. Conclusions: Managingthe cervical cancer prevention programs need to include the consideration of individuals, health care providersand health system challenges. Addressing the low level of knowledge, negative attitudes, socio cultural challenges,Poor intersectional collaboration and coordination and intra-sectional management, financing and competencyof health care providers are essential steps toward significantly reducing the burdens of cervical cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10071
10077
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30227_b9f0f871bbe5831a9e8d765abba31dae.pdf
New Therapeutic Schedule for Prostatic Cancer-3 Cells with ET-1 RNAi and Endostar
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Endothelin-1 and Endostar are both significant for the progression, proliferation, metastasisand invasion of cancer. In this paper, we studied the effect of ET-1 RNAi and Endostar in PC-3 prostatic cancercells. Materials and Methods: The lentiviral vector was used in the establishment of ET-1 knockdown PC-3 cells.Progression and apoptosis were assessed by CKK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Transwell assay was usedto estimate invasion and signaling pathways were studied by Western blotting. Results: ET-1 mRNA and proteinin ET-1 knockdown PC-3 cells were reduced to 26.4% and 22.4% compared with control group, respectively.ET-1 RNAi and Endostar both were effective for the suppression of progression and invasion of PC-3 cells.From Western blotting results, the effects of ET-1 regulation and Endostar on PC-3 cells were at least relatedto some signaling pathways involving PI3K/Akt/Caspase-3, Erk1/2/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 and MMPs (MMP-2 andMMP-9). Furthermore, combined treatment of ET-1RNAi and Endostar was found to be more effective thansingle treatment. Conclusions: Both ET-1 RNAi and Endostar can inhibit the progression and invasion of PC-3cells, but combined treatment might be a better therapeutic schedule.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10079
10083
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30228_fab1688a67ae66eeea2b620c6aef03b0.pdf
Induction of Apoptosis by IGFBP3 Overexpression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system comprises a group of proteins that play key rolesin regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis in a variety of cellular systems. The aim of this studywas to investigate the role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) in hepatocellular carcinoma.Materials and Methods: Expression of IGF2, IGFBP3, and PTEN was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Lentivirus vectorswere used to overexpress IGFBP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) lines. The effect of IGFBP3 onproliferation was investigated by MTT and colony formation assays. Results: Expression of IGF2, IGFBP3, andPTEN in several HCC cell lines was lower than in normal cell lines. After 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine/trichostatin Atreatment, significant demethylation of the promoter region of IGFBP3 was observed in HCC cells. Overexpressionof IGFBP3 induced apoptosis and reduced colony formation in HUH7 cells. Conclusions: Expression of IGF2,IGFBP3, and PTEN in several HCC cell lines was lower than in normal cell lines. After 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine/trichostatin A treatment, significant demethylation of the promoter region of IGFBP3 was observed in HCCcells. Overexpression of IGFBP3 induced apoptosis and reduced colony formation in HUH7 cells.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10085
10089
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30229_59b63729700a31eca066bf301a2cf730.pdf
Description of Deaths on Easter Island, 2000-2012 Period
text
article
2014
eng
Easter Island is a small island of 180 km2, located 3,800 km from the Chilean coast and one of the mostisolated inhabited places in the world. Since the mid-twentieth century, it has been undergoing an epidemiologicaltransition in relation to the causes of death, from a predominance of infectious to non-communicable diseases(NCDs) such as cardiovascular ailments and cancer. The aim of this study is to describe the causes of death toEaster Island between 2000 and 2012, so the statistical records of Hanga Roa Hospital and death certificates werereviewed. The period under review of 13 years there was a total of 252 deaths, an average to 19.3 deaths per year.The most frequent causes of death found in the general population of Easter Island were cardiovascular diseases(25.4%), followed by neoplasms (23.4%), accidents (18.6%). Related to Rapa Nui people, cardiovascular andneoplastic diseases (both 26.7%) predominate, while in the population without belonging to the ethnic group themain causes were traumatic (25%) and cardiovascular (22.2%). Comparing the leading causes of death of EasterIsland with mainland Chile, it can be seen how they resemble. Taking the island death profile, it is necessary towork on public health strategies aimed to this, considering that some of the causes are completely preventable.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10091
10094
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30230_03537f1ff207209bee3acf7679c89584.pdf
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Technicians Working at Hospitals Towards Testicular Cancer and Self-examination of Testicles in Turkey
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The present study was conducted to determine knowledge level of technicians workingin hospitals about testicular cancer (TC) and self-examination of testicles (TSE) and to determine levels ofconsciousness and implementation status about TSE. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study wasconducted with technicians working in hospitals (n=243) between 2nd January-31st May 2012 at private andgovernmental hospitals in urban Kayseri. Healthy control subjects (n=235) who were similar to techniciansin terms of age, education level and income status were also included to the study. Chi-square test was used incomparison of categorical variables. Results: Technicians were significantly more aware of TC than controls,but the latter were found to have significantly more information about TSE. There was no significant differencebetween the two groups in terms of knowing how to do TSE and 80% of both groups were unaware this exam. Oftechnicians, 19.8% and of controls, 25.5% did TSE, the difference being statistically insignificant. First reason fornot doing TSE was “not-knowing” among technicians (48.1%) while it was “ignorance” among controls (66.8%).Of technicians doing TSE, 37.5% did as it came to their mind while 51.7% of controls performed TSE severaltimes in the previous year. Technicians were significantly more afraid of getting TC than controls (p=0.037).Conclusions: It was determined in the present study that rates of TSE were similar between technicians andcontrols. However compliance with the recommended frequency and right method was low. Consequently, publichealth educationshould be planned and applied in order to increase the knowledge of TC and TSE.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10095
10099
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30231_088d5331d47d9148c0a62c2310fc0ffa.pdf
Intrinsic Motivation Factors Based on the Self-Determinant Theory for Regular Breast Cancer Screening
text
article
2014
eng
The purpose of this study was to identify factors of intrinsic motivation that affect regular breast cancerscreening and contribute to development of a program for strategies to improve effective breast cancer screening.Subjects were residing in South Korea Gangwon-Province and were female over 40 and under 69 years of age.For the investigation, the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) was modified to the situation of cancer screeningand was used to survey 905 inhabitants. Multinominal logistic regression analyses were conducted for regularbreast cancer screening (RS), one-time breast cancer screening (OS) and non-breast cancer screening (NS). Forstatistical analysis, IBM SPSS 20.0 was utilized. The determinant factors between RS and NS were “perceivedeffort and choice” and “stress and strain” - internal motivations related to regular breast cancer screening. Also,determinant factors between RS and OS are “age” and “perceived effort and choice” for internal motivationrelated to cancer screening. To increase regular screening, strategies that address individual perceived effortand choice are recommended.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10101
10106
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30232_f94352d615ad5430317bc46751417bc2.pdf
Association of a Pre-miR-27a Polymorphism with Cancer Risk: an Updated Meta-analysis
text
article
2014
eng
MicroRNA-27a is highly expressed in cancers and has been identified as an oncogenic microRNA. A geneticvariant in pre-miR-27a (rs895819) with a transition of A to G has been demonstrated to be associated with cancerrisk; however, the results of these studies remain conflicting rather than conclusive. Therefore, we performed ameta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation. Through searching PubMed or other databases up to March2014 using the following MeSH terms and keywords, “miR-27a”, “polymorphism” and “cancer”, seventeencase-control studies were identified in this meta-analysis, including 7,813 cases and 9,602. Crude odds ratios(ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to investigate the association strengthbetween rs895819 and the susceptibility of cancer. The results of the overall meta-analysis did not suggest anyassociation between rs895819 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility, and this remained in Asians as a subgroup.In Caucasians, however, the rs895819 was associated with a reduced cancer risk in heterozygous (OR,0.83; 95%CI, 0.75-0.93) and dominant models (OR, 0.84; 95%CI, 0.76-0.93), and the [G] allele of rs895819showed a protective effect (OR, 0.90, 95%CI, 0.84-0.97). Further studies showed a significant association betweenthe [G] allele of rs895819 and decreased risk of breast cancer (0.91; 95%CI, 0.85-0.98), and stratified analysesindicated a protective effect of the [G] allele in Caucasians (OR, 0.89; 95%CI, 0.82-0.98), younger breast cancercases (OR, 0.87; 95%CI, 0.79-0.96), and in the group of unilateral breast cancer patients (OR, 0.90; 95%CI,0.83-0.97). These findings suggest an association between pre-miR-27a polymorphism rs895819 and cancer riskin Caucasians. The protective effect of rs895819 [G] allele in younger breast cancer and in the group of unilateralbreast cancer patients await further confirmation since the included studies in this meta-analysis were limited.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10107
10114
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30233_03927a1758ce899ccb8644574ca8ecb2.pdf
IGF-1 from Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Radioresistance of Breast Cancer Cells
text
article
2014
eng
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs)on radioresistance of breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: MTT assays were used to detect any influenceof AMSC supernatants on proliferation of breast cancer cells; cell migration assays were used to determine theeffect of breast cancer cells on the recruitment of AMSCs; the cell survival fraction post-irradiation was assessedby clonogenic survival assay; γ-H2AX foci number post-irradiation was determined via fluorescence microscopy;and expression of IGF-1R was detected by Western blotting. Results: AMSC supernatants promoted proliferationand radioresistance of breast cancer cells. Breast cancer cells could recruit AMSCs, especially after irradiation.IGF-1 derived from AMSCs might be responsible for the radioresistance of breast cancer cells. Conclusions:Our results suggest that AMSCs in the tumor microenvironment may affect the outcome of radiotherapy forbreast cancer in vitro.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10115
10119
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30234_6942e079c167b1738e5bef555c633e99.pdf
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Satisfaction with Care EORTC-in-patsat32 Questionnaire among Iranian Cancer Patients
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Cancers impose an increasing burden on health of the populations and individuals, but little isknown about cancer patient satisfaction with care. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric propertiesof the Persian version of European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) In-Patsat32,as a recently developed questionnaire to assess cancer patient satisfaction with care and information providedduring hospital admission. Materials and Methods: Complying with EORTC protocols, the Persian version ofInpatsat32 was translated and piloted in a small group of patients, then applied to 380 cancer patients admittedto different oncology wards in Tehran. Validity (convergent, discriminant, and divergent) and reliability of thetool was assessed through using multitrait analysis, factor analysis, intraclass correlations, Chronbach’s alphaand test-retest (on a sample of 70 patients). Results: Good acceptance and high sensitivity of the questionnairewith low floor and ceiling effects were recognized, indicating power of the instrument to detect differencesbetween groups with heterogeneous levels of satisfaction. Multitrait scaling analyses supported the convergentvalidity of the majority of scales (correlation coefficient >0.4) and favorable discriminant validity (item own scalecorrelation >0.8). There was no correlation between In-patsat32 scales and the EORTC-C30, which measuresdifferent concepts, confirming divergent validity of the tool. Internal consistency for all domains was high (α>0.70)except for the hospital access score and the test-retest reliability was excellent (r=0.86-0.96). There was a weakresponsiveness to change except for nurses technical skills. Principle component analysis confirmed five domainswith much improved internal consistency (α>0.9). Conclusions: The Persian version of the EORTC-in-patsat32module is a reliable and valid instrument to measure cancer patient satisfaction with care received during theirhospitalization period and can be utilized in clinical cancer research.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10121
10128
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30235_ecf20d331beb999c9b6e44e22d24c77f.pdf
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Tobacco Use and Its Impact on Oral Health Status of 12 and 15 Year-Old School Children of Chhattisgarh, India
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of deaths worldwide; the situation is particularlyserious in the developing countries. Tobacco use amongst the children and adolescents is already a pandemicand they are vulnerable targets of tobacco industry. This is also the case in India. Objectives: 1) Document andmonitor the prevalence of tobacco use including smoked, smokeless and other forms of tobacco; 2) Understandstudentknowledge and attitudes related to tobacco use and its health impact; 3) Assess the impact of tobacco onthe oral health status of school-going children in India. Materials and Methods: The sample was 1,500 schoolchildren of the age group 12-15 years age. A pretested, close ended questionnaire was administered in the formof extensive face to face interview to understand student knowledge, attitudes and behavior related to tobaccouse and its health impact and to assess the prevalence of tobacco use including smoked, smokeless and otherforms of tobacco. Oral health status was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Frequencydistribution, Chi-square tests and Odd’s ratio was calculated. Results: Prevalence of tobacco usage amongst theprevalence was 20.4%: 9.2% reported smoking, 15.8% used tobacco in the chewable form and 25.3% childrenwere involved in consuming betel nut/areca nuts. The OR (Odd’s ratio) for calculus formation was highest forguthka chewers (OR=14.322), paan masala chewers had the highest odds of developing bleeding on probingwhen compared to the others. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to launch school-based tobacco preventionprograms for community awareness of children and the public, as preventing the initiation of a habit is far easierthan stopping it.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10129
10135
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30236_93f9b9ffef861b3ee6a247f4dce49ddb.pdf
An in silico Appraisal to Identify High Affinity Anti-Apoptotic Synthetic Tetrapeptide Inhibitors Targeting the Mammalian Caspase 3 Enzyme
text
article
2014
eng
Apoptosis is a general phenomenon of all multicellular organisms and caspases form a group of importantproteins central to suicide of cells. Pathologies like cancer, Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Sepsis, Alzheimer’s,Psoriasis, Parkinson and Huntington diseases are often associated with change in caspase 3 mediated apoptosisand therefore, caspases may serve as potential inhibitory targets for drug development. In the present study,two series of synthetic acetylated tetrapeptides containing aldehyde and fluromethyl keto groups respectivelyat the C terminus were proposed. All these compounds were evaluated for binding affinity against caspase 3structure. In series 1 compound Ac-DEHD-CHO demonstrated appreciable and high binding affinity (RerankScore: -138.899) against caspase 3. While in series 2 it was Ac-WEVD-FMK which showed higher binding affinity(Rerank Score: -139.317). Further these two compounds met ADMET properties and demonstrated to be nontoxic.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10137
10142
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30237_16e07c339b2d8b5a9c8ebd4eaf8feda8.pdf
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus 16 in Esophageal Cancer Among the Chinese Population: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
text
article
2014
eng
Background and Aim: No firm evidence of HPV infection in esophageal cancer has been established to date.The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the prevalence of HPV 16 in esophageal cancer in China, whichhad a high burden of the disease. Materials and Methods: Studies on HPV infection and esophageal cancerwere identified and a random-effects model was used to pool the summary prevalence and corresponding 95%confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 3,429 esophageal cancer cases were evaluated from 26 eligiblestudies in this meta-analysis. The summary estimate for HPV16 prevalence was 0.381 (95% CI: 0.283, 0.479).The prevalence varied by geographical areas of the study, publication year, HPV detection method and types ofspecimen. In sensitivity analysis, HPV 16 prevalence ranged from 0.368 (95% CI: 0.276, 0.460) to 0.397 (95%CI: 0.286, 0.508). Conclusions: The results indicate a relatively high level of HPV 16 prevalence in esophagealcancer among Chinese population, although there was variation between different variables. Further studiesare needed to elucidate the role of HPV in esophageal carcinogenesis with careful consideration of study designand laboratory detection method, providing more accurate assessment of the HPV status in esophageal cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10143
10149
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30238_9edddb0abc1be0630bd52925bc2bc51a.pdf
4-Hydroxynonenal Promotes Growth and Angiogenesis of Breast Cancer Cells through HIF-1α Stabilization
text
article
2014
eng
4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is a stable end product of lipid peroxidation, which has been shown to play animportant role in cell signal transduction, while increasing cell growth and differentiation. 4-HNE could inhibitphosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) activity in hepatocytes and increased levels have been found in humaninvasive breast cancer. Here we report that 4-HNE increased the cell growth of breast cancer cells as revealedby colony formation assay. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was elevated,while protein levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) were up-regulated. Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), a majormitochondria NAD+-dependent deacetylase, is reported to destabilize HIF-1α. Here, 4-HNE could inhibit thedeacetylase activity of SIRT3 by thiol-specific modification. We further demonstrated that the regulation by4-HNE of levels of HIF-1α and VEGF depends on SIRT3. Consistent with this, 4-HNE could not increase thecell growth in SIRT3 knockdown breast cancer cells. Additionally, 4-HNE promoted angiogenesis and invasionof breast cancer cells in a SIRT3-dependent manner. In conclusion, we propose that 4-HNE promotes growth,invasion and angiogenesis of breast cancer cells through the SIRT3-HIF-1α-VEGF axis.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10151
10156
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30135_ee2b72dc8fa0fc69c2957e6730a988f6.pdf
Factors that Influence Awareness of Breast Cancer Screening among Arab Women in Qatar: Results from a Cross Sectional Survey
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the State of Qatar. Due to lowparticipation in breast cancer screening (BCS) activities, women in Qatar are often diagnosed with breast cancerat advanced stages of the disease. Findings indicate that low participation rates in BCS activities are significantlyrelated to women’s low level of awareness of breast cancer screening. The objectives of this study were to: (1)determine the factors that influence Qatari women’s awareness of breast cancer and its screening activities:and (2) to find ways to effectively promote breast cancer screening activities among Arabic speaking womenin Qatar. Materials and Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional quantitative survey of 1,063 (87.5% responserate) female Qatari citizens and non-Qatari Arabic-speaking residents, 35 years of age or older, was conductedin Qatar from March 2011 to July 2011. Outcome measures included participant awareness levels of the mostrecent national recommended guidelines of BCS, participation rates in BCS activities, and factors related toawareness of BCS activities. Results: While most participants (90.7%) were aware of breast cancer, less thanhalf had awareness of BCS practices (28.9% were aware of breast self-examination and 41.8% of clinical breastexams, while 26.4% knew that mammography was recommended by national screening guidelines. Only 7.6% hadknowledge of all three BCS activities). Regarding BCS practice, less than one-third practiced BCS appropriately(13.9% of participants performed breast self-examination (BSE) monthly, 31.3% had a clinical breast exam(CBE) once a year or once every two years, and 26.9% of women 40 years of age or older had a mammogramonce every year or two years). Awareness of BCS was significantly related to BCS practice, education level, andreceipt of information about breast cancer and/or BCS from a variety of sources, particularly doctors and themedia. Conclusions: The low levels of participation rates in BCS among Arab women in this study indicate astrong need to increase awareness of the importance of breast cancer screening in Qatari women. Without thisawareness, compliance with the most recent breast cancer screening recommendations in Qatar will remainlow. An increased effort to implement mass media and public health campaigns regarding the impact of breastcancer on women’s health and the benefits of early detection of breast cancer must be coupled with an enhancedparticipation of health care providers in delivering this message to Qatar population.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10157
10164
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30136_95864912bd020dc19b3491590bb328da.pdf
Can Megestrol Acetate Induce Thrombosis in Advanced Oncology Patients Receiving Chemotherapy?
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Megestrol acetate (MA) is a steroid origin medicine often used for control of cachexia in oncologicpalliative care. Thrombosis is a common problem in oncology patients. One question is whether MA can causethrombosis. This retrospective, registry-based analysis was therefore conducted to assess thrombotic processes inoncology patients using MA concurrent with chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Data on oncology patientsat the metastatic stage using MA were obtained from the archives of our center. Outcomes of patients wereevaluated for thromboembolic events (VTEs) during treatment. Results: Ninety-seven oncology patients witha median age of 62 (33-84) years were included. During the median follow-up of 17 months, 58 (59.8%) diedleaving 39 (31.2%) still alive. Median overall survival (OS) was 19 months (6-180). Mean time of MA use was 8.69months(±3.53), with a median dose of 160mg (range 160-480mg). Eleven VTEs were detected after MA use, 4 ofthese in pancreatic cancer cases. The patients with thrombosis non-significantly had worse OS, than those withoutthrombosis (p=0.106). Conclusions: This trial revealed that the 11.3% of all patients developed thrombosis,whohad been treated with MA and chemotherapy concomittantly. There was no statistically significant differenceregarding to occurrence of thrombotic process, among the patients receiving different chemotherapy regimenswith MA concomittantly. Pancreatic cancer seemed to be related to thrombosis rather than MA use.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10165
10169
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30137_51420f963ba7cb6dc290caeebc6aebe7.pdf
Differences in the Prognostic Significance of the SUVmax between Patients with Resected Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of the maximumstandardized uptake value (SUVmax) on F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)in patients undergoing surgical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Seventy-eightconsecutive patients (58 with adenocarcinomas, 20 with squamous cell carcinomas) treated with potentiallycurative surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The SUVmax was significantly higher in the patientswith recurrent than with non-recurrent adenocarcinoma (p<0.01). However, among the patients with squamouscell carcinoma, there were no differences with or without recurrence (p=0.69). Multivariate analysis indicatedthat the SUVmax of adenocarcinoma lesions was a significant predictor of disease-free survival (p=0.04). Inaddition, an SUVmax of 6.19, the cut-off point based on ROC curve analysis of the patients with pathological IBor more advanced stage adenocarcinomas, was found to be a significant predictor of disease-free survival (p<0.01).Conclusions: SUVmax is a useful predictor of disease-free survival in patients with resected adenocarcinoma, butnot squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with adenocarcinoma exhibiting an SUVmax above 6.19 are candidatesfor more intensive adjuvant therapy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10171
10174
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30239_4d0a1074bef5737c6cf25a1f9589cc64.pdf
The RTEL1 rs6010620 Polymorphism and Glioma Risk: a Meta-analysis Based on 12 Case-control Studies
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The association between the RTEL1 rs6010620 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and gliomarisk has been extensively studied. However, the results remain inconclusive. To further examine this association,we performed a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: A computerized search of the PubMed and Embasedatabases for publications regarding the RTEL1 rs6010620 polymorphism and glioma cancer risk was performed.Genotype data were analyzed in a meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) wereestimated to assess the association. Sensitivity analyses, tests of heterogeneity, cumulative meta-analyses, andassessments of bias were performed in our meta-analysis. Results: Our meta-analysis confirmed that risk withallele A is lower than with allele G for glioma. The A allele of rs6010620 in RTEL1 decreased the risk of developingglioma in the 12 case-control studies for all genetic models: the allele model (OR=0.752, 95%CI: 0.715-0.792),the dominant model (OR=0.729, 95%CI: 0.685-0.776), the recessive model (OR=0.647, 95%CI: 0.569-0.734), thehomozygote comparison (OR=0.528, 95%CI: 0.456-0.612), and the heterozygote comparison (OR=0.761, 95%CI:0.713-0.812). Conclusions: In all genetic models, the association between the RTEL1 rs6010620 polymorphismand glioma risk was significant. This meta-analysis suggests that the RTEL1 rs6010620 polymorphism may be arisk factor for glioma. Further functional studies evaluating this polymorphism and glioma risk are warranted.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10175
10179
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30240_5418d405c9b8e01b835d5f74eb8c66b1.pdf
MiR-323-5p acts as a Tumor Suppressor by Targeting the Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor in Human Glioma Cells
text
article
2014
eng
Background: MicroRNAs, small noncoding RNA molecules, can regulate mammalian cell growth, apoptosisand differentiation by controlling the expression of target genes. The aim of this study was to investigate thefunction of miR-323-5p in the glioma cell line, U251. Materials and Methods: After over-expression of miR-323-5p using miR-323-5p mimics, cell growth, apoptosis and migration were tested by MTT, flow cytometry and cellwound healing assay, respectively. We also assessed the influence of miR-323-5p on the mRNA expression of IGF-1R by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), and on the protein levels by Western blotanalysi. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine the target site of miR-323-5pto IGF-1R 3’UTR. Results: Our findings showed that over-expression of miR-323-5p could promote apoptosisof U251 and inhibit the proliferation and migration of the glioma cells. Conclusions: This study demonstratedthat increased expression of miR-323-5p might be related to glioma progression, which indicates a potential roleof miR-323-5p for clinical therapy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10181
10185
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30241_cc04d32e8de1734acea9f52da1232683.pdf
Association of CYP39A1, RUNX2 and Oxidized Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Expression in Relation to Cholangiocarcinoma Progression
text
article
2014
eng
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are a large family of constitutive and inducible mono-oxygenase enzymesthat play a central role in the oxidative metabolism of both xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. SeveralCYPs are involved in metabolism of oxysterols, which are cholesterol oxidation products whose expression maybe dysregulated in inflammation-related diseases including cancer. This study focused on CYP39A1, whichcan metabolize 24-hydroxycholesterol (24-OH) that plays important roles in the inflammatory response andoxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the expression status of CYP39A1 and its transcription factor (RUNX2)in relation to clinical significance in cholangiocarcinoma (CCAs) and to determine whether 24-OH could induceoxidative stress in CCA cell lines. Immunohistochemistry showed that 70% and 30% of CCA patients hadlow and high expression of CYP39A1, respectively. Low expression of CYP39A1 demonstrated a significantcorrelation with metastasis. Our results also revealed that the expression of RUNX2 had a positive correlationwith CYP39A1. Low expression of both CYP39A1 (70%) and RUNX2 (37%) was significantly related with poorprognosis of CCA patients. Interestingly, oxidized alpha-1 antitrypsin (ox-A1AT), an oxidative stress marker,was significantly increased in CCA tissues in which CYP39A1 and RUNX2 were down regulated. Additionally,immunocytochemistry showed that 24-OH could induce ox-A1AT in CCA cell lines. In conclusion, our studyrevealed putative roles of the CYP39A1 enzyme in prognostic determination of CCAs.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10187
10192
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30242_04f6dbadf5d192d62ba16d3f7084540c.pdf
Demographic Survey of Four Thousand Patients with 10 Common Cancers in North Eastern Iran over the Past Three Decades
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Cancer is a major cause of mortality in developing countries and correct and valid informationabout the epidemiology of this disease is the first step in the planning of health care in each region. The aim of thisstudy was to determine the relative frequency, mean age and sex ratio of the most 10 common non-skin cancersin the world and Iran, among patients referred to an oncology clinic. Materials and Methods: This descriptivestudy was conducted in Mashhad, north east of Iran. The data obtained from the records of patients referredto the private oncology center between the years of 1985-2012.” According to the latest report of GLOBOCANstudy commonest malignancies included were lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, stomach, liver, cervix, esophageal,bladder cancers and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Results: A total of 4,606 cases were analyzed. The mean age was55.5±13.8years (male: 59.5±13.9, female: 52.6±12.9). Overall, breast cancer (1,264 cases, relative frequency of27.4%) was the most prevalent cancer; however the mean ages of diagnosis were not significantly different between5-year time period divisions (p=0.290). The most common cancer in men was esophageal cancer (26.3%).Thelowest mean age was related to women diagnosed with breast cancer (48.5±11.8) and men with non-Hodgkinslymphoma (48.4±17.8). There were statistically significant differences between the mean age of men and womenwith gastric (p=0.003) and esophageal cancers (p<0.001). Male to female sex ratios in our study for bladder, lungand stomach cancers were 6.57, 2.60 and 2.50 respectively. Conclusions: The results showed that breast cancertends to be found in younger female patients and bladder cancer appears more often in men. Screening in targetpopulation in addition to early diagnosis may reduce death and disability.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10193
10198
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30243_fbda643400ade82d543640e6afe20647.pdf
Developing a Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 7-12 for Children and Parents
text
article
2014
eng
Background: This study was planned in an attempt to develop scales for the assessment of fatigue in pediatriconcology patients aged 7-12 as well as for their parents. Materials and Methods: In collecting the study data,we used the Child and Parent Information Form, Visual Fatigue Scale, Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue inPediatric Oncology Patients Aged 7-12 and the Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology PatientsAged 7-12 for Parents. We also used Pearson correlation analysis, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient, Factor Analysisand ROC Analysis for the study data. Results: In this study, the total Cronbach alpha value of the parent formwas 0.95, the total factor load was 0.52-0.95 and the total variance being explained was 85.7%. The cutoff pointof the parent form was 82 points. The total Cronbach alpha value of the child form was 0.98, the total factorload was 0.71-0.94 and the total variance being explained was 84.7%. The cutoff point of the child form was75 points. Conclusions: This study suggests that our scales for the assessment of fatigue in pediatric oncologypatients aged 7-12 and their parents are valid and reliable instruments.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10199
10207
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30244_ca662bd6fd97777ce81848110cf03cd4.pdf
Independent and Additive Interaction Between Tumor Necrosis Factor β +252 Polymorphisms and Chronic Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection on Risk and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Case-Control Study
text
article
2014
eng
To assess the contribution of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)β +252 polymorphisms to risk and prognosis ofhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we enrolled 150 pairs of sex- and age-matched patients with HCC, patientswith cirrhosis alone, and unrelated healthy controls. TNFβ +252 genotypes were determined by polymerasechain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism. Multivariate analysis indicated that TNFβ G/Ggenotype [odds ratio (OR), 3.64; 95%CI, 1.49-8.91], hepatitis B surface antigen (OR, 16.38; 95%CI, 8.30-32.33),and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) (OR, 39.11; 95%CI, 14.83-103.14) were independent risk factors forHCC. There was an additive interaction between TNFβ G/G genotype and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)/HCVinfection (synergy index=1.15). Multivariate analysis indicated that factors associated with TNFβ G/G genotypeincluded cirrhosis with Child-Pugh C (OR, 4.06; 95%CI, 1.34-12.29), thrombocytopenia (OR, 6.55; 95%CI,1.46-29.43), and higher serum α-fetoprotein concentration (OR, 2.53; 95%CI, 1.14-5.62). Patients with TNFβG/G genotype had poor cumulative survival (p=0.005). Cox proportional hazard model indicated that TNFβ G/Ggenotype was a biomarker for poor HCC survival (hazard ratio, 1.70; 95%CI, 1.07-2.69). In conclusion, thereare independent and additive effects between TNFβ G/G genotype and chronic HBV/HCV infection on risk forHCC. It is a biomarker for poor HCC survival. Carriage of this genotype correlates with disease severity andadvanced hepatic fibrosis, which may contribute to a higher risk and poor survival of HCC. Chronic HBV/HCVinfected subjects with this genotype should receive more intensive surveillance for early detection of HCC.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10209
10215
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30245_79ffbbe9ebfe3b35f57218084ce37eb7.pdf
ST6Gal-I Predicts Postoperative Clinical Outcome for Patients with Localized Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
text
article
2014
eng
Hyperactivated α2-6-sialylation on N-glycans due to overexpression of the Golgi enzyme β-galactoside: α2-6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal-I) often correlates with cancer progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis. This studywas aimed to determine the association between ST6Gal-I expression and the risk of recurrence and survival ofpatients with localized clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) following surgery. We retrospectively enrolled 391patients (265 in training cohort and 126 in validation cohort) with localized ccRCC underwent nephrectomy at asingle center. Tissue microarrays were constructed for immunostaining of ST6Gal-I. Prognostic value and clinicaloutcomes were evaluated. High ST6Gal-I expression was associated with Fuhrman grade (p<0.001 and p=0.016,respectively) and the University of California Los-Angeles Integrated Staging System (UISS) score (p=0.004 andp=0.017, respectively) in both cohorts. Patients with high ST6Gal-I expression had significantly worse overallsurvival (OS) (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and recurrence free survival (RFS) (p<0.001 and p=0.002,respectively) than those with low expression in both cohorts. On multivariate analysis, ST6Gal-I expressionremained associated with OS and RFS even after adjusting for the UISS score. Stratified analysis suggestedthat the association is more pronounced among patients with low and intermediate-risk disease defined by theUISS score. High ST6Gal-I expression is a potential independent adverse predictor of survival and recurrencein ccRCC patients, and the prognostic value is most prominent in those with low and intermediate-risk diseasedefined by the UISS score.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10217
10223
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30246_3e18aae91e08142c3bea1c892ecba969.pdf
Correlation between Selected XRCC2, XRCC3 and RAD51 Gene Polymorphisms and Primary Breast Cancer in Women in Pakistan
text
article
2014
eng
Genetic polymorphisms in homologous recombination repair genes cause an abnormal development ofcancerous cells. In the present study we evaluated the possibility of breast cancer association with single nucleotidepolymorphisms of RAD51, XRCC2 and XRCC3 genes. Polymorphisms selected in this study were RAD51 135G/C,XRCC2 Arg188His; and XRCC3 Thr241Met. Each polymorphism was genotyped using Polymerase chainreaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in study cohort of 306 females (156 breast cancer patientsand 150 controls). We observed that heterozygous variant genotype (GC) of RAD51 135 G/C polymorphism wasassociated with a significantly (OR=2.70; 95%CI (0.63-1.79); p<0.03) increased risk of breast cancer. In caseof the XRCC3 gene we observed that frequency of heterozygous (OR=2.88; 95%CI (1.02-8.14); p<0.02) andhomozygous (OR=1.46; 95%CI (0.89-2.40); p<0.04) genotype of Thr241Met polymorphism were significantlyhigher in breast cancer patients. For the Arg188His polymorphism of XRCC2, ~2fold increase in breast cancerrisk (OR=1.6, 95%CI = 0.73-3.50) was associated with GA genotype with a p value for trend of 0.03. Our resultssuggest that the 135G/C polymorphism of the RAD51, Thr241Met polymorphism of XRCC3 and Arg188Hispolymorphism of XRCC2 can be independent markers of breast cancer risk in Pakistan.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10225
10229
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30247_07ed89330ffb0f86ce5790a60bd6b014.pdf
Preoperative Thrombocytosis and Poor Prognostic Factors in Endometrial Cancer
text
article
2014
eng
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of preoperative thrombocytosis and its prognostic significancein Thai patients with endometrial cancer. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 238 cases whohad undergone surgical staging procedures between January 2005 and December 2008. Associations betweenclinicopathological variables and preoperative platelet counts were analyzed using Pearson’s chi square or twotailedFisher’s exact tests. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier estimates. Univariate and Coxregressionmodels were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of various factors including platelet count in termsof disease-free survival and overall survival. The mean preoperative platelet count was 315,437/μL (SD 100,167/μL). Patients who had advanced stage, adnexal involvement, lymph node metastasis, and positive peritonealcytology had significantly higher mean preoperative platelet counts when compared with those who had not.We found thrombocytosis (platelet count greater than 400,000/μL) in 18.1% of our patients with endometrialcancer. These had significant higher rates of advanced stage, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, positiveperitoneal cytology, and lymph node involvement than patients with a normal pretreatment platelet count. The5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly lower in patients who had thrombocytosiscompared with those who had not (67.4% vs. 85.1%, p=0.001 and 86.0% vs. 94.9%, p=0.034, respectively).Thrombocytosis was shown to be a prognostic factor in the univariate but not the multivariate analysis. Inconclusion, presence of thrombocytosis is not uncommon in endometrial cancer and may reflect unfavorableprognostic factors but its prognostic impact on survival needs to be clarified in further studies.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10231
10236
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30248_cfffc247bc1422ab9676ab428c0cac45.pdf
Risk Factors of Prostate Cancer: a Case-control Study in Faisalabad, Pakistan
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Prostate cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer among males in Pakistan but verylittle is known about risk factors among the Pakistani population. Therefore a hospital-based, case-control studywas carried out in Faisalabad to identify potential risk factors. Materials and Methods: This study was basedon 140 prostate cancer cases and 280 normal controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and95% confidence intervals for odds ratios to assess the relationship between prostate cancer and different riskfactors. Results: Family history of prostate cancer, age, smoking, obesity, consumption of red meat and frequentuse of fat items significantly increased the prostate cancer risk (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of:7.32; 1.79-29.8; 16.9, 5.60-50.8; 2.47, 1.17-5.18; 5.79, 2.66-12.6; 2.71, 1.07-6.91; and 3.39, 1.47-7.83, respectively.On the other hand, more consumption of fruit, fluid intake and better lifestyle (physical activity) significantlyreduced the risk of developing prostate cancer with odd ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of:0.27, 0.11-0.61; 0.05, 0.02-0.12; and 0.28, 0.13- 0.58. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggested thatage, family history of prostate cancer, smoking, obesity, fluid intake, frequent use of fat items, consumption offruits and better lifestyle might be associated with prostate cancer among Pakistani males.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10237
10240
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30249_a1a8cc1b9639c1fd55dbf7875574ca79.pdf
Efficacy of Bifidobacterium Tetragenous Viable Bacteria Tablets for Cancer Patients with Functional Constipation
text
article
2014
eng
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and side effects of Bifidobacterium tetragenous viable bacteria tablets intreating cancer patients with functional constipation during chemotherapy. Methods: A consecutive cohort of100 cancer patients with functional constipation were divided into two equal groups: patients in the experimentalgroup were given Bifidobacterium tetragenous viable bacteria tablets combined with chemotherapy, while patientsin the control group received chemotherapy alone. After 4 weeks, the efficacy and side effects in treating functionalconstipation were evaluated. Results: Constipation in 48 patients in experimental group was controlled (9returned to normal), with a total response rate of 96%, and 1 patient reported diarrhea (2%). In contrast only16 patients in the control group demonstrated improvement and 34 were still constipated after chemotherapy,with a response rate of 32%. The difference in response rate was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion:This study suggested that Bifidobacterium tetragenous viable bacteria tablets are effective and safe in treatingcancer patients with functional constipation during chemotherapy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10241
10244
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30250_d288c3049ed68e81bcccb81027856e54.pdf
Dexamethasone Disrupts Cytoskeleton Organization and Migration of T47D Human Breast Cancer Cells by Modulating the AKT/mTOR/RhoA Pathway
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Glucocorticoids are commonly co-administered with chemotherapy to prevent drug-inducedallergic reactions, nausea, and vomiting, and have anti-tumor functions clinically; however, the distinct effectsof GC on subtypes of tumor cells, especially in breast cancer cells, are still not well understood. In this study,we aimed to clarify the effect of GC on subtypes of T47D breast cancer cells by focusing on apoptosis, cellorganization and migration, and underluing molecular mechanisms. Materials and Methods: The cell scratchtest was performed to observe the cell migration rate in T47D cells treated with dexamethasone (Dex). Hoechstand MTT assays were conducted to detect cell survival and rhodamine-labeled phalloidin staining to observecytoskeleton dynamics. Related factors in the AKT/mTOR pathway were determined by Western blotting. Results:Dex treatment could effectively inhibit T47D breast cancer cell migration with disruption of the cytoskeletaldynamic organization. Moreover, the effect of Dex on cell migration and cytoskeleton may be mediated by AKT/mTOR/RhoA pathway. Although Dex inhibited T47D cell migration, it alone may not induce cell apoptosis inT47D cells. Conclusions: Dex in T47D human breast cancer cells could effectively inhibit cell migration bydisrupting the cytoskeletal dynamic organization, which may be mediated by the AKT/mTOR/RhoA pathway.Our work suggests that glucocorticoid/Dex clinical use may prove helpful for the treatment of breast cancermetastasis.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10245
10250
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30253_b60cb393e34a147e73bc61b302b5d9cf.pdf
Risk Awareness on Uterine Cancer among Australian Women
text
article
2014
eng
Uterine cancer is the most common invasive gynaecological cancer in Australia. Early detection is a keypredictive factor achieved by increasing public awareness and participation in screening. This observationalstudy measures awareness of gynaecological malignancies, particularly uterine, among women in two ruralareas of New South Wales, Australia. Patients presenting to gynaecology clinics in January to March 2014 wereinvited to complete a structured questionnaire. Women with a history of cancer and incomplete questionnaireswere excluded. Of the 382 patients invited to participate, 329 (86%) responded with complete feedback. Mostrespondents were younger than than 50 years (66%) and married with at least 2 children (74%). The majority(94%) of participants had no awareness of uterine cancer and many (46%) were unable to identify common riskfactors including obesity, diabetes and hypertension. The ability to identify risk factors was correlated to age,marital status and obesity. The study identifies poor awareness on uterine malignancies in two typical areas ofrural Australia. Although external validity is limited by sociological factors, poor awareness of uterine canceramong rural patients in this study represents a valid public health concern. It is imperative to improve awarenessof uterine cancer and available screening programs to facilitate early detection and cure.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10251
10254
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30254_a59cdd0afbd9ce312d8fd8116d3a4ae1.pdf
Polymorphisms and Functional Analysis of the Intact Human Papillomavirus16 E2 Gene
text
article
2014
eng
High risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) E2 proteins play roles in transcriptional regulation and arecommonly functionally disrupted when the HPV genome integrates into host chromosomes. Some 15-40%of cancer cases, however, contain an intact E2 gene or episomal HPV. In these cases, polymorphism of the E2gene might be involved. This study aimed to determine polymorphisms of the E2 gene in episomal HPV16detected in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinomas and altered functionscompared to the E2 prototype. The E2 gene was amplified and sequenced. Two expression vectors containingE2 gene polymorphisms were constructed and transfected in SiHa and C33A cells, then E6 gene as well as Il-10 and TNF-α expression was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Expression vectors and reporter vectorscontaining the HPV16 long control region (LCR) were co-transfected and transcriptional activity was determined.The results showed that a total of 32 nucleotides and 23 amino acids were changed in all 20 cases of study,found in the transactivation (TA) domain, hinge (H) region and DNA binding (DB) domain with 14, 5 and 13nucleotide positions. They mostly caused amino acid change. The expressing vectors containing different E2gene polymorphisms showed E6 mRNA suppression, TNF-α mRNA suppression and IL-10 induction but nostatistically significant differences when compared to the E2 prototype. Moreover, promoter activity in HPV16LCR was not affected by E2 protein with different gene polymorphisms, in contrast to nucleotide variations inLCR that showed an effect on transcription activity. These results demonstrated that E2 gene polymorphismsof episomal HPV16 did not affect transcriptional regulation and suggested that nucleotide variation as well asepigenetic modification of the LCR might play a role in inducing malignant transformation of cells containingepisomal HPV16.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10255
10262
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30255_5113a786a75aa71141fcbd590dd623a4.pdf
Risk of Treatment Related Death and Febrile Neutropaenia with First Line Palliative Chemotherapy for De Novo Metastatic Breast Cancer in Clinical Practice in a MiddleResource Country
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The risk of febrile neutropaenia (FN) and treatment related death (TRD) with first line palliativechemotherapy for de novo metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains unknown outside of a clinical trial settingdespite its widespread usage. This study aimed to determine rates in a large cohort of patients treated in theUniversity of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). Materials and Methods: Patients who were treated with first linepalliative chemotherapy for de novo MBC from 2002-2011 in UMMC were identified from the UMMC BreastCancer Registry. Information collected included patient demographics, histopathological features, treatmentreceived, including the different chemotherapy regimens, and presence of FN and TRD. FN was defined as anoral temperature >38.5°C or two consecutive readings of >38.0°C for 2 hours and an absolute neutrophil count<0.5x109/L, or expected to fall below 0.5x109/L (de Naurois et al, 2010). TRD was defined as death occurringduring or within 30 days of the last chemotherapy treatment, as a consequence of the chemotherapy treatment.Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 18.0 software. Survival probabilities were estimatedusing the Kaplan-Meier method and differences in survival compared using log-rank test. Results: Between 1stJanuary 2002 and 31st December 2011, 424 patients with MBC were treated in UMMC. A total of 186 out of221 patients with de novo MBC who received first line palliative chemotherapy were analyzed. The mean ageof patients in this study was 49.5 years (range 24 to 74 years). Biologically, ER status was negative in 54.4%of patients and Her-2 status was positive in 31.1%. A 5-flourouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (FEC)chemotherapy regimen was chosen for 86.6% of the cases. Most patients had multiple metastatic sites (58.6%).The main result of this study showed a FN rate of 5.9% and TRD rate of 3.2%. The median survival (MS) forthe entire cohort was 19 months. For those with multiple metastatic sites, liver only, lung only, bone only andbrain only metastatic sites, the MS was 18, 24, 19, 24 and 8 months respectively (p-value= 0.319). Conclusions:In conclusion, we surmise that FEC is a safe regimen with acceptable FN and TRD rates for de novo MBC.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10263
10266
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30256_318b221a7b79a5aeddc1c0bfde83b0c4.pdf
Tumor Markers for Diagnosis, Monitoring of Recurrence and Prognosis in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer
text
article
2014
eng
To evaluate the value of combined detection of serum CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, AFP, CA72-4, SCC, TPA andTPS for the clinical diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer and to analyze the efficacy of thesetumor markers (TMs) in evaluating curative effects and prognosis. A total of 573 patients with upper GIT cancerbetween January 2004 and December 2007 were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2,AFP, CA72-4, SCC, TPA and TPS were examined preoperatively and every 3 months postoperatively by ELISA.The sensitivity of CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, AFP, CA72-4, SCC, TPA and TPS were 26.8%, 36.2%, 42.9%, 2.84%,25.4%, 34.6%, 34.2% and 30.9%, respectively. The combined detection of CEA+CA199+CA242+CA724 hadhigher sensitivity and specificity in gastric cancer (GC) and cardiac cancer, while CEA+CA199+CA242+SCCwas the best combination of diagnosis for esophageal cancer (EC). Elevation of preoperative CEA, CA19-9 andCA24-2, SCC and CA72-4 was significantly associated with pathological types (p<0.05) and TNM staging (p<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that CA24-2 was significantly correlated with CA19-9 (r=0.810, p<0.001). The levelsof CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, CA72-4 and SCC decreased obviously 3 months after operations. When metastasisand recurrence occurred, the levels of TMs significantly increased. On multivariate analysis, high preoperativeCA72-4, CA24-2 and SCC served as prognostic factors for cardiac carcinoma, GC and EC, respectively. combineddetection of CEA+CA199+CA242+SCC proved to be the most economic and practical strategy in diagnosis of EC;CEA+CA199+CA242+CA724 proved to be a better evaluation indicator for cardiac cancer and GC. CEA andCA19-9, CA24-2, CA72-4 and SCC, examined postoperatively during follow-up, were useful to find early tumorrecurrence and metastasis, and evaluate prognosis. AFP, TPA and TPS have no significant value in diagnosis ofpatients with upper GIT cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10267
10272
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30257_750143189587feaadab007e9ee6aeb2d.pdf
Clinical Study of Nimotuzumab Combined with Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Late Stage Gastric Cancer
text
article
2014
eng
Objective: To explore the clinical effects of nimotuzumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment oflate gastric cancer. Methods: A total of 34 reoccurrence or metastatic patients with late stage gastric cancer whowere confirmed by histopathology and/or cytology were selected and randomly divided into observational andcontrol groups, of 17 cases each. Patients in the control group were treated with the standard DCF plan, whilepatients in observational group additionally received nimotuzumab. The short-term and long-term efficacy andadverse reactions in the 2 groups were followed. Results: The objective response rate (ORR) and disease controlrate (DCR) were 64.7% (11/17) and 82.4% (14/17) in observational group and 25.0%(4/16) and 37.5%(6/16)in the control group(ORR and DCR between 2 groups, χ2=5.2412, P=0.0221 and χ2=6.9453, P=0.0084). Themedian progression-free survival (PFS) time and median overall survival (OS) time were 6.50 months and 12.50months in observational group and 4.50 months and 8.25 months in the control group (P=0.0212; P=0.0255). Themain toxic and side effects in the 2 groups were reduced leukocytes and hemoglobin, gastrointestinal reactionsand hair loss and these were relieved after symptomatic treatment and nutrition support therapy. There wereno differences in the occurrence of toxic and side effects between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Nimotuzumabcombined with DCF plan is effective in treating late stage gastric cancer. A larger scale study is now warrantedfor confirmation of the findings.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10273
10276
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30258_aae1953e3f411ebc713da0a8e525c0d9.pdf
Correlation between Ki67 and Histological Grade in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Preoperative Chemotherapy
text
article
2014
eng
Background and Aim: Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease and cell proliferation markers may helpto identify subtypes of clinical interest. We here analyzed the correlation between cell proliferation determinedby Ki67 and HG in BC patients undergoing preoperative chemotherapy (PCT). Materials and Methods: Weobtained clinical/pathological data from patients with invasive BC treated at our institution from 1999 until2012. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), epidermal growth factor receptor type2 (HER2) and Ki67 were determined by immuno-histochemistry (IHC). Clinicopathological subtypes weredefined as: Luminal A, ER and/or PR positive, HER2 negative, HG 1 or 2; Luminal B, ER and/or PR positive,HER2 negative or positive and/or HG 3; triple negative (TN), ER, PR and HER2 negative independent ofHG; HER2 positive, ER, PR negative and HER2 positive, independent of HG. By using Ki67, a value of 14%separated Luminal A and B tumors, independently of the histological grade. We analyzed correlations betweenKi67 and HG, to define BC subtypes and their predictive value for response to PCT. Results: 1,560 BC patientswere treated in the period, 147 receiving PCT (9.5%). Some 57 had sufficient clinicopathological information tobe included in the study. Median age was 52 years (26-72), with 87.7% invasive ductal carcinomas (n=50). Weperformed IHC for Ki67 in 40 core biopsies and 50 surgical biopsies, 37 paired samples with Ki67 before andafter chemotherapy being available. There was no significant correlation between Ki67 and HG (p=0.237), bothcategorizing patients into different subtypes. In most cases Ki67 decreased after PCT (65.8%). Only 3 patientshad pathologic complete response (cPR). Conclusions: In our experience we did not find associations betweenKi67 and HG. Determination of clinicopathological luminal subtypes differs by using Ki67 or HG.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10277
10280
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30259_5402b38bd1da18b37d406eae3e148e5f.pdf
Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Anti-Tumoral Evaluation of Erlotinib-PCEC Nanoparticles
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Development of a nanosized polymeric delivery system for erlotinib was the main objectiveof this research. Materials and Methods: Poly caprolactone-polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PCEC)copolymers with different compositions were synthesized via ring opening polymerization. Formation of triblockcopolymers was confirmed by HNMR as well as FT-IR. Erlotinib loaded nanoparticles were prepared by meansof synthesized copolymers with solvent displacement method. Results: Physicochemical properties of obtainedpolymeric nanoparticles were dependent on composition of used copolymers. Size of particles was decreased withdecreasing the PCL/PEG molar ratio in used copolymers. Encapsulation efficiency of prepared formulationswas declined by decreasing their particle size. Drug release behavior from the prepared nanoparticles exhibiteda sustained pattern without a burst release. From the release profiles, it can be found that erlotinib release ratefrom polymeric nanoparticles is decreased by increase of CL/PEG molar ratio of prepared block copolymers.Based on MTT assay results, cell growth inhibition of erlotinib has a dose and time dependent pattern. After 72hours of exposure, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of erlotinib hydrochloride was appeared to be 14.8μM. Conclusions: From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the prepared PCEC nanoparticles in thisstudy might have the potential to be considered as delivery system for erlotinib.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10281
10287
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30260_eca663c7bc849428b8d36ced5fe99fe2.pdf
Significance of p16 Positive Expression in Oropharyngeal Cancers
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The involvement of HPV in oral and oropharyngeal carcinogenesis was first proposed in 2004,based on epithelial HPV tropism and detection of HPV genotypes in oral squamous cell carcinoma samples.While 60-70% of oropharynx tumors may be HPV-positive, only 10 to 19% of tumors of the oral cavity, larynxand hypopharynx appear to have HPV infection. The aim of the study was to evaluate HPV infection associatedwith oropharyngeal cancer. Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight cases were selected for p16 immunoexpressionreactions, and demographic data were collected for comparisons. Results: Most patients were over 60 years old,and 64.1% were smokers. Immunohistochemistry results showed that 86.3% of cases stained positive for p16protein. Conclusion: The oropharyngeal cancer profile at Erasto Gaertner Hospital presented a high index ofsmokers over 60 years as well a high number of p16+ tumors, for what we can not determinate the main etiologicfactor, but can be aware of the number of patients that presented HPV infection. Since prevention is still thebest way to deal with cancer disease, it is important to analyze the interaction of these two etiologic factors andhow to detect lesions at an early stage.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10289
10292
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30261_9c76e28fed382e761c8904618a7052c3.pdf
No Effect of Energy Intake Overall on Risk of Endometrial Cancers: a Meta-analysis
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Previous epidemiologic studies on the association between energy intake and endometrial cancerrisk have only generated contradictory results. The role of energy intake in endometrial carcinogenesis thusremains unclear. To quantitatively assess the potential association between energy intake and endometrial cancer,a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies was here conducted. Materials and Methods: Eligible studieswere retrieved via both computerized searches and review of references. Fixed-or random-effect models were usedto summarize the estimates of OR with 95%CIs. Stratified analyses on study design, region and macronutrients’calorie were performed. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis. No associationbetween total energy intake and endometrial cancer was observed in either overall group (OR=1.11, 95%CI0.92-1.30) or subgroups stratified by study design and region. In the specific macronutrients’ calorie analysis,higher fat energy intake was found to be associated with increased endometrial risk (OR=1.72, 95%CI 1.12-2.32) while energy from carbohydrate and protein was not related to endometrial cancer risk. Conclusions: Ouranalysis did not support that total energy intake is related to endometrial cancer risk, in contrast to fat energy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10293
10298
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30262_d3e70669be54cb5922c0ce0c4466a94e.pdf
Epigenetic Changes within the Promoter Regions of Antigen Processing Machinery Family Genes in Kazakh Primary Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
text
article
2014
eng
The esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is thought to develop through a multi-stage process.Epigenetic gene silencing constitutes an alternative or complementary mechanism to mutational eventsin tumorigenesis. Posttranscriptional regulation of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) and antigenprocessing machinery (APM) proteins expression may be associated with novel epigenetic modifications incancer development. In the present study, we determined the expression levels of HLA-I antigen and APMcomponents by immunohistochemistry. Then by a bisulfite-sequencing PCR (BSP) approach, we identified targetCpG islands methylated at the gene promoter region of APM family genes in a ESCC cell line (ECa109), andfurther quantitative analysis of CpG site specific methylation of these genes in cases of Kazakh primary ESCCswith corresponding non-cancerous esophageal tissues using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Here weshowed that the development of ESCCs was accompanied by partial or total loss of protein expression of HLA-B,TAP2, LMP7, tapasin and ERp57. The results demonstrated that although no statistical significance was foundof global target CpG fragment methylation level sof HLA-B, TAP2, tapasin and ERp57 genes between ESCCand corresponding non-cancerous esophageal tissues, there was significant differences in the methylation levelof several single sites between the two groups. Of thesse only the global methylation level of LMP7 gene targetfragments was statistically higher (0.0517±0.0357) in Kazakh esophageal cancer than in neighboring normaltissues (0.0380±0.0214, p<0.05). Our results suggest that multiple CpG sites, but not methylation of every siteleads to down regulation or deletion of gene expression. Only some of them result in genetic transcription,and silencing of HLA-B, ERp57, and LMP7 expression through hypermethylation of the promoters or othermechanisms may contribute to mechanisms of tumor escape from immune surveillance in Kazakh esophagealcarcinogenesis.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10299
10306
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30263_04fdd26023b8f145c785505ef260a898.pdf
Thyroid Nodules with Atypia or Follicular Lesions of Undetermined Significance (AUS/FLUS): Analysis of Variables Associated with Outcome
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology is one of the main classificationsystems for thyroid nodules. It expects that 7% of all fine needle aspiration biopsies will be reported as atypiaor follicular lesions of undetermined significance, and 5-15% of these undetermined nodules are malignant. Ourstudy is a retrospective analysis of variables that may be associated with outcome in patients with indeterminatethyroid nodules. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent thyroidectomy in our institution between 2010and 2014 were retrieved from the institutional records database. Patient demographics and medical historieswere recorded. All ultrasonography reports were examined for nodule features and biochemical blood levels,hormone levels and complete blood counts were recorded. Results: A total of 103 patient cytopathology reportswere regarded as belonging to the undetermined category. Some 35% of patients had malignant nodules. Medianpreoperative red cell distribution width (RDW) level was 13.6 inthe benign group, while it was 14.3 in patientswith malignancy, demonstrating a significant correlation (p=0.003). Only calcification presence was significantlydifferent between benign and malignant groups on ultrasonography (p=0.034). Conclusions: Ultrasonography isone of the primary tools for this matter. RDW levels may become another promising tool to predict malignancy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10307
10311
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30264_be8c62794b05610d31b62185f4946b33.pdf
Years of Potential Life Lost Due to Breast and Cervical Cancer: a Challenge for Brazilian Public Policy
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The purpose of the article was to analyze the years of potential life lost (YPLL) of womenwho died from breast and cervical cancer in the State of Paraná, Southern Brazil. This was a temporal trendstudy (2000 to 2010) about the coefficients of mortality and the years of potential life lost in women aged 20 to70 years. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained through the database of the Department of the UnifiedHealth System (DATASUS) and the National Mortality Information System. Results: There was a loss of 125.075YPLL due to breast cancer, with an average of 11.370 YPLL. Regarding cervical cancer, the figure obtained was91.625 YPLL from 2000 to 2010, with an average of 8.329 YPLL. Increased risk of death from breast cancer wasobserved for women aged 50 to 59 years, with a significant increase among those in the age group from 40 to49 years. There was an increased rate of cervical cancer among women 40 to 69 years. Conclusions: The risk ofdeath grows with increasing age, being higher from 40 years. Prevention is paramount for both cancers. Thus,preventive measures are required and a reassessment of political strategies should be adopted.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10313
10317
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30265_4c8e6163a20d25ee813e4fc22ad2c569.pdf
Clinicopathological Findings and Five Year Survival Rates for Patients with Central Nervous System Tumors in Yazd, Iran
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The incidence rate of brain tumors has increased more than 40% in the past 20 years, especiallyin adults. We aimed to study the clinical and pathological findings of central nervous system (CNS) tumor patientsand to evaluate their 5 year survival rates. Materials and Methods: The archives of all patients with CNS tumorsin 6 health care centers in Yazd, Iran, from 2006 to 2013, were studied. Patients data were extracted using achecklist which included age, sex, date of reference and diagnosis, date of death, clinical signs, radiographyfindings, pathology report, size and location of tumor, patient treatment and grade of tumor. Results: A totalof 306 patient records were studied in the 8 year period. The most prevalent type of tumor was astrocytoma(n=113, 36.9%). The frequency of almost all tumor types was statistically higher in male patients (p=0.025). Inmost cases surgery with radiotherapy was the treatment of choice (49.3%). The most frequent symptom reportedwas headache (in 60.8% of patients) followed by convulsions (15.7%). Most of the tumors were located in theright hemisphere (46.1%) and the frontal and parietal lobe (26% and 12%, respectively). Radiography findingsdisplayed edema with a nonhomogeneous lesion in majority of the patients (87%). The survival fraction of thepatients with malignant tumors decreased over time (0.807 in the first year and 0.358 at the end of the 5th year).Conclusions: Astrocytoma was the more common CNS tumor with male predominance. Overall survival ratesof malignant tumors decreased over time and this was in relation with tumor grade.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10319
10323
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30266_3d89d111875ec74dc3fb6d19eaf52ea7.pdf
Association of RASSF1A Promoter Methylation with Lung Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis
text
article
2014
eng
RASSF1A, regarded as a candidate tumor suppressor, is frequently silenced and inactivated by methylation ofits promoter region in many human tumors. However, the association between RASSF1A promoter methylationand lung cancer risk remains unclear. To provide a more reliable estimate we conducted a meta-analysis ofcohort studies to evaluate the potential role of RASSF1A promoter methylation in lung carcinogenesis. Relevantstudies were identified by searches of PubMed, Web of Science, ProQest and Medline databasesusing thefollowing key words: ‘lung cancer or lung neoplasm or lung carcinoma’, ‘RASSF1A methylation’ or ‘RASSF1Ahypermethylation’. According to the selection standard, 15 articles were identified and analysised by STATA12.0 software. Combined odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the strength ofthe association between RASSF1A promoter methylation and lung cancer risk. A chi-square-based Q test andsensitivity analyses were performed to test between-study heterogeneity and the contributions of single studiesto the final results, respectively. Funnel plots were carried out to evaluate publication bias. Overall, a significantrelationship between RASSF1A promoter methylation and lung cancer risk (OR, 16.12; 95%CI, 11.40-22.81;p<0.001) with no between-study heterogeneity. In subgroup analyses, increased risk of RASSF1A methylation incases than controls was found for the NSCLC group (OR, 13.66, 95%CI, 9.529- 19.57) and in the SCLC group(OR, 314.85, 95%CI, 48.93-2026.2).
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10325
10328
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30267_eade05235335abfda50fba4e2220b9b2.pdf
Lack of Influence of an XRCC3 Gene Polymorphism on Oral Cancer Susceptibility: Meta-analysis
text
article
2014
eng
Background: To systematically summarize the association between the X-ray repair cross complementing3 (XRCC3) gene polymorphism and oral cancer susceptibility by meta-analysis. Materials and Methods:Databases including PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were searched to identify case-controlstudies concerning the association between an XRCC3 gene polymorphism and the risk of oral cancer from theinception to June 2014. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the criteria, extractedthe data and assessed the quality. Then meta-analysis was performed using Stata 11.0 software. Results:Seven published case-control studies including 775 patients with oral cancer and 1922 controls were selected.Associations between the rs861539 polymorphism and overall oral cancer risk were not statistically significantin all kinds of comparison models (CT vs CC: OR=0.94, 95%CI=0.74-1.18; TT vs CC: OR=0.94, 95%CI=0.64-1.38; dominant model: OR=0.95, 95%CI=0.76-1.18; recessive model: OR=0.94, 95%CI=0.69-1.29; allele T vs C:OR=0.97, 95%CI=0.84-1.11). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, no significant associations were found amongAsians and Caucasians. On stratification by tumor type, no significant associations were found for cancer andoral premalignant lesions. Conclusions: The XRCC3 gene polymorphism was not found to be associated withthe risk of oral cancer. Considering the limited quality of the included case-control studies, more high qualitystudies with large sample size are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10329
10334
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30268_0ddefb59cfb93574fc97c7bd11416f95.pdf
Identifying High-Risk Clusters of Gastric Cancer Incidence in Iran, 2004 - 2009
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Gastric cancer is considered as the second most prevalent cancer in Iran. The present researchsought to identify high risk clusters of gastric cancer with mapping using space-time scan statistics. Materialsand Methods: The present research is of descriptive type. The required data were gathered from the registeredcancer reports of Cancer Control Office in the Center for Non Communicable Disease of the Ministry of Health(MOH). The data were extracted at province level in the time span of 2004-9. Sat-Scan software was used toanalyse the data and to identify high risk clusters. ArcGIS10 was utilized to map the distribution of gastriccancer and to demonstrate high risk clusters. Results: The most likely clusters were found in Ardabil, Gilan,Zanjan, East-Azerbaijan, Qazvin, West-Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Hamadan, Tehran and Mazandaran between2007 and 2009. It was statistically significant at the p-value below 0.05. Conclusions: High risk regions includedNorthern, West-North and central provinces, particularly Ardabil, Kurdistan, Mazandaran and Gilan. Morescreening tests are suggested to be conducted in high risk regions along with more frequent epidemiologicalstudies to enact gastric cancer prevention programs.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10335
10338
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30269_c3fcf51ef114dd2499eba552b9ec5e22.pdf
Dopamine Receptor Gene (DRD1-DRD5) Expression Changes as Stress Factors Associated with Breast Cancer
text
article
2014
eng
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females worldwide and a most prevalent malignancy inIranian women. Chronic stress may make an important contribution to cancer, especially in the breast. Numerousstudies showed roles of neurotransmitters in the occurrence and progression of cancers which are mediated bytheir various types of receptors. This study was conducted to evaluate alterations in the expression profile ofdopamine receptor genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as stress factors in breast cancer patientsand the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 30 patients and30 healthy individuals. Total mRNA was extracted from PBMC and MCF-7 cells and RT-PCR was performedto confirm the presence of five dopamine receptors (DRD1-DRD5). Expression changes of dopamine receptorgenes were evaluated by real time PCR. We observed that DRD2-DRD4 in PBMCs of breast cancer patientswere increased compared to healthy individuals. In addition, all dopamine receptor subtypes but DRD1 wereexpressed in MCF-7 cells. Therefore, alterations of these receptors as stress factorsshould be assessed for selectingappropriate drugs such as D2-like agonists for treatment of breast cancer after performing complimentary tests.Determining the expression profile of dopamine receptor genes thus seems promising.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10339
10343
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30270_935eb5e150599f4518fb436b0e7051c0.pdf
Identification of Anti-Cancer Targets of Eco-Friendly Waste Punica granatum Peel by Dual Reverse Virtual Screening and Binding Analysis
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Punica granatum (family: Lythraceae) is mainly found in Iran, which is considered to be itsprimary centre of origin. Studies on pomegranate peel have revealed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenesisactivities, with prevention of premature aging and reducing inflammation. In addition to this it isalso useful in treating various diseases like diabetes, maintaining blood pressure and treatment of neoplasms suchas prostate and breast cancer. Objectives: In this study we identified anti-cancer targets of active compoundslike corilagin (tannins), quercetin (flavonoids) and pseudopelletierine (alkaloids) present in pomegranate peelby employing dual reverse screening and binding analysis. Materials and Methods: The potent targets of thepomegranate peel were annotated by the PharmMapper and ReverseScreen 3D, then compared with targetsidentified from different Bioassay databases (NPACT and HIT’s). Docking was then further employed usingAutoDock pyrx and validated through discovery studio for studying molecular interactions. Results: A numberof potent anti-cancerous targets were attained from the PharmMapper server according to their fit score andfrom ReverseScreen 3D server according to decreasing 3D scores. Conclusion: The identified targets now needto be further validated through in vitro and in vivo studies.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10345
10350
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30271_bba5968758b07a0157f60f50995453aa.pdf
Inhibition of Metastasis and Invasion of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Crude Polysaccharides from Rosa Roxburghii Tratt in Vitro
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Rosa Roxburghii Tratt is a promising wild fruit crop in Southwest China. Its extracts havebeen used as traditional Chinese medicine, which benefit immune responses and cure various health disorders.However, whether Rosa Roxburghii Tratt polysaccharides could inhibit metastasis and invasion of ovarian cancercells remains unknown. Materials and Methods: Effects of crude polysaccharides from Rosa Roxburghii Tratton the viability of ovarian cancer A2780 cells were detected by MTT assay. Ovarian carcinoma cell migrationand invasion after exposure to Rosa Roxburghii Tratt polysaccharides were quantified by wound healing andTranswell assays, respectively. Western blotting was applied to assess protein levels of MMP-9. Results: Theresults indicated that Rosa Roxburghii Tratt polysaccharides significantly reduced wound closure rate of A2780cells, inhibited their migration and invasion, and suppressed the expression of MMP-9. Conclusions: Our findingsindicated that Rosa Roxburghii Tratt polysaccharides have potential for develop as anti-metastatic cancer drugpreparations for ovarian cancer patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10351
10354
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30272_16c8aa28ebc35d2e83ca3d244c1a44af.pdf
Systematical Analysis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Network of microRNAs, Transcription Factors, and Target and Host Genes
text
article
2014
eng
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules found in multicellular eukaryoteswhich are implicated in development of cancer, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Expressionis controlled by transcription factors (TFs) that bind to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the flow(or transcription) of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. Interactions result in biological signalcontrol networks. Materials and Methods: Molecular components involved in cSCC were here assembledat abnormally expressed, related and global levels. Networks at these three levels were constructed withcorresponding biological factors in term of interactions between miRNAs and target genes, TFs and miRNAs,and host genes and miRNAs. Up/down regulation or mutation of the factors were considered in the context ofthe regulation and significant patterns were extracted. Results: Participants of the networks were evaluatedbased on their expression and regulation of other factors. Sub-networks with two core TFs, TP53 and EIF2C2,as the centers are identified. These share self-adapt feedback regulation in which a mutual restraint exists. Upor down regulation of certain genes and miRNAs are discussed. Some, for example the expression of MMP13,were in line with expectation while others, including FGFR3, need further investigation of their unexpectedbehavior. Conclusions: The present research suggests that dozens of components, miRNAs, TFs, target genesand host genes included, unite as networks through their regulation to function systematically in human cSCC.Networks built under the currently available sources provide critical signal controlling pathways and frequentpatterns. Inappropriate controlling signal flow from abnormal expression of key TFs may push the system intoan incontrollable situation and therefore contributes to cSCC development.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10355
10361
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30273_0fa6669101ed9b888997631b0b5bd333.pdf
Diagnostic and Prognostic Importance of the Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio in Breast Cancer
text
article
2014
eng
Background: The aim of this study was to determine diagnostic and prognostic roles of the neutrophil tolymphocyte ratio (NLR) in breast cancer patients. To date, data are limited on associations of primary breastcarcinoma (PBC) and benign proliferative breast disease (BPBD) with preoperative NLR values. Materials andMethods: Our study covered of 120 female patients with PBC and 50 with BPBD. Diagnostic values of NLRwere estimated using sensitivity, specificity and areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).Results: NLR values were significantly higher in the PBC patients than in those with BPBD, with an AUC of0.668 in the PBC case. The optimal cut-off for NLR was 2.96 and this was validated in the testing set, giving asensitivity and a specificity of 79.7% and 76.2%, respectively, in PBC patients. Conclusions: Preoperative highNLR is a significant diagnostic predictor of distinction of breast cancer from BPBD and elevated NLR is alsoan important prognostic marker for primary invasive breast cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10363
10366
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30274_6f709fd46e784cce05810f8fcd86811f.pdf
Development of a Family Nursing Model for Prevention of Cancer and Other Noncommunicable Diseases through an Appreciative Inquiry
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Cancer and non-communicable diseases are a major issue not only for the developed but alsodeveloping countries. Public health and primary care nursing offer great potential for primary and secondaryprevention of these diseases through community and family-based approaches. Within Thailand there are relatedestablished educational curricula but less is known about how graduate practitioners enact ideas in practice andhow these can influence policy at local levels. Aim: The aim of this inquiry was to develop family nursing practicein primary care settings in the Isaan region or Northeastern Thailand and to distill what worked well into anursing model to guide practice. Materials and Methods: An appreciative inquiry approach involving analysisof written reports, focus group discussions and individual interviews was used to synthesize what worked wellfor fourteen family nurses involved in primary care delivery and to build the related model. Results: Three mainstrategies were seen to offer a basis for optimal care delivery, namely: enacting a participatory action approachmobilizing families’ social capital; using family nursing process; and implementing action strategies withincommunities. These were distilled into a new conceptual model. Conclusions: The model has some features incommon with related community partnership models and the World Health Organization Europe Family HealthNurse model, but highlights practical strategies for family nursing enactment. The model offers a basis not onlyfor planning and implementing family care to help prevent cancer and other diseases but also for education ofnurses and health care providers working in communities. This articulation of what works in this culture alsooffers possible transference to different contexts internationally, with related potential to inform health andsocial care policies, and international development of care models.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10367
10374
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30275_1773b6a2ac232e0a09b2118d0755f1fe.pdf
XELOX Plus Bevacizumab vs. FOLFIRI Plus Bevacizumab Treatment for First-line Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colon Cancer: a Retrospective Study of the Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology
text
article
2014
eng
Background: XELOX plus bevacizumab (XELOX-Bev) and FOLFIRI plus Bevacizumab (FOLFIRI - Bev)treatments are an effective strategies patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).The aim of this studywas to compare efficacy of first-line XELOX-Bev treatment vs FOLFIRI-Bev treatment for mCRC. Materialsand Methods: A total of 409 patients with mCRC who received chemotherapy were included and divided into 2groups. Group 1 (n=298) received XELOX-Bev and Group 2 (n=111) FOLFIRI-Bev. Comparisons were made interms of overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survival, response rate (RR), and grade 3-4 toxicity. Results:Median follow-up was 11 months in Group 1 and 15 months for Group 2. Complete remission was observed in29 (9.7%) and 2 (1.8%) patients, partial remission in 139 (46.6%) and 27 (24.5%) , stable disease in 88 (29.5%)and 49 (44.1%) and progressive disease in 42 (14.1%) and 33 (30.0%) patients in Group 1 and 2, respectively.Median OS was 25 months (range 2-57 months, 95%CI; 22.2-27.7) for Group 1 and 20 months (range 1-67 months,95%CI; 16.8-23.1) for Group 2 (p=0.036). Median PFS was 9.6 months (range 2-36 months, 95%CI; 8.8-10.4) forGroup 1 and 9 months (range 1-44 months, 95%CI; 7.4-10.5) for Group 2 (p=0.019). Objective RR was 56.4%in Group 1 and 26.1% in Group 2 (p<0.001). Conclusions: First-line XELOX-Bev is more effective with a betterresponse rate, prolongation of median PFS/OS, and a superior safety profile compared with FOLFIRI-Bev.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10375
10379
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30276_0f36dfa51ae44502bb450c7f7fc0fc1e.pdf
A Sphingosine Kinase-1 Inhibitor, SKI-II, Induces Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer Cells
text
article
2014
eng
SKI-II has been reported as an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase 1 and has been extensively used to prove theinvolvement of sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate (Sphk1) in cellular processes. In the currentstudy, we investigated the effects of SKI-II and its potential mechanisms in human gastric cancer SGC7901cells. After treatment with SKI-II, cell growth, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, expression of Sphk1, NF-κB,Bcl-2, Bax and p27 were assessed by MTT assay, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, immunocytochemistryand Western-blot assay, respectively. Our results showed that SKI-II markedly inhibited SGC7901 cell survivalin a dose-dependent manner, reduced cell proliferation with accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase andinduced apoptosis in the tumor cells. Furthermore, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry showed that theexpression of p27 and Bax was increased significantly, but the expression of NF-κB, Bcl-2 and Sphk1 decreasedby different degrees. These results indicate that SKI-II induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis. The increasedapoptotic sensitivity of SGC7901 was correlated with NF-κB or Bcl-2/Bax activation.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10381
10385
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30277_fae2e6ac1413f161bbaa9f1216d0c68c.pdf
Association between a p73 Gene Polymorphism and Genetic Susceptibility to Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in the South of China
text
article
2014
eng
Background: This study aimed to identify any association between the p73 gene G4C14-to-A4T14 polymorphismand risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the south of China. Materials and Methods: We genotypedthe p73 gene polymorphism of peripheral blood DNA from 168 patients with NSCLC and 195 normal controlsusing HRM (high resolution melting) and PCR-CTPP (polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pairprimers). Results: The results of genotyping by HRM and PCR-CTPP were consistent with direct sequencing,the p73 genotype distribution in 168 lung cancer patients being as follows: GC/GC 101 cases (60.1%), GC/AT 59 cases (35.1%), AT/AT 8 cases (4.8%). The carriers of AT/AT genotype had a significantly reduced riskof NSCLC (OR=0.370; 95%CI: 0.170-0.806; p=0.010) as compared with non-carriers. However, we found norelations between p73 genotypes and histological type (p=0.798, x2=0.452), tumor stage (p=0.806, x2=0.806), orlymph node metastasis (p=0.578, x2=1.098). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the p73 G4C14-to-A4T14polymorphism may be a modifier of NSCLC susceptibility in the Chinese population.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10387
10391
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30278_bc1d0c1b3b5d1f9e5604cf9bd7bb0caa.pdf
The Polymorphism of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1a Gene in Endometrial Cancer
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Endometral carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract andthe fourth most common cancer in women after breast, colorectal and lung cancers Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key transcription factor that regulates cellular response to hypoxia HIF-1 plays important rolesin the development and progression of cancer through activation of various genes that are involved in crucialaspects of cancer biology, including angiogenesis, energy metabolism, vasomotor function, erythropoiesis, andcell survival. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between HIF-1 1772 C/T polymorphisms andendometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: 75 patients with endometrial carcinoma and 75 patients whoseunderwent hysterectomy for non tumoral indication selected for evaluation of HIF-1 1772 C/T polymorphismsby PCR-RFLP and sequencing. Results: For the 1772 C/T polymorphism, the analysis showed that the T alleleand genotype TT were significantly associated with endometrial cancer risk. Conclusions: Our results suggestthat the C1772T polymorphism of the HIF-1a may be associated with endometrial cancers.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10393
10396
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30279_9e512e5fe8e789bbe966956146f6a13b.pdf
Stigmalactam from Orophea Enterocarpa Induces Human Cancer Cell Apoptosis Via a Mitochondrial Pathway
text
article
2014
eng
Stigmalactam, an aristolactam-type alkaloid extracted from Orophea enterocarpa, exerts cytotoxicityagainst several human and murine cancer cell lines, but the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The aimsof this study were to identify the mode and mechanisms of human cancer cell death induced by stigmalactamemploying human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and human invasive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cellsas models, compared to normal murine fibroblasts. It was found that stigmalactam was toxic to HepG2 andMDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 levels of 23.0±2.67 μM and 33.2±4.54 μM, respectively, using MTT assays. At thesame time the IC50 level towards murine normal fibroblast NIH3T3 cells was 24.4±6.75 μM. Reactive oxygenspecies (ROS) production was reduced in stigmalactam-treated cells dose dependently after 4 h of incubation,indicating antioxidant activity, measured by using 2’,7’,-dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry.Caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities were increased in a dose response manner, while stigmalactam decreased themitochondrial transmembrane potential dose-dependently in HepG2 cells, using 3,3’-dihexyloxacarbocyanineiodide and flow cytometry, indicating mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, stigmalactamfrom O. enterocarpa was toxic to both HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cells and induced human cancer HepG2 cellsto undergo apoptosis via the intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10397
10400
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30280_c121ec00bba36a270492fdc036d8494d.pdf
Can Recurrence and Progression be Predicted by HYAL-1 Expression in Primary T1 Bladder Cancer?
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Molecular prognostic markers have been under investigation for the last decade and novalidated marker to date has been proven to be used in daily clinical practice for urinary bladder cancers. Theaim of the present study is to evaluate the significance of HYAL-1 expression in prediction of recurrence andprogression in pT1 urothelial carcinomas. Materials and Methods: Eighty-nine urothelial carcinoma casesstaged as T1 according to 2004 WHO classification were studied. Representative sections from every case werestained immunohistochemically for HYAL-1 and scored between 0 and +3, according to staining density, andgraded as low and high for the scores 0-1 and 2-3, respectively. Results: Of the 89 pT1 bladder cancer patients,HYAL-1 expression was high in 92.1% (82 patients; 72 patients +3 and 10 patients +2) and low in 7.9% (only 7patients; 6 patients +1 and 1 patient 0) of the cases. Of the 89 patients, 38 (42.7%) had recurrence and 22 (24.7%)showed progression. HYAL-1 staining did not show significant characteristics for tumor grade, accompanyingCIS, multiplicity, tumor size, age and sex. HYAL-1 expression did not have any prognostic value in estimatingrecurrence or progression. Conclusions: HYAL-1 expression was found to be high, but did not have any prognosticimportance in T1 bladder urothelial carcinomas.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10401
10405
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30281_b248de2eb31903efd2c6a5468eac17cb.pdf
β-elemene Induces Caspase-dependent Apoptosis in Human Glioma Cells in vitro through the Upregulation of Bax and Fas/ FasL and Downregulation of Bcl-2
text
article
2014
eng
Background: β-elemene, extracted from herb medicine Curcuma wenyujin has potent anti-tumor effects invarious cancer cell lines. However, the activity of β-elemene against glioma cells remains unclear. In the presentstudy, we assessed effects of β-elemene on human glioma cells and explored the underlying mechanism. Materialsand Methods: Human glioma U87 cells were used. Cell proliferation was determined with MTT assay andcolony formation assay to detect the effect of β-elemene at different doses and times. Fluorescence microscopywas used to observe cell apoptosis with Hoechst 33258 staining and change of glioma apoptosis and cell cyclingwere analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western-blotting assay were performed toinvestigated the influence of β-elemene on expression levels of Fas/FasL, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax. The experimentwas divided into two groups: the blank control group and β-elemne treatment group. Results: With increase inthe concentration of β-elemene, cytotoxic effects were enhanced in the glioma cell line and the concentrationof inhibited cell viability (IC50) was 48.5 μg/mL for 24h. β-elemene could induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1phase. With Hoechst 33258 staining, apoptotic nuclear morphological changes were observed. Activation ofcaspase-3,-8 and -9 was increased and the pro-apoptotic factors Fas/FasL and Bax were upregulated, whilethe anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was downregulated after treatment with β-elemene at both mRNA and protein levels.Furthermore, proliferation and colony formation by U87 cells were inhibited by β-elemene in a time and doesdependentmanner. Conclusions: Our results indicate that β-elemene inhibits growth and induces apoptosis ofhuman glioma cells in vitro. The induction of apoptosis appears to be related with the upregulation of Fas/FasLand Bax, activation of caspase-3,-8 and -9 and downregulation of Bcl-2, which then trigger major apoptoticcascades.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10407
10412
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30282_372030d3857bc5fa9ef9f602ffecffec.pdf
Protective Effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on Liver Injury Induced by Several Different Chemotherapeutics in Mice
text
article
2014
eng
Side effects are an unavoidable consequence of chemotherapy drugs, during which liver injury often takes place.The current study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) againstthe hepatotoxicity induced by frequently-used chemical therapy agents, cyclophosphamide (CTX), docetaxel(DTX) and epirubicin (EPI)) in mice. Mice were divided into five groups, controls, low or high dose groups(DTXL, CTXL, EPIL or DTXH, CTXH, EPIH), and low or high dose chemotherapeutics+APS groups (DTXL+APS,CTXL+APS, EPIL+APS or DTXH+APS, CTXH+APS, EPIH+APS). Controls were treated with equivalent normalsaline for 28 days every other day; low or high dose group were intraperitoneal (i.p) injected with low or highdoses of CTX, DTX and EPI for 28 days every other day; low or high dose chemotherapeutics+APS group wereseparately intraperitoneal (i.p) injected with chemotherapeutics for 28 days every other day and i.p with APS(100 mg/kg) for 7 days continually from the 22th to the 28th days. The body weight, serum levels of alanineaminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), histopathological features, and ultrastructuremorphological change of liver tissues, protein expression level of caspase-3 were estimated at different time points.With high dose treatment of DTX, CTX and EPI, weight gain was inhibited and serum levels of ALT and ASTwere significantly increased. Sections of liver tissue showed massive hepatotoxicity in CTXH group comparedto the control group, including hepatic lobule disorder, granular and vacuolar degeneration and necrosis inhepatic cells. These changes were confirmed at ultrastructural level, including obvious pyknosis, heterochromatinaggregation, nuclear membrane resolution, and chondrosome crystal decrease. Western blotting revealed that theprotein levels of caspase-3 increased in CTXH group. The low dose groups exhibited trivial hepatotoxicity. Moreinterestingly, after 100 mg/kg APS, liver injury was redecued not only regarding serum transaminase activities(low or high dose chemotherapeutics+APS group), but also from pathological and ultrastructural changes andthe protein levels of caspase-3 (CTXH+APS group). In conclusion, DTX, CTX and EPI induce liver damage ina dose dependent manner, whereas APS exerted protective effects.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10413
10420
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30283_c777b00e97794111f3551cc661c765bd.pdf
Red Meat Intake and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Meta-Analysis
text
article
2014
eng
Background: While the incidence of non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) has been rising worldwide, the reasonsremain undefined. Recent research has focused on effect of red andf processed meat intake as a risk factor, butwith inconclusive results. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of data published to date, to ascertain theoverall association between intake and NHL. Materials and Methods: A published literature search was performedthrough Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Science Citation Index Expanded databases for articlespublished in English. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated usingrandom or fixed effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi-square and I2 statistics. Disseminationbias was evaluated by funnel plot analysis.We performed a formal meta-analysis using summary measures fromthese studies. Results: In total, 11 published studies were included in the final analysis. The combined analysisrevealed that there was significant association between the red meat and NHL risk (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.02 to1.19, p=0.01). Additionally, there was showed significance association between processed red meat and NHL risk(OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.06 to 1.29, p=0.001). In subgroup analysis, a statistical significant association was notedbetween diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.04 to 2.37, P=0.01) and red meat intake.Conclusions: In this meta-Analysis, there was evidence for association between consumption of red meat, orprocessed meat and risk of NHL, particularly with the DLBCL subtype in the red meat case.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10421
10425
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30284_eb3789e9098ad010e81e394094da2ef8.pdf
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders among Dental Patients: a Pilot Study in Jordan
text
article
2014
eng
Background: To determine the prevalence, types, and risk factors of oral potentially malignant disorders(OPMDs) among a group of Arab Jordanian dental patients, and to evaluate their awareness and attitudes towardearly diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,041 patients attending a University Hospitalfor dental care were examined for the presence of OPMDs. Histopathological examination was performed onall cases clinically diagnosed and patients were directly interviewed to evaluate their knowledge and attitudestoward early detection and treatment of oral cancer. Results: The prevalence of OPMDs overall was 2.8%.Lichen planus/lichenoid lesions were the most common lesions (1.8%) followed by leukoplakias (0.48%), chronichyperplastic candidiosis (0.38%), and erythroplakia (0.096%). Smoking, alcohol, and age (>40 years) werethe main identifiable risk factors. Patients with OPMDs displayed a general lack of awareness and negativeattitudes towards early diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: OPMDs among Arab dental patients are relativelyuncommon and awareness about oral cancer among Jordanian dental patients is low. Interventions to improvepublic knowledge about oral cancer and attitudes toward early diagnosis and treatment are urgently indicated.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10427
10431
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30285_a269313b9b4d9bf46b6fa553167c8b89.pdf
New Haplotypes of the ATP Synthase Subunit 6 Gene of Mitochondrial DNA are Associated with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Saudi Arabia
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in children andrepresents approximately 25% of cancer diagnoses among those younger than 15 years of age. Aim and Objectives:This study investigated substitutions in the ATP synthase subunit 6 gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) asa potential diagnostic biomarker for early detection and diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Basedon mtDNA from 23 subjects diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, approximately 465 bp of the ATPsynthase subunit 6 gene were amplified and sequenced. Results: The sequencing revealed thirty-one mutationsat 14 locations in ATP synthase subunit 6 of mtDNA in the ALL subjects. All were identified as single nucleotidepolymorphisms (SNPs) with a homoplasmic pattern. The mutations were distributed between males and females.Novel haplotypes were identified in this investigation: haplotype (G) was recorded in 34% in diagnosed subjects;the second haplotype was (C) with frequency of 13% in ALL subjects. Neither of these were observed in controlsamples. Conclusions: These haplotypes were identified for the first time in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients.Five mutations able to change amino acid synthesis for the ATP synthase subunit 6 were associated with acutelymphoblastic leukemia. This investigation could be used to provide an overview of incidence frequency of acutelyphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Saudi patients based on molecular events.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10433
10438
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30286_5e4c1f90ed4b60542f63cd51b773fff5.pdf
miR-340 Reverses Cisplatin Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines by Targeting Nrf2-dependent Antioxidant Pathway
text
article
2014
eng
Many chemotherapeutic agents have been successfully used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC);however, the development of chemoresistance in liver cancer cells usually results in a relapse and worseningof prognosis. It has been demonstrated that DNA methylation and histone modification play crucial roles inchemotherapy resistance. Currently, extensive research has shown that there is another potential mechanismof gene expression control, which is mediated through the function of short noncoding RNAs, especially formicroRNAs (miRNAs), but little is known about their roles in cancer cell drug resistance. In present study, bytaking advantage of miRNA effects on the resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells line to cisplatin, ithas been demonstrated that miR-340 were significantly downregulated whereas Nrf2 was upregulated in HepG2/CDDP (cisplatin) cells, compared with parental HepG2 cells. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assays ofNrf2-3’-untranslated region-based reporter constructor indicated that Nrf2 was the direct target gene of miR-340, miR-340 mimics suppressing Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway and enhancing the sensitivity of HepG2/CDDP cells to cisplatin. Interestingly, transfection with miR-340 mimics combined with miR-340 inhibitorsreactivated the Nrf2 related pathway and restored the resistance of HepG2/CDDP cells to CDDP. Collectively,the results first suggested that lower expression of miR-340 is involved in the development of CDDP resistancein hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, at least partly due to regulating Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10439
10444
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30138_50d14adb336d879d438d8a91681fe014.pdf
Clinical Study on Fluvoxamine Combined with Oxycodone Prolonged-Release Tablets in Treating Patients with Moderate to Severe Cancer Pain
text
article
2014
eng
Objective: To observe treatment effects and safety of fluvoxamine combined with oxycodone prolonged-releasetablets in treating patients with moderate to severe cancer pain. Methods: Patients confirmed pathologicallywith cancer and complicated with moderate to severe pain, were divided into control and experimental groups.Oxycodone prolonged-release tablets, with or without fluvoxamine, were administrated to all study patientsuntil pain relief. Degree of pain relief, dose of oxycodone prolonged-release tablets, side effects and quality oflife were compared before and after treatment. Results: In total, 120 patients were recruited. No statisticallysignificant difference was detected regarding age, gender, types of cancer, KPS between two groups of patients(P> 0.05). Baseline pain score of patients with moderate pain in treatment and control group was 4.9±0.8 and5.1±0.8, respectively; and decreased to 1.8±1.1 and 1.2±1.1 after treatment, respectively. Pain intensity wassignificantly reduced in the treatment group (P =0.028). Average daily consumption of oxycodone prolongedreleasetablets was (54.0±19.6) mg and (44.7± 18.7) mg respectively, which is lower in treatment grpup than incontrol group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.065). Baseline pain score of patients withsevere pain in treatment and control groups were 8.3±1.1 and 8.3±1.1, respectively; and pain intensity aftertreatment decreased to 2.9±1.0 and 2.3±1.0. Pain intensity was significantly reduced in the treatment group,with statistical significance (P =0.026). Average daily consumption of oxycodone prolonged-release tablets was(132.0±42.2) mg and (110.7±33.9) mg, respectively, which is lower in treatment group than in control group, andthe difference was statistically significant (P=0.035). In terms of quality of life, patients in treatment group hadbetter performance status, daily activity, mood, and sleep than that in control group (P < 0.05). Patients in twogroups had similar side effects, eg., constipation, nausea/vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, itchy skin, dysuria, andataxia. Lower incidence of nausea/vomiting, lethargy, was obtained from patients in treatment than in controlgroup, while significant low constipation was observed in treatment than in control group (35.0% vs 49.2%,P=0.026). Conclusion: Fluvoxamine combined with oxycodone prolonged-release tablets could be more effectivein treating patients with cancer pain, and could reduce the dosage of oxycodone prolonged-release tablets andthus be associated with lower side effects, and improved quality of life.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10445
10449
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30139_ac24f56a34c485533841439a74c1f5a6.pdf
A Retrospective Multicenter Evaluation of Cutaneous Melanomas in Turkey
text
article
2014
eng
Background: We defined melanoma distribution in a large series of Turkish patients and evaluated theprognostic parameters of melanomas. Materials and Methods: A total of 1574 patients’ data was retrospectivelycollected at 18 centers in Turkey. Demographic characteristics were questioned and noted. Prognostic parametreswere evaluated based on sentinel lymph node involvement. Results: Mean age was 56.7 (4-99) years. While 844(53.6%) cases were male, 730 (46.4%) cases were female. One thousand four hundred forty-seven (92%) caseswere invasive melanoma and 127 (8%) cases were in-situ melanoma. The most common histopathological formwas the superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) which was found in 549 patients (37.9%). It was followed bynodular melanoma in 379 (26.2%), acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) in 191 (13.2%) and lentigo malignamelanoma in 132 (9.1%), respectively. On univariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion (p<0.001), tumorthickness (p<0.001), histopathological subtype (p<0.001), Clark level (p=0.001), ulceration (p<0.001), ≥6/mm2mitosis (p=0.005), satellite formation (p=0.001) and gender (p=0.03) were found to be associated with sentinellymph node positivity. Regression was associated with sentinel lymph node negativity (p=0.017). According tomultivariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion and tumor thickness were significant independent predictivefactors of SLN positivity. Patient age, tumor localization, precursor lesions, lymphocytic infiltration andneurotropism were not related with sentinel lymph node involvement. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis,it was found that the prevalence of SSM is at a lower rate while the prevalence of ALM is at a higher rate whencompared to western countries. According to Breslow index; most of the melanoma lesions’ thickness weregreater than 2 mm, corresponding Clark IV. Vascular invasion and tumor thickness are the most importantfactors for sentinel lymph node involvement.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10451
10456
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30140_3d10ca0df5f7091ecea00ba510ab5a4f.pdf
Association of RAD 51 135 G/C, 172 G/T and XRCC3 Thr241Met Gene Polymorphisms with Increased Risk of Head and Neck Cancer
text
article
2014
eng
Homologous recombination repair (HRR) plays an important role in protection against carcinogenic factors.Genes regulating the HRR mechanisms may impair their functions and consequently result in increased cancersusceptibility. RAD 51 and XRCC3 are key regulators of the HRR pathway and genetic variability in these maycontribute to the appearance and progression of various cancers including head and neck cancer (HNC). Theaim of the present study was to compare the distribution of genotypes of RAD51 (135G/C, 172 G/T) and XRCC3(Thr241Met) polymorphisms between HNC patients and controls. Each polymorphism was genotyped using thepolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymerase (PCR-RFLP) technique in 200 pathologicallyconfirmed HNC patients along with 150 blood samples from normal, disease free healthy individuals. We observedthat homozygous variant CC genotype of RAD51 135G/C was associated with a 2.5 fold increased HNC risk(OR=2.5; 95%CI=0.69-9.53; p<0.02), while second polymorphism of RAD 51 172 G/T, heterozygous variantGT genotype was associated with a 1.68 fold (OR=1.68; 95%CI=1.08-2.61; p<0.02) elevation when comparedwith controls. In the case of the Thr241Met polymorphism of XRCC3, we observed a 16 fold (OR=16; 95% CI=3.78-69.67; p<0.0002) increased HNC risk in patients compared to controls. These results further suggested thatRAD51 (135G/C, 172 G/T) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) polymorphisms may be effective biomarkers for geneticsusceptibility to HNC. Larger studies are needed to confirm our findings and identify the underlying mechanisms.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10457
10462
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30287_753cea83d75862ebffe353e2a30a6a94.pdf
Opisthorchis viverrini Infection Activates the PI3K/ AKT/PTEN and Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathways in a Cholangiocarcinogenesis Model
text
article
2014
eng
Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) infection is the major etiological factor for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), especiallyin northeast Thailand. We have previously reported significant involvement of PI3K/AKT/PTEN and Wnt/β-catenin in human CCA tissues. The present study, therefore, examined the expression and activation of PI3K/AKT/PTEN and Wnt/β-catenin signaling components during Ov-induced cholangiocarcinogenesis in a hamsteranimal model. Hamsters were divided into two groups; non-treated and Ov plus NDMA treated. The resultsof immunohistochemical staining showed an upregulation of PI3K/AKT signaling as determined by elevatedexpression of the p85α-regulatory and p110α-catalytic subunits of PI3K as well as increased expression andactivation of AKT during cholangiocarcinogenesis. Interestingly, the staining intensity of activated AKT (p-AKT)increased in the apical regions of the bile ducts and strong staining was detected where the liver fluke resides.Moreover, PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K/AKT, was suppressed by decreased expression and increasedphosphorylation during cholangiocarcinogenesis. We also detected upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling asdetermined by increased positive staining of Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt5a, Wnt7b and β-catenin, corresponded withthe period of cholangiocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, nuclear staining of β-catenin was observed in CCA tissues.Our results suggest the liver fluke infection causes chronic inflammatory conditions which lead to upregulationof the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways which may drive CCA carcinogenesis. These resultsprovide useful information for drug development, prevention and treatment of CCA.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10463
10468
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30288_5cc8ced12f6a53d631c5ca9ca4ee5546.pdf
Solanum Nigrum Polysaccharide (SNL) Extract Effects in Transplanted Tumor-bearing Mice - Erythrocyte Membrane Fluidity and Blocking of Functions
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Solanum nigrum L. has been used in traditional Chinese medicine because of its diuretic andantipyretic effects. The present research concerned effects of crude polysaccharides isolated from Solanum nigrumL. on erythrocyte membranes of tumor-bearing S180 and H22 in mice. Materials and Methods: Fluorescencelabeledred blood cell membranes were used with DPH fluorescence spectrophotometry to examine erythrocytemembrane fluidity, and colorimetry to determine degree of erythrocyte surface membrane blocking. Extentof reaction by tumor-bearing mice with the enzyme erythrocyte membrane bubble shadow detection of redcell membrane variation in the degree of closure before and after administration. Results: Solanum nigrumpolysaccharide could significantly improve the S180 and H22 tumor-bearing mice erythrocyte membrane fluidity,compared with the control group, the difference was significant (p<0.01), SNL can significantly improve the redblood cell membrane and then S180 tumor-bearing mice sealing ability, compared with the negative control group,the difference was significant(p<0.05, p<0.01). H22 tumor-bearing mice can increase red cell membrane and thensealing ability, the difference was significant (p<0.05). Solanum nigrum polysaccharide degree of fluidity andblocking two transplanted tumors in mice restored the ability to raise the red cell membrane has a significanteffect. Conclusions: Solanum nigrum L.-type mice transplanted tumor can affect the red blood cell membranefluidity and re-closed, through the red cell membrane of red blood cells to enhance the immune function of thepossibility of erythrocyte immunity against tumor formation garland provide experimental basis.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10469
10473
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30289_53af78b282999d74b11c39ddf1abe11a.pdf
Comprehensive Expression Analysis Suggests Functional Overlapping of Human FOX Transcription Factors in Cancer
text
article
2014
eng
Forkhead-box (FOX) transcription factors comprise a large gene family that contains more than 50 membersin man. Extensive studies have revealed that they not only have functions in control of growth and development,but also play important roles in different diseases, especially in cancer. However, biological functions for mostof the members in the FOX family remain unknown. In the present study, the expression of 39 FOX genes in48 kinds of cancer was mined from the Gene Expression Atlas database of European Bioinformatics Institute.The analysis results showed that some FOX genes demonstrate overlapping expression in various cancers,which suggests particular biological functions. The pleiotropic features of the FOX genes make them excellentcandidates in efforts aimed to give medical treatment for cancers at the genetic level. The results also indicatedthat different FOX genes may have the synergy or antagonistics effects in the same cancers. The study providesclues for further functional analysis of FOX genes, especially for the pleiotropic biological functions and crosstalkof FOX genes in human cancers.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10475
10481
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30290_1aa34c7b5803a9da3218bc30ed1c79b8.pdf
Heptaphylline Induces Apoptosis in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells through Bid and Akt/NF-κB (p65) Pathways
text
article
2014
eng
Heptaphylline derivatives are carbazoles in Clausena harmandiana, a medicinal plant that is utilized forheadache, stomach ache, and other treatments of illness. The present study examined the effects of heptaphyllineand 7-methoxyheptaphylline on apoptosis of human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29 cell line). Quantificationof cell viability was performed using cell proliferation assay (MTT assay) and of protein expression throughimmunoblotting. The results showed that only heptaphylline, but not 7-methoxyheptaphylline, significantlysignificantly activated cleaved of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) which resulted inHT-29 cell death. We found that heptaphylline activated BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (Bid) and Bak,proapoptotic proteins. In contrast, it suppressed X-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (XIAP), Bcl-xL andsurvivin, inhibitors of apoptosis. In addition, heptaphylline inhibited activation of NF-κB/p65 (rel), a regulatorof apoptotic regulating proteins by suppressing the activation of Akt and IKKα, upstream regulators of p65.The findings suggested that heptaphylline induces apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cells .
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10483
10487
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30291_bcad16dd92686f6d586da334affeb07d.pdf
Profiles of Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Gastric Carcinomas in Brunei Darussalam
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Gastric cancer is the second most common gastrointestinal cancer and is largely attributedto Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. In addition, studies have also shown association with Epstein-Barrvirus (EBV) in 10% of gastric cancers. This study assessed the characteristics of EBV associated gastric cancers(EBVaGC) in Brunei Darussalam. Materials and Methods: This study included gastric cancers diagnosed between2008 and 2012, registered with the Department of Pathology RIPAS Hospital, Brunei Darussalam. Clinical casenotes were systematically reviewed. Histology specimens were all stained for EBV and also assessed for intestinalmetaplasia and H. pylori. Results: There were a total of 81 patients (54 male and 27 females) with a mean age of65.8±14.8 years included in the study. Intestinal metaplasia and active H. pylori infection were detected in 40.7%and 30.9% respectively. A majority of the tumors were proximally located (55.6%), most poorly differentiated(well differentiated 16%, moderately differentiated 30.9% and poorly differentiated 53.1%) and the stages atdiagnosis were; stage I (44.4%), stage II (23.5%), stage III (8.6%) and stage IV (23.5%). EBV positivity (EBVaGC)was seen in 30.9%. Between EBVaGC and EBV negative gastric cancers, there were no significant differences(age, gender, ethnic group, presence of Intestinal metaplasia, tumor locations, stages of disease and degree oftumor differentiation). Conclusions: This study showed that a third of gastric cancers in Brunei Darussalamwere positive for EBV, higher than what have been reported in the literature. However, there were no significantdifferences between EBVaGC and EBV negative gastric cancers. This suggests that the role of EBV in gastriccancer may be mostly incidental rather than any causal relation. However, further studies are required.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10489
10493
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30292_a47d1fe3333a4874db50fb025638c954.pdf
Bufalin Induces Mitochondrial Pathway-Mediated Apoptosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
text
article
2014
eng
Background: To evaluate the effects of bufalin in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells invitro and assess the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Human A549 non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) cells were treated with various concentrations of bufalin. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8assay, apoptotic cell percentage was calculated by flow cytometry and morphological change was observed byinverted phase contrast microscopy/transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the membrane potentialof mitochondria was detected by JC-1 fluorescence microscopy assay, and the related protein expression ofcytochrome C and caspase-3 was analyzed by Western blotting. Results: Bufalin could inhibit the proliferationof A549 cells via induction of apoptosis, with the evidence of characteristic morphological changes in the nucleusand mitochondria. Furthermore, bufalin decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential with up-regulationof cytochrome C in the cytosol, and activation of caspase-3. Conclusions: Bufalin inhibits the proliferation ofA549 cells and triggers mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, pointing to therapeutic application for NSCLC.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10495
10500
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30293_c2c65ee8df1791bc673da0331a00244a.pdf
Elevated Mean Platelet Volume is Associated with Presence of Colon Cancer
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Colon cancer is the second most common cancer in developed countries. Activated plateletsplay a key role in inflammation and atherothrombosis, with mean platelet volume (MPV) is an early markerof platelet activation. The aim of the study was to clarify the relevance of MPV in patients with colon cancer.Materials and Methods: We measured MPV levels in 128 patients with colon cancer before and after surgery,and 128 controls matched for age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and smoking status. The odds ratios (ORs) and95% confidence intervals (CIs) for colon cancer were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysesacross MPV quartiles. Results: Patients with colon cancer had higher MPV compared with controls. Surgicaltumor resection resulted in a significant decrease in MPV levels (11.4 fL vs 10.7 fL; p<0.001). A positive correlationbetween MPV and tumor-nodule-metastases (TNM) stage was found. Furthermore, after adjusting for other riskfactors, the ORs (95%CIs) for colon cancer according to MPV quartiles were 1.000, 2.238 (1.014-4.943), 3.410(1.528-7.613), and 5.379 (2.372-12.198), respectively. Conclusions: The findings show that patients with coloncancer have higher MPV levels compared with controls, and these are reduced after surgery. In addition, MPVwas found to be independently associated with the presence of colon cancer. Further studies are warranted toassess the utility of MPV as a novel diagnostic screening tool for colon cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10501
10504
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30294_382e7fd8a2d568b8467c7d2d11bfb1e7.pdf
Survival Time and Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer after Radiotherapy in Thailand
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Breast cancer is an important cause of death among women. One way of classifying differentforms of breast cancer is by molecular features, usually in terms of the four subtypes: luminal A, luminalB, HER2-enriched, and triple negative. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association betweenmolecular subtypes and survival among breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Materials and Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The subjects were 272 breast cancer patients who had receivedtreatment in the radiotherapy unit at Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand, between 1 January, 1999, and 31 May,2009. The end of the study was 1 June, 2014. Overall survival was defined as the time elapsing between initialregistration at the radiotherapy unit and death or the end of the study. Survival curves were estimated by theKaplan-Meier method, and a multivariate analysis was performed using Cox’s proportional hazard regressionmodel. Results: The patient mean age was 47.5±10.4 at the time of diagnosis. Of the 272 patients, 146 (53.7%)were classified as luminal A, 12 (4.4%) as luminal B, 30 (11.0%) as HER2-enriched, and 84 (30.9%) as triplenegative. The overall survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 87.1%, 68.4% and 59.2%, respectively. According tomolecular subtypes, HER2-enriched patients had the lowest 5-year survival rate (30.0 %, 95%CI: 15.02-46.55).The median follow-up time was 8.37 years. In the Cox model analysis a higher risk of death was found for patientswith HER2-enriched (HRadj=3.34, 95%CI:1.96-5.67), triple negative (HRadj=2.17, 95%CI: 1.44-3.27), and stageIIlB (HRadj=2.20, 95%CI: 1.16-4.17) cancers. Conclusions: The worst survival rates were among patients classifiedas HER2-enriched, triple negative and at stage IIIB. Early detection and an advanced treatment modality areneeded to help these patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10505
10508
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30295_677cc16561e65b6e1be700191fff23bf.pdf
Differential Diagnosis of CT Images in Children with Neuroblastomas and Ganglioneuroblastomas
text
article
2014
eng
Objective: To investigate the differential features of CT images in children with neuroblastomas (N) andganglioneuroblastomas (G). Materials and Methods: Clinical data of 12 children in group G and 15 in groupN undergoing CT examination and definitely diagnosed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. The focalconditions were observed and compared in the two groups, including location, size, boundaries, morphology,enhanced degree and mode, abdominal vascular involvement, presence or absence of spanning the midline,infiltration of peripheral organs, angiography manifestations in tumors or surroundings, presence or absenceof calcification and vascular tumor emboli as well as metastases of distal organs and lymph nodes. Results: Ingroup N, the incidence of tumors in the adrenal area was conspicuously higher than in group G (P<0.05), whilethat of tumors with regular morphology and clear boundaries was significantly lower than in group G (P<0.01);Angiography manifestation rate and incidences of vascular embedding, lymph node metastasis, infiltrationand organic metastasis in group N were all markedly higher than in group G (P<0.05). There was no statisticalsignificance between the two groups in terms of focal size, presence or absence of calcification and spanning themidline, and enhanced degree and mode, as well as vascular tumor emboli (P>0.05). Conclusions: Mostly locatedin adrenal areas and with vascular embedding as a primary manifestation, the neuroblastoma extremely readilymetastases to lymph nodes and other organs as well as infiltrating local tissues, with dilation on angiographyfrequent in or around the tumors. With vascular displacement as a primary manifestation, ganglioneuroblastomahas a regular morphology and clear boundaries.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10509
10512
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30296_2f407724a3fc3e7c9f2d9f5302d168d1.pdf
Long Non-coding RNAs are Differentially Expressed in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines with Differing Metastatic Potential
text
article
2014
eng
Background: Metastasis is a major reason for poor prognosis in patients with cancer, including hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC). A salient feature is the ability of cancer cells to colonize different organs. Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) play important roles in numerous cellular processes, including metastasis. Materials and Methods: Inthis study, the lncRNA expression profiles of two HCC cell lines, one with high potential for metastasis to the lung(HCCLM3) and the other to lymph nodes (HCCLYM-H2) were assessed using the Arraystar Human LncRNAArray v2.0, which contains 33,045 lncRNAs and 30,215 mRNAs. Coding-non-coding gene co-expression (CNC)networks were constructed and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify lncRNAs withpotential functions in organ-specific metastasis. Levels of two representative lncRNAs and one representativemRNA, RP5-1014O16.1, lincRNA-TSPAN8 and TSPAN8, were further detected in HCC cell lines with differingmetastasis potential by qRT-PCR. Results: Using microarray data, we identified 1,482 lncRNAs and 1,629 mRNAsthat were differentially expressed (≥1.5 fold-change) between the two HCC cell lines. The most upregulatedlncRNAs in H2 were RP11-672F9.1, RP5-1014O16.1, and RP11-501G6.1, while the most downregulated oneswere lincRNA-TSPAN8, lincRNA-CALCA, C14orf132, NCRNA00173, and CR613944. The most upregulatedmRNAs in H2 were C15orf48, PSG2, and PSG8, while the most downregulated ones were CALCB, CD81, CD24,TSPAN8, and SOST. Among them, lincRNA-TSPAN8 and TSPAN8 were found highly expressed in high lungmetastatic potential HCC cells, while lowly expressed in no or low lung metastatic potential HCC cells. RP5-1014O16.1 was highly expressed in high lymphatic metastatic potential HCC cell lines, while lowly expressedin no lymphatic metastatic potential HCC cell lines. Conclusions: We provide the first detailed description oflncRNA expression profiles related to organ-specific metastasis in HCC. We demonstrated that a large numberof lncRNAs may play important roles in driving HCC cells to metastasize to different sites; these lncRNAs mayprovide novel molecular biomarkers and offer a new basis for combating metastasis in HCC cases.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10513
10524
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30297_b9d04bf6ce6004cb184b9b8a1872143a.pdf
Impact of Perceived Cancer Risk on the Cancer Screening Rate in the General Korean Population: Results from the Korean Health Panel Survey Data
text
article
2014
eng
Objective: To investigate the relationship between the perception of cancer risk and likelihood of havingundergone cancer screening. Materials and Methods: We used data from the Korean Health Panel Survey fromDecember 2011 onward. Of 3,390 patients who visited a hospital during the previous year, we included datafrom 2,466 individuals; 924 samples were excluded due to missing data. Logistic regression analysis and the chisquare test were used to investigate the association between perceived cancer risk and the likelihood of havingundergone cancer screening. Results: For patients who perceived their risk of developing cancer during thenext 10 years to be 30-40%, the odds ratio was increased 1.65 fold (95%CI: 1.223, 2.234) compared with thosewho perceived their risk to be almost zero. Although the difference was not statistically significant, perceivingcancer risk as either extremely low or extremely high appears to be associated with a reduced likelihood ofhaving undergone cancer screening, resulting in an inverted U-shaped relationship. Conclusions: Physicians andresearchers should be aware of the importance of the affective component of risk perception. Policies addressingthe influence of cancer risk perception should be implemented in South Korea and worldwide.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10525
10529
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30252_4a9e94f896669d6d00262983cfdf5ef5.pdf
Influence of Offspring on Quality of Life among Cancer Patients and Survivors: Results from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), 2008-2011
text
article
2014
eng
Background: To examine whether offspring improve or reduce quality of life (QOL) among cancer patientsand survivors. Materials and Methods: We used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA)from 2008 to 2011. There were 490 research subjects in our study: 245 cancer patients and survivors and 245controls matched using propensity scores. Results: For cancer patients and survivors with no offspring, the QOLestimate was -2.831 lower (SE: 5.508, p-value: 0.623) than that of those with two offspring, while for those withfive or more offspring, the QOL estimate was 7.336 higher (SE: 2.840, p-value: 0.036). For non-cancer patientsand survivors with one child, the QOL estimate was -11.258 lower (SE: 2.430, p-value: 0.002) than that of thosewith two offspring, while for those with five or more offspring, the QOL estimate was -4.881 lower (SE: 2.484,p-value: 0.090). Conclusions: This article provides evidence for a beneficial effect of offspring upon QOL incancer patients and survivors, indicating that offspring are important for them.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10531
10537
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30251_7f418d2b31084414221aa034dfcacd3b.pdf
Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Method Based on Feature Selection and Artificial Neural Network
text
article
2014
eng
A method to predict the risk of lung cancer is proposed, based on two feature selection algorithms: Fisherand ReliefF, and BP Neural Networks. An appropriate quantity of risk factors was chosen for lung cancer riskprediction. The process featured two steps, firstly choosing the risk factors by combining two feature selectionalgorithms, then providing the predictive value by neural network. Based on the method framework, an algorithmLCRP (lung cancer risk prediction) is presented, to reduce the amount of risk factors collected in practicalapplications. The proposed method is suitable for health monitoring and self-testing. Experiments showed itcan actually provide satisfactory accuracy under low dimensions of risk factors.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
15
v.
23
no.
2014
10539
10542
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30298_ab04b98f4793a2ea7d2cd1b64ab521f2.pdf