Why Screening Rates Vary between Korea and Japan-Differences between Two National Healthcare Systems
text
article
2015
eng
Both Japan and Korea provide population-based screening programs. However, screening rates are muchhigher in Korea than in Japan. To clarify the possible factors explaining the differences between these twocountries, we analyzed the current status of the cancer screening and background healthcare systems. Populationbasedcancer screening in Korea is coordinated well with social health insurance under a unified insurer system.In Japan, there are over 3,000 insurers and coordinating a comprehensive strategy for cancer screening promotionhas been very difficult. The public healthcare system also has influence over cancer screening. In Korea, publichealthcare does not cover a wide range of services. Almost free cancer screening and subsidization for medicalcost for cancers detected in population-screening provides high incentive to participation. In Japan, on theother hand, a larger coverage of medical services, low co-payment, and a lenient medical audit enables peopleto have cancer screening under public health insurance as well as the broad range of cancer screening. Theimplementation of evidence-based cancer screening programs may be largely dependent on the backgroundhealthcare system. It is important to understand the impacts of each healthcare system as a whole and to matchthe characteristics of a particular health system when designing an efficient cancer screening system.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
395
400
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30447_261f4f547bf423cfaf113c66cc16da6d.pdf
Early Diagnosis Behavior in Turkish Women with and without a Family History of Cervical Cancer
text
article
2015
eng
Background: This study was planned as comparative and descriptive in order to measure and evaluatethe knowledge and attitudes regarding early diagnosis of women with and without a family history of cervicalcancer. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of the relatives of female patients (N=253) who wereadmitted to Istanbul University of Medicine. Women with a family history of cervical cancer formed the casegroup, while those without family history of cervical cancer constituted the control group. Two distinct datacollection tools, a questionnaire and the Miller Behavioral Style Scale (MBSS), were used in order to obtaindata for evaluation with SPSS for Windows 20.0 statistics package program. Results: It was found that 61.0%of the case group with family history of cervical cancer and 19.0% of the control group without family historyof cervical cancer were using early diagnostic methods. Thus the presence of an individual with cervical cancerin the family affected the attitudes towards early diagnosis. It was further found that the level of knowledge oncervical cancer and PAP smear test was higher in the case group, which was more sensitive with regard to beinginformed about cervical cancer as compared to general society. However, the average MBSS scores were notsignificantly different compared to the control group. Conclusions: It was noted that, women participating thisstudy knowledgeable, but this did not necessarily transform into better behavior.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
401
406
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30448_18add118415aca083aad4dae4aacd568.pdf
Predictive Role of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Early Diagnosis of Platin-Induced Renal Injury
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Acute kidney injury is an important issue in chemotherapy receiving patients an neutrophilgelatinase-associated lipocalin has been proposed as a novel marker. We here aimed to assess the role of urinarylevels for assessment after platin exposure. Materials and Methods: Patients who had treated with cisplatin orcarboplatin or oxaliplatin containg regimens were included in this study. Baseline and postchemotherapy serumurea, creatinine, urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and urine creatinine levels were determined.To avoid the effects of hydration during chemotherapy infusion the urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associatedlipocalin/urine creatinine ratio was used to determine acute kidney injury. Results: Of a total of 42 patientsreceiving platin compounds,14 (33.3%) received cisplatin containing regimens, 14 (33.3%) received carboplatinand 14 (33.3%) oxaliplatin. The median age was 60 (37-76) years. Nineteen of the patients (45.2%) had lungcancer, 12 (28.6%) colorectal cancer and 11 (26.2%) others. The median pre and post chemotherapy urineneutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/urine creatinin ratio was 15.6 ng/mg and 35.8 ng/mg (p=0.041) in thecisplatin group, 32.5 ng/mg and 86.3 ng/mg (p=0.004) in the carboplatin group and 40.9 ng/mg and 62.3 ng/mg (p=0.243) in the oxaliplatin group. Conclusions: Nephrotoxicity is a serious side effect of chemotherapeuticagentslike cisplatin and carbopaltin, but only to a lower extent oxaliplatin. All platin compounds must be usedcarefully and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin measurement seems to be promising in detectingacute kidney injury earlier than with creatinine.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
407
410
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30449_c9c012bc6e5e4bab27827d565a58e888.pdf
Ki-67 is a Valuable Prognostic Factor in Gliomas: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
text
article
2015
eng
Ki-67 has been widely used as an indicator of cell proliferation in gliomas. However, the role of Ki-67 as aprognostic marker is still undefined. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of the published literatures in order toclarify the impact of Ki-67 on survival in glioma cases. Eligible studies were identified in PubMed, EMBASE, ISIWeb of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Science Direct and Wiley Online Library withthe last search updated on August 31, 2014. The clinical characteristics, overall survival (OS) and progressionfreesurvival (PFS) together with Ki-67 expression at different time points were extracted. A total of 51 studies,covering 4,307 patients, were included in the current meta-analysis. The results showed that overexpression ofKi-67 can predict poor OS (HR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.53-1.80; Z=11.87; p=0.000) and poor PFS (HR=1.67, 95%CI:1.47-1.91; Z=7.67; p=0.000) in gliomas. Moreover, subgroup analyses also indicated that high level of Ki-67expression was related to poor OS and PFS in glioma patients regardless of region, pathology type, cut-offvalue and statistical method. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis revealed that Ki-67 expression might bea predicative factor for poor prognosis of glioma patients, emphasizing its importance as a predictor.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
411
420
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30450_17d3ef870dae53fba407116dd4dcfebe.pdf
Negative HER2/neu Amplification Using Immunohistochemistry and Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization Techniques in Skin Melanoma Cases
text
article
2015
eng
Background: This study was performed to evaluate the amplification of HER-2/neu in patients with melanoma.Materials and Methods: Amplification of HER-2/neu was evaluated in a group of patients with melanoma, referredto two referral centers in Tehran, using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic in situ hybridization(CISH) techniques. Results: Forty patients with mean age 57.9±19.5 years were enrolled in this study. The mostfrequent type of melanoma was acral, while lower limbs were the most frequent sites. The amplification of HER2/neu was negative in 97.5% of patients with IHC and in 100% of patients with CISH technique. Only one case(2.5%) shows weak positive staining (+2) in IHC method. Fifty five percent of melanoma was ulcerative, and themost common stages of tumors were stages 4b and 3b. More than 47% of cases were in Clark level III, while themean of Breslow thickness was 3.56±2.87 mm. The stage of the case that showed weakly positive staining (2+) inIHC was 4b. Conclusions: The amplification of HER2/neu biomarker was negative in patients with melanoma,using both CISH and IHC techniques.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
421
425
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30451_c573aec3607b3de74f881284d11741a0.pdf
Prevalence of Dokha Use among Secondary School Students in Ajman, United Arab Emirates
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Dokha is a novel form of smoking in United Arab Emirates (UAE) on which there is verylittle published literature, especially among adolescents, and this form of smoking has been not been addressedadequately in the smoking cessation strategies in the UAE. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of dokha smokingamong male secondary school students in Ajman UAE. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey wasconducted among male secondary school students in Ajman, UAE. A total of 560 participants filled in selfadministeredquestionnaires. Results: The prevalence of ever smokers was 39%; ever dokha smokers was 36%and current dokha smokers was 24%. The prevalence is very high when compared to other forms of smokingin the region and globally. Prevalence increased with increasing age and grade of students, prevalence of eversmokers, ever dokha smokers and current dokha smokers was lower in students in the science stream. 40% ofthe smokers used dokha, cigarettes and shisha, 30% used dokha and cigarettes, and 21% used dokha alone.30% of the students smoked dokha on all days of the month. Conclusions: The prevalence of ever smokers, everdokha smokers and current dokha smokers is very high. There is an urgent need for specific health promotionprograms tailored to this age group on prevention of dokha smoking and policies restricting the availability ofdokha to this age group.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
427
430
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30452_8395536afa793cc9ef5e367f515ba0fd.pdf
Patterns of Childhood Cancer Incidence in Saudi Arabia (1999-2008)
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Although childhood cancer is a rare disease, 100,000 children younger than 15 years of agedie from cancer each year, the majority of them in developing countries. More data need to be gathered andpublished particularly in developing countries to better understand the scale of the problem. Aims: This studyaimed to describe the patterns of childhood cancers in Saudi Arabia over a period of ten years (1999-2008).Materials and Methods: This descriptive retrospective study was based on secondary data from the Saudi CancerRegistry from 1999 to 2008. All Saudi cases (both genders), under the age of 15 years, who were diagnosed withcancer during the study period, were included in this study. Results: Childhood cancer in Saudi Arabia, in theperiod between 1999 and 2008, accounted for about 8% of total cancer cases. The most common encounteredcancers were leukemia (34.1%), followed by lymphoma (15.2%), brain (12.4%), and kidney cancers (5.3%).The overall incidence of childhood cancers increased from 8.8 per 100,000 in 1999 to 9.8 per 100,000 in 2008.The incidence rates of cancers per 100,000 in the years 1999 and 2008 were generally higher among males, (9.4and 11.5 in males vs. 8.3 and 8.1 in females). The highest incidence rate in the surveyed years was apparent inthe birth to age 4 years group. Conclusions: Cancer is an important public health problem in Saudi Arabia anda major ascending contributor to mortality and morbidity in children. More studies are required to describethe patterns of childhood cancers and related risk factors in Saudi Arabia.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
431
435
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30453_be754990a6fd2e89f66b574a3da74931.pdf
Establishment of a Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Model Using the SW1990 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line in Nude Mice
text
article
2015
eng
Aim: To establish a pancreatic cancer stem cell model using human pancreatic cancer cells in nude mice toprovide a platform for pancreatic cancer stem cell research. Materials and Methods: To establish pancreaticcancer xenografts using human pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990, nude mice were randomly divided into controland gemcitabine groups. When the tumor grew to a volume of 125mm3, they treated with gemcitabine at a doseof 50mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection of 0.2ml in the gemcitabine group, while the mice in control group weretreated with the same volume of normal saline. Gemcitabine was given 2 times a week for 3 times. When themodel was established, the proliferation of pancreatic cancer stem cells was observed by clone formation assay,and the protein and/or mRNA expression of pancreatic stem cell surface markers including CD24, CD44, CD133,ALDH, transcription factors containing Oct-4, Sox-2, Nanog and Gli, the key nuclear transcription factor in SonicHedgehog signaling pathway was detected by Western blot and/or RT-PCR to verify the reliability of this model.Results: This model is feasible and safe. During the establishment, no mice died and the weight of nude micemaintained above 16.5g. The clone forming ability in gemcitabine group was stronger than that of the controlgroup (p<0.01). In gemcitabine group, the protein expression of pancreatic cancer stem cell surface markersincluding CD44, and ALDH was up-regulated, the protein and mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factorincluding Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog was also significantly increased (P<0.01). In addition, the protein expressionof key nuclear transcription factor in Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway, Gli-1, was significantly enhanced(p<0.01). Conclusions: The pancreatic cancer stem cell model was successfully established using human pancreaticcancer cell line SW1990 in nude mice. Gemcitabine could enrich pancreatic cancer stem cells, simultaneouslyaccompanied by the activation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
437
442
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30454_1589934ffe6d16a2aa8ee507ac05a100.pdf
MMP2 Gene-735 C/T and MMP9 gene -1562 C/T Polymorphisms in JAK2V617F Positive Myeloproliferative Disorders
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) are clonal hematologic malignancies originating at thelevel of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes thatcontribute to all stages of malignancy progression. Genetic variants in the MMP genes may influence the biologicalfunction of these enzymes and change their role in carcinogenesis and progression. To our knowledge, this isthe first investigation of associations between the -735 C/T and -1562 C/T polymorphisms in the MMP2 andMMP9 genes, respectively, and the risk of essential thrombocytosis (ET), and polycythemia vera (PV). Materialsand Methods: The case-control study included JAK2V617F mutation positive 102 ET and PV patients and 111controls. Polymorphisms were determined by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lengthpolymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and electrophoresis. Results: No statistically significant differences were detectedbetween patient (ET+PV) and control groups regarding genotype distribution for MMP2 gene-735 C/T andMMP9 gene -1562 C/T polymorphisms and C/T allele frequency (p>0.050). Statistically borderline significancewas observed between PV and control groups regarding genotype distribution for the MMP9 gene -1562 C/Tpolymorphism (p=0.050, OR=2.26, 95%Cl=0.99-5.16). Conclusions: Consequently this study supported that CCgenotype of MMP9 gene -1562 C/T polymorphism may be related with PV even if with borderline significance.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
443
449
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30455_a30fc94769cadbeb27f42fd7836cde37.pdf
Risk of Breast Cancer in Relation to Reproductive Factors in North-west of Iran, 2013-2014
text
article
2015
eng
More than one million new patients suffer from breast cancer annually in the world. In developed countries,breast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed among women, and in developing regions, it oftenranks second to cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between incidence of breastcancer and reproductive factors in North-West of Iran. This retrospective analytical control-case study wasconducted with 235 breast cancer patients and 235 women in the control group. Data collection tools includeda set of questions with interviews and patient medical records. Data were analyzed using statistical tests: t-test,Chi-square, Fisher, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Significantly increased risks were associated betweenbreast cancer and older age at first pregnancy, age at menopause and history of contraceptive use. A trend fordecreasing risk were observed with increasing parity. Findings of this study showed no association between breastcancer and age at menarche. The study results suggested that physiological and reproductive factors may playimportant roles in the development breast cancer among Iranian women.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
451
455
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30456_8c4a58d14cccc3f90aeeda4fbbdd365c.pdf
Network Analysis of microRNAs, Genes and their Regulation in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
text
article
2015
eng
The pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma, a special subtype of lymphoma that is invasive and indolent andhas a median survival of 3 to 4 years, is still partially unexplained. Much research about genes and miRNAshas been conducted in recent years, but interactions and regulatory relations of genetic elements which mayplay a vital role in genesis of MCL have attracted only limited attention. The present study concentrated onregulatory relations about genes and miRNAs contributing to MCL pathogenesis. Numerous experimentallyvalidated raw data were organized into three topology networks, comprising differentially expressed, associatedand global examples. Comparison of similarities and dissimilarities of the three regulating networks, pairedwith the analysis of the interactions between pairs of elements in every network, revealed that the differentiallyexpressed network illuminated the carcinogenicity mechanism of MCL and the related network further describedthe regulatory relations involved, including prevention, diagnosis, development and therapy. Three kinds ofregulatory relations for host genes including miRNAs, miRNAs targeting genes and genes regulating miRNAswere concluded macroscopically. Regulation of the differentially expressed miRNAs was also analyzed, in termsof abnormal gene expression affecting the MCL pathogenesis. Special regulatory relations were uncovered. Forexample, auto-regulatory loops were found in the three topology networks, key pathways of the nodes beinghighlighted. The present study focused on a novel point of view revealing important influencing factors for MCLpathogenesis.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
457
463
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30457_8b72d2f7da50d9a09a30430f5f53c891.pdf
Flavonoids from Orostachys Japonicus A. Berger Induces Caspase-dependent Apoptosis at Least Partly through Activation of p38 MAPK Pathway in U937 Human Leukemic Cells
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (A. Berger) is commonly used as a folk remedy for cancertherapy. However, the mechanisms of its anti-cancer activity are poorly investigated in human cancer cells. Inthis study, we investigated whether flavonoids extracted from Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (FEOJ) mighthave anticancer effects in human leukemia cells, focusing on cell death mechanisms. Materials and Methods:U937 human leukemic cancer cells were used. Results: FEOJ induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner inhuman U937 cancer cells. Flow cytometry revealed significant accumulation of cells with sub-G1 DNA contentat the concentrations of 200 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL. FEOJ-induced apoptosis was caspase-dependent throughloss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) in human U937 cancer cells, which might be associatedwith suppression of Bcl-2 and XIAP proteins. FEOJ induced the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, playing at leastin part an important role in FEOJ-induced apoptosis. Conclusions: This study suggested that FEOJ may inducecaspase-dependent apoptosis in human leukemic cells by regulating MMP (ΔΨm) through suppressing Bcl-2and X-IAP. In addition, the results indicated that upstream p38 MAPK signaling regulates the apoptotic effectof FEOJ. This study provides evidence that FEOJ might have anti-cancer potential for human leukemic cells.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
465
469
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30458_f2139dbeec55eba022180129c11cda80.pdf
Hormone Receptor Expression and Clinicopathologic Features in Male and Female Breast Cancer
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Male and female breast cancers were investigated for variation in the clinicopathologiccharacteristics and expression of steroid hormone receptors in the northeast of Iran. Materials and Methods:Tumor specimens of 17 males and 338 females with breast cancer were collected at the hospitals of MashhadUniversity of Medical Sciences. Immunohistochemical expression of hormone receptors and clinicopathologicfeatures of breast cancer were compared between two groups. Results: The mean age in men was 15 years higherthan women (p=0.000). Males and females were mainly in stage II and III respectively (p=0.007). Although morethan 60% of male and female patients were grade II, the respective figures for grade I and III were 25% and12.5% in men but 7.1% and 27.2% in women respectively (p=0.025). ER was significantly more positive in menagainst women; 82.3% versus 53.4% (p=0.016). The related measures for PR was 58.8% and 50.3%, respectively(p=0.424). Males also showed significantly more ER expression than postmenopausal females; 82.3% versus48.9% (p=0.010). Conclusions: Breast cancer in males and females contrasted in age at diagnosis, histologicaltype, stage, grade and ER expression which emphasize they are separate diseases with different behaviors.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
471
474
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30459_b070689289e0cb302ed6f3182489ece2.pdf
Regulatory Network of MicroRNAs, Target Genes, Transcription Factors and Host Genes in Endometrial Cancer
text
article
2015
eng
Genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) have important roles in human oncology. However, most of the biologicalfactors are reported in disperse form which makes it hard to discover the pathology. In this study, genes andmiRNAs involved in human endometrial cancer(EC) were collected and formed into regulatory networksfollowing their interactive relations, including miRNAs targeting genes, transcription factors (TFs) regulatingmiRNAs and miRNAs included in their host genes. Networks are constructed hierarchically at three levels:differentially expressed, related and global. Among the three, the differentially expressed network is the mostimportant and fundamental network that contains the key genes and miRNAs in EC. The target genes, TFsand miRNAs are differentially expressed in EC so that any mutation in them may impact on EC development.Some key pathways in networks were highlighted to analyze how they interactively influence other factors andcarcinogenesis. Upstream and downstream pathways of the differentially expressed genes and miRNAs werecompared and analyzed. The purpose of this study was to partially reveal the deep regulatory mechanisms inEC using a new method that combines comprehensive genes and miRNAs together with their relationships. Itmay contribute to cancer prevention and gene therapy of EC.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
475
483
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30460_14a857034d0496a704becc0c90a7f926.pdf
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD Val-9Ala) Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Oxidative stress caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species plays an important rolein human carcinogenesis. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) Val-9Ala in the mitochondrial targetsequence is the best known polymorphism of this enzyme. The purpose of the current research was to assess theassociation of MnSOD Val-9Ala genotypes with the risk of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: This casecontrolstudy covered 54 gastric cancer patients compared to 100 cancer free subjects as controls. Extractionof DNA was performed on bioptic samples and genotypes were identified with a polymerase chain reactionrestrictionfragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: The frequencies of MnSOD Ala/Ala,Ala/Val and Val/Val genotypes in healthy individuals were 24.3, 66.7 and 9%, respectively. However, in gastriccancer patients, Ala/Ala, Ala/Val and Val/Val were observed in 24.0, 48.0 and 28.0% (p=0.01). In patients thefrequency of MnSOD Val allele was higher (52%) compared to that in controls (42%). Conclusions: The resultsof this study show a positive association between MnSOD Val-9Ala gene polymorphism and risk of gastric cancerdisease in Iranian population.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
485
488
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30461_2f4ded5048295be5a7fe1d0af9b7a6d8.pdf
Effect of Web-supported Health Education on Knowledge of Health and Healthy-living Behaviour of Female Staff in a Turkish University
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Once limited with face-to face courses, health education has now moved into the web environmentafter new developments in information technology This study was carried out in order to give training to theuniversity academic and administrative female staff who have difficulty in attending health education plannedfor specific times and places. The web-supported training focuses on healthy diet, the importance of physicalactivity, damage of smoking and stress management. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in SakaryaUniversity between the years 2012-2013 as a descriptive and quasi experimental study. The sample consisted of30 participants who agreed to take part in the survey, filled in the forms and completed the whole training. Thedata were collected via a “Personel Information Form”, “Health Promotion Life-Style Profile (HPLSP)”, and“Multiple Choice Questionnaire (MCQ). Results: There was a statistically significant difference between thetotal points from “Health Promotion Life-Style Profile” and the total points from the sub-scale after and beforethe training (t=3.63, p=0.001). When the points from the multiple choice questionnaire after and before trainingwere compared, it was seen that the average points were higher after the training (t=8.57, p<0.001). Conclusions:It was found that web-supported health training has a positive effect on the healthy living behaviour of femalestaff working at a Turkish university and on their knowledge of health promotion.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
489
494
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30462_11991a830e21d316c7879e5abfe81cee.pdf
Updated Assessment of the Association of the XRCC1 Arg399Gln Polymorphism with Lung Cancer Risk in the Chinese Population
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Published studies have reported relationships between X-ray repair cross-complementing group1 (XRCC1) Arg399Gln polymorphism and lung cancer risk in Chinese population. However, the epidemiologicalresults remained controversial. The objective of this study was to clarify the association of XRCC1 Arg399Glnpolymorphism with lung cancer risk in the Chinese population. Materials and Methods: Systematic searches wereperformed through the database of Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI and WanFang MedicalOnline. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to estimate the strength ofthe association. Results: Overall, we observed an increased lung cancer risk among subjects carrying XRCC1codon 399 Gln/Gln genotype (OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.09-1.71) in the Chinese population on the basis of 19 studieswith 5,416 cases and 5,782 controls. We did not observe any association between XRCC1 codon 399 Arg/Gln andArg/Gln+Gln/Gln polymorphisms and lung cancer risk (OR=1.00, 95%CI: 0.92-1.08 and OR=1.05, 95%CI: 0.97-1.13, respectively). Limiting the analysis to studies with controls in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(HWE), we observed an increased lung cancer risk among subjects carrying XRCC1 codon 399 Gln/Gln genotype(OR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.01-1.38). When stratified by source of control, we observed an increased lung cancer riskamong subjects carrying XRCC1 codon 399 Arg/Gln+Gln/Gln genotype on the basis of hospitalized patient-basedcontrols (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.04-1.42) and among subjects carrying XRCC1 codon 399 Gln/Gln genotype onthe basis of healthy subject-based controls (OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.04-1.43). Conclusions: Our findings indicatedthat certain XRCC1 Arg399Gln variants might affect the susceptibility of lung cancer in Chinese population.Larger sample size studies are required to confirm our findings.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
495
500
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30463_97da698067e9f960f910646e8b19e5fa.pdf
Evaluation of the National Train-the-Trainer Program for Hospice and Palliative Care in Korea
text
article
2015
eng
Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of the National Train-the-Trainers Program for Hospice andPalliative Care Experts (TTHPC) sponsored by the National Cancer Center of Korea between 2009 and 2012.This program was developed to improve the teaching skills of those in the field of hospice and palliative care(HPC). Materials and Methods: Training was offered in eight 1-day sessions between 2009 and 2012. The effectof the program was measured using Kirkpatrick’s model of educational outcomes. First, levels 1 and 2 wereevaluated immediately after the 1-day program (n=120). In 2012, the level-3 evaluation test was administered totrainers who offered at least one HPC training (n=78) as well as to their trainees (n=537). Results: The level-1evaluation addressed participant reactions to and satisfaction with the program. Participants (n=120) weregenerally satisfied with the content, the method, and the overall course (mean range: 3.94-4.46 on a five-pointLikert scale). The level-2 evaluation (learning) showed that participants gained knowledge and confidencerelated to teaching HPC (4.24 vs. 4.00). The level-3 evaluation (behavioral), which assessed trainers’ applicationof teaching skills to HPC, showed that trainees rated the teaching methods of trainers (mean range: 4.03-4.08)more positively than did trainers (p<0.05). Female trainers were more likely than were male trainers to plansessions in consideration of their trainees’ characteristics (4.11 vs. 3.58; p<0.05), and nurse trainers were morelikely than physician trainers to use a variety of instructional methods (4.05 vs. 3.36; p<0.05) Conclusions: Weconducted systematic evaluations based on Kirkpatrick’s model to assess the effectiveness of our train-thetrainersprogram. Our educational program was practical, effective, and followed by our HPC experts, whoneeded guidance to learn and improve their clinical teaching skills.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
501
506
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30464_631ace7d3d5fc7ab9e31c48f393749ac.pdf
Living Experiences of Indian Adult Cancer Survivors - a Brief Report
text
article
2015
eng
Background: This pilot study looked into the physical, social, psychological and economic issues of Indian adultcancer survivors. Materials and Methods: Assumed cancer free patients, after cancer directed therapy (CDT),were assessed on the basis of a questionnaire developed by the investigators. The mental status of the survivorswas elicited by modified MINI international neuro-psychiatric interview. This cross sectional assessment wasconducted as a direct interaction with each patient for 30 to 45 minutes at a cancer hospital in 2012. Results:Thirty one adult cancer survivors participated in this study. Median age was 53 years with a median follow upduration of 21.8 months (Range 2.3-194.1 months). The majority (68%) did not receive financial support fortreatment. Median interval after CDT to start of activity of daily living was 1.5 months (range: 0-24 months).Fatigue and loss of appetite were reported by 52% and 29% respectively. The cancer diagnosis and its treatmentadversely impacted the financial condition in 42% of patients. Nineteen percent each showed social anxiety andpost-traumatic stress disorder and another 13% patients reported depression. Conclusions: This prospectiveassessment highlights survivorship issues and the need to address those issues particularly in the context ofdeveloping countries where resources and manpower are limited.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
507
512
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30465_57857a63955216084ac11b7ec3e1db78.pdf
Expression of HERC4 in Lung Cancer and its Correlation with Clinicopathological Parameters
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Growing evidence suggests that the members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) areimportant for tumorigenesis. HERC4, one component, is a recently identified ubiqutin ligase. However, theexpression level and function role of HERC4 in lung cancer remain unknown. Our objective was to investigateany correlation between HERC4 and development of lung cancer and its clinical significance. Materials andMethods: To determine HERC4 expression in lung cancer, an immunohistochemistry analysis of a tissuemicroarray containing samples of 10 lung normal tissues, 15 pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas, 45 squamousepithelial cancers and 50 adenocarcinomas was conducted. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curveanalysis was applied to obtain a cut-off point of 52.5%, above which the expression of HERC4 was regardedas “positive”. Results: On the basis of ROC curve analysis, positive expression of HERC4 was detected in 0/10(0.0%) of lung normal tissues, in 4/15 (26.7%) of pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas, in 13/45 (28.9%) ofsquamous epithelial cancers and in 19/50 (38.0%) of adenocarcinomas. It showed that lung tumors expressedmore HERC4 protein than adjacent normal tissues (χ2=4.675, p=0.031). Furthermore, HERC4 positive expressionhad positive correlation with pT status (χ2=44.894, p=0.000), pN status (χ2=43.628, p=0.000), histological grade(χ2=7.083, p=0.029) and clinical stage (χ2=72.484, p=0.000), but not age (χ2=0.910, p=0.340). Conclusions: Ouranalysis suggested that HERC4 is likely to be a diagnostic biomarker for lung cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
513
517
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30466_8c93311ae69fccd62b299c44d6507a7c.pdf
Comparison of Myometrial Invasion and Tumor Free Distance from Uterine Serosa in Endometrial Cancer
text
article
2015
eng
Background: We aimed to investigate whether the tumor free distance (the distance between the uterineserosa and the tumor at its deepest point) is useful in surgical staging and in predicting prognosis. Materialsand Methods: Data from patients who underwent complete surgical staging for endometrial cancer betweenJanuary 2006 and June 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. All demographic findings, surgical stages, histologicaltype and grade, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion as well as abdominal cytology, cervical,adnexal, and omental involvement, and lymph node metastasis were recorded. The relations between myometrialinvasion and tumor free distance from uterine serosa with prognostic factors were investigated. Results: Seventypatients were included in the study. Sixty-four (91.5%) had endometrioid type cancers and forty-four (62.9%)were grade 1. The deepest myometrial invasion was less than 1/2 in 42 patients (60%). In 18 patients (25.8%)lymphovascular invasion was noted. Eight (11.4%) were found to have cervical involvement, five (7.1%) hadadnexal involvement and in 4 cases (5.7%) the peritoneal washings included malignant cells. Four patients hadpelvic and one para-aortic node metastasis. We recognized that an invasion of more than 1/2 was correlatedsignificantly with lymphovascular space involvement, histological grade, positive abdominal washing cytology,nodal and cervical involvement, but not with adnexal involvement. Tumor-free myometrial thickness wasnegative and statistically significant correlated with surgical stage, histological grade, lymphovascular spaceinvolvement, positive abdominal washing cytology, cervical and adnexal involvement. The importance of tumorfreemyometrial thickness in determinating the lymphovascular space invasion was found to be highest in termsof sensitivity and specificity when crossing the ROC curve at 11 millimeters. Conclusions: Depth of myometrialinvasion is more valuable for predicting lymph node metastasis than tumor-free myometrial thickness. Thetumor-free myometrial thickness provides a better prediction for adnexal involvement.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
519
522
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30467_d6dec08b8edcca5c96d0f4d95f1c71e2.pdf
Developing a Scale for Quality of Life in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 7-12 - Children and Parent Forms
text
article
2015
eng
Background: This study was planned in an attempt to develop a scale for the quality of life in pediatriconcology patients aged 7-12, with child and parents forms. Materials and Methods: In collecting the studydata, we used the Child and Parent Information Form, Visual Quality of Life Scale, Scale for Quality of LifePediatric Oncology Patients Aged 7-12 and the Scale for the Quality of Life in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged7-12 for Parents. We also used Pearson correlation analysis, the Cronbach alpha coefficient, factor analysis andROC analysis for the study data. Results: In this study, the total Cronbach alpha value of the parent form was0.96, the total factor load being 0.54-0.90 and the total variance explained was 82.5%. The cutoff point of theparent form was 93 points. The total Cronbach alpha value for the child form was 0.96, with a total factor loadof 0.55-0.91 and the total variance being explained was 78.3%. The cutoff point of the child form was 65 points.Conclusions: This study suggests that the Scale for Quality of Life in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 7-12Child and Parents Forms are valid and reliable instruments in assessing the quality of life of children.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
523
529
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30468_b7ae82999b4723c5b03ca2dbb3e3832c.pdf
Effect of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins on Tumor Vasculogenic Mimicry in Human Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cells
text
article
2015
eng
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) refers to the unique ability of highly aggressive tumor cells to mimic the pattern ofembryonic vasculogenesis, which was associated with invasion and metastasis. The grape seed proanthocyanidins(GSPs) had attracted much attention as a potential bioactive anti-carcinogenic agent. However, GSPs regulationof VM and its possible mechanisms in a triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) remain not clear. Therefore,we examined the effect of GSPs on VM information in HCC1937 cell model. In this study, we identified the VMstructure via the three-dimensional (3D) matrix in vitro. Cell viability was measured using the CCK8 assay. Theeffects of GSPs on human triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) HCC1937 in terms of related proteinsof VM information were determined using western blot analysis. In vitro, the tubular networks were found inhighly invasive HCC1937 cells but not in the non-invasive MCF-7 cells when plated on matrigel. The number ofvascular channels was significantly reduced when cells were exposed in GSPs (100μg/ml) and GSPs (200μg/ml)groups (all p<0.001). Furthermore, we found that treatment with GSPs promoted transition of the mesenchymalstate to the epithelial state in HCC1937 cells as well as reducing the expression of Twist1 protein, a master EMTregulator.GSPs has the ability to inhibit VM information by the suppression of Twist1 protein that could berelated to the reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) process. It is firstly concluded that GSPs may be anp otential anti-VM botanical agent for human TNBCs.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
531
535
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30141_b2e24d106b514b9cf39bdaa8d3808ee8.pdf
Awareness of Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors among Women in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Ovarian cancer is recognized as the fourth leading cancer in Malaysia. However, women do notalways seek help in a timely manner and gaps in awareness may influence screening uptake and presentation. Thepurpose of this study was to determine levels of awareness of ovarian cancer risk factors in female populationin Penang, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Penang, Malaysiafrom January until February 2014. Eighty-seven women were selected by convenient sampling. Awareness ofrisk factors of ovarian cancer was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed usingstatistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square testfor the association between socio-demographic data and awareness. A p value ≤0.05 was considered statisticallysignificant. Results: In all, 74.7% of participants answered correctly for the risk factor of increasing age, although94.3% were unaware of increased risk of tall women. A majority, 71.3%, had a low level of awareness of ovariancancer risk factors. There was a significant association between age and knowledge (p=0.047). Additionally,there was a significant association between higher education level and level of awareness of ovarian cancerrisk factors (p=0.039). Conclusions: This study revealed that awareness of ovarian cancer risk factors amongMalaysian women is low. The results show a need for improved public understanding about ovarian cancer risksand provision of important information for health professionals about initiatives needed for future awareness,prevention and screening programs.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
537
540
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30142_d5e47a63d95245238fc4cc063f6fd79e.pdf
Increased Hypermethylation of Glutathione S-Transferase P1, DNA-Binding Protein Inhibitor, Death Associated Protein Kinase and Paired Box Protein-5 Genes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Saudi Females
text
article
2015
eng
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC) with higher metastaticrate and both local and systemic recurrence compared to non-TNBC. The generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) secondary to oxidative stress is associated with DNA damage, chromosomal degradation and alterations ofboth hypermethylation and hypomethylation of DNA. This study concerns differential methylation of promoterregions in specific groups of genes in TNBC and non-TNBC Saudi females in an effort to understand whetherepigenetic events might be involved in breast carcinogenesis, and whether they might be used as markers for SaudiBCs. Methylation of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), T-cadherin (CDH13), Paired box protein 5 (PAX5),death associated protein kinase (DAPK), twist-related protein (TWIST), DNA-binding protein inhibitor (ID4),High In Normal-1 (HIN-1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16), cyclin D2 and retinoic acid receptor-β(RARβ1) genes was analyzed by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in 200 archival formalinfixedparaffin embedded BC tissues divided into 3 groups; benign breast tissues (20), TNBC (80) and non-TNBC(100). The relationships between methylation status, and clinical and pathological characteristics of patients andtumors were assessed. Higher frequencies of GSTP1, ID4, TWIST, DAPK, PAX5 and HIN-1 hypermethylationwere found in TNBC than in non-TNBC. Hypermethylation of GSTP1, CDH13, ID4, DAPK, HIN-1 and PAX5increased with tumor grade increasing. Other statistically significant correlations were identified with studiedgenes. Data from this study suggest that increased hypermethylation of GSTP1, ID4, TWIST, DAPK, PAX5and HIN-1 genes in TNBC than in non-TNBC can act as useful biomarker for BCs in the Saudi population. Thehigher frequency of specific hypermethylated genes paralleling tumor grade, size and lymph node involvementsuggests contributions to breast cancer initiation and progression.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
541
549
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30143_8be27a871ad7d07eb002f07d9b67c1ac.pdf
Roles of Immunohistochemical Staining in Diagnosing Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Differentiating morphologic features based on hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining is the mostcommon method to classify pathological subtypes of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its accuracyand inter-observer reproducibility in pathological diagnosis of poorly differentiated NSCLC remained to beimproved. Materials and Methods: We attempted to explore the role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) stainingin diagnosing pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) with poorly differentiated features by HE stainingor with elevated serum adenocarcinoma-specific tumor markers (AD-TMs). We also compared the differenceof epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation rate between patients with confirmed SQCC and thosewith revised pathological subtype. Logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between differentfactors and diagnostic accuracy. Results: A total of 132 patients who met the eligible criteria and had adequatespecimens for IHC confirmation were included. Pathological revised cases in poor differentiated subgroup,biopsy samples and high-level AD-TMs cases were more than those with high/moderate differentiation, surgicalspecimens and normal-level AD-TMs. Moreover, biopsy sample was a significant factor decreasing diagnosticaccuracy of pathological subtype (OR, 4.037; 95% CI 1.446-11.267, p=0.008). Additionally, EGFR mutationrate was higher in patients with pathological diagnostic changes than those with confirmed SQCC (16.7% vs4.4%, p=0.157). Conclusions: Diagnosis based on HE staining only might cause pathological misinterpretationin NSCLC patients with poor differentiation or high-level AD-TMs, especially those with biopsy samples. HEstaining and IHC should be combined as pathological diagnostic standard. The occurrence of EGFR mutationsin pulmonary SQCC might be overestimated.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
551
557
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30469_fa80abaf7913f79f31099ed7e8a7a1a8.pdf
Assessment of the Reliability of a Novel Self-sampling Device for Performing Cervical Sampling in Malaysia
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The participation of women in cervical cancer screening in Malaysia is low. Self-sampling mightbe able to overcome this problem.The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of self-sampling for cervicalsmear in our country. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 258 communitydwelling women from urban and rural settings who participated in health campaigns. In order to reduce thesampling bias, half of the study population performed the self-sampling prior to the physician sampling while theother half performed the self-sampling after the physician sampling, randomly. Acquired samples were assessedfor cytological changes as well as HPV DNA detection. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 40.4±11.3 years.The prevalence of abnormal cervical changes was 2.7%. High risk and low risk HPV genotypes were found in4.0% and 2.7% of the subjects, respectively. A substantial agreement was observed between self-sampling andthe physician obtained sampling in cytological diagnosis (k=0.62, 95%CI=0.50, 0.74), micro-organism detection(k=0.77, 95%CI=0.66, 0.88) and detection of hormonal status (k=0.75, 95%CI=0.65, 0.85) as well as detectionof high risk (k=0.77, 95%CI=0.4, 0.98) and low risk (K=0.77, 95%CI=0.50, 0.92) HPV. Menopausal state wasfound to be related with 8.39 times more adequate cell specimens for cytology but 0.13 times less adequate cellspecimens for virological assessment. Conclusions: This study revealed that self-sampling has a good agreementwith physician sampling in detecting HPV genotypes. Self-sampling can serve as a tool in HPV screening whileit may be useful in detecting cytological abnormalities in Malaysia.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
559
564
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30470_78ca5cd5734b576d0fe683cd63419553.pdf
Inhibitory Effects of Cyrtopodion scabrum Extract on Growth of Human Breast and Colorectal Cancer Cells
text
article
2015
eng
Breast and colorectal cancers rank high in Iran as causes of mortality. Most of the current treatments areexpensive and non-specific. The potential anticancer properties of common home gecko, Cyrtopodion scabrum,were investigated in this study. The effects of C. scabrum extract on proliferation, viability and migration of thecolorectal cancer (SW-742), breast cancer (MCF-7) and normal (MSC) cell lines were investigated using MTTand in vitro wound healing assay. IC50 values calculated for the extract were 559±28.9μg/ml for MCF-7 and339±11.3μg/ml for SW-742. No toxic effects on the normal control cells were observed. MCF-7 and SW-742 cellgrowth was inhibited by 32.6% and 62%, under optimum conditions, compared to the untreated control cells.The extract also decreased the motility and migration ability of both cancer cell lines, with no significant effectson the normal control cells. Data suggest C. scabrum extract as a useful natural resource for targeting cancercells specifically.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
565
570
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30471_d5982a77f5d573c56e0c31ef653a785f.pdf
Dendritic Cells Induce Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes against Prostate Cancer TRAMP-C2 Cells Loaded with Freezethaw Antigen and PEP-3 Peptide
text
article
2015
eng
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. In this study, we investigated immune responses of cytotoxicT lymphocytes (CTLs) against TRAMP-C2 prostate cancer cells after activation by dendritic cells (DCs) loadedwith TRAMP-C2 freeze-thaw antigen and/or PEP-3 peptide in vitro. Bone marrow-derived DC from the bonemarrow of the C57BL/6 were induced to mature by using the cytokine of rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4, and loadedwith either the freeze-thaw antigen or PEP-3 peptide or both of them. Maturation of DCs was detected by flowcytometry. The killing efficiency of the CTLs on TRAMP-C2 cells were detected by flow cytometry, CCK8,colony formation, transwell migration, and wound-healing assay. The levels of the IFN-γ, TNF-β and IL-12were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the unloaded DCs, the loadedDCs had significantly increased expression of several phenotypes related to DC maturation. CTLs activatedby DCs loaded with freeze-thaw antigen and PEP-3 peptide had more evident cytotoxicity against TRAMP-C2cells in vitro. The secretion levels of IFN-γ, TNF-β and IL-12, secreted by DCs loaded with antigen and PEP-3and interaction with T cells, were higher than in the other groups. Our results suggest that the CTLs activatedby DCs loaded with TRAMP-C2 freeze-thaw antigen and PEP-3 peptide exert a remarkable killing efficiencyagainst TRAMP-C2 cells in vitro.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
571
578
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30472_454d0040eab9711c038e00e24ee16c33.pdf
Manual Liquid Based Cytology for Pap Smear Preparation and HPV Detection by PCR in Pakistan
text
article
2015
eng
This study was conducted on female patients with different gynecological problems attending the gynecologyout-patient departments of two tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanbetween August 2012 and October 2013. The 200 patients had an age range of 21-65 years. Smears were takenwith cervical brushes and preserved in preservative medium and processed for manual liquid based cytology(MLBC) for Pap staining. Out of 200 collected samples, 30 samples were found inadequate on cytology. Of theremaining 170 samples, 164 (96.47%) were normal, 5 (2.94%) were of atypical squamous cells of unknownsignificance (ASCUS) and 1 (0.6%) was of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). On PCR all thesamples were positive for beta globin gene fragment including those reported inadequate on cytology. Out ofthe 5 ASCUS samples, 2 samples were positive for HPV, one each for HPV 16 and HPV 18, and the rest of the 3samples were negative for HPV DNA. The 1 sample of HSIL was positive for HPV 16 on PCR. Out of 164 normalsamples on cytology, only 1 sample was HPV 16 positive. So overall, 4 (2%) out of 200 samples were positivefor HPV DNA, where 3 were HPV 16 (1.5%), and 1 was HPV 18 (0.5%) positive, and thus the ratio of infectionwith of HPV 16 to HPV 18 was 3:1 in the general population. In conclusion, PCR based HPV detection is a moresensitive method for screening of HPV infection than cytology as sample inadequacy does not affect the results.However, it can be combined with cytology methods in a HPV positive female to achieve the maximum results.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
579
583
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30473_60c3fab3a5e6a1efac8a2c4d7d645794.pdf
Associations among Physical Activity, Comorbidity, Functional Capacity, Peripheral Muscle Strength and Depression in Breast Cancer Survivors
text
article
2015
eng
Physical inactivity may an important outcome in the prognosis of breast cancer. Physical activity levelsdecrease significantly for breast cancer patients following the treatment and remain low after oncology treatmentis completed. The aim of this study was to determine physical activity levels and to examine associations amongphysical activity, comorbidity, functional capacity, peripheral muscle strength, and psychosocial status inbreast cancer patients. Forty breast cancer survivors were included in this study. Demographic and clinicalcharacteristics were recorded. Physical activity was assessed with a short form of the International PhysicalActivity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We defined comorbid diseases according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI). Functional capacity was evaluated with a six-minute walk test (6MWT). Peripheral muscle strength wasmeasured for quadriceps femoris muscle with a hand-held dynamometer. Psychosocial status was measuredwith the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). Forty percent of patients were inactive. The IPAQ totalscore was significantly related with quadriceps muscle strength (r=0.492; p<0.001) and HADS depression score(r=0.341; p<0.05). Marked correlations were also observed between IPAQ walking score and quadriceps musclestrength (r=0.449; p<0.001), HADS depression score (r=0.341; p<0.05), and CCI (r=-0.433; p<0.001). The CCIscore was also markedly associated with quadriceps muscle strength (r=-0.413; p<0.001). 6MWT distance wasnot significantly correlated with any of the parameters. Regression analyses revealed that psychosocial statusand peripheral muscle strength were significant predictors of physical activity estimated with the IPAQ shortform and when combined, they explained 35% of the variance. Comorbidities, peripheral muscle strength andpsychosocial status partially explain the variability of physical activity level in breast cancer survivors. Theseresults suggest that physical inactivity contributes to worsening health in breast cancer survivors.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
585
589
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30474_c6009d0f4fe8968fb35dc949e83e3ab8.pdf
Prognostic Value of ALDH1A3 Promoter Methylation in Gliob;astoma: A Single Center Experience in Western China
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Aberrations in gene methylation patterns play important roles in gliomagenesis. However,whether the ALDH1A3 promoter methylation is related to prognoses of primary glioblastomas (GBMs) in WesternChina remains unclear. Materials and Methods: Methylation levels of ALDH1A3 CpG island in 36 GBMs wereidentified by pyrophosphate sequencing, while ALDH1A3 expression was assessed with matched paraffin sectionimmunohistochemistry. Survival curves were analysed by Kaplan-Meier. Results: The hypermethylation statusof ALDH1A3 promoter predicted a better prognosis accompanied with low expression of ALDH1A3 protein.Conclusions: Our results indicate ALDH1A3 promoter methylation correlates with prognosis in primary GBMs.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
591
594
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30475_b3444d385f314bbcc4149cb3d4e249b2.pdf
Metformin Association with Lower Prostate Cancer Recurrence in Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that metformin possesses anticarcinogenic properties, and itsuse is associated with favorable outcomes in several cancers. However, it remains unclear whether metformininfluences prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa) with concurrent type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and Methods:We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to April 16, 2014 withoutlanguage restrictions to identify studies investigating the effect of metformin treatment on outcomes of PCa withconcurrent T2D. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the risk of recurrence, progression, cancer-specificmortality, and all-cause mortality. Summary relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated. Publication bias was assessed by Begg’s rank correlation test. Results: A total of eightstudies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. We found that diabetic PCa patients who did not use metformin were atincreased risk of cancer recurrence (RR, 1.20; 95%CI, 1.00-1.44), compared with those who used metformin.A similar trend was observed for other outcomes, but their relationships did not reach statistical significance.Funnel plot asymmetry was not observed among studies reporting recurrence (p=0.086). Conclusions: Ourresults suggest that metformin may improve outcomes in PCa patients with concurrent T2D. Well-designedlarge studies and collaborative basic research are warranted.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
595
600
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30476_93f760e28a7d1271ab454668941d9e00.pdf
Prostate Cancer Screening in the Fit Chilean Elderly: a Head to Head Comparison of Total Serum PSA versus Age Adjusted PSA versus Primary Circulating Prostate Cells to Detect Prostate Cancer at Initial Biopsy
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Prostate cancer is predominately a disease of older men, with a median age of diagnosis of 68years and 71% of cancer deaths occurring in those over 75 years of age. While prostate cancer screening is notrecommended for men >70 years, fit elderly men with controlled comorbidities may have a relatively long lifeexpectancy. We compare the use of age related PSA with the detection of primary malignant circulating prostatecells mCPCs to detect clinically significant PC in this population. Materials and Methods: All men undergoing PCscreening with a PSA >4.0ng/ml underwent TRUS 12 core prostate biopsy (PB). Age, PSA, PB results defined ascancer/no-cancer, Gleason, number of positive cores and percentage infiltration were registered. Men had an 8mlblood sample taken for mCPC detection; mononuclear cells were obtained using differential gel centrifugationand mCPCs were identified using immunocytochemistry with anti-PSA and anti-P504S. A mCPC was definedas a cell expressing PSA and P504S; a positive test as at least one mCPC detected/sample. Diagnostic yieldsfor subgroups were calculated and the number of avoided PBs registered. Esptein criteria were used to definesmall grade tumours. Results: A total of 610 men underwent PB, 398 of whom were aged <70yrs. Men over 70yrs had: a higher median PSA, 6.24ng/ml versus 5.59ng/ml (p=0.04); and a higher frequency of cancer detected90/212 (43%) versus 134/398 (34%) (p=0.032). Some 34/134 cancers in men <70yrs versus 22/90 (24%) of men>70yrs complied with criteria for active surveillance. CPC detection: 154/398 (39%) men <70yrs were CPC (+),specificity for cancer 86%, sensitivity 88%, 14/16 with a false (-) result had a small low grade PC. In men >70years, 88/212 (42%) were CPC (+); specificity 92%, sensitivity 87%, 10/12 with a false (-) had small low gradetumours. False (+) results were more common in younger men 36/154 versus 10/88 (p<0.02). With a PSA cutoffof 6.5ng/ml, in men <70yrs, 108 PB would be avoided, missing 56 cancers of which 48 were clinically significant.Using CPC detection, 124 biopsies would be avoided, missing only 2 clinically significant cancers. In men >70yrs using a PSA >6.5ng/ml would have resulted in 108 PB with 34 PC detected, of which 14(41%) were smalllow grade tumours. Conclusions: The use of CPC detection in the fit elderly significantly decreases the numberof PBs without missing clinically significant cancers, indicating superiority to the use of age-related PSA.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
601
606
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30477_08f994faae69d53946ef20f72b4a32b5.pdf
Influence of Hazy Weather on Patient Presentation with Respiratory Diseases in Beijing, China
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Chronic respiratory disease is an important factor for development of lung cancer. To explorethe influence of hazy weather on respiratory diseases and its variation the present study was conducted. Materialsand Methods: Data from air pollution surveillance from January to October 2014 and case records of visitingpatients in the 263th Hospital of Chinese PLA in the corresponding period were collected to analyze the relevancebetween different degrees of air pollution (hazy weather) and the number of visiting patients in Department ofRespiratory Disease. Results: Air quality index (AQI) of hazy weather had significantly positive association withparticulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and the number of patients with 5 kinds of respiratory diseases i and differentpollutants had distinct influences on various respiratory diseases. Conclusions: The degree of air pollution inBeijing City is in close association with the number of patients with respiratory diseases, in which PM2.5 andSO2 are in more significant influences on all respiratory diseases. This could have essential implications for lungcancer development in China.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
607
611
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30478_c5f3c75057da629857b11d544c92f3e7.pdf
Predictive Value of Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary malignant cancer of the liver inthe world. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels reflect hepatic function and are inversely correlated withthe severity of background chronic liver disease. Objective: This study evaluated whether basal serum IGF-1levels can predict prognosis of HCC patients according to different risks of disease progression. Materials andMethods: A total of 89 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were recruited in 3 groups: Group I, 30HCC patients receiving sorafinib; Group II, 30 HCC patients with best supportive care; and Group III include29 patients undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). All patients were investigated forserum levels of AST, ALP, Bb, Cr, BUN, AFP and IGF-I. Results: Patients with disease control had significantlyhigher baseline IGF-1 levels 210 (185-232.5) ng/mL (p value<0.01) than did patients without disease control.Low basal IGF-1 levels were associated with advanced HCC, such as multiple tumors and advanced stage, andlow IGF-1 levels predicted shorter TTP and overall survival in patients treated with TACE. Conclusions: Thelevels of serum IGF-1, expressed as continuous values, may be helpful for accurately assessing hepatic functionand the prognostic stratification of patients with HCC.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
613
619
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30479_db0e61ca01a33138bd50e80944e47112.pdf
Opportunistic Insights into Occupational Health Hazards Associated with Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Premises in the United Kingdom
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Smokefree laws aim to protect employees and the public from the dangers of secondhandsmoke. Waterpipe premises have significantly increased in number in the last decade, with anecdotal reports ofpoor compliance with the smokefree law. The literature is bereft of information pertaining to waterpipe premiseemployees. This study aimed to opportunistically gather knowledge about the occupational health hazardsassociated with working in waterpipe premises in London, England. Materials and Methods: Employees fromseven convenience-sampled, smokefree-compliant waterpipe premises in London were observed for occupationalactivities. Opportunistic carbon monoxide (CO) measurements were made among those with whom a rapport haddeveloped. Observations were thematically coded and analysed. Results: Occupational hazards mainly includedenvironmental smoke exposure. Waterpipe-serving employees were required to draw several puffs soon afterigniting the coals, thereby providing quality assurance of the product. Median CO levels were 27.5ppm (range21-55ppm) among these employees. Self-reported employee health was poor, with some suggestion that workingpatterns and smoke exposure was a contributory factor. Conclusions: The smokefree law in England does notappear to protect waterpipe premise employees from high levels of CO. Continued concerns surrounding chronicsmoke exposure may contribute to poor self-reported physical and mental wellbeing.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
621
626
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30480_2edf58aa39a874bacddfcab363851ae5.pdf
Parecoxib: an Enhancer of Radiation Therapy for Colorectal Cancer
text
article
2015
eng
Background: To study the effect of parecoxib, a novel cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor, on the radiationresponse of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and its underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Both in vitrocolony formation and apoptosis assays as well as in vivo mouse xenograft experiments were used to explore theradiosensitizing effects of parecoxib in human HCT116 and HT29 CRC cells. Results: Parecoxib sensitized CRCcells to radiation in vitro with a sensitivity enhancement ratio of 1.32 for HCT116 cells and 1.15 for HT29 cells ata surviving fraction of 0.37. This effect was partially attributable to enhanced apoptosis induction by parecoxibcombined with radiation, as illustrated using an in vitro apoptosis assays. Parecoxib augmented the tumor responseof HCT116 xenografts to radiation, achieving growth delay more than 20 days and an enhancement factor of1.53. In accordance with the in vitro results, parecoxib combined with radiation resulted in less proliferationand more apoptosis in tumors than radiation alone. Radiation monotherapy decreased microvessel density(MVD) and microvessel intensity (MVI), but increased the hypoxia level in xenografts. Parecoxib did not affectMVD, but it increased MVI and attenuated hypoxia. Conclusions: Parecoxib can effectively enhance radiationsensitivity in CRC cells through direct effects on tumor cells and indirect effects on tumor vasculature.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
627
633
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30481_1d5a104b293a0f3daf7904a59924d953.pdf
Factors Associated with Delayed Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer in Iran - a Survey in Isfahan City
text
article
2015
eng
Background: In the absence of routine screening program for cervical cancer in Iran and high rate of diagnosedcancer in its advanced stage, recognition of sociodemographic factors related to delayed diagnosis of cancer in Irancould be helpful in reducing the burden of disease in our community. The aim of this study was to determine thestage of cervical cancer at diagnosis and factors related to delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer in Isfahan, Iran.Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study women diagnosed with cervical cancer for the first time byhisto-pathological examination were enrolled. According to the clinical and paraclinical findings and staging ofthe cancer, they were classified into early and delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer. Sociodemographic factorswere compared in the two groups. Results: In this study of 55 women mean age was 48.3±12.0. According to ourclassification 6/55 (10.9%) and 49/55 (89.1%) of them had early and delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer. Delayeddiagnosis of the cancer was significantly higher in patients with lower degree of education, lower socioeconomicstatus, having smoker and addict husband and those who did not have a history of Pap smear test (p<0.05).Conclusions: The results of this study indicated risk factors related to delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer. Theaffected women should be targeted for implementation of specialized educational programmes for improvingknowledge and screening test.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
635
639
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30482_2cfea40c078948fca0298a7733a04ed4.pdf
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Post-traumatic Growth in Breast Cancer Patients - a Systematic Review
text
article
2015
eng
Breast cancer (BC) is potentially a traumatic stressor which may be associated with negative outcomes,such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or positive changes, such as post-traumatic growth (PTG). Thisstudy aims to identify the core issues of BC related PTSD, PTG and psychological distress by interrogatingthe literature in BC survivors. We have also highlighted issues related to the assessment, diagnosis and clinicalmanagement of PTSD and PTG. The authors systematically reviewed studies published from 1985 to 2014pertaining to PTSD, psychological distress and PTG in BC survivors with particular attention paid to incidencerates and causative factors. Multiple studies intimated that women with BC have evidence of PTSD at the initialstages of diagnosis, whereas PTG develops once patients undergo treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment ofPTSD/PTG is paramount from literature review but the previously mentioned relationship between PTSD andPTG in BC patients could not be verified. It is evident from the literature that a small percentage of BC patientsexperience PTSD, while the majority experience PTG after BC diagnosis and treatment. Future research shouldinclude prospective studies focusing on high-risk patients, causative factors and the development of psychologicalinterventions.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
641
646
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30483_464ce15f36ce5755982f83f09a658833.pdf
Screening for Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Who Could Survive Long Term Chemotherapy
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Lung cancer was one of the most common cancers in both men and women all over the world.In this study, we aimed to clarify who could survive after long term chemotherapy in patients with advancednon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We enrolled 186 patients with stage IV NSCLC after long termchemotherapy from Jun 2006 to Nov 2014 diagnosed in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital. Multiple variables like age,gender, smoking, histology of adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell cancer, number of metastatic sites, metastaticsites (e.g. lung, brain, bone, liver and pleura), hemoglobin, lymphocyte rate (LYR), Change of LYR during multipletherapies, hypertension, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, treatments (e.g.radiotherapy and targeted therapy) wereselected. For consideration of factors influencing survival and response for patients with advanced NSCLC,logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis were used in an attempt to develop a screening modulefor patients with elevated survival after long term chemotherapy become possible. Results: Of the total of 186patients enrolled, 69 survived less than 1 year (short-term group), 45 one to two years, and 72 longer than 3years (long-term group). For logistic regression analysis, the short-term group was taken as control group andthe long-term group as the case group. We found that age, histology of adenocarcinoma, metastatic site (e.g. lungand liver), treatments (e.g. targeted therapy and radiotherapy), LYR, a decreasing tendency of LYR and chronicbronchitis were individually associated with overall survival by Cox regression analysis. A multivariable Coxregression model showed that metastatic site (e.g. lung and liver), histology of adenocarcinoma, treatments (e.g.targeted therapy and radiotherapy) and chronic bronchitis were associated with overall survival. Thus metastaticsite (e.g. lung and liver) and chronic bronchitis may be important risk factors for patients with advanced NSCLC.Gender, metastatic site (e.g. lung and liver), LYR and the decreasing tendency of LYR were significantly associatedwith long-term survival in the individual-variable logistic regression model (P<0.05). On multivariate logisticregression analysis, gender, metastatic site (e.g. lung and liver) and the decreasing tendency of LYR associatedwith long-term survival. Conclusions: In conclusion, female patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma of NSCLCwho had decreasing tendency of LYR during the course therapy and had accepted multiple therapies e.g. morethan third-line chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or targeted therapy might be expected to live longer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
647
652
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30484_1c717bff7b1a7b6dc52a746b5539d149.pdf
Immunohistochemical Expression of Cytokeratins and Epithelial Membrane Protein 2 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and its Potential Implications
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive disease and tends to involve surroundingtissues, and biomarkers for better management are yet to be identified. Materials and Methods: One hundredand fifty tissue samples with NPC diagnosis were were investigated using pan cytokeratin (CK) and epithelialmembrane protein 2 (EMP2) antibodies. Results: Immunohistochemical expression of CK was identified in144/150 (96%) and of EMP2 in 120/150 (80%). Conclusions: There is a high loss of EMP2 in NPC, especiallyhigh grade examples. Loss of CK expression is also linked to high grade NPC types.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
653
656
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30485_c1a7f7179d8ff6e4f6327ae054e9f4ac.pdf
Reliability of Stool Antigen Tests: Investigation of the Diagnostic Value of a New Immunochromatographic Helicobacter pylori Approach in Dyspeptic Patients
text
article
2015
eng
Background: A diagnosis of H. pylori infection can be made by invasive or non-invasive methods. Severalnoninvasive diagnostic tests based on the detection of H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) have been developed.The Genx H. pylori stool antigen card test is a new rapid, non-invasive test that is based on monoclonalimmunochromatographic assay. The aim of this study was to determine its sensitivity, specificity, and diagnosticaccuracy for diagnosing H. pylori infection in adult patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 162 patients wereincluded in the study. A gastric biopsy was collected for histopathology and rapid urease testing. Stool specimensfor HpSA testing were also collected. Patients were considered H. pylori positive if two invasive tests (histologicaland rapid urease tests) were positive. Results: Using the reference test, 50.6% of the samples were positive forH. pylori infection. The Genx H. pylori antigen test was positive in 19.7% of patients. The sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of the Genx H. pylori antigen testwere 51.6%, 96.0%, 88.8%, 76.1%, and 79.0%, respectively. Conclusions: The Genx H. pylori stool antigen cardtest is a new non-invasive method that is fast and simple to perform but provides less reliable results.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
657
660
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30486_4a5abc4fc7421fa05576eeff8c53a172.pdf
Normalization of CA19-9 Following Resection for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma is not Tantamount to being Cured?
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Postoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is an independent predictor of survival forpancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and more powerful than preoperative CA19-9. However, makingdecisions just dependent on postoperative CA19-9 may result in necessary treatments not being performed.Materials and Methods: A total of 178 patients with resected PDAC were eligible for this retrospective study,classified into two corresponding subgroups according to postoperative CA19-9. Prognostic significance of allclinicopathologic factors was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Postoperative CA19-9,preoperative CA125 and lymph node status were independent predictors. Better predictive performances foroverall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were achieved by postoperative CA19-9 comparedto preoperative CA125 and lymph node status. Particularly, preoperative CA125 was associated with poor OS(p<0.001 for the normalized CA19-9 patients, p=0.012 for the elevated) and RFS (p=0.005 for the normalized,p=0.004 for the elevated). Moreover, preoperative CA125 levels related with survival in double- negative patients.Conclusions: Normalization of CA19-9 is not tantamount to be cured. Preoperative CA125 is a critical predictorfor PDAC patients, especially in double-negative patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
661
666
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30487_fdd94e8a005ccddc3add8139aa9c4291.pdf
Attitudes Towards Colorectal Cancer (CRC) and CRC Screening Tests among Elderly Malay Patients
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in Malaysia, where data arelimited regarding knowledge and barriers in regard to CRC and screening tests. The aim of the study was toassess these parameters among Malaysians. Materials and Methods: The questionnaires were distributed inthe Umra Private Hospital in Selangor. The questionnaire had four parts and covered social-demographicquestions, respondent knowledge about CRC and colorectal tests, attitude towards CRC and respondentactionregarding CRC. More than half of Malay participants (total n=187) were female (57.2%) and 36.9% of themwere working as professionals. Results: The majority of the participants (93.6%) never had a CRC screeningtest. The study found that only 10.2% of the study participants did not consider that their chances of gettingCRC were high. A high percentage of the participants (43.3%) believed that they would have good chance ofsurvival if the cancer would be found early. About one third of the respondents did not want to do screeningbecause of fear of cancer, and concerns of embarrassment during the procedure adversely affected attitude toCRC screening as well. Age, gender, income, family history of CRC, vegetable intake and physical activity werefound to be significant determinants of knowledge on CRC. Conclusions: The major barriers identified towardsCRC screening identified in our study were fear of pain and embarrassment. The findings have implicationsfor understanding of similarities and differences in attitude to CRC amongst elderly patients in other cultural/geographic regions.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
667
674
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30488_17a09ac0a46cb71ed9097d9178262967.pdf
Elevated Fasting Blood Glucose is Associated with Increased Risk of Breast Cancer: Outcome of Case-control Study Conducted in Karachi, Pakistan
text
article
2015
eng
Background: There are several validated risk factors for breast cancer. However the legitimacy of elevatedfasting blood glucose (FBG) is not well established. This study was designed to assess this parameter as a riskfactor for breast cancer among pre- and post-menopausal women. Materials and Methods: This case-controlstudy was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi from June 2010 to August 2014.Simple random sampling technique was used to collect data of study subjects comprising 175 diagnosed breastcancer patients with positive histopathology from Breast Clinic, surgical unit-1, Civil Hospital, Karachi and 175healthy controls from various screening programs. Blood samples were analyzed for FBG and serum insulin.Results: FBG, HOMA-IR, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly raised in breast cancer caseswhen compared to control subjects. Cases and controls were further categorized in to two groups using cutoffvalue of 110mg/dl to distinguish subjects into normal fasting glucose (<110mg/dl) and having impaired fastingglucose (≥110-≤125 mg/dl) or diabetes (≥126 mg/dl). Odds ratios were found to be 1.57, 2.15 and 1.17 in overall,pre-menopausal and post-menopausal groups, respectively. (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: A statistically significantrisk of breast cancer exists in women having elevated fasting blood glucose levels, corresponding to prediabetesand diabetes, among pre and postmenopausal ages, with comparatively greater effects in the premenopausalgroup.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
675
678
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30489_7baf21eb511224a801a84450d0dc1753.pdf
Expression of IER3 in Primary Hepatocarcinoma: Correlation with Clinicopathological Parameters
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Studies indicate the immediate early response gene 3 (IER3) is involved in many biologicalprocesses. Recently, it was discovered that IER3 plays an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.Thus it may be a valuable biomarker in tumor. This study was designed to investigate the expression status ofIER3 in primary hepatocarcinoma (PHC) and correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Materials andMethods: Real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the expression levels of IER3 in 62 pathologically diagnosedhuman PHC specimens. Results: A statistically significant association was disclosed between the expression ofIER3 and P53 mutant protein (short for P53), Ki-67, EGFR and the biggest diameter, differentiation grade oftumor. Conclusions: This work is the first to shed light on the potential clinical usefulness of IER3, as an efficienttumor biomarker in PHC.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
679
682
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30490_12a10d9d0a65dd23c1858b515fabb49a.pdf
Dietary Aloe Vera Gel Powder and Extract Inhibit AzoxymethaneinducedColorectal Aberrant Crypt Foci in Mice Fed a Highfat Diet
text
article
2015
eng
Aloe vera gel exhibits protective effects against insulin resistance as well as lipid-lowering and anti-diabeticeffects. The anti-diabetic compounds in this gel were identified as Aloe-sterols. Aloe vera gel extract (AVGE)containing Aloe-sterols has recently been produced using a new procedure. We previously reported that AVGEreduced large-sized intestinal polyps in Apc-deficient Min mice fed a high fat diet (HFD), suggesting that Aloevera gel may protect against colorectal cancer. In the present study, we examined the effects of Aloe vera gelpowder (AVGP) and AVGE on azoxymethane-induced colorectal preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in micefed a HFD. Male C57BL/6J mice were given a normal diet (ND), HFD, HFD containing 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose solution, which was used as a solvent for AVGE (HFDC), HFD containing 3% or 1% AVGP, and HFDCcontaining 0.0125% (H-) or 0.00375% (L-) AVGE. The number of ACF was significantly lower in mice given3% AVGP and H-AVGE than in those given HFD or HFDC alone. Moreover, 3% AVGP, H-AVGE and L-AVGEsignificantly decreased the mean Ki-67 labeling index, assessed as a measure of cell proliferation in the colonicmucosa. In addition, hepatic phase II enzyme glutathione S-transferase mRNA levels were higher in the H-AVGEgroup than in the HFDC group. These results suggest that both AVGP and AVGE may have chemopreventiveeffects on colorectal carcinogenesis under the HFD condition. Furthermore, the concentration of Aloe-sterolswas similar between 3% AVGP and H-AVGE, suggesting that Aloe-sterols were the main active ingredients inthis experiment.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
683
687
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30144_ecbbd8b9fd095f5cad7de032a84d9d9d.pdf
Frequency of EGFR Mutations in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Screening Data from West Siberia
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Incorporation of molecular analysis of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene intoroutine clinical practice has shown great promise to provide personalized therapy of the non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC) in the developed world. However, the genetic testing of EGFR mutations has not yet becomeroutine clinical practice in territories remote from the central regions of Russia. Therefore, we aimed to study thefrequency of major types of activating mutations of the EGFR gene in NSCLC patients residing in West Siberia.Materials and Methods: We examined EGFR mutations in exons 19 and 21 in 147 NSCLC patients (excludingsquamous cell lung carcinomas) by real time polymerase chain reaction. Results: EGFR mutations were detectedin 28 of the 147 (19%) patients. There were 19 (13%) cases with mutations in exon 19 and 9 cases (6%) in exon21. Mutations were more frequently observed in women (42%, p=0.000) than in men (1%). A significantlyhigher incidence of EGFR mutations was observed in bronchioloalveolar carcinomas (28%, p=0.019) and inadenocarcinomas (21%, p=0.024) than in large cell carcinomas, mixed adenocarcinomas, and NOS (4%). TheEGFR mutation rate was much higher in never-smokers than in smokers: 38% vs. 3% (p=0.000). The frequencyof EGFR mutations in the Kemerovo and Tomsk regions was 19%. Conclusions: The incorporation of molecularanalysis of the EGFR gene into routine clinical practice will allow clinicians to provide personalised therapy,resulting in a significant increase in survival rates and improvement in life quality of advanced NSCLC patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
689
692
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30145_1bda9f89339a73c3ef273d9b3473cc6d.pdf
Human Telomerase Gene and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection are Related to Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
text
article
2015
eng
Our aims were to evaluate the clinical performance of human telomerase RNA gene component (hTERCgene) amplification assay with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA test of Hybrid Capture 2 DNAtest (HC2), for the detection of high grade cervical precancerous lesions and cancer (CIN 2+). In addition, theassociation shown between hTERC gene amplification and HPV DNA test positive in women with and withoutcervical neoplasia was assessed. There were 92 women who underwent cytology, HR-HPV DNA test, hTERCgene amplification test, colposcopy and biopsy. We compared the clinical performance of hTERC gene testalong with HR-HPV DNA test of women with colposcopy and routine screening. The samples were histologyconfirmedhigh-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2) or worse (CIN2+) as the positive criterion. Thetest of hTERC gene showed the hTERC gene amplification positivity increased with the severity of histologicalabnormality and cytological abnormality. The test of hTERC gene showed higher specificity than HR-HPV DNAtest for high-grade lesions (84.4% versus 50%) and also higher positive predictive value (90.4% versus 76.5%).Our results predicted that hTERC gene amplification demonstrated more specific performance for predictingthe risk of progression and offer a strong potential as a tool for triage in cervical cancer screening, with thelimited sensitive as HR-HPV DNA test.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
693
697
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30146_25210d4ba0f6eab648f0d215616843c6.pdf
Treatment of Vemurafenib-Resistant SKMEL-28 Melanoma Cells with Paclitaxel
text
article
2015
eng
Vemurafenib has recently been used as drug for treatment of melanomas with BRAFV600E mutation.Unfortunately, treatment with only vemurafenib has not been sufficiently effective, with recurrence after ashort period. In this study, three vemurafenib-resistant BRAFV600E melanoma cell lines, A375PR, A375MR andSKMEL-28R, were established from the original A375P, A375M and SKMEL-28 cell lines. Examination of themolecular mechanisms showed that the phosphorylation levels of MEK and ERK, which play key roles in theRAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, were reduced in these three cell lines, with increased phosphorylationlevels of pAKTs limited to SKMEL-28R cells. Treatment of SKMEL-28R cells with 100 nM paclitaxel resultedin increased apoptosis and decreased cellular proliferation, invasion and colony formation via reduction ofexpression levels of EGFR and pAKTs. Moreover, vemurafenib-induced pAKTs in SKMEL-28R were decreasedby treatment with an AKT inhibitor, MK-2206. Taken together, our results revealed that resistance mechanismsof BRAFV600E-mutation melanoma cells to vemurafenib depended on the cell type. Our results suggested thatpaclitaxel should be considered as a drug in combination with vemurafenib to treat melanoma cells.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
699
705
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30491_106a468d7bb6e744c6ff9351de17ed5f.pdf
A Logistic Model Including Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis Can Improve the Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis of Rectal Cancer
text
article
2015
eng
Background: To evaluate use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a logistic model including risk factorsfor lymph node metastasis for improved diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 176 patients withrectal cancer who underwent preoperative MRI. The longest lymph node diameter was measured and a cut-offvalue for positive lymph node metastasis was established based on a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.A logistic model was constructed based on MRI findings and risk factors for lymph node metastasis extractedfrom logistic-regression analysis. The diagnostic capabilities of MRI alone and those of the logistic model werecompared using the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve. Results: The cut-off value was a diameter of5.47 mm. Diagnosis using MRI had an accuracy of 65.9%, sensitivity 73.5%, specificity 61.3%, positive predictivevalue (PPV) 62.9%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 72.2% [AUC: 0.6739 (95%CI: 0.6016-0.7388)]. Age (<59)(p=0.0163), pT (T3+T4) (p=0.0001), and BMI (<23.5) (p=0.0003) were extracted as independent risk factors forlymph node metastasis. Diagnosis using MRI with the logistic model had an accuracy of 75.0%, sensitivity 72.3%,specificity 77.4%, PPV 74.1%, and NPV 75.8% [AUC: 0.7853 (95%CI: 0.7098-0.8454)], showing a significantlyimproved diagnostic capacity using the logistic model (p=0.0002). Conclusions: A logistic model including riskfactors for lymph node metastasis can improve the accuracy of MRI diagnosis of rectal cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
707
712
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30492_5a6d005832a2d01daff7969df06bc709.pdf
DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms Do Not Predict Response to Radiotherapy-Based Multimodality Treatment of Patients with Rectal Cancer: a Meta-analysis
text
article
2015
eng
Background: : A number of association studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship betweengenetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and response to radiotherapy-based multimodality treatment ofpatients with rectal cancer. However, their conclusions were inconsistent. The objective of the present study wasto assess the role of DNA repair gene genetic polymorphisms in predicting genetic biomarkers of the response inrectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Materials and Methods: Studies were retrievedby searching the PubMed database, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ISI Web of Knowledge. We conducted ameta-analysis to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms and the response in rectal cancer treatedwith neoadjuvant chemoradiation by checking odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results:Data were extracted from 5 clinical studies for this meta-analysis. The results showed that XRCC1 RS25487,XRCC1 RS179978, XRCC3 RS861539, ERCC1 RS11615 and ERCC2 RS13181 were not associated with theresponse in the radiotherapy-based multimodality treatment of patients with rectal cancer (p>0.05). Conclusions:This study shows that DNA repair gene common genetic polymorphisms are not significantly correlated withthe radiotherapy-based multimodality treatment in rectal cancer patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
713
718
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30493_103f39ecf5ff9faec0806326e3b96574.pdf
Tumor Markers in Serum and Ascites in the Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Ascites
text
article
2015
eng
Objective: To evaluate the values of 4 tumor markers in serum and ascites and their ascites/serum ratios inthe identification and diagnosis of benign and malignant ascites. Materials and Methods: A total of 76 patientswere selected as subjects and divided into malignant ascites group (45 cases) and benign ascites group (31cases). Samples of ascites and serum of all hospitalized patients were collected before treatment. The levels ofcarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9) were detected by chemiluminescence (CLIA) . Results: CEA, AFP and CA19-9 in both serumand ascites as well as CA125 in ascites were evidently higher in the malignant ascites group than in the benignascites group (P<0.01). Malignant ascites was associated with elevated ascites/serum ratios for AFP and CA125(P<0.01). The areas under receiver operating characteristic (AUROCs) of CEA and CA125 in ascites and theratios of ascites/serum of AFP, CEA, CA125 and CA19-9 were all >0.7, suggesting certain values, while those ofascites CA19-9 and serum CEA were 0.697 and 0.629 respectively, indicating low accuracy in the identificationand diagnosis of benign and malignant ascites. However, the AUROCs of the remaining indexes were <0.5, with novalue for identification and diagnosis. Compared with single index, the sensitivity of combined detection increasedsignificantly (P<0.05), in which the combined detection of CEA, CA19-9 and CA125 in ascites as well as the ratioof ascites/serum of CEA, CA19-9, CA125 and AFP had the highest sensitivity (98.4%) but with relevantly lowspecificity. Both sensitivity and specificity of combined detection should be comprehensively considered so asto choose the most appropriate index. Conclusions: Compared with single index, combined detection of tumormarkers in serum and ascites can significantly improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
719
722
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30494_db6fa38a80acb8590b0a6dcd4e2f04c9.pdf
Symptom Experiences and Coping Strategies among Multiethnic Solid Tumor Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy in Malaysia
text
article
2015
eng
Background: This study was performed to assess patient symptoms prevalence, frequency and severity, as wellas distress and coping strategies used, and to identify the relationships between coping strategies and psychologicaland physical symptoms distress and demographic data of cancer patients. This cross-sectional descriptive studyinvolved a total of 268 cancer patients with various types of cancer and chemotherapy identified in the oncologyunit of an urban tertiary hospital. Materials and Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires (demographicquestionnaire, Medical characteristics, Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) and Brief COPE scalesand analyzed for demographic, and disease-related variable effects on symptom prevalence, severity, distressand coping strategies. Results: Symptom prevalence was relatively high and ranged from 14.9% for swellingof arms and legs to 88.1% for lack of energy. This latter was the highest rated symptom in the study. The levelof distress was found to be low in three domains. Problem-focused coping strategies were found to be morecommonly employed compared to emotion-focused strategies, demonstrating significant associations with sex, agegroup, educational levels and race. However, there was a positive correlation between emotion-focused strategiesand physical and psychological distress, indicating that patients would choose emotion-focused strategies whensymptom distress increased. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that high symptom prevalence ratesand coping strategies used render an improvement in current nursing management. Therefore development ofsymptoms management groups, encouraging the use of self-care diaries and enhancing the quality of psychooncologyservices provided are to be recommended.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
723
730
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30495_879d63670a1dd5df3b60356aa345827c.pdf
Cancer Risk Factors in Korean News Media: a Content Analysis
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Little is known about the news coverage of cancer risk factors in Korea. This study aimed toexamine how the news media encompasses a wide array of content regarding cancer risk factors and relatedcancer sites, and investigate whether news coverage of cancer risk factors is congruent with the actual prevalenceof the disease. Materials and Methods: A content analysis was conducted on 1,138 news stories covered duringa 5-year period between 2008 and 2012. The news stories were selected from nationally representative mediain Korea. Information was collected about cancer risk factors and cancer sites. Results: Of various cancer riskfactors, occupational and environmental exposures appeared most frequently in the news. Breast cancer wasmentioned the most in relation to cancer sites. Breast, cervical, prostate, and skin cancer were overrepresentedin the media in comparison to incidence and mortality cases, whereas lung, thyroid, liver, and stomach cancerwere underrepresented. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this research is the first investigation dealing with newscoverage about cancer risk factors in Korea. The study findings show occupational and environmental exposuresare emphasized more than personal lifestyle factors; further, more prevalent cancers in developed countrieshave greater media coverage, not reflecting the realities of the disease. The findings may help health journalistsand other health storytellers to develop effective ways to communicate cancer risk factors.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
731
736
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30496_50339a14d96e293513cfcd62cdb5d14e.pdf
Factors Affecting Disease-Free Status of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Patients
text
article
2015
eng
Purpose: The study aim was to assess factors that impact on the outcome of radioiodine therapy in patientsdiagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospectivecohort study on 256 patients with DTC who underwent thyroidectomy and received radioiodine therapy duringDecember 2003 to January 2012. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year. They were considered diseasefreeby the criteria of the revised American Thyroid Association Management Guideline for Patients withThyroid nodules and DTC (ATA guideline 2009). Results: On Cox univariate analysis, factors associated withdisease-free status were age<45, stage I tumor, low risk group by histopathology, unifocal tumor involvement,stimulated serum Tg level at 1st dose of radioiodine therapy and no distant metastasis from 1st post-treatmentWBS (post RxWBS). On multivariate analysis, stage I tumor and stimulated serum Tg level at 1st dose ofradioiodine therapy < 30 ng/mL were the significant prognostic factors that increased disease-free rate by 1.73times and 2.60 times, respectively (P-value <0.05). Conclusions: Factors affecting the outcome of radioiodinetherapy in our study were age, stage, risk of recurrence by histopathology, unifocal tumor involvement and 1stpostRxWBS findings. From these factors, stage I tumor and stimulated serum Tg level at 1st dose of radioiodinetherapy were independent prognostic factors that substantial increase the disease-free rate.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
737
740
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30497_b57b70125b0042a143d9f38db1c179fc.pdf
Exogenous p53 Upregulated Modulator of Apoptosis (PUMA) Decreases Growth of Lung Cancer A549 Cells
text
article
2015
eng
Purpose: To investigate the influence of exogenous p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expressionon cell proliferation and apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and transplanted tumor cellgrowth in nude mice. Materials and Methods: A549 cells were divided into the following groups: control, noncarrier(NC), PUMA (transfected with pCEP4- (HA) 2-PUMA plasmid), DDP (10μg/mL cisplatin treatment)and PUMA+DDP (transfected with pCEP4-(HA)2-PUMA plasmid and 10μg/mL cisplatin treatment). The MTTmethod was used to detect the cell survival rate. Cell apoptosis rates were measured by flow cytometry, andPUMA, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression levels were measured by Western blotting. Results: Compared to thecontrol group, the PUMA, DDP and PUMA+DDP groups all had significantly decreased A549 cell proliferation(p<0.01), with the largest reduction in the PUMA+DDP group. Conversely, the apoptosis rates of the three groupswere significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the PUMA and DDP treatments were synergistic. Moreover, Baxprotein levels significantly increased (p<0.01), while Bcl-2 protein levels significantly decreased (p<0.01). Finally,both the volume and the weights of transplanted tumors were significantly reduced (p<0.01), and the inhibitionratio of the PUMA+DDP group was significantly higher than in the single DDP or PUMA groups. Conclusions:Exogenous PUMA effectively inhibited lung cancer A549 cell proliferation and transplanted tumor growth byincreasing Bax protein levels and reducing Bcl-2 protein levels.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
741
746
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30498_af7d4b08c831ab305e7682619865e0dc.pdf
A Prognostic Model To Predict Survival In Stage III Colon Cancer Patients Based on Histological Grade, Preoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level and the Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Stage III colon cancer patients demonstrate diverse clinical outcomes. The aim of this studywas to develop a prognostic model in order to better predict their survival. Materials and Methods: From 2004to 2010, 548 patients were retrospectively analyzed, among whom 328 were defined as the study group and theremaining 220 served as a validation group. Clinico-pathologic features, including age, gender, histological grade,T stage, number of positive lymph nodes, number of harvest lymph nodes, pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) levels and pretreatment neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival curveswere used to detect prognostic factors and multivariate analysis was applied to identify independent exampleson which to develop a prognostic model. Finally, the model was further validated with the validation group.Results: Histological grade (p=0.002), T stage (p=0.011), number of positive lymph nodes (p=0.003), number ofharvested lymph nodes (p=0.020), CEA (p=0.005), and NLR (p<0.001) were found as prognostic factors whilehistological grade [RR(relative risk):0.632, 95%CI (Confidence interval) 0.405~0.985, p=0.043], CEA (RR:0.644,95%CI:0.431~0.964, p=0.033) and NLR (RR:0.384, 95%CI:0.255~0.580, p<0.001) levels were independent. Theprognostic model based on these three factors was able to classify patients into high risk, intermediate and lowrisk groups (p<0.001), both in study and validation groups. Conclusions: Histological grade, pretreatment CEAand NLR levels are independent prognostic factors in stage III colon cancer patients. A prognostic model basedon these factors merits attention in future clinical practice.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
747
751
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30499_923c5ccb68101d70b1b125f1e019a2f7.pdf
Is Early Detection of Colon Cancer Possible with Red Blood Cell Distribution Width?
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is one of the standard parameters with blood cell counts.Much previous research has indicated that it increases in cases of systemic inflammation or cardiametabolicincident. However, information on the relation of RDW with solid tumors causing systemic inflammation islimited. In the present research, we examined the relation of RDW with malignant and benign lesions of the colon.Materials and Methods: 115 patients with colon polyps (group 1), and 30 with colon cancer (group 2) who werediagnosed histopathologically in our clinic between January 2010-January 2013 were scanned retrospectively.Patients with anemia, hematologic diseases and active inflammation were excluded. RDW, mean corpuscularvolume (MCV), hemoglobin (Hgb) and platelet (Plt) measurements were recorded and their relations with themalignant and benign lesions of the colon were examined. Results: Both groups were similar in age and genderdistribution. RDW values of patients with colon cancer were significantly higher than the patients with colonpolyp (p=0,01). No significant differences were detected between the two groups in terms of MCV and Pltvalues (p>0,05). Conclusions: RDW can be used as an early warning biomarker for solid colon tumors. Furtherprospective research is required on the relations of cheap and easily measured RDW parameters with colonmalignancies.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
753
756
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30500_277f67743feb95b98b299df8fe5c5381.pdf
Rhabdomyosarcoma - an Epidemiological and Histopathologic Study of 277 Cases from a Major Tertiary Care Center in Karachi, Pakistan
text
article
2015
eng
Aim: To present the epidemiologic data (age, gender, size etc) and histopathologic and immunohistochemicalfeatures of cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) reported in our department. Settings: Section of Histopathology,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Duration: Allcases of RMS diagnosed between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2012 were included in the study. Results:A total of 277 cases were included. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) was by far the dominant histologictype (87.4%) followed by alveolar type (ARMS)(9.4%). ERMS was much more common in males (64.0%)andover 65% of cases occurred in the first decade of life (over 90% in the first two decades). Head and neck regionwas commonest site for ERMS (46.7%), followed by the genitourinary system (16.1%). Over 65% cases of ARMSoccurred in the extremities. Over 80% cases of ARMS occurred in the first 3 decades of life. Immunohistochemicalstaining for Desmin and MyoD1 was positive in 96.7% and 85.4% respectively. Conclusions: The epidemiologicdata and microscopic findings in our patients are similar to international published data on rhabdomyosarcoma.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
757
760
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30501_6fd1bfa684b74c563a08d166f0de592b.pdf
Wild Carrot Oil Extract is Selectively Cytotoxic to Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
text
article
2015
eng
Background: In this study, we used Daucus carota oil extract (DCOE) to target acute myeloid leukemia(AML) cells. All the AML cell lines tested were sensitive to the extract while peripheral mononuclear cellswere not. Analysis of mechanism of cell death showed an increase in cells positive for annexinV and for activecaspases, indicating that DCOE induces apoptotic cell death in AML. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway decreasedsensitivity of AML cells to DCOE, indicating that cytotoxicity may be dependent on its activity. In conclusion,DCOE induces selective apoptosis in AML cells, possibly through a MAPK-dependent mechanism.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
761
767
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30502_13a636711419e5d1056d14b938e5c266.pdf
Fibulin-5 is a Prognostic Marker that Contributes to Proliferation and Invasion of Human Glioma Cells
text
article
2015
eng
Fibulin-5 has recently been considered as a potential tumor suppressor in human cancers. Several studieshave shown that it is down-regulated in a variety of tumor types and inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Thisstudy was aimed to investigate the clinical significance of fibulin-5 in glioma and its role in cell proliferationand invasion. We found that the expression of fibulin-5 in glioma tissues was significantly lower than those innormal brain (NB) tissues. Negative expression was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage (gradeIII+IV) . Furthermore, Fibulin-5 negative expression was correlated with a shorter overall survival of gliomapatients. Multivariate Cox repression analysis indicated that fibulin-5 was an independent factor for predictingoverall survival of glioma patients. Overexpression obviously inhibited cell proliferation in U251 and U87cells. Furthermore, it significantly reduced the number of migrating and invading glioma cells. In conclusion,impaired expression of fibulin-5 is correlated with the advanced tumor stage in glioma. Otherwise, Fibulin-5 isan independent prognostic marker for predicting overall survival of glioma patients. Mechanistically, it mayfunction as a tumor suppressor via inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion in gliomas.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
769
773
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30147_1bc7da31a8a2cfb1ba52d6c1f5cb7ba3.pdf
RB1 Polymorphism Contributes to the Efficacy of Platinum-Taxanes in Advanced Squamous Cell Lung Cancer
text
article
2015
eng
Background: RB1 (retinoblastoma 1) was reportedly one of the major determinative factors for sensitivity totaxanes in previous studies. In this study, we investigated the influence of RB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) on the efficacy of platinum-taxane regimens in advanced NSCLC patients. Materials and Methods: 234cases of patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with first-line platinum-taxane agents were enrolledin this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from patients’ peripheral blood samples using a QIAamp DNAMaxi Kit, and genotyped by iSelect HD Bead-Chip. Results: Regression analyses were conducted through theunivariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model in the 234 patients. The results showed that of theeight RB1 tagSNPs, only rs4151510 was a positive predictive factor for the advanced NSCLC patients treatedwith platinum taxanes regimen. The patients with G/G genotype of RB rs4151510 had longer overall survival(OS) than the non-G/G genotype (p=0.018). The histology was also correlated with OS in the whole advancedNSCLC patients. Three tagSNPs of RB1, rs4151510, rs4151465, rs9568036 were significantly associated withOS in the advanced NSCLC patients with squamous cell histology using Kaplan-Meier overall survival analysisstratified by histology. Conclusions: RB1 genomic variants were correlated with the efficacy of platinum-taxanesregimen. RB rs4151510 is an independent factor of the prognosis of NSCLC patients receiving platinum-taxanechemotherapy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
775
781
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30148_ddf2ff4ff712d7e334c916ae05d065e1.pdf
Hospitalization Risk According to Geriatric Assessment and Laboratory Parameters in Elderly Hematologic Cancer Patients
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Utilizing geriatric screening tools for the identification of vulnerable older patients with canceris important. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hospitalization risk of elderly hematologic cancer patientsbased on geriatric assessment and laboratory parameters. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study61 patients with hematologic malignancies, age 65 years and older, were assessed at a hematology outpatientclinic. Standard geriatric screening tests; activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living(IADL), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), timed up and go test(TUG), geriatrics depression scale (GDS) were administered. Demographic and medical data were obtained frompatient medical records. The number of hospitalizations in the following six months was then recorded to allowanalysis of associations with geriatric assessment tools and laboratory parameters. Results: The median age of thepatients, 37 being males, was 66 years. Positive TUG test and declined ADL was found as significant risk factorsfor hospitalization (p=0.028 and p=0.015 respectively). Correlations of hospitalization with thrombocytopenia,vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency were statistically significant (p=0.004, p=0.011 and p=0.05 respectively).Conclusions: In this study, geriatric conditions which are usually unrecognized in a regular oncology office visitwere identified. Our study indicates TUG and ADL might be use as predictive tests for hospitalization in elderlyoncology populations. Also thrombocytopenia, and vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies are among the riskfactors for hospitalization. The importance of vitamin B12 and folic acid vitamin replacement should not beunderestimated in this population.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
783
786
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30149_e8407cfea946a67ca47695994b4b4e0d.pdf
Lack of Association between Using Aspirin and Development of Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma: A Meta-analysis
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies, originating in thelymphatic organs, whose incidence is increasing in developed as well as developing countries. Epidemiologicalevidence suggests that aspirin may reduce the incidence and mortality of several cancers. The main objectiveof this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between using aspirin and development of NHL with ameta-analysis. Materials and Methods: A total of 7 studies were included. Outcome was calculated and reportedas odds ratios (ORs). Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochrane Q and I2 statistics. Dissemination bias wasevaluated by funnel plot visualization and trim-and-fill analysis. Results: Our analysis showed OR of developingNHL overall of 1(95% CI: 0.87-1.16, p=0.9), and in females this was 0.81 (95%CI: 0.72-.92, p=0.001) and inmales 1.01 (95%CI: 0.82-1.26, p=0.86). The odds ratio (OR) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocyticlymphoma (CLL/SLL) was 0.85 (95%CI: 0.75-0.97, p=0.02), The ORs of follicular lymphoma (FL) and largeB-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in individuals exposed to aspirin were 1.12 (95%CI: 0.86-1.45, p=0.37) and 1.03(95%CI: 0.9-1.19, p=0.6) respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, individuals taking aspirin do not demonstrateany change in risk of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
787
792
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30503_0b537f0c12c86ef8306b61320237fc97.pdf
Clinico-Hematological Profile of Patients with B-Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia in Pakistan
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is not an uncommon hematological malignancy whichprimarily affects elderly individuals. It is more common in developed world than in developing countries. Therational of this study was to determine the clinico-hematological profile in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: Inthis prospective cross sectional study, sixty patients with CLL were enrolled from January 2011 to June 2013.Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age was 59.0±9.2 years (range 40-82) and the maleto female ratio was 2.1:1. Peak age group was 60-70 years (38.3%) and 18.3% were under 50 years old. Majorcomplaints were weakness (51.7%), fever (18.3%) and abdominal discomfort (13.3%). Main clinical findingswere splenomegaly (46.6%), lymphadenopathy (36.6%) and pallor (26.7%). Some 16.7% were diagnosedincidentally. The mean hemoglobin was 10.8±2.4 g/dl, with a total leukocyte count of 91.5±87.8x109/l and platelets197.8±103.2x109/l. Anemia and thrombocytopenia were seen in 26.7% and 21.7% of cases, respectively. HighLDH and hyperuricemia were detected in 15% each and elevated serum creatinine was seen in 11.6%. Accordingto Rai staging 11.6% were in stage 0, 13.3% stage 1, 26.7% each for stage II and stage III while 21.7% patientswere in stage IV. Conclusions: CLL in our patients in Pakistan, unlike in the West, is seen in a relatively youngpopulation with male predominance. Primarily disease is of B- cell origin and about 2/3 of the patients presentat advanced stage.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
793
796
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30504_7d766799b61aa8e64397a216e0b948b5.pdf
Perfusion Computed Tomography in Predicting Treatment Response of Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the predictive value of perfusioncomputed tomography (CT) for response of local advanced esophageal carcinoma to radiotherapy andchemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Before any treatment, forty-three local advanced esophageal squamouscell carcinomas were prospectively evaluated by perfusion scan with 16-row CT from June 2009 to January 2012.Perfusion parameters, including perfusion (BF), peak enhanced density (PED), blood volume (BV), and time topeak (TTP) were measured using Philips perfusion software. Seventeen cases received definitive radiotherapyand 26 received concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. The response was evaluated by CT scan and esophagography.Differences in perfusion parameters between responders and non-responders were analyzed, and ROCs were usedto assess predictive value of the baseline parameters for treatment response. Results: There were 25 responders(R) and 18 non-responders (NR). Responders showed significantly higher BF (R:34.1 ml/100g/min vs NR: 25.0ml/100g/min, p=0.001), BV (23.2 ml/100g vs 18.3 ml/100g, p=0.009) and PED (32.5 HU vs 28.32HU, P=0.003) thannon-responders. But the baseline TTP (R: 38.2s vs NR: 44.10s, p=0.172) had no difference in the two groups.For baseline BF, a threshold of 36.1 ml/100g/min achieved a sensitivity of 56%, and a specificity of 94.4% fordetection of clinical responders from non-responders. Conclusions: The results suggest that the perfusion CTcan provide some helpful information for identifying tumors that may respond to radio-chemotherapy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
797
802
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30505_7e0b7031e01468b3a6770d35ca71ff77.pdf
Association of Paraoxonase-1(Q192R and L55M) Gene Polymorphisms and Activity with Colorectal Cancer and Effect of Surgical Intervention
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Oxidative DNA damage maycontribute to cancer risk and the antioxidant paraoxonase is one endogenous free radical scavenger in the humanbody which could therefore exert an influeence. Purpose: Aim of this study was to determine the role of serumarylesterase (ARE) and paraoxonase 1(PON1) activities in CRC patients and to find any association between(PON1) Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms in CRC patients. Also the serum ARE and PON1 activities inCRC patients will be investigated before and after surgery Materials and Methods: This study involved a total of50 patients with newly diagnosed CRC and 80 healthy controls. PON1 and ARE activities were determined usingan enzymatic spectrophotometric method. PON1 Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms were determined usingpolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based restriction fragmentanalysis. The restriction enzyme AlwI was used to examine the Q192R polymorphism and Hsp92II for the L55Mpolymorphism. Results: Significant differences in the PON1 Q192R polymorphism were found between patientsand controls. The Q allele was more frequent in the patient group than in controls, while the R allele was morefrequent in the controls. Significant differences were found in the L55M polymorphism. Additionally, there weresignificant differences in L and M allele frequencies (p=0.001). The serum activities of PON1 and ARE werelow in QQ and MM genotype. Conclusions: serum PON1 and ARE activities were significantly lower in CRCpatients compared to healthy subjects. The R allele may protect against colorectal cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
803
809
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30506_4659dd1b6738cea8e6719f04c65ab506.pdf
Community Based Intervention for Tobacco Cessation: A Pilot Study Experience, North East India
text
article
2015
eng
Background: North East India has a high prevalence of tobacco consumption, but only few individualsseekhelp for tobacco cessation. Impact of community based tobacco cessation intervention in this part needs moreresearch. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis was done on the dataset from a community-basedtobacco cessation intervention pilot project conducted in Guwahati metro during 2009-10. Subjects, both maleand female tobacco users, age > 15 years, permanent residents of these blocks giving consent were included inthe study. Results: The sample was 800 tobacco users, of whom 25% visited any health care provider duringlast 12 months and 3% received tobacco cessation advice. An 18% quit rate was observed at six weeks followup, more than the National average, with a 47% quit rate at eight months, while 52% of subjects reduced use.Conclusions: Higher tobacco quit rate and reduced tobacco use, no loss to follow up and negligible relapsewas observed with this community based intervention design. Such designs should be given more emphasisfor implementation in specified communities with very high tobacco consumption rates, cultural acceptance oftobacco and less motivation towards quitting.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
811
814
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30507_0cb35369858a01c54bae75eba4de880e.pdf
Lung Cancer in Women, a Different Disease: Survival Differences by Sex in Turkey
text
article
2015
eng
Purpose: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of sex-based non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)varieties on survival rates. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed in patients with NSCLCwho were diagnosed by histological methods between the years 2000 and 2010. A chi-square test was used tocompare variables. Overall survival (OS) was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Of the 844patients, 117 (13.9%) were women and 727 (86.1%) were men. Adenocarcinoma was more common in womenthan in men (p<0.0001). There were more women non-smokers than men (p<0.0001). There was no statisticallysignificant difference in ECOG PS, weight loss>10%, stage, LDH, albumin and treatment between women andmen. Women younger than 65 years (17.0 vs 12.0 months; p=0.03), who had adenocarcinoma histology (15.0 vs10.0 months; p=0.006) and who had a hemoglobin level ≥12g/dL (18.0 vs 12.0 months; p=0.01) were found to havea better median OS rate than men. Median OS rates were found to be 13.0 months in females and 12.0 monthsin males (p=0.14). Among metastatic patients, the median OS was 11.0 months in females and 8.0 months inmales (p=0.005). Among stage IIIB and stage IV patients who had first line platinum-based chemotherapy, themedian OS was 17.0 months in women and 11.0 months in men (p=0.002). The response rate of chemotherapywas higher in women than in men (p=0.03). Conclusions: In our study, we found that survival duration is longerand chemotherapy response is better in women with NSCLC who do not have anemia or comorbidities and whoare mostly non-smokers with adenocarcinomas. Further studies regarding the causes of these differences mayprovide clarity on this subject.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
815
822
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30508_d0191c13c46aeb95d8d4562c537d18dc.pdf
Relation between Ki-67, ER, PR, Her2/neu, p21, EGFR, and TOP II-α Expression in Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer Patients and Correlations with Prognosis
text
article
2015
eng
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of the transcription factor Ki-67, ER, PR,Her2/neu, p21, EGFR, and TOP II-α in the tumor tissue of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC); inaddition, we examined correlations between these markers. Two hundred and sixteen IDC patients, who werenot previously been treated with chemo- or radiotherapy, were included in the study. All tumors were grade I-III.Expression of molecular markers was determined by immunohistochemical analysis on paraffin-embedded tissuesections. Follow-up data were collected for 3 months to 10 years and analyzed for tumor recurrence, survival time,and prognostic risk factors. We determined Ki-67 expression correlates with the expression of ER, PR, HER-2,EGFR, and TOP-α, as well as lymph node involvement, high tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, high tumorstage, and high TNM stage in IDC. Positive Ki-67 expression was a risk factor for rapid tumor recurrence andmay help tumor progression, leading to poor prognosis in IDC. Ki-67 was directly correlated with EGFR, TOPII-α, lymph node involvement, high tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, high tumor stage, and high TNMstage in the hormone receptor subtypes of breast cancer. In triple negative breast cancer, Ki-67 correlated withTOP II-α. Expression of Ki-67 correlated with that of ER, PR, HER-2, EGFR, TOP II-α, and p21. In addition,the biomarker Ki-67 has a role as a prognostic factor and indicates a poor prognosis in IDC.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
823
829
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30509_a6e05a6571ef8b4eba9a2278b4f2297a.pdf
Inhibitory Effects of Dunning Rat Prostate Tumor Fluid on Proliferation of the Metastatic MAT-LyLu Cell Line
text
article
2015
eng
Tumor fluid accumulation occurs in both human cancer and experimental tumor models. Solid tumorsshow a tendency to tumor fluid accumulation because of their anatomical and physiological features and thismay be influenced by molecular factors. Fluid accumulation in the peri-tumor area also occurs in the Dunningmodel of rat prostate cancer as the tumor grows. In this study, the effects of tumor fluids that were obtainedfrom Dunning prostate tumor-bearing Copenhagen rats on the strongly metastatic MAT-LyLu cell line wereinvestigatedby examining the cell’s migration and tumor fluid’s toxicity and the kinetic parameters such as cellproliferation, mitotic index, and labelling index. In this research, tumor fluids were obtained from rats injectedwith 2X105 MAT- LyLu cells and treated with saline solution, and 200 nM tetrodotoxin (TTX), highly specificsodium channel blocker was used. Sterilized tumor fluids were added to medium of MAT-LyLu cells with theproportion of 20% in vitro. Consequently, it was demonstrated that Dunning rat prostate tumor fluid significantlyinhibited proliferation (up to 50%), mitotic index, and labeling index of MAT-LyLu cells (up to 75%) (p<0.05)but stimulated the motility of the cells in vitro.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
831
836
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30510_c2b1453079ae79648909a2e99680dcd9.pdf
The Myth of Not Disclosing the Diagnosis of Cancer: Does it Really Protect Elderly Patients from Depression?
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The disclosure of a diagnosis of cancer is complex, particularly in older patients. The aim ofthis study was to investigate the association between age and not knowing the diagnosis, and its impact on mood.Materials and Methods: The study included 70 patients with various types of solid and hematologic cancer inearly stages, which were followed up in an outpatient oncology/hematology clinic in Turkey between January,2014 and June, 2014. Initially the caregivers of patients were asked whether the patients knew their diagnosisor not. A questionnaire for the Geriatric Depression Scale was then administered to the patients. Patient age,gender, marital status and education level were noted and analyzed with respect to knowing the diagnosis anddepression. Results: Of the 70 patients, 40% of them were female. The mean age was 68.2 ± 8.9. The rate of thepatients who does not know their diagnosis was 37.1% (n=26). The overall depression rate with GDS was found37.1% (n=26) among the participants. There was no association with knowing the diagnosis (p=0.208) althoughthe association between not knowing the diagnosis and age was significant (p=0.01). Conclusions: In this studywe revealed no association between not knowing the diagnosis and depression in elderly patients. Contrary towhat some has thought, the patient is not protected from psychological distress by not being informed aboutthe diagnosis. We believe this study and similar ones will help to discuss and further explore patient autonomy,the principle of respect to self-determination and end of life issues in different cultures.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
837
840
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30511_abc44bda0045ced4c76fc9da043a87bc.pdf
IL-1B (C+3954T) Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer in the Iranian Population
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Gastric cancer as one of the most important diseases affecting health in all worldwide. Currentstudies have confirmed associations of cytokine gene polymorphisms with the risk of gastric cancer development.The current research aimed to assess the association of IL-1B+3954 genotypes with the risk of gastric cancerin the Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This case-control study covered 49 gastric cancer patientscompared to 53 cancer free individuals as a control group. Genomic-DNA extraction was carried out from biopticsamples of patients and peripheral blood of healthy volunteers. Polymorphism of IL-1B +3954 genotypes wereanalysed with a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.Results: The frequencies of IL-1B +3954 A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes in healthy individuals were 26.4, 66and 7.6 %, respectively. However, in gastric cancer patients, A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 with 4.1, 51 and 44.9% wereobserved (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of our results show a positive association between the IL-1B+3954genotype distribution and the risk of gastric cancer disease in the Iranian population.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
841
844
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30512_98e1204e77934d663f5ff2a10003b7d7.pdf
Illness Representations of Cancer among Healthy Residents of Kolkata, India
text
article
2015
eng
Cancer illness representations and screening history among residents of Kolkata, India, were investigatedalong with socio-demographic characteristics in an effort to understand possible motivations for healthbehavior. A total of 106 participants were recruited from community locations in Kolkata, India and completedsurveys including demographics, the illness perception questionnaire-revised (IPQ-R), and previous experiencewith cancer and screening practices. Participants were 51.5% college educated, 57% female, 51.5% full-timeemployed with average age of 32.7 years (R: 18-60 years). Descriptive statistics were generated for the subscalesof the IPQ-R, cancer-screening practices and cancer experience. Correlation analyses were conducted toinvestigate associations between cancer representations and socio-demographic variables. Univariate ANOVAswere calculated to determine gender differences in IPQ-R subscales and differences between participants whoknew someone diagnosed with cancer versus those who did not. While 76% of participants knew someone withcancer, only 5% of the sample engaged in cancer screening. Participants perceived cancer as a serious illnesswith negative emotional valence. Younger age (r(100)=-.36, p<0.001) and male gender (F(1, 98)=5.22, p=0.01,η2=0.05) were associated with better illness coherence. Males also reported greater personal control (F(1,98)=5.34, p=0.02, η2=0.05) were associated with better illness coherence. Low screening rates precluded analysesof the relationship between illness representations and cancer screening. Cancer was viewed as a threateningand uncontrollable disease among this sample of educated, middle class Kolkata residents. This view may actas a barrier to seeking cancer screening. Public awareness campaigns aimed at improving understanding ofthe causes, symptoms and consequences of cancer might reduce misunderstandings and fear, especially amongwomen and older populations, who report less comprehension of cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
2
no.
2015
845
852
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30513_2f4b8fb349e70e2a830da8b506e5e04b.pdf