Roundtable Discussion at the UICC World Cancer Congress: Looking Toward the Realization of Universal Health Coverage for Cancer in Asia
text
article
2015
eng
The Japan National Committee for the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and UICC-AsiaRegional Office (ARO) organized a Roundtable Discussion as part of the official program of the UICC WorldCancer Congress 2014 in Melbourne, Australia. The theme for the Roundtable Discussion was “Looking Towardthe Realization of Universal Health Care ‘UHC’ for Cancer in Asia” and it was held on December 5, 2014. Themeeting was held based on the recognition that although each country may take a different path towards therealization of UHC, one point that is common to all is that cancer is projected to be the most difficult disease toaddress under the goals of UHC and that there is, therefore, an urgent and pressing need to come to a commonunderstanding and awareness with regard to UHC concepts that are a priority component of a post-MDGdevelopment agenda. The presenters and participants addressed the issue of UHC for cancer in Asia from theirvarious perspectives in academia and international organizations. Discussions covered the challenges to UHCin Asia, collaborative approaches by international organizations, the need for uniform and relevant data, waysto create an Asia Cancer Barometer that could be applied to all countries in Asia. The session concluded withthe recognition that research on UHC in Asia should continue to be used as a tool for cancer cooperation in Asiaand that the achievement of UHC would require research and input not only from the medical community, butfrom a broad sector of society in a multidisciplinary approach. Discussions on this issue will continue towardsthe Asia-Pacific Cancer Conference in Indonesia in August 2015.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
1
8
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30382_2db6b3440bdcdffc66dcc084b9d28349.pdf
Mechanisms of Cadmium Carcinogenicity in the Gastrointestinal Tract
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article
2015
eng
Cancer, a serious public health problem in worldwide, results from an excessive and uncontrolled proliferationof the body cells without obvious physiological demands of organs. The gastrointestinal tract, including theesophagus, stomach and intestine, is a unique organ system. It has the highest cancer incidence and cancerrelatedmortality in the body and is influenceed by both genetic and environmental factors. Among the variouschemical elements recognized in the nature, some of them including zinc, iron, cobalt, and copper have essentialroles in the various biochemical and physiological processes, but only at low levels and others such as cadmium,lead, mercury, arsenic, and nickel are considered as threats for human health especially with chronic exposureat high levels. Cadmium, an environment contaminant, cannot be destroyed in nature. Through impairmentof vitamin D metabolism in the kidney it causes nephrotoxicity and subsequently bone metabolism impairmentand fragility. The major mechanisms involved in cadmium carcinogenesis could be related to the suppression ofgene expression, inhibition of DNA damage repair, inhibition of apoptosis, and induction of oxidative stress. Inaddition, cadmium may act through aberrant DNA methylation. Cadmium affects multiple cellular processes,including signal transduction pathways, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Down-regulation ofmethyltransferases enzymes and reduction of DNA methylation have been stated as epigenetic effects of cadmium.Furthermore, increasing intracellular free calcium ion levels induces neuronal apoptosis in addition to otherdeleterious influence on the stability of the genome.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
9
21
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30383_c25f41eb7ab1e6f447a7d8b45c13fa11.pdf
FoxM1 as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Cancer Drug Therapy
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article
2015
eng
Background: Current cancer therapy mainly focuses on identifying novel targets crucial for tumorigenesis. TheFoxM1 is of preference as an anticancer target, due to its significance in execution of mitosis, cell cycle progression,as well as other signal pathways leading to tumorigenesis. FoxM1 is partially regulated by oncoproteins or tumorsuppressors, which are often mutated, lost, or overexpressed in human cancer. Since sustaining proliferatingsignaling is an important hallmark of cancer, FoxM1 is overexpressed in a series of human malignancies. Alargescalegene expression analysis also identified FoxM1 as a differentially-expressed gene in most solid tumors.Furthermore, overexpressed FoxM1 is correlated with the prognosis of cancer patients, as verified in a seriesof malignancies by Cox regression analysis. Thus, extensive studies have been conducted to explore the roles ofFoxM1 in tumorigenesis, making it an attractive target for anticancer therapy. Several antitumor drugs havebeen reported to target or inhibit FoxM1 expression in different cancers, and down-regulation of FoxM1 alsoabrogates drug resistance in some cancer cell lines, highlighting a promising future for FoxM1 application inthe clinic.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
23
29
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30384_5825671829233a756d23772b1939b947.pdf
Breast Cancer Diagnosis by Mammography in Kazakhstan - Staging Results of Breast Cancer with Double Reading
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article
2015
eng
While mammography has been used for diagnosis of breast cancer in Kazakhstan for a long period,published data are very limited. Recently stress has been placed on increasing the accuracy by double readingof mammograms. Here we provide an overview of breast cancer screening in the different regions of Kazakhstanwith data on the stages of cancers detected. A total 459,816 women aged 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 and 60 years werescreened in 2012 and 379,903 in the first 9 months of 2013. Clear differences in levels of detection were notedbetween urban and rural residents, the latter demonstrating lower rates for both screening and cancer detection.Women aged 50 were more likely to undergo screening than their counterparts aged 60. While there were noclear relationships evident between screening rates and stage or numbers of breast cancers observed, this mightbe due to a number of complicating factors like geographical variation in risk factors as well as ethnicity. Futureanalyses should focus on the efficacy of mammography in Kazakhstan to reduce mortality.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
31
34
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30385_697b9d0e951b2ae12201dfa2ea357aff.pdf
Characteristics of Liver Cancer at Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent cancers in South East Asiancountries including Cambodia, where prevalence of chronic carriers of hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV)is reported to be very high. We reviewed HCC cases admitted to a cancer hospital in Phnom Penh, which is theonly one hospital for cancer treatment and care in Cambodia during the study period. Materials and Methods:Information was collected from medical records of 281 cases (210 males and 71 females) diagnosed as primaryHCC from 2006 to 2011. Results: The subjects were 7-81 years old with a median age of 53 years. Hypochondriacpain was the most common complained symptom (74%). One third of the cases presented with jaundice. Nearlyhalf had ascites at their first visit. One third had liver cirrhosis. Nearly three fourths of the cases presentedwith tumor sized more than 50 mm in diameter, and in almost all cases (97.4%) the size was more than 20 mm.Among 209 subjects tested, hepatitis virus carriers were 75.6%; 46.4% for HBV only, 21.5% for HCV only,and 7.7% for both viral infections. Median age of patients with HBV was about ten years younger than thosewith HCV. Conclusions: This study revealed the characteristics of HCC cases in Cambodia, although there wereseveral limitations. Most HCC cases were infected with HBV and/or HCV, and diagnosed at late stages withcomplications. This implicated that public health intervention to prevent HBV and HCV infection is of highpriority.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
35
39
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30386_7c6bee2141a5747aedb4b7dfb6a9e600.pdf
Intronic Polymorphisms of the SMAD7 Gene in Association with Colorectal Cancer
text
article
2015
eng
Based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) a linkage between several variants such as single nucleotidepolymorphisms (SNPs) in intron 3 of SMAD7 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog7) were, rs12953717,rs4464148 and rs4939827 has been noted for susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study we investigatedthe relationship of rs12953717 and rs4464148 with risk of CRC among 487 Iranian individuals based on a casecontrolstudy. Genotyping of SNPs was performed by PCR-RFLP and for confirming the outcomes, 10% ofgenotyping cases were sequenced with RFLP. Comparing the case and control group, we have found significantassociation between the rs4464148 SNP and lower risk of CRC. The AG genotype showed decreased risk withand odds ratio of 0.635 (adjusted OR=0.635, 95% CI: 0.417-0.967, p=0.034). There was no significant differencein the distribution of SMAD7 gene rs12953717 TT genotype between two groups of the population evaluated(adjusted OR=1.604, 95% CI: 0.978-2.633, p=0.061). On the other hand, rs12953717 T allele showed a statisticallysignificant association with CRC risk (adjusted OR=1.339, 95% CI: 1.017-1.764, p=0.037). In conclusion, wefound a significant association between CRC risk and the rs4464148 AG genotype. Furthermore, the rs12953717T allele may act as a risk factor. This association may be caused by alternative splicing of pre mRNA. Althoughwe observed a strong association with rs4464148 GG genotype in affected women, we did not detect the sameassociation in CRC male patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
41
44
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30387_9f719f94cdf946a3f380bd5ee6608092.pdf
Quality of Life for Patients with Esophageal/Gastric Cardia Precursor Lesions or Cancer: A One-year Prospective Study
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The current study examined health-related quality of life (QoL) for patients with esophageal/gastric cardia precursor lesions or cancer before and after treatment to facilitate improved prevention andtreatment. Materials and Methods: Patients with different stages of esophageal/gastric cardia lesions completedtwo QoL questionnaires, EORTC QLQ-C30 and supplemental QLQ-OES 18, before primary treatment, and at 1,6 and 12 months after treatment. Results: Fifty-nine patients with precursor lesions, 57 with early stage cancer,and 43 with advanced cancer responded to our survey. Patients with precursor lesions or early stage cancerreported better QoL overall than those with advanced cancer before treatment (p<0.01). Global QoL scores beforetreatment and at 1 month after treatment were 71±9 versus 69±9 (p>0.01), 71±8 versus 61±11 (p<0.01), 67 ± 11versus 62 ± 9 (p<0.01) for three stages of lesions. At 6 months after treatment, some QoL measures recoveredgradually in precursor lesion and early cancer patients, while some continuously deteriorated in advancedcancer patients. At 12 months, all QoL scores were comparable to baseline for patients with precursor lesions(p>0.01), while global QoL, social, pain, and insomnia scores for early stage and advanced cancer were inferior tocorresponding baseline levels (difference between means>5, p<0.01). At this time point, compared with patientswith early stage cancer, those with advanced cancer showed worse QoL with all function and most symptommeasures (p<0.01). Conclusions: Patients with precursor lesions or early stage esophageal/gastric cardia cancershow better QoL than those with advanced cancer. This indicates that screening, early diagnosis and treatmentmay improve the QoL for esophageal/gastric cardia cancer patients. Target intervention and counseling shouldbe given by health care providers during treatment and follow-up to facilitate QoL improvement.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
45
51
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30388_78b839cf1680ced6a6a514b9911825cd.pdf
Oral Glutamine Supplementation Reduces Radiotherapyinduced Esophagitis in Lung Cancer Patients
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the the efficacy of oral glutamine (GLN) in preventionof acute radiation-induced esophagitis in patients with lung cancer and determine the predictive role of clinicaland dosimetric parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients diagnosed with lung cancer werestudied prospectively. Sixteen patients (50%) received prophylactic powdered GLN orally in doses of 10g/8h.Patients were treated 2 Gy per fraction daily, 5 days a week. We evaluated the grading of esophagitis daily atthe end of each fraction of each treatment day until a cumulative dose of 50 Gy was reached. The primary endpoint was radiation-induced esophagitis. Results: All patients tolerated GLN well. Toxicity grade, weight loss,serum cytokine levels and esophageal transit times exhibited statistically significant improvement in the GLNreceiving group. GLN suppressed the inflammation related to the disease and treatment and reduced toxicitywith statistical significance. Conclusions: This study suggests a benefical role of oral GLN use in preventionand/or delay of radiation-induced esophagitis, in terms of esophageal transit time and serum immunologicalparameters, as well as weight loss.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
53
58
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30389_08220643e4638a8a56f6229e791e4870.pdf
Comparison of Three Different Induction Regimens for Nasopharyngeal Cancer
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The standard treatment of local advanced nasopharyngeal cancer is chemoradiotherapy. Thereis a lack of data concerning induction therapy. In this study we retrospectively examined patients treated withinduction therapy and chemoradiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancerpatients treated between 1996 and 2013 in our clinic were included in the study. Three different induction regimenswere administered to our patients in different time periods. The regimen dosages were: CF regimen, cisplatin50mg/m2 1-2 days, fluorouracil 500mg/m2 1-5 days; DC, docetaxel 75mg/m2 1 day, cisplatin 75mg/m2 1 day; andDCF, docetaxel 75mg/m2 1 day, cisplatin 75mg/m2 1 day, 5-Fu 750mg/m2 1-5 days. Most of the patients were stageIII (36.4%) and stage IV (51.7%). Results: Median follow-up time was 50 months (2-201 months). Three-yearprogression-free survival (PFS) was 79.3%, and 5-year PFS 72.4% in all patients. Three-year overall survival(OS) was 87.4% and 5-year OS 76% in all patients. In terms of induction therapies, 3-year OS was 96.5% in theDCF group, 86.6% in the DC group and 76.3% in the CF group (p=0.03). Conclusions: There was no significantdifferences in response rate and PFS between the three regimens. OS in the DCF group was significantly higherthan in the other groups. However, this study was retrospective and limited toxicity data were available; thefindings therefore need to be interpreted with care.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
59
63
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30390_1e507453d7d2bd7781b38d8f9b9871a3.pdf
Taxane-Based Regimens as Adjuvant Treatment for Breast Cancer: a Retrospective Study in Egyptian Cancer Patients
text
article
2015
eng
Background: To evaluate the impact of adding taxanes to anthracycline-based regimens in the adjuvant settingin localized young female breast cancer patients on the overall survival (OS) and the disease free survival (DFS).Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included all female breast cancer patients who were candidatesfor adjuvant chemotherapy presenting to Kasr Al Ainy centre of clinical oncology and Cairo oncology centre(Cairo Cure) in the period from January 2005 till December 2010. Results: Our study included 865 patients, 732of whom received anthracycline based regimens and 133 taxane based regimens. The mean age of patients was39 years. After a median follow up of 50 months the median DFS was 48.4 months. Survival analysis indicatedthat the tumor size (>5cm vs. <5cm) p=0.001), nodal involvement (Yes vs. No) p=0.0001) and pathology (invasivelobular vs. ductal) p=0.048) affected DFS. As regards hormonal status, ER, PR and HER 2neu positive patientshad longer DFS (p=0.001, 0.003, 0.106). On multivariate analysis DFS was affected by tumor size and lymph nodeinvolvement (p=0.014, 0.007). Subgroup analysis showed improvement in arms treated with taxanes in terms ofDFS with positive Her2neu, ER and PR, but this was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Adding adjuvanttaxanes to anthracyclines is beneficial for treatment of localized breast cancer among all subgroups, especiallyhigher risk groups .The type of adjuvant chemotherapy regimens and tumor characteristics have direct effectson DFS.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
65
69
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30391_a9b30f9dc62eb598a840f239df2091a3.pdf
Magnesium Sulfate Induced Toxicity in Vitro in AGS Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells and in Vivo in Mouse Gastric Mucosa
text
article
2015
eng
Magnesium sulfate is widely used as a food additive and as an orally administered medication. The aim ofthis study was to evaluate the possible cytotoxicity of magnesium sulfate on AGS human gastric adenocarcinomacells and gastric mucosa in mice. A trypan blue exclusion assay was used to determine the reduction in viabilityof AGS cells exposed to magnesium sulfate, and then effects on cell proliferation were quantified. The role ofmagnesium sulfate-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine production in AGS cells was also investigated. mRNAexpression for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was determined by RT-PCR, and secretion of these cytokines wasmeasured by ELISA. Immunohistochemical evaluation of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression was conducted inmouse gastric mucosa. Addition of 3 to 50 mM magnesium sulfate to AGS cells inhibited both cell proliferationand cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Magnesium sulfate had little effect on production of IL-1β or IL-6but significantly inhibited production of IL-8. The animal model demonstrated that magnesium sulfate inducedproduction of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. These preliminary data suggest that magnesium sulfate had a direct effecton the stomach and initiates cytotoxicity in moderate concentrations and time periods by inhibiting viabilitya nd proliferation of AGS cells and by regulating expression and/or release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
71
76
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30392_7dcd6364ea81adf160bd69c9ede07b52.pdf
Is there any Potential Clinical Impact of Serum Phosphorus and Magnesium in Patients with Lung Cancer at First Diagnosis? A Multi-institutional Study
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The aim of the study was to determine whether the expression of baseline phosphorus (P) andmagnesium (Mg) levels were prognostic in terms of stage and overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively,130 patients were selected at the time of diagnosis oflung cancer (100 with NSCLC and 30 with SCLC), beforethe initialization of any chemo-radiotherapy. The median age was 67 (range 29-92). IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIBand IV stages were present in 3, 4, 19, 6, 25, 8, and 65 patients, respectively. After centrifugation, the levels ofserum P and Mg were measured using the nephelometric method/ photometry and evaluated before any type oftreatment. Results: Higher than normal levels of P were found in 127/130 patients, while only four patients hadelevated Mg serum values. In terms of Spearman test, higher P serum values correlated with either stage (rho=-0.334, p<0.001) or OS (rho=-0.212, p=0.016). Additionally, a significant negative correlation of Mg serum levelswas found with stage of disease (rho=-0.135, P=0.042). On multivariate cox-regression survival analysis, only stage(p<0.01), performance status (p<0.01) and P serum (p=0.045) showed a significant prognostic value. Conclusions:Our study indicated that pre-treatment P serum levels in lung cancer patients are higher than the normal range.Moreover, P and Mg serum levels are predictive of stage of disease. Along with stage and performance status,the P serum levels had also a significant impact on survival. This information may be important for stratifyingpatients to specific treatment protocols or intensifying their therapies. However, larger series are now neededto confirm our results.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
77
81
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30393_2f2778a2c9d479d181a7d76de7928829.pdf
Evaluation of BCL6 and MUM1 Expression in Patients with Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma and their Correlations with Staging and Prognosis in Iran
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma(NHL), accounting for approximately 25% of NHL cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associationbetween the BCL6 and MUM1 gene expression and patient prognosis and stage. Materials and Methods: Afterethical approval, in a cross-sectional study, tissue samples of 80 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma wereanalyzed for BCL6 and MUM1 gene expression. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with division intocategories of 0-5%, 5-25%, 26-50%, 51-75% and more than 75%. Other clinical and histological information suchas lymph node involvement, T-stage, B symptoms and patient outcome were also recorded. Data were analyzedwith SPSS version 16 and a P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The patient mean agewas 46.9±10.5 years (47.6±10.7 and 46.1±9.6 for males and females, respectively). A significant association wasseen between lymphoma stage and BCL6 (p=0.045) but not MUM1 expression (p=0.09). However, the latterwas associated with mortality (p=0.006) as was also the BCL6 level (p=0.006). Conclusions: : Overexpression ofMUM1 and BCL6 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
83
86
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30394_58108ecba2bbffc8451a2f6d237095c4.pdf
Is Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Associated with Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis in Gastric Cancer?
text
article
2015
eng
Alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been studied in various cancers. However, the clinicalvalue of mtDNA copy number (mtCN) alterations in gastric cancer (GC) is poorly understood. In the presentstudy, we investigated whether alterations in mtCNs might be associated with clinicopathological parametersin GC cases. mtCN was measured in 109 patients with GC by quantitative real-time PCR. Then, correlationswith clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. mtCN was elevated in 64.2% of GC tissues comparedwith paired, adjacent, non-cancerous tissue. However, the observed alterations in mtCN were not associatedwith any clinicopathological characteristics, including age, gender, TN stage, Lauren classification, lymphnode metastasis, and depth of invasion. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that mtCN was notsignificantly associated with the survival of GC patients. In this study, we demonstrated that mtCN was not asignificant marker for predicting clinical characteristics or prognosis in GC.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
87
90
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30395_50dc08b5cf0034f16d421635b599764a.pdf
Lipopeptides Extract from Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens Induce Human Oral Squamous Cancer Cell Death
text
article
2015
eng
A lipopeptide extract of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BACY1 (BLE) was found to induce cell death in human oralsquamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, SCC4 and SCC25, in this study. The results of MTT assay showedthat BLE inhibited OSCC cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. BLE was also effective in increasingthe sub-G1 phases. Furthermore, when membrane damage in SCC4 cells treated with BLE was monitored byLDH assay, release of LDH was significantly increased. The protein and mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic Bax, andcaspase-3 were up-regulated by BLE. Taken together, these results suggest that BLE induces apoptosis and theninhibits the cell proliferation of human OSCC cells.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
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1
no.
2015
91
96
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30396_86548d040d098b98b0401c106c739baa.pdf
Role of +405C>G and +936C>T Polymorphisms of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene and Risk of Esophageal Cancer in the Kashmiri Population
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The gene for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promotes angiogenesis andpermeability, is polymorphic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between +936C>Tand +404C>G polymorphism of VEGF with risk of esophageal cancer in the Kashmiri population in India.Materials and Methods: 150 esophageal cancer patients and 150 unrelated healthy controls were genotyped fortwo VGEF SNPs (+405C/G, and +936C/T) using DNA extracted from prospectively collected blood samples bythe PCR-RFLP method. Results: For the VEGF +936C>T polymorphism a significant association of CT andcombined CT+TT genotypes was observed with increased risk of esophageal cancer (p=0.021; 0.024). For the+405C>G polymorphism we observed significantly increased frequency of GG genotype in cases as comparedto controls and also the +405 GG Genotype was observed to have a two fold risk(OR=2.7356; 95%CI=1.1409-6.5593; p=0.020). The combined genotypes of GG-CC and GG-CT of +405C>G and +936C>T were found tobe significantly associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer (p=0.0376; 0.0099). Conclusions: From theresults of the present study a significant association of +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms with increasedesophageal cancer risk exists in the Kashmiri population.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
97
101
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30397_aac5f7175b127bd758be0d9a751df47c.pdf
Hepatoprotective Effects of Curcumin Against Diethyl Nitrosamine Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats
text
article
2015
eng
Curcumin is widely used as a traditional medicine. This work was aimed to investigate its possible protectiveeffect against chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. Fifty male albino rats were dividedinto five groups (n=10, each). The control group received a single dose of normal saline, the diethylnitrosamine(DENA) group received a single intra-peritoneal dose at 200mg/kg body weight, and the 3rd, 4th and 5th groupswere given DENA and daily administrated curcunine (CUR) via intra-gastric intubation in doses of 300,200and 100 mg/kg b.wt. respectively for 20 weeks. Serum, and liver samples were used for determination of alphafeto-protein (AFP), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukine-6 (IL-6), serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and GGT)levels as well the activities and gene expression of glutathione peroxidise (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR),catalase (CAT) and super oxide dismutase (SOD). Curcumin significantly lowered the serum levels of AFP,IL-2 and IL-6, ALT, ALT, and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well gene expression of IL-2 and IL-6. In contrast itincreased the gene expression and activities of Gpx, GRD, CAT and SOD. The protective effect of CUR againstDEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in albino rats was proven.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
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1
no.
2015
103
108
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30398_838d210b7bd6f2830e1edfc561ab2961.pdf
Need to Pay More Attention to Attendance at Follow-Up Consultation after Cancer Screening in Smokers and Drinkers
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Follow-up clinical consultations could improve overall health status as well provide knowledgeand education for cancer prevention. Materials and Methods: This is the cross-sectional study using the KoreanCommunity Health Survey (KCHS) 6th edition for 2012, with 115,083 respondents who underwent cancercheckups selected as subjects. Associations between the presence of consultation and the socioeconomic statuswere determined using statistical methods with the SAS 9·3 statistical package (Cary, NC, USA). Findings: Amongthe recipients, 32,179 (28.0%) received clinical consultations after cancer screenings. Those in rural areas (oddsratio, OR=0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69-0.73) visited follow-up clinics less frequently than did those inurban areas. Starting at the elementary school level, as the education level increased to middle school (OR=1.26,95% CI: 1.19-1.34), high school (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.23-1.36) or college (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.65-1·89), theparticipation rates also increased. When compared with the lowest quartile group, the quartile income levelshowed a statistical trend and difference as follows: second lowest quartile (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.07-1.16), thirdlowest (OR=1·12, 95% CI: 1.07-1.17) and highest quartile income (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.23-1.35). In addition,the people with economic activities (OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.84-0.90) visited follow-up clinics less frequently thandid the others. Current smokers (OR=0·93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98) and inveterate drinkers (OR=0.88, 95% CI:0.85-0.94) had a tendency to visit less often than did non-smokers and other drinkers with all cancers combined.Interpretation: We suggest primary prevention through lifestyle modifications including smoking and drinking,and environmental interventions may offer the most cost-effective approach to reduce the cancer burden.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
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1
no.
2015
109
117
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30399_e5078bea62a8db1c095a4137a73325df.pdf
Association between the DICER rs1057035 Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: Evidence from a Meta-analysis of 1,2675 Individuals
text
article
2015
eng
Background: DICER, one of the microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis proteins, is involved in the maturation ofmiRNAs and is implicated in cancer development and progression. The results from previous epidemiologicalstudies on associations between DICER rs1057035 polymorphism and cancer risk were inconsistent. Thereforeweperformed this meta-analysis to summarize possible associations. Materials and Methods: We searched allrelevant articles on associations between DICER rs1057035 polymorphism and cancer risk from PubMed,EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure until August 2014.Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess any associations. Heterogeneitytests, sensitivity analyses and publication bias assessments were also performed in this meta-analysis. All analyseswere conducted using STATA software. Results: Seven case-control studies, including 4,875 cancer cases and 7,800controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the results indicated that the C allele of DICER rs1057035polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased cancer risk in allelic comparison, heterozygote anddominant genetic models (C vs T: OR=0.88, 95%CI 0.81-0.95, p=0.002; TC vs TT: OR=0.85, 95%CI 0.77-0.93,p=0.001; CC/TC vs TT: OR=0.86, 95%CI 0.78-0.94, p=0.001). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, a significantlydecreased cancer risk was found in Asian but not Caucasian populations. Conclusions: The present meta-analysissuggests that the C allele of the DICER rs1057035 polymorphism probably decreases cancer risk. However, thisassociation may be Asian-specific and the results should be treated with caution. Further well-designed studiesbased on larger sample sizes and group of populations are needed to validate these findings.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
119
124
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30400_fcfafc2bba7de3c1930ecfa821a065fb.pdf
Taxol Produced from Endophytic Fungi Induces Apoptosis in Human Breast, Cervical and Ovarian Cancer Cells
text
article
2015
eng
Currently, taxol is mainly extracted from the bark of yews; however, this method can not meet its increasingdemand on the market because yews grow very slowly and are a rare and endangered species belonging to firstlevelconservation plants. Recently, increasing efforts have been made to develop alternative means of taxolproduction; microbe fermentation would be a very promising method to increase the production scale of taxol.To determine the activities of the taxol extracted from endophytic fungus N. sylviforme HDFS4-26 in inhibitingthe growth and causing the apoptosis of cancer cells, on comparison with the taxol extracted from the bark ofyew, we used cellular morphology, cell counting kit (CCK-8) assay, staining (HO33258/PI and Giemsa), DNAagarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry (FCM) analyses to determine the apoptosis status of breastcancer MCF-7 cells, cervical cancer HeLa cells and ovarian cancer HO8910 cells. Our results showed that thefungal taxol inhibited the growth of MCF-7, HeLa and HO8910 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.IC50 values of fungal taxol for HeLa, MCF-7 and HO8910 cells were 0.1-1.0 μg/ml, 0.001-0.01 μg/ml and 0.01-0.1 μg/ml, respectively. The fungal taxol induced these tumor cells to undergo apoptosis with typical apoptoticcharacteristics, including morphological changes for chromatin condensation, chromatin crescent formation,nucleus fragmentation, apoptotic body formation and G2/M cell cycle arrest. The fungal taxol at the 0.01-1.0 μg/ml had significant effects of inducing apoptosis between 24-48 h, which was the same as that of taxol extractedfrom yews. This study offers important information and a new resource for the production of an importantanticancer drug by endofungus fermentation.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
125
131
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30401_3bbba1414a7398d4863a356c8b869a74.pdf
Cancer Notification at a Referral Hospital of Kermanshah, Western Iran (2006-2009)
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Cancer is a major public health problem and the leading cause of mortality in both males andfemales in developed and developing countries. The incidence of cancer is gender dependent. Among Iranians,it is the third cause of death. Materials and Methods: The information recorded in the files of all patients (7,695individuals) pathologically diagnosed with cancer in Imam Reza referral hospital of Kermanshah University ofMedical Sciences during the four year period of 2006-2009 were reviewed and analyzed using SPSS statisticalsoftware package version 16.0. Results: Around 61.6% of reported cancer cases were males and 38.4% werefemales. The most prevalent reported malignant tumors occurred at the age group of 70-79 years in males andin females these tumors were presented in the ages of 60-69 years. The most prevalent cancers among studiedpatients were gastrointestinal (GI) cancers with a frequency of 22.9% [gastric 10.7%, colorectal 6.9%, andesophageal 6%]. The second, third and forth prevalent cancers were blood at 16.4%, lung 13.5% and bladder12.8%, respectively. In males the cancers of GI (25.6%) were the most prevalent followed in order of frequencyby bladder (18%), blood (17.6%), lung (17.4%) and prostate (6.8%) . In females the most frequent recordedcancer was breast (24.1%) followed in order of frequency by GI (20.5%), blood (14.4%), lung (7.3%), uterus(6.2%) and ovary (5.1%) . Breast cancer was the most prevalent cancer (27%) in the age group of 40-49 years.Conclusions: The present study provides frequency data for various types of cancers in both males and femalesfrom a referral hospital of Kermanshah that are comparable with some reports from other areas of the country.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
133
137
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30402_b83dc721d011780b28206fceb99c641f.pdf
Cross Sectional Survey on Association between Alcohol, Betel-Nut, Cigarette Consumption and Health Promoting Behavior of Industrial Workers in Ghaziabad
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The work force in industries are at risk of developing unduly high rates of health and behaviourrelated problems including abuse of alcohol, betel nut and cigarette (alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption).This study describes the relationships between alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption and health promotingbehaviour among industrial workers. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted on workersin various industries of Ghaziabad city with concerned authority permission. A sample size of 732 workers wascalculated based on pilot study. Through Simple random sampling 732 workers in 20 to 50 years age groupwith informed consent were interviewed through structured, pretested, validated questionnaire in vernacularlanguage by one calibrated investigator. Data on socio demography, alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumptionpattern and health behaviour were collected. The association between health promoting behaviour and alcohol,betel nut and cigarette consumption was analysed by Logistic regression and Chi-square test through SPSS 16at p<0.05 and 95%CI as significant. Results: Total prevalence of alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumptionin study population was 88%. The prevalence of individual alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption were82%, 68% and 79% respectively. Combined alcohol, betel nut and cigarette prevalence in study populationwas 58%. Alcohol and cigarette users were significantly higher (p<0.001) in 30 to 40 years age group with lowerlevel of education having poor attitude towards health promoting behaviour, poor oral hygiene practices andrare indulgence in regular physical exercise. Conclusions: This study stimulate further research on exploringmethods to prevent initiation of health risk behaviour and promote healthy behaviour with cessation help forthe current alcohol, betel nut and cigarette users.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
139
144
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30403_4c4ba187956fe364127d6c65ce31c696.pdf
Meta-synthesis Exploring Barriers to Health Seeking Behaviour among Malaysian Breast Cancer Patients
text
article
2015
eng
Barriers to health seeking constitute a challenging issue in the treatment of breast cancer. The current metasynthesisaimed to explore common barriers to health seeking among Malaysian breast cancer patients. Fromthe systematic search, nine studies were found meeting the inclusion criteria. Data extraction revealed thathealth behavior towards breast cancer among Malaysia women was influenced by knowledge, psychological,sociocultural and medical system factors. In terms of knowledge, most of the Malaysian patients were observedto have cursory information and the reliance on the information provided by media was limiting. Amongpsychological factors, stress and sense of denial were some of the common factors leading to delay in treatmentseeking. Family member’s advice, cultural beliefs towards traditional care were some of the common socioculturalfactors hindering immediate access to advanced medical diagnosis and care. Lastly, the delay in referral was oneof the most common health system-related problems highlighted in most of the studies. In conclusion, there isan immediate need to improve the knowledge and understanding of Malaysian women towards breast cancer.Mass media should liaise with the cancer specialists to disseminate accurate and up-to-date information for thereaders and audience, helping in modification of cultural beliefs that hinder timing health seeking. However,such intervention will not improve or rectify the health system related barriers to treatment seeking. Therefore,there is an immediate need for resource adjustment and training programs among health professional to improvetheir competency and professionalism required to develop an efficient health system.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
145
152
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30404_a0a4b7eb44b998b8d0011bf78aa0044b.pdf
Outcomes of Laparoscopic Abdominoperineal Resection in Low Rectal Cancer Using Different Pelvic Drainages
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The aim of this study was to establish the feasibility and efficiency of different pelvic drainageroutes after laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection (LAPR) for rectal cancer by assessing short-term outcomes.Materials and Methods: Clinicopathological data of 76 patients undergoing LAPR for very low rectal cancerwere reviewed retrospectively between June 2005 and June 2014. Outcomes were evaluated considering shorttermresults. Results: Of 76 relevant patients at our institution in the period of study, trans-perineal drainage ofthe pelvic cavity was performed in 17 cases. Compared with the trans-perineal group, the length of hospital staywas shorter in the trans-abdominal group, while the duration of drainage and the infection rates of the perinealwounds between two groups showed no significant differences. Conclusions: The outcomes of this study suggestthat trans-abdominal drainage of pelvic cavity is a reliable and feasible procedure, the duration of drainage,infection rates and the healing rates of the perineal wounds being acceptable. Trans-abdominal drainage has amore satisfactory effect after laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for rectal carcinoma.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
153
155
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30405_de398dea7655b138aebcd7d26e509dc1.pdf
Gynaecological Cancer Mortality in Serbia, 1991-2010: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis
text
article
2015
eng
This descriptive epidemiological study aimed to analyse the mortality trends from gynaecological cancerin Serbia. Average annual percentage of change (AAPC) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were computed for trend using joinpoint regression analysis. Nearly 25,000 gynaecological cancer deathsoccurred in Serbia during the 1991-2010 period, with the average annual age-standardised mortality rate being17.2 per 100,000 women. Increase of mortality was observed for cancer of the vulva and vagina (AAPC=+1.3%,95% CI=0.1 to 2.6), ovarian cancer (AAPC=+0.8%, 95% CI=0.4-1.3) and for cervical cancer (AAPC=+0.7%,95% CI=0.3 to 1.1). Mortality rates for gynaecological cancer overall declined in women aged 30-39 years, butmortality was increased in middle-aged women (for cervical cancer) and in the elderly (for ovarian cancer).Improvements to and implementation of the national cervical cancer screening programme conducted in 2013a nd expected to be finalised in the following years throughout Serbia should contribute to improvement.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
157
162
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30406_e51fee8aa7a72cfc152c33dab7b117f4.pdf
Incidence of Cancer in Basrah: Results of a Household Survey
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Cancer is a major health problem at global level. It is increasingly registered in Iraq andBasrah but the epidemiological situation, though becoming better documented, is still questionable regardingthe adequacy of data. Objective: The study aimed to measure the incidence of cancer in Basrah. Materialsand Methods: The results presented in this paper are part of a large household survey carried out in Basrahgovernorate-southern Iraq over a 12 month period (January to December 2013). It involved a detailed interviewwith adult respondents from each and every household enrolled in the study during a three-year recall periodabout the incidence of cancer. A total of 6,999 households were covered yielding 40,684 persons. Results: Thetotal number of new cancer cases reported over the three- year recall period (2010-2012) was 112. The averageannual incidence rate of all cancers was 91.8 per 100,000 population with a higher rate for females (109.7)compared to males (74.3) The overall age standardized rate was 150.7 per 100,000. The highest incidence rate wasrecorded for the Southern part of the governorate (Abul-Khasib and Fao ) at 138.8 per 100,000 and the lowestwas for East of Basrah (Shatt-Arab District) at 78.0 per 100,000. With respect to cancer types, the main cancerswere those of breast, lung, larynx-pharynx, leukaemia, colon-rectum and urinary bladder. These six cancersaccounted for 51.5% of all reported cases. Other important cancers were those of brain, bones, pancreas andliver, accounting for a further 17.9%. Conclusions: The pattern of cancer in Basrah is generally similar to thepattern at the national level in terms of age, sex and topography but the incidence rate according to the presenthousehold survey is higher than any previously reported figures. Household surveys for cancer seem feasiblealbeit difficult and costly.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
163
167
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30407_8d8c29b5eb75f6ed408b82fa0a4893c6.pdf
Gallic Acid Enhancement of Gold Nanoparticle Anticancer Activity in Cervical Cancer Cells
text
article
2015
eng
Cervical cancer (CxCa) is the most common cancer in women and a prominent cause of cancer mortalityworldwide. The primary cause of CxCa is human papillomavirus (HPV). Radiation therapy and chemotherapyhave been used as standard treatments, but they have undesirable side effects for patients. It was reported thatgallic acid has antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. Gold nanoparticles are currently being usedin medicine as biosensors and drug delivery agents. This study aimed to develop a drug delivery agent usinggold nanoparticles conjugated with gallic acid. The study was performed in uninfected (C33A) cervical cancercells, cervical cancer cells infected with HPV type 16 (CaSki) or 18 (HeLa), and normal Vero kidney cells. Theresults showed that GA inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. To enhance the efficacyof this anticancer activity, 15-nm spherical gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were used to deliver GA to cancer cells.The GNPs-GA complex had a reduced ability compared to unmodified GA to inhibit the growth of CxCa cells.It was interesting that high-concentration (150 μM) GNPs-GA was not toxic to normal cells, whereas GA alonewas cytotoxic. In conclusion, GNPs-GA could inhibit CxCa cell proliferation less efficiently than GA, but it wasnot cytotoxic to normal cells. Thus, gold nanoparticles have the potential to be used as phytochemical deliveryagents for alternative cancer treatment to reduce the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
169
174
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30408_289b4fe799acd8ded833a3b9089b7b43.pdf
Effects of Rad51 on Survival of A549 Cells
text
article
2015
eng
Rad51, a key factor in the homologous recombination pathway for the DNA double-strand break repair,plays a vital role in genesis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In recent years, more and more studiesindicate that high expression of Rad51 is of great relevance to resistance of NSCLC to chemotherapeutic agentsand ionizing radiation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study,we investigated the role of single Rad51 on cell viability in vitro. Our results show that depletion of endogenousRad51 is sufficient to inhibit the growth of the A549 lung cancer cell line, by accumulating cells in G1 phase andinducing cell death. We conclude that independent Rad51 expression is critical to the survival of A549 cells andcan be an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
175
179
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30409_52d52e21ff0a42c6d6ea585c3c5a66fc.pdf
Descriptive Study on Selected Risk Factors and Histopathology of Breast Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala, India with Special Reference to Women Under 40 Years Old
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in Kerala, South India, with the incidenceincreasing in the past two decades, also in young women. However, there are limited data regarding the burdenof disease, its epidemiology and histopathological characteristics in the state. Materials and Methods: Thisdesciptive study covered 303 breast cancers evaluated during the period of December 2011 to August 2013 in theDepartment of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottayam.The patients were also interviewed regardingselected risk factors. Results: The majority of the cases were 41-60 years of age with a mean at presentation of53 years. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most common subtype, followed by pure mucinous carcinomaand then lobular carcinoma. Of the cases, 6.6% were nullipara and 52.8% had fewer than or equal to 2 children.Median age at first child birth was 23 years (national value-19.8 years). A significant proportion (15%) hadfamily history of breast cancer. Some 13.5%(41 cases) comprised the young breast cancer group (≤40years)with a mean age at first child birth in them was 27.4 years, 5 being nullipara and 6 having a positive familyhistory. Conclusions: Breast cancer awareness, better availability of screening techniques and identification andtargeting high risk groups all help to tackle the increasing load of breast carcinoma. A good proportion of casescomprised the young breast cancer group (under 40). Younger women should thus also be educated about breastcarcinoma-risk factors, symptoms and diagnostic techniques to help in early detection and effective approachesto treatment.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
181
184
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30410_b40a82ad50204fd1c22561fe2d8fc3f7.pdf
Level and Evaluation of Tumor Marker CA-125 in Ovarian Cancer Patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Due to the increase in morbidity and mortality rate, cancer has become an alarming threatto the human population worldwide. Since cancer is a progressive disorder, timely diagnosis is necessary toprevent/stop cancer from progressing to a severe stage. In Khyber Paktunkhwa, Pakistan, many tumors arediagnosed with endoscopy and biopsy; rare studies exist regarding the diagnosis and evaluation of ovariancancer, based on tumor markers like CA-125. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate andevaluate levels of CA-125 in hospitalized ovarian cancer patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, a totalof 63 admitted patients having ovarian cancer by biopsy were included. The level of CA-125 was determinedin the blood of these patients using ELISA technique. Results: Out of 63 patients, the level of CA-125 was highin 52% . The affected individuals were more in the group of 40-60 and the level of CA-125 was comparativelyhigher in patients having moderately differentiated histology than those having well differentiated and poorlydifferentiated tumor histology. Moreover, the highest level of CA-125 was present among the patients havingserous subtype of carcinoma and the common stage of carcinoma was stage II followed by stage III, I and IV.Conclusions: CA-125 level was high in more than 50% of the total patients. Moreover, CA-125 elevation wasmore common in serous subtype and stage II cancer patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
185
189
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30411_f0461308e1dfdc76a8fde77adaf404bf.pdf
Incidence Data for Breast Cancer among Yemeni Female Patients with Palpable Breast Lumps
text
article
2015
eng
Purpose: To estimate the incidence of breast cancer in Yemeni female patients presenting with a breast mass.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out with 595 female patients with palpable breastlumps, attending to Alkuwait university hospital, Sana’a, Yemen. Triple assessment, including breast examination,mammography and biopsy (FNAC, core needle, or excision), for all patients were performed. Results: Theincidences of benign and malignant lesions was calculated. Some 160 (26.9%) of 595 patients had malignancies;213 (35.8%) were fibroadenomas; 12 (2.0%) were fibrocystic change; 143 (24.03%) were inflammatory lesions(including mastitis and ductectasia); 62 (10.4%) were simple cysts, while 5 (0.8%) were phyllodes tumors. Themean age of patients with malignant lumps was 44.3 years. Conclusions: Among Yemeni female patients withpalpable breast lumps, the rate of breast cancer is high, with occurrence at an earlier age than in Westerncountries. Improving breast cancer awareness programs and increasing breast cancer screening centers inbdifferent areas of Yemen are needed to establish early diagnosis and offer early and optimal treatment
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
191
194
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30412_81abfe26a00fd1d079805004230a09a6.pdf
Influence of the MACC1 Gene on Sensitivity to Chemotherapy in Human U251 Glioblastoma Cells
text
article
2015
eng
Background: This study was conducted to determine the influence of MACC1 expression on chemotherapysensitivity in human U251 glioblastoma cells. Materials and Methods: Expression of the MACC1 gene in 49 casesof human brain glioma was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Silencing effects of RNA interference onMACC1 was detected by Western-blotting. Flow cytometry methods and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MTT)were used to determine the apoptosis and growth inhibitory rates of the U251 cells with MACC1 silencing. beforeand after treatment with cisplatin (DDP). Results: MACC1 mRNA in gliomas was up-regulated remarkably, to158.8% of that in peri-cancerous tissues (P<0.05). The siRNA-MACC1 could inhibit the expression of MACC1protein significantly (p<0.05), associated with an increase in apoptosis rate from 2.57% to 5.39% in U251 cellsand elevation of the growth inhibitory rate from 1.5% to 17.8% (p<0.05 for both). After treatment with DDP atvarious concentrations (1, 3, 5μg/ml), compared with control U251 cells, the apoptosis rate of MACC1-silencedU251 cells rose from 8.41%, 13.2% and 19.5% to 12.8%, 17.8% and 25.8%; the growth inhibitory rate increasedfrom 16.2%, 19.3% and 24.5% to 23.7%, 28.4% and 36.3%. Conclusions: There is a notable relationship betweenover-expression of MACC1 and the characteristics of glioma cells. Silencing of MACC1 was found to enhancethe apoptosis and growth inhibitory rates of U251 glioma cells, and thereby increase their sensitivity to DDPchemotherapy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
195
199
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30413_7c1a3b1fe940d8e2cbb604dd6800dca0.pdf
Comparative Assessment of the Diagnostic Value of Transbronchial Lung Biopsy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology in Lung Cancer
text
article
2015
eng
Background: This study was designed to determine the accuracy of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology(BAL) using histopathologic examination of transbronchial biopsy specimens as the gold standard in diagnosisof lung carcinoma at our center. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to investigate atotal of 388 patients who were suspected of having lung cancer and had undergone fiberoptic bronchoscopy inShahid Sadoughi hospital from 2006 to 2011. Lung masses were proven to be malignant by histology. Results:Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) identified malignancy in 183 of the 388 cases, including 48 cases (26.2%)with adenocarcinoma, 4(2.1%) with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 47(25.6%)with squamous cell carcinoma,34(18.5%) with well-diffentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, 35(19.1%) with small cell carcinoma, 14 (7.6%)with non-small cell carcinoma, and 1 (0.54%) with large cell carcinoma. A total of 205 cases were correctlyclassified as negative. BAL was also performed in 388 patients; 86/103 cases were consistent with the finaldiagnosis of lung cancer and 188/285 cases were correctly classified as negative. The sensitivity of BAL was46.9%(CI:41.9%, 51.8%)) and its specificity was 91.6%(CI:88.8%, 94.3%). BAL had a positive predictive value(PPV) of 83.4%(CI:79.7%, 87.1%) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 65.8%(CI:61%, 70.5%). The overallaccuracy of BAL was 70.5% and the exact concordance was 39%. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that BALcytology is not sensitive but is a specific test for diagnosis of lung carcinoma. If transbronchial lung biopsy iscombined with bronchoalveolar lavage, the positive diagnostic rate will be further elevated.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
201
204
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30414_82470996ec150915ea3c89028952f50c.pdf
Epidemiological Trends of Histopathologically WHO Classified CNS Tumors in Developing Countries: Systematic Review
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Many developing countries are lagging behind in reporting epidemiological data for individualcentral nervous system (CNS) tumors. This paper aimed to elicit patterns for the epidemiology of individualWorld Health Organization (WHO) classified CNS tumors in countries registered by WHO as “developing”.Materials and Methods: Cyber search was carried out through 66 cancer networks/registries and 181 PubMedpublished papers that reported counts of CNS tumors for the period of 2009-2012. The relationship betweenthe natural log of incidence Age Standardized Rate (ASR) reported by Globocan and Latitude/ Longitude wasinvestigated. Results: Registries for 21 countries displayed information related to CNS tumors. In contrast tendsfor classified CNS tumor cases were identified for 38 countries via 181 PubMed publications. Extracted datashowed a majority of unclassified reported cases [PubMed (38 countries, 45.7%), registries (21 countries, 96.1%)].For classified tumors, astrocytic tumors were the most frequently reported type [PubMed (38 countries, 1,245cases, 15.7%), registries (21 countries, 627 cases, 1.99%]. A significant linear regression relationship emergedbetween latitudes and reported cases of CNS tumors. Conclusions: Previously unreported trends of frequenciesfor individually classified CNS tumors were elucidated and a possible link of CNS tumors occurrence withgeographical location emerged.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
205
216
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30415_52e70f5ccba377e2dc789437aabac1a8.pdf
Effects of Progressive Relaxation Exercises on Anxiety and Comfort of Turkish Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and by far the most frequent canceramong women. Objective: This study was conducted to observe the effect of progressive relaxation exercises onanxiety and comfort level of breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: A controlgroup pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental model was applied with experimental (30) and control (30) groups,who agreed to participate in this study. Data collection was with the “Personnel Information Form, State-TraitAnxiety Inventory and General Comfort Scale”. Results: The average age of the patients that participated inthe study was 49.1±7.96 years. Eighty-three point three percent (n=25) of the patients in the experiment groupand 86.7 (n=26) percent of patients in control group were married. Patient state of anxiety post-test mean scoreswere 36.2±8.21 in the experimental group and 43.4±7.96 in the control group, the difference being statisticallysignificant (p<0.05). The general comfort scale post-test mean scores were 149.5±13.9 in the experimental groupand 137.7±15.0 in the control group, again statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: Progressive relaxationexercises positively affect patient comfort and anxiety levels in Turkey.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
217
220
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30416_298f0f99a9d472a5672cfad505f03a6e.pdf
Metformin Down-regulates Endometrial Carcinoma Cell Secretion of IGF-1 and Expression of IGF-1R
text
article
2015
eng
As metformin can inhibit endometrial carcinoma (EC) cell growth and the insulin growth factor (IGF)system is active in EC, the question of whether t can regulate endometrial carcinoma cell secretion of IGF-1or expression of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is of interest. In this study, serum IGF-1 levels in EC patients werefound to be comparable with that in the non EC patients (p>0.05). However, the IGF-1 level in the medium ofcultured cells after treatment with metformin was decreased (p<0.05). IGF-1R was highly expressed in humanendometrial carcinoma paraffin sections, but IGF-1R and phosphor-protein kinase B/protein kinase B (p-Akt/Akt) expression was down-regulated after metformin treatment (p<0.05). In summary, metformin can reduce thesecretion of IGF-1 by Ishikawa and JEC EC cell lines and their expression of IGF-1R to deactivate downstreamsignaling involving the PI-3K/Akt pathway to inhibit endometrial carcinoma cell growth.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
221
225
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30417_1d3ba20b1118b034b456f66f134386d0.pdf
Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention among Public Health Midwives on Breast Cancer Early Detection in the District of Gampaha, Sri Lanka
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among Sri Lankan females, accounting for 26% of thecancer incidence in women. Early detection of breast cancer is conducted by public health midwives (PHMs)in the Well Woman Clinics. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of an educationalintervention on improving knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on breast cancer screening among PHMs inthe district of Gampaha. Materials and Methods: Two Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas in Gampaha districtwere selected using random sampling as intervention (IG) and control (CG) groups. All the PHMs in the twoMOH areas participated in the study, with totals of 38 in IG and 47 in CG. They were exposed to an educationalintervention with the objective of using them to subsequently conduct the same among 35-59 year women inthe community. Following the intervention, post-intervention assessments were conducted at one month and sixmonths to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Results: The overall median scores for KAP among PHMsrespectively were as follows. Pre-intervention: IG:58%(IQR: 53- 69%), 90%(IQR: 70-100%) and 62%(IQR:57-70%). CG: 64%(IQR: 56-69%), 90%(IQR: 70-90%) and 62%( IQR: 50-77%). Post-intervention: one month,IG:96%(IQR: 93-96%), 100%(IQR: 100-100%), and 85%(IQR: 81-89%). CG:67%(IQR: 60- 73%), 90%(IQR:80-100%) and 65%(IQR: 50-73%). Post-intervention: six months, IG: 93% (IQR: 91-93%), 100%(IQR: 90-100%), and 81%(IQR: 77-89%). CG: 67%(IQR: 58- 71%), 90%(IQR: 90-100%), and 62%( IQR: 58-73%). Allthe above post-intervention scores of PHMs in the IG were significantly higher in comparison to CG (p<0.001).Conclusions: This planned educational intervention had a significant impact on improving KAP of PHMs forearly detection of breast cancer in the Gampaha district.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
227
232
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30418_447af7eebe37bede0ef55823dc0e9da4.pdf
Overexpression of EGFR Protein in Bruneian Lung Cancer Patients
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Brunei Darussalam, accounting for almost20% of the total. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the erbB family of tyrosine kinasereceptor proteins, which includes c-erbb2(HER2/neu), erb-B3, and erb-B4. EGFR overexpression is found in athird of all epithelial cancers, often associated with a poor prognosis. Materials and Methods: Protein expressionof EGFR in 27 cases of lung cancer tissue samples and 9 cases of normal lung tissue samples was evaluated usingan immunohistochemical approach. Results: The results demonstrated significant increase and overexpressionof EGFR in Bruneian lung cancer tissue samples in comparison to normal lung tissue. However, there was nosignificant relationship between clinicopathologic variables (age and sex) of patients and EGFR protein expression.Conclusions: EGFR is overexpressed in Bruneian lung cancer patient tissue samples in comparison to normallung tissue samples. This may indicate that EGFR protein over expression plays an important role in the genesisof this type of cancer in Brunei Darussalam.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
233
237
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30419_f5b6a00e938299aa6ab27cc402c9f9e0.pdf
Relationship between Exposure to Pesticides and Occurrence of Acute Leukemia in Iran
text
article
2015
eng
Background: One of the causes of acute leukemia can be exposure to certain chemicals such as pesticides.This study determined the relationship between exposure to pesticides and the occurrence of acute leukemiain Fars province, south of Iran. Materials and Methods: Between April 2011 and April 2013 in a case-controlstudy conducted in Nemazee Hospital in Shiraz, Southern Iran; 314 subjects diagnosed with acute leukemia(94 pediatric cases and 220 adults) were enrolled to determine any correlation between exposure to pesticidesand the occurrence. Controls (n=314) were matched by sex and age. Results: There was a history of exposureto pesticides among 85% of pediatric cases and 69% of their controls and 83% of adult cases and 75% of theircontrols while 87.5% of pediatric cases and 90% of adult cases reported exposure to intermediate and high dosesof pesticides and among the controls, the exposure to low doses of pesticides was 70.5% and 65%, respectively.Exposure to indoor pesticides was seen among most of cases and controls. Being a farmer was at a significantlymore increased risk of developing acute leukemia in comparison to other jobs, especially for their children.Conclusions: Exposure to pesticides was shown to be one of the most important causes of acute leukemia. Itseems that there is a need to educate the people on public health importance of exposure to pesticides especiallyduring school time to reduce the risk of malignancies during childhood.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
239
244
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30420_a40ea1342b307d1ca6a93b97e6458b5f.pdf
Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Combined with Interferon-α is Safe and Effective for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Resection
text
article
2015
eng
Objectives: Intrahepatic recurrence is the major cause of death among patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative surgical resection. Several approaches have been reportedto decrease the recurrence rate. The objective of our study was to compare the clinical effects of transcatheterarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with interferon-alpha (IFN-α) therapy on recurrence after hepaticresection in patients with HBV-related HCC with that of TACE chemotherapy alone. Methods: We retrospectivelyanalyzed the data from 228 patients who were diagnosed with HBV-related HCC and underwent curative resectionbetween January 2001 to December 2008. The patients were divided into TACE (n = 126) and TACE-IFN-α (n= 102) groups for postoperative chemotherapy. The TACE regimen consisted of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin(DDP) , and the emulsion mixed with mitomycin C (MMC) and lipiodol. The recurrence rates, disease-freesurvival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and risk of recurrence were evaluated. Results: The clinicopathologicalparameters and adverse effects were similar between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The median OS for the TACEIFN-α group (36.3 months) was significantly longer than that of the TACE group (24.5 months, P < 0.05). The3-and 5-year OS for the TACE-IFN-α group were significantly longer than those of the TACE group (P < 0.05)and the recurrence rate was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The TACE and IFN-α combination therapy, activehepatitis HBV infection, the number of tumor nodules, microvascular invasion, liver cirrhosis, and the BCLCstage were independent predictors of OS and DFS. Conclusions: The use of the TACE and IFN-α combinationchemotherapy after curative hepatic resection safely and effectively improves OS and decreases recurrencein patients with HBV-related HCC who are at high risk. Our findings can serve as a guide for the selection ofpostoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with HBV-related HCC who are at high risk of recurrence.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
245
251
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30421_9a220ce883076fc947eeb1c11f528f83.pdf
HPV-Associated p16 INK4A Expression and Response to Therapyand Survival in Selected Head and Neck Cancers
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Development of squamous cell cancer of head and neck (SCCHN) is associated with humanpapillomavirus (HPV) infection, which in turn is closely related with expression of p16 INK4A. Loss of p16 INK4Aexpression by deletion, mutation, or hypermethylation is common in SCCHN. We here evaluated p16 INK4A as aprognostic marker of treatment response and survival in our SCCHN patients with laryngeal, hypopharyngeal ornasopharyngeal cancers. Materials and Methods: 131 patients diagnosed with SCCHN between January 2,2006and July 17, 2010 were examined for p16 INK4A. The median age was 60 years (15-82 years). Fifty one patients werestage I-II and 80 were stage III-IV. Immunohistochemical expression of p16 INK4A was analyzed in pretreatmentparaffin-embedded tumor blocks. The influence of p16 INK4A status on disease-free survival, and overall survivalafter treatment was evaluated. Results: P16 INK4A positivity was found in 58 patients (44%). Tumor-positivity forp16 INK4A was correlated with improved disease free survival (70.1 months vs 59 months) and improved overallsurvival (2, 3 and 5-year values; 77% vs 72%, 70% vs 63% and, 63% vs 55%; respectively). On multivariateanalysis, stage was determined as independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival. Conclusions: Stagewas the major prognostic factor on treatment response and survival in our patients. P16 INK4A status predictsbetter outcome in laryngeal, hypopharyngeal or nasopharyngeal cancer cases treated with surgery plus adjuvantradiochemotherapy as well as with definitive radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
253
258
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30422_2f74117607762b467a14aa65614d4099.pdf
Disagreement of ICD-10 Codes Between a Local Hospital Information System and a Cancer Registry
text
article
2015
eng
Background: In the field of cancer, the ICD-10 coding convention is based on the site of a neoplasm in the bodyand usually ignores the morphology, thus the same code may be assigned to tumors of different morphologic typesin an organ. Nowadays, all general (provincial) and center hospitals in Thailand are equipped with the hospitalinformation system (HIS) database. Objective: This study aimed to find the characteristics and magnitude ofagreement represented by the positive predictive value (PPV) of provisional cancer diagnoses in the HIS databasein Pattani Hospital in Thailand in comparison with the final cancer diagnosis of the ICD-10 codes generatedfrom a well established cancer registry in Songklanagarind Hospital, the medical school hospital of Prince ofSongkla University. Materials and Methods: Data on cancer patients residing in Pattani province who visitedPattani Hospital from January 2007 to May 2011 were obtained from the HIS database. The ICD-10 codes ofthe HIS computer database of Pattani Hospital were compared against the ICD-10 codes of the same personrecorded in the hospital-based cancer registry of Songklanagarind Hospital. The degree of agreement or positivepredictive value (PPV) was calculated for each sex and for both sexes combined. Results: A total of 313 cases(15.9%) could be matched in the two databases. Some 222 cases, 109 males and 113 females, fulfilled the criteriaof referral from Pattani to Songklanagarind Hospitals. Of 109 male cancer cases, 76 had the same ICD-10 codesin both hospitals, thus, the PPV was 69.7% (95%CI: 60.2-78.2%). Agreement in 76 out of 113 females gave a PPVof 67.3% (95%CI: 57.8-75.8%). The two percentages were found non-significant with Fisher’s exact p-value of0.773. The PPV for combined cases of both sexes was 68.5% (95%CI: 61.9-74.5%). Conclusions: Changes in finaldiagnosis in the referral system are common, thus the summary statistics of a hospital without full investigationfacilities must be used with care, as the statistics are biased towards simple diseases able to be investigated byavailable facilities. A systematic feedback of patient information from a tertiary to a referring hospital shouldbe considered to increase the accuracy of statistics and to improve the comprehensive care of cancer patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
259
263
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30423_8a5009de88d1e6811d8dbe6f24516e13.pdf
Burden of Virus-associated Liver Cancer in the Arab World, 1990-2010
text
article
2015
eng
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is amongst the top three cancer causes of death worldwide with hepatitis Band C viruses (HBV/HCV) as the main etiological agents. An up-to-date descriptive epidemiology of the burdenof HBV/HCV-associated HCC in the Arab world is lacking. We therefore determined the burden of HBV/HCVassociatedHCC deaths in the Arab world using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 dataset. GBD 2010provides, for the first time, deaths specifically attributable to viral-associated HCC. We analyzed the data forthe 22 Arab countries by age, sex and economic status from 1990 to 2010 and compared the findings to globaltrends. Our analysis revealed that in 2010, an estimated 752,101 deaths occurred from HCC worldwide. Of these537,093 (71%) were from HBV/HCV-associated HCC. In the Arab world, 17,638 deaths occurred from HCC ofwhich 13,558 (77%) were HBV/HCV-linked. From 1990 to 2010, the burden of HBV and HCV-associated HCCdeaths in the Arab world increased by 137% and 216% respectively, compared to global increases of 62% and73%. Age-standardized death rates also increased in most of the Arab countries, with the highest rates notedin Mauritania and Egypt. Male gender and low economic status correlated with higher rates. These findingsindicate that the burden of HBV/HCV-associated HCC in the Arab world is rising at a much faster rate thanrest of the world and urgent public health measures are necessary to abate this trend and diminish the impacton already stretched regional healthcare systems.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
265
270
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30424_7e4d1202d33de0ef879d876c643d9a55.pdf
VEGF-C and VEGF-D Expression and its Correlation with Lymph Node Metastasis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer Tissue
text
article
2015
eng
Background: To explore vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D expression andits correlation with lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) tissue. Materials andMethods: Immunohistochemical methods were applied to detect the levels of VEGF-C and VEGF-D expressionin 64 surgicall removal ESCC tissues, tissues adjacent to cancer and normal tissues, and the relationship betweenVEGF-C and VEGF-D expression and lymph node metastasis was analyzed. Results: Both VEGF-C and VEGF-Dwere expressed by varying degrees in esophageal cancer tissue, the tissue adjacent to cancer and normal tissue,and the positive expression rate went down successively. The positive expression rates of VEGF-C (59.4%) andVEGF-D (43.8%) in esophageal cancer tissue were significantly higher than in the tissue adjacent to cancer(34.4%, 15.6%) and normal tissue (20.3%, 12.5%), respectively, in which significant differences were manifested(p<0.01). Positive expression rates of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in esophageal cancers with lymph node metastasiswere markedly higher than without such metastasis (p<0.01), while those in the tissue with TNM staging I~IIwere markedly lower than that with TNM staging III~IV (p<0.01). Conclusions: Both VEGF-C and VEGF-Dare highly expressed in ESCC tissue, which may be related to the lymph node metastasis of cancer cells. Hence,VEGF-C and VEGF-D can be clinically considered as important reference indexes of lymph node metastasis inesophageal cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
271
274
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30425_6175c3fa5886011b6de351231469bf5f.pdf
Predictors of Knowledge Level and Awareness towards Breast Cancer among Turkish Females
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most-common malignancy of women worldwide. Though there aredifferences among developed and developing countries, BC remains the most common cancer type of women inTurkey. Objective: This study aimed to identify the level of knowledge, awareness, and their potential predictorstowards BC in Ankara, Turkey. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted on 376females attending a breast health outpatient clinic. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to evaluateknowledge level about BC and predictors effecting its level. Data analysis was performed using the chi-squaretest. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean age of the participants was 46.2±9.93(22-75). The majority (92.6 %) were married; 41.5% were educated less than nine years. Most of the womenwere housewives (82.7%) and, were living in an urban region (86.4%). Predictors of effecting responses to sevenknowledge and awareness questions about BC varied from demographic features including older age groups,higher educational levels, being married, living in an urban area, being employee, smoking, having greaterBMI to additional attributes associated breast health such as the increased number of births, applying for thepurpose of control, positive family history of breast diseases, any diagnoses of breast diseases and performingBSE practice. Conclusions: It was determined that females in Turkey have better knowledge of BC than otherdeveloping countries even though it is not at the desired level. These findings revealed that females should bemore informed about BC risk factors, prognosis and treatments by primary health-care providers to counteractthe ascending burden of this disease.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
275
282
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30426_0f88a2889860d0176c02aaf576085373.pdf
Is there any Relationship between Food Habits in the Last Two Decades and Gastric Cancer in North-western Iran?
text
article
2015
eng
Purpose: The aims of this case-control study were to assess the correlation between some food habits in thelast two decades and gastric cancer in East Azerbaijan of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this hospital basedcase control study, 616 patients (212 gastric cancer patients, 404 cancer free patients) were recruited. Food habitsof patients over the past two decades were assessed with a structured questionnaire. We used conditional logisticregression analysis for estimating crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidenceintervals (95%CI). Results: In this study, over-eating, consumption of high fat milk and yogurt and especialtypes of cheese increased the risk of gastric cancer (All<0.05). Consumption of such especial cheeses such asKoze and Khiki increased the risk of gastric cancer by 12.6 fold (95% CI:1.99-79.36) and 7.36 fold (95% CI:1.33-40.54), respectively. In addition, high fat food, moldy food, and pickled vegetables consumption as well as reuseof cooking oil for frying were significantly associated with gastric cancer risk. Furthermore, intake of Ghorme(deep fried meat) was positively correlated with gastric cancer risk (OR:1.31;95%CI: 0.91-1.87). Conclusions:It can be confirmed that particular food habits which have been very common in East-Azerbaijan in the last twopast decades increase risk of gastric cancer. According to our results and taking into account the long latencyperiod of gastric cancer it can be concluded that nutrition education for a healthy diet should be performedfrom early childhood. However, further well designed cohort studies are needed to achieve more clear results.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
283
290
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30427_d45423cc5ac0d07914acd7ca6cf24a41.pdf
Association of miR-1266 with Recurrence/Metastasis Potential in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Patients
text
article
2015
eng
The Homeobox B13 (HOXB13):Interleukin 17 Receptor B (IL17BR) index of estrogen receptor (ER)-positivebreast cancer (ER (+) BC) patients may be a potential biomarker of recurrence/ metastasis. However, effects ofmicroRNA (miRNA) binding to the 3’ untranslated region (3´UTR) of HOXB13 and IL17BR and its function onrecurrence/metastasis in ER (+) BC remains elusive. The aims of this study were to determine the expressionof miRNAs that bind to 3´UTR of HOXB13 and IL17BR in ER (+) BC patients and asess the effects of thesemiRNAs on recurrence/metastasis. The expression profiles of HOXB13 and IL17BR were evaluated using RTPCRin tumors and normal tissue samples from 40 ER (+) BC patients. The expression level of 4 miRNAs, whichwere predicted to bind the 3´UTR of HOXB13 and IL17BR using TargetScan, microRNA.org and miRDB onlinedatabases, were further evaluated with RT-PCR. Our findings demonstrated that high miR-1266 levels might besignificant prognostic factor for recurrence/metastasis occurrence (3.05 fold p=0.004) and tamoxifen response(3.90 fold; p=0.2514) in ER (+) BC cases. Although we suggest that modulation of miR-1266 expression may bean important mechanism underlying the chemoresistance of ER (+) BC, advanced studies and validation arerequired.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
291
297
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30428_7afde73d61db03319652a492d5b7dee2.pdf
Clinical Study on Safety and Efficacy of JiSaiXin (Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Injection Manufactured in China) for Chinese Undergoing Chemotherapy
text
article
2015
eng
Objectives: To assess safety and efficacy of JiSaiXin (Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony StimulatingFactor Injection manufactured in China, G-CSF) 150ug per day for three days and whether this regimen couldreduce the incidence of febrile neutropenia caused by chemotherapy. Method: From July 2014 to December2014 patients treated by chemotherapy in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups: Group A withprophylactic use of G-CSF (JiSaiXin) 24 hours after chemotherapy for consecutive 3 days; and Group B withG-CSF (JiSaiXin) after neutropenia. Routine blood tests were performed 7 days and 14 days after chemotherapy.Results: A total of 100 patients fulfilled study criteria, and the incidence of severe neutropenia (grade III/IV)and the incidence of febrile neutropenia in Group A were lower than those in Group B. Nine patients were foundsevere neutropenia (grade III/IV) in Group B, but one in Group A, three febrile neutropenia in Group B, but 0 inGroup A. Conclusions: This study suggested that prophylactic use of G-CSF (JiSaiXin) 150ug per day 24 hoursafter chemotherapy for consecutive 3 days is safe and could be effective for preventing febrile neutropenia inpatients with chemotherapy.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
299
301
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30429_53bc98d2e319865b99b02f9e1308899c.pdf
Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Using the Gail Model: a Turkish Study
text
article
2015
eng
Purpose: This study was conducted to determine risk of developing of breast cancer among Turkish women.Materials and Methods: Using a descriptive and cross-sectional approach, data were collected from 231 women.Breast cancer risk was calculated using the National Cancer Institute’s on-line verson of called as the BreastCancer Risk Assessment Tool or the Gail Risk Assesment Tool. Results: The average age of women was 45.0±8.06years. It was revealed that 6.1% of participants reported having first degree relatives who had had breast cancer,with only four women having more than one first-degree relative affected (1.7%). The mean five-year breastcancer risk for all women was 0.88±0.91%, and 7.4% of women had a five-year breast cancer risk >1.66% inthis study. Mean lifetime breast cancer risk up to age 90 years was 9.3±5.2%. Conclusions: The breast cancerrisk assessment tool can help in the clinical management of patient seeking advice concerning screening andprevention. Healthcare providers in Turkey can use this approach to estimate an individual’s probability ofdeveloping breast cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
303
306
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30430_8981c74e54e040b5f0b39a081760d0f4.pdf
Significance of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 Expression in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma in Relation to Proinflammatory Cytokines and Tumor Histopathological Grading
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Bladder cancer is among the five most common malignancies worldwide. Altered expression ofsuppressor of cytokine signaling -3 (SOCS-3) has been implicated in various types of human cancers; however, itsrole in bladder cancer is not well established. Aim: The present study was undertaken to investigate the mRNAexpression of SOCS-3 in normal and cancerous bladder tissue and to explore its correlation with urinary levelsof some proinflammatory cytokines, cytokeratin-18 (CK -18) and with tumor histopathological grading, in orderto evaluate their role as potential diagnostic markers. Materials and Methods: SOCS3 mRNA expression levelswere evaluated using quantitative real time PCR. Urinary levels of interleukins 6 and 8 were estimated by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytokeratin-18 expression was analyzed by immuunohistochemistry thenvalidated by ELISA. Results: SOC3 m RNA expression levels were significantly lower in high grade urothelialcarcinoma (0.36±0.12) compared to low grade carcinoma (1.22±0.38) and controls (4.08±0.88), (p<0.001). However,in high grade urothelial carcinoma the urinary levels of IL-6, IL-8, total CK-18(221.33±22.84 pg/ml, 325.2±53.6 pg/ml, 466.7±57.40 U/L respectively) were significantly higher than their levels in low grade carcinoma (58.6±18.6 pg/ml, 58.3±50.2 pg/ml, 185.5±60.3 U/L respectively) and controls (50.9±23.0 pg/ml, 7.12±2.74 pg/ml, 106.7±47.3U/Lrespectively), (p<0.001). Conclusions: Advanced grade of urothelial bladder carcinoma is significantly associatedwith lowered mRNA expression of SOC3 as well as elevated urinary levels of proinflammatory cytokines andCK-18. Furthermore, our results suggested that urinary IL-8, IL-6 and CK-18 may benefit as noninvasivebiomarkers for early detection as well as histopathological subtyping of urothelial carcinoma.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
307
314
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30431_abd418b829fcaa6fbeef957e6cbc3f99.pdf
Patients with Spontaneously Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma Benefit from Staged Surgical Resection after Successful Transarterial Embolization
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Surgical resection of spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after successfultransarterial embolization (TAE) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate its efficacyin a series of cases. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively examined ruptured HCC cases from Jan 2000to Dec 2008; all of these 126 cases received TAE as the initial therapy. Subsequently, 74 cases received stagedsurgical resection, and the remaining 52 cases underwent repeated TACE. The baseline demographic data, tumorcharacteristics, and long term survival were recorded and compared. Results: The demographic and baselinecharacteristics were comparable between the hepatic resection and TACE groups; furthermore, no significantdifference in the tumor characteristics was detected between the two groups. The differences in in-hospital, 30-day and 90-day mortality between the two groups were not significant (P>0.05). However, the 1-, 3-, and 5-yearoverall survival rates were 85.1%, 63.5%, and 37.8%, respectively, in the hepatic resection group, which weresignificantly higher than those in the TACE group (69.2%, 46.2%, and 17.3%, respectively, P=0.004). Univariateand multivariate analyses indicated that these patients benefitted from hepatic resection compared with TACEwith respect to long-term outcomes. Conclusions: Staged hepatic resection after TAE is an effective treatmentthat results in superior long-term survival to repeated TACE.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
315
319
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30432_9c1c6bec2031fd1726dede1ec8b69030.pdf
Comparison of Metabolic and Anatomic Response to Chemotherapy Based on PERCIST and RECIST in Patients with Advanced Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic role of metabolic response to chemotherapy,determined by FDG-PET, in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods:Thirty patients with metastatic NSCLC were analyzed for prognostic factors related to overall survival (OS) andprogression free survival (PFS). Disease evaluation was conducted with FDG-PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CTprior to and at the end of first-line chemotherapy. Response evaluation of 19 of 30 patients was also performedafter 2-3 cycles of chemotherapy. Morphological and metabolic responses were assessed according to RECISTand PERCIST, respectively. Results: The median OS and PFS were 11 months and 6.2 months, respectively. Atthe end of first-line chemotherapy, 10 patients achieved metabolic and anatomic responses. Of the 19 patientswho had an interim response analysis after 2-3 cycles of chemotherapy, 3 achieved an anatomic response, while9 achieved a metabolic response. In univariate analyses, favorable prognostic factors for OS were number ofcycles of first-line chemotherapy, and achieving a response to chemotherapy at completion of therapy accordingto the PERCIST and RECIST. The OS of patients with a metabolic response after 2-3 cycles of chemotherapywas also significantly extended. Anatomic response at interim analysis did not predict OS, probably due to fewpatients with anatomic response. In multivariate analyses, metabolic response after completion of therapy wasan independent prognostic factor for OS. Conclusions: Metabolic response is at least as effective as anatomicresponse in predicting survival. Metabolic response may be an earlier predictive factor for treatment responseand OS in NSCLC patients.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
321
326
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30433_e45cd07480fec5513f4308d336b1001d.pdf
Prognostic Significance of p53 in Gastric Cancer: a Meta-Analysis
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Gastric cancer is one of the frequently seen cancers in the world and it is the second most commonreason for death due to cancer. The prognostic role of expression of p53 detected by immunohistochemistry ingastric cancer remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to explore any association between overexpressionand survival outcomes. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched for studies investigating therelationships between expression of p53 detected by immunohistochemistry and prognosis of gastric cancerpatients. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. After careful review, survival datawere extracted from eligible studies. A meta-analysis was performed to generate combined hazard ratios foroverall survival and disease-free survival. Results: A total of 4.330 patients from 21 studies were included inthe analysis. Our results showed tissue p53 overexpression in patients with gastric cancer to be associated withpoor prognosis in terms of overall survival (HR, 1.610; 95% CI, 1.394 -5.235; p:<0.001). Pooled hazard ratiofor disease free survival showed that p53 positivity or negativity were not statitistically significant (HR, 1.219;95%CI, 0.782-1.899; p:0.382). Conclusions: The present meta-analysis indicated overexpression of p53 detectedby immunohistochemistry to be associated with a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
327
332
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30434_9dff0fb17f95866e88d29586482b3abd.pdf
Attitude and Practices Among Dentists and Senior Dental Students in Iran Toward Tobacco Cessation as an Effort to Prevent Oral Cancer
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Oral health professionals are responsible in Iran for providing a brief tobacco cessation programto smoker patients. The aim of this study was to assess Iranian dental student and dentist practice, knowledgeand attitudes toward smoking cessation programs. Materials and Methods: A valid and reliable self-administeredquestionnaire was designed and distributed to 150 dentists working in Isfahan-Iran and 60 dental students.Some questions were developed based on the expected 5A tobacco cessation protocol. Statements on attitudesfocused on professional responsibility towards smoking cessation and its effectiveness. Chi-square, ANOVA,and t test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The cessation program in dental settings covers a smallgroup of patients (18%). Some 69.1% (n=96) of dentists reported asking their patients about tobacco use, 64%(n=83) advising their patients to quit, 33.8% (n=47) assessing their patients willingness to quit and 20% (n=28)reported helping their patients in changing their behavior. A far lower percentage reported active involvementin arranging assistance for smokers to quit (4.3%, n=5). Some 22% of students and 26% of dentists disagreedthat the tobacco cessation programs should be as part of dentists’ professional responsibility and 70% of themwere willing to follow the protocol of tobacco cessation for patients. Conclusions: Iranian dentist performanceregarding tobacco cessation is weak. Dentists and students indicated their lack of knowledge as the majorreason for non-adherence to the protocol. Therefore, planning to encourage dentist to follow the protocol needscontinuous educational programs.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
333
338
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30435_73a091012ad0ea3099683cf21145fda6.pdf
Lack of Association between Hsa-Mir-499 rs3746444 Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: Meta-analysis Findings
text
article
2015
eng
Epidemiologic findings concerning the association between the hsa-mir-499 rs3746444 A>G polymorphismand cancer risk have yielded mixed results. We aimed to investigate the association by performing a meta-analysisof all available studies. We searched PubMed and EMBASE for studies published up to November 2014, usingodds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of any association. The Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) method was used to correct the p values for multiple comparisons. We included 39 studies,including 14,136 cases and 16,937 controls. The results of overall meta-analysis suggested a borderline associationbetween hsa-mir-499 rs3746444 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility (AG+GG vs. AA: OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.04-1.26, corrected p value=0.04). After removing studies not conforming to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium(HWE), however, this association disappeared (AG+GG vs AA: OR=1.18, 95% CI=1.03-1.34, corrected pvalue=0.21). When stratified analysis by ethnicity, cancer type or HWE in controls, although some associationsbetween hsa-mir-499 rs3746444 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility were detected, these associations nolonger existed after adjustment using BH method. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that hsa-mir-499rs3746444 A>G polymorphism is not associated with risk of cancer based on current evidence.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
339
344
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30436_7da5a5bffc5aafe05e6a319e64e6f017.pdf
Comparative Evaluation of the Risk of Malignancy Index Scoring Systems (1-4) Used in Differential Diagnosis of Adnexal Masses
text
article
2015
eng
Background: To determine the cut-off values of the preoperative risk of malignancy index (RMI) used indifferentiating benign or malignant adnexal masses and to determine their significance in differential diagnosisby comparison of different systems. Materials and Methods: 191 operated women were assessed retrospectively.RMI of 1, 2, 3 and 4; cut-off values for an effective benign or malignant differentiation together with sensitivity,specificity, negative and positive predictive values were calculated. Results: Cut-off value for RMI 1 was foundto be 250; there was significant (p<0.001) compatibility at this level with sensitivity of 60%, positive predictivevalue (PPV) of 75%, specificity of 93%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 88% and an overall compliance rateof 85%. When RMI 2 and 3 was obtained with a cut-off value of 200, there was significant (p<0.001) compatibilityat this level for RMI 2 with sensitivity of 67%, PPV of 67%, specificity of 89%, NPV of 89%, histopathologiccorrelation of 84% while RMI 3 had significant (p<0.001) compatibility at the same level with sensitivity of63%, PPV of 69%, specificity of 91%, NPV of 88% and a histopathologic correlation of 84%. Significant(p<0.001) compatibility for RMI 4 with a sensitivity of 67%, PPV of 73%, specificity of 92%, NPV of 89% anda histopathologic correlation of 86% was obtained at the cut-off level 400. Conclusions: RMI have a significantpredictability in differentiating benign and malignant adnexal masses, thus can effectively be used in clinicalpractice.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
345
349
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30437_c01d82e18e7f2b963b7bff2a0f9869c6.pdf
Neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio Findings and Larynx Carcinoma: a Preliminary Study in Turkey
text
article
2015
eng
Background: To identify the potential prognostic role of the neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio in larynxcarcinoma. Materials and Methods: Oncologic archive charts of patients with a larynx carcinoma diagnosisbetween the years 2010 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The inclusion criterion was to be availablewith hemogram test prior to diagnostic procedure. Patients undergoing septorinoplasty comprised the controlgroup. Results: There were 65 cases in the study and 42 cases in control group meeting inclusion criteria. Ingeneral a non-significant increase in N/L ratio was observed with increasing tumor size and stage (p>0.05) inlarynx carcinoma. The N/L ratio was found to be significantly higher in larynx carcinoma compared to controlgroup (p=0.004). Conclusions: In conclusion, the N/L ratio was shown to be significantly increased in larynxcarcinomas compared to control group. Further studies are needed to assess any prognostic role.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
351
354
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30438_45cef77685b522d8fac4fc33357485b6.pdf
Distributions of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 Null Genotypes Worldwide are Characterized by Latitudinal Clines
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Deletion types of genetic variants of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1, the GSTM1 nulland GSTT1 null which are risk factors for certain cancers, have been ubiquitously found in human populationsbut their worldwide distribution pattern is unclear. Materials and Methods: To perform a meta-analysis, asystematic search for the literature on GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes was done to identify 63 reports for 81human populations. Relationships between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype frequencies and the absolutelatitude of 81 populations were tested by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: A significant positivecorrelation was detected between the GSTM1 null genotype frequency and the absolute latitude (r=0.28, p-value<0.05), whereas the GSTT1 null genotype frequency and absolute latitude showed a significant negative correlation(r= -0.41 p-value <0.01). There was no correlation between the frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypein each population (r= -0.029, p-value=0.80). Conclusions: Latitudinal clines of the distribution of the GSTM1and GSTT1 null genotypes may be attributed to the result of gene-environmental adaptation. No functionalcompensation between GSTM1 and GSTT1 was suggested by the lack of correlation between the null frequenciesfor GSTM1 and GSTT1.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
355
361
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30439_0b022049b23d0c6518f1cfcfd2a8b5ff.pdf
Kidney Cancer in Lebanon: a Specific Histological Distribution?
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Kidney cancer is the third most frequent urologic cancer in Lebanon after prostate and bladdercancer, accounting for 1.5% of all diagnosed cancers. In this paper, we report the histologic characteristicsand distribution of kidney cancer, never described in Lebanon or the Middle East. Materials and Methods:Pathology results of operated kidney cancer were collected during a two year period (2010-2011) from twodifferent Lebanese hospitals (Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital and Saint Joseph Hospital). A total of124 reports were reviewed and analyzed according to WHO classification of 2009. Results: The 124 patientsdiagnosed with kidney cancer had a median age of 62.4 [18-86], 75% being men and 25% women. Some 71 %of the lesions were renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 25.8% had a urothelial histology, 1.6% were lymphomas and1.6% were metastases to the kidney. Patients having RCC had a median age of 60.3 [18-85], 77.3% were menand 22.7% women. Of the RCCs, 59.1% were clear cell carcinoma, 22.7% papillary, 11.4% chromophobic, 3.4%rom the collecting ducts of Bellini and 3.4% were not otherwise classified. Conclusions: Histological distributionof Lebanese kidney cancer seems unusual when compared to the literature. The percentage of urothelial renalpelvis tumors is strikingly high. Moreover, clear cell carcinoma accounts for only 59.1% of RCCS in contrastto the 75% described elsewhere, while papillary carcinoma represents more than 22.7% compared to 10%.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
363
365
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30440_d7f30a65f8372f25835c38c71c05ab99.pdf
Adipo-R1 and Adipo-R2 Expression in Colorectal Adenomas and Carcinomas
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Human adiponectin (ApN), a 30 kDa glycoprotein of 244-amino acids which is predominantlyproduced by adipocytes, exerts its effects via two receptors, namely adiponectin receptor-1 (adipo-R1) andadiponectin receptor-2 (adipo-R2) with differential binding affinity to globular adiponectin. Adiponectin receptorexpression has been studied in several cancer tissues. However, there are no studies of colorectal adenomas whichare considered to be precursors for colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Objectives: In the present study, the expression ofadipo-R1 and adipo-R2 was investigated immunohistochemically in colorectal adenomas and colorectal carcinomatissues in an attempt to determine associations with these tumors. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 50CRC patients with tumor resection and 82 patients who were diagnosed with adenomatous polyps, classified asnegative for neoplasia, low-grade dysplasia (L-GD) or high- grade dysplasia (H-GD). Results: Expression of bothadipo-R1 and adipo-R2 was found to be significantly lower in the CRCs than in colorectal adenomas (tubular andtubulovillous, p=0.009 and p<0.001, respectively). Adipo-R1 and adipo-R2 expression was also significantly lowerin the CRC group when compared with the groups of patients with low grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasiaor no neoplasia (p=0.012 and p<0.001, respectively). In addition, it was observed that adipo-R2 expression wasgenerally positive in the non-neoplastic group irrespective of the adipo-R2 expression. In the L-GD, H-GD andCRC groups, the adipo-R2 result was positive whenever adipo-R1 result was positive but some patients withnegative adipo-R1 had positive adipo-R2 (p<0.001, p=0.004, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: This studyindicated that ApN may play a role in the progression of colorectal adenomatous polyps to carcinoma throughactions on adipo-R1 and adipo-R2 receptors.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
367
372
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30441_b7f4ca48c5caff363d2effab74242dbf.pdf
Expression Profile and Potential Roles of EVA1A in Normal and Neoplastic Pancreatic Tissues
text
article
2015
eng
Background: EVA1A (eva-1 homolog A) is a novel gene that regulates programmed cell death throughautophagy and apoptosis. Our objective was to investigate the expression profiles and potential role of EVA1Ain normal and neoplastic human pancreatic tissues. Materials and Methods: The expression pattern of EVA1Ain normal pancreatic tissue was examined by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Proteinlevels in paraffin-embedded specimens from normal and diseased pancreatic and matched non-tumor tissueswere evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: EVA1A colocalized with glucagon but not with insulin,demonstrating production in islet alpha cells. Itwas strongly expressed in chronic pancreatitis, moderately orweakly expressed in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm in pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma, and absent innormal pancreatic acinar cells. Although the tissue architecture was deformed, EVA1A was absent in the alphacells of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, mucinous cystadenomas,solid papillary tumors and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Conclusions: EVA1A protein is specificallyexpressed in islet alpha cells, suggesting it may play an important role in regulating alpha-cell function. Theectopic expression of EVA1A in pancreatic neoplasms may contribute to their pathogenesis and warrants furtherinvestigation.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
373
376
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30442_1114fa83a95470454ad4d1b7c0bba0bf.pdf
Presentation Delay in Breast Cancer Patients, Identifying the Barriers in North Pakistan
text
article
2015
eng
Background: There is strong evidence that delayed diagnosis of breast cancer is associated with poor survival.Our objectives were to determine the frequency of breast cancer patients with delayed presentation, the reasonsof delay and its association with different socio-demographic variables in our North Pakistan setting. Materialsand Methods: We interviewed 315 histologically confirmed breast cancer patients. Delay was defined as morethan 3 months from appearance of symptoms to consultation with a doctor. Questions were asked from eachpatient which could reflect their understanding about the disease and which could be the likely reasons for theirdelayed presentation. Results: 39.0 % (n=123) of patients presented late and out of those, 40.7% wasted timeusing alternative medicines; 25.2 % did not having enough resources; 17.1 % presented late due to painlesslump; 10.6% felt shyness and 6.5% presented late due to other reasons. Higher age, negative family history, <8 school years of education and low to middle socio-economic status were significantly associated with delayedpresentation (p< 0.05). Education and socioeconomic status were two independent variables related to the delayedpresentation after adjustment for others (OR of 2.26, 2.29 and 95%CI was 1.25-4.10, 1.06-4.94 respectively).Conclusions: Significant numbers of women with breast cancer in North Pakistan experience presentation delaydue to their misconceptions about the disease. Coordinated efforts with public health departments are needed toeducate the focused groups and removing the barriers identified in the study. Long term impact will be reducedoverall burden of the disease in the region.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
377
380
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30443_e91396a9b0a31db5f60e488f4da77371.pdf
Application of Data Mining Techniques to Explore Predictors of HCC in Egyptian Patients with HCV-related Chronic Liver Disease
text
article
2015
eng
Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common malignancy in Egypt. Data miningis a method of predictive analysis which can explore tremendous volumes of information to discover hiddenpatterns and relationships. Our aim here was to develop a non-invasive algorithm for prediction of HCC. Suchan algorithm should be economical, reliable, easy to apply and acceptable by domain experts. Methods: Thiscross-sectional study enrolled 315 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) related chronic liver disease (CLD); 135HCC, 116 cirrhotic patients without HCC and 64 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Using data mining analysis,we constructed a decision tree learning algorithm to predict HCC. Results: The decision tree algorithm was ableto predict HCC with recall (sensitivity) of 83.5% and precession (specificity) of 83.3% using only routine data.The correctly classified instances were 259 (82.2%), and the incorrectly classified instances were 56 (17.8%).Out of 29 attributes, serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), with an optimal cutoff value of ≥50.3 ng/ml was selectedas the best predictor of HCC. To a lesser extent, male sex, presence of cirrhosis, AST>64U/L, and ascites werevariables associated with HCC. Conclusion: Data mining analysis allows discovery of hidden patterns and enablesthe development of models to predict HCC, utilizing routine data as an alternative to CT and liver biopsy. Thisstudy has highlighted a new cutoff for AFP (≥50.3 ng/ml). Presence of a score of >2 risk variables (out of 5) cansuccessfully predict HCC with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 82%.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
381
385
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30444_24d454e7a7c8aa4157ee195e69592203.pdf
Significance of Hormone Receptor Status in Comparison of 18F -FDG-PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP Bone Scintigraphy for Evaluating Bone Metastases in Patients with Breast Cancer: Single Center Experience
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Fluorine-18 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) and bone scintigraphy (BS) are widely used for the detection of bone involvement. The optimal imagingmodality for the detection of bone metastases in hormone receptor positive (+) and negative (-) groups of breastcancer remains ambiguous. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two patients with breast cancer, who had undergoneboth 18F-FDG-PET/CT and BS, being eventually diagnosed as having bone metastases, were enrolled in thisstudy. Results: 18F-FDG-PET/CT had higher sensitivity and specificity than BS. Our data showed that 18F-FDGPET/CT had a sensitivity of 93.4% and a specificity of 99.4%, whiel for BS they were 84.5%, and 89.6% in thediagnosis of bone metastases. κ statistics were calculated for 18F-FDGPET/CT and BS. The κ-value was 0.65between 18F-FDG-PET/CT and BS in all patients. On the other hand, the κ-values were 0.70 in the hormonereceptor (+) group, and 0.51 in hormone receptor (-) group. The κ-values suggested excellent agreement betweenall patient and hormone receptor (+) groups, while the κ-values suggested good agreement in the hormonereceptor (-) group. Conclusions: The sensitivity and specificity for 18F-FDG-PET/CT were higher than BS inthe screening of metastatic bone lesions in all patients. Similarly 18F-FDG-PET/CT had higher sensitivity andspecificity in hormone receptor (+) and (-) groups.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
387
391
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30445_e480d80a112665f94c73dbb874910aa6.pdf
Overall Survival in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Patients with and without Internal Tandem Duplication
text
article
2015
eng
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
1513-7368
16
v.
1
no.
2015
393
393
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30446_bc93387bba6e7a5596534d9eb738440b.pdf