In Vietnam, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) took effect in March2005 while MPOWER has been implemented since 2008. This paper describes the progress and challenges ofimplementation of the MPOWER package in Vietnam. We can report that, in term of monitoring, Vietnam is veryactive in the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, completing two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey(GATS) and three rounds of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). To protect people from tobacco smoke,Vietnam has issued and enforced a law requiring comprehensive smoking bans at workplaces and public placessince 2013. Tobacco advertising and promotion are also prohibited with the exception of points of sale displaysof tobacco products. Violations come in the form of promotion girls, corporate social responsibility activitiesfrom tobacco manufacturers and packages displayed by retail vendors. Vietnam is one of the 77 countries thatrequire pictorial health warnings to be printed on cigarette packages to warn about the danger of tobacco andthe warnings have been implemented effectively. Cigarette tax is 70% of factory price which is equal to less than45% of retail price and much lower than the recommendation of WHO. However, Vietnam is one of the veryfew countries that require manufacturers and importers to make “compulsory contributions” at 1-2% of thefactory price of cigarettes sold in Vietnam for the establishment of a Tobacco Control Fund (TCF). The TCF isbeing operated well. In 2015, 67 units of 63 provinces/cities, 22 ministries and political-social organizations and 6hospitals received funding from TCF to implement a wide range of tobacco control activities. Cessation serviceshave been starting with a a toll-free quit-line but need to be further strengthened. In conclusion, Vietnam hasconstantly put efforts into the tobacco control field with high commitment from the government, scientists andactivists. Though several remarkable achievements have been gained, many challenges remain. To overcomethose challenges, implementation strategies that take into account the contextual factors and social determinantsof tobacco use in Vietnam are needed.