@article { author = {Shoraka, Hamid Reza and Abobakri, Omid and Naghibzade Tahami, Ahmad and Mollaei, Hamid Reza and Bagherinajad, Zohre and Malekpour Afshar, Reza and Shahesmaeili, Armita}, title = {Prevalence of JC and BK viruses in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1499-1509}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1499}, abstract = {Introduction: Polyomaviruses including BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) are widespread in human and have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in some studies. The aim of present systematic review and meta-analysis article is to calculate the pooled prevalence of BKV and JCV in patients with CRC and assessing their association with this malignancy. Materials and Methods: Domestic databases and Sciences Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Sciences and Scopus were searched for relevant articles up to 2nd  June 2019Two independent reviewers extracted the related data from eligible articles. The pooled prevalence and pooled odds ratio (POR) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using “metaprop” and “metan” commands in Stata 14. Where I2 statistics were >50%, the random effect model was used. Results: From 1461 relevant studies, 24 articles were eligible and included in the qualitative while 19 articles included in quantitative analysis. The pooled prevalence based on diagnostic methods varies from 29% using immunohistochemistry to 52% using nested-PCR method. The likelihood of being infected with JCV  was significantly higher in CRC patients compared to healthy (POR: 4.41, 95% CI: 2.13 – 9.13) controls, normal adjacent mucosa (POR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.3-5.9) and colorectal adenoma (POR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.5-6.5) but was not significant when non-CRC patients used as control group. Conclusion: The prevalence of JCV in colorectal patients was substantially variable by different methods and targets. The significant association between JCV and CRC that was observed in the present study is not indicative of causation and should be studied more in large-scale prospective designs.}, keywords = {Colorectal Neoplasms,JC Virus,BK Virus,Systematic review,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89115.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89115_8a266f093ab802fdc59856e0cd0006ce.pdf} } @article { author = {Jafrin, Sarah and Aziz, Md Abdul and Anonna, Shamima Nasrin and Akter, Tahmina and Naznin, Nura Ershad and Reza, Sharif and Islam, Mohammad Safiqul}, title = {Association of TP53 Codon 72 Arg>Pro Polymorphism with Breast and Lung Cancer Risk in the South Asian Population: A Meta-Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1511-1519}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1511}, abstract = {Background: A transversion missense polymorphism of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene at the codon 72 codes proline instead of arginine causes an altered p53 protein expression and has been found to be associated with an elevated risk of various cancer; especially breast and lung cancer. As the previous case-control studies on the South Asian population have shown controversial results, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate a precise estimation of the relationship between the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism with breast and lung cancer. Methods: A total of 12 related studies on the South Asian population have been included through comprehensive database searching. Six studies were selected for breast cancer meta-analysis involving 950 cases and 882 controls; the other six studies were for lung cancer meta-analysis including 975 cases and 1397 controls. The results have been determined by using the Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3. Additionally, the stability of our analysis was assessed by heterogeneity, publication bias analysis and sensitivity testing. Results: A significantly increased risk of breast cancer was found in Pro allele (Pro vs. Arg), co-dominant model 2 (Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg), dominant model (Pro/Pro + Arg/Pro vs. Arg/Arg). In case of lung cancer, significantly increased risk was found in the allele, co-dominant 1, co-dominant 2, co-dominant 3, dominant, and recessive models. No association with other genetic models with breast and lung cancer risk was found in the South Asian population. Conclusions: Our results indicate that TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism is a risk factor for the development of breast cancer and lung cancer in the South Asian population.}, keywords = {Arg72Pro,breast cancer,Lung cancer,Meta-analysis,TP53 polymorphism}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89131.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89131_f84c727692d0bd84dbdfe4a4026f1574.pdf} } @article { author = {Fattahi Ardakani, Mojtaba and Salehi-Abargouei, Amin and Sotoudeh, Ahmad and Esmaeildokht, Somayyeh and Bahrevar, Vali}, title = {Do Subjective Norms Predict the Screening of Cancer Patients’ First-Degree Relatives? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1521-1530}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1521}, abstract = {Background: Early detection and preventive measures can reduce the risk of cancer among first degree relatives (FDRs) of cancer patients.Several studies investigated the effect of subjective norm in relation to FDRs’ tendency to conduct preventive behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of subjective norms on cancer patients’ FDRs as well as their willingness for screening. Methods: PubMed and Scopus were studied to investigate the effect of subjective norms on preventive measures such as breast cancer self-examination, colonoscopy, PSA testing, skin examination, and genetic testing. Odds Ratio (OR), correlation was and confidence intervals were extracted for meta-analysis. After reviewing the studies, only 16 studies met the criteria to be included in this systematic review. Results: The meta- analysis and OR showed that Physician Recommendation (OR=6.98, 95% CI; 2.55–19.09, P<0.001), Health Care Provider (HCP) (OR=2.79, 95% CI; 1.26-6.16; P=0.011), family and friends (OR=1.82, 95% CI; 1.33–2.50, P <0.001) significantly enhanced the likelihood of referring for screening and preventive measures. Conclusions: The results of the current study indicated that subjective norms can significantly increase willingness to screening.}, keywords = {Decision Making,relatives,Screening,Societal Norms,cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89122.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89122_a41f1312c7de9a3a5589752def5e1b76.pdf} } @article { author = {Jahed, Fatemeh Soghra and Hamidi, Samin and Galehassadi, Mohammad}, title = {Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction for Sensitive Determination of Methotrexate from Human Saliva Followed by Spectrophotometric Method}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1531-1538}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1531}, abstract = {For biological assessing of hospital personnel occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs, highly sensitive and accurate methods are required. Methotrexate (MTX) is an anticancer agent that is widely used in a variety of human cancers. For the first time, dispersive-micro solid phase extraction (D-µ-SPE) has been applied for determination of low levels of MTX in saliva samples. The method is based on rapid extraction of MTX using graphene oxide adsorbent. The sample preparation time is decreased by the fact that the adsorbent dispersed in the sample solution and extraction equilibrium can be reached very fast. This significant feature which obtained with this method is of key interest for routine trace laboratory analysis. The influence of different variables on D-µ-SPE was investigated. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear over the range of 10–1000 ng/ml. The relative standard deviations are better than 9.0%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of MTX in patient samples.}, keywords = {methotrexate,Saliva,Dispersive micro solid phase extraction,Spectrophotometry}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89103.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89103_92a6d525ccde94e66672ae3c1eb32751.pdf} } @article { author = {Faridizadeh, Mostafa and Alavi Majd, Hamid and Parkhideh, Sayeh and Hajifathali, Abbas and Raei, Mehdi and Ramezani, Nazanin and Saeedi, Anahita and Baghestani, Ahmad Reza}, title = {Analyzing Survival Rate of Leukemia Patients Applying Long Term Exponential Model}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1539-1543}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1539}, abstract = {Background: Making progressin treatment of all branches of cancers has increasedthe percent of patients that never experience the event of interest. These cases are called immune or cure and models for handling the data included cure fraction rate, are referred to as cure model or long-term survival models. Methods:The data for this historical cohort study, were collected from leukemia patients diagnosed between 2007 to 2014 and followed up until 2016 in Taleghani hospital and received BMT (Bone Marrow Transplant). Some data had to be excluded because of incomplete information. Using recorded files mostly and phone calls rarely, were made to confirm whether the patients were still alive or not. Death due to leukemia was regarded as interested event. Analysis were performed by R version 3.4.1and Stata version 14. Results: Number of recurrents after receiving BMT, pre-transplant Hb and age at diagnosis were found as significant prognostics of survival time. HD patients had the highest 5-years overall survival in category of diagnosis type with 81.3%. Cure fraction was estimated to be 64.1%. Conclusion: According to high percentage of censoring, using long-term model had better fit.}, keywords = {Leukemia,BMT,Survival Analysis,cure model}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89104.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89104_2544d2023be2ff998c45bff69bd67ce8.pdf} } @article { author = {Paramita, Dewi Kartikawati and Hutajulu, Susanna Hilda and Syifarahmah, Anditta and Sholika, Tri Agusti and Fatmawati, Sri and Aning, Sumartiningsih and Sulistyawati, Dewi and Wahyuni, Sri and Taroeno-Hariadi, Kartika Widayati and Kurnianda, Johan}, title = {BCR-ABL Gene Transcript Types of Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in Yogyakarta, Indonesia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1545-1550}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1545}, abstract = {The aim of this study was analyzing the BCR-ABL transcript types of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study is very relevant because the data concerning BCR-ABL gene transcript types is very limited in Indonesia. Furthermore, it is important for patient’s management, particularly in defining the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy and monitoring after therapy. The introduction of TKIs has become a major advance in the management of patients with CML, especially in the chronic phase (CML-CP), in which most patients are diagnosed. Methods: One hundred eighty five (185) of 370 recruited patients were included in this study (2010–2014). RNA samples were isolated from mononuclear cells of peripheral blood of the subjects taken at primary diagnosis. Detection of BCR-ABL gene transcript types was done using multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR (multiplex RT-PCR) and/or nested PCR following the cDNA synthesis. When the first PCR set failed to amplify the BCR-ABL gene, RT-conventional PCR and/or nested PCR would be applied. The proportion of each transcript type was calculated among the BCR-ABL positive CML patients. Results: Approximately 99% (183/185) of CML patients are BCR-ABL positive, with the most common type is major b3a2 (136/183; 74.3%), followed by major b2a2 (41/183; 22.4%). Two samples (1.1%) showed co-expression of b3a2 and b2a2; 1 sample showed co-expression of b3a2 and fragment at 500bp; and 3 samples showed uncommon fragments. Conclusion: Ninety nine percent (99%) of CML patients in Yogyakarta, Indonesia are BCR-ABL positive, with 74.3% have b3a2 transcript, 22.4% have b2a2 trascript, 1.1% have co-expression of b3a2 and b2a2 transcript, and the rest (2.2%) have uncommon bands that still need to be confirmed.}, keywords = {chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML),BCR-ABL,b3a2,b2a2,major breakpoint}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89105.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89105_e4c002b16232bd0717bc0116d79fc437.pdf} } @article { author = {Zahiri, Zahra and Zahiri, Fatemeh}, title = {A Study of Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr Polymorphism in the Men Afflicted with Prostate Cancer and in the Men being Suspicious of Prostate Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1551-1557}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1551}, abstract = {Background and objective: Prostate cancer is one of the most widespread cancers among men throughout the world. In addition, it is the second cause of death after lung cancer. Occurrence of the prostate cancer is variable in various regions of the world. Solely, there are three known risk factors for the prostate cancer, including: Age, inheritance and ethnic origin. ELAC2 protein is a phosphodiesterase enzyme encoded by ELAC2 gene in human. This gene is placed on chromosome 17, and it is believed that product of the mentioned gene is an endonuclease contributed in puberty of mitochondrion’s tRNA. From clinical viewpoint, variables of ELAC2 gene such as Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr Missense mutations which are accompanied by hereditary prostate cancer (HPC2).Objective of this study is to investigate Ser217Leu (rs4792311) and Ala541Thr (rs5030739) polymorphisms in the individuals with prostate cancer or those who are suspicious of prostate cancer with family past record/history. Study method: In this study conducted by case-control method in 2018, 102 men with prostate cancer and 98 men being suspicious of prostate cancer out of 10 families referred to shahid Rajaei Hospital in Tonekabon county to study and check were investigated. After collection of data using questionnaire, sampling from individuals and performance of the rest steps, study of polymorphism was carried out by PCR sequencing technique, and the results were analyzed by Chromas software. Finding: Of the total studied 102 individuals, 44 individuals (43.1%) were homozygote for Ser217Leu mutation, 36 individuals (35.2%) were heterozygote and 22 individuals (21.5%) lacked Missense mutation. for Ala541Thr mutation, 18 ones (17.6%) were heterozygote and 84 ones (82.3%) lacked Missense mutation. For Ser217Leu mutation, out of 98 suspicious individuals, 21 individuals (21.4%) were homozygote. 6 individuals (6.1%) were heterozygote and 71 individuals (72.4%) lacked the mutation. For Ala541Thr mutation, 15 ones (15.3%) were homozygote and 84 ones (84.6%) lacked the studied mutation. Conclusion: Results of this research showed that, in the individuals with the prostate cancer, there is a relationship between Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphism of ELAC2 gene and/with prostate cancer, and the suspicious individuals gotten involved in the mutation must take action to prevent this cancer.  }, keywords = {: Ser217Leu,Ala541Thr,Polymorphism,Prostate Cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89145.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89145_3802a48331b3d937401c33ed0f7a9f2f.pdf} } @article { author = {Sujarittanakarn, Sasithorn and Himakhun, Wanwisa and Worasawate, Worawarn and Prasert, Wilairat}, title = {The Case to Case Comparison of Hormone Receptors and HER2 Status between Primary Breast Cancer and Synchronous Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1559-1565}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1559}, abstract = {Background: Nowadays, the adjuvant treatment for breast cancer patients chosen depends on immunohistochemical pattern of Estrogen receptor(ER), Progesterone receptor(PR) and HER2 status of primary breast tumor. Several retrospective studies showed significant discordance in receptor expression between primary and metastatic tumors. The objective of this research was to determine discordant rate of ER, PR and HER2 status between primary breast cancer and synchronous axillary lymph node metastasis of individual breast cancer patients in Thammasat University Hospital. Methods: A prospective observational study of all breast cancer patients who have axillary metastasis and underwent surgery at Thammasat Hospital between January 2011 to December 2015. Tumor staging, ER, PR, and HER2 status on primary breast tumor were recorded. Synchronous axillary lymph node metastasis was evaluated with immunohistochemistry for ER, PR, and HER2. Results: The ER-positive rate from primary tumor to synchronous axillary lymph node metastasis decreased from 74.7% to 71.7%; the HER2 overexpression rate was decreased from 26% to 24%. In contrast, PR positive rate were 71% in both primary tumor and synchronous axillary lymph node metastasis. In case to case comparison, discordance rate of ER, PR and HER2 status between primary breast cancer and synchronous axillary lymph node metastasis were 11.1%, 20.2% and 10.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the tumor staging was not significant associated with discordance of ER, PR and HER2. Conclusion: ER, PR and HER 2 biomarkers showed significant concordance between primary tumor and synchronous axillary lymph node metastasis. Hence, if we cannot assess the ER, PR and HER2 status in primary tumor, then synchronous axillary lymph node metastasis can be studied instead. However, the repeat of biomarker testing in node-positive breast cancer patients may be beneficial for tailored adjuvant therapy, especially for patients with negative hormone receptor and/or HER2 profile on primary tumor.}, keywords = {ER,PR,HER2,Primary breast cancer,synchronous axillary lymph node}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89106.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89106_aa3ad7e6e26c1a7a0749b459e62d3547.pdf} } @article { author = {Ebrahimi, Mahbobeh and Mehrzad, Valiollah and Moghaddas, Azadeh}, title = {Adherence to ASCO for Prophylaxis of Acute Chemotherapy- Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1567-1572}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1567}, abstract = {Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the scariest chemotherapy-induced adverse effects. We evaluated the adherence to the 2017 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the latest guideline recommendations, for the management of acute CINV at our institute. Methods: During a 6-months cross-sectional study on outpatient’s cancer patients, we collected data from the prescription documents during temporary hospitalization and compared the results with ASCO guideline recommendations. Results: The most prescribed prophylactic regimens for the management of CINV were combination of aprepitant, granisetron, and dexamethasone and metoclopramide (51.8%). Regarding prescription compatibility in our center with ASCO guideline recommnedations, selection of different regimens for prophylaxis of acute CINV in our institute was compliant in 0 %, 22%, 4%, and 40% of high, moderate, low, and minimal emetogenic potential of chemotherapy regimen groupss, respectively. Conclusion: Although our hospital is a referral and university-affiliated center, adherence to the ASCO guideline recommendations for prophylaxis of CINV was poor.}, keywords = {chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting,American Society of Clinical Oncology,guideline,Prophylaxis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89139.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89139_a63589899400e25a3b34fa902f2ea593.pdf} } @article { author = {Hussien, Marwa T and Helmy, Eatemad and Elsaba, Tarek M and Elkady, Azza and Alrefai, Hani and Hetta, Helal F}, title = {Assessing CD 10 Expression Level and Its Prognostic Impact in Egyptian Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1573-1583}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1573}, abstract = {Background and aim: CD10 is expressed in urothelial carcinoma cells and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF). In the current study, CD10 immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and CD10 mRNA expression in urothelial carcinoma of bladder (UCB) were assessed, and its  relationship with tumor progression and prognosis was investigated. Patients and Methods: In this study, 106 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of UCB, obtained through radical cystectomy specimen, and 10 matched normal tissue samples were included.CD10 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real time PCR techniques. Results: CD10 expression in tumor cells and associated stromal fibroblasts was significantly associated with high tumor grade and advanced stage. Significant correlation was found between CD10 tumor expression and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (P<0.001) as well as perineural invasion (PNI). CD10 expression in stromal fibroblasts was significantly associated with squamous differentiation of tumor cells, lymph node metastasis (LNM), and tumor necrosis. Positive CD10 expression in both tumor cells and associated stromal fibroblasts was associated with shorter OS . CD10 mRNA was overexpressed in tumors in comparison with the matched normal tissues. CD10 mRNA was significantly higher in invasive tumor, advanced stage tumor, and high grade tumor. There was significant correlation between CD10 mRNA tumor expression and LVI, PNI, and tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Increased expression of CD10 in the tumor and CAF was strongly correlated with tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, shorter OS, and RFS in urothelial carcinoma patients. CD10 mRNA showed significantly higher expression in tumor tissue than in matched normal tissue. CD10 mRNA was associated with depth of invasion, TNM stage, tumor grade, vascular tumor invasion, and tumor recurrence.}, keywords = {CD10 expression,Urothelial,stage,Recurrence,Metastasis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89107.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89107_631494fe89bcecfb3ddf5e70eb1916c1.pdf} } @article { author = {Siasi, Elham and Solimani, Mahkameh}, title = {Associations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in miR-146a Gene with Susceptibility to Breast Cancer in the Iranian Female}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1585-1593}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1585}, abstract = {Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short regulatory RNAs, function as negative regulators able to modulate gene expression. Just as other genetic variant, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA genes, may have an impact on their expression and/or maturation and hence leading to different consequences in carcinogenesis. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the frequency of miR-146a G/C (rs2910164) polymorphism and its association with susceptibility to breast cancer in Iranian women. Methods: We conducted a case-control study using Tetra ARMS polymerase chain reaction (Tetra ARMS PCR) method in 100 Iranian female participants (50 breast cancer patients and 50 controls). Besides, a number of sequenced samples were chosen to confirm the accuracy of genotyping by Tetra ARMA PCR. SPSS software was utilized for all statistical analyses. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were applied to analyze the association between the SNP frequency and breast cancer. Results: The frequency of genotypes for G/G, G/C, and C/C were 23 (46%), 26 (52%), and 1 (2%) among cases and 15 (30%), 33 (66%), and 2(4%) among controls, respectively. The results generated by the groups did not show any significant correlation between miR-146a G/C (rs2910164) polymorphism and breast cancer, either at genotype or allele levels (P>0.05). F-SNP-based in silico analysis indicated possible modifications in transcriptional regulations induced by miR-146a G/C (rs2910164) variations. Conclusion: Overall, our results indicated no correlation between miR-146a G/C (rs2910164) polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to breast cancer in Iranian female populations. However, these findings need to be further confirmed by analyses of a larger number of cases.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Single nucleotid polymorphism (SNP),miR146a gene,rs2910164,Tetra ARMS PCR}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89108.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89108_57f7cfdb9c2b182984c46a120344a3ff.pdf} } @article { author = {Biswas, Biplob Kumar and Guru, Sameer Ahmad and Sumi, Mamta Pervin and Jamatia, Elvia and Gupta, Rohit Kumar and Lali, Pramod and Konar, Bidhan Chandra and Saxena, Alpana and Mir, Rashid}, title = {Natural Killer Cells Expanded and Preactivated Exhibit Enhanced Antitumor Activity against Different Tumor Cells in Vitro}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1595-1605}, year = {1999}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1595}, abstract = {One of the emerging treatment strategies for cancer particularly for haematological malignancies is natural killer (NK) cell therapy. However, the availability of a best approach to maximize NK cell anticancer potential is still awaited. It is well established that cytokine-induced memory-like NK cells have the potential to differentiate after a short period of preactivation with interleukins-IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 and exhibit increased responses to cytokine or activating receptor restimulation for weeks to months after preactivation. We demonstrated that NK cells differentiated from CD34+ cells isolated from cord blood show increased antitumor potential in vitro against different cancer cells. Using flow cytometry, we found that NK cells were able to induce apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro. We further analysed surviving gene expression by quantitative real time PCR and reported that NK cells cause down regulation of survivin gene expression in tumor cells. Therefore, NK cell therapy represents a promising immunotherapy for cancers like AML and other haematological malignancies. It concluded that NK cells can be differentiated from CD34+ cells isolated from cord blood ,are able to induce apoptosis and induce increased antitumor potential in vitro against different cancer cells besides cause downregulation of survivin gene expression in tumor cells. Therefore, NK cell therapy represents a promising immunotherapy for different cancer types and haematological malignancies. Furthers studies are necessary to confir}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89143.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89143_360dd3182e697ba151ceeeb6479a7c48.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahadi, Mahsa and Moradi, Afshin and Musavinejad, Leila and Movafagh, Abolfazl and Moradi, Arsham}, title = {The Expression of p53, CD44, Ki-67, and HER-2/neu Markers in Gastric Cancer and Its Association with Histopathological Indicators: A Retrospective Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1607-1614}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1607}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Gastric cancer is known as one of the most common cancers and causes of deaths. Early and proper diagnosis is one of the most important things for treatment response. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the expression of p53, CD44, Ki-67, and HER-2/neu markers in the gastric cancer and its relationship with histopathological indicators. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study on 60 patientsts with cancer who underwent gastrectomy surgery in 2011-2016 in Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital. The participants were investigated for p53, CD44, Ki-67, and HER-2/neu markers’ staining plus demographic characteristics, rate of survival, and histopathological features of the tumors. Results: The mean age of the participants (44 males and 16 females) was 60.25±1.29 years. The patients’ survival rate was 23.82±1.56 months on average. The tumor size was reported as 6.09±2.61 cm and the major tumor type reported was intestinal type (n=40, 66.7%). The level of expression of Ki-67 and CD44 makers was recorded as 33.75 and 24.50%, and p53 and HER-2/neu immunostains were positive in 25 (41.7%) and 20 (33.3%) patients, respectively. The expression of p53 and CD44 markers had no significant relationship with the demographic characteristics, rate of survival, and histopathological features of the tumor of patients (all p>0.05). The expression of p53 gene was associated with a lower rate of survival (p=0.014), while the expression of HER-2/neu was associated with higher probability of developing intestinal type of stomach adenocarcinoma (p=0.010) and ulcerative macroscopic view (p=0.034). Conclusion: This study illustrated that p53 and CD44 markers did not have any diagnostic value in predicting the biological behavior of gastric cancer. In fact, incidence of p53 mmunoreactivity was associated with the lower rate of survival, and the expression of HER-2/neu was associated with higher probability of developing the intestinal type of stomach adenocarcinoma and ulcerative macroscopic view.  }, keywords = {p53,CD44,Ki-67,HER-2/neu,Gastric cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89144.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89144_eedb850234263260fa9ae34ed2742678.pdf} } @article { author = {Karuveettil, Vineetha and Joseph, Joe and S, Vijay Kumar and Sanjeevan, Vinita and Padamadan, Heljo Joseph and Varghese, Naveen Jacob}, title = {The Ominous beginning” Perceptions of Smokeless Tobacco Initiation among the Paniya Tribes of Wayanad: A qualitative Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1615-1622}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1615}, abstract = {Background: The prevalence of tobacco chewing, and related oral mucosal lesions is alarmingly high amongst the Paniya tribes of Wayanad. A deeper understanding of their socio-cultural factors, beliefs, attitudes and behaviours would shed greater insights into the indiscriminate use of smokeless tobacco and related products in this community. Methods: Ethnography was the theoretical framework adopted with network and convenience sampling. Fifteen in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions were conducted among the key informants from within the tribal colonies of Cheepram and Madikkunnu. The data was audio recorded and converted into verbatim transcripts. Thematic content analysis was done using an inductive approach performed using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (NVivo). Results: This study is suggestive of parental influence and peer pressure as the key factors for smokeless tobacco initiation amongst the adolescent. There was a greater predisposition for women to be chewers of tobacco, particularly after marriage. The key factors influencing initiation of the habit amongst men include peer pressure and availability of tobacco at workplace. The role of contextual factors such as enculturation, marginalization and perceived health benefits also play a substantial role in development of this habit. Conclusion: Targeted strategies for effective tobacco control can be developed through an understanding of the socio-cultural factors leading to initiation of smokeless tobacco use among disadvantaged communities.}, keywords = {Tobacco chewing,Tobacco habit initiation,Ethnography}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89109.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89109_c2c6280c91ea4e5abb2d5a45d05b3a15.pdf} } @article { author = {Bounder, Ghizlane and Jouimyi, Mohamed Reda and Boura, Hasna and Touati, Eliette and Michel, Valerie and Badre, Wafaa and Jouhadi, Hassan and Kadi, Maria and Eljihad, Meriem and Benomar, Hakima and Kettani, Anass and Lebrazi, Halima and Maachi, Fatima}, title = {Associations of the -238(G/A) and -308(G/A) TNF-α Promoter Polymorphisms and TNF-α Serum Levels with the Susceptibility to Gastric Precancerous Lesions and Gastric Cancer Related to Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Moroccan Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1623-1629}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1623}, abstract = {Objective: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which is closely related to a gastric epithelial injury. TNF-α gene polymorphism and TNF-α serum levels are associated with various malignant conditions. Identification of the ideal marker for gastric cancer (GC) is still the leading aim of several trials. Physio-pathological considerations of GC led us to investigate the association of two TNF-α promoter polymorphisms (-308G>A and -238G>A), and TNF-α serum levels with the susceptibility to gastric precancerous (PL) and GC. Methods: Patients suffering from gastric lesions (65 chronic gastritis, 50 PL, 40 GC) related to H. pylori ‎infection , and 63 healthy controls (HC) were involved in this study. Individuals are genotyped by TNF-α gene promoter sequencing and TNF-α serum levels are measured by ELISA quantitative method. Results: Regarding TNF-α-308 G/A locus, we noticed higher risk for GC (OR=4.3, CI 1.5-11.9, p-value=0.005)  and PL (OR=3.4, CI 1.2-9.2, p-value=0.01) for individuals with AA/GA genotypes compared to GG genotype. Concerning TNF-α-238 G/A locus, we noticed higher  risk for GC (OR=5.9, CI 1.2-27.5, p-value=0.01) and PL (OR=4.8, CI 1.3-18, p-value=0.01) for individuals with GG genotype compared to AA/GA genotypes. We noticed that TNF-α serum levels have been increased together with gastric lesions severity. Moreover, TNF-α-308 and TNF-α-238 A alleles seemed to, respectively, upregulate and downregulate TNF-α serum levels. Conclusion: The TNF-α -308 A allele has a promotive effect for GC progression, whereas the TNF-α -238 A allele has a protective function against GC progression. High levels of TNF-α seemed to be associated with the aggressiveness of gastric lesions. TNF-α gene polymorphisms and TNF-α serum levels might be helpful to select those patients who are at high risk for GC.}, keywords = {gastric carcinogenesis,TNFα polymorphisms,TNFα serum levels,Helicobacter ‎pylori.‎}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89110.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89110_1c1b0461663b3ef2f0fb03a4f1fa2c43.pdf} } @article { author = {Shojaee, Leyla and Abedinnegad, Sheida and Nafisi, Nahid and Naghshvar, Farshad and Godazandeh, Gholamali and Moradi, Siavosh and Shakeri Astani, Kiarash and Godazandeh, Yasaman}, title = {Sentinel Node Biopsy in Early Breast Cancer Patients with Palpable Axillary Node}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1631-1636}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1631}, abstract = {Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a reliable method for evaluation of the axillary lymph node status in early stage breast cancer patients with non-palpable lymph nodes. The present study evaluated the status of sentinel and non-sentinel lymph nodes in T1T2 patients with palpable axillary lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: One hundred and two women with early breast cancer were investigated in this study. Patients were selected for axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy and then surgery .Then the rates of false negative and true positive, and diagnostic accuracy of sentinel lymph nodes biopsy were evaluated. In addition, the hormone receptors status of the tumor was determined through IHC and data was analyzed in SPSS21. Results: In this study, the mean age of the patients was 49 years, 85% had invasive ductal carcinoma  in their pathology reports, 77% were ER/PR positive, 30% HER2 positive and 9.8% triple negative and 69% had KI67<14%. In frozen pathology, 15.7 and 84.3% were sentinel positive and negative, respectively, and in the final pathology, 41 and 58.8% were sentinel positive and negative, respectively. This difference arises from the false negative rate of the frozen pathology, which was about 31.3%. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the frozen section were 24, 90 and 43%, respectively. Lymphovascular invasion is an important effective factor in the involvement of sentinel and non-sentinel lymph nodes. Statistical analysis showed that the probability of sentinel and non-sentinel lymph nodes involvement was higher in receptor positive patients and those with KI67>14% (p<0.002) whereas the rate of involvement was lower in triple negative patients. Conclusion: Sentinel node biopsy can be used in a significant percentage of breast cancer patients with palpable and reactive axillary lymph nodes.}, keywords = {Palpable Lymph Node,breast cancer,sentinel lymph node biopsy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89111.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89111_97f8cf09a15cd2550996069004804956.pdf} } @article { author = {Maniglia, Mauricio Pereira and Russo, Anelise and Biselli-Chicote, Patrícia Matos and Oliveira-Cucolo, Juliana Garcia de and Rodrigues-Fleming, Gabriela Helena and -Maniglia, josé Victor and Pavarino, Érika Cristina and Goloni-Bertollo, Eny Maria}, title = {Glutathione S-transferase Polymorphisms in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1637-1644}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1637}, abstract = {Background/Aim: The Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. Polymorphisms involved in these enzymes can modulate the development and treatment of head and neck cancer. To investigate the association of GSTs polymorphisms with head and neck cancer and risk factors, clinical-pathological features, and survival time of the patients treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Methods: The GST gene polymorphisms were evaluated in 197 cases and 514 controls by PCR-RFLP-Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Results: The GSTP-313 was associated with a decreased risk for HNSCC (p=0.050). The GSTP1 haplotype analysis revealed a higher frequency of the AC and AT haplotypes in the case group than in the control group (p=0.013 and p=0.019, respectively), and the opposite for G-C haplotype (p = 0.015). Yet, the different combinations between the genotypes were associated with an increased risk of cancer. The study showed no association between the polymorphisms and primary tumor site, clinical-pathological characteristics, treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy) and survival time of the patients. Conclusion: The GST polymorphisms combination showed an increased risk for carcinogenesis, and studies with larger casuistry can contribute to the clarification of the role in individual patient differences for the response to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and identify biomarkers of susceptibility.}, keywords = {Chemotherapy Agents,Genetic polymorphism,Glutathione Transferase,head and neck neoplasms,radiotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89112.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89112_5c9a71ad80249c4c93c9790e0f5271a4.pdf} } @article { author = {Balmagambetova, Saule K and Bekmukhambetov, Yerbol Z and Tulyaeva, Anar B and Iztleuov, Yerbolat M and Smagulova, Gaziza A and Koyshybaev, Arip K and Urazayev, Olzhas N and Djussembekov, Saganaj T and Begunov, Valeriy V and Kokhreidze, Irakli}, title = {Gastric Cancer in Aktobe Region of Western Kazakhstan from 2009 to 2018: Incidence Rates, Trends, and Five-Year Survival}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1645-1652}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1645}, abstract = {Objective: to assess the current state of gastric cancer (GC) incidence and its five-year survival across Aktobe region of western Kazakhstan from 2009 to 2018 by presenting key indicators and analyzing the most significant features. Methods: Rough incidence rates (per 100,000) and average annual percent changes (aAPCs) were estimated for each age group at diagnosis with respect to gender, ethnicity, residence, the disease stages, tumor subsite, and histology type using linear regression analysis, including the prognostic index for 2019-2020. Overall five-year survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Overall GC incidence increased from 19.2 to 29.3, and averaged 25.8 (R2 0.65) with aAPC of 3.2%, with a potential to further rise (30.4 by 2020, p<0.001). Non-cardia location (17.8, p<0.001, aAPC 6.4%) and intestinal type of the tumor (17.0, p<0.001, aAPC 7.35%) were predominant. The observed overall five-year survival rate was 28.4% (95% CI 24.5;32.3) with a median survival time of 8.0 months (95% CI 6.6;9.4). Groups aged 40-49 and ≥70 had the lowest rates (24.4% and 22.1%, respectively, log-rank p 0.008), but the youngest individuals (18-39 years) showed the shortest median survival time, 5.0 months after diagnosis at the survival rate of 29.4%. Resectional surgery contributed significantly to the median survival time, 23.0 months vs. 6.0 in non-operated patients (log-rank p<0.001). Conclusion: GC in Aktobe region was featured by growing incidence and unsatisfactory five-year survival rates. Indigenous males of 60-69 years old with intestinal histology type, as well as the youngest patients irrespective of their gender, ethnicity, and other characteristics were recognized as high risk groups. Besides, relatively high aAPC 5.1% in the youngest revealed their further expected vulnerability. Further research is suggested to focus on risk factors, including gene expression profiling, to find out an accessible preventive strategy.  }, keywords = {Gastric cancer,Incidence,Trends,five-year survival,western Kazakhstan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89113.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89113_82d5a90fe58787fed332b822c7f74000.pdf} } @article { author = {Ebrahimi, Amirpasha and Zand, Sanaz and Bagheri Amiri, Fahimeh and Shahi, Farhad and Jafarian, Ali and Kaviani, Ahmad}, title = {Conflict of Interest: Are Iranian Breast Cancer Specialists Prone to it?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1653-1658}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1653}, abstract = {Introduction: Giving gifts is a common way to promote and encourage the use of products of trading companies and increase the patient referrals to diagnostic centers. The present study aimed to assess the practice of physicians of different (sub) specialties/educational levels engaged in breast cancer management in some conflict of interest (COI) situations in their relation with pharmaceutical companies and paraclinical centers. Methods: A self-administered online questionnaire including questions on demographic and professional information as well as the attitude of physicians toward COI by answering the questions in three different practical scenarios was developed. Respondents were asked to answer each question by selecting one of the five options: strongly agree, agree, undecided/neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree in their own practices as well as the same questions asking the same subject for what they think of the other physicians. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to report qualitative and quantitative variables. Result: The response rate was 66.24%. In general, physicians considered their performance better than that of other physicians in the situations asked. More than 90% stated that they would participate in the sponsorship congress for introducing new drugs. One fifth of the physicians stated that they would accept the 30% financial proposition for the referral of every single patient to other clinics. More than half of the physicians stated that they had considered the risks resulted from the COI for referring patients to private radiobiological centers. Conclusion: This study indicated that physicians in the field of breast cancer were at the risk of COI. Even within the medical field, there is not sufficient trust in the proper functioning of doctors in dealing with COI situations.  }, keywords = {Key words: Conflict of interest,Ethics,breast cancer,physician,Industry}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89114.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89114_e1b75874c501e17306ea880c17d334b9.pdf} } @article { author = {Subramani, Vendhan and Rathakrishnan, Murali and N, Arunai Nambiraj and S, Saraswathi Chitra and Venkatraman, Murali}, title = {Dosimetric Validation of Digital Megavolt Imager for Flattening Filter Free Beams in the Pre-Treatment Quality Assurance of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Liver Metastases}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1659-1665}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1659}, abstract = {Aim: The aim is to evaluate the use of digital megavolt imager (DMI) aS1200 in portal dosimetry with flattening filter free (FFF) beams. Materials and Methods: Dosimetric properties of DMI is characterized at 6MV FFF beams for signal saturation, dose linearity, dependency on dose-rate and source-detector distance (SDD), signal lag (ghosting), and back scatter.  Portal dosimetry is done for twenty volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) based stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) plans for the treatment of liver metastases and the results are compared with repeated measurements of Octavius 4D. Results: The detector signal to monitor unit (MU) ratio drops drastically below 25MU. The detector linearity with dose is within 1% and no evidence of signal saturation as such.  The aS1200 response variation across various dose rates and SDD is <0.4% and <0.2% respectively.  The effect of ghosting increased distinctly at higher dose rate but however it is negligible (0.1%).  The impact of back scatter is <0.3% because of additional shielding provided at the back of the detector.  The portal dosimetry results of SBRT QA plans evaluated at the gamma criteria of 2mm/2% (DTA/DD) both under global and local mode analysis has shown an average gamma passing rate of area gamma (<1) 97.9±0.8% and 96.4±0.9%.  The SBRT QA results observed in aS1200 are inline and consistent with Octavius 4D measured results. Conclusion: The characteristics of aS1200 evaluated at FFF beams have shown its potential ability as QA tool and can be used in SBRT QA for liver metastases with greater confidence.}, keywords = {SBRT QA,Liver metastates,FFF beams,DMI detector,Portal dosimetry}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89116.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89116_823a91a107a7c53bd15483413bc1ae29.pdf} } @article { author = {Hamed Bieyabanie, Monireh and Mirghafourvand, Mojgan}, title = {Health Promoting Lifestyle and its Relationship with Self-Efficacy in Iranian Mastectomized Women}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1667-1672}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1667}, abstract = {Introduction: Lifestyle modification has an important role in long-term health of breast cancer patients. As a result, this study aimed to identify the health-promoting lifestyle and its subdomains in mastectomized women and its relationship with self-efficacy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated 100 mastectomized women in Tabriz-Iran, 2018. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data was collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale by Sherer. The multivariate general linear model with adjusting the sociodemographic variables was used to determine the relationship of the health-promoting lifestyle with self-efficacy. Results: The mean±SD total score of the health-promoting behaviors was 135.5±16.7 from the obtainable score of 52 to 208. The highest and lowest mean scores were observed in the spiritual growth (25.4±4.3) and physical activity (15.2±4.4), respectively. The mean±SD self-efficacy score in this study was 57.3±7.4 from the obtainable score of 17 to 85. There was a significant positive correlation between the total score of the health-promoting lifestyle (r= 0.369; p<0.001) with self-efficacy. Results from the adjusted general linear model showed that the age, educational attainment of the spouse, and self-efficacy were the health-promoting lifestyle predictors. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate the importance of self-efficacy and modifiable variables such as education in the engagement of mastectomized women in the health-promoting lifestyle. Regarding the positive relationship of self-efficacy with the health-promoting lifestyle, it seems that the interventional attempts to improve self-efficacy in these patients especially with considering the variables of age and spouse’s educational level can contribute to the improvement of the health-promoting lifestyle.}, keywords = {self-efficacy,mastectomy,breast cancer,health-promoting lifestyle}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89117.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89117_25d28ca2f2ec0619b3ec0b18666ba806.pdf} } @article { author = {Ganesan, Sivaraman and Sivagnanganesan, Sivanesan and Thulasingam, Mahalakshmy and Karunanithi, Gunaseelan and R, Kalaiarasi and Ravichandran, Surya and Saxena, Sunil Kumar and Ramasamy, Karthikeyan}, title = {Diagnostic delay for head and neck cancer in South India: A Mixed-methods Study.}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1673-1678}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1673}, abstract = {Background: Early diagnosis is an important aspect of quality of cancer care.Analysis of the diagnostic delays and the reasons for delay helps to plan strategies to improve cancer care. Objectives: To determine the primary, secondary, and total diagnostic delay of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer and to explore the reasons for the delay from the patient perspective. Methods: Explanatory mixed method design was used. Two hundred persons with a confirmed diagnosis of head and neck cancer attending the ENT (ear, nose, throat) cancer clinic in a teaching hospital before the initiation of treatment were included in the study. The median delay and the association of the delay with the various factors were analyzed. Sixteen one-to-one interviews of patients were done to identify the reasons for the delays from the patient perspective. Results: Median primary, secondary, and total diagnostic delays were 30 days, 30 days, and 73 days, respectively. Statistically, primary delay was found significantly longer among ever users of smokeless tobacco and significantly longer secondary delay was found among those with age less than 60 years. The reasons for the delay were grouped in the categories (i) Symptom appraisal delay due to low perceived seriousness and (ii) health-seeking behavior delay. Conclusions: The diagnostic delay was considerable. Measures to enhance symptom appraisal by improving health literacy, opportunistic screening, and strengthening the referral system would decrease diagnostic delay.}, keywords = {primary delay,secondary delay,symptom appraisal,health-seeking behavior}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89118.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89118_39acda39a971207621e99259cffccb71.pdf} } @article { author = {Jiarpinitnun, Chuleeporn and Larbcharoensub, Noppadol and Pattaranutaporn, Poompis and Chureemas, Teeranuch and Juengsamarn, Jitlada and Trachu, Narumol and Lukerak, Somthawin and Chansriwong, Phichai and Ngamphaiboon, Nuttapong}, title = {Characteristics and Impact of HPV-Associated p16 Expression on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Thai Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1679-1687}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1679}, abstract = {Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy in Asia. Infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) has been recognized as an etiological risk for HNSCC, especially oropharyngeal region. While the association between HPV and HNSCC has been well evaluated in Western countries, only a few investigated the HPV-associated HNSCC in Southeast Asia. This study evaluated the prevalence, the characteristics, and the impact of HPV on the treatment outcomes in Thai HNSCC patients. Methods: Non-nasopharyngeal HNSCC patients treated at Ramathibodi Hospital during 2007-2013 were identified through the cancer registry database. Baseline patient, treatment data and survivals were retrospectively reviewed. The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections were retrieved for p16 analysis. The HPV status was determined by p16 immunohistochemistry. The survival outcomes were analyzed in cases which p16 status was confirmed. Results: Total of 200 FFPE tissues of HNSCC patients was evaluated for p16 expression. Positive p16 status was observed in 24 cases (12%); majority of p16-positive were men (20:4 cases). The oropharynx (37.9%) was the most common site found in p16-positive while oral cavity (3.2%) was the least common site. Interestingly, 66.7% of p16-positive were former/current smokers, and 70.8% of this subgroup was categorized as clinical AJCC stage III-IV. The p16-positive HNSCC was significantly superior in 5-year overall survival [5-yrs OS 63% vs. 40%, p=0.03], 5-year disease-free survival [5-yrs DFS 61% vs. 36%, p=0.03] and in 5-year locoregional relapse-free survival [5-yrs LRFS 93% vs. 68%, p=0.018] when compared with p16-negative. Conclusions: In comparison to the results from the Western countries, the prevalence of HPV-related HNSCC in Thai patients was less, and differences in some characteristics were observed. Nevertheless, improvement in OS, DFS and LRFS were observed in p16-positive patients. Our analyses suggested that p16 status is also a strong prognostic marker for HNSCC patients in Thailand.}, keywords = {HPV,P16,Thailand,head and neck cancer,Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89119.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89119_2ba0bc1828f395f9def63722ef6e0487.pdf} } @article { author = {Eldaly, Manal Nasreddin and Metwally, Fateheya Mohamed and Shousha, Wafaa Ghoneim and EL-Saiid, Abeer Salah and Ramadan, Shimaa Shawki}, title = {Clinical Potentials of miR-576-3p, miR-613, NDRG2 and YKL40 in Colorectal Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1689-1695}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1689}, abstract = {Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common type of gastrointestinal tract cancers. This investigation aim was to assess the expression of miR-576-3p and miR-613 in CRC patients in addition to NDRG2 and YKL40 serum levels determination to decide their diagnostic and prognostic significance. Methods: Sixty early diagnosed CRC patients prior to any treatment in addition to twelve healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were taken from subjects and allowed for clotting and centrifugation, then the collected sera were stored at -80ºC till it were used for detection of our molecular biomarkers. The mature miRNAs expressions (miR-576-3p and miR-613) were detected in serum by qRT-PCR, while NDRG2 and YKL40 serum levels were determined by ELISA. In addition, the correlation of the measured parameters with the clinicopathological data of the patients was investigated. Results: The study results showed that both miRNA-576-3p and miRNA-613 were down-regulated in CRC patients with fold change 0.33, 0.36; respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between miR-576-3p and miR-613 (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). NDRG2 serum levels were decreased in patients compared to the control group but the decrease wasn’t statistically significant. On the other hand, it was observed that YKL40 serum level was significantly increased in CRC patients compared to control (p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, YKL40 showed a very high diagnostic value (AUC = 0.97, specificity = 91.7%, sensitivity = 96%, p-value = 0.0001). Conclusion: The observations of this investigation concluded that, the expressions of miR-576-3p and miR-613 in addition to YKL40 serum levels determinations may help in the diagnosis of CRC.}, keywords = {micro RNA,Colon cancer,Diagnostic,molecular biomarkers}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89120.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89120_f097cbdd5316c866763bf8e5bc0b665c.pdf} } @article { author = {Takada, Shinya and Hirokazu, Hashishita and Yamagishi, Kayo and Hideki, Sato and Masayuki, Endo}, title = {Predictors of the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Obtained from Real-World Data Analysis in Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1697-1699}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1697}, abstract = {Medications that target programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) have proven effective. However, blockade of PD-1/Programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) causes immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Characteristics of this irAE include many symptom, low in frequency, and difficulty in prevention. The key to a successful ICI-related treatment lies in the management of irAEs resulting from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. Although it is difficult to predict irAE, we tried to extract features of irAE expression from analysis of real-world database. This study used data extracted from the Japan Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database to assess risk factors associated with serious side effects of irAE, type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The analysis targets were nivolumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, and pembrolizumab, and the study period was from July 2014 to June 2019. Analysis of Japanese population data confirmed that being women and having melanoma were risk factors for developing ICI-related T1DM. Analysis using this database in combination with information on ICI-related T1DM provides information and guidelines that will help in the safer treatment of ICI in the future.}, keywords = {immune checkpoint inhibitor,Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database,type 1 diabetes,real-world data analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89121.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89121_6655f2cec4cb14889a744e7a2b1a015d.pdf} } @article { author = {Sinnadurai, Siamala and Okabayashi, Satoe and Kawamura, Takashi and Mori, Mitsuru and Bhoo-Pathy, Nirmala and Aishah Taib, Nur and Ukawa, Shigekazu and Tamakoshi, Akiko and The JACC Study Group, -}, title = {Intake of Common Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beverages and Breast Cancer Risk among Japanese Women: Findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1701-1707}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1701}, abstract = {This study investigated the association between intake of common alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages and breast cancer risk among Japanese women. This study included 33,396 Japanese women aged 40–79 years from 24 areas in Japan from the Collaborative Cohort study. During the follow-up period (≥20 years), 245 incidents or mortal breast cancers were documented. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the independent association between breast cancer risk and the intake of Japanese green tea, coffee, and alcohol. Japanese green tea was the most commonly consumed non-alcoholic beverage (81.6% of participants), followed by coffee (34.7%) and alcohol (23.6%). No significant associations were identified between the intake of green tea and coffee with breast cancer risk (odds ratio OR 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–1.60, and OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.64–1.10, respectively). Alcohol intake was associated with significant breast cancer risk (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.11–1.92), and even infrequent alcohol consumption (  }, keywords = {Beverages,breast cancer,risk,cohort study}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89123.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89123_2431ca085d7f67dd33ad3aa53a541c0d.pdf} } @article { author = {Abozaid, Omayma A R and Moawed, Fatma S M and Farrag, Mostafa A and Kawara, Ragaa S M}, title = {Synergistic Effect of Benzethonium Chloride Combined with Endoxan against Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats through Targeting Apoptosis Signaling Pathway}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1709-1716}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1709}, abstract = {Combination therapy has been the trendy of care, particularly in cancer remedy, since it is a rational approach to increase response and tolerability and to diminish resistance. Hence, there is a growing interest in combining anticancer drugs to maximizing efficacy with minimum systemic toxicity through the delivery of lower drug doses. Therefore, in the present study, the value of combination between benzethonium chloride (benzo) and endoxan (endo) as anti-tumor drug sensitization of hepatocellular carcinoma HCC treatment were detected both in vitro and in vivo. Crystal violet test was performed to detect the proliferation of HepG2 cells treated with benzo or/and endo. In addition, the HCC rat model was established by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) administration. The antitumor effect was enhanced with the combined treatment of the two drugs, particularly in the group with benzo and endo. The results confirmed that the HCC condition was developed in response to lower expressions of caspase 3 and P53 which, in turn, was due to the overexpression of Bcl-2, and downregulation of cytochrome C. The treatment with benzo combined with endo caused significant activation of caspase-3 mediated apoptotic signals that could be responsible for its anti-HCC potential. Meantime, benzo combined with endo treatments could reduce the hepatocellular carcinogenesis by reducing the expression of MMP-9. Therefore, benzo and endo treatments may be a hopeful therapeutic drug for HCC. Also, more studies are recommended to feat the idea of this research for medical use.  }, keywords = {HCC,benzethonium chloride,endoxan,Apoptosis,Cytchrome C}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89124.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89124_450a232c54fbdb96cfbbfb502d3ed91f.pdf} } @article { author = {Sakr, Amr and Elsherbiny, Mamdouh and Abdel Moneim, Rabab and Shaaban, Saeed and Aldaly, Moustafa}, title = {Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX followed by Chemoradiotherapy for Middle and Lower Rectal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1717-1723}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1717}, abstract = {Objective: Neoadjuvant concomitant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection is the standard of care in the treatment of rectal cancer. We are investigating the value of adding combination chemotherapy oxaliplatin, irinotecan, leucovorin and fluorouracil (FOLFIRINOX) before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Methods: Forty-one patients with middle and lower rectal cancer were included. FOLFORINOX were given every 2 weeks over 2 months (4 cycles) followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Surgery was done 6-8 weeks after CRT and then adjuvant 4 months of FOLFOX or XELOX were given. The primary end point was sphincter preservation rate. Results: All patients received the four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy FOLFORINOX, 38 patients completed CRT and only 29 patients underwent surgery. 32 patients were available for assessment (29 patients who underwent surgery and three patients who refuse surgery because of no evidence of disease by endoscopy, imaging and biopsy). Sphincter preservation was achieved in twenty-one patients (51.2%). Pathological complete response rate was 24.1%. After a median follow up of 24 months. Median PFS was 20 months and 2-years PFS was 62.3%. The median overall survival of all patients was not reached, while 2-years OS was 76.5%. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX followed by CRT for middle and lower rectal cancer is feasible, tolerable with satisfactory sphincter preservation rate.   }, keywords = {rectal cancer,FOLFIRINOX,Neoadjuvant chemotherapy,sphincter preservation,concomitant chemoradiotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89125.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89125_615975d49be1a77e41cd22b6e0fd373c.pdf} } @article { author = {Tsutsui, Anna and Taniyama, Yukari and Ohno, Yuko}, title = {Driving to Childhood Cancer Hub Hospitals: A Study on Hospital Accessibility in Japan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1725-1730}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1725}, abstract = {Objective: In 2013, 15 childhood cancer hub hospitals in Japan were designated to provide quality medical treatment and care. The present study assessed hospital accessibility by investigating travel times and distances from patient residences. Methods: A total of 37,309 residence/hospital pairs were generated using the addresses of 15 hub hospitals that were designated in 2019 and local government offices in 2014. Using the Google Directions Application Programming Interface (API), travel times and distances were calculated on the assumption that each patient would arrive by driving to the hospitals by 10 am on Wednesday, November 6, 2019. Thus, after identifying the nearest hospital for each residence and deriving adjusted estimated travel times (AETT), the data were summarized according to the regional block using weighted population descriptive statistics for children under 15 years of age in 2015. The cumulative distribution functions of the weighted mean of AETT were also plotted. Results: Childhood cancer patients could access the nearest hub hospital by traveling approximately 1.78 hours (AETT, range: 0.1 to 41.8) and 91.86 km (range: 1.0 to 1438.0). Moreover, a total of 94.5% of patients had the nearest hub hospital within their own regional block. The cumulative distribution functions of AETT indicated that many children in three blocks with multiple hub hospitals have shorter travel times and better hospital accessibility than those in other blocks. Conclusions: Although feasibility is ultimately dependent on each patient’s condition and situation, child cancer patients on average can likely complete hospital visits from home and return within a single day. However, this is likely not the case for children who live at considerable distances from hub hospitals. We found regional differences in travel times and distances, depending on whether a given block contained multiple hub hospitals.}, keywords = {Hospitals(comma) Pediatric,Child,Adolescent,Neoplasms,Health Services Accessibility}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89137.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89137_bbbd29bdbaa2afede6269eddf1f5192b.pdf} } @article { author = {Bhushan, Manindra and Tripathi, Deepak and Yadav, Girigesh and Kumar, Lalit and Dewan, Abhinav and Kumar, Gourav}, title = {Effect of Hip Prosthesis on Photon Beam Characteristics in Radiological Physics}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1731-1738}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1731}, abstract = {Introduction: Aim of study is to investigate the effect of hip prosthesis on 6 and 15 MV photon beam energies. Materials and Methods: Prosthesis was kept at the level of tray position. The measurements were done on Varian Clinac-iX linac. Customized prosthesis, termed as Prosthetic Metal Implant (PMI) was made up of wrought austenitic stainless steel rod and covered with paraffin-wax. ‘Standard prosthesis’ was made up of wrought titanium alloy. The dose profiles were measured for three field sizes i.e. 5, 10 and 20 cm at 100 cm SSD for 6 and 15 MV energies. The perturbation index (PI) was also calculated. Results: Perturbation caused by standard prosthesis was approximately 50% higher than that of PMI. This result may be due to difference in dimension and not because of material composition. Variation of central axis dose might be due to the dimensions of PMI used for experiment which gave intermediate response (e.g. 102.1%, 141.0% and 117.7% for Open, Standard and PMI respectively for 10x10 cm2 field size, 10 cm depth and 15MV photon beam setup )as compared to the ‘open’ and ‘standard’ prosthesis. Percentage dose at 10 cm for 6MV photon increased rapidly with field-size for PMI. But, for 15MV photon, difference was not significant. Surface dose (Ds) for PMI remains significantly higher for smaller field. Conclusion: The perturbation index varied from 0.05 to 0.22 for the measured energies and gave an idea to the planner to assess the behavior of the prosthesis. This range is applicable for both type of implants and for all clinical field-sizes. The attenuation caused by the prosthesis was significant and this effect should be considered in the treatment planning calculations.}, keywords = {Prosthesis,Photon,PDD,Surface dose,Perturbation Index}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89140.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89140_7ab90a15b272aed473221e7c5192d03b.pdf} } @article { author = {Khonthun, Chakkraphong and Saikachain, Nongluk and Popluechai, Siam and Kespechara, Kongkiat and Hiranyakas, Art and Srikummool, Metawee and Surangkul, Damratsamon}, title = {Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Involved in Butyrate-Resistant Colorectal Carcinoma HCT116 Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1739-1746}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1739}, abstract = {Background: Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is usually found in cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer stem-like cells that are often regarded as the target for cancer monitoring. However, the different patterns of their transcriptomic profiling is still unclear. Objective: This study aims to illustrate the transcriptomic profile of CSCs and butyrate-resistant colorectal carcinoma cells (BR-CRCs), by comparing them with parental colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in order to identify distinguishing transcription patterns of the CSCs and BR-CRCs. Methods: Parental CRC cells HCT116 (HCT116-PT) were cultured and induced to establish the butyrate resistant cell model (HCT116-BR). Commercial enriching of the HCT116-CSCs were grown in a tumorsphere suspension culture, which was followed firstly by the assessment of butyrate tolerance using MTT and PrestoBlue. Then their gene expression profiling was analyzed by microarray. Results: The results showed that both butyrate-resistant HCT116 cells (HCT116-BR) and HCT116-CSCs were more tolerant a butyrate effects than HCT116-PT cells. Differentially expressed gene profiles exhibited that IFI27, FOXQ1, PRF1, and SLC2A3 genes were increasingly expressed in CSCs, and were dramatically overexpressed in HCT116-BR cells when compared with HCT116-PT cells. Moreover, PKIB and LOC399959 were downregulated both in HCT116-CSCs and HCT116-BR cells. Conclusion: Our findings shed light on the transcriptomic profiles of chemoresistant CRC cells. This data should be useful for further study to provide guidelines for clinical prognosis to determine the guidelines for CRC treatment, especially in patients with chemoresistance and designing novel anti-neoplastic agents.}, keywords = {butyrate,Chemoresistance,colorectal cancer,Cancer stem cells}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89141.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89141_b38aa4097ad3c27d0373ec8e7059a4f5.pdf} } @article { author = {Alamdari-Palangi, Vahab and Karami, Zahra and Karami, Hadi and Baazm, Maryam}, title = {MiRNA-7 Replacement Effect on Proliferation and Tarceva-Sensitivity in U373-MG Cell Line}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1747-1753}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1747}, abstract = {Background: Deregulation of the EGFR signaling pathway activity has been shown to can be effective in resistance to EGFR-TKIs, such as Tarceva (erlotinib), in glioblastoma cells. In addition, reports have shown that the reduction of miRNA-7 expression levels is associated with an increase in the expression of EGFR. Here, we evaluated the effect of miRNA-7 on EGFR expression and sensitivity of the U373-MG glioblastoma to erlotinib. Methods: The effect of miRNA-7 on EGFR expression was examined using RT-qPCR and western blotting. Trypan blue and MTT assays were performed to explore the effect of treatments on cell growth and survival, respectively. The combination index analysis was used to evaluate the interaction between drugs. Apoptosis was measured by ELISA cell death assay. Results: We showed that miRNA-7 markedly inhibited the expression of EGFR and decreased the growth of glioblastoma cells, relative to blank control and negative control miRNA (p < 0.05). Introduction of miRNA-7 synergistically increased the sensitivity of the U373-MG cells to erlotinib. Results of apoptosis assay demonstrated that miRNA-7 can trigger apoptosis and enhance the erlotinib-mediated apoptosis. Conclusions: Our results show that miRNA-7 plays a critical role in the growth, survival and sensitivity of the U373-MG cells to erlotinib by targeting EGFR. Thus, miRNA-7 replacement therapy can become an effective therapeutic procedure in glioblastoma.}, keywords = {Apoptosis,EGFR,erlotinib,Glioblastoma,MiRNA-7}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89126.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89126_eff56e6736ef378ee54a5e6d4185e520.pdf} } @article { author = {Aminimoghaddam, Soheila and Mahmoudzadeh, Fatemeh and Mohammadi, Marzieh}, title = {Prophylactic Chemotherapy with Methotrexate Leucovorin in High-Risk Hydatidiform Mole}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1755-1758}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1755}, abstract = {Aim: Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN) is used to describe a group of malignant gestational tumors originating from the placenta. The chance of having malignant GTN is high in a high-risk molar pregnancy. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of using prophylactic chemotherapy in high-risk molar pregnancy to prevent malignant GTN. Method: In this case-control retrospective study, all patients with high-risk mole referred to Firoozgar and Akbarabadi Hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) from 2003 to 2013 were divided into two groups of recipient and non-recipient of methotrexate prophylactic chemotherapy.Demographic information including age, parity, weight, serum βHCG before and after the intervention, level of liver function tests (LFT) and GTN were analyzed. Results: There were 102 patients with a mean age of 27.13 years (SD= 0.37), and 51 patients (50 %) received prophylactic Methotrexate (MTX), and others were the non-receivers. Finally, 23 patients (22.5%) were inflicted with GTN, and 79 (77.5 %) did not. The average time of βHCG spontaneous remission between the groups were 2.5 (SD=1.33) and 3.2 (SD=1.21), for the recipient and non-recipient, respectively, which showed a significant difference (p). Conclusion: This study concludes that prophylactic chemotherapy with MTX and leucovorin may be capable of reducing GTN, which supports the prescription of MTX in high-risk mole, especially in countries with limited resources. The toxicity of methotrexate can be reduced with the addition of leucovorin.  }, keywords = {Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,High-risk Mole,prophylactic chemotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89142.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89142_2c7c341c2440f385ecbc9a5dc902bd6e.pdf} } @article { author = {Okui, Tasuku}, title = {Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of the Sex Differences in Cancer Mortality Rates in Japan from 1995 to 2015}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1759-1765}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1759}, abstract = {Background: The current study aimed to analyze the sex differences in cancer mortality rates in Japan via an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. Methods: We used data about cancer mortality rates from 1995 to 2015 in Japan based on the Vital Statistics survey. In addition to the data about mortality from all sites of cancer, we specifically used data about stomach, lung, colorectal, and liver cancers. A Bayesian APC analysis was performed to identify changes in mortality rates based on three effects, which were as follows: age, period, and cohort. Then, we finally calculated the mortality rate ratios for each effect between men and women. Results: The sex differences in age-adjusted mortality rates for all-sites cancer, lung cancer, and liver cancer were decreasing from 1995 to 2015, and the mortality rate ratios in terms of sex decreased from 2.17 in 1995 to 1.93 in 2015. Based on the results of the APC analyses, only minimal changes were observed in the mortality rate ratios for all types of cancer between men and women during the analyzed periods. The cohort effects began to decrease from the early 20th century in all types of cancer in both men and women, and the mortality rate ratios for all types of cancer between men and women began to increase in the cohorts born from 1926 to 1935. For all-sites cancer, the ratio increased from 0.49 (0.44, 0.57) in the cohort born from 1926 to 1930 to 0.81 (0.60, 1.03) in the cohort born from 1971 to 1975. Conclusion: The sex differences in cancer mortality rates were decreasing in the more recent born generations in Japan. If this trend continues, there will be a minimal difference in the morality rates in the following generations.  }, keywords = {Cohort effects,vital statistics,mortality,cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89132.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89132_b3d74b2cdd42517a3e560e716645140f.pdf} } @article { author = {Soebhi, Terry and Yarso, Kristanto Yuli and Sobri, Farida and Budhi, Ida Bagus}, title = {Methylene Blue Absorption in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Early Breast Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1767-1771}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1767}, abstract = {Introduction: Chemotherapy is claimed to cause lymphatic drainage damage because of the tumor cell’s apoptosis process. This event might cause decreased marker (radioactive solution and/or blue dye) absorption on sentinel lymph nodes (SLN). In this study, the researchers used methylene blue only and wished to evaluate the methylene blue absorption of the SLNB procedure on early-stage breast-cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Materials and methods: The method used was the historical cohort study conducted from 2016-2019 in Indonesia. Samples were collected from 117 patients of stage I and II breast cancer with clinically negative axillary lymph nodes, who were then grouped into post-NAC and no-NAC (control group), in which SLNB procedures were conducted on the two groups by using single-method methylene blue. The results of methylene blue absorption were then analyzed by the Chi-square hypothesis test. Results: From the total of 564 early-stage patients who were referred to surgical oncologists, 117 patients were found to meet criteria of inclusion, consisting of the control group (52 patients) and the post-NAC group (65 patents). Of 65 patients who had undergone NAC treatment and SLNB procedure, it was found that 40 patients (61.5%) showed positive blue SLN. Of 52 pre-NAC breast-cancer patients, it was found that 47 patients (90.4%) showed methylene blue absorption on SLN with the p-value of 0.000 (P<0.05, significant). The relative risk value amounted to 0.522. Post-NAC patients had a tendency of decreased absorption of methylene blue. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can cause the decrease of methylene blue absorption on SLNB procedure.}, keywords = {SLN,SLNB,Methylene Blue}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89127.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89127_4f6df5177600ab4f2b343480a0491124.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammadian, Mahshid and Feizollahzadeh, Sadegh and Mahmoudi, Reza and Toofani Milani, Attabak and Rezapour-Firouzi, Soheila and Karimi Douna, Bahareh}, title = {Hsp90 Inhibitor; NVP-AUY922 in Combination with Doxorubicin Induces Apoptosis and Downregulates VEGF in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1773-1778}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1773}, abstract = {Objective: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies and leading causes of females’ mortality worldwide. Because of resistance to various treatment options, new treatments based on molecular targeting has introduced as noticeable strategies in cancer treatment. In this regard, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors are proposed as effective anticancer drugs. The goal of the study was to utilize a combination of the doxorubicin (DOX) and NVP-AUY 922 on the MCF-7 breast cancer model to investigate the possible cytotoxic mechanisms. Methods: MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was prepared and treated with various concentrations of DOX and NVP-AUY922 in single-drug treatments. We investigated the growth-inhibitory pattern by MTT assay after continuous exposure to NVP-AUY922 and DOX in order to determine dose-response. Then the combinatorial effects were evaluated in concentrations of 0.5 × IC50, 0.2 × IC50, 1 × IC50 and, 2 × IC50 of each drugs. Based on MTT results of double combinations, low effective doses were selected for Real-time PCR [caspase3 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)] and caspase 3 enzyme activity. Results: A dose-dependent inhibitory effects were presented with increasing the doses of both drugs in single treatments. The upregulation of caspase 3 and downregulation of VEGF mRNA were observed in double combinations of NVP-AUY922 and DOX versus single treatments. Also, in these combinations in low doses of examined drugs (0.5 × IC50, 0.2 × IC50), higher caspase 3 activity were presented in comparison to single treatments (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicate an effective action of NVP-AUY922 in combined with DOX in this cell line. These results can predict the treatment outcome in this model.}, keywords = {breast cancer,doxorubicin,NVP-AUY922,caspase 3,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89128.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89128_d9bfe38e64d490b2d571d3b1f0c22676.pdf} } @article { author = {Santos, Aline Souza Espindola and Martins, Amanda Alzira Friaes and Simões Gonçalves, Eline and Meyer, Armando}, title = {Mortality from Selected Cancers among Brazilian Mechanics}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1779-1786}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1779}, abstract = {Introduction: Mechanics are exposed to known human carcinogens. This study aimed to compare mortality from selected cancers between male mechanics and the general population of the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. Methods: Data on deaths, occurred between 2006-2017, among male mechanics and the general population, were obtained from the Mortality Information System. Occupations were classified using the Brazilian Classification of Occupations. Mortality Odds Ratio (MOR) and confidence intervals (95%) for selected cancers among mechanics, stratified by age (30-49, 50-69 years), race, and education compared to the general population, were estimated using logistic regression models. Results: In general, mechanics showed higher mortality from oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, lung and bladder cancers, but lower mortality for all leukemias. Oropharynx and larynx cancer mortality risk was slightly higher among older mechanics, while hypopharynx cancer mortality was more noticeable among the youngest. Lower mortality from all leukemias was observed only among younger mechanics. Mortality by oropharynx and larynx cancers were higher among white mechanics. They were also the only ones to experience higher mortality by hypopharynx cancer, while lung cancer mortality were increased only among non-white ones. Mechanics of all educational levels were more likely to die by the oropharynx cancer. Those with 1-7 and 8 or more years of schooling also showed excess of death by the cancers of larynx and all leukemias. Significantly higher mortality by pancreas cancer was only observed among mechanics with no education, while those with 1-7 years of schooling showed higher risk to die by lung and bladder cancers. Those with 8 or more years of schooling show increased mortality risk for hypopharynx cancer. Increased mortality risk for myeloid leukemia was only observed when stratified by region of residence. Conclusion: Results of our study suggest a positive association between mechanic occupation and some specific cancers.  }, keywords = {cancer,Occupational Epidemiology,Mechanics,mortality}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89129.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89129_e50ceba55ecd57d77ba78c26e08b930a.pdf} } @article { author = {Ye, Jiaxiang and Li, Haixia and Wei, Jiazhang and Luo, Yue and Liu, Hongmei and Zhang, Jinyan and Luo, Xiaoling}, title = {Risk Scoring System based on lncRNA Expression for Predicting Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Cirrhosis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1787-1795}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1787}, abstract = {Objective: This study aims to explore the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) for predicting survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with cirrhosis. Methods: A set of lncRNAs differentially expressed between HCC patients with or without cirrhosis was identified using expression profiles of The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and these lncRNAs were screened for their risk scoring system to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS). Predictive ability of risk scoring systems was confirmed using uni- and multivariate Cox analyses while adjusting for clinical features. Predictive lncRNAs were analyzed by functional enrichment analysis. Results: Our screen identified 22 lncRNAs that were upregulated in the presence of cirrhosis and 59 that were downregulated. To predict OS of HCC patients with cirrhosis, a risk scoring system was developed with four lncRNAs (LINC02086, LINC00880, LINC01549 and AC136475.3); to predict RFS in these patients, the risk scoring system contained five lncRNAs (SH3RF3-AS1, AC104117.3, AC136475.3, LINC00239 and MRPL23-AS1). All risk scoring systems were associated with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.7. Based on uni- and multivariate Cox analyses, the risk scoring system could serve as a significant independent predictor for OS in HCC patients with cirrhosis. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the lncRNAs in the risk scoring systems are involved primarily in the pathway of Wnt signal and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Conclusion: Risk scoring systems based on lncRNAs can effectively predict OS of HCC patients with cirrhosis. The system should be further developed and validated in larger, preferably multi-site patient populations.  }, keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,cirrhosis,long non-coding RNA,survival}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89130.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89130_e87897daab64e95961e8a7acdbfbd417.pdf} } @article { author = {Kimura, Yusuke and Kaneko, Rena and Yano, Yuichiro and Kamada, Kentaro and Ikehara, Takashi and Nagai, Hidenari and Sato, Yuzuru and Igarashi, Yoshinori}, title = {The Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Sorafenib in Combination with TACE}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1797-1804}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1797}, abstract = {Objective: Sorafenib have been shown to be effective in the treatment of advanced HCC and has been standard therapy since its release in Japan in 2009 (Llovet et al., 2008; Cheng et al., 2009). However, due to a low response rate, more aggressive combination treatment has been utilized as a multimodal strategy. The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of sorafenib alone and in combination with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of advanced HCC. Methods: All patients with unresectable advanced HCC who were prescribed sorafenib at Kanto Rosai Hospital were included in the study. Five-year overall survival (OS) rates were estimated for patients treated with sorafenib alone or in combination with TACE. Multivariate and univariate regression analyses were performed to identify factors affecting OS. Analysis using propensity score matching and inverse-probability weights were also performed. Results: A total of 46 patients were treated with sorafenib up to June 2018. The total sorafenib dose administered was higher in the TACE combination group (70900 mg vs. 24000 mg vs. with sorafenib alone), although the relative dose intensity was lower (11.7% vs. 17.6%, respectively). The 5-year survival prognosis estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method was longer in patients treated with sorafenib in combination with TACE versus sorafenib alone (36.3% vs. 7.7%). Combination with TACE was the only factor associated with improved OS in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Among cases matched by propensity scores the hazard rate for combination with TACE was 0.067 (95% CI 0.091-1.128). Conclusion: With an array of therapeutic options currently available, it is important to determine the efficacy of different multimodal strategies, such as sorafenib combined TACE, for patients with unresectable HCC.}, keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,sorafenib,transcatheter chemoembolization,tyrosine kinase inhibitor,propensity score matching}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89136.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89136_cf8aacffa9e346f25e69f60a94bf76d8.pdf} } @article { author = {Sakr, Amr and Hashem, Wedad Bassam and Ebrahim, Nadia and Mashhour, Karim Nabil}, title = {Randomized Pilot Study of 20 Gy in 5 Fractions versus 27 Gy in 3 Fractions Radiotherapy for Treating Painful Bone Metastases: A Single Institution Experience}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1807-1811}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1807}, abstract = {Purpose: Radiotherapy is a very effective tool in the treatment of painful bone metastases. The aim of this study was to compare the palliative effect of radiotherapy between the standard fractionation schedule 20 Gy over 5 fractions (20Gy/5fr) and the high biological dose schedule 27 Gy over 3 fractions (27Gy/3fr) which is frequently used in Stereotactic body radio-surgery (SBRT). Methods: Patients were randomized to receive (20Gy/5fr)or (27Gy/3fr). The primary aim of the study was pain relief using the numeric rating scale (NRS), after three months of radiation therapy. Secondary end points include pain relief immediately after finishing radiation therapy (within one week), and narcotic relief after three months of radiation therapy. Results: Twenty-two patients with painful bone metastases were included. 12 patients received (20Gy/5fr) and 10 patients received (27Gy/3fr). Male patients were predominant on both arms (81.8%) with a mean age of 58 years [ranging between 19-72 years]. For pain relief after three months of radiation therapy, partial pain relief was documented in 9 patients (75%) with (20Gy/5fr) and in 8 patients (80%) with (27Gy/3fr) with a p- value of 0.6. Additionally, narcotic relief after three months was equal for both groups. For immediate pain relief, partial pain relief was seen in one patient (8%) with (20Gy/5fr) versus seven patients (70%) with (27Gy/3fr) with a p value of 0.06. The increase in immediate pain relief in the 27Gy arm was numerically but not statistically significant. Conclusion: SBRT and standard fractionation radiation therapy had equal effectiveness for pain relief, when the assessment was done after three months of radiation therapy. Interestingly, SBRT had a better immediate pain relief.   }, keywords = {palliative radiotherapy,Bone metastases,Stereotactic body radiosurgery,Hypofractionation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89133.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89133_839e34ff22fd1ebd0c95119047faba82.pdf} } @article { author = {Gandhi, Aagna and Samuel, Stephen Rajan and Kumar, K Vijaya and Saxena, PU Prakash and Mithra, Prasanna}, title = {Effect of a Pedometer-based Exercise Program on Cancer Related Fatigue and Quality of Life amongst Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1813-1818}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1813}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer amongst Indian women. Cancer treatments leads to various side effects out of which Cancer-Related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most under-addressed side-effects. It is experienced the most in patients receiving chemotherapy. Exercise has been proven to be a beneficial intervention to manage CRF but the benefits of pedometer-based exercise programs is under-studied in patients with breast cancer. Hence, we set out to investigate the effects of a pedometer-based exercise program for patients with breast receiving chemotherapy. Methods: The current study was a non-randomized controlled trial with 22 patients each in exercise and control group. The exercise group received a pedometer-based walking program, whereas the control group received standard physical activity advice. Fatigue, quality of life, functional capacity and body composition were assessed at baseline, 3rd week and 7th week. Results: At the end of 7 weeks intervention, functional capacity, quality of life and skeletal mass were found to have improved with statistical significance, while the fatigue and changes in total fat did improve but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: A 7-week pedometer-based exercise program improved functional capacity, quality of life and percentage of skeletal mass and also shows to have prevented deterioration in fatigue levels in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy.}, keywords = {breast cancer,fatigue,Pedometer,Exercise,Quality of Life}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89134.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89134_14055f504c147e9a707be73617c55511.pdf} } @article { author = {Sanaei, Masumeh and Kavoosi, Fraidoon}, title = {Investigation of the Effect of Zebularine in Comparison to and in Combination with Trichostatin A on p21Cip1/Waf1/ Sdi1, p27Kip1, p57Kip2, DNA Methyltransferases and Histone Deacetylases in Colon Cancer LS 180 Cell Line}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1819-1828}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1819}, abstract = {Background: The heart of the cell cycle regulatory machine is a group of enzymes named cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). The active form of these enzymes includes a kinase and its partner, a cyclin. The regulation of cyclin-Cdk complexes is provided by Cdk inhibitors (CKIs) such as Cip/Kip family comprising p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2. The hypermethylation and deacetylation of Cip/Kip gene family seem to be frequent in numerous cancers. It has been indicated that increased expression of DNMTs and HDACs contributes to cancer induction. Previously, we reported the effect of DNA demethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors on histone deacetylase 1, DNA methyltransferase 1, and CIP/KIP family in colon cancer. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of zebularine in comparison to and in combination with trichostatin A (TSA) on p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, p57Kip2, DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, 3a and 3b) and histone deacetylases (HDAC1, 2, and 3) genes expression, cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in colon cancer LS 180 cell line. Materials and Methods: The colon cancer LS 180 cell line was cultured and treated with zebularine and TSA. To determine cell viability, apoptosis, and the relative expression level of the genes, MTT assay, cell apoptosis assay, and qRT-PCR were done respectively. Results: Both compounds significantly inhibited cell growth, and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, both compounds increased p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2 significantly. Additionally, zebularine and TSA decreased DNMTs and HDACs gene expression respectively. Conclusion: The zebularine and TSA can reactivate the CIP/KIP family through inhibition of DNMTs and HDACs genes activity.  }, keywords = {Zebularine,trichostatin,TSGs,Colon cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89138.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89138_dcbb96dc4ebb5d146061b5564201227d.pdf} } @article { author = {Bae, Jong-Myon}, title = {Serum Folate Levels and Lung Cancer Risk: A Meta- Epidemiological Study of Population-based Case-Control Studies}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1829-1833}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1829}, abstract = {Objective: While it has been claimed that lung cancer occurs due to epigenetic mechanisms, four systematic reviews were reported to investigate the association between serum folate levels and lung cancer risk. Considering some methodological problems founded in the systematic review, a meta-epidemiological study was conducted. Methods: The selection criteria of this study were defined that a case-control study was conducted to determine the risk of lung cancer occurrence according to the concentration of serum folate and its results showed odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval. Additional paper was explored from cited lists of 4 papers selected by previous systematic reviews. Random effect model was applied if I-squared value was over 50%. Results: For 5 case-control studies selected, the summary odds ratios (and their 95% confidence intervals) were 0.82 (0.74-0.90) in men, 0.70 (0.62-0.79) in former smokers, and 0.86 (0.75-1.00) in non-smokers. Conclusion: Higher foliate levels can decrease lung cancer risk in men and former smokers. Especially, the protective effect was highest in former smokers compared in non-smokers and current smokers. Based on these facts, folate fortification programs to reduce lung cancer risk would be focused on former smokers in men. And some epidemiological studies are needed to provide a hypothesis to explain the sex differences in the association between folate and lung cancer risk.}, keywords = {Folic acid,Lung neoplasm,Systematic review,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89135.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89135_315935e89bd276004a60a443f9dcad0f.pdf} } @article { author = {Rittitit, Attapong and Promthet, Supannee and Suwanrungruang, Krittika and Jenwitheesuk, Kriangsak and Santong, Chalongpon and Vatanasapt, Patravoot}, title = {Factors Associated with Time Intervals for Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer: A Hospital Based Study in Khon Kaen, Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1835-1840}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1835}, abstract = {Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the five-leading cancers in Thailand. Delayed diagnosis is crucial for undermining the prognosis of the patients. This study aims to evaluate the factors associated with the time interval for diagnosis (TID). Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study of 191 CRC patients with histological confirmation who were undergoing treatment in the tertiary hospital in Khon Kaen Province was conducted. The data were obtained by interview and retrieving from medical records. The time interval in each diagnostic process is reported in geometric mean. The geometric mean ratio (GMR) used to interpret the results from multiple linear regressions that analyze the relationship between factors and log-transformed TID. Results: Most patients were males (61.78%) with  mean age of 61.28±10.2 years old. The geometric mean of TID was 263.48 days. Two factors were significantly associated with longer TID: first visit at a tertiary hospital (GMR=7.77 relative to secondary hospital; 95%CI=1.95 to 30.57) and distance to tertiary healthcare. Two factors were significantly associated with shorter TID: officer/ state enterprise (GMR=0.53 relative to agriculture; 95%CI=0.28 to 0.98) and cost of traveling to secondary healthcare. Conclusions: The results showed the occupation, first health care visit, distance and cost were factors associated with TID. Improving the facilities at the secondary healthcare units for diagnosing CRC would be likely to help to reduce the  wasted time in the  healthcare system.}, keywords = {Time intervals,delay diagnosis,colorectal cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89146.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89146_8630dd48db4c57d10ef39dc75d498d8f.pdf} } @article { author = {Amiri-Dashatan, Nasrin and Koushki, Mehdi and Jalilian, Ali and Ahmadi, Nayeb Ali and Rezaei Tavirani, Mostafa}, title = {Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs Identified Potential Biomarkers of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1841-1848}, year = {2020}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.6.1841}, abstract = {Background: Oral cancer is a frequently encountered neoplasm of the head and neck region, being the eighth most common type of human malignancy worldwide. Despite improvement in its control, morbidity and mortality, rates have improved little in the past decades. The present investigations about gene interaction and pathways still could not clear the appearance and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), completely. The aim of this study is to investigate the key genes and microRNAs interaction in OSCC. Materials and Methods: The microarray datasets GSE13601 and GSE98463, including mRNA and miRNA profiles, were extracted from the GEO database and were analyzed using GEO2R. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed by using the DAVID database. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and analyzed using STRING database and Cytoscape software, respectively. Finally, miRDB was applied to predict the targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Results: Totally, 97 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in OSCC, including 66 up-regulated and 31 down-regulated genes. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed that up-regulated genes were significantly enriched in movement of cell or subcellular component, cell adhesion, biological adhesion, cellular localization, apoptotic signaling pathway, while the down-regulated genes were enriched in muscle system process and oxidation-reduction process. From the PPI network, the top 10 nodes with the highest degree were detected as hub genes. In addition, 18 DEMs were screened, which included 7 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated miRNAs. STAT1 was potentially targeted by three miRNAs, including has-miR-6825-5P, has-miR-4495, and has-miR-5580-3P. Conclusion: The roles of DEMs such as hsa-mir-5580-3p in OSCC through interactions with DEGs CD44, ACLY, ACTR3, STAT1, LAMC2 and YWHAZ may offer a suitable candidate biomarker pattern for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment processes in OSCC.  }, keywords = {oral squamous cell carcinoma,microarray analysis,DEGs,miRNA,Protein–protein interaction network}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89147.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89147_b3b4ed0d192ef2c35d5df03d34c111c6.pdf} }