@article { author = {Yi, Zhenghui and Wang, Linjie and Tu, Xiangqun}, title = {Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on Liver Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {991-997}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.991}, abstract = {Epidemiological studies have showed that vitamin D deficiency can increase the risk of liver cancers. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and liver cancer risk. Methods: Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, and Embase were searched up to Mar. 2020, and the references of those studies were also searched by hand. A meta-analysis of 11 studies was performed which met the inclusion criteria. Six case–control studies and five cohort studies were included. Results: A total of 11 studies (6 case–control and 5 cohort studies) with 12,895 incident cases were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that liver cancer risk was significantly increased for vitamin D deficiency, and the pooled RR and its 95% CIs was 2.16 (1.2, 3.88; P = 0.01). In comparative analyses between 25(OH)D levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and those in the control group individuals, the summary RR of liver cancer was -1.11 (95% CI=-1.96 to -0.25). The subgroup analysis of the different geographical region of the population showed that the risk of liver cancer in Asian subgroup, European subgroup and Egyptian subgroup increased for vitamin D deficiency (RR=1.34,95% CI 0.72 to 2.48, p <0.00001; RR=2.53,95% CI 1.62 to 3.93,p <0.0001;RR=29.5,95% CI 4.14 to 209.93, P=0.88). Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis indicate that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of liver cancer. The 25(OH)D3 levels are lower in HCC patients than those in health controls. Maintenance of sufficient serum vitamin D levels would be beneficial for prevention of liver cancer.}, keywords = {25-hydroxyvitamin D,Liver cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89572.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89572_afa407dca602ad74449bef1a8d97715d.pdf} } @article { author = {Sabeena, Sasidharanpillai and Ravishankar, Nagaraja}, title = {Role of microRNAs in Predicting the Prognosis of Cervical Cancer Cases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {999-1006}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.999}, abstract = {Aim: There is growing evidence for the possible use of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancers as diagnostic as well as prognostic biomarkers in the present era of Personalized Medicine. The objective of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prognostic role of microRNAs in uterine cervical cancers. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out searching electronic databases for published articles between January 2009 and August 2020 based on standard systematic review guidelines. Meta-analysis was performed by pooling the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the prognostic value of deregulated miRNAs by the random-effects model. Results: In the present meta-analysis, the aberrant expression of 14 microRNAs in 1,526 uterine cervical cancer cases before definitive therapy from 14 case-control studies were assessed. The pooled HR of two miRNAs, miRNA-155 and miRNA-224 which were upregulated in cervical cancer tissues was 1.76 (95% CI 1.27-2.45) revealing significant association with overall poor survival. Meanwhile, the pooled HR was 1.53 (95% CI 0.94-2.94) when all the deregulated miRNAs in cervical cancer tissues were evaluated. The pooled HR of downregulated miRNAs was 1.46 (95% CI 0.81, 2.64). Meanwhile, the pooled HR of three upregulated miRNAs-425-5p, 196a, 205 in the serum sample was 1.37 (95% CI 0.45 -4.20). Conclusion: The downregulation of aberrant miRNAs was not associated with poor overall survival rates.}, keywords = {Cervical cancer,miRNA,MicroRNA,Prognosis,Overall survival}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89548.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89548_419ba9524c89e3e75275c1e29d77017b.pdf} } @article { author = {Agodirin, Olayide and Aremu, Isiaka and Rahman, Ganiyu and Olatoke, Samuel and Olaogun, Julius and Akande, Halimat and Romanoff, Anya}, title = {Determinants of Delayed Presentation and Advanced-Stage Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1007-1017}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1007}, abstract = {Background/Objective: Breast cancer (BC) mortality is exceptionally high in Africa due to late presentation and advanced-stage diagnosis. Previous studies examining barriers to early BC presentation are markedly inconsistent, showing conflicting findings within and between African regions, making resource allocation and designing interventional campaigns challenging. Our objective was to assess the strength or magnitude of the association between determinants/risk factors and delayed presentation/advanced-stage diagnosis of BC in Africa. Methods: Electronic searches in PubMed, AJOL, Google, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and PubMed Central found eligible articles between 2000 and 2020. The meta-analytical procedure in Meta-XL used the quality effect model. I-squared (I2) above 75% indicated high heterogeneity. The summary effect size was the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The effect of socio-economic and demographic determinants on delay varies across African regions. Low level of education (1.63, 95% CI 1.01-2.63), and not performing breast self examination (BSE) (13.59, 95% CI 3.33-55.4) were significantly associated with delayed presentation. Younger patients had more significant delays in West Africa (WA, 1.41, 95%CI 1.08-1.85), and the reverse occurred in North Africa (0.68, 95%CI 0.48-0.97). Lack of BC knowledge (1.59, 95% CI 1.29-1.97), not performing BSE, or no history of undergoing clinical breast examination (CBE) (2.45, 95% CI 1.60-3.40), were associated with advanced-stage disease at diagnosis. Older patients had significantly more advanced disease in WA, and the reverse occurred in South Africa. Aggressive molecular BC subtypes [Triple negative (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.27-2.06) or HER2 positive (1.56, 95% CI 1.10-2.23)] were significant determinants of advanced-stage diagnosis. Conclusion: Promoting early presentation and reducing advanced-stage BC throughout Africa should focus on modifiable factors, including providing quality education, improving breast health awareness and BC knowledge, and developing strategies to increase BSE and CBE. Interventions targeting socio-demographic determinants should be context-specific.}, keywords = {breast cancer,delay,Advanced-stage,Africa,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89562.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89562_f10bae5bc32434474b8619c5cd2a5ce8.pdf} } @article { author = {Ashkboos, Maryam and Nikbakht, Mehdi and Zarinfard, Giti and Soleimani, Mitra}, title = {RET Protein Expression in Colorectal Cancer; An Immunohistochemical Assessment}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1019-1023}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1019}, abstract = {Background: RET (rearranged during transfection) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase and a receptor for the GDNF-family ligands. It plays the role of a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. Therefore, it is expected that RET gene becomes downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we evaluated immuno-histochemical expression of RET in CRC and assessed its correlation with some of the clinicopathological features to study the prognostic value in CRC. Materials and Methods: In total, 60 cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) from the patients who underwent surgical gastroenterology operations were randomly selected. The samples included one tumor-rich section per case and one adjacent tumor-free section as the normal control for that case. Then, immunohistochemistry (ICH) was performed for RET on all the samples and the expression of RET was analyzed. Furthermore, the correlation of RET with clinicopathological features including age, gender, location of the tumor, grade, and stage was evaluated. Results: The expression of RET caused significant downregulation in cancer samples compared to the normal control ones (P = 0.002). This downregulation increased in correlation to both grade and metastasis to lymph nodes (P = 0.03 & 0.02 respectively). However, no correlation was found between the expression of RET and gender as well as location of the tumor. Conclusion: RET may be considered as a protein marker in CRC detection and prognosis.}, keywords = {CRC,MBD1,clinicopathological features,ICH}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89571.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89571_349fe3a2b1d7300b39debd8d80789d21.pdf} } @article { author = {Obaya, Ahmed and Mohammed, Amrallah and Rashied, Hanaa and Morsy, Adel Mahmoud and Osman, Gamal and Allam, Ahmed S and Elsayed, Ahmed and Harb, Ola and Elsayed, Walid S H}, title = {Evaluating the value of Amphiregulin, Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue (PTEN) and P21 Expression for Anti-EGFR Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1025-1034}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1025}, abstract = {Background: Despite the significant progress in target therapy for the treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC), the overall survival isn’t satisfactory. Methods: We assessed the expression of Amphiregulin, PTEN, and P21 in sections from 23 paraffin blocks prepared from 23 patients with left-sided mCRC using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relationship between their level of expressions, clinicopathological parameters, response to anti-EGFR, and prognosis were analyzed. Results: High Amphiregulin, PTEN and low P21 expression levels were associated with low tumor grade (p= 0.038 and 0.025 respectively), better response to anti-EGFR treatment (p <0.001), and favorable outcome {progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)} (p <0.05). There was a direct relation between Amphiregulin and PTEN expressions (phi coefficient=+0.840), while there was an inverse relation between P21expression and both Amphiregulin (phi coefficient= -0.840) and PTEN expressions (phi coefficient = -1.000), which was statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusion: High Amphiregulin and PTEN expression levels and low P21 expression levels were associated with better response to anti-EGFR therapy and improved survival outcome. They might be considered predictive markers of response to anti-EGFR therapy in mCRC.  }, keywords = {Anti-EGFR treatment, Metastatic Colorectal carcinoma,Amphiregulin, PTEN,p21}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89540.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89540_323a5d6491e30b6db68e1433844dd956.pdf} } @article { author = {Aladle, Doaa Abd Allah M and Ghannam, Mayada and El-Ashwah, Shaimaa and Ghobrial, F E I and Mortada, Metwaly}, title = {Association of SDF-1 Gene Polymorphism with Increased Risk of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1035-1043}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1035}, abstract = {Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous group of disorders that emerge from the malignant transformation of hematopoietic stem cells. Chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1(SDF-1) and its receptor CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) has an essential role in dissemination of blast cells. Study aimed to detect CXCR4 expression and the SDF-1 (rs1801157) gene polymorphisms and correlate them with prognosis and outcome in AML patients. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on 60 de-novo AML patients, and 60 healthy controls. SDF-1 (rs1801157) gene polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and CXCR4 expression was done using flow cytometry analysis. Results: SDF-1 dominant model (AG+AA) had higher risk AML (p 0.002). CXCR4positive cases were associated significantly with toxic manifestations (p 0.019), lower CR rates (p 0.004), and unfavorable cytogenetics (p 0.027). Multivariate analysis showed that combined CXCR4positive with dominant SDF-1 considered as independent prognostic factor for shorter overall survival (OS) in AML patients (p 0.031). Conclusion: SDF-1 dominant model had a higher risk to develop AML, and CXCR4 positive expression predicts poor prognosis in AML patients and it could represent a targeted therapy in AML. In addition, CXCR4 could be easily integrated into the initial routine diagnostic work up of AML.  }, keywords = {AML,Flowcytometry,CXCR4,PCR-RFLP}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89541.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89541_9f1d1942d7dafc5799afa80aad0ef401.pdf} } @article { author = {Omer, Mohamed Elamin and Abu Bakar, Mohd and Adam, Mohd and Mustafa, Mohd}, title = {Utilization of a Mixture Cure Rate Model based on the Generalized Modified Weibull Distribution for the Analysis of Leukemia Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1045-1053}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1045}, abstract = {Objective: Cure rate models are survival models, commonly applied to model survival data with a cured fraction. In the existence of a cure rate, if the distribution of survival times for susceptible patients is specified, researchers usually prefer cure models to parametric models. Different distributions can be assumed for the survival times, for instance, generalized modified Weibull (GMW), exponentiated Weibull (EW), and log-beta Weibull. The purpose of this study is to select the best distribution for uncured patients’ survival times by comparing the mixture cure models based on the GMW distribution and its particular cases. Materials and Methods: A data set of 91 patients with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) followed for five years from 1982 to 1987 was chosen for fitting the mixture cure model. We used the maximum likelihood estimation technique via R software 3.6.2 to obtain the estimates for parameters of the proposed model in the existence of cure rate, censored data, and covariates. For the best model choice, the Akaike information criterion (AIC) was implemented. Results: After comparing different parametric models fitted to the data, including or excluding cure fraction, without covariates, the smallest AIC values were obtained by the EW and the GMW distributions, (953.31/969.35) and (955.84/975.99), respectively. Besides, assuming a mixture cure model based on GMW with covariates, an estimated ratio between cure fractions for allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplant groups (and its 95% confidence intervals) were 1.42972 (95% CI: 1.18614 - 1.72955). Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that the EW and the GMW distributions are the best choices for the survival times of Leukemia patients.  }, keywords = {Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia,Cure fraction model,Maximum likelihood estimation,Right-censored data,Survival Analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89542.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89542_fc0852fc56cca7df67c874001b215aea.pdf} } @article { author = {Md Yusof, Khairunnisa’ and Mahmud, Rozi and Abdullah, Maha and Avery-Kiejda, Kelly A. and Rosli, Rozita}, title = {Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) in Malaysian Breast Cancer Survivors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1055-1061}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1055}, abstract = {Introduction: The survival rate of female breast cancer survivors has been reported to be higher than other types of cancer in Malaysia. Nonetheless, breast cancer survivors face new challenges from unwanted side effects of treatment or management such as fatigue, psychological disturbance, or arm swelling, which can lead to the decline of quality of life (QOL). This study aims to adapt the Malay version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) to evaluate the QOL and to test its reliability and validity in Malaysian breast cancer survivors. Methods: The Malay version of the FACT-B, with Disabilities of Arms, Shoulders and Hands (DASH), and Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety-Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS) were distributed to female breast cancer survivors which were recruited on a voluntary basis, from cancer support groups based in selected states in Malaysia. Reliability was assessed based on internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), whereas concurrent validity was examined by comparing domains in FACT-B with DASH and PHQ-ADS. Finally, total scores of each domain were analysed between lymphedema and without lymphedema groups for known-group validity. Results: A total of 113 breast cancer survivors agreed to participate (response rate = 100%) in the study. Our results showed that the Cronbach’s α value for Malay FACT-B is 0.88, and each domain ranged from 0.62 to 0.88. A strong correlation was found between the physical well-being domain of FACT-B with DASH. Meanwhile, the breast cancer scale (BCS) displayed significant correlation with the instrument, Patient Health Questionnaire- Anxiety Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS), indicating that multiple factors including psychological distress were measured in the BCS domain. Furthermore, the instrument was able to detect differences in physical, functional and QOL between participants from lymphedema and without lymphedema groups. Conclusion: The Malay version of the FACT-B demonstrated reliable properties and is effective in assessing QOL and can be applied in Malaysian breast cancer survivors.}, keywords = {QOL,breast cancer,FACT-B,Malay version,Validity}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89555.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89555_dd06ef49da585932fc6d648220deafa0.pdf} } @article { author = {Lahmadi, Mohamed and Beddar, Leila and Rouibah, Amira Lyna and Boumegoura, Ali and Boufendi, Houda and Temim, Asma and Nini, Anissa and Sellam, Feriel and Satta, Dalila}, title = {Analysis of EGFR Mutation Status in Algerian Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1063-1068}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1063}, abstract = {Background and objective: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status is used as a predictive biomarker for the tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The incidence of EGFR mutations appears to vary according to ethnic and geographical backgrounds. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the EGFR mutation status in Algerian NSCLC patients and its association with clinicopathological features. Methods: We examined the presence of EGFR mutations (Exons 19-21) in 58 unselected  NSCLC samples using PCR followed by direct sequencing. Results: The present study included 53 (91.4%) men and 5 (8.6%) women, with a median age of 59 (ranging from 44 to 94 years old). EGFR mutations were detected in 23 patients, with an overall rate of 39.6%. There were 21 (91.3%) cases with the exon-21 L585R single mutation and two (8.7%) with dual mutations of exon-19 deletions and L585R. EGFR mutations were more frequently found in patients with confirmed adenocarcinoma (14/27, 51.8%) than in non-adenomatous NCSCL subtypes (3/14, 21.4%; p=0.03). Furthermore, early stages of the disease were significantly associated with a higher rate of EGFR mutations (14/27, 51.8%) compared with those at  advanced stage (5/21, 23.8%; p=0.02). There were no significant differences in EGFR mutation frequency by age, gender, or smoking status. Conclusion: We found that Algerian NSCLC patients exhibited a high rate of EGFR mutations, which was quite similar to that in Asians population rather than Caucasian patients. Thus, TKI-based treatments may be more beneficial for Algerian patients with NSCLC. Further studies using a large number of patients are required to confirm our preliminary findings.}, keywords = {non-small cell lung cancer,mutations,EGFR gene,Algeria}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89543.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89543_5684aa77ac377960186ac7cb976d4737.pdf} } @article { author = {Panaampon, Jutatip and Sasamoto, Kenichi and Kariya, Ryusho and Okada, Seiji}, title = {Establishment of Nude Mice Lacking NK Cells and Their Application for Human Tumor Xenografts}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1069-1074}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1069}, abstract = {Objective: Nude mice are used as a recipient for human tumor cell xenografts. However, the success rate of xenotransplantation is unsatisfactory due to high natural killer (NK) activity. To overcome this limitation, we established nude mice with no NK cells, and compared the transplantation efficiency with that in nude mice. Methods: BALB/c Nude Jak3-/- (Nude-J) mice were established by crossing BALB/c Nude mice and BALB/c Jak-3-/- mice. Hematopoietic malignant cell lines (BCBL-1 and Z138) were implanted subcutaneously to compare the tumorigenicity in Nude-J mice with Nude Rag-2/Jak3 double deficient (Nude RJ) mice and nude mice. Results: Nude-J mice showed complete loss of NK and T lymphocytes, whereas B lymphocytes remained. Both BCBL-1 and Z138 human lymphoid malignant cell lines formed almost the same sizes of subcutaneous tumors in Nude-J and Nude RJ mice, whereas they formed no or only small tumors in nude mice. Splenocytes from Nude-J mice showed no cytotoxic activity in vitro. Conclusion: Nude-J mice can be a valuable tool for human tumor cell transplantation studies.  }, keywords = {nude mice,Jak3 deficient mice,natural killer cells,xenotransplantation,immunocompromised mice}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89556.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89556_63fd4bdd9947ba5fd90f21be2dd94a88.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Nuaimi, Abdelrahman and Al-Hiari, Yusuf and Kasabri, Violet and Haddadin, Randa and Mamdooh, Noor and Alalawi, Sundus and Khaleel, Sara}, title = {A Novel Class of Functionalized Synthetic Fluoroquinolones with Dual Antiproliferative - Antimicrobial Capacities}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1075-1086}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1075}, abstract = {As vosaroxin as a fluoroquinolone (FQ) had anticancer effectiveness; this study aimed to screen new lipophilic FQs for their dual antimicrobial-antiproliferative activities. Using sulforhodamine B assay; 36 lipophilic FQs have been screened for antimicrobial propensities against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans vs. the respective references ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. They were also explored against a battery of cancer cell lines. Normal periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDL) were tested for safety examination in comparison to the cisplatin. Reduced FQ compound 4g (R-2, 4-DMeOACA) highly scored nanomolar potency with MIC value of 0.004 µM against gram-positive bacteria. The highest activity of the 36 lipophilic FQs was noted on Leukaemia K562, cervical HELA and pancreatic PANC-1 cancer cell lines with respective IC50 value of 0.005 µM for compound R-4-BuACA (4e), 0.40 µM with CHxCA (7a) and 0.11 µM for R-4-HxACA (4f). Tested FQs exhibited cytotoxicity in A549 lung cancer, MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. The reduced 4e and 4f compounds have shown nanomolar inhibition against K562 (as of 4e), PANC-1 and MCF-7 (as of 4f) with IC50 values of 0.005, 0.11 and 0.30 µM, respectively. Succinctly FQs’ dual gram-positive antibacterial-antineoplastic capacities expand on of drug design scaffolds in lead generation.  }, keywords = {Quinolones,Fluoroquinolones,Triazoloquinolones,Sulphorodhamine B,Cisplatin and cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89544.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89544_5fadc2f65f85eec2d56aed84f242fa47.pdf} } @article { author = {Gade, Isaac Silvère and Tagne Simo, Richard and Chadeneau, Corinne and Seite, Paule and Vannier, Brigitte and Atchade, Alex de Theodore and Seke Etet, Paul F. and Talla, Emmanuel and Nwabo Kamdje, Armel H. and Muller, Jean-Marc}, title = {Anticancer Activity of Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm on Glioblastoma and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1087-1093}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1087}, abstract = {Background: Cancer incidence has been growing in an alarming rate worldwide and new therapeutics are needed, particularly for intractable and chemoresistant cases. We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm (Combretaceae) on glioblastoma (U87MG and C6) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines. Methods: The cytotoxic effect of the methanolic extract of the stem bark of Combretum fragrans was assessed using XTT (2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide) test. Expressions of Akt and ERK1/2 were determined using Western blot technique, while Caspase-3/7 kits were used to evaluate caspase-3/7 activity. Results: C. fragrans extract inhibited the proliferation of U87 (IC50 = 20.13 µg/mL), C6 (IC50 = 12.17 µg/mL), and PC-3 (IC50 = 11.50 µg/mL) cells. Treatment with the extract resulted in lower levels (p < 0.001) of phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Akt in U87 cells, and instead, higher levels of phospho-ERK1/2 (p < 0.001) in C6 and PC-3 cells. An increase in caspase-3/7 activity was observed, mainly after 24 hours of treatment, indicating the activation of apoptotic processes. Conclusion: Altogether, these results suggest that C. fragrans have potent anticancer properties. This plant should be further investigated for developing new anticancer drugs. }, keywords = {Combretum fragrans,cancer cells,Apoptosis,ERK1/2,Akt}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89545.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89545_9a9be4f915bee94db7310c27a32a2aa9.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Khashab, Iman}, title = {Antiangiogenic and Proapoptotic Activities of Atorvastatin and Ganoderma lucidum in Tumor Mouse Model via VEGF and Caspase-3 Pathways}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1095-1104}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1095}, abstract = {Background: The statin drug Atorvastatin (AT) used for cholesterol reduction and Ganoderma lucidum (Gl) mushroom extract exhibited satisfactory antitumor activities towards various types of cancer. Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the apoptotic and antiangiogenic effects of Atorvastatin and/or Ganoderma lucidum against Ehrlich solid tumor inoculated in female mice. Materials and Methods: Atorvastatin (AT) or/and Ganoderma lucidum (Gl) extract were administered to mice bearing tumor alternatively for 28 days after 10 days of tumor cells inoculation. Mice were divided into 5 equal groups as follows: Control (C): Normal mice, Ehrlich (E): mice injected in thigh with EAC cells, (E+AT): mice bearing solid tumor that received an intraperitoneal dose of Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg). Group (4): (E+Gl): mice bearing solid tumor that received an oral dose of Ganoderma lucidum (28 mg/kg) Group (5):  (E+AT+Gl): mice bearing solid tumor that received intraperitoneal dose of Atorvastatin and oral dose of Ganoderma lucidum. Results: showed that administration of Atorvastatin and/or Ganoderma lucidum to mice bearing tumor, reduced tumor size, increased MDA level and decreased GSH, SOD and CAT levels in tumor tissues. Histopathological study showed high attenuation in tumor cells associated with antiangiogenesis illustrated by extravasation of blood vessels between tumor cells. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated high reduction of the angiogenic marker Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with remarkable increase of the apoptotic protein markers cytochrome-c and caspase-3.  Conclusion: Atorvastatin and Ganoderma lucidum may have anticancer, apoptotic and antiangiogenic activities by reducing tumor growth in Ehrlich solid tumor. Their antitumor effect is exerted through the antiangiogenesis effect in tumor cells which is confirmed by the decrease of the angiogenic marker (VEGF protein) as well as by inducing significant increase in the apoptotic protein markers cytochrome-c and caspase-3. It is noticeable that the antitumor activity is ameliorated by the combination of the two treatments.}, keywords = {caspase-3,VEGF,Apoptosis,Atorvastatin,Ganoderma lucidum}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89546.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89546_6ad9a9d6bab3d30dae55ba86906499f5.pdf} } @article { author = {Aboushousha, Tarek and Emad, Marine and Rizk, Gina and Ragab, Khaled and Hammam, Olfat and Fouad, Rabab and Helal, Noha}, title = {IL-4, IL-17 and CD163 Immunoexpression and IL-6 Gene Polymorphism in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients and Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1105-1113}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1105}, abstract = {Objective: To assess the expression of IL-4, IL-17 and CD-163 as well as study of IL6-572 C/G gene polymorphism in chronic HCV and HCC on top of HCV. Methods: Sixty HCC specimens and 60 adjacent hepatic tissue with HCV of different grades of necro-inflammation and different stages of fibrosis. In addition to 55 HCV, 60 HCC and 50 healthy venous blood samples for evaluation of IL6-572 C/G gene polymorphism. Results: high expression of IL-4, IL-17 and CD163 in higher grades of activity, late stages of fibrosis and higher degrees of steatosis of HCV. IL-4 and CD163 showed higher expression in advanced grades of HCC, while IL-17 more expressed in lower grades. No significant difference in IL6-572 C/G gene polymorphism among studied groups regarding G/C, G/G, C/C frequencies or G and C allele’s frequencies. Conclusion: IL-4, IL-17 and CD163 were associated with HCV severity. Their expression in HCC suggests their important role in HCC development. Blocking of these proteins may be a good target to control inflammation in HCV and can hinder progression to cirrhosis then to HCC. On the other hand, IL6-572 promoter gene polymorphism is neither associated with HCV infection nor with HCC development and its progression.  }, keywords = {IL-4,IL-17,CD136,IL-6,HCV}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89547.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89547_63a81789f13b3ca264e2abc55a9625b5.pdf} } @article { author = {Ehsan, Nermine and Mosbeh, Asmaa and Elkhadry, Sally and Gomaa, Asmaa and Elsabaawy, Maha and Elazab, Dina}, title = {Altered Protein and Gene Expression of Beclin-1 Correlates with Poor Prognosis of Hcv-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1115-1122}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1115}, abstract = {Autophagy modulation has recently been addressed as a novel target for overcoming therapeutic resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to currently available anti-HCC therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the protein and gene expression of Beclin-1 and its correlation with prognosis in HCV-associated HCC in Egyptian patients. This prospective study included 50 patients with HCV-associated-HCC, treated with surgical resection. Immunohistochemistry of antibody and quantitative real-time PCR of Beclin-1 gene were assessed in liver tissues of HCC. A normal-like expression pattern of Beclin-1 was found in 100% of adjacent liver tissues, while in HCC three various patterns were recognized: negative expression [18 (36%)], over expression [16 (32%)] and normal pattern [16 (32%)] (p=0.001). Beclin-1 mRNA in HCC tissues correlated with protein expression with correlation coefficient of 0.774 (p <0.001). Patients with negative expression of Beclin-1 had a significantly poor overall survival rates compared with patients with normal-like expression pattern (p <0.007), which was confirmed by multivariate analysis (p=0.01). Over-expression of Beclin-1 was significantly associated with vascular invasion (p <0.003). However, high tumor histological grade, focal lesion multiplicity, presence of involved margin or cirrhosis were insignificantly related to Becin-1. Beclin-1 altered expression has an important role in development and prognosis of HCC.}, keywords = {Beclin-1,Autophagy,HCC,HCV}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89549.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89549_ad8f137e47e0796333083e58e584dbfd.pdf} } @article { author = {Lee, Sun Seong and Park, Ji Sun and Lee, Kyung Bok and Jeong, Dae Hoon and Byun, Jung Mi and Lee, Seok Mo}, title = {Diagnostic Performance of F-18 FDG PET/CT Compared with CA125, HE4, and ROMA for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1123-1127}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1123}, abstract = {Objective: This study aimed to examine the diagnostic performance of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) compared with cancer antigen 125 (CA125), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) score to distinguish epithelial ovarian cancer from benign tumors. Methods: A total of 46 patients with pelvic masses, who underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT, CA125, and HE4 before surgery between January 2015 and December 2018, were included in this retrospective study. The diagnostic performance of CA125, HE4, ROMA score, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) to differentiate epithelial ovarian cancer from benign pelvic tumors was examined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: Among the 46 patients, 28 were cases of ovarian cancers and 18 were of benign. The mean values of CA125, HE4, ROMA score, and SUVmax were significantly higher in the ovarian cancer group than the benign group. In early cancer stages (stages I and II), Area under the curve for SUVmax was significantly higher than CA125 and ROMA score (0.778 for CA125, 0.753 for HE4, 0.682 for ROMA score, and 0.922 for SUVmax). Conclusion: SUVmax using F-18 FDG PET/CT showed a high diagnostic accuracy for differentiating epithelial ovarian cancer from benign pelvic tumors, including early stage ovarian cancer. F-18 FDG PET/CT can be a useful modality for the assessment of pelvic mass.  }, keywords = {F-18 FDG PET/CT,Epithelial Ovarian Cancer,ROMA score,SUVmax}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89550.html}, eprint = {} } @article { author = {Phuttharak, Warinthorn and Wannasarnmetha, Mix and Wara-asawapati, Sakda and Yuthawong, Sopiruch}, title = {Diffusion MRI in Evaluation of Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1129-1136}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1129}, abstract = {Background: To evaluate the role of diffusion MRI in differentiating pediatric posterior fossa tumors and determine the cut-off values of ADC ratio to distinguish medulloblastoma from other common tumors. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed MRI of 90 patients (7.5-year median age) with pathologically proven posterior fossa tumors (24 medulloblastoma, 7 ependymoma, 4 anaplastic ependymoma, 13 pilocytic astrocytoma, 30 diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), 4 ATRT, 3 diffuse astrocytoma, 2 high grade astrocytoma, 2 glioblastoma, and 1 low grade glioma). The conventional MRI characteristics were evaluated. Two readers reviewed DWI visual scale and measured ADC values by consensus.  ADC measurement was performed at the solid component of tumors. ADC ratio between the tumors to cerebellar white matter were calculated. Results: The ADC ratio of medulloblastoma was significantly lower than ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma and DIPG. The ADC cut-off ratio of ≤ 1.115 allowed discrimination medulloblastoma from other posterior fossa tumors with sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 95.8%, 81%, 67.6% and 97.9%, respectively. ADC ratio cut-off level to differentiate medulloblastoma from ependymoma was ≤ 0.995 with area under the curve (AUC)= 0.8693. ADC ratio cut-off level for differentiate medulloblastoma from pilocytic astrocytoma at ≤ 1.17 with AUC = 0.9936. ADC cut-off level for differentiate medulloblastoma from DIPG at ≤ 1.195 with AUC = 0.9681. The ADC ratio was correlated with WHO grading by the lower ADC ratio associated with the higher grade. Furthermore, High DWI visual scale was associated with high grade tumor. Conclusion: Diffusion MRI has a significant role in diagnosis of pediatric posterior fossa tumors. ADC ratio can be used to distinguish medulloblastoma from other posterior fossa tumor with good level of diagnostic performance.}, keywords = {Pediatrics,posterior fossa,brain neoplasms,medulloblastoma,diffusion MRI}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89551.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89551_f0a6d5aee48f77189bb752311d9428b5.pdf} } @article { author = {Ardalan, Noeman and Akhavan Sepahi, Abbas and Khavari-Nejad, Ramazan Ali}, title = {Development of Escherichia coli asparaginase II for the Treatment of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: In Silico Reduction of asparaginase II Side Effects by a Novel Mutant (V27F)}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1137-1147}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1137}, abstract = {Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common blood disease in children that is accountable for many deaths. Due to major improvements in treatment procedures in the past 50 years, the survivability of this disease has risen dramatically to about 90 percent today. L-asparaginase (ASNase) has been used to treat ALL. The glutaminase (GLNase) activity of this enzyme causes some side effects and is unnecessary for anticancer activity. This study investigated mutagenesis in Escherichia coli ASNase II to find a mutant with lower GLNase activity via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Residues with low binding energy to asparagine (Asn) and high binding energy to glutamine (Gln) were chosen for mutagenesis. A mutant with low free binding energy to Gln was then selected for molecular docking and MD studies. The results showed that V27F is a good candidate for reducing GLNase activity and that it has little effect on enzyme ASNase activity. A simulation analysis showed that the V27F mutant was more stable than the WT ASNase and that mutagenesis was quite successful.}, keywords = {ALL,L-asparaginase,E. coli,Glutaminase activity,Molecular Dynamics}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89552.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89552_41c6dbab6afd1d598f884c97bf9036fc.pdf} } @article { author = {Chantharakhit, Chaichana and Sujaritvanichpong, Nantapa}, title = {Prognostic Impact of the Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index (ALI) in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with First Line Chemotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1149-1156}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1149}, abstract = {Background: The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) has been reported to predict the overall survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, no previous studies have examined the prognostic significance of ALI in metastatic NSCLC treated with first line chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between ALI and the prognosis of metastatic NSCLC treated with first line chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Data of 109 metastatic NSCLC patients who had completed first line treatment with chemotherapy was collected. A multivariate flexible parametric proportional-hazards model with restricted cubic splines (RCS) was used to explore and identify the independent prognostic factors, including clinical potential factors and ALI for the overall survival. Multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the potential prognostic factors associated with short survival less than 6 months. The analysis of the restricted mean survival time (RMST) method was used to estimate the event-free time from zero to 18 months. Results: The median OS was 10.9 months (95%CI 9.57-13.18) and median PFS was 7.5 months (95%CI 6.85-8.00).The multivariate survival analyses revealed two prognostic factors for worse survival: Poor ECOG PS (HR46.90; 95%CI 2.90-758.73; p=0.007) and progressive disease after completing the first line chemotherapy treatment (HR 2.85; 95%CI1.18-6.88; p=0.02),whereas a low ALI  }, keywords = {Prognostic factors,Survival Analysis,Lung cancer,advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI)}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89557.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89557_5bfcd010bad8ec3652334fa34d69975e.pdf} } @article { author = {Zarredar, Habib and Khamaneh, Amir and Firouzi Amoodizaj, Fatemeh and Shanaehbandi, Dariush and Seyedrezazadeh, Ensiyeh and Sabagh Jadid, Hamed and Asadi, Milad and Zafari, Venus and Khalili, Yeganeh and Soleimani, Zahra and Ansarin, Atefeh and khalili, Majid}, title = {Terminalia Catappa Extract (TCE) Reduces Proliferation of Lung and Breast Cancer Cell by Modulating miR-21 and miR-34a Expressions}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1157-1163}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1157}, abstract = {Background: After cardiovascular illness, cancer is the one of the main and second cause of death in the worldwide. Despite significant advances in this field, low survival, drug resistance, and side effects of chemotherapy remain an unsolved problem. Due to the high mortality rate among cancer patients, finding the new substance to treatment with low side effects is important. Previous studies have been informed that positive effects of herbal medicines on cancer patients, which are very efficient in the treatment of cancer. Methods: In this study, the antitumor effect of ethanolic Terminalia catappa leaf extract (TCE) on MCF-7, MDA-231, and A549 cell lines was examined. For this reason, the effects of TCE on cell migration, gene expression, and growth were investigated by scratch, test, real-time PCR (qPCR) qPCR, and MTT tests respectively. Results: As a reported by the MTT outcomes, TCE significantly decreased the viability of A549, MCF-7, and MDA-231 cells (P < 0.05).  Moreover, genes expression patterns that are related to proliferation (miR-21, miR-34a), migration (MMP-13, Vimentin), and apoptosis (Cas-3, Cas-8, Cas-9, Bcl-2, Bax) also have changed significantly after treatment with TCE. Also, in the A549 cell line, Bax (p value: 0.029), Cas-9 (p value: 0.00023), miR-34a (p value: 0.031), Bcl-2 (p value: 0.0076), MMP-13 (p value: 0.041), Cas-3 (p value: 0.00051) and in MCF-7 cell line Bax (p value: 0.0004), Cas-3 (p value: 0.0003), Cas-9(p value: 0.037), miR-34a (p value: 0.005), Bcl-2(pvalue:0.0007), mir-21(p value:0.016), MMP-13(p value: 0.011) and in MDA-231 cell line Bax(p value<0.0001), Cas-3(p value: 0.003), Cas-9(p value: 0.0004). mir-34a (p value:0.0019), Bcl-2(p value:0.0023), MMP-13(p value: 0.032) have significantly changed compare to control group. Conclusion: The outcomes of this research determined that T. Catappa might be a potential source of antitumor compounds and could be a candidate for further research.  }, keywords = {Metastasis,Terminalia Catappa,breast cancer,Apoptosis,Lung cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89558.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89558_d07007ab56bbc4d44a757228b063923b.pdf} } @article { author = {Lee, Jung Sun and Oh, Minkyung}, title = {Breast Cancer Screening in Asian Women with Dense Breast by Mammography: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1165-1170}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1165}, abstract = {Objective: Mammography density of Asian women is known to be higher than Western women. After 2009, the Korean National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) has started to notify mammography density (MD). To investigate the effect of MD notification, we integrated screening results with national health insurance claim data from 2009 to 2013. Patients and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional observational study which investigated the crude detection rate (CDR), positive predictive value (PPV), and incidence rate of Interval Cancer (IC). IC was defined as breast cancer, where the interval between the screening date and date of diagnosis was more than 12 months and less than 24 months among participants with previous normal results. Results: CDR and PPV per 100,000 results increased from 510.9 to 756.2 and from 1842.5 to 3364.9, respectively. The incidence rate of IC per 100,000 negative results increased from 623.3 to 676.2. Women younger than 50 years had a high incidence of ICs. Conclusion: After notifying MD, the incidence rate of IC less increased comparing with CDR or PPV. Screening mammography could be more useful to Asian women when reporting MD.  }, keywords = {Breast,Density,interval cancer,mammography,Screening}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89553.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89553_6d1dacfcf1e64397bf73fe7c17d51be5.pdf} } @article { author = {Chatterjee, Koustav and De, Saikat and Deb Roy, Sankar and Sahu, Sushil and Chakraborty, Arindom and Ghatak, Sandeep and Das, Nilanjana and Mal, Sudipa and Roy Chattopadhyay, Nabanita and Das, Piyanki and Reddy, R and Mukherjee, Syamantak and Das, Ashok and Puii, Zoreng and Zomawia, Eric and Singh, Yengkhom and Tsering, Sam and Riba, Komri and Rajasubramaniam, Shanmugam and Suryawanshi, Amol and Choudhuri, Tathagata}, title = {BAX -248 G>A and BCL2 -938 C>A Variant Lowers the Survival in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Could be Associated with Tissue-Specific Malignancies: A Multi-Method Approach}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1171-1181}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1171}, abstract = {Background: The association of BAX -248 G>A and BCL2 -938 C>A with different cancers created conflicts.  We studied the correlation and the effect of these polymorphisms in patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC).  Methods: PCR-RFLP and Sanger sequencing were used to detect polymorphisms. Statistical analysis including forest plot and Kaplan-Meier Log-rank test was conducted to investigate the association and effect of these SNPs on the NPC patients’ survival. The computational study was performed to investigate the possible regulatory role between these polymorphisms and the poor survival of NPC patients. Meta-analysis was executed to check the tissue-specific association of these polymorphisms in the context of global cancer prognosis. Results: We observed an increased and significant association of BAX -248 G>A [GA:OR=5.29, 95%CI=1.67,16.67, P=0.004; GA+AA:OR=5.71, 95%CI=1.82,17.90, P =0.002; A:OR=5.33, 95%CI=1.76,16.13, P=0.003], and BCL2 -938 C>A [CA:OR=2.26, 95%CI=1.03,4.96, P=0.04; AA:OR=3.56, 95%CI=0.97,13.05, P=0.05; CA+AA:OR=3.10, 95%CI=1.51,6.35, P=0.002; A:OR=2.90, 95% CI=1.59,5.29, P=0.0005] with the risk of NPC. Also, these SNPs were strongly correlated with poor survival in NPC patients (lower estimated survival mean, lower estimated proportion surviving at 5 years with p <0.05). The computational study showed that these SNPs altered the binding affinity of transcription factors HIF1, SP1, PAX3, PAX9 and CREB towards promoter (Lower p indicates strong affinity). The meta-analysis revealed the tissue-specific association of these polymorphisms. BAX -248 G>A showed a significant correlation with carcinomas [A vs G:OR=1.60, 95%CI=1.09,2.34, P=0.01; AA vs GG:OR=2.61, 95%CI=1.68,4.06, p <0.001; AA+GA vs GG:OR=1.53,95%CI=1.04,2.25, P=0.02); AA vs GG+GA:OR=2.53, 95%CI=1.65,3.87, p <0.001], and BCL2 -938 C>A with other malignancies [A vs C:OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.26,1.66, p <0.001; AA vs CC:OR=2.07, 95%CI: 1.15,3.72, P=0.01; AA+CA vs CC:OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.18,1.72, p <0.001; AA vs CC+CA:OR=1.89, 95%CI=1.02,3.50, P=0.04]. Conclusions: BAX -248 G>A and BCL2 -938 C>A was associated with poor survival in NPC patients. It may increase cancer susceptibility through transcriptional regulation. Moreover, these SNPs’ effects could be tissue-specific.  }, keywords = {Single nucleotide polymorphism,Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,Computational study,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89559.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89559_253d17a792d73793f31ca9a42374a4cb.pdf} } @article { author = {Holah, Nanis}, title = {The Clinical Value of VDR and CTLA 4 in Evaluating the Prognosis of Invasive Duct Carcinoma of Egyptian Patients and their Benefit as a Target Therapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1183-1194}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1183}, abstract = {Objective: Breast cancer represents the second most common female malignancies worldwide  and  the most common in Egypt. The nuclear vitamin D receptor plays a role in the biology of cancer by affecting inflammatory microenvironment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of VDR and CTLA 4 in invasive duct carcinoma of Egyptian patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study that included 70 invasive duct carcinoma specimens retrieved from the archival material of Pathology Department, Faculty of medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt, spanning the period between January 2010 and December 2017. All cases were stained for VDR and CTLA 4 antibodies. Results: There is significant association between high VDR expression in tumor cells and parameters of good prognosis as low tumor stage (T1) and (N0) stage. On the other hand, there is significant association between low CTLA4 tumor expression and good prognostic parameters as low tumor stage (T1) and absent vascular invasion. Regarding lymphocyte expression, there is significant association between positive CTLA4 expression in lymphocytes and parameters of good prognosis as absent metastasis. High VDR tumor expression is the most independent prognostic factor on overall survival of breast carcinoma patients. Conclusion: high VDR expression in tumor cells is associated with good prognostic parameters and is the most independent prognostic factor on overall survival  so it might be of benefit as a target therapy for Egyptian invasive duct carcinoma patients and VDR might augment the expression of CTLA-4, So tailored  immunotherapy might have an impact on invasive duct carcinoma patients.  }, keywords = {Breast carcinoma,CTLA 4,Immunotherapy,Immunohistochemistry and VDR}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89560.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89560_f1b7b2ebd250adb4a4d54c7946a57672.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Ghonemy, Mohammed and El-Ashwah, Shaimaa and Denewer, May and Soliman, Eman and El-Baiomy, Mohammed and Elkerdawy, Heidi and EL-Sebaie, Ahmed}, title = {Predictive Value of Kozak Gene Polymorphism for Thrombosis in Patients with Philadelphia-Negative MPNs}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1195-1201}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1195}, abstract = {Background: Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and myelofibrosis are clonal haematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysregulated proliferation. The arterial and venous thromboses are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in MPNs. The platelet GP Ib-IX-V receptor complex plays an important role in thrombus formation as the Kozak sequence polymorphism of platelet GP Ibα is associated with increased receptor density. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 286 diagnosed patients with Ph-negative MPNs (94 patients of PV, 102 of ET and 90 of MF). In addition, 107 apparently healthy individuals served as a control group. Results: This study revealed that by taking rs2243093 TT as the reference genotype and T as the reference allele; TC, CC, TC+CC genotypes showed lower frequency in ET patients (p= 0.005, 0.007 and 0.001 respectively) and MF patients (p= 0.002, 0.047 and 0.001 respectively) when compared to control groups also, C allele in both groups compared to control (p ≤ 0.001 both). CC genotypes and C allele showed lower frequency in PV patients when compared to control groups (p= 0.032 and 0.026 respectively). Conclusion: From this study we could conclude that patients with Philadelphia-negative MPNs carried Kozak gene polymorphism significantly TT genotype in all patients PV, ET, MF patients and TC in ET and MF patients. The platelet glycoprotein Ibα (Kozak) gene could be incorporated into the routine workup to predict venous thrombosis in patients with Ph-negative MPNs specially ET patients.}, keywords = {Kozak,MPNs,Polycythemia,Thrombocythemia,Myelofibrosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89561.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89561_d6ad0e0be522dde207a4c71f997a0c5d.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahem, Salih and Al-Dalawi, Zana and Bahaaldin, Assma}, title = {Sequence Polymorphism in Xenobiotic Metabolising Genes in Iraqi Colorectal Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1203-1210}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1203}, abstract = {Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent malignant neoplasm. Genetic variations in the xenobiotic metabolising cytochrome enzymes. Family 1 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP1A1) and Family 1 Subfamily B Member 1 (CYP1B1) might play a role in cancer pathogenesis and prognosis. The aim of this work is to determine the frequency of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP1A1 (rs1048943, Ile462VaI and rs4646903/MSP1) and CYP1B1 (rs1056836, Leu432Val) genes in patients with CRC cancer. It was also an attempt to identify the association between SNPs and CRC and its stage and grade at diagnosis. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Kirkuk/Iraq, 200 patients with CRC and 200 cancer free control subjects were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood samples and screened for SNPs using Restriction Fragment Length  Polymorphism (RFLP) and confirmed by the direct DNA sequencing. Results: The reference genotype of CYP1A1 gene rs1048943 is AA. Both the AG and GG variants were  significantly more frequent in the cancer group and associated with increased risks of CRC and its later stages (stages III and IV)  and poor  differentiation (p <0.01). The reference genotype of CYP1A1 rs4646903 is TT. The variant genotypes, TC and CC, had no significant association with increased odds of cancer (P>0.05) or with tumour stage or its grade (p>0.05). The GG genotype of CYP1B1 rs1056836 was the reference genotype. The CG and CC variants were not associated with increased risks of CRC (P>0.05) or its stage or grade except the CG genotype which was associated with poor differentiation (OR= 3.4, 95 % CI= 1.8 -6.5, p <0.001). Conclusion: CYP1A1 gene rs1048943 SNPs can represent a potential future marker for   CRC risk prediction and prognosis. Further evaluation in large scale studies will provide greater understanding of the effects of other genes SNPs on CRC  risk and prognosis.  }, keywords = {colorectal cancer,Cytochrome,CYP1A1,CYP1B1,polymorphisms}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89554.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89554_fc0122effdb4d322427d740e19ca99c8.pdf} } @article { author = {Noegroho, Bambang Sasongko and Kurniawan, Andri and Wijayanti, Zola and Mustafa, Akhmad}, title = {Factors Affecting Survival Outcome After Percutaneous Nephrostomy as Palliative Urinary Diversion in Obstructive Uropathy due to Advance Cervical Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1211-1216}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1211}, abstract = {Introduction: Cervical cancer is the 3rd most common cancer in women. In late stages, obstructive uropathy due to mass infiltration is common and the mainstay of treatment for this condition is palliative urinary diversion through percutaneous nephrostomy. Nevertheless, complications due to nephrostomy may have adverse effects on some patients. Further study is necessary to determine whether nephrostomy is suitable for all cervical cancer patients with obstructive uropathy. This study aims to identify the determinants of survival rate of cervical cancer patients undergoing nephrostomy for obstructive uropathy and determine the group of cervical cancer patients that would benefit the most from nephrostomy. Methods: Data were obtained from medical records of cervical cancer patients in Hasan Sadikin Central Public Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019. Log-rank analysis was performed to assess the survival rate of patients based on clinical conditions (age, metastasis, and ECOG performance status) and initial laboratory results (hemoglobin, leukocyte, thrombocyte and blood acidity). Results: A total of 163 cases were identified from the medical records, with a median survival of 5(1-17) months. The results of the analysis showed that the survival rates of cervical cancer patients undergoing nephrostomy were significantly affected by age (p = 0.0001), metastasis (p = 0.0001), and ECOG performance status (p = 0.0001), while laboratory findings were not significant factors affecting survival (pHb=0.501; pLeu=0.634; pTr=0.077; pBGA=0.687). Conclusion: The survival after nephrostomy in advanced cervical cancer patients is largely affected by age, metastasis, and performance status. The choices of doing nephrostomy in those patients should be considering those factors to maximize the benefit over the risk of complications.  }, keywords = {Cervical cancer,obstructive uropathy,nephrostomy,survival rate}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89564.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89564_83c9f3a5d494ef366d7ab09ae4c1fcc3.pdf} } @article { author = {Kaibori, Masaki and Matsushima, Hideyuki and Ishizaki, Morihiko and Kosaka, Hisashi and Matsui, Kousuke and Kariya, Shuji and Yoshii, Kengo and Sekimoto, Mitsugu}, title = {The Impact of Sorafenib in Combination with Transarterial Chemoembolization on the Outcomes of Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1217-1224}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1217}, abstract = {Background: We investigated the treatment outcomes and hepatic reserve of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)-refractory patients with recurrent advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with TACE plus sorafenib. Methods: Forty-one patients with intermediate-stage HCC defined as being TACE refractory on imaging were treated with sorafenib and TACE between 2009 and 2012 and comprised the combination treatment group. Twenty-nine patients who received repeated TACE after becoming refractory to TACE between 2005 and 2008 comprised the TACE continuation group. Results: Although the interval between successive rounds of TACE was significantly shorter before the patients developed TACE refractoriness, it was significantly longer after the development of TACE refractoriness, in the combination treatment group compared with the TACE continuation group. The appearance of extrahepatic spread and/or vascular invasion differed significantly between the two groups. The median overall survival was significantly longer in the combination treatment group than in the TACE continuation group (20.5 vs. 15.4 months, respectively; hazard ratio = 2.04; 95% confidence interval = 1.20–3.48). The 3-year overall survival rate was 33.4% in the combination treatment group and 3.5% in the TACE continuation group. Downstaging of the Child–Pugh class was significantly less frequent in the combination treatment group than in the TACE continuation group. In COX proportional hazards analyses, sorafenib plus TACE resulted in a better prognosis compared with repeated TACE. Conclusions: Treatment with sorafenib plus TACE in TACE-refractory patients with intermediate-stage HCC resulted in longer intervals between TACE rounds, better maintenance of hepatic reserve, and significantly longer OS compared with repeated TACE.}, keywords = {sorafenib,Transarterial chemoembolization-refractory,Intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89565.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89565_be52671776d1040922201ba4b9a35805.pdf} } @article { author = {Vahedpour, Zahra and Abedzadeh- Kalahroudi, Masoumeh and Sehat, Mojtaba and Piroozmand, Ahmad and Memar, Maedeh}, title = {Comparison of Cervical Levels of Interleukins-6 and -8 in Patients with and without Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1225-1230}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1225}, abstract = {Introduction: Interleukins-6 and -8 are two pro-inflammatory cytokines increasing in serum and local levels under malignant conditions. There are limited evidences on the association between cervical level of these two factors and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). So, this study aimed to explore the association between cervical levels of IL-6 and IL-8 with cervical premalignant lesions. Methods: The present case-control study was conducted on married women undergone Pap smear for routine screening in two groups as the group with CIN (n=100) and the healthy control group (n=100). Cervical secretions were collected using sterile swab and the levels of IL-8 and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean cervical IL-6 level was 568.66±594.62 pg/ml in the patients with CIN and 212.7±213.9 pg/ml in the controls (P <0.001). The cervical IL-8 levels in the case and control groups were measured to be 1320.43±876.5 pg/ml and 1053.59±747.64 pg/ml, respectively (p=0.02). By modifying the confounding size effect of the age and marital duration, it was determined that cervical levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were both associated with CIN. Conclusion: Our results showed that the cervical levels of IL-6 and IL-8 are associated with CIN independent of age and marital dura}, keywords = {Interleukins,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,cervical mucus}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89566.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89566_8fd45c70a73591b27543ff7f3f65ee7a.pdf} } @article { author = {Alizadeh, Zahra and Rohani, Camelia and Rassouli, Maryam and Ilkhani, Mahnaz and Hazrati, Maryam}, title = {Transitional Cancer Care Program from Hospital to Home in the Health Care System of Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1231-1237}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1231}, abstract = {Objectives: Transitional care program refers to the health care continuity during transferring from one health care setting to another or to home. This is an essential program for cancer patients and reduces the risk of unnecessary hospital admissions as well as the complications of the disease. The aim of this study was to develop a transitional cancer care program from hospital to home in the health care system of Iran. Methods: This study is a health policy and system research. It was conducted in four stages from October 2019 to January 2020. The first stage was a qualitative study. The qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 24 participants and a focus group with eight experts. In the second stage, a literature review of transitional care models was carried out. The initial version of the transitional cancer care program was developed based on the qualitative results and the literature review in the third stage. The validity and feasibility of the program were assessed using the Delphi study in the fourth stage. Results: Six major categories were extracted from the qualitative results, consisting of “integrated services for the continuity of care”, “holistic care”, “care standardization”, “the use of telemedicine”, “the transparency of rules” and “the care process provision”. Using these results and extracted the three common models of transitional care, the initial program was developed in three phases of pre-discharge, post-discharge, and transitional care with six protocols. The content validity of the program (98.7%) and its feasibility (95.8%) were approved by experts in the Delphi rounds. Conclusions: It is necessary to revise hospitals’ discharge program, and home health care center’s plan for admission and delivering health care services for cancer patients. Also, a pilot program is necessary to find the system advantages and disadvantages.  }, keywords = {Keywords: Cancer patient,Care transition,Home care,Integrated care}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89567.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89567_75617e01e647a6c4e42b721c64f58cee.pdf} } @article { author = {Noma, Isabella and Shinobu-Mesquita, Cristiane and Suehiro, Tamy and Morelli, Fabricio and de Souza, Maria and Damke, Edilson and da Silva, Vânia and Consolaro, Marcia}, title = {Association of Righ-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Ureaplasma parvum Co-Infections with Increased Risk of Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Cervical Lesions}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1239-1246}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1239}, abstract = {Objective: The present report investigated the rates of coinfections between high-rik human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and the most important human mycoplasmas including Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum and U. parvum in cervical samples of asymptomatic brazilian population. Methods: Were included a total of 283 women aged 25–64 years screened by Papanicolaou smears for determining cervical abnormalities, single-target polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (rt-PCR) for hrHPV and mycoplasmas, respectively. Results: A total of 273 (94.5%) women were negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy cytology (NILM) and 10 (3.5%) presented abnormal cytology, all low-grade intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). The prevalence of hrHPV was 12.7% and 53.7% for mycoplasmas. U. parvum was the most frequently bacteria detected, followed by Mycoplasma hominis and U. urealyticum. M. genitalium was not detected. Women positive for U. parvum presented a 5-fold increased risk of LSIL (OR = 5.33; 95% CI = 1.09-26.04, P = 0.02) and co-infections between U. parvum and hrHPV increased the risk for LSIL (OR = 3.88; 95% CI = 1.75-8.58, P = 0.0003). However, these associations were not dependent on the concentration of the bacteria. Conclusion: Our results reinforced the hypothesis that some mycoplasmas may play a role as cofactors in HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis, at least in some populations.  }, keywords = {Cervical cancer,High-risk HPV,Co-factors,Mycoplasmas,risk}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89576.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89576_53e962115080f98358b20ebdde680b30.pdf} } @article { author = {Haroun, Anas and AL- Ruzzieh, Majeda and Hussien, Najah and Masa’ad, Abdelrahman and Hassoneh, Rateb and Abu Alrub, Ghada and Ayaad, Omar}, title = {Using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis in Improving Nursing Blood Sampling at an International Specialized Cancer Center}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1247-1254}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1247}, abstract = {Background: The process of blood sampling is considered one of the primary and most common nursing invasive procedures carried out daily. Any failure at any point could have a severe negative impact on patient outcomes. Purpose: This project aimed to assess and improve the nursing blood sampling process in a specialized cancer center using failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). Methods: An observational analytical design of the nursing blood sampling process using FMEA was conducted in King Hussein Cancer Center in Amman, Jordan. Seven steps were conducted, including a review of the blood sampling process, brainstorming potential failures, listing potential effects of each failure mode, assigning a severity rating for each potential effect, assigning a frequency/occurrence rating for each failure mode, assigning a detection rating scale for each failure mode, and calculating the Risk Priority Number (RPN) for each effect. Results: Eight (out of 28) main critical failure modes with more than 200 RPN were identified in the blood sampling process. Accordingly, five themes were developed to guide the corrective actions. These themes included: process and responsibility modifications, resource and information technology utilization, patients and family engagement, safety culture, and education and training after implementation of the corrective actions. This resulted in a 58 % reduction in the RPN of major failure modes. Conclusion: Many factors lead to blood sampling errors. A critical focus should be conducted on the preparation phase due to the possible errors that may occur. Proper identification of patients and blood sample tests are the keys to a significant decrease in blood sampling errors.  }, keywords = {FMEA,Nursing,and Sampling Process,Specialized Cancer Center,King Hussein Cancer Center}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89568.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89568_c22dc2cc7f6b5bb37b243e917dc4bf18.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassanin, Taha M and Fouad, Yasser and Hassnine, Alshymaa and Eisawy, Mohamad and Farag, Naglaa and Abdel Ghany, Wael}, title = {Quality of Life after Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Combined with Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Compared with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization alone}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1255-1261}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1255}, abstract = {Aim: The aim of this study was to assess quality of life (QoL) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) compared to TACE plus radiofrequency ablation (RFA) done at the same sitting, and to assess tumor therapy response after these 2 palliative interventions. Methods: 73 patients with unresectable HCC (BCLC-B) were included. Patients with tumor ≤ 5 cm were subjected to TACE (N = 45) while patients with tumors > 5 cm were subjected to TACE followed immediately by RFA (N = 28). QoL was evaluated with two validated questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-30 and EORTC HCC18). These questionnaires were filled out before intervention, 2 weeks and 2 months after intervention. Pre/post interventional changes were analyzed. The modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumor (mRECIST) were employed for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. Results: Baseline global health status/QoL was significantly higher in TACE group (64.1%) compared to TACE-RFA group (51.2%). Two weeks after intervention: the absolute decrease in global health state was higher in TACE-RFA (- 12.1%) compared to TACE (- 6.3%, p = 0.411). Less impairment was found in TACE group compared to TACE-RFA group for physical/social functioning, fatigue and pain but it was statistically insignificant. Two months after intervention; TACE-RFA group showed significant improvement in global health score, social and physical functioning scores, as well as significant improvement in pain and fatigue compared to TACE group. The therapeutic efficacy of TACE-RFA was better than TACE alone: complete remission, partial remission, stable disease and progressive disease were 17.9%, 32.1%, 42.9% and 7.1% Vs11.1%, 22.2%, 48.9% and 17.8%, respectively). Conclusion: Neither TACE nor TACE-RFA showed a significant decrease in QoL in patients with unresectable HCC two weeks after intervention. However, two months after intervention; TACE-RFA showed significant improvement in global health score compared to TACE monotherapy. TACE-RFA appeared safe, effective and more favorable than TACE monotherapy.  }, keywords = {Quality of Life,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,radiofrequency ablation,Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89573.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89573_17558ca1797f0f7643b77d86fc2048da.pdf} } @article { author = {Xue, Mengya and Liu, XiaoLv and Cheng, Bing and Rui, XingKai and Wu, MingCai and Lv, Jun}, title = {Epigallocatechin Gallate Enhances Inhibition Effect of DDP on the Proliferation of Gastric Cancer BGC-823 Cells by Regulating p19Arf-p53-p21Cip1 Signaling Pathway}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1263-1270}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1263}, abstract = {Objective: To indicate the effect of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Cisplatin (DDP) on proliferation of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells and the relative underlying mechanism. Methods: Cultured BGC-823 cells were treated by 5 μg/mL DDP, 25 μg/mL EGCG and combined 5 μg/mL DDP with 25 μg/mL EGCG, a blank group was used as control. Cell morphology was observed by 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. The ability of cell proliferation was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)assay. The cell cloning rate was determined by colony formation assay. The ability of cell migration was detected by cell scratch test. The cell cycle distributions and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry, The expression of p19Arf, p53, p21Cip1 mRNA was determined by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of p19Arf, p53, p21Cip1 were measured by Western blot. Results: Compared with DDP or EGCG treatment alone, EGCG combined with DDP treatment significantly caused nuclear shrinkage, reduced the proliferation rate, the ability of cell clone and migration. EGCG combined with DDP treatment caused cell cycle arrest in G1 phase in BGC-823 cells, increase of apoptosis (21.3%) vs EGCG (7.25%) and DDP (3.86%) single-use group (p <0.01), up-regulated gene and protein expressions of p19Arf, p53, p21Cip1 (p <0.01). Conclusion: EGCG can enhance the effect of DDP on inhibiting BGC-823 cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis via activating the p19Arf-p53-p21Cip1 signaling pathway.}, keywords = {EGCG,DDP,p19Arf-p53-p21Cip1 signaling pathway,BGC-823 cells}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89577.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89577_7d3152ba346fd4772db66a11351d7519.pdf} } @article { author = {Azimi, Tahereh and Paryan, Mahdi and Mondanizadeh, Mahdieh and Sarmadian, Hossein and Zamani, Ashraf}, title = {Pap Smear miR-92a-5p and miR-155-5p as potential diagnostic biomarkers of squamous intraepithelial cervical cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1271-1277}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1271}, abstract = {Background: one of the female-specific diseases with a high incidence and mortality is cervical cancer. The main cause of cervical cancer is infection with Human papilloma virus (HPV). Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) usually is caused by an HPV infection. Considering the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic biomarkers for a variety of cancers, the aim of this study was to determine miR-92a-5p and miR-155-5p expression levels in LSIL and HSIL Pap Smear samples. Methods: After initial bioinformatic studies, A total of 75 samples (25 samples of patients with LSIL, 25 patients with HSIL and 25 healthy individuals) were subjected to RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. The expressions levels of confirmed miRNAs in samples of patients with LSIL, HSIL and healthy individuals were evaluated by Real time PCR analysis. To demonstration the role of predicted miRNAs as novel biomarkers in diagnosis of LSIL and HSIL, ROC curve analysis was done. Results: Bioinformatics results showed that miR-92a-5p and miR-155-5p target the HPV E6 and E7 genes. The expression levels of these miRNAs were strikingly higher in Pap smear of patients with LSIL than in the healthy individuals (35.36, P = 0.001) (62.23, P = 0.001). Similarity, expression levels of miR-92a-5p and miR-155-5p were amazingly higher in patients with HSIL than in the healthy individuals (33.62, P= 0.001) (69.07, P= 0.001). Although, the levels of miR-92a-5p (0.95, P = 0. 85) and miR-155-5p (1.11, P = 0.84) exhibited no statistical differences between patients with LSIL and HSIL. Also, ROC curve analyses verified that miR-92a-5p and miR-155-5p are specific and sensitive and may serve as new biomarkers for the early detection of cervical cancer. Conclusion: These data suggest miR-92a-5p and miR-155-5p, which are upregulated in LSIL and HSIL, can be consider as predictive biomarkers for the prognosis of cervical cancer patients.  }, keywords = {LSIL,HSIL,miRNAs,Biomarker,HPV E6/E7}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89569.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89569_15b319fa4b62556d02867e803231be32.pdf} } @article { author = {Furuie, Hironobu and Arimura-Omori, Masako and Hamada, Naoki and Yanagihara, Toyoshi and Kiyohara, Chikako}, title = {The Association of Aging-Related Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Lung Cancer: A Case-Control Study in a Japanese Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1279-1285}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1279}, abstract = {Background: Telomere length is associated with cancer as well as aging.  Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), telomere RNA component (TERC) and oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding fold containing 1 (OBFC1) are known to be involved in telomere length regulation. The tumor suppressor p53 (TP53), which has been shown to interact with tumor protein p53-binding protein 1 (TP53BP1), is implicated in the response to telomere shortening and aging.  Polymorphisms in the TP53 and TP53BP1 genes are associated with various types of cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of aging-related polymorphisms on lung cancer risk. Materials and Methods: This case-control study consists of 462 lung cancer cases and 379 controls from Japan.  We examined the effect of TERT rs2736100, TERC rs1881984, OBFC1 rs11191865, TP53 rs1042522 and TP53BP1 rs560191 on the risk of lung cancer using a Taq-Man real-time PCR assay. Unconditional logistic regression was used to assess the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: None of the main effects of any of the telomere-related polymorphisms were related to the risk of lung cancer.  Similarly, none of the interactive effects of any of the telomere-related polymorphisms with smoking were associated with lung cancer risk. The significant multiplicative interaction between TERT rs2736100 and TP53BP1 rs560191 was statistically significant (OR for interaction = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.14–0.84). The multiplicative interaction between OBFC1 rs11191865 and TP53BP1 rs560191 was also statistically significant (OR for interaction = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.02–5.87) but the OR for interaction was in the opposite direction. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that TP53BP1 rs560191 may predispose to lung cancer risk depending on the genotypes of telomere-related polymorphisms. Additional studies are warranted to confirm the findings suggested in the present study.  }, keywords = {aging,Lung cancer,Oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding fold containing 1,Telomerase reverse transcriptase,Telomere RNA component}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89578.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89578_06135d9a355952d3f05a95db99bc6815.pdf} } @article { author = {Jayasinghe, Ruwan Duminda and Jayasooriya, P.R and Amarasinghe, Hemantha and Hettiarachchi, PVKS and Siriwardena, BSMS and Wijerathne, UKYGDM and Kithalawarachchi, SK and Tilakaratne, WM}, title = {Evaluation of Successfulness of Capacity Building Programmes on Smokeless Tobacco and Areca Nut Cessation}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1287-1293}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1287}, abstract = {Background: Prevalence of smoking in Sri Lanka has shown a gradual reduction whilst the use of smokeless tobacco and areca nut exhibits an increasing trend. At present, only a few well-structured smokeless tobacco (SLT)/areca nut (AN) cessation programs have been conducted in Sri Lanka, which is a gross underachievement as betel chewing-related oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cancer in Sri Lankan males. As General Dental Practitioners (GDP) do not contribute significantly to SLT/AN cessation activities at present, capacity building programs on SLT/AN control were carried out. The study evaluated the knowledge, attitude and practices  imparted on SLT/AN control among dental surgeons. Methods: Following a single day capacity building program on smokeless tobacco / areca nut control, two self-administered questionnaires were used to assess the improvement of knowledge and change of attitudes among 663 GDPs. Results: Majority had a good knowledge on harmful effects of SLT but not on areca nut. Knowledge of the current legislation on SLT control in Sri Lanka and carcinogenicity of areca nut was not satisfactory. Almost all agreed that proper counseling leads to patient quitting the habit, a formal training is necessary to conduct tobacco control activities and it should be a part of the regular treatment modalities. More than 80% of the participants support strict legislation. Most important factors leading to poor involvement in tobacco cessation activities were lack of expertise and inadequate educational material and not breach of patient privacy and lack of financial incentives. 20.1% dental surgeons had consumed smokeless tobacco / areca nut products in the past and only a few were current users of tobacco and/or areca nut. Conclusions: Well planned workshops are efficient in improving knowledge, practices and attitudes of dental surgeons towards SLT/AN cessation.  }, keywords = {Tobacco,smokeless tobacco,Areca nut,cessation,Dental surgeons}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89574.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89574_5cabc7ca605e0c4c090863435f615483.pdf} } @article { author = {Igissinov, Nurbek and Igissinova, Gulnur and Telmanova, Zhansaya and Bilyalova, Zarina and Kulmirzayeva, Dariyana and Kozhakhmetova, Zhanar and Urazova, Saltanat and Turebayev, Dulat and Nurtazinova, Gaukhar and Omarbekov, Ardak and Almabayeva, Aigul and Bukeyeva, Zhanar and Tarzhanova, Dinara and Moldabayeva, Altyn and Zhanaliyeva, Marina and Kazbekova, Ainagul and Openko, Vladimir and Kozhakhmetov, Saken and Kuandykov, Yerlan}, title = {New Trends of Cervical Cancer Incidence in Kazakhstan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1295-1304}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1295}, abstract = {Objective: The epidemiological features of the cervical cancer (CC) incidence and its spatial and temporal assessment in Kazakhstan were studied. Methods: The retrospective study was done for the period 2009-2018. Descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology were used. Results: During the study period, 16,441 new cases of CC were registered. The average annual crude and age-standardized incidence rate were 18.6±0.5 and 17.7±0.4 cases per 100,000 population of female, respectively, and their trends tended to increase (Тup=+2.3%; R2=0.708 and Тup=+1.9%; R2=0.615, respectively). The analysis of ASIR showed unimodal growth with a peak at 50-54 years – 45.3±1.1 cases per 100,000 population of female. Trends of ASIR decreased up to 30 years (Tdown=−1.8%; R2=0.111) and 35-59 years (Tdown=−0.9%; R2=0.103), in other age groups the trends increased, and were most pronounced in 40-44 (Тup=+4.1%; R2=0.878) and 65-69 years (Тup=+4.4%; R2=0.537). Trends in ASR of СС tended to grow in almost all regions, with higher levels in Mangystau (Тup=+4.1%; R2=0.482) and Aktobe (Тup=+6.3%; R2=0.846) regions. The cartograms of ASR per 100,000 population of female were allocated according to the following criteria: low – up to 16.3, average – from 16.3 to 19.2, high – above 19.2. The results of the spatial analysis showed the regions with a higher levels of CC incidence rate per 100,000 population of female: East Kazakhstan (19.8), Aktobe (20.0), Almaty (20.1), Kostanay region (20.9), Atyrau (21.7) regions and Almaty city (22.0). Conclusion: The study of trends of the cervical cancer incidence has the theoretical and practical value:  monitoring and evaluation of screening programmes, which are implemented in the country, and conduction of secondary prevention of cervical pathology. Health authorities should consider the obtained results in the in the organization of anti-cancer activities.}, keywords = {Cervical cancer,Incidence,Trends,Kazakhstan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89579.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89579_c14b47087bcb507af89214a41fbbfd51.pdf} } @article { author = {Biba, Vikas and Kunjiraman, Sujathan and Rajam, Suja Somasekharan Nair and Anil, Sukumaran}, title = {The Apoptotic Properties of Leaf Extracts of Simarouba glauca against Human Leukemic Cancer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1305-1312}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1305}, abstract = {Background and objective: Simarouba glauca is a plant belonging to the family of Simaroubaceae. It is a potent source of secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apoptotic properties of leaf extracts of Simarouba glauca against human leukemic cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity of Simarouba glauca was assessed in the leaf extract of petroleum ether against leukemic cells by MTT assay. To detect the apoptotic features, fluorescence microscopy analysis was done with dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide fluorescent staining and Hoechst staining. To determine the externalization of phosphatidylserine, annexin v staining was done. Mitochondrial or death receptor activation was confirmed by caspase 3 analysis by flow cytometry. Results: This study revealed that Simarouba glauca was able to treat leukemia. Among the four extracts, petroleum ether extract showed a higher order of in vitro anticancer activity. The petroleum ether extract strongly inhibited the proliferation of K562 cell lines with IC50 values of 186 µg/ml. Dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide fluorescent staining and Hoechst staining revealed the characteristic features of apoptosis. Annexin V confirmed early and late stage apoptosis. Caspase-3 analysis revealed that cell death was due to mitochondrial or death receptor activation in mitochondrial pathway. Conclusion: These findings suggested that Simarouba glauca leaf extracts inhibited leukemic cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner either through mitochondrial or death receptor activation. The leaf extracts of Simarouba glauca was found to be nontoxic to lymphocytes. It can be concluded that Simarouba glauca is an important source of phytochemicals posing efficacy against leukemic cancer cells.  }, keywords = {Simarouba glauca,apoptotic,Anticancer,Antiproliferative,Leukemia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89580.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89580_e138e04f1af32d4d06babd1822060725.pdf} } @article { author = {Balmaganbetova, Farida and Amanzholkyzy, Ainur and Nurgaliyeva, Roza and Kaldybayeva, Aiman and Zhexenova, Azhar}, title = {Comparative Analysis of Vaginal Microbiota in Women with Breast Cancer in Kazakhstan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1313-1318}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1313}, abstract = {Object: The relevance of the article is that the breast cancer is a leading oncological disease in women in developed countries and has the highest mortality caused by malignant neoplasms in women. The purpose of the study is to evaluate vaginal microbiota in women with various breast cancer subtypes and compared groups. Methods: The study involved 278 women with breast cancer, of whom 174 were patients receiving combination therapy; the control group consisted of 104 patients who had had breast cancer 2-4 years ago. Results: It was found that despite a significant decrease in the total number of Lactobacillus spp., there were no statistically significant changes in the numbers of microorganisms in patients with different subtypes of breast cancer. According to the results of the comparative analysis, the representatives of obligate anaerobic flora Peptostreptococcus spp. prevailed in vaginal microbiota in luminal A and luminal B subtypes, and the representative of the facultative anaerobic organisms Staphylococcus spp. – in unfavourable outcomes in Her2/Neu+ and triple-negative subtypes. Conclusion: The observed features of the vaginal microbiota in women with different subtypes of breast cancer require further studies for preventive purposes.  }, keywords = {Oncology,malignant tumour,composition of vaginal microflora,normocenosis,Bacterial vaginosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89575.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89575_2a102d4646b6d88cdce403d0b6faa167.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdul Aziz, Ahmad Aizat and Md Salleh, Md Salzihan and Yahya, Maya Mazuwin and Zakaria, Andee Dzulkarnaen and Ankathil, Ravindran}, title = {Genetic Association of CYP1B1 4326 C>G Polymorphism with Disease-Free Survival in TNBC Patients Undergoing TAC Chemotherapy Regimen}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1319-1324}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1319}, abstract = {Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) which is treated with taxane, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (TAC) chemotherapy regimen show variation in treatment response. CYP1B1 4326 C>G polymorphism has been implicated in contributing to the differences in treatment response in various types of cancers. Aim: The objective of the present study was to investigate whether this polymorphism modulate the risk of disease recurrence in TNBC patients undergoing TAC chemotherapy regimen. Methods: Blood samples of 76 immunohistochemistry confirmed TNBC patients were recruited. The genotyping of CYP1B1 4326 C>G polymorphism was carried out using PCR-RFLP technique. The genotype patterns were categorized into homozygous wildtype, heterozygous and homozygous variant. Kaplan-Meier analysis followed by Cox proportional hazard regression model were performed to evaluate the TNBC patients’ recurrence risk. Results: Out of 76 TNBC patients, 25 (33.0%) showed disease recurrence after one-year evaluation. Kaplan Meier analysis showed that TNBC patients who are carriers of CYP1B1 4326 GG variant genotypes (37.0%) had a significantly lower probability of disease-free rates as compared to TNBC patients who are carriers of CYP1B1 4326 CC/CG genotypes (71.0%). Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that TNBC patients who carried CYP1B1 4326 GG variant genotype had a significantly higher risk of recurrence with HR: 2.50 and HR: 4.18 respectively, even after adjustment as compared to TNBC patients who were carriers of CYP1B1 4326 CC and CG genotypes. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the potential use of CYP1B1 4325 GG variant genotype as a candidate biomarker in predicting risk of recurrence in TNBC patients undergoing TAC chemotherapy regimen.}, keywords = {TNBC,CYP1B1,Single nucleotide polymorphism,disease free survival}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89563.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89563_eee119a5dabbafa31c791bedaaf1c229.pdf} } @article { author = {Zhang, Qi and Liang, Jianwei and Chen, Jianan and Mei, Shiwen and Wang, Zheng}, title = {Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgery in Elderly Patients with Rectal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {1325-1329}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1325}, abstract = {Background: Laparoscopic colorectal resection has been gaining popularity over the past two decades-and the number of elderly patients with colorectal cancer treated with a surgical modality has gradually increased. However, studies about laparoscopic rectal surgery in elderly patients with long-term oncologic outcomes are limited. In this study, we evaluated the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic resection in patients with rectal cancer aged ≥80 y. Methods: From 2007-2015, a total of 84 consecutive patients with rectal cancer from a single institution were included, 45 patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal resection were compared with 39 patients undergoing open rectal resection. Results: The two groups were well balanced in terms of age, gender, body mass index, American society of anesthesiologists scores, previous abdominal surgery, neoadjuvant therapy, tumor stage, distance of tumor from the anal verge, and comorbidities. One (2.2%) patient in the laparoscopic group required conversion to open surgery. Laparoscopic surgery was associated with significantly longer operating time (160.1±28.2 versus 148.2±41.3 min; P=0.031), less intraoperative blood loss (80.5±20.9 versus 160.3±42.4 mL; P=0.002), less need of blood transfusion (6.7% versus 20.5%; P=0.003), a shorter time to diet recovery (2.5±1.5 versus 4.9±1.1; P=0.015) and postoperative hospital stay (7.5±4.5 versus 10.8±4.2; P=0.035), lower overall postoperative complication rate (8.9% versus 20.5%; P=0.017), and wound-related complication rate (4.4% versus 10.2%; P=0.013) when compared with open surgery. Specimen length, no. of retrieced lymph nodes, positive distal and circumferential margin rate, mortality rate, and reoperation rate were not significantly different between two groups. The disease-free and overall 5-year survival rates were similar between two groups.Conclusions: Laparoscopic rectal surgery is safe and feasible in patients aged≥80 y and is associated with similar long-term oncologic outcomes when compared with open surgery.   }, keywords = {Laparoscopic Surgery,Open surgery,rectal cancer,Elderly patients}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89570.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89570_a9e4fedc96e368dc051c1ef73f80c427.pdf} }