@article { author = {Mungmunpuntipantip, Rujittika and Wiwanitkit, Viroj}, title = {COVID-19 Vaccination and Cancer: Correspondence}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3417-3417}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3417}, abstract = {}, keywords = {COVID-19,Vaccination,cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89859.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89859_23cef69b475578144f8693eb08e63302.pdf} } @article { author = {Parsaeian, Seyedeh Fatemeh and Asadian, Fatemeh and Karimi-Zarchi, Mojgan and Setayesh, Sepideh and Javaheri, Atiyeh and Tabatabaie, Razieh Sadat and Dastgheib, Seyed Alireza and Golestanpour, Hossein and Neamatzadeh, Hossein}, title = {A Meta-Analysis for Association of XRCC3 rs861539, MTHFR rs1801133, IL-6 rs1800795, IL-12B rs3212227, TNF-α rs1800629, and TLR9 rs352140 Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Cervical Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3419-3431}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3419}, abstract = {Background: In spite of substantial declines in both incidence and mortality rates in the past 50 years, cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer associated mortality among women globally. We performed this meta-analysis to explore the role of XRCC3 rs861539, MTHFR rs1801133, IL-6 rs1800795, IL-12B rs3212227, TNF-α rs1800629 and TLR9 rs352140 polymorphism with susceptibility to cervical carcinoma. Methods: The search databases include PubMed, SciELO, MedRxiv, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Biology Medicine disc up to 30 June 2021. The language is limited to English and Chinese. The comparison between the polymorphisms and cervical cancer was assessed using pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The data are statistically analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) 2.0 software. Results: A total of 59 studies including seven studies with 1,112 cases and 1,233 controls on XRCC3 rs861539, 14 studies with 2,694 cases and 3349 controls MTHFR rs1801133, four studies with 1,121 cases and 1,109 controls on IL-12B rs3212227, seven studies with 1,452 cases and 2,186 controls on IL-6 rs1800795, 20 studies with 4,781 cases and 4909 controls on TNF-α rs1800629, and seven studies with 1743 cases and 2292 controls on TLR9 rs352140 were included. There was a significant association between XRCC3 RS861539, TNF-α rs1800629, and IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms and an increased risk of cervical carcinoma in overall population. However, the MTHFR rs1801133, IL-12B rs3212227 and TLR9 rs352140 polymorphisms were not associated. Conclusion: The pooled analysis showed that XRCC3 RS861539, TNF-α rs1800629, and IL-6 rs1800795 were associated with cervical carcinoma susceptibility, but not MTHFR rs1801133, IL-12B rs3212227 and TLR9 rs352140 polymorphisms.}, keywords = {cervical carcinoma,Cervical cancer,Meta-analysis,Gene,Polymorphism}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89852.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89852_cff25e1e3d7e594ab12f892dcc086303.pdf} } @article { author = {Shorofi, Seyed Afshin and Nozari-Mirarkolaei, Fereshteh and Arbon, Paul and Bagheri-Nesamie, Masoumeh}, title = {Depression and Sleep Quality among Iranian Women with Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3433-3440}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3433}, abstract = {Background and purpose: Breast cancer causes many psychological disorders such as sleep disturbances and depression. The current study was, therefore, intended to describe sleep quality and depression and to identify the association between these two psychological disorders among Iranian women with breast cancer. Materials and methods: This descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 women with non-metastatic unilateral breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy in an outpatient chemotherapy unit of a major public hospital. A total of 120 women who had already undergone mastectomy procedure were selected via convenience sampling method. Data were collected by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: The mean score on BDI-II was 13.40 (± 6.51), and 30% (n=36) of women had mild depression and 14.2% (n=17) reported moderate-to-severe depression. The mean global score of sleep quality was found to be 6.48 (± 2.62). Furthermore, 50.8% (n=61) of women obtained a global PSQI score of 5. A positive correlation was found between depression scores and sleep quality scores (p=0.001, r= 0.48). Depression was also correlated with age, number of children, household gross income, sleep duration, sleep latency, and type of mastectomy procedure (p<0.05). Moreover, subjective sleep quality was correlated with number of chemotherapy sessions (p=0.001, r=-0.67) and daytime dysfunction (p=0.001, r=0.78). A positive correlation was also observed between sleep disturbances and habitual sleep efficiency (p = 0.02, r = 0.65). Conclusion: In conclusion, 30% of women had mild depression and 14.2% reported moderate-to-severe depression. The mean global score of sleep quality was found to be 6.48 (± 2.62), suggesting poor sleep quality. Furthermore, over half of the participants (50.8%) obtained a global PSQI score of 5 or greater which is indicative of poor sleep quality. A positive moderate correlation was also observed between depression and poor sleep quality.}, keywords = {breast cancer,depression,Sleep Quality,BDI,PSQI}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89835.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89835_4e31a6e33d22e3d298ca61e74dfb7f8e.pdf} } @article { author = {Dankai, Wiyada and Khunamornpong, Surapan and Siriaunkgul, Sumalee and Soongkhaw, Aungsumalee and Aithin, Phanlapa and Lekawanvijit, Suree}, title = {An Evaluation of Phosphate Buffer Saline as an Alternative Liquid-Based Medium for HPV DNA Detection}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3441-3445}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3441}, abstract = {Objective: HPV detection has been proposed as part of the co-testing which improves the sensitivity of cervical screening. However, the commercially liquid-based medium adds cost in low-resource areas. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of ice-cold phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for HPV detection. Methods: HPV DNA from SiHa cells (with 1-2 copies of HPV16 per cell) preserved in ice-cold PBS or PreserveCyt solution at different time points (24, 36, 48, 72, 120 and 168 h) was tested in triplicate using Cobas 4800. The threshold cycle (Ct) values of both solutions were compared. An estimated false negative rate of PBS was also assessed by using the difference in Ct values between both solutions (∆Ct) and Ct values of HPV16-positive PreserveCyt clinical samples (Ctsample) at corresponding time points. Samples with a (Ctsample+∆Ct) value > 40.5 (the cutoff of HPV16 DNA by Cobas 4800) were considered as false negativity. Results: The Ct values of HPV16 DNA of SiHa cells collected in PBS were higher than PreserveCyt ranging from 0.43 to 2.36 cycles depending on incubation times. There was no significant difference at 24, 72, 120, and 168 h.  However, the Ct values were statistically significantly higher for PBS than PreserveCyt at 36 h (31.00 vs 29.26), and 48 h (31.06 vs 28.70). A retrospective analysis in 47 clinical PreserveCyt collected samples that were positive for HPV16 DNA found that 1 case (2%) would become negative if collected in ice-cold PBS. Conclusions: The PBS might be an alternative collecting medium for HPV detection in the low-resource areas. Further evaluations are warranted.}, keywords = {human papillomavirus,liquid-based medium,phosphate buffer saline,HPV DNA detection}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89836.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89836_01a002dc0d5cef5ad1498fdd846564f3.pdf} } @article { author = {Aliyah, Siti and Ardiyan, Yustina and Mardhiyah, Iffah and Herdini, camelia and Dwianingsih, Ery and Aning, Sumartiningsih and Handayani, Niken Satuti and Asmara, Widya and Fachiroh, Jajah and Paramita, Dewi}, title = {The Distribution of M2 Macrophage and Treg in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Tumor Tissue and the Correlation with TNM Status and Clinical Stage}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3447-3453}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3447}, abstract = {Objective: This study aimed to identify the distribution of M2 macrophage and Treg in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) tumor tissue samples. The presence of these two groups of cells was further correlated to clinical stage, tumor size, the lymphatic node involvement, and metastasis. Methods: The total of 50 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) NPC tissue samples was collected retrospectively (27 samples) and prospectively (23 samples). Samples were FFPE tissue slices. Immunohistochemistry was done on the FFPE tissue slides using anti-CD-163 and anti-FoxP-3 antibodies for M2 macrophage and Treg detection, respectively. The M2 macrophage interpretation was performed by eye-balling method and the score was divided into 0 (negative), 1 (scant), 2 (focal), and 3 (abundant). The average number of Treg FOXP3+ cells in 5 high power fields (HPF) was calculated. The relationship of M2 macrophage and Treg was tested with Spearman’s correlation. The relationship between M2 macrophage and Treg with clinical stage, tumor size, node involvement and metastasis was tested by chi square, with p<0.1. Results: M2 macrophage and Treg were positive correlated (r=0.469, p<0.001). The presence of M2 macrophage and regulatory T cell (Treg) was significantly correlated to tumor size (p= 0.091 for M2 macrophage and p=0.022 for Treg) and clinical stage (p= 0.030 for M2 macrophage and p= 0.002 for Treg), but did not correlate with lymphatic node involvement and metastasis. Conclusions: In Epstein-Barr virus related NPC tumor microenvironment, the presence of M2 macrophage was correlated with Treg, and both types of the cells were correlated with tumor size and clinical stages.  }, keywords = {CD163,FOXP3,M2 Macrophage,Treg,NPC}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89863.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89863_38eac781a51bd1104d779d512a36f1a0.pdf} } @article { author = {Sutanto, Yusup and Ibrahim, Dede and Septiawan, Debree and Sudiyanto, Aris and Kurniawan, Hendra}, title = {Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Improving Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Pre-Diagnosed Lung Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3455-3460}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3455}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on anxiety, depression, and quality of life of pre-diagnosed lung cancer patients. Methods: A total of 32 pre-diagnosed subjects were divided into 16 Cognitive behaviour theraphy (CBT)-intervention patients and 16 control subjects. The study subjects were pre-diagnosed lung cancer patients hospitalized at Regional Public Hospital Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. For the treatment group, CBT psychotherapy interventions were given for up to 6 sessions every 2 days. The patient was tested for Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS)-based anxiety symptom criteria and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD)-based depression and followed The World Health Organization Quality of Life- Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF)-based quality of life criteria. The effect of CBT intervention was measured using an independent t-test and the Mann–Whitney test. Results: There was a significant difference in the intervention group post-test: HARS criteria decreased by −8.38 ± 2.90, HRSD decreased by an average of −6.75 ± 3.30, and WHOQOL-BREF increased by an average of 16.80 ± 10.13 compared with the control group. Conclusion: CBT affects the improvement of anxiety, depression, and quality of life for pre-diagnosed lung cancer patients.}, keywords = {Keywords: anxiety,cognitive behavior therapy,depression,Lung cancer,Quality of Life}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89837.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89837_c2cc92ac11a080587fb423d0a6eb69a0.pdf} } @article { author = {Khomphaiboonkij, Uraiwan and Termsarasab, Chanisorn}, title = {Can Pretreatment Serum Beta-hCG be Used for Predicting Thyrotoxicosis in Gestational Trophoblastic Disease?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3461-3465}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3461}, abstract = {Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) comprises a diverse spectrum of entities of abnormal cellular proliferations originating in placental trophoblasts. The specific marker of GTD is beta-hCG which has a similar structure to the TSH molecule, interfering level of thyroid hormones. How and when to check for thyroid function test during this period remain challenging. Objective: To assess values of pretreatment beta-hCG and its benefit for predicting thyrotoxicosis among patients with diagnoses of GTD. Methods: Retrospective analytical study included all women diagnosed with GTD at Lampang Hospital from January 2010 to May 2020. The patients’ pretreatment beta-hCG and thyroid function were collected. Sensitivity and specificity for detecting laboratory hyperthyroidism were reported and classified by pretreatment beta-hCG levels. Results: Forty-four women with diagnoses of GTD were recruited. The range of pretreatment beta-hCG levels were classified  into 4 groups: beta-hCG > 50,000 IU/ml (group 1), beta-hCG > 100,000 IU/ml (group 2), beta-hCG > 150,000 IU/ml (group 3), beta-hCG > 200,000 IU/ml (group 4). The sensitivity for prediction of high fT4 were 100%, 94.1%, 94.1% and 88.2% in group 1,2,3 and 4, respectively, while the specificity were 12%, 20%, 32% and 44% in group 1,2,3 and 4, respectively. Conclusion: Pretreatment beta-hCG > 100,000 uIU/ml has the high sensitivity and acceptable specificity for predicting hyperthyroidism. So we don’t need to check or wait for thyroid function test in patients who had beta-hCG < 100,000 IU/ml.}, keywords = {Gestational trophoblastic disease,thyrotoxicosis,beta-hCG}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89838.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89838_89b385dcdc009388bfc6626bc380abf8.pdf} } @article { author = {Atta, Shimaa and Ibrahim, Amina and Megahed, Fayed Attia Koutb}, title = {In-Vitro Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of Eremina desertorum (Forsskal, 1775) Snail Mucin}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3467-3474}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3467}, abstract = {Objectives: The aim of the present research is to elucidate the anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activities of the mucin extracted from Ereminia desertorum snails´ mucus against two types of tumor cell lines; human colon adenocarcinoma (CACO-2) cells and human hepatoma (HepG-2) cells. Methods: Both cell lines were treated with Ereminia desertorum snails´ mucin and the oxidative markers were measured in culture media and cells by biochemical and gene expression analysis using RT-PCR. The tumor suppressor gene expression was also evaluated using RT-PCR. Results: The culture media of HepG-2 or CACO-2 cells treated with the extract have high significant increased levels of catalase, SOD, GSH and total antioxidants. Apart from SOD in CACO-2 cells that didn’t differ from untreated cells. Also, Gene expression levels (2^-ddct) of the antioxidant markers in HepG-2 cells; GSTA-1, catalase, SOD, and GPx increased in mucin- treated cells. Also, these antioxidant genetic markers were up-regulated in CACO-2 cells by treatment with mucin extract. Gene expression levels (2^-ddct) of tumor suppression genes (p53, Rb, APC, and PTEN) in both HepG-2 and CaCO-2 cells were increased in mucin extract-treated cells. Conclusion: The present study highlighted the anti-oxidant and the anti-cancer activities of the mucin extracted from E. desertorum snails´ mucus that could attract attention to such natural product as a possible source of therapeutic compounds against liver and colon cancers.}, keywords = {Eremina desertorum,Antioxidant,anti-tumor,CACO-2,HepG-2}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89866.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89866_9056a1448837a5d0ca2bf1ab2238c419.pdf} } @article { author = {Chan, Mei Wai and Chean, Kooi Yau and Kader Maideen, Siti Fatimah and Kow, Fei Ping}, title = {The Intention and Uptake of Colorectal Cancer Screening after a Brief Health Education Program in a Malaysian Primary Care Setting: A Population-Based Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3475-3482}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3475}, abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer in men and the second most common cancer in women in Malaysia. A major challenge for CRC screening programs is to improve the screening participation rates. In Malaysia, the most critical barrier to the uptake of CRC screening is the lack of patient awareness. This study aimed to determine the intention and the uptake of CRC screening, and to explore the related motivators and barriers after raising awareness with a brief health education. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in a government health clinic of Penang from March to August 2019. Asymptomatic clinic attendees aged 50-75 years who had no prior awareness of CRC screening were recruited by systematic random sampling technique. Participants first received a standardised one to one health education, followed by an interview using a standardised questionnaire to assess their CRC screening intention and the relevant motivators and barriers. A submission of a sample for immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT) was considered as an uptake of the CRC screening. Results: A total of 546 participants participated in this study. The mean age of the participants was 62.8 (SD=6.36). Majority of them were females (57.3%), Chinese (78.6%), who had attained primary or higher education (92.0%) and had comorbidities (87.0%).  After a brief health education, 231 participants (42.3%) agreed to undergo iFOBT. The actual screening uptake rate in this study was 28%. Perceived benefit of the test (84.4%) was the most common motivators, while self-perceived non-vulnerability was the biggest impediment to CRC screening intention. Physicians’ recommendation was the perceived most effective way in raising CRC awareness. Conclusion: Participants prefer physicians to provide health education. Standardised brief health education is inadequate to stimulate CRC screening adherence. Future interventions will require in-depth understanding of patients’ beliefs, risk perception, and affective responses.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,Screening,Malaysia,Health Education,Primary Health Care}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89839.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89839_8f365348e6c1eefd9fa73fe8a3a039ec.pdf} } @article { author = {Puri, Gopal and Lohani, Kush and Khadka, Sarada and Kataria, Kamal and Ranjan, Piyush and Hari, Smriti and Mathur, Sandeep and Dhar, Anita and Srivastava, Anurag}, title = {Clinicopathological and Radiological Features with Long Term Follow Up of Metaplastic Carcinoma Breast in India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3483-3492}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3483}, abstract = {Objective: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a heterogeneous group of invasive carcinomas with squamous and/or mesenchymal differentiation. Because of their rare occurrence, the information regarding the clinical behaviour of metaplastic carcinomas is limited. The purpose of our study was to delineate the clinicopathological and radiological features, treatment outcomes, prognostic factors, and survival of patients with MBC. Methods: Ambispective observational study with prospective recruitment was done from 1st January 2019 to 31st August 2020. Retrospective data included between 1st January 2009 and 31st December 2018. In the retrospective group surgical database of our department was searched and those with MBC diagnosis on post-operative histopathology recruited. In prospective group patients with MBC on core biopsy were followed and those operated were included. The patients followed up at our breast cancer clinic (BCC) and their demographic, clinical, pathological radiological and treatment details noted. Results: Forty patients formed the study population. The mean age of the patents was 42 years. Ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastasis was present in 22.5%. The pathological median tumor size was 5.4 (range 2.1 to 22 cm). The most common differentiation was cartilaginous (35%) followed by squamous (32.5%). The most common mammographic grading was BIRADS 4 (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data system). Magnetic resonance imaging was T2 hyperintense with peripheral rim enhancement and restriction on DWI. The median overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was 42 and 40 months, respectively. Fifteen patients (37.5%) had disease related mortality. A subgroup analysis revealed that, type of differentiation, histopathology and tumor size > 5cm affected both OS and DFS significantly. Conclusion: Metaplastic breast cancer in our setup presents in young patients with aggressive large tumors at a higher stage and diverse histopathology and with comparable overall and disease-free survival. The histological subtype, tumor differentiation and tumor size are prognostic factors.}, keywords = {Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma,triple negative breast cancer,Overall and disease-free survival}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89840.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89840_e6a387e78ad49fcf494777af5b0d01c6.pdf} } @article { author = {Sefidbakht, Salma and Saeedipour, Hanieh and Saffar, Hiva and Mirzaian, Elham}, title = {Determination of β-catenin Expression in Breast Cancer and Its Relationship with Clinicopathologic Parameters}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3493-3498}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3493}, abstract = {Background: Abnormal activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in various malignancies, including breast carcinoma.Aberrant expression of β-catenin has been associated with more aggressive behaviors of breast cancer in some previous studies. . In the present study, we intend to evaluate the β-catenin expression in breast cancer specimens and study its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. Materials and method: In this cross-sectional study,88 samples diagnosed as invasive ductal breast carcinoma from 2007 to 2017 were evaluated. The slides and paraffin blocks were retrieved from the archive of pathology department. Patients’ clinical characteristics and other information were also extracted from medical documents. Sections from related paraffin blocks through the tissue microarray method were provided, and immunohistochemistry staining for β-catenin was done. Then different patterns of β-catenin expression and the relationship between different patterns and clinicopathological parameters were investigated. Results: Of the 88 breast cancer samples, 94% were female, and 6% were male. In 70% of the samples, normal membrane expression of β-catenin was observed. Whereas in 30% of them, aberrant expression of β-catenin was observed. A close significant relationship was observed between aberrant β-catenin expression and age over 50 years (p-value: 0.093) and negative HER2 (p-value: 0.07). Conclusion: In the present study, a correlation was observed between aberrant β-catenin expression and age over 50 years in patients and HER2 negativity, although this association was not statistically significant.}, keywords = {β -catenin,breast cancer,Clinicopathologic Parameters}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89867.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89867_775a606c8e24db2190748735f0908116.pdf} } @article { author = {khiari, Houyem and Cherif, Ines and M’ghirbi, Fahmi and Mezlini, Amel and Hsairi, Mohamed}, title = {COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance and Its Associated Factors among Cancer Patients in Tunisia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3499-3506}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3499}, abstract = {Background: Vaccination is the most effective way to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and to protect people who have a higher risk of developing severe illness and death from COVID-19 such as cancer patients. We aimed in this study to determine the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination of the Salah Azaiez Institute (SAI) of cancer of Tunisia patients and to identify its associated factors. Methods: It was a cross sectional study about patients admitted to the SAI for treatment during the month of February 2021. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among Tunisian cancer patients. Results: A total of 200 patients were included in this study with a mean age of 54.4±12.7 years and a gender ratio of 0.5. Only 35.0% of surveyed patients reported their acceptance to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Multivariate analysis showed that believing in COVID-19 vaccine safety and efficacy (OR=3.1 [1.3-7.4]), enrollment in the COVID-19 vaccine platform (OR=8.3 [1.8-38.1]) and the willingness to receive influenza vaccine (OR=3.9 [1.6-9.3]) were independently associated with the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among SAI cancer patients. Conclusions: The COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate found in this study was low. Communication strategies of the vaccination campaigns should provide clear, simple and detailed messages about the efficacy and the benefits of the COVID-19 vaccines. More engagement of health authorities to promote COVID-19 vaccination is necessary.}, keywords = {COVID-19 vaccines,Vaccine acceptance,attitudes,Neoplasms,Tunisia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89841.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89841_2cb375fc492d07ea929d5847280b2150.pdf} } @article { author = {Pappuswamy, Manikantan and Meyyazhagan, Arun and Balasubramanian, Balamuralikrish and Bhotla, Haripriya Kuchi and Pushparaj, Karthika and Easwaran, Murugesh and Arumugam, Vijaya Anand and Periyaswamy, Thirunavukkarasu and Dhandapani, Karthick}, title = {Carcinogens in Food: Evaluating the Presence of Cadmium, Lead, in Poultry Meat in South India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3507-3511}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3507}, abstract = {Objective: Local chickens were spontaneously sampled and slaughtered in the central markets of Coimbatore, Erode, and Namakkal districts, South India. Materials and Methods: Wet digestion was used to extract lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in their blood and selected different organs (intestine, breast, liver, and gizzard), and their concentrations were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: Apart from the blood of chickens from Coimbatore and Namakkal, where Pb was not found, the concentrations of Pb in the blood and organs of chickens from the three towns ranged from 1.8 to 8.33 mg/kg, exceeding the maximum tolerance thresholds (0.1 mg/kg) in internal organs of poultry birds. Except for the intestine of chickens from the three areas, Cd was only found in the heart, blood, and gizzard of Erode chickens, as well as the liver and gizzard of Namakkal chickens, in concentrations ranging from 0.13 to 0.58. According to threshold level, the upper limit met the maximum limits (0.5 mg/kg). Zn was found in all sections of chickens from the three selected districts, with concentrations ranging from 4.96 to 174.17 mg/kg. Conclusion: Its concentrations were within the permissible limits (10-50 mg/kg) in some areas of certain chickens, but it surpassed the permissible limit in the liver of chicken from Coimbatore. Any organs and blood from local chickens sold in Coimbatore, Erode, and Namakkal areas can be hazardous to one’s health.}, keywords = {Poultry chicken,Toxic effects,Lead,Cadmium and Zinc}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89842.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89842_9ca397eaaf8137865dba52260acbe7b4.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed Mohmmed, Elham and Shousha, Wafaa and El-Saiid, Abeer and Ramadan, Shimaa}, title = {A Clinical Evaluation of Circulating MiR-106a and Raf-1 as Breast Cancer Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3513-3520}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3513}, abstract = {Objective: MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) regulate mammalian cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis by altering the expression of other genes and serve multiple roles in tumorigenesis and progression. Proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (RAF-1) functions as a part of the MAPK/ERK signal transduction pathway. The present study aim was to prospectively evaluate MicroRNA 106a (MiR-106a) and RAF-1 as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in early prediction of breast cancer (BC), recurrence and early detection of distant metastasis as well as to analyses the statistical correlation between MiR-106a and RAF-1 levels and clinical-pathological parameters including tumor size, lymph node, histological type and grading. Methods: Sera and plasma of 30 normal women and 50 women with breast carcinoma were assayed for MiR-106a by RT-qPCR as well as levels of Hb, WBCs and platelets count and RAF-1 by solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The patients’ characteristics, they were classified according to grade into 8% grade I, 66% grade II, 22% grade III and 4% grade IV. The stages were classified according to the TNM system as stage II was the highest percentage 66%, while the lowest percentage was 10% for stage I and 24% for stage III. Also, Hb% and RAF-1 levels were significantly decreased in breast cancer patients as compared with healthy control. On the other hand, MiRNA-106a gene expression was non-significantly increased in positive lymph node metastasis patients (FC=3.66) when compared to patients with negative lymph node metastasis (FC=3.51). In addition, MiR-106a was significantly up-regulated in breast cancer patients with a fold of change 3.63 when compared to control samples. Conclusion: Expression of MiR-106a gene can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic noninvasive biomarker which can stimulates breast cancer cell invasion and proliferation through downregulation of Raf-1 levels. }, keywords = {lymph node,Metastasis,MicroRNA-106a,WBCs,diagnostic and prognostic marker}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89868.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89868_da1ef0a9d1a3080148fb3505cb2d1cef.pdf} } @article { author = {Sripariwuth, Ekawee and Piwchan, Setthachai and Pongcharoen, Sutatip}, title = {Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Level in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3521-3524}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3521}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of carcinoembryonic-antigen-related cell-adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in predicting the severity of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods: We evaluated 40 healthy subjects and 40 HCC patients by collecting venous blood for the comparison. Serum CEACAM1 was detected using the Human CEACAM1 ELISA Kit. Other laboratory chemistries were analyzed by standard methods. Results: The serum level of CEACAM1 was not different between HCC patients and healthy subjects (p=0.0069). There was a correlation between serum CEACAM1 level and total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin. There was also a statistically significant difference among serum CEACAM1 levels stratified by BCLC staging and MELD score at the cut-point of 18. Lower platelet count, higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were observed in HCC patients. Conclusion: An increase of serum CEACAM1 level was associated with cholestasis. The role of this molecule in HCC diagnosis was unclear. However, serum CAECAM1 may be useful to predict the severity in HCC patients.}, keywords = {CEACAM1,Hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC,Serum}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89860.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89860_2b237e7754dbc1ea3a3e8dd47a2d9300.pdf} } @article { author = {Ikram, Dzul and Masadah, Rina and Nelwan, Berti and Zainuddin, Andi and Ghaznawie, Mahmud and Wahid, Syarifuddin}, title = {CD133 Act as an Essential Marker in Ovarian Carcinogenesis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3525-3531}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3525}, abstract = {Objective: To analyze the role of cancer stem cells (CSC) in ovarian carcinogenesis through the identification of CD133 expression in the normal ovary (NO), serous cystadenoma (SC), borderline serous tumour (BST), low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC), and high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Materials and methods: A total of 48 tissue samples contain 5 NO, 10 SC, 5 BST, 8 LGSC, and 20 HGSC were stained with anti-CD133 antibody by immunohistochemical protocol. The difference in the H-score of CD133 expression between groups and their relationship to age, histomorphology, and localization was analyzed. Results: CD133 expression varied among tumor groups, with clinicopathologic parameters showing diverse associations (age p = 0.773; histomorphology p = 0.001; and localization p = 0.026). The comparison of CD133 H-scores differed significantly between each group (p = 0.0031), in which precursor and malignant lesions possessed more robust CD133 expression. Conclusion: The presence of CD133 cellular expression and localization in different types of serous ovarian tumours suggests that these markers are involved in ovarian tumorigenesis.}, keywords = {CD133,Cancer stem cells,carcinogenesis,Ovarian Cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89843.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89843_d44526c176fcf2e58d165f1dedddde75.pdf} } @article { author = {Hameed, Mustafa and Mkashaf, Ihsan and Al-Shawi, Ali A and Hussein, Kawkab}, title = {Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Heart Components Extracted from Iraqi Phoneix Dactylifera Chick}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3533-3541}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3533}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in women, and it is a major cause of cancer death worldwide, as well as one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Traditional herbal therapy has been widely used in some developing countries as a complementary and alternative technique. Because of their low toxicity, medicinal edible plants have been allowed to minimize the risk of breast cancer and other diseases. The heart of Phoenix dactylifera is a well-known, safe, and common edible part of the P. dactylifera plant (Hilawi variety). The biological properties of heart of P. dactylifera are unclear, and the appeal warrants further investigation. The aim of this study is to look into the chemical compositions, antioxidant and anticancer properties of heart of P. dactylifera extract obtained via microwave-assisted extraction. Methods: Microwave-assisted extraction, ethanol solvent, gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis, DPPH assay, MTT assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis were all used to evaluate the activity of heart of P. dactylifera. Results: GC–MS was used to identify the chemical compositions of heart of P. dactylifera extract, which revealed about 15 bioactive compounds. The antioxidant activity of heart of P. dactylifera extract was determined to have an IC50 value of 114.2 µg/ml. The cytotoxicity was measured using MCF-7 cells, and the IC50 was reported to be 620.1 µg/ml. The cell cycle was arrested at the G1 gate, resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. Conclusion: The findings suggested that regular consumption of P. dactylifera heart components is important for nutrition and immune system support in the prevention of breast cancer, and that more research into molecular apoptotic pathways is needed.}, keywords = {Apoptosis,breast cancer,Cell cycle,microwave-assisted extraction,heart of Phoenix dactylifera}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89844.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89844_3e1a41d3a73c5b1c75b06ecc1beb040a.pdf} } @article { author = {Khozama, Sam and Mayya, Ali}, title = {Study the Effect of the Risk Factors in the Estimation of the Breast Cancer Risk Score Using Machine Learning}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3543-3551}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3543}, abstract = {Objective: Early prediction of breast cancer is one of the most essential fields of medicine. Many studies have introduced prediction approaches to facilitate the early prediction and estimate the future occurrence based on mammography periodic tests. In the current research, we introduce a novel machine learning tool for the early prediction of breast cancer. Methods: Three basic resources are used to identify the most essential risk factors; including the BCSC (Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium) dataset, a medical questionnaire, and multiple international breast cancer reports. The BCSC dataset has been normalized and balanced; consequently, the questionnaire and the medical reports are analyzed in order to define the degree of importance and a potential weight factor of each risk factor. These weights are used to scale risk factors and then the optimizable tree-based ML model is trained using the balanced weighted risk factors datasets. Results: Three balanced versions of the BCSC dataset are used; oversampled, down-sampled and mixed datasets. Each risk factor has a weight (1, 2 or 4) assigned based on a mathematical modelling of the questionnaire and the international breast cancer reports. The experiments are applied on the weighted and non-weighted versions of the database, and they indicate that the performance increases significantly by using the weighted version of the risk factors. The tests prove that the down-weighting of the non-essential risk factor increases the accuracy and reduces errors. The overall accuracy of the weighted balanced datasets reaches 100%, 95.8% and 95.9% for down-sampled, oversampled and mixed datasets respectively. Conclusion: Weighting the risk factors of the BCSC dataset improves the performance by increasing the accuracy and reducing the false rejection and false discovery rates for all versions of balanced datasets. The weighting approach can also be used to improve the estimation score of breast cancer by scaling the individual scores of risk factors.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Cancer prediction,Machine Learning,risk factors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89845.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89845_1c1c34e6ce629c9a4822bb40dabd6ade.pdf} } @article { author = {Helal, Noha and Omran, Zeinab and Aboushousha, Tarek and Youssef, Magdy and Badawy, Afkar and Aboul-Ezz, Mohammed and Moussa, Mona}, title = {Prognostic Significance of p27 and Survivin in H. pylori Gastritis and Gastric Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3553-3559}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3553}, abstract = {Objective: to assess expression of p27 and survivin in chronic gastritis with/without H. pylori ± intestinal metaplasia (IM) and in intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC). Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for p27 and survivin on paraffin-embedded sections of 20 chronic gastritis, 20 H. pylori gastritis, 15 H. pylori gastritis with IM, 50 IGC, and 10 controls. Positivity (number of positive cases) and expression (mean percentage of positive gastric cells) for both proteins were evaluated. Results: P27 positivity and expression decreased from control to chronic gastritis to H. pylori gastritis to H. pylori gastritis with IM. In IGC, p27 positivity and expression were lower than controls and chronic gastritis but higher than H. pylori gastritis ±IM. High grade and advanced stage IGCs have insignificantly lower p27 positivity and expression than low grade and early stage IGCs. By contrast, survivin positivity and expression increased from chronic gastritis to H. pylori gastritis to H. pylori gastritis with IM to IGCs. High grade and advanced stage IGCs have significantly higher survivin positivity and expression than low grade and early stage IGCs. Males have higher positivity and expression for p27 and survivin than females. Conclusion: Inverse relation between p27 and survivin in H. pylori gastritis, H. pylori gastritis with IM and IGCs lesions, suggesting that both proteins could be used as potential prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarkers in H. pylori and IM associated- gastritis as well as in IGC.}, keywords = {immunohistochemistry,H. pylori,intestinal metaplasia,Gastric cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89846.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89846_3e5bebc3042c1555872c86d13a9250d2.pdf} } @article { author = {Tendean, Michael and Riwanto, Ignatius}, title = {The Effects of Phyllanthus niruri Linn on Infiltrating Dendritic Cell and Ratio of Neutrophile/Lymphocytes in Chemotherapy of Sprague-Dawley Rats with Colorectal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3561-3568}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3561}, abstract = {Background: Chemotherapy as part of colorectal cancer management can cause death to immunologically active tumor cell, but also it has immune suppressive effect. Phyllanthus niruri Linn is known to has immunomodulatory effect. This study was intended to prove P. niruri Linn effect on infiltrating dendritic cells and Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) in Sprague–Dawley rats with colorectal cancer which were given capecitabine chemotherapy. Methods: The study was randomized post–test only control group design. The samples were 39 Sprague–Dawley male rats, with body weight around 170–220 grams, induced by 1,2-dimetylhydrazine (DMH) 30 mg/kgBW once per week subcutaneously. On 9th,11th and 13th week, there were four induced rats sacrificed each week to detect colorectal cancer (CRC) development. On the 13th week, all of the 4 sacrificed rats developed colon cancer, so the induction had to be stopped. The rest of 27 induced rats were randomly divided into three groups: control-group (K) were left untreated (9 rats), group P1 (9 rats) were given Capecitabine and group P2 (9 rats) were given Capecitabine with combination of P. niruri Linn extract 13.5 mg/kgBW orally. After 17th week, all rats were terminated and tumor lesion of colon were processed to be paraffin blocks and were stained with HE for evaluating the NLRs, and immunohistochemistry (S100) for evaluating infiltrating dendritic cells. Data was analyzed by using Oneway-Anova-test and post-Hoc LSD-test. Considered significant if p was <0.05. Results: The mean±standard deviation of infiltrating dendritic cells showed increasing value in group P2 (62.11±31.35) compared to group P1 (52.78±29.24) though not statistically significant. The mean of NLRs also showed statistically significant elevation of value in group P2 (0.13±0.05) compared to group P1 (0.04±0.01). Conclusion: Extract of Phyllanthus niruri Linn increasing immunologic status through elevation of infiltrating dendritic cells and NLRs in animal model colorectal cancer with Capecitabine chemotherapy.}, keywords = {Phyllanthus niruri Linn,infiltrating dendritic cells,neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,capecitabine,colorectal cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89869.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89869_c4f5c56b8e1090d901f13003e392f69b.pdf} } @article { author = {Le, Duong and Vo, Thang and Sarakarn, Pongdech}, title = {Overall Survival Rate of Vietnamese Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study in the Central Region of Vietnam}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3569-3575}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3569}, abstract = {Background: This study investigated the overall survival (OS) at 1-year, 3-years, and 5-years after colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis and examined the prognostic factors of mortality among patients with CRC in Vietnam’s central region. Methods: This ambidirectional cohort study included patients newly diagnosed with CRC at a tertiary hospital in Vietnam’s central region between 2013 and 2019. Survival duration was calculated from the surgery date or the first day of CRC-specific treatment until the date of death or the study’s end date, July 31, 2020. Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank test were used to estimate and compare the OS between the subgroups, respectively. The Cox proportional-hazards (PH) regression analysis was applied to estimate the magnitude of the effects between prognostic factors and outcome. Results: The median follow-up was 24 months (interquartile range: 13–43 months). The OS rate dropped significantly to 84.7%, 56.19%, and 45.01% at 1-year, 3-years, and 5-years after diagnosis, respectively. The median OS was 48.59 months (39.34 –57.93 months) for the rectum and colon cases. In the multivariate analysis, a higher mortality risk was observed in patients with an advanced-stage CRC (HRadj, 3.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.79–5.18), who were underweight (<18.5 kg/m2; HRadj, 1.65; 95%CI, 1.03–2.65), and had elevated preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (>5.0 ng/mL; HRadj, 1.63; 95%CI, 1.03–2.59). Additionally, younger patients (<50 years) had a poorer OS than the middle-aged group (60–69 years). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that <50% of Vietnamese patients with CRC survive until 5-years after diagnosis. Several individual factors that contribute to the poor OS of patients with CRC, including young age, underweight, and elevated preoperative CEA level, should be evaluated and managed. Early diagnoses through active routine examination of or screening programs for high-risk groups should be prioritized.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,Overall survival,ambidirectional cohort,Vietnamese}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89847.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89847_0e73d2c57e0718e9b3fe5ea092328e60.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Emshaty, Hoda and Hassan, Doaa and El-Hemaly, Mohamed and Ismail, Hisham}, title = {Clinical Association of CD44 Expression with Proliferative Activity and Apoptotic State in Egyptian Patients Suffering from Ulcerative Colitis and Colorectal Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3577-3583}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3577}, abstract = {Background and aim: Cancer stem cell markers were thoroughly investigated as a promising strategy for the prediction of patient outcome and therapeutic response. The prospective role of CD44 cell adhesion molecule in tumorigenic potential and its association with the proliferative activity and apoptotic status of Egyptian patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) were investigated in this study. Material and method: Flow cytometric analyses of CD44, DNA cell cycle, and apoptosis identified by Annexin V/PI were performed on colonic tissue specimens obtained from 44 CRC patients, 36 UC patients, and 30 controls. Results: The CRC patients showed overexpression of CD44 marker (p < 0.0001) in comparison with UC and control groups. Regression analysis identified CD44 marker as an independent predictor for tumor staging and grading (p < 0.0001) of CRC patients. The CD44 expression was positively correlated with tumor stage (r = 0.656), tumor grade (r = 0.645), and the proliferative activity of DNA cell cycle (S phase, r = 0.396). However, CD44 expression was negatively correlated with early apoptosis (r = - 0.525). Conclusion: According to our findings, there was a significant and  positive association between CD44 dysregulated expression and S phase of DNA cell cycle but a negative association with early apoptosis in CRC patients, suggesting CD44 role in apoptosis suppression reducing the tumor growth reserve.}, keywords = {CD44,marker,Flow Cytometry,colorectal cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89848.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89848_ac96d377f25cae8210e952b2c76ef654.pdf} } @article { author = {Aref, Salah and Atia, Doaa and Al Tantawy, Ahmed and Al Boghdady, Mohamed and Gouda, Enas}, title = {Predictive Value of miR-146a rs2431697 Polymorphism to Myelofibrosis Progression in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasm}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3585-3589}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3585}, abstract = {Background: Bone marrow myelofibrosis (BMF) that develop on top of Polycythaemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia leads to shortening of the patient’s overall survival. This study aimed to address the impact of miR-146a rs2431697 polymorphism on inflammatory biomarkers and genes expression and the hazards of myelofibrosis progression. Patients and Methods: The study included 88 myeloproliferative neoplasm (40 PV; 27 ET; 21 MF) and 90 healthy controls. For all investigated subjects miR-146a rs2431697 genotypes were identified by sequencing and the expression of miR-146a; IL-1β; NF-κB; a NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) (NLRP3) genes were estimated by real time PCR. Results: miR146a genotypes revealed that there was significant association between TT and TC genotypes with MF. The degree of miR146a expression was significantly reduced in MF as compared to both PV and ET. In contrast; the levels of IL-1β; NF-κB; NLRP3 genes expression were significantly elevated in MF patients group as compared to PV and ET patients’ group. Multivariate analysis identified TT genotype as poor predictor of MF progression. Conclusion: miR-146a rs2431697 TT genotype is associated with high risk of MF progression in MPN patients. Targeting of IL-1β; NF-κB; NLRP3 genes might help  in hindering of  MF progression in  MPN patients, }, keywords = {miR-146a,MPN,Myelofibrosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89849.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89849_69b0d0137fa36542a2341da1c2adf251.pdf} } @article { author = {Pappuswamy, Manikantan and Meyyazhagan, Arun and Balasubramanian, Balamuralikrishnan and Bhotla, Haripriya Kuchi and Pushparaj, Karthika and Easwaran, Murugesh and Arumugam, Vijaya Anand and Periyaswamy, Thirunavukkarasu and Chaudhary, Aditi and Rajesh, Nanditha and Sundaram, Rajkumar and Dhandapani, Karthick}, title = {Cytogenetic Consequences of Food Industry Workers Occupationally Exposed to Cooking Oil Fumes (COFs)}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3591-3599}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3591}, abstract = {Background: Cooking oil fumes (COFs) with smoking habits is a substantial risk that aggravates genetic modifications. The current study was to estimate the biological markers of genetic toxicity counting Micronucleus changes (MN), Chromosome Aberrations (CA) and DNA modifications among COFs exposures and control subjects inherent from South India. Materials and Methods: Present analysis comprised 212 COFs with tobacco users and equivalent number of control subjects. Results: High frequency of CA (Chromatid type: and chromosome type) were identified in group II experimental subjects also high amount of MN and DNA damage frequency were significantly (p < 0.05) in both subjects (experimental smokers and non-smokers). Present analysis was observed absence of consciousness among the COFs exposures about the destructive level of health effects of tobacco habits in working environment. Conclusion: COFs exposed workers with tobacco induce the significant alteration in chromosomal level. Furthermore, a high level of rate of genetic diseases (spontaneous abortion) were identified in the experimental subjects. This finding will be helpful for preventive measures of COFs exposed workers and supportive for further molecular analysis}, keywords = {cooking oil fumes,Cytogenetic changes,DNA,Comet,Tobacco user}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89850.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89850_9970c27d72b17aa590f35b7a79178831.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmat, Azmi Nor Mohd Farez and Wan Puteh, Sharifa Ezat and Yusak, Suhana}, title = {Efficacy of Rivaroxaban Use in Solid Tumour Malignancy: Experience from a Tertiary Care Cancer Centre}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3601-3606}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3601}, abstract = {Objective: Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT) is a common disease or complication which is associated with reduced survival and incurring a substantial health-care cost. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) remained the gold standard treatment option available. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have recently become more popular in the guidelines, they are still few and inconsistent across the current literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate rivaroxaban in treatment of CAT. Methods: In this prospective real-world study, we recruited and followed up patients diagnosed with CAT treated with rivaroxaban or standard of care as a control for 12 months or until death. Baseline characteristics were collected at the study entry. The primary outcomes were recurrent DVT or PE and death within 12 months after treatment initiation. Safety outcomes were composite outcomes of major and minor bleeding.    Results: A total of 80 patients confirm CAT with radiological imaging were recruited; 39 patients were evaluated in the control arm and 41 patients in the rivaroxaban arm. The 12 months cumulative CAT recurrence rate was 46.2% in control and 39% in rivaroxaban (p=0.519). The 12-month death was not a statistically significant difference between both arms (20.5% vs. 31.7%, p=0.255). The cumulative rate of composite safety outcomes was similar in both groups (17.9% vs. 12.2%, p=0.471). Conclusion: The result of this small but important real-world evidence proofs that rivaroxaban is an effective and safe alternative to the standard of care for CAT in Malaysia’s cancer population.}, keywords = {Cancer-associated thrombosis,rivaroxaban,factor Xa inhibitor,anticoagulants,Efficacy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89851.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89851_3b70ba65b7ecbf365f0cb29a142e348c.pdf} } @article { author = {Ashfaque, Ambreen and Hanif, Farina and Simjee, Shabana and Bari, Muhammad and Faizi, Shaheen and Zehra, Sumbul and Mirza, Talat and Begum, Sumreen and Khan, Lubna}, title = {Opuntiol Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma Cells by Upregulating Active Caspase 3 Expression}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3607-3613}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3607}, abstract = {Background: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a deadly tumor with poor prognosis. Resistance to apoptosis considered as an important factor in treatment failure. Therefore, identification of new compounds that facilitates apoptosis is crucial. Natural Anti-inflammatory compounds have emerged as potential anti-cancer agents and should be explored for their apoptotic activity against GBM. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate growth inhibitory and apoptotic activity of a natural anti-inflammatory compound “Opuntiol” against GBM cell line U87. Methods: MTT assay was performed to determine the effect of Temozolomide and Opuntiol on growth inhibition of U87 cell. While, TUNEL assay was used to assess their apoptotic activity. To further assess apoptosis, nuclear condensation and nuclear area factor (NAF) was evaluated through DAPI staining. Whereas, active caspase-3 protein expression determined using immunocytochemistry. Results: Significant growth inhibition was observed in U87 cells treated with Temozolomide (IC50 380 µM) and Opuntiol (IC50 357 µM). Temozolomide (p<0.001) and Opuntiol (p<0.001) significantly improved rate of apoptosis when compared to control group. A significant decrease in NAF was also observed in Temozolomide (p < 0.05) and Opuntiol (p < 0.05) treated cells. There was a significant increase in active caspase-3 expression when observed in Temozolomide (p<0.001) and Opuntiol (p<0.05) treated groups as compared to control. Conclusion: In conclusion our findings suggests, Opuntiol repress cell viability and possess strong apoptotic activity against GBM cell line U-87. However, further mechanistic studies will be required to confirm whether it can be develop as a potential drug against GBM.}, keywords = {Temozolomide,DNA Fragmentation,Nuclear condensation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89864.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89864_8a525fd63c31941a26e9f1f49d40435b.pdf} } @article { author = {Yarso, Kristanto and Putra, Muhammad David and Bellynda, Monica and Azmiardi, Akhmad}, title = {Video-Assisted Breast Surgery (VABS) and Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy (VABB) for Fibroadenoma Mammae on Patients’ Satisfaction: A Preliminary Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3615-3621}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3615}, abstract = {Objective: This study aimed to compare the patients’ satisfaction level after fibroadenoma surgery with Video-Assisted Breast Surgery (VABS) and Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy (VABB) techniques. Methods: Patients who underwent VABS or VABB for a diagnosis of fibroadenoma mammae at the Oncology Clinic in Solo, Indonesia were included in this study. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from medical records. Direct or telephone interviews were performed and the patients were asked to complete Universitas Sebelas Maret Breast Satisfaction Questionnaire 8 (UNS-BsQ8) questionnaire. Results: A total sample of 16 patients with VABS and 26 patients with VABB were recruited. All the patients were confirmed to have fibroadenoma based on the pathological result. The mean total scores for VABS and VABB were 34.50 ± 2.094 and 31.57 ± 3.081, respectively (P= 0.137). Out of 8 questions, only 3 items had statistically significant differences. VABS had higher mean score than VABB in terms of surgery cost (P = 0.002), pain in surgery site (P = 0.006), and pain in shoulder (P =  0.013). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in terms of overall patients’ satisfaction level between both groups. However, VABS had a higher mean score than VABB in terms of cost and pain.}, keywords = {Video-Assisted Breast Surgery,Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy,Minimally Invasive Breast Surgery,Fibroadenoma Mammae}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89853.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89853_477e350dde391cba1a7020d36301ac50.pdf} } @article { author = {Norsa’adah, Bachok and Rampal, Krishna and Mohd Amin, Rahmah}, title = {Time Taken for Symptom Recognition, First Consultation, Diagnosis and First Definitive Treatment and Its Associated Factors among Women with Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3623-3631}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3623}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer patients in Malaysia often present late, delaying diagnosis and treatment. Decisions on health-seeking behaviour are influenced by a complex interplay of several factors. Early detection and subsequent successful treatment are the main goal in order to reduce breast cancer mortality. The aims of this study were to identify the time taken by women with breast cancer for consultation, diagnosis and first definitive treatment and the factors associated with the initiation of definitive treatment. Methods: In this cohort study, we interviewed 328 women with histologically confirmed breast cancer at five medical centres in Malaysia. Times were measured from recognition of symptoms to first consultation to diagnosis and to the first definitive treatment. The event was initiation of definitive treatment. Data was analysed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: The mean age was 47.9 (standard deviation 9.4) years and 79.9% were ethnic Malays. The median follow-up time was 6.9 months. The median times for first doctor consultation, diagnosis and initiation of treatment were 2 months, 5.5 months and 2.4 weeks, respectively. The percentage of consultation delay more than a month was 66.8%, diagnosis delay more than three months was 73.2% and treatment delay more than one month was 11.6%. Factors associated with not initiating the definitive treatment were pregnancy (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.75; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.07, 2.88), taking complementary alternative medicine (AHR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.83), initial refusal of mastectomy (AHR 3.49; 95% CI: 2.38, 5.13) and undergoing lumpectomy prior to definitive treatment (AHR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.28). Conclusions: Delays in diagnosis and consultation were more serious than treatment delays. Most respondents would accept treatment immediately after diagnosis. Respondents themselves were responsible for a large proportion of the delays. This study was successful in understanding the process of breast cancer patients’ experience, from symptoms recognition to consultation, diagnosis and treatment.}, keywords = {breast cancer,treatment delay,patient delay,system delay}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89854.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89854_289fcbc817faf83ad4f4b0d8e6c1785c.pdf} } @article { author = {Martviset, Pongsakorn and Panrit, Luxsana and Chantree, Pathanin and Muhamad, Phunuch and Na-Bangchang, Kesara}, title = {Suppression of Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Growth and Proliferation by Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) DC. through ERK-Signaling Cascade}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3633-3640}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3633}, abstract = {Objective: The study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of AL on the ERK signaling molecules (ERK, p-ERK, cyclin D, and eIF4B) and the growth and proliferation of CCA cells. Materials and methods: The viability of the three CCA cell lines CL-6, HuCCT1, and HuH28 was determined using MTT assay. The effect of Ras/ERK inhibitors on protein expression in the presence of AL extract was investigated. The protein extracted from each CCA cell following exposure to AL and/or Ras/ERK inhibitors were separated on 12.5% SDS-PAGE. The analysis of mRNA expression following 48 and 72 hours of AL exposure in comparison with 0 hours (non-exposed cells) was performed by using RT-PCR. Results: The potency of cytotoxic activity of AL (by MTT assay) was about three times higher than the standard drug 5-fluorouracil. The IC50 (concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50%) of AL for the CL-6, HuCCT-1 and HuH28 cell lines were 29.77±6.64, 35.45±4.96, and 35.32±6.69 µg/mL (mean+SD), respectively. The cells were exposed to AL extract at the IC50 for 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours in the absence and presence of Ras/ERK inhibitors (salirasib and XMD8-92). Protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. The results suggested the lack of significant inhibitory effect of AL on ERK at 48 and 72 hours of exposure in all CCA cell types. On the other hand, a significant inhibitory effect was observed with p-ERK expression in all CCA cell types. Cyclin D was significantly down-regulated at 72 hours of exposure in all cell types with different potencies. The expression of eIF4B was markedly inhibited in HuCCT-1 but slightly inhibited in CL-6 and HuH28 cells. Real-time PCR analysis revealed significant down-regulation of ERK following 72 hours of AL exposure in the HuCCT1 and HuH28, but not CL-6 cell. Conclusion: The ERK signaling cascade and downstream molecules are potential targets of action of AL in CCA.}, keywords = {extracellular signal-regulated kinase,Anticancer,Bile duct cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89870.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89870_4f46c505d1fae4d42f64db35e6775507.pdf} } @article { author = {Moshtaghioun, Seyed Mohammad and Fazel-Yazdi, Nasim and Mandegari, Mohammad and Shirinzadeh-Dastgiri, Ahmad and Vakili, Mohammad and Fazel-Yazdi, Habib}, title = {Evaluation the Presence of SERPINA5 (Exon 3) and FTO rs9939609 Polymorphisms in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3641-3646}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3641}, abstract = {Background: A few researches evaluated the association of polymorphisms at SERPINA5 and fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) genes with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) globally. Here, we examined the presence of genetic variations within coding exon 3 of SERPINA5 gene and FTO rs9939609 polymorphism in Iranian PTC patients. Methods: A total of 122 patients (42 cases for SERPINA5 and 80 cases for FTO gene) and 120 healthy subjects (40 subjects or SERPINA5 and 80 subjects for FTO gene) were recruited. The genetic variation within coding exon 3 of SERPINA5 gene was evaluated by reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was evaluated by RFLP-PCR assay. Results: The PCR-SSCP technique detected two rs6115G>A and rs6112T>C genetic variations within coding exon 3 of SERPINA5 gene and approved also by direct sequencing. For rs6112T>C polymorphism seven patients was heterozygous and for rs6115G>A seven PTC patients were heterozygous and two patients were homozygous. Conclusion: This study indicated that SERPINA5 rs6115G>A and rs6112T>C polymorphisms might be a novel susceptibility locus for PTC in Iranian patients. However, our findings do not support an association between FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and PTC risk.}, keywords = {Papillary thyroid cancer,SERPINA5,FTO,PCR-SSCP,Variation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89855.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89855_b68d280b594d6ace3a76c8bf3729769e.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghosh, Archismaan and Mukherjee, Sutapa and Roy, Madhumita}, title = {Chemopreventive Role of Black Tea Extract in Swiss Albino Mice Exposed to Inorganic Arsenic}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3647-3661}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3647}, abstract = {Objective: Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) may cause a number of health problems including skin cancer. Present study is aimed to look into the potential of black tea extract (BTE) to prevent the development of skin carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Methods: The study was done on Swiss albino mice, chronically exposed to inorganic arsenic. 150 mice were housed in different cages, 5 in each cage. The control mice did not receive any treatment. Mice were sacrificed at 30, 90, 180, 270 and 330 days. Development of carcinogenesis was assessed by histological studies. Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Oxygen Species (RNS) were estimated using 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and Greiss reagent respectively, and their consequences on DNA (by Micronuclei and Comet assay), protein (by protein carbonyl assay kit) and lipid (by lipid peroxidation) were estimated. Activity of antioxidant enzymes, along with total antioxidant capacity were measured by respective kits. Repair percentage was obtained by Comet assay. Western blotting was employed to study the expression of repair enzymes and expression of cytokines. Sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique was employed to study the activity of various cytokines. Results: At 330 days, invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin developed. With increasing time generation of ROS and RNS increased, causing damage to DNA, protein and lipid. Antioxidant defence system gets repressed with time. Capacity to repair the DNA damage is inhibited by iAs, due to alteration in repair enzymes - XRCC I, DNA Ligase I, PARP I, ERCC1, ERCC2, XPA, DNA Ligase IV, DNA PKc and Ku-70. Another consequence of iAs exposure is chronic inflammation due to disrupted cytokine level. Intervention with BTE reverses these deleterious effects, preventing development of skin carcinogenesis. }, keywords = {Inorganic arsenic,skin carcinogenesis,black tea extract,ROS}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89861.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89861_3bdb553a2193269b9d5c48351d2d0472.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Hashimi, Muzahem}, title = {Incidence of Childhood Leukemia in Iraq, 2000-2019}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3663-3670}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3663}, abstract = {Background: Leukemia is a major concern for children worldwide. Around 30% of malignancies in children (ages 0–14) are caused by leukemia. Objective: This study aims to explore the time trends in the incidence of childhood leukemia (aged 0-14 years) in Iraq between 2000 and 2019. Methods: Poisson regression with a log link function was used to analyze the long-term trends of incidence related to childhood leukemia cancer based on published data from the Iraqi cancer registry between 2000 and 2019. Annual estimates of the population, by 5-year age groups and by gender obtained from the United Nations, population Division. Results: A total of 8,570 cases of leukemia children in Iraq between 2000 and 2019 were recorded, the boys to girl ratio were 1.32 to 1. The most diagnosed type of leukemia was Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, accounting for about 33.56%, followed by Leukemia Not specify (NOS) (17.3%) with a relatively equal proportion of stated instances between boys and girls in these subsets. The age-standardized incidence rates, aged 0-14 years, from 2000-2019 were 3.45/100,000 for both genders. The Joinpoint regression ASRs analysis of childhood leukemia from 2000-2019 among 0 –14 age group for both genders indicate that there was an overall significant increasing trend at 1.23% per year, while no one joinpoint was identified during the entire study period. Among boys, there was an overall insignificant increasing trend at 0.77% per year. Among girls, there was an overall significant increasing trend at 1.93% per year, while one joinpoint was identified during the entire study period.  Conclusions: The overall (both genders) incidence rate of childhood leukemia has been increasing significantly in Iraq. The test for trends was insignificant among boys, while it was significant among girls. The increasing trend of leukemia requires further epidemiological studies to describe incidence by geography in Iraq.}, keywords = {childhood leukemia,Incidence,Poisson regression,time trends}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89862.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89862_03762449dfe29b6f15ed43f7b814b890.pdf} } @article { author = {Puthdee, Nattapong and Khramchantuk, Supaporn and Nuwongsri, Pattarin}, title = {LIN28B Enhanced STAT3 Signaling Regulates Inflammatory Response and Chemotherapeutic Resistance in Cholangiocytes}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3671-3678}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3671}, abstract = {Background: LIN28B is functionally driving malignant transformation and relevance to the worse disease outcomes by promoting cancer aggressiveness. However, a typical role of LIN28B in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is primarily unknown. In this study, the tumorigenic potential of LIN28B in the cholangiocyte context was investigated. Methods: Stable LIN28B expression in MMNK-1 cells was generated by infecting with retrovirus-containing LIN28B gene. LIN28B-overexpressing cells were further validated the amount of released cytokines by using human cytokine arrays. After treatment of chemo-drugs, cell viability was subsequently measured using MTT assay. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was determined using ALDEFLUOR assay Kit and analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels were respectively assayed by RT-qPCR and western blot. Results: Cytokine release results showed that numerous inflammatory cytokines-chemokines related to cancer initiation and development, such as IL-8, IL-6, VEGF, MCP1, TNF-α were significantly increased in LIN28B-overexpressing MMNK-1 cells. Drug sensitivity test showed that LIN28B-overexpressing MMNK-1 treated cells had a high percentage of cell viability compared to MMNK-1-control treated cells. Activity and expression level of a cancer stem cell marker, ALDH was significantly elevated in LIN28B-overexpressing MMNK-1 cells. Moreover, the activation of an oncogenic signaling pathway, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was enhanced in LIN28B-overexpressing MMNK-1 cells. Whereas, growth capacity of LIN28B-overexpressing MMNK-1 cells was found to be reduced in STAT3 inhibition. Conclusion: LIN28B can regulate the inflammatory response and resistance to chemotherapy of cholangiocytes through modulation of STAT3 signaling pathway.A recent study suggests that activated cholangiocytes can be induced by regulation of LIN28B/STAT3 pathway and this may partially contribute to the initiating CCA. Here, LIN28B and its downstream signaling could be considered as an attractive therapeutic target in patients with CCA.}, keywords = {RNA-binding protein,tumor-initiation,Inflammation,drugs resistance,Bile duct cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89856.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89856_ae8ff4c2f2713e9afc7d6bfa77e00065.pdf} } @article { author = {Mansour, Husam and Shallouf, Fatma and Najim, Ahmed and Alajerami, Yasser and Abushab, Khaled}, title = {Knowledge and Practices of Female Nurses at Primary Health Care Clinics in Gaza Strip-Palestine Regarding Early Detection of Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3679-3684}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3679}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths among females in Palestine. Female nurses play a vital role in increasing women’s awareness of BC early detection. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of female nurses at Primary Health Care Clinics (PHCCs) in the Gaza Strip regarding early detection of BC. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical, cross-sectional study with a census sample that includes all target female nurses (152) currently working at PHCCs. The study was conducted during the period February 2019 - March 2020.  A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data among female nurses. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used to examine the relationship between the variables. Ethical approval was obtained from a Helsinki Committee Gaza Strip-Palestine. Results: The nurses demonstrated a good knowledge of signs and risk factors of BC,  with scores of 85.3% and 77.9%, respectively. The majority of the participants correctly defined breast self-examination (BSE) and claimed that clinical breast examination (CBE) is a useful tool to detect BC (94.1% and 97.4%, respectively). Nurses who had previous training in CBE had better knowledge than those who had not (t = 3.5; P-value <0.001). Nurses who previously performed mammography had a knowledge score (mean ± SD = 78.1±12.8) higher than those who did not (mean ± SD = 72.5±14). Nurses having previous training had a knowledge score of 8.9 times higher than those without relevant training (t = 4.2, P-value < 0.001). Nurses’ knowledge of BC risk factors  increased the practicing score by a factor of 0.22 (t = 3.0, P-value = 0.003). Conclusion: Nurses demonstrate good knowledge and practices of early BC detection. Previous education sessions affect the knowledge of early detection methods positively.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Palestinian Nurses,Knowledge Practices}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89865.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89865_039dfcce8dc7ff9264523488e5294a21.pdf} } @article { author = {Bannangkoon, Kittipitch and Hongsakul, Keerati and Sripongpun, Pimsiri and Kaewdech, Apichat and Chamroonkul, Naichaya and Tubtawee, Teeravut and Piratvisuth, Teerha}, title = {ABO Blood Group Differentials on Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with Chemoembolization}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3685-3692}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3685}, abstract = {Background: The association between ABO blood group and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. We investigated the impact of ABO blood groups as a prognostic factor in HCC patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Materials and methods: We revisited records of all HCC patients who underwent TACE between January 2007 and December 2019 at a tertiary care hospital. The inclusion criteria were HCC patients, Child-Pugh score A5-B7, and treated with TACE monotherapy. The baseline characteristics of each patient were compared against their blood group and the survival analysis was carried out using Cox’s regression. With Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons, P-values <.0125 were considered statistically significant. Results: Of 211 eligible patients, the frequencies of blood groups O, A, B, and AB were 89, 54, 56, and 12, respectively. Their respective months of median survival were 41, 20, 21, and 42. After adjustments in the six-and-twelve criteria and Child-Pugh scores, and using blood group O as the referent group, the coefficients (SE) of groups A, B, and AB were 0.69 (0.24), 0.47 (0.23), and 0.49 (0.49), respectively. A significant difference in survival was found only between patients with blood group O vs A (hazard ratio, 2.00; confidence interval, 1.25-3.21). Conclusions: ABO blood group is associated with the prognosis of HCC patients treated with TACE monotherapy. In our data, patients with blood group O tended to have the best survival. However, only blood group A patients had a significantly shorter survival rate comparing to blood group O. }, keywords = {ABO,Blood group,Hepatocellular carcinoma,TACE,Chemoembolization}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89857.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89857_f7bc050848b202815244d3e5deb142c0.pdf} } @article { author = {Zhang, Mingliang and Li, Zhixiang and Liu, Xianfu}, title = {MiR-98-5p/IGF2 Axis Influence Herceptin Sensitivity through IGF1R/HER2 Heterodimer Formation and AKT/mTOR Signal Pathway in HER2 Positive Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3693-3703}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3693}, abstract = {Background and Aim: IGF1R and HER2 are both members of the growth factor receptor family which is known to play a different role in breast cancer. However, correlation between IGF1R and HER2 has created a controversial situation that need to be fully delineated in development of Herceptin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Herceptin resistance through the IGF1R pathway in HER2 positive breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Clinical data were obtained from TCGA database and archived documents from The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect proteins and their phosphorylation. Cell transfection were constructed using shRNA lentivirus vectors. RNAs were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Proteins in serum were analyzed by ELISA assay. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTS method. Luciferase report experiment was conducted to verify RNA’s inter-reaction. Results: Western blot showed IGF2 protein was significantly increased in Herceptin resistant SKBR3-R cells (P<0.01), and IGF1R/HER2 heterodimer level was significantly increased (P<0.01). Luciferase reporter assay verified miR-98-5p could bind to 3 ‘UTR of IGF2 mRNA. When miR-98-5p was upregulated, the expression level of IGF2 was decreased(P<0.01), the cell invasive ability was reduced(P<0.01), and ultimately, Herceptin resistant cells regained their sensitivity to Herceptin. In clinical research, we found that decreased miR-98-5p level or increased IGF2 level significantly associated with poor treatment response and poor overall survival (OS), poor recurrence free survival (RFS) and poor distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in HER2-positive breast cancer. Conclusion: MiR-98-5p and IGF2 might potential candidates for predicting Herceptin sensitivity and provides a new way to overcome Herceptin resistance in clinic.}, keywords = {miR-98-5p/IGF2 axis,HER2 positive breast cancer,Herceptin resistance}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89858.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89858_e05fafe7536d345cb28bdb94f1d4e686.pdf} } @article { author = {Zhang, Qi and Liu, Qian and Chen, Jianan and Mei, Shiwen and Liang, Jianwei and Wang, Zheng}, title = {Short-Term Outcomes for Laparoscopic Surgery for BMI≥30 Patients with Rectal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3705-3709}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3705}, abstract = {Objective: Obesity is known to be a preoperative risk factor for rectal cancer surgery. This study aimed to investigate the influence of obesity on the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Methods: The clinical data of 356 patients with rectal cancer from Jan 2012 to Dec 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Perioperative outcomes were compared between 48 patients with a BMI (body mass index) ≥30 kg/m2 [obese group ] and 308 patients with a BMI≥30 kg/m2 [non-obese group] who underwent laparoscopic surgery. Results: Operation times were significantly longer for the obese group than for the non-obese group (125.2±30.5 min vs. 180.5±58.2 min, P=0.021). There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss, the number of retrieved lymph nodes, postoperative recovery and postoperative complications (P≥0.05). During the follow-up period, the overall survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups [66.7% (32/48) vs 67.2% (207/308), P=0.787]. The differences in recurrence and metastasis between the two groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our analysis revealed that laparoscopic surgery can be safely performed in patients with BMI≥30. The procedure was considered to be difficult but sufficiently feasible.}, keywords = {rectal cancer,Obese,Body mass index,Laparoscopy,Treatment outcome}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89871.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89871_5292cc60175cefda2548b9d9b0089c01.pdf} } @article { author = {Nasrollahi, Hamid and Khaki, Saeedeh and Ansari, Mansour and Ahmadloo, Niloofar and Khanjani, Nezhat and Hamedi, Sayed Hasan and Omidvari, Shapoor and Mosalaei, Ahmad and Mohammadianpanah, Mohammad and Kadkhodaei, Behnam}, title = {Evaluation of Mucosamin Effect on Treating Radiation Induced Oral Mucositis during and after Radiotherapy amongst Patients with Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3711-3715}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3711}, abstract = {Background: Oral mucositis is a serious complication radiation therapy for cancer. This is a major complication during radiation therapy of the head and neck tumors in approximately all patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Mucosamin on treatment of radiation induced oral mucositis during and after radiotherapy amongst patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: In this prospective clinical trial, eligible patients who referred to radiation oncology department of Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran from Jan 2018 till Jan 2019 were evaluated. The cases with confirmed pathologic diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity underwent 6,000 cGy radiation therapy and were randomly divided into two groups: 1- Intervention group; Mucosamin spray for 3-4 times a day (n = 40); 2 - Control group; standard medications (3 times a day) (n = 40). Oral mucositis was evaluated weekly based on RTOG scoring scale. Grade of mucositis was recorded during treatment and after radiation therapy. Results: A total of 80 patients were divided in two groups of Mucosamin and control. From week 3 until the end of radiotherapy (week 6) and after radiotherapy (week 8), there was a significant difference in the severity of oral mucositis between the Mucosamin and the control groups (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Mucosamin spray was able to significantly improved radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. }, keywords = {Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma,radiotherapy,Oral Mucositis,Mucosamin}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89872.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89872_d821a310f63d537bcbebae57572e49e6.pdf} } @article { author = {Danyaei, Amir and Teimoori, Ali and Khanbabaei, Hashem and Mansoury Asl, Halime}, title = {Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Transcript Variants Expression of p21 Gene}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3717-3722}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3717}, abstract = {Purpose: CDK1A is one of the most important genes that have different key roles in cell lines. This gene has several transcript variants. Investigating of expression of each one actually can be so important because any one of them may have a separate unknown role in cancer cells so can be used to increase therapeutic efficacy. Methods: A549, MDA–MB–231 and Hek–AD cell lines were used in this study. Firstly, three primers for variants of p21 gene were designed by Snapgene and BLAST software. Secondly, the variants expression was checked for each cell lines by RT–qPCR technique, separately. Then the variants that expressed in the cells were selected for more investigation. Finally 2 Gy irradiation was used to evaluate the effect of that on variants expression. Results: The results show that for all cell lines, primer num1 and 3 expressed before any stimuli. After irradiation, for MDA–MB–231 and A549, the expression of primer num3 was decreased, while for Hek–AD no change was observed. The primer num1 expression after the irradiation was different for the cells, V1 expression was decreased in A549 by fold of 0.03 while expression of this for MDA–MB–231 cells was not changed after 2Gy irradiation. Conclusion: It is very necessary to pay attention to the function of each splice variant as well as the response to external stimuli. Understanding the role of each variant in a gene is critical and researchers can use that to improve radiotherapy as well.}, keywords = {p21,Irradiation,transcript variants,cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor1}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89873.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89873_46dbc4c0e6bd1af125c5b7328db56d3a.pdf} } @article { author = {Mogadasi, Maryam and Mohammadi, Ali and Emamgolizadeh, Behnam and Alivand, Mohammad Reza and Rahmanpour, Dara and Solali, Saeed}, title = {Investigation the Cytotoxicity of 5-AZA on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line In Vitro and Characterization the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Death and Motility}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {3723-3734}, year = {2021}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3723}, abstract = {DNA methylation is a reversible biochemical process determinant of gene expression that is frequently observed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This is believed to arise from aberrant DNA methyltransferase activity establishing abnormal levels of DNA methylation in tumor cells. DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-azacytidine (5-AZA), is a clinically used epigenetic drug which induces promoter demethylation and gene re-expression in human cancers. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of on MOLT4 and Jurkat leukemic cell line in vitro and characterized the underlying molecular mechanisms of cell death and motility. MOLT4 and Jurkat cells were treated with 5-AZA for 12, 24 and 48 hours. The effect of the 5-AZA treatment on cell viability (MTT assay), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression (real-time PCR) was measured. The results showed that 5-AZA could induce MOLT4 and Jurkat apoptotic cell death in vitro in a time-dependent manner and probably via apoptotic mechanisms. We found that treatment with 5-AZA could increase the expression of epigenetically silenced miRNAs, miR-34a, miR-34b and miR-124-1 in treated cells. In addition, mRNA analyses demonstrated that MOLT4 and jurkat cells, expressed p53 gene more than 10-fold higher compared with untreated cells in three independent experiments while the cells suppressed the expression of a subset of functionally related genes including MYC, BCL2, APEX, SIRT1, SNAIL1 and vimentin to some extent, following 5-AZA treatment. We found that a miRNAs expression level in treated cell lines was closely correlated to the expression of their target genes. Together, these findings suggest that 5-AZA may affect the viability of MOLT4 and jurkat cells, at least in part, by regulating the transcription of genes that are associated with cellular apoptotic response.}, keywords = {5-AZA,Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL),DNA Methylation,MicroRNA,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_89874.html}, eprint = {} }