@article { author = {Su, Dejun and Nguyen, Mai-Thao and Toure, Drissa}, title = {Correlates of Betel Nut Chewing among Burmese Refugees in Nebraska}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1103-1106}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1103}, abstract = {Background: Betel nut chewing is an important risk factor for oral cancer, yet there has been little research identifying correlates of betel nut chewing among Burmese refugees in the U.S. Methods: Based on survey data from 188 Burmese refugees from Nebraska between 2015 and 2016, logistic regression was estimated to identify correlates of betel nut chewing. Results: The prevalence rate of betel nut chewing among participating Burmese refugees in Nebraska was 29%. Relative to Burmese refugees who had an education of less than high school, refugees with higher education were less likely to report betel nut chewing (AOR=0.1, 95% CI (0.02, 0.61)). Refugees who worked full time had higher odds of chewing betel nuts compared to those otherwise (AOR=6.17, 95% CI (1.80, 21.10)). Delaying medication purchase due to cost during the past 12 months was associated with higher odds of betel nut chewing (AOR=5.20, 95% CI (1.02, 26.39)). Conclusions: Betel nut chewing was common among Burmese refugees in the U.S., yet the odds of betel nut chewing varied across different socioeconomic groups. Health education programs that aim to reduce betel nut chewing might become more cost-effective by disproportionately targeting and serving high-risk groups among Burmese refugees.}, keywords = {Betel nut chewing,oral cancer,Burmese refugee,Correlates}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90068.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90068_7d22c8f6c174800f013da5f100b1a869.pdf} } @article { author = {Sutandyo, Noorwati and Mulyasari, Resti and Kosasih, Agus and Rinaldi, Ikhwan and Louisa, Melva and Kevinsyah, Andi and Winston, Kevin}, title = {Association of Somatic Gene Mutations with Risk of Transformation into Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1107-1116}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1107}, abstract = {Objectives: we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis in population of adult MDS patients to elucidate the role of these genes in AML transformation risk. Materials and Methods: The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) with ID number of CRD42020218581. Systematic literature search was conducted by all authors up to October 2021 on: (1) PubMed, (2) EBSCOhost, (3) Scopus, (4) JSTOR, and (5) grey literatures. Hand-searching for relevant articles was also conducted. The following keywords with their synonyms and combinations using Boolean operators were applied to all database: “myelodysplastic syndrome”, SRSF2”, “SF3B1”, “U2AF1”, “ASXL1”, “DNMT3A”, “TET2”, “IDH1”, “IDH2”, “RUNX1”, “acute myeloid leukemia progression”, and “leukemia free survival”. Outcome was measured using hazard ratio (HR). Results: We identified 14 articles to be used for this systematic review and meta-analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in AML transformation risk between U2AF1 mutant and U2AF1 wildtype MDS patients (HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 0.95–2.07, p=0.08, I2=0%). Pooled HR showed that patients with SRSF2 mutation had higher risk of AML transformation (HR 2.62; 95% CI: 1.54-4.45; p= .0004; I2= 55%). The pooled HR for SF3B1 was 0.48 (95% CI: 0.22–1.06, p=0.07, I2=55%). Mutations of TET2, ASXL1, and EZH2 were not associated with AML transformation. Meanwhile, DNMT3A mutations were associated with AML transformation with pooled HR of 2.73 (95% CI: 1.43-5.21; p= 0.08; I2: 67%). The pooled HR for IDH genes was smaller (HR: 2.92; 95%CI: 1.21-7.06; p=0.02; I2:65%). Patients with RUNX1 mutation were associated with AML transformation (HR: 1.85; 95%CI: 1.11-3.09; p=0.02; I2:38%). Conclusion: Based from our analyses, MDS patients with mutations of SRSF2, DNMT3A, IDH, and RUNX1 have higher hazard ratio for AML transformation. }, keywords = {Myelodysplastic syndrome,Mutation,leukemia progression}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90083.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90083_2ec279bf5e1ccd4906395934426d494d.pdf} } @article { author = {Stevanato, Kely and Pedroso, Raíssa and Dell Agnolo, Catia and Santos, Lander and Pelloso, Fernando and Carvalho, Maria and Pelloso, Sandra}, title = {Use and Applicability of the Gail Model to Calculate Breast Cancer Risk: A Scoping Review}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1117-1123}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1117}, abstract = {Objective: To perform a scoping review of the applicability of the Gail model in different countries for different ethnicities. Methods: The review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and search strategies based on the PICOS approach. The reviewed articles were included if they were published between 2013 and 2018 in English, Portuguese, or Spanish; were original articles available in full online; and described the use of the Gail model. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science data bases were searched. Results: A total of 38 articles eligible for analysis were identified, of which 16 used the Gail model to assess breast cancer risk in women, eight analyzed the applicability of this tool in their population, seven compared the tool and/or modified it according to the specific risk factors of their population, and seven cited the model in determining eligibility for chemoprevention. Conclusion: The Gail model has different applicabilities Greater effectiveness and breast cancer risk are found in developed countries.}, keywords = {Applicabilities,breast cancer,Gail model,Scoping review}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90085.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90085_34c6bcdb0a13de01f708e69f76ac2cd3.pdf} } @article { author = {Novrianda, Dwi and Haryanti, Fitri and Supriyadi, Eddy and Lazuardi, Luthfan and Herini, Elisabeth}, title = {Development and Evaluation of Internet-based Health Technology in Pediatric Oncology: A Scoping Review}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1125-1135}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1125}, abstract = {Objective: There is an increased awareness to identify symptomatic experiences in children undergoing chemotherapy. An Internet-based health technology accessible and friendly for children and parents to report health problems during chemotherapy has been well-developed in developed countries. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive view of relevant research related to the emergence of health applications in pediatric oncology so that it can provide information for design and evaluation in the future. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines support this scoping review. To investigate the evidence on the development of Internet-based health technology, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, EBSCOHOST Medline, IEEEXplore, ProQuest, and Nature databases were searched between 2015 and 2021. Results: 14 articles met the inclusion criteria with nine Internet-based health technologies. Moreover, four of nine mobile health apps use a theoretical foundation (SPARK for children and family member, Empower Stars!, THRIVE, and Facebook-based “Healthy Teens for Soaam”), three apps apply four stages of development and testing, and all apps have met the category of the degree of attachment of patients to the application. Conclusion: The effect of Internet-based health technology through a scientific process by paying attention to the underlying theories, user needs, developer passion, application testing, and evaluation methods is the key to success.}, keywords = {Assessment,Internet,Oncology,Pediatric,Symptom management}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90052.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90052_31db0a4ddac3e46b50623051183b6519.pdf} } @article { author = {Miri, Seyed Rouhollah and Akhavan, Setareh and Mousavi, Azam Sadat and Hashemi, Seyedeh Razieh and Sheikhhasan, Shahrzad and Almasi-Hashiani, Amir and Sadegh Fakhari, Mohammad and Esmailzadeh, Arezoo}, title = {A Systematic Review on Overall Survival and Disease-Free Survival Following Total Pelvic Exenteration}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1137-1145}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1137}, abstract = {Backgrounds: Total Pelvic Exenteration (TPE) is a radical operation for malignancies in which all of the organs inside the pelvic cavity, including the female reproductive organs, the lower urinary tract, and a part of the rectosigmoid are removed. In this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) following TPE. Methods: This systematic review is composed of a comprehensive review of PubMed and Scopus databases with various related keywords to synthesis the overall survival and disease-free survival following TPE. The Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guideline was used to summarize the results. Results: We included the results of 39 primary studies and the results revealed that one-year OS of gynecological cancer in patients who have undergone TPE ranged from 50.0% to 72.0% and the 5-years OS ranged from 6.0% to 64.6%. The one-year survival rate of colorectal cancer patients was reported to be over 80% in almost all studies. The 3-year survival rate of patients varied from 25% to 75% and the lowest 5-year survival rate was 8% and the highest survival rate was 92%. To synthesis the disease-free survival rate in colorectal cancer, ten studies were included and one-year recurrence rate was 9.1% and the one-year DFS was reported as 61.0%. Three-year recurrence rate study was 20.4% and 3 and 5-year DFS ranged from 22.0% to 78.0%. Conclusions: The results suggested that DFS in primary advanced cancers is higher than locally recurrence tumors. This review showed that patient overall survival and disease-free survival rates have increased over time, especially at high volume centers that are more experienced and possibly better equipped. Therefore, it can be suggested that the attitude towards PE as a palliative surgery can be turned into curative surgery.}, keywords = {Overall survival,disease-free survival,Recurrence Rate,Total Pelvic Exenteration}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90074.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90074_dd10becc2c7296bca3e3189f0dbceeab.pdf} } @article { author = {Saptaningsih, Agusdini and Nikmah, Umi and Aryandono, Teguh and Dwiprahasto, Iwan and At Thobari, Jarir}, title = {Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Two Chemotherapy Regiments FAC vs. Taxane for Operable Breast Cancer Patients in Indonesia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1147-1154}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1147}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is the deadliest cancer among women worldwide including Indonesia. Both FAC and Taxane-based chemotherapies are often used for patients with early node-positive breast cancer. However, the study regarding the cost-effectiveness of those regiments is still rare. This study aims to analyze the cost-effectiveness of Taxane versus FAC in the Indonesia setting. Methods: Twenty-four patients with stage I-IIIA breast cancer who had received surgery, FAC or Taxane-based adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation were included in this study. Health-related quality of life was assessed using INA-BCHRQoL. INA-BCHRQoL was mapped to the EuroQoL 5D (EQ-5D) index calculator to get the utility score. All direct cost was retrieved from electronic medical records and hospital information system. Whereas, a questionnaire was designed to collect information about society cost from patients. ICER was counted to summarize the cost-effectiveness of two chemotherapy regiments (Taxane versus FAC). A sensitivity analysis was done to assess the uncertainty result. Results: The results showed there was no significant difference between the score of quality of life and utility in respondents who received FAC chemotherapy and Taxane-based chemotherapy. However, in terms of cost, Taxane was 6.5 times higher than the FAC group per patient for chemotherapy drugs only. Moreover, the total cost of treatments in Taxane-based chemotherapy was approximately 3.7 times more costly than the counterpart in the FAC arm (p=0.000). Taxane-based chemotherapy dominated with ICER IDR 765.213.092 per QALY gained. Overall, FAC was found more cost-effective compared to the Taxane regiment. Conclusion: FAC represents the value of money compared to Taxane-based for breast cancer patients with stage I-IIIA in Indonesia.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Chemotherapy,Cost-Effectiveness,FAC,taxane}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90048.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90048_3ceb9d8d7b9d4286fc7a6ada5b1b0019.pdf} } @article { author = {Seifi, Sharareh and Salimi, Babak and Esfahani-Monfared, Zahra and Radmanesh, Ramin and Yaghoubifard, Saeed and Talebianpour, Sara and Khosravi, Adnan}, title = {Clinical Effectiveness of Erlova in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Affordable Price with Clinical Benefit}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1155-1158}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1155}, abstract = {Background: Thyrosin kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is approved for the first line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with  epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. This study performed to assess clinical effectiveness and safety of Erlova (generic form of Erlotinib). Methods: Somatic mutations of EGFR gene were studied in tumor tissue by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bi-directional sequencing in 513 chemonaive and histologically verified lung adenocarcinoma Iranian patients. Patients  with EGFR mutation received Erlova at 150 mg/day  as first line treatment. Primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS). Results: About 21% (n=109) cases had EGFR mutation. Most EGFR mutations were  occurred at exon 19. Among them, sixty nine patients treated with Erlova. Median PFS was 11.4 months and objective response rate (ORR) was about  88%. Most frequent treatment related adverse events was  skin rash. Conclusion: Our findings showed Erlova had remarkable effectiveness. In  mutation-positive patients with EGFR, Erlova can be used  safely instead of  other tyrosine-kinase inhibitors.}, keywords = {Carcinoma,Non-Small-Cell Lung,safety,Erlotinib Hydrochloride}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90082.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90082_17e26a1b3e97d3d668521e9b86710f22.pdf} } @article { author = {Aliabedi, Bahareh and Mousavi, Seyed Hadi and Ebrahimi, Marzieh and Alizadeh, Shaban and Hedayati Asl, Amir Abbas and Mohammad, Monireh and Samieyan Dehkordi, Sahar}, title = {Hsa-miR-625 Upregulation Promotes Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line by Targeting Integrin-linked Kinase Pathway}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1159-1167}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1159}, abstract = {Background: Growing evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs have a major effect on development of different types of cancer including AML. The overexpression of miR-625 could decrease tumorgenesis of acute myeloid leukemia cell lines through Integrin-linked kinase signaling pathway and reducing the associated oncogenes.  The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of hsa-miR-625 upregulation on apoptosis and proliferation of KG1 cell line via ILK signaling pathway. Methods: The KG-1 cell line was transfected with pLenti-III-premir625-GFP through viral method. Then, expression of miR-625 and genes were analyzed by quantitative PCR. Western blotting was used to evaluate for the protein level. Apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry. Cell cycle analysis with PI and CCK-8 assay were performed to evaluate proliferation. Results: KG-1 cells transfected with pLenti-III-pre mir625-GFP construct showed a significant increase in cell apoptosis. Gene expression of ILK and NF-κB were downregulated and AKT, c-fos, Caspase3, cyclin D1, KLF-4, OCT-4 and Nanog were upregulated but no alteration in GSK3 expression profile was observed. Downregulation of NF-κB and upregulation of Caspase 3 and p-β-catenin protein levels were indicated (p<0.05). Conclusion: MiR-625 can be a promising approach to aid in the treatment of AML. However, further studies are required in this respect.}, keywords = {miR-625,Apoptosis,Proliferation,KG-1,AML}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90049.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90049_cbf16a768c8109ffd06e5c8b847a5beb.pdf} } @article { author = {Putri, Sukma and Nanza, Siti Rahma and Widodo, Irianiwati and Purnomosari, Dewajani}, title = {The Association of Intra-Tumoral and Stromal Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Expressions with Molecular Subtypes and Clinicopathological Factors in Breast Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1169-1175}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1169}, abstract = {Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between intra-tumoral and stromal VDR expressions with molecular subtypes and clinicopathological factors. Methods: A total of 75 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples were stained using immunohistochemical methods. The VDR expressions were measured by counting brown-stained nuclei in intra-tumoral and stromal areas. The association of VDR expression with molecular subtypes and clinopathological factors was examined. Statistical analysis was performed by chi square tests. Results: High intra-tumoral VDR expression was found in carcinomas with luminal molecular subtypes (p=0.039) and low histological degrees (p=0.035). High VDR expression in the stroma was found in breast carcinomas with large tumor sizes. Conclusions: High intra-tumoral VDR expression is found in breast carcinomas with luminal subtypes and low histological grade (I/II). Both factors are known to have a good prognosis. These findings further strengthen the function of VDR as anti-tumorigenesis.}, keywords = {Breast carcinoma,Tumor Microenvironment,Vitamin D receptor,clinicopathological factors,immunohistochemistry}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90050.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90050_8c7161345cb39e96f9db4d7faf7696cf.pdf} } @article { author = {Patchasuwan, Natnapa and Banchonhattakit, Pannee and Rattanapitoon, Nathkapach and Nilnate, Nathakon and Srithumsuk, Werayuth and Heebkaew, Seksan and Phimha, Surachai}, title = {Development of a School-Based Health Literacy Model for Liver Fluke Prevention and Control Using Participatory Action Research}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1177-1183}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1177}, abstract = {Background: Liver fluke caused by Opisthorchis viverrini is a serious health problem in the northeastern region of Thailand. It is associated with endemic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in this region. This study was performed to develop a school-based health literacy model for liver fluke prevention and control using participatory action research.   Method: The participants of this study included 3 school administrators, 5 teachers, 45 senior high school students, 2 health officers, and 5 health volunteers. in Phanom Phrai District, Roi-et Province, Thailand. The study employed mixed methods for data collection, including qualitative methods namely policy analysis, interview, and problem-solving as well as quantitative methods namely pre and post-tests and implementation of health literacy. Six months later, researchers evaluated the outcome. The average scores of the participants’ health literacy and their practical skills were measured. Result: The participants’ health literacy and practical skill mean score increased after the intervention (mean difference=20.20, 95%CI 15.37-25.03, p-value <0.001) and (mean difference=21.10, 95%CI 19.10-23.10, p-value <0.001). School activities were concluded regarding public relations for one time a week, exhibitions, learning summary speech contests, and organizing a school food safety club. In addition, school rules were agreed and included: (1) cooked food consumption (2), stopping undercooked cyprinoid fish by the household cooker (3), correcting misunderstanding in each household in the community (4), hygienic defection, and (5) reminding friends to stop consumption of undercooked food. Conclusion: The results indicated that school-based model was effective. The stakeholder experiences and learning processes using teamwork will help the development of skills to cooperate and coordinate students choosing the best method for Liver fluke prevention and control. Moreover, they should continue to improve the suitable network for each school to ensure that the models are sustainable.}, keywords = {Health literacy,Liver Fluke Prevention,Participatory Action Research}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90070.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90070_b22dc9d79d4755606fb426cb76489a7b.pdf} } @article { author = {Raizada, Milanjeet and Sable, Digamber}, title = {Clinical Assessment of Efficacy of Omega 3 in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients - A Randomized Controlled Trial}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1185-1192}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1185}, abstract = {Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, potentially malignant condition affecting the oral cavity. Omega 3 has shown innumerable health benefits in yesteryears. So, the aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Omega 3 in the medical management of this disease. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was designed and 48 clinically confirmed patients of OSMF (24 in each group) completed the study. Patients of both the groups were given biweekly intralesional injections of dexamethasone 1.5ml, hyaluronidase 1500 IU mixed with lignocaine for 6 weeks. Additionally, group A received a placebo (lactose capsule) for 3 months while group B received 1gm of omega 3 (flaxseed oil) three times daily continuously for 3 months. Patients were followed every month for 3 months and then, after 6 months and one year. Results: During the first two months, improvement was observed in both the groups independently but intergroup comparison showed no significant difference. However, after 3 months statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement among all three clinical parameters i.e. inter-incisal distance (mean improvement in group A = 3.79±1.07mm and group B = 6.58±1.24mm, p=0.019), tongue protrusion (mean improvement in group A = 1.87±1.54mm and group B = 4.62±1.78mm, p=0.044) and cheek flexibility (mean improvement in group A = 2.08±1.38mm and group B = 3.50±1.84mm, p=0.035) was observed in group B when compared to group A. In contrast, statistically significant improvement in burning sensation was observed after one month itself in group B when compared to group A (mean drop in group A = 2.5±0.78 points and group B = 6.0±1.144 points, p<0.05). Conclusion: Omega 3 in conjunction with intralesional injections is an effective therapy when compared to intralesional injections alone in treatment of patients with OSMF (grade II and III) with no side effects. }, keywords = {OSMF,OSF,Oral submucous fibrosis,Omega 3,treatment}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90051.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90051_c1b161175ca4e80604464d67df89398d.pdf} } @article { author = {Boonrod, Arunnit and Phuttharak, Warinthorn and Ounjaroen, Natta}, title = {Prevalence of Sclerotic Pterygoid Plate in Pretreatment Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1193-1197}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1193}, abstract = {Objectives: The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of sclerotic pterygoid plate in pretreatment CT of nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with the control group. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (37 men, 14 women) with a mean age of 51.94±13 years, and 51 controls (30 men, 21 women) with a mean age, 49.31±15 years were included in this study in a retrospective fashion. All computed tomographic (CT) images were evaluated by two neuroradiologists. Sclerosis of pterygoid plate and other findings included pterygoid plate erosion, adjacent tumor enhancement, and parapharyngeal extension which were assessed. MRI findings were also recorded. The prevalence of pterygoid plate sclerosis was compared using Chi-square statistical tests. Imaging findings were analyzed by binary logistic regression analyses. Results: The prevalence of pterygoid plate sclerosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma was 53.9% compared to the control group (16.7%) and the difference was statistically significant (P-value< 0.001). In nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the prevalence of tumor adjacent to the pterygoid plate, parapharyngeal extension and pterygoid plate erosion were 69.6%, 81.4%, 38.2%, respectively. No erosion of pterygoid plate was detected in the control group. The odds of adjacent tumor enhancement and pterygoid plate erosion was 7.29 and 20.56 times higher in the sclerotic pterygoid plate (p-values of 0.019 and 0.000, respectively). MRI was available for four nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases with five sclerotic pterygoid plates, where two showed enhancements. All non-sclerotic pterygoid plates showed no enhancement on MRI. Conclusion: The prevalence of sclerotic pterygoid plate is significantly higher in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with a considerably higher chance of adjacent tumor enhancement and pterygoid plate erosion. }, keywords = {Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,Pretreatment,Sclerosis pterygoid plate,Tumor extension}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90086.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90086_e024a1dcf0de9d5f032770cd754d8d03.pdf} } @article { author = {Karimabadi, Akram and Pourahmadi, Elahe and Bafandeh Imandoust, Sadegh and Nikoukar, Afsane and Aryafar, Mehdi}, title = {Knowledge, Practice, Preferences and Willingness-to-Pay for Mammographic Screening Tests among Iranian Women: A Contingent Valuation Method}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1207-1213}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1207}, abstract = {Objective: This study sought to investigate Iranian women’s preferences and willingness-to-pay (WTP) based on the level of breast self-examination and mammography screening practice and knowledge, including risk factors, signs and symptoms, and early detection methods via mammography screening. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, population-based study conducted from October to March 2020 on over 35-year-old women living in Mashhad, selected through the convenient sampling method applied in health centers of Mashhad city. To measure the willingness to pay, the study participants were asked for their preferred choices concerning out-of-pocket payment for screening. Results: More than one-half (58.6%) of the study’s sample size had an intermediate level of knowledge regarding breast cancer’s risk factors, and only 12.7% of them had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge. However, most of the participants had a poor level of practice towards breast self-examination and mammography screening. The results of measuring the willingness to pay (WTP) indicated that 11.5% of the participants were not willing to pay at all for mammography breast cancer screening, while 53.3% of the participants were willing to pay 2.27 to 3.41 $U.S, and 35.2% of the participants were willing to pay more than 3.41 $U.S for mammography breast cancer screening. Conclusion: Any attempt to promote breast cancer screening among Iranian women should primarily focus on increasing such indices as awareness, education, health status, and household income. It should be noted that the majority of the participants possessed an average level of knowledge. Moreover, women lack appropriate information about breast cancer and its’ early detection measures. However, it was found that self-employed women were more likely to practice breast self-examination than the women employed in governmental organizations, which could be attributed to the fact that self-employed women could dedicate more time to checking their breasts and practicing breast self-examination.}, keywords = {Mammographic Screening Tests,willingness-to-pay,Knowledge,mammography}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90054.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90054_3fe935dd1c3188cc5a09e4ac4b773619.pdf} } @article { author = {Fahmy, Maha and Farghaly, Ayman and Hassan, Entesar and Hassan, Emad and Hassan, Zeinab and Mahmoud, Khaled and Omara, Enayat}, title = {Evaluation of the Anti-Cancer/Anti-Mutagenic Efficiency of Lavandula officinalis Essential Oil}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1215-1222}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1215}, abstract = {Objective: Lavender oil is of a great economic importance. It has many biological and pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to identify the chemical constituents of the essential oil of Lavandula officinalis (LAEO) by using GC/MS analysis. Its genotoxicity, anti-genotoxicity and histopathological activities against the chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide (CP) was investigated. The study also evaluated its anticancer activities against six human cancer cell lines: hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), Prostate (PC3), Lung carcinoma (A549), Skin cancer (A431), Colon cancer (HCT116) and Breast cancer (MCF7). Methods: The genotoxicity was determined using: micronucleus, chromosomal aberration, and comet assays. The histopathological study included liver. The examined groups were control negative, control plant, control positive (CP), and 3 combined groups received LAEO at different concentrations plus CP. Results: GC/MS analysis recorded 16 components. The principals were: linalool and linalyl acetate. The results indicated the safety of LAEO. It also attenuates genotoxicity and deleterious histopathological effects of CP in a dose-dependent manner. LAEO has a highly cytotoxic effect on HepG2 and A549 cell lines with 100% death at 100µg/ ml with IC50 67.8 and 12 µg/ ml, respectively. Its activity on other cell lines was weak. Conclusion: The essential oil of Lavandula officinalis has anticancer and anti-mutagenic effect.}, keywords = {Lavandula officinalis,cancer cell lines,Cyclophosphamide,genotoxicity,histopathology}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90087.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90087_10a378a65a66f4858826c64f18f447dd.pdf} } @article { author = {Yilmaz Kavcar, Simge and Acikgoz, Ayla and Ergor, Gul and Unal, Belgin}, title = {Evaluating the Relationship between Diabetes and Cancer in a Cohort}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1223-1229}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1223}, abstract = {Background/aim: Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of several types of cancer is high in diabetic patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between diabetes and diabetes related cancers in a cohort design. Materials and methods: The baseline survey was conducted as a community screening programme from 2007 to 2009 in a population over 30 years of age. Diabetes definition was based on fasting blood glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dl and self-reported diabetes history. Data on incident cancer cases and pathological types were obtained from the İzmir Cancer Registry between 2007-2013. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated for the relationship between diabetes and diabetes-related cancer types for men and women separately and adjusted for BMI and age. Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression models in IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0. Results: Data from 10,375 women (65.4%) and 5,494 men (34.6%) who did not declare any cancer in 2007 were evaluated. The cumulative incidence of diabetes related cancers was 2,293 per 100,000 in men and 1,455 per 100,000 in women. Total diabetes related cancer incidence was higher in diabetics (3,770 per 100,000) than nondiabetics (2,109 per 100,000) in men. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between diabetes and cancers. The analyses can be repeated in the future when the cohort gets older and more incident cases of cancers occur. }, keywords = {Diabetes,cancer,diabetes related cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90055.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90055_dad2fd0731274ccbef482f1f3e3910a6.pdf} } @article { author = {Solikhah, Solikhah and Perwitasari, Dyah and Rejeki, Dwi}, title = {Geographic Characteristics of Various Cancers in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia: A Spatial Analysis at the Community Level}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1231-1238}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1231}, abstract = {Background: Cancer remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia and worldwide. Yogyakarta Province has the largest number of cancer cases in Indonesia. Maps of the distribution of cancer cases are useful tools for stratification of cancer risk and for selective prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of cancer cases in Yogyakarta Province. Methods: Cancer patient data registered by the Yogyakarta Provincial Health Office during 2019-2020 were analysed in this study (n=9,933). To evaluate cancer pattern distributions, ArcGIS 10.2 and Excel 2016 software were used. Results: The mean participant age (± standard deviation) was 55.08 ± 15.46 years, and 79.40% were female. Breast and cervical cancer were the most frequently diagnosed, and the majority of patients were located in Sleman district. The incidence of all cancer types varied by county-level. The majority of cancer patients lived below the poverty line. Cancer screening rates were low, and screening was limited to breast and cervical cancer. Conclusion: Various types of cancers were identified in Yogyakarta, Indonesia; of them, breast and cervical cancer predominated. Most of the cancer patients were from Sleman district and economically poor areas. Geospatial techniques are useful for identifying environmental factors related to cancer and improving cancer control strategies and resource allocation.}, keywords = {Epidemiology,cancer,Indonesia,Spatial,Geographic information system}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90084.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90084_200e4a8c02070e38151c5b1e9366bb45.pdf} } @article { author = {Sweed, Dina and Taha, Mohammad and Abd Elhamed, Sara and El Dein Mohamed, Asmaa}, title = {The Prognostic Role of CD73/A2AR Expression and Tumor Immune Response in Periampullary Carcinoma Subtypes}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1239-1246}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1239}, abstract = {Introduction: Periampullary adenocarcinoma (PAAC) is a rare, lethal heterogeneous group of malignancy that differs in their molecular phenotypes. Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73)/adenosine A2A Receptor (A2AR) pathway has shown an emerging role in cancer therapy through modulating the immune response. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the functional role of CD73 and A2AR in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and ampullary carcinoma (AC). Material and methods: An immunohistochemical study for CD73 and A2AR carried on 48 PDAC cases, 21 AC cases and 34 adjacent non-tumor tissues that were taken from the farthest point of normal pancreatic tissue away from the tumor. Results: CD73 was overexpressed in the PDAC (p < 0.001), and AC (p = 0.004) groups compared to their non-tumor tissues. However, A2AR was overexpressed in the PDAC group (p = 0.003) but not in the AC group (p = 0.359) compared to non-tumor tissue. In the PDAC group, CD73 overexpression was significantly associated with longer overall survival (p = 0.018). In contrary, A2AR overexpression was significantly associated with high grade (p = 0.001) and late- stage (p = 0.01). Both markers had no prognostic impact on AC. In the meantime, tumor immune response showed a negative prognostic role in PDAC and AC. The prognostic role of tumor immune response in the PDAC group was strongly modulated by CD73 and A2AR expression. Conclusions: PDAC and AC shared CD73 Overexpression while A2AR was overexpressed in PDAC only. In PDAC, CD73 and A2AR showed an opposed  prognostic effect but both had no prognostic impact on AC. In addition, tumor immune response showed a controversial impact on the prognosis of PDAC and AC.}, keywords = {A2AR,ampullary carcinoma,CD73,pancreatic ductal carcinoma,Prognosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90056.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90056_84f4a70df352adc863ea0a607fd9aa83.pdf} } @article { author = {Hawash, Mohammed and Mosleh, Rami and Jarrar, Yazun and Hanani, Ahmad and Hajyousef, Yousef}, title = {The Prevalence of Water Pipe Smoking and Perceptions on its Addiction among University Students in Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1247-1256}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1247}, abstract = {Background: Understanding the university students’ perception of Water Pipe smoking addictions and factors behind the rise in the prevalence of Water Pipe smoking will contribute effectively in the prevention strategies and policies development. Aims: Thus, this study aims to assess the prevalence of Water Pipe smoking among university students and their perceptions on its addiction in Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey, as an initial step to reduce the spread of Water Pipe smoking. Methods: An online self-structured questionnaire was administered to 2030 selected university students from Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey. Prevalence, knowledge and other related factors concerning Water Pipe smoking and its addiction were compared between university students from three Middle East countries (Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey) using SPSS software for statistical analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of Water Pipe smoking was 31.8%, less than a quarter of university students (21.7%) had ever smoked Water Pipe. The highest percentage of current Water Pipe smokers were Palestinians (36.11%), and the lowest percentage was from Turkey (20.23%). Approximately 43% of Water Pipe smokers believe that they will be addicted to Water Pipe smoking and almost half of them smoke Water Pipe daily. The highest percentage of smokers were university students 25 years old and above. However, the highest percentage of smokers was low monthly income students. The university students living with their families were smoking Water Pipe less frequently than students living in private residencies. Conclusions: The prevalence of Water Pipe smoking among university students in Palestine and Jordan was high compared to Turkey. It was believed that the Turkish rules and regulations of Water Pipe smoking limit the Water Pipe smoking in Turkey. }, keywords = {Water pipe,Addiction,Prevalence,Palestine,Jordan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90057.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90057_8371ebb3aa5594e87161de95587cf9ff.pdf} } @article { author = {Wulan, Widya and Kusuma, Dian and Nurjanah, Nurjanah and Aprianti, Aprianti and Ahsan, Abdillah}, title = {Is Exposure to Social Media Advertising and Promotion Associated with E-cigarette Use? Evidence from Indonesia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1257-1262}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1257}, abstract = {Background: E-cigarette use is a growing public health concern globally, including in Indonesia. Objective: Our study aimed to assess whether exposure to advertising and promotion in social media is associated with e-cigarette use in Indonesia, an upper-middle-income country. Methods: We conducted mixed-method research including quantitative and qualitative methods. For the quantitative methods, we did an online survey in the five largest cities in the country with 1,239 participants during September-October 2020. For the qualitative method, we conducted an in-person focused group discussion during November 2020 (while complying to the COVID-19 protocols). Results: We found high rates of e-cigarette ever use (29%) and current use (13%) among study participants. There was high exposure to e-cigarette advertising and promotion in social media, with a majority of participants (84%) reported ever seeing e-cigarette adverts or promotions on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and others. Both high rates of e-cigarette use and exposure to social media advertising are associated. Participants reported ever seeing adverts and promotions were 2.91 times and 2.82 times more likely ever to use and currently use e-cigarettes, respectively, after controlling for socioeconomic factors, region, and cigarette smoking status. Conclusion: Exposure to social media advertising and promotion is associated with e-cigarette use in Indonesia.}, keywords = {Social Media,advertising,Promotion,e-cigarette,Indonesia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90059.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90059_b62d9e1456dba0b0bc46e82651231ea0.pdf} } @article { author = {Aznab, Mozaffar and Chalehchaleh, Maryam and Dokoshkani, Somayeh and Rezaei, Maryam}, title = {Evaluation of Safety and Side Effects COVID-19 Vaccine in Cancer Patients Being Treated}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1263-1270}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1263}, abstract = {According to the instructions of Iran’s National Corona Response Committee in the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, patients undergoing treatments for their cancer are prioritized in Covid-19 vaccination. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate the toxicity and acute side-effects of a Covid-19 vaccine in cancer patients presenting to Medical Oncology Clinic of Kermanshah University of Medical Science. After excluding the patients with active infection and the recently-infected ones with Covid-19, they underwent the vaccination. The patients with cell counts exceeding 3,000 received two doses of the vaccine with a 21-day interval and treatment of their underlying disease was postponed for 7 days. The side-effects were mild and tolerable and included fever (case 10), pain at the injection site (7), dizziness (7), body pain (6), abdominal pain (6), myalgia (6), headache (6), chills (3), shortness of breath (3), diarrhea (1), runny nose (1) and dryness of the throat (1). No significant toxicity was reported in the patients who were safely vaccinated under the supervision of the medical oncology clinic. }, keywords = {COVID-19 vaccines,cancer,Side effect,Sinopharm}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90060.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90060_880e269018f3d6ce8a0a87d760276dc4.pdf} } @article { author = {Suzuki, Hitomi and Kawasaki, Yohei and Miura, Masahito and Hatakeyama, Haruka and Shina, Kazuhiro and Suzuki, Shinsuke and Yamada, Takechiyo and Suzuki, Maya and Ito, Ayumi and Omori, Yasufumi}, title = {Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes are Prognostic Factors and Can Be Markers of Sensitivity to Chemoradiotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1271-1278}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1271}, abstract = {Background: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are assessed by the ratio of the area of lymphocytes infiltrating the stroma. TILs are important in breast cancer and malignant melanoma and are being established as a marker of prognosis and sensitivity to chemotherapy. This has resulted in various therapies being developed in fields such as breast cancer. However, the evaluation of TILs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is not progressing, and the prognosis is still poor. Thus, investigating whether or not the evaluation of TILs is also effective in HNSCC and prognoses can be predicted with just biopsy samples alone is required. Methods: This study included 153 patients who were diagnosed with HNSCC between January 2010 and December 2019, underwent treatment, and could be followed up thereafter at our institution. Results: TILs, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated in all patients, the chemoradiotherapy arm, and the surgery arm. The cut-off value for TILs was 50%. In all patients, OS was 69.8% and 40.2% (P = 0.01) and PFS was 58.4% and 31.6% (P = 0.003) in the high and low TIL groups, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that TILs independently predicted prognosis. In the chemoradiotherapy arm, OS was 70.8% and 31.6% (P = 0.012) and PFS was 63.4% and 20.3% (P = 0.001) in the high and low TIL groups, respectively. No significant differences were noted in the surgery arm. Conclusions: In HNSCC, TILs can be used as a prognosis predictor and chemoradiotherapy biomarker. Assessments can be performed just with hematoxylin–eosin staining and is very simple. This will greatly contribute to report personalized therapy progress. Further evaluations and, thus, prospective clinical multicenter trials are needed to use TILs in clinical practice for HNSCC.}, keywords = {tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes,Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,histopathology,Prognostic factor,chemoradiotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90058.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90058_47fb4b3c4d485747b809472dbf44a3b3.pdf} } @article { author = {Akekawatchai, Chareeporn and Changsri, Khaimuk and Tunkor, Apikhun and Phuegsilp, Chada and Soimanee, Thanawan and Fungkraja, Madtika and Chiraunyanann, Thitiilat and Sretapunya, Warisara}, title = {Lack of Association between IFN-γ, CXCL10 and TGF-β1 Gene Polymorphisms and Liver Complication in HIV-infected Thais}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1279-1284}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1279}, abstract = {Objective: Chronic liver disease has become a leading cause of illness and death in people living with HIV and the production of the cytokines IFN-γ and TGF-β1, and chemokine CXCL10 during chronic inflammation contributes to liver disease progression in HIV patients under long-term anti-retroviral therapy. This study aimed to examine association of IFN-γ +874T/A, CXCL10 G-201A and C-1596T, and TGF-β1 -509C/T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with liver complications in the HIV-infected Thais. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 200 Thai HIV patients who were evaluated for transaminitis and significant liver fibrosis by fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4), and genotypes for IFN-γ +874T/A, CXCL10 G-201A and C-1596T, and TGF-β1 -509C/T SNPs using PCR-based methods. Result: There were high rates of transaminitis (30.1%) and significant liver fibrosis assessed by FIB-4 score > 1.45 (18.8%) in this group of patients, mostly under anti-retroviral therapy (73.0%). The genotypes and alleles of IFN-γ +874T/A, CXCL10 G-201A and C-1596T, and TGF-β1 -509C/T SNPs were not associated with either transaminitis or FIB-4 score > 1.45 (p > 005). Logistic regression analysis identified age and gender as risk factors, and CD4+ cell count higher than 350 cells/ul as a protective factor of liver fibrosis in this study group. Conclusion: The IFN-γ +874T/A, CXCL10 G-201A and C-1596T, and TGF-β11 -509C/T SNPs were not significantly associated with liver complication in HIV-infected Thais, mostly under ART. }, keywords = {IFN- +874T/A,CXCL10 G-201A,CXCL10 C-1596T,TGF-1 -509C/T,Liver fibrosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90061.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90061_0087c95aff7979fce2efeaa91021c103.pdf} } @article { author = {Ayatollahi, Hale and Rajabi, Elham and Yekta, Zahra and Jalali, Zahra}, title = {Efficacy of Oral Zinc Sulfate Supplementation on Clearance of Cervical Human Papillomavirus (HPV); A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1285-1290}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1285}, abstract = {Aim: Human Papillomavirus is one of the most crucial infectious disease in gynecology disease. To assess the efficacy of supplemental zinc treatment in clearance of HPV infection. Methods: Eighty zinc-sufficient women between 21-55 years, with positive HPV DNA testing, and abnormal cervical cytology in Pap test (ASCUS or LISL) were randomly divided to case (n=40) and control group (n=40). Case group received oral tablets of zinc sulfate twice a day for 3 months while control group received no placebo. During follow-up patients underwent repeat HPV DNA test and PAP test and were evaluated for clearance/persistence of HPV infection and regression/progression in the lesion grading. Results: As far as demographics, serum zinc levels and the relevant risk factors for persistence of HPV were concerned, there was no significant difference between two groups, except for the frequency distribution of HR-HPV which was significantly higher in case  group. Zinc treatment for 3 months reduced the risk of persistence of HPV infection and progression from baseline cytology (OR = 0.130) (CI 95% 0.04-0.381; p <0.001) and 0.301 (95% CI 0.777-0.116; p = 0.012), respectively. Age, initial cytology, HPV type, and contraceptive method were not related to persistence of HPV. Serum zinc levels increased in the casr group as a result of oral zinc consumption for 3-month period, though without any statistical significance (p = 0.407). Conclusion: The results of the following study suggested that oral intake of zinc sulfate supplement for 3 months increases the rates of HPV clearance and resolution of pre-existing cervical lesion.}, keywords = {Zinc Sulfate,Supplementation,human papillomavirus,Uterine Cervical Neoplasm,trace elements}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90062.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90062_ee4c99ce455f4fc13cac30079f839003.pdf} } @article { author = {Datkhile, Kailas and Durgawale, Pratik and Patil, Madhavi and Gudur, Rashmi and Gudur, Anand and Patil, Satish R}, title = {Impact of Polymorphism in Base Excision Repair and Nucleotide Excision Repair Genes and Risk of Cervical Cancer: A Case-Control Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1291-1300}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1291}, abstract = {Background: Last few years, several studies all over the world revealed the association of DNA repair genes with risk of developing different type of cancers, but were ambiguous to support the evidences in case of cervical cancer risk. These differences in earlier studies directed us to study the association of polymorphisms of BER genes (XRCC1, hOGG1, XPC) and NER genes (XPC, XPD) with cervical cancer susceptibility in the women of rural population of Maharashtra. Materials and Methods: The genetic polymorphism in BER and NER pathway genes was studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method using DNA isolated from intravenous blood samples of patients and normal controls. The study included 400 clinically confirmed cervical cancer patients and 400 healthy women from a tertiary care hospital (Krishna Hospital and Medical Research Centre) of south-western Maharashtra. The association of polymorphisms was confirmed by Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Results: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of BER genes including XRCC1, hOGG1 and APE1 were analyzed and the results were noted that 27466AA (OR=4.88; 95% CI: 3.61- 6.60; p<0.0001) and 28152AA (OR=2.89; 95% CI: 1.57- 5.31; p=0.0005) genotypes of XRCC1 (rs25489, rs25487) were significantly associated with cervical cancer risk. The 1245GG genotype of hOGG1 (rs1052133) (OR=45.30; 95% CI: 3.76- 7.46; p=0.001) also showed significant correlation, whereas 2197GG genotype of APE1 (rs1130409) gene showed negative association with cervical carcinogenesis (OR=0.59; 95% CI: 0.35- 0.97; p=0.005). Similarly when we studied SNPs of NER genes including XPC and XPD genes, 21151TT genotype of XPC (rs 2228000) was positively associated with cervical cancer development and 23591AA genotype of XPD (rs1799793) showed negative association (OR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.17- 0.64; p=0.001). Conclusion: The findings from this study supported that rs25489, rs25487SNPs of XRCC1, rs1052133 of hOGG1 and rs2228000 of XPC may increase cervical cancer risk, whereas rs1130409 SNP of APE1 and rs1799793 SNP of XPD gene lower the risk of cervical cancer in the studied population.}, keywords = {Cervical cancer,SNP,PCR-RFLP,BER,NER}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90063.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90063_79df8fbea55d7b178fdebbbe7095ce08.pdf} } @article { author = {Abu-Helalah, Munir and Mustafa, Hani and Alshraideh, Hussam and Alsuhail, Abdullah and A.Almousily, Omar and Al -Abdallah, Ruba and Al Olayan, Ashwaq}, title = {Quality of Life and Psychological Wellbeing of Colorectal Cancer Survivors in the KSA}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1301-1308}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1301}, abstract = {Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranked first among cancers reported in males and ranked third amongst females in Saudi Arabia. CRC cancer symptoms or symptoms secondary to treatment, such as diarrhea, constipation, fatigue and loss of appetite are very common and has significant negative effects on the quality of life (QoL). Methods: This project was a cross-sectional study of colorectal cancer survivors diagnosed between 1 January 2015 and May 2017. Assessment was performed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), the colorectal cancer specific module (EORTC QLQ-CR 29) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data on potential predictors of scores were also collected. Results: 115 CRC patients from Middle, Eastern and Western regions of the KSA participated in the study. Participants have unexpectedly low global health score with a mean of 56.9±31.3. Physical functioning scale had the lowest score of 61.3±27.7. Regarding the generic symptoms of cancer, fatigue was the worst symptom, followed by appetite loss. Psychological wellbeing assessment utilizing HADS reveals alarming outcomes for survivors of CRC in the KSA with high proportion of participants with moderate to severe depression (55%) and a good proportion of participants with moderate to high anxiety (31%). Only 3.7% of participants reported receiving psychosocial support. Discussion: Results of this project reveal an overall trend of low scores of quality of life amongst colorectal cancer patients in the KSA when compared with regional or international figures. Consistent results for psychological wellbeing were reached. We recommend routine screening for quality of life and psychological wellbeing and including the outcomes per individual patient care. Psychological support is highly needed for cancer survivors.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,Saudi Arabia,Quality of Life,psychological wellbeing}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90064.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90064_9bf639133f3703aff8df288873e9eccd.pdf} } @article { author = {Sukrueangkul, Alongkorn and Phimha, Surachai and Panomai, Nitchatorn and Laohasiriwong, Wongsa and Sakphisutthikul, Chutikan}, title = {Attitudes and Beliefs of Cancer Patients Demanding Medical Cannabis Use in North Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1309-1314}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1309}, abstract = {Objective: Cannabis is therapeutic for numerous medical conditions. The demand for medical cannabis (MC) use in cancer patients is increasing, even with many patients lacking proper knowledge about MC. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the attitudes and beliefs of cancer patients demanding MC use in northern Thailand. Methods: This cross-sectional study administered multistage random sampling to recruit 565 cancer patients who indicated that they demand MC use in northern Thailand. These patients responded to a self-administered structured questionnaire about their feelings on MC. We used descriptive statistics, including frequency and percentage, to describe categorical data, whereas we used mean and standard deviation for continuous data. Results: Out of a total of 565 participants, 59.7% were female, 40.3% were male, and 46.4% were middle-aged adults, with a mean age of 58.3 ± 13.0 years. Of these participants who demanded the use of MC, the top three most common types of cancers were breast cancer (27.8%), colorectal cancer (21.4%), and lung cancer (10.6%). Most of the participants (51.2%) had early-stage cancer, and 46.5% received chemotherapy. We found that patients who demanded MC use had a generally positive attitude (53.3%). Among the patients who required MC use, 55.4% believed that it would help relieve side effects caused by modern treatments, cure cancer (38.8%), relieve suffering from cancer symptoms (30.6%), and cause one to live longer and to improve their health (16.3%). Most patients’ decisions regarding MC use (45.3%) demanded MC use after receiving modern treatments, and 95.6% demanded MC use with modern treatment. Overall, these patients (65.3%) needed MC from the MC clinic in the Government Hospital. Conclusions: This study highlights the attitudes and beliefs towards MC use among cancer patients, their positive expectations of the outcome, and the need for MC use.}, keywords = {Attitudes and beliefs,Demand for medical cannabis use,cancer patients,Medical cannabis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90071.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90071_7699f1b595fd67018ea7818e9c56794b.pdf} } @article { author = {Tsukamoto, Tetsuya and Teramoto, Atsushi and Yamada, Ayumi and Kiriyama, Yuka and Sakurai, Eiko and Michiba, Ayano and Imaizumi, Kazuyoshi and Fujita, Hiroshi}, title = {Comparison of Fine-Tuned Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for the Automated Classification of Lung Cancer Cytology Images with Integration of Additional Classifiers}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1315-1324}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1315}, abstract = {Objective: It is essential to accurately diagnose and classify histological subtypes into adenocarcinoma (ADC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) for the appropriate treatment of lung cancer patients. However, improving the accuracy and stability of diagnosis is challenging, especially for non-small cell carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to compare multiple deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) technique with subsequent additional classifiers in terms of accuracy and characteristics in each histology. Methods: Lung cancer cytological images were classified into ADC, SCC, and SCLC with four fine-tuned DCNN models consisting of AlexNet, GoogLeNet (Inception V3), VGG16 and ResNet50 pretrained by natural images in ImageNet database. For more precise classification, the figures of 3 histological probabilities were further applied to subsequent machine learning classifiers using Naïve Bayes (NB), Support vector machine (SVM), Random forest (RF), and Neural network (NN). Results: The classification accuracies of the AlexNet, GoogLeNet, VGG16 and ResNet50 were 74.0%, 66.8%, 76.8% and 74.0%, respectively. Well differentiated typical morphologies were tended to be correctly judged by all four architectures. However, poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinomas lacking typical structures were inclined to be misrecognized in some DCNNs. Regarding the histological types, ADC were best judged by AlexNet and SCC by VGG16. Subsequent machine learning classifiers of NB, SVV, RF, and NN improved overall accuracies to 75.1%, 77.5%, 78.2%, and 78.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Fine-tuning DCNNs in combination with additional classifiers improved classification of cytological diagnosis of lung cancer, although classification bias could be indicated among DCNN architectures.}, keywords = {Liquid-based cytology,Artificial intelligence,Machine Learning}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90065.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90065_23b30822d8a6da477f975c269919d422.pdf} } @article { author = {Djutaharta, Triasih and Wiyono, Nur Hadi and Monica, Yusnia and Ahsan, Abdillah and Kusuma, Dian and Amalia, Nadira}, title = {Cigarette Consumption and Nutrient Intake in Indonesia: Study of Cigarette-Consuming Households}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1325-1330}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1325}, abstract = {Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of cigarette consumption on household’s nutrition adequacy (NA). This study also examines the opportunity cost of cigarette expenditure to children’s nutritional adequacy. Methods: We used an Indonesian cross-sectional household level nationwide data of 2018 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS). Using multivariate Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression, we estimated the impact of cigarette consumption on household’s NA as defined by household protein and energy intakes. With the same specification, we further ran a segregated OLS regression by household quintile expenditure. While the opportunity cost of cigarette consumption to children’s nutrition adequacy defined the estimated forgone nutrition due to cigarette consumption by following the Ministry of Health (MOH) definition of Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for children aged 4 – 6. Results: Cigarette consumption decreases household’s protein and energy intakes. We found statistically significant correlation between household’s cigarette consumption and household’s per capita protein intake while no statistically significant correlation on energy intake. Furthermore, the segregated estimate is significant for both protein and energy intakes among 60% lowest household quintile expenditure groups. The lower the quintile expenditure, the higher the decline in household NA due to cigarette consumption. With the average cigarette expenditure of IDR12,956 per household per day, giving up daily cigarette spending could meet children’s energy intake by 27% – 85,4% of RDA and protein intake by 180.12% – 300.48% of RDA. Conclusion: Household cigarette consumption has negative impact on household’s daily energy and protein intakes. The poorest group is most vulnerable to nutrition inadequacy due to cigarette consumption. Giving up household’s cigarette expenditure daily could result in a substantial nutrition gain for children at their critical growth stages.}, keywords = {Indonesia,cigarette consumption,nutrition adequacy,opportunity cost,cigarette expenditure}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90066.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90066_1a899637ec3d23e9f65ab845147af2d9.pdf} } @article { author = {Chantharakhit, Chaichana and Ruchakorn, Tanarat and Mungkornkaew, Somprattana and Amorntrakoon, Pichyanin and Tassanamethee, Siwadonn and Theeratrakul, Pathra and Sujaritvanichpong, Nantapa}, title = {Efficacy of Premedication Protocol without Ranitidine for Taxane Regimen: A Multicenter Non-Randomized Historical Controlled Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1331-1336}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1331}, abstract = {Objective: To study the efficacy of the prevention of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) from omitting ranitidine in the premedication protocol in patients who had chemotherapy with taxane regimen. Methods: This was a Multicenter, Ambispective Non-Randomized Historical Controlled Cohort Study. The incidence of HSRs in the patients who had the modified premedication without ranitidine were collected to compare with the historical group who had the standard premedication protocol with ranitidine. The relationships of each HSRs in the experimental group were compared with the historical control group using a multilevel regression analysis with the random-effects model. Result: A total of 441 patients were enrolled and analyzed in this study. 221 patients received the modified premedication protocol compared with 220 patients who received the standard premedication protocol in the historical group. HSRs were observed in 6 of 768 cycles of chemotherapy (0.78%) in a group of patients with the modified premedication protocol. Moreover, it was found in 4 of 761 cycles of chemotherapy (0.52%) in a group of patients with the standard premedication protocol. When comparing the relationship of the HSRs incidence between the groups using multilevel regression analysis with the random-effects model, there were no differences with a statistical significance (regression coefficients = 0.008, p-value = 0.30). Conclusion: The results of the study comprised evidence-based medicine supporting the safety of omitting ranitidine from the premedication protocol for the patients who had a taxane regimen and had a similar rate of HSRs to the use of ranitidine.}, keywords = {taxane,Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs),Ranitidine,Premedication}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90067.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90067_d681f3e36d6fc874c48e3b45b166baa3.pdf} } @article { author = {Suyatmi, Suyatmi and Mudigdo, Ambar and Purwanto, Bambang and Indarto, Dono and Hakim, Fikar and Krisnawati, Dyah}, title = {Brazilin Isolated from Caesalpina Sappan Wood Induces Intrinsic Apoptosis on A549 Cancer Cell Line by Increasing p53, caspase-9, and caspase-3}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1337-1343}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1337}, abstract = {Objective: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among cancer patients. The majority of lung cancer is the Non-Small Lung Carcinoma (NSLC). This study evaluated the potency of brazilin isolated from Caesalpinia sappan wood to induce apoptosis on non-small lung carcinoma cell line, A549, by examining the expression of p53, caspase-9, and caspase-3. Methods: Brazilin was isolated from Caesalpinia sappan wood following a guided assay and it was determined by using Brazilin®SIGMA as standard. The activity of brazilin on the growth of A549 cell line was analysed by MTT assay and the apoptosis was evaluated by flowcytometer following Annexin V (FITC) and PI staining. The expression of p53, caspase-9, and caspase-3 was examined by immunocytochemistry. Result: The IC50 of brazilin on A549 cell line was 43µg/mL. Cell treatment with 20 µg/mL and 40 µg/mL of brazilin significantly increased early apoptosis (p<0.001). Cell treatment with 40 µg/mL  of Brazilin significantly increased late apoptosis (p<0.001). Brazilin significantly increased the expression of p53, Caspase-9, and caspase-3 (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed evidence of the activity of brazilin to induce intrinsic apoptosis on a NSLC cell line A549. }, keywords = {brazilin,Caesalpinia sappan,A549,Lung cancer,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90072.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90072_36b5d2823440eb7330ce23f330c691e5.pdf} } @article { author = {Diab, Kawthar and El-Shenawy, Reem and Helmy, Naiera and El-Toumy, Sayed}, title = {Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Activities of Bombax ceiba Flowers in Liver Cancer Cells Huh7}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1345-1350}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1345}, abstract = {Objective: Bombax ceiba (red Silk cotton tree) has great ethnopharmacological significance due to its widespread use to treat various diseases such as dysentery, inflammation, and tuberculosis. Despite decades of research, the studies on the in vitro anticancer/genotoxic activity of B. ceiba flower remains restricted. Thus, the present research explored the effect of ethanol extract from B. ceiba flowers on three human cancer cells, including lung A549 and liver HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines. Methods: Cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of B. ceiba extract was examined by MTT and comet assay, respectively. Further, B. ceiba extract was analysed to determine total polyphenol content and DPPH antiradical scavenging activity. Results: ethanol extract from B. ceiba flowers had a high polyphenols content with very potent antioxidant activity. Further, B. ceiba extract displayed moderate cytotoxicity against Huh7 cells and no cytotoxicity against HepG2 and A549 cells. The comet assay findings showed that Huh7 cells treated with four concentrations of B. ceiba extract (¼ IC50, ½ IC50, IC50, and double IC50) increased the comet tail formation within 48 h in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion: ethanol extract from B. ceiba flowers exhibited its cytotoxicity through induction of DNA fragmentation in Huh7 cells.}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity,comet assay,Liver and lung cancer cells,MTT assay,total polyphenol content}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90069.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90069_30f8ec3e74199d1aad3fe6a7a77fa6ca.pdf} } @article { author = {Leksomboon, Ratana and Kumpangnil, Kamonrot and Pangjit, Kanjana and Udomsuk, Latiporn}, title = {The Effects of Ibuprofen, Naproxen and Diclofenac on cell Apoptosis, Cell Proliferation and Histology Changes in Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1351-1358}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1351}, abstract = {Objective: To examine the effects of ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on cell proliferation activity of the human CCA cell lines. Methods: KKU-M139 and KKU-213B cell lines were used in this study. The cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. Lipid synthesis determined by Oil red O staining and colorimetric assay. An inverted phase-contrast light microscope was used to investigate the histological change of the cells. Caspases 3/7 activity and AnnexinV/PI were used to assess apoptosis by multiple microplate reader. Results: The results showed that ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac suppressed the viability of the KKU-M139 and KKU-213B cells in a dose-dependent manner, as measured especially diclofenac. However, these three NSAIDs slightly decreased lipid synthesis determined by Oil red O staining and colorimetric assay. The histological change observations showed the shrinking cell and become star-shaped in high dose treated groups. Interestingly, these NSAIDs exhibited in both of KKU-M139 and KKU-213B cell lines, the diclofenac-treated cells had the most injury cells. The cells exhibited cell injury features. In addition, the detection of caspase 3/7 and AnnexinV/PI in this investigation revealed early cell apoptotic characteristics. Conclusion: These finding suggest that ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac suppress cell viability. The results reveal that ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac, which induce the histological change and apoptosis. This study indicates that these NSAIDs may be used as an anti-proliferation agent for the treatment of CCA in the future.}, keywords = {cholangiocarcinoma,Apoptosis,ibuprofen,naproxen,diclofenac}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90073.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90073_ed4e574c047d0827697217f67657223e.pdf} } @article { author = {Saied, Marwa and Rizk, Mohamed M and El Sayed, Nedaa and Mostafa, Salma and Marzouk, Salah and Fayed, Haytham}, title = {Sequencing of Chromosomal Locus 6q25.1 Revealed Two Significant SNPs rs2046210 and rs2046211 Associated with Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Egyptian Women}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1359-1364}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1359}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the major health problems affecting females in Egypt. Certain chromosomal loci abnormalities were proved to be associated with BC in different populations. One of them is chromosomal locus 6q25.1, that affects estrogen receptor gene (ESR) which controls ER receptor expression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate locus 6q25.1 among group of Egyptian female BC patients and compare the results to healthy matched age controls. Methods: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples of sixty newly diagnosed BC patients were sequenced for locus 6q25.1 using genetic analyzer with capillary electrophoresis (3500 GA). The identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were compared to blood samples of forty controls. Realtime PCR using TaqMan probes was used for validation. Results: Two SNPs rs2046210 and rs2046211 were significantly associated with BC. Frequency of rs2046210-A minor allele was 30% in controls, while the frequency of rs2046211-G minor allele was 15%. Rs2046210-A allele was associated with increased risk of BC (P=0.0001), while rs2046211-G allele was associated with reduced risk of BC (P=0.021). Combined analysis of both SNPs showed that haplotype A/C was associated with increased risk of BC (P = 0.042). No significant correlation was found between rs2046210-A allele and ER status, while positive association was observed between rs204621-C allele and ER status (p= 0.005). Conclusion: Our data confirmed the important association between locus 6q25.1 and risk of BC in other populations. The frequencies of minor alleles of both significant SNPs will pave the way for a wider large-scale genome study and to be investigated with other BC risk factors.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Single nucleotide polymorphism,chromosomal locus,risk}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90088.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90088_3018abb557723d7f14fc578174bd9b8b.pdf} } @article { author = {Dawood, Reham and Gomaa, Ahmed and Abd El Meguid, Mai and Hassan, Essam and Salum, Ghada and Fares, Hany and El Awady, Mostafa and Fares, Eman and Esmat, Gamal}, title = {The Impact of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents on Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1365-1372}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1365}, abstract = {Objective: The co-infection of HCV/CMV may accelerate the progression of liver diseases and worsen responsiveness to IFN treatment. The Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), currently approved therapy for HCV, may cause a transient change in immune status, favoring the reactivation of other viruses. The current study aims to evaluate the impact of DAAs treatment on the reactivation of latent CMV in HCV patients. Methods: The serological IgG, IgM Abs against CMV were detected by ELISA on192 HCV patients. The seronegative CMV IgM patients received (sofosbuvir/daclatasvir) regimen, then the CMV reactivation was examined by measuring the CMV IgM by ELISA and CMV DNA by real-time PCR. Results: The serological data revealed that all patients were positive for CMV IgG (100%) while (64%) patients were positive for CMV IgM. The seronegative CMV IgM (36%) received the DAAs protocol. The sustained virological response was monitored by measuring the HCV RNA viremia in the patient sera. The serological data revealed that 28.6% of patients had a reactivation of CMV, while 18.5% of patients had detectable CMV DNA viremia. Moreover, there was a significant improvement in liver function as well as a decrease in FIB-4 and APRI scores at EOT. SVR was reached 97.4% among the total studied patients (N= 192). Conclusion: CMV co-infection has no impact on the response rate to DAAs. However, the CMV reactivation might have occurred after the complete eradication of HCV by DAAs.}, keywords = {Herpes virus,Reactivation,Direct-acting antiviral,Hepatitis C Virus}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90075.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90075_a03cb8d2c54b666d94b04d21b0c4a903.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Ahmed and El-Feki, Mohamed and Gamal, Mohamed and Doudar, Noha and Marey, Heba and Abd El Ghany, Wael and Abdalla, Nilly}, title = {Association between Genetic Polymorphisms in MicroRNAs 196a2 (rs11614913) and 34 b/c (rs4938723) and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1373-1377}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1373}, abstract = {Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer with substantial cancer-related deaths worldwide. Deregulation of some genetic polymorphisms has been identified in HCC. Objective: We aimed to demonstrate the frequency of miRNA 196a2 rs11614913 and miRNA 34 b/c rs4938723 gene polymorphisms in HCC patients and their correlation with the clinical features and laboratory findings at diagnosis. Subjects and methods: The study was performed on 40 patients with newly diagnosed HCC and 40 patients with liver cirrhosis in addition to 40 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Detection of miRNA 196a2 rs11614913 and miRNA 34 b/c rs4938723 gene polymorphisms was determined by PCR-RFLP. Results: HCC patients had significantly higher frequency of miR-196-2a rs11614913 CC genotype when compared with cirrhotic patients (60.0 % versus 30.0 %, p=0.013). In spite of the fact that HCC patients also had higher frequency of miR-196-2a rs11614913 CC genotype in comparison to controls, the difference fell short of statistical significance (60.0 % versus 42.5 %, p=0.18). No significant differences were found between the studied groups regarding the frequency of miR-196-2a alleles. miR34 b/c rs4938723 CC genotype was the only identified genotype in all participants in the three studied groups. No significant associations were found between the different clinical and laboratory variables and genotypic variations in HCC patients. Conclusions: This study identified miR-196a2 rs11614913 CC genotype as a risk factor for HCC development while we failed to document similar relation for miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism. }, keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,MicroRNA,miR-196a2,miR-34b/c}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90076.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90076_634557ad8038a0ad74e2cdf5ed9252ea.pdf} } @article { author = {Yacir, El Alami and Hadj, Omar Malki and Hafid, Hachi and Said, Benamr}, title = {Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Moroccan Version of the EORTC QLQ-CR29 in Patients with Colorectal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1379-1385}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1379}, abstract = {The increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in Morocco has generated a need for a disease-specific quality-of-life measuring instrument. The present study aims to translate and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Moroccan Arabic version of the EORTC QLQ-C29 measure in Moroccan subjects with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Following translation to Moroccan Arabic, The QLQ-C30 and QLQ-C29 were administered to 135 patients treated for colorectal cancer (CRC) at the national oncology institute of Rabat, in the period from February 2016 to June 2018. Statistical analysis included reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity as well as known-groups comparisons. Results: (89 %) patients completed the questionnaires of the EORTC QLQ C-29 and EORTC QLQ C-30. The test –retest, administered to 25 patients and the ICCs for each item ranged from 0.61 to 0.93 indicating good to excellent reproducibility. The internal consistency coefficients for body image, urinary frequency, stool frequency scales were acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ 0.70), while the blood and mucus in the stool dimensions had lower reliability (0.65).  Multi-trait scaling analysis showed that multi-item scales met standards of convergent and discriminate validity. All Correlations between the EORTC QLQ C-29 and EORTC QLQ C-30 scores were low (r < 40). The known- group comparisons showed differences between group of patients based on tumor location and with/ without a stoma. Conclusion: The Moroccan Arabic Dialectal version of the QLQ-C 29 is a valid and reliable measure of health related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with colorectal cancer.}, keywords = {EORTC QLQ-C29,Colorectal carcinoma,Validation,Morocco}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90077.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90077_8e7d014a2a2d0e6211cee68cf490cde3.pdf} } @article { author = {Moualla, Yahia and Moassass, Faten and AL-Halbi, Bassel and Al -Achkar, Walid and Georgeos, Michael and Yazigi, Haissam and Khamis, Atieh}, title = {Prognostic Relevance of DNMT3A, FLT3 and NPM1 Mutations in Syrian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1387-1395}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1387}, abstract = {Objective: Among all types of hematological neoplasms, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has the highest death rate. Recently, cytogenetic and molecular genetics are crucial in the management, as a consequence of their effect on AML pathogenesis, classification, risk-stratification, prognosis and treatment. Methods: 100 Syrian adults with Normal Karyotype (NK) newly diagnosed  AML patients were included in this study, all cases confirmed histologically and immunohistochemically. Patients were divided into six subgroups using flow cytometry and cytological results. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on exon 11-12 for FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD), exon 12 for Nucleophosmin1 (NPM1), and exon 23 for DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) using target primers, the electropherograms were analyzed for gene mutations by comparing with the reference DNA sequence. Data were compared and aligned with different sequences using the NCBI BLAST Assembled Genomes tool. Results: FLT3-ITD, NPM1 and DNMT3A were detected in 24%, 22 % and 4%  patients respectively. M2 subtype had the most frequent incidence of diagnosis in AML. FLT3-ITD mutation patients had the highest mean of death cases, while the DNMT3A mutation patients had the lowest. On the other hand, the highest mean of remission was in patients with NPM1 mutation and the lowest in the carriers of the FLT3-ITD mutation. It was observed that the mean relapsed patients with FLT3-ITD and DNMT3A mutation was 3.4 and 2 months respectively, with no significant differences between (FLT3-ITD and DNMT3A) carriers and non-carriers relapsed. On the contrary,  the mean relapsed for NPM1 mutation carriers was 2.4  months with significant statistical differences. The mean survival time for patients with FLT3-ITD and NPM1  mutation was 5.9 months and 5.85 months respectively, with significant correlation. Between it was 5.88 months in DNMT3A patients with no significant differences. Finally, It was noted that the mean event free survival (EFS) of FLT3-ITD mutation patients was 4.818 months and the mean EFS of NPM1 mutation patients was 4.805 months, with significant statistical differences (p<0.05) between the mutation patients and non-mutated patients regarding to EFS, While this mean was not statistically significant in patients carrying DNMT3A mutation. Conclusion: Patients with FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations have the worst prognosis, where the presence of those mutations was significantly related to overall survival (OS) and EFS. Our study reflects that DNMT3A was not an extremely bad prognostic effect as an independent factor. We can declare according to this study that genetic mutation and variants detection could easily be incorporated into the regimen evaluation of AML patients.}, keywords = {Acute myeloid leukemia (AML),cytogenetic,Prognostic factors,DNMT3A,FLT-ITD}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90089.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90089_df2b93ece43da0873705000e4828194c.pdf} } @article { author = {V T, Hridya and Khanna, D and Raj, Aswathi and Padmanabhan, Sathish and P, Mohandass}, title = {Dosimetric Importance of Implementing Jaw Tracking Technique in Radiotherapy Treatment Plan Execution}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1397-1403}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1397}, abstract = {Objective: To study the dosimetric importance of Jaw tracking technique in reducing the doses to organs at risk (OAR) while achieving the optimal dose coverage for the target. Methods: We retrospectively selected ten Glioblastoma cases and for each patient, two plans were created namely Static Jaw Technique Dynamic Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy plan and Jaw Tracking Technique D-IMRT plan with 6 MV for Varian Truebeam™ STx machine using Eclipse Treatment planning system. Both plans were analyzed and compared based on various dosimetric parameters for Planning Target Volume (PTV) and OARs. The dose agreement between the Portal dose image prediction and the portal dosimetry measurement was also analysed  using gamma analysis criteria of 3%/3mm, 2%/2mm and 1%/1mm of dose distance/distance-to-agreement. Results: The dosimetric parameters evaluated for both plans showed that most of the parameters gave significant P values, where D50% of PTV showed a mean difference (Δ) of 0.45 with significant P value, 0.0104. Similarly mean dose, D2%, D98%, D80% to PTV, Conformity Index and Conformation number showed Δ values of 0.45, 0.51, 0.41, 0.40, 0.02 and 0.01 with their significant P values as 0.0138, 0.0172, 0.0313, 0.0466, 0.0279, 0.0561 respectively. The Δ values and significant P values obtained among OARs are 0.54;0.0224 for brainstem, 0.54;0.0017 for RT optic nerve, 0.52;0.0001 for LT optic nerve, 0.59;0.0040 for optic chiasm and for the healthy tissues it showed the values with their mean dose, V5 and V30 parameters as 0.19;0.0115, 0.59;0.0067 and 0.25;0.0125 respectively. The JTT plans showed better passing results of gamma analysis criteria when compared to SJT plans. Conclusion: The findings in the studies emphasize the importance of using JTT technique in the radiotherapy treatment plans as it lowers the risk of acute or late toxicity and secondary radiogenic cancers in patients by reducing the OAR doses and achieves better tumor control.}, keywords = {Keywords: IMRT plans,SJT technique,JTT technique,MLC,DD/DTA}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90078.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90078_2daddd101baeec23d9167acd52adaf27.pdf} } @article { author = {Ali, Zainab and Sahib, Hayder}, title = {Antiangiogenic Activity of Sweet Almond (Prunus dulcis) Oil Alone and in Combination with Aspirin in both in vivo and in vitro Assays}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1405-1413}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1405}, abstract = {Objective: Angiogenesis is new blood vessels formations that are necessary for certain physiological and pathologic conditions. Almond oil represents adjuvant therapies for numerous health benefits; It has ability for prevent the formation angiogenesis in tumour, due to its high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, flavonoids and other ingredients content. Aspirin is non-steroidal ant-inflammatory drug; significantly reduce the angiogenesis of cancer. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of Prunus dulcis oil alone and in combination with aspirin, as an anti-angiogenic. Method: A sequential concentrations ex-vivo rat aorta ring assay, investigate the anti-angiogenic activity of Prunus dulcisoil in vivo. After three days of incubation, small holes were created on the fine pinpoint. Acute toxicity study was evaluated after administration of Prunus dulcis oil via intraperitoneal route. Results: the obtained results displayed that the serial concentration dose-response has a significant inhibition effect of blood vessels growth when compared to the negative control (DMSO 1%), the dose depended percentage of inhibition, sweet almond oil in combination with aspirin synergism effect to inhibition growth blood vessels as anti-angiogenic activity. The zone of inhibition was been measured as the mean of inhibition area of blood vessel on eggs in millimetre (mm) ± standard deviation. Conclusion: Almond oil dose has inhibition effect on cancer and can be used as (anti-angiogenesis), the activity of almond oil with Aspirin synergism can significantly reduce blood vessel’s growth in rate aorta ring and CAM assay.}, keywords = {Anti-angiogenesis,CAM,rate aorta ring,sweet almond oil,aspirin}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90090.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90090_ff9b2a60789e626728ccc215406ba5eb.pdf} } @article { author = {Leong, Elvynna and Ong, Sok King and Jali, Fadzilah and Naing, Lin}, title = {Incidence, Mortality and Survival Analysis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Brunei Darussalam}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1415-1423}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1415}, abstract = {Background: This study provides population-based study of cancer incidence, mortality and survival rates for women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and evaluate the prognostic factors of EOC patients survival in Brunei Darussalam. Methods: This is a retrospective  study of patients diagnosed with EOC between 1st January 2007 and 31st December 2017 in Brunei Darussalam. Crude, age-specific, age-standardized incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 women were calculated. Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the overall 5-years survival rate. Log-rank test was used to examine the differences in survival between groups. The multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio for overall survival and to identify the prognostic factors. Results: A total of 207 patients were included in the study. The crude incidence and mortality rates were 9.7 and 3.6 per 100,000 respectively while the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were 11.3 (95% CI: 9.7,12.9) and 4.5 (95% CI: 3.4,5.6) per 100,000 respectively in the period 2007-2017. The overall mean age at diagnosis was 48.4 (standard deviation=15.3) years. The overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years for EOC patients were 79.7%, 69.7%, and 61.4% respectively. Age at diagnosis, cancer stage, and histology were significant prognostic factors for patients’ survival. Older age at diagnosis (≥70 years vs <40 years), regional or advanced stage (vs localized stage) and having undifferentiated or other epithelial ovarian (vs serous carcinoma) were associated with having higher hazard of death. Conclusion: Early detection of disease should be emphasized through public education and  raising awareness to improve survival rates of patients with EOC.}, keywords = {Prognostic factors,hazard,population based}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90079.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90079_d9769b8eb2c7ebddafdf67cec5649698.pdf} } @article { author = {Amer, Samar and Ibrahim, Heba and Elkordy, Miran}, title = {The Immunohistochemical Expression of SOX-10 in Urothelial Carcinoma and the Non Neoplastic Urothelium; and a Correlation with the Tumor Features}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1425-1432}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1425}, abstract = {Objective: Evaluation of SOX-10 expression in malignant urothelial cells, comparing it with the phenotypically non neoplastic urothelium, and correlating it with the various clinicopathological variables, with a focus on the invasive pattern. Methods: Eighty paraffin blocks of urothelial carcinoma were stained by H&E. Histopathological features were evaluated and then immunostained with SOX-10 to evaluate its expression. Results: The evaluation of SOX-10 expression in urothelial carcinoma, revealed a high grade of SOX-10 expression in the malignant urothelium (43\80 cases; 53.7%), while the adjacent the non neoplastic urothelium expressed high SOX-10 in (12\42 case; 28.6%). Correlation of SOX-10 score with the various variables revealed a statistically significant correlation with the gross shape (P value=0.002), the tumor grade ((P value=0.009), the muscle invasion by the tumor ((P value=0.004), the tumor T stage, (P-value <0.001), N stage (P value=0.003), associated Schistoma hematobium infestation (P-value =0.016), and the presence of vascular tumor emboli (P-value =0.009). It was statistically insignificant with the gender, the anatomical site, and the perineural tumor invasion. Correlating the mean of SOX-10 score with some tumor features revealed a statistically significant correlation with the muscle invasion by the tumor, Tumor grade, T stage, and  non neoplastic urothelium; P-value <0.001 each and N stage P value=0.006. Conclusion: SOX-10 is overexpressed in urothelial carcinoma and it was also detected in a significant part of the surrounding non neoplastic urothelium, which may contribute to understanding its role in multistep urothelial carcinogenesis as transcription or tumor-promoting factor, thus it could be used in future trials for specific targeted therapy. }, keywords = {Keywords: Urothelial carcinoma,Normal urothelium,SOX-10}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90080.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90080_280367447b9c106d2f16572eaff3df38.pdf} } @article { author = {Attia, Samar and Abd El Hafez, Amal and Abdel-Aziz, Azza and Elmetwaly, Shimaa and Mokhtar, Nagwa}, title = {Prognostic Value of PD-L1 Immunohistochemical Marker in Gastric Carcinoma and Its Correlation with HER2 Status}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {23}, number = {4}, pages = {1433-1444}, year = {2022}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1433}, abstract = {Objective: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are currently considered as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in many human cancers. This study aims to evaluate immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of PD-L1 in gastric cancer (GC) and explore its prognostic role in terms of association with HER2 expression, different clinico-pathological variables, in particular density and cluster designation (CD)8 positivity in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and with patients’ disease-free and overall survival (DFS, OS). Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 111 diagnosed primary GC patients who underwent surgical resection at the Gastrointestinal Surgery Center (GISC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. After demographic, clinicopathological and survival data collection, histopathological evaluation was done for GC typing, staging and assessment of the histopathological prognostic parameters. IHC was performed for PD-L1, HER2 and CD8. PDL-1 was scored using the Combined Positive Score (CPS). Results: PD-L1 was expressed in 43.2% of GCs at a CPS cut-off value ≥ 1. PDL-1 positivity was significantly associated with high TILs and CD8+ TILs (p=0.008, 0.016 respectively), indicating its contribution to tumor microenvironment along with the TILs. Multivariate analysis spotted PD-L1 positivity as an independent prognostic predictor for shorter OS in GC (p=0.013), with a tendency toward shorter DFS. Only 9.9% GCs were HER2 positive (score +3) with no significant association with PD-L1. Conclusion: PDL-1 is a promising prognostic and therapeutic target in GC that may direct the selection of patients for immunotherapy and checkpoint-blockade (pembrolizumab) therapy.}, keywords = {Programmed Death - Ligand 1,Gastric cancer,immunohistochemistry,TILs,survival}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90081.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_90081_796c6076a85768871ead8906b35cb467.pdf} }