@article { author = {}, title = {Apologies to Drs Yuji Kurokawa and Dai Nakae}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {-}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24106.html}, eprint = {} } @article { author = {}, title = {Requirement for Asian Pacific Collaboration in Assessment of Nutritional Factors Impacting on Cancer Development}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {93-96}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24105.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24105_97f78dd580dbc34b6fd398c70b04d262.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The Cancer Institute of Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {97-98}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24107.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24107_c3d372062ffdb3b1b1b38ed383524d79.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cancer Screening: A Review with Particular Attention to Areas for Future International Research Efforts}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {99-123}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {For almost all of the sites of most common cancers, particularly the lung, colo-rectum and cervix, relatively inexpensiveand reliable tests have been available for some time. Advances in imaging techniques now allow identification ofearly tumours in many other organs, including those that are normally associated with a very poor prognosis. Inaddition, increasing knowledge of the risk factors for cancer development in different organs imply more effectivescreening for early malignancies in high risk populations and the associated increase in the predictive value shouldmean that early intervention will result in a marked decrease in the mortality and morbidity due to a wide range ofmajor cancers. However, there are many difficulties which remain to be overcome, especially in the psychosocialarea. Problems with overdiagnosis and distinction of lesions most likely to actually give rise to cancers also requireespecial attention for the full promise of screening to be realised. In addition, choice of the most appropriate approachwill require an in depth understanding of cultural factors impacting on screening behaviour and it is of paramountimportance that both physicians and the public at large be fully aware of pitfalls and potential benefits. Thus researchneeds to be concentrated on effective education approaches as well as how to increase practical sensitivity and specificityof individual tests and determine the best follow-up for individuals testing positive.}, keywords = {Screening for early detection,methodology,psychosocial factors,education}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24108.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24108_60325e515ac3e9285afe8c964277b5c5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Soybeans, Soy Foods, Isoflavones and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Review of Experimental and Epidemiological Data}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {125-132}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Incidence rates of colorectal cancer are relatively low in Asian populations, in which soy foods are commonlyconsumed. Soybeans and soy foods are an almost exclusive source of isoflavone intake. In in vitro studies, isoflavoneshave been shown to have various anticarcinogenic properties such as inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation,induction of apoptosis, antiangiogenesis, and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase. Thus the protective role of soy foodsand isoflavones in the etiology of colorectal cancer is a matter of interest. We therefore reviewed animal andepidemiological studies of colorectal cancer in relation to soybeans, soy foods, and isoflavones. Animal studies fairlyconsistently showed that soyfoods or isoflavones inhibited the formation of aberrant crypt foci, but did not clearlydemonstrate an inhibitory effect of soy foods and isoflavones on the development of chemically-induced colorectalcancer. Several case-control studies have suggested that soy food consumption may confer a reduced risk of colorectalcancer although the findings are rather inconsistent. Most of the previous studies, especially in Japan, ascertainedonly the frequency of consuming selected soy foods, and thus were defective as regards the measurement of the totalconsumption of soy foods. Further epidemiological studies are needed to clarify the role for soy foods in colorectalcarcinogenesis.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,soybean,soy foods,isoflavones}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24109.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24109_cd7573dac9b3486f51123105032a9316.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Reduction of Death Certificate Only (DCO) Registrations by Active Follow Back}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {133-135}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Death certificates are an important source of information for cancer registries that help to improve completenessof case finding. In many countries where routine mortality data are considered of poor quality, this source is oftenregarded as being of little value. We evaluated the contribution of death certificates to the total number of registrationsin the years 1993-1997, in the Manila Cancer Registry (MCR). We compared the “standard” practice of retrievingclinical information if the death certificate was completed in a hospital, with active search of additional informationfrom the deceased's relatives when the death was certified at home.The standard procedure allowed us to reduce theproportion of cases registered from a death certificate by 5%. The improvement varied significantly among the mostcommon sites with a reduction of 10% for lymphomas to less than 1% for cancers of the cervix.The proportion ofliver cancers registered from a death certificate only (DCO), originally 47%, was reduced to 29% by contactingrelatives of the deceased patients. In countries with limited investment in information systems, death certificates,even when recognised as being of poor quality, are an important source of information for cancer registries.}, keywords = {Cancer registration,Death Certificate Only}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24110.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24110_88ffd7375b592322ee6bfd1669a767eb.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cancer in Women in Mumbai, India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {137-142}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The challenge of population based cancer registration in developing countries is enormous. In India, the firstPopulation Based Cancer Registry named “Bombay Cancer Registry” was established by the Indian Cancer Societyin Mumbai (formerly Bombay) in 1963, covering the population of the Mumbai Agglomeration. Up to now thisregistry has collected epidemiological information on more than 200,000 cancer incidence cases and 100,000 cancerdeaths. At present this registry covers an area of 603.00 sq.kms having a population of 12 million. Here, an attempthas been made to analyse and interpret cancer incidence and mortality data for women, registered in Mumbaiduring 1993-97.}, keywords = {Epidemiology,Incidence,Trends,risk factors,Ethnic Groups}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24111.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24111_0b4489a0e97798788b4ebcb4579abdb9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Analysis of Female Breast Cancer Descriptive Epidemiology in Tianjin, China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {143-148}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {To take effective measures for prevention and achieve the goal of reducing the incidence and mortality rate frombreast cancer, the method of descriptive epidemiology was used to study the situation regarding female breast cancerin Tianjin. There is an increasing trend for the incidence rate (increasing 51% during the period from 1981 to 1997),though the absolute value is still low in comparison with the developed countries in the world. Furthermore, themortality rate of breast cancer has been decreasing constantly (decreasing 38% during the same period), while the5-year, 10-year and 15-year survival rate increased. This may be mostly attributable to work leading to early detectionand early diagnosis of breast cancer.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Incidence,mortality and survival rates}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24112.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24112_b16b42d6f212d56e7df7ca4a6a3e38df.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {A Model Obesity Control Program Focusing on a Healthy Diet and Gentle Exercise in Aichi Cancer Center Hospital}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {149-154}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {With the change of nutrient intake after the Second World War, obesity is becoming one of the most serious healthproblems in Japan. From a practical viewpoint for prevention of lifestyle related diseases, we planned an intervention trialof weight control for obese women. After obtaining informed consent, we recruited patients over 30 years old with a BMIof 24 or more for the present program. Forty patients were randomly assigned into study groups A (28) and B (12). GroupA started the prevention program at the entry and group B started three months thereafter, according to the protocol. Thistrial was designed to evaluate effectiveness of intervention trial during the first 3 months by comparing values with thosefor the non- intervention subjects. At the baseline and after three and six months, participants were checked for body size,dietary intake and serum chemistry. They were stressed to make a record not only of food intake but also physical activityover the 3 months. Every weekend they returned their record diaries by mail and we provided appropriate comments bytelephone and/or mail after reviewing them.After follow up for 3 months, we observed significant improvement in BMI, waist and hip size. There was a 4.2 %decrease of initial body weight on average after intervention but a 0.3 % increase in the group without intervention, thedifference between the two groups being statistically significant. With regard to change in key biomarkers in group A,decreased serum triglycerides appeared related to the reduction of BMI, but no link was apparent for total cholesterol.}, keywords = {Intervention trial,obesity control,serum triglycerides}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24113.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24113_6c53ce8fd19f7d2e96af2cd9995b4025.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Vitamin B12 and Folate Status in  Head and Neck Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {155-162}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Deficiency of vitamin B12 and folate is associated with causation of certain precancerous conditions and cancer.The present study was carried out on 56 controls, 167 patients with oral precancerous conditions (OPC) and 214head and neck cancer patients, to evaluate the plasma vitamin B12 and folate levels to determine their associationwith tobacco habits and vegetarianism and several sociodemographic factors. The subjects were interviewed using ahealth habit and diet questionnaire at the time of blood collection. Simultaneous estimations of plasma vitamin B12and folate were done by Dual Count Radioassay. It was found that the habit of tobacco consumption, lower educationand low income were among the risk factors. A decrease in the plasma vitamin B12 and folate levels with respect totobacco habits, disease progression, and vegetarian diet was also observed. The individuals in the ower quartile forvitamin B12 and folate were at a higher risk of developing OPC, as compared to those in higher quartiles. Similarly,the patients with OPC in lower quartiles were found to be at a higher risk of developing cancer than their counterparts.There was a significant positive correlation between vitamin B12 and folate levels in the subjects consuming tobacco,and more so in patients with OPC (r=0.4330, p=0.000). Folate levels were significantly lower in patients with advancedas compared with early disease (ANOVA p=0.006 and Spearman’s Rho = -0.211 and p=0.01). The results suggest,potential significance of plasma vitamin B12 and folate levels in head and neck malignancies which needs to beconfirmed by further studies on a large population.}, keywords = {cancer,Folate,vitamin B12,head and neck,leukoplakia,submucus fibrosis,Tobacco}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24114.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24114_f2c253d475b73c75acff78393549be60.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Azoxymethane-induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Male F344 Rats}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {163-166}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Modifying effects of chlorogenic acid (CA) on carcinogen-induced large bowel carcinogenesis was examined inrats. A total of 150 male F344 rats, 4 weeks old, were divided into 5 groups. At 6 weeks of age, groups 1-3 were givensubcutaneous injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) once a week for three weeks. Group 2 was given the dietmixed with CA at the dose of 250 ppm during the initiation phase (5 weeks), and group 3 was exposed to the samediet during the post-initiation phase (32 weeks). Group 4 received the diet with CA throughout the experiment.Group 5 was maintained on the basal diet alone and served as a control. At the termination of the experiment (36weeks after the start), the incidence of colon tumors in group 2 and 3 demonstrated a tendency for decrease ascompared with group 1 although this did not attain significance At this time, the multiplicity of colon tumors ofgroup 2 was significantly smaller than in group 1. In this study, the anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)indices for non-neoplastic cells of the colon mucosae in groups 2 and 3 were also smaller than in group 1. The datasuggest that CA has chemopreventive potential against colon carcinogenesis in rats like that showen in a hamstermodel with use of methylazoxymethanol acetate.}, keywords = {Cholorogenic acid,azoxymethane,Rats,colon carcinogenesis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24115.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24115_5770fc3715918febd629f5532ef09e31.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Residential Environment, Diet and Risk of Stomach Cancer: a Case-control Study in Linzhou, China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {167-172}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {A case-control study was conducted to investigate risk factors for stomach cancer in a rural population in China.Linzhou Cancer Registry was used to identify cases of stomach cancer, aged between 30 and 75 years, diagnosedbetween January 1998 and April 1999. Three neighbourhood controls were selected for each case, matched accordingto age, sex and village of residence. A total of 210 cases and 630 controls were interviewed. Conditional logisticregression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for factors associated with the risk of cancer. Among characteristicsof the residential environment, significantly increased risk was found for: frequent irritation on eyes or throat bysoot (OR 5.54, 95% CI 1.42-21.65, p for trend <0.01). This effect was particularly strong in women (OR 19.5, 95% CI1.28-297.09, p for trend =0.01). Dietary factors that were significantly associated with an increased risk were foodgrains other than rice, wheat and maize (OR 2.93, 95% 1.16-7.38), pickled or salted vegetables (OR 3.99, 95% CI1.63-9.75) and preference for a high salt diet (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.56-4.26). The consumption of vegetables showed aprotective effect with an odds ratio of 0.27 (95% CI 0.11-0.61). It follows that a developing economy and improvementin living standards, with associated increased intake of fruit and vegetables and reduced consumption of salt, cancontribute to a reduction in the incidence of stomach cancer in the Linzhou population.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24116.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24116_c14f9f642463365de12a7a056d483ba4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Why is the Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Smoking Habit not Consistent? Possibly Diluted Association with the Interleukin-1B C-31T Polymorphism in Japanese Brazilians}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {173-175}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The smoking habit is influenced by culture, psychological traits and physical factors. Recent studies on genetic polymorphisms have demonstrated that functional polymorphisms pertaining to neurotransmitters may affect smoking behavior, as well as psychological parameters and diseases. Our recent study demonstrated the interleukin (IL)-1B gene encoding IL-1â, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, to be associated with smoking; Japanese with the IL-1B C-31T T/T genotype, an inflammation-prone trait, were less likely to be smokers than those with IL-1B C-31T C/C (J Epidemiol 2001;11:120-125). This indicates that genetically determined biochemistry may also be an important factor for smoking behavior. We have investigated this association in another population, 963 Japanese Brazilians (399 males and 564 females) aged 33-69 years from Curitiba, Mogi das Cruzes, and Mirandopolis in Brazil. Current smokers were 15.3% among males and 11.6% among females. The sex-age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the polymorphism in males was around unity. In females, the adjusted OR of being current smokers vs. non-current smokers was 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.32-1.45) for the T/T genotype relative to the C/C genotype, and the adjusted OR of being ever smokers vs. never smokers was 0.85 (0.46-1.58). Significant reduction in the OR was not observed for either males or females with the T/T genotype. Although the inconsistent result could be caused by random variation, effect dilution caused by incorporation of a group with a smoking-free culture is a possible reason for the apparent anomaly. The effect of dilution may thus have to be taken into consideration, especially for studies on the smoking habit and genetic polymorphisms.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24117.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24117_0132a7b45584ee2feafcc717e84d7ddd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Research on Nutrition and Cancer: The Importance of  Standardized Dietary Assessments}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {177-180}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Diet is a multidimensional variable, with diversity and composition as two important factors. It has been shown in one study that consumption of foods from a limited number of food groups reduces diversity and results in increased risk of early mortality. Eating habits are influenced by many biological, social, psychological, and cultural factors. Much research on strategies to promote healthful eating patterns that may prevent or control some cancers has been conducted over the past two decades. It’s therefore essential that the APOCP promotes investigation of the role of diet-related and lifestyle factors in cancer, using a multidisciplinary approach that involves large populationbased prospective studies in which biological samples are collected and analyzed for biomarkers of diet, metabolic processes and genetic susceptibility. Several large cohort studies need to be initiated and coordinated for Asian Pacific countries in the future. Development of methods for adjusting for measurement error in estimates of exposure, for validating and calibrating intake and for standardizing dietary assessment is a high priority.}, keywords = {Nutrition &#8211,food diversity and composition &#8211,cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24118.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24118_dca9d2818dc918552d22b784bb90f0c1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {APOCP/APJCP Questionnaire Points for Discussion at the First APOCP General Conference - Is an Asian PacificOrganization for Cancer Contr}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {181-182}, year = {2002}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {With almost three years of experience behind the Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention, there is agreat deal which needs to be discussed at the First APOCP General Conference to be held in Nagoya, Central Japan, in October of this year. The program, as can be seen from the Meetings section of the present issue, includes time for decisions to be made regarding the future of the APOCP and how to ensure that the journal continues to provide a service to the Asian Pacific research community, assuming this is still the wish of the members. The present explanation/questionnaire will hopefully facilitate this purpose while canvasing for the ideas of scientists active in cancer control regarding setting up a sister organization and journal, the APOCT/APJCT, with the T standing for Treatment.. One possibility is that this should be established under the auspices of the Asian Pacific Federation of Organizations for Cancer Control (APFOCC). Your cooperation in providing answers to the questions listed in the included questionnaire is essential for success}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24119.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24119_9861cb9a4ae26724324b613e4d86f188.pdf} }