@article { author = {}, title = {Establishment of the UICC Asia Regional Office and Directions for Collaborative Efforts in the Future}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {345-347}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24480.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24480_c9ce02b01d5a0c8e6eaf80ed98df2aa8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {13th Annual Japanese Society for Cancer Meeting, July 6-7th, Kyoto}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {348-349}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24481.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24481_c439aa47cedd9d2ba1e5a7fda47b56d8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The 5th Conference on Asian Trends in Prostate Cancer Hormone Therapy, Bali , August 26-27th}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {350-351}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24482.html}, eprint = {} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prostate Cancer Control - Aims of the UICC Asia Regional Office Consortium}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {351-352}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24483.html}, eprint = {} } @article { author = {}, title = {Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Malaysia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {369-374}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Data from the National Cancer Registry of Malaysia for 2004 provide an age-standardised incidence rate (ASR)of 46.2 per 100,000 women. This means that approximately 1 in 20 women in the country develop breast cancer intheir lifetime. However, the rate differs between the three main races, the Malays, Chinese and Indians. The agestandardized incidence in Chinese is the highest, with 59.7 per 100,000, followed by the Indians at 55.8 per 100,000.The Malays have the lowest incidence of 33.9 per 100,000. This translates into 1 in 16 Chinese, 1 in 16 Indian and 1in 28 Malay women developing breast cancer at some stage in their lives. The commonest age at presentation isbetween 40-49 years, with just over 50% of the cases under the age of 50 years, 16.8% below 40, and 2% under 30.Some 55.7% of all cases were found to be ER positive. The commonest presenting symptom was a lump in the breastin over 90% of cases, generally felt by the woman herself. The mean size of the lump was 4.2 cm, and on average, thewomen waited 3 months before seeking medical attention. Over the 12-year period from 1993 to 2004, about 60-70%of women presented with early stage (Stages 1- 2) while 30-40% presented with late breast cancer (Stages 3-4).Especially Malays present at later stages and with larger tumours. Consequently their survival is worse than withChinese and Indian women. The challenge in Malaysia is to be able to provide a comprehensive service in the diagnosisand treatment of breast cancer, and this requires training of a team of health professionals dedicated to breasthealth, such as breast surgeons, radiologists specializing in breast imaging, breast pathologists, plastic surgeonsspecializing in breast reconstruction, medical and radiation oncologists, psycho-oncologists, counselors, and breastnurses. Advocacy can play a role here in galvanizing the political will to meet this challenge.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Malaysia,Epidemiology,comprehensive control}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24484.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24484_93c32b05b13309b5dc2ccb0231966f1a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Epidemiology of Esophageal Cancer in the High-Risk Population of Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {375-380}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The Iranian population includes several ethnic groups scattered throughout Iran, which differ with regard totheir rates for cancer. An infamous ‘Asian esophageal cancer belt’ stretches to the east from the Caspian littoral inIran via Turkmenistan to the Northern provinces of China. Apart from the eastern part of the Caspian littoral areaof Iran which has the highest incidence of esophageal cancer in the world, other parts of the country have variablerates, ranging from 3 to more than 15 cases per 100,000 population, but rates have decreased sharply in the highincidence areas. Studies of the etiology of esophageal cancer in Iran and especially among the Turkmen ethnicpopulation have indicated that several factors are behind the striking high incidence. Certain risk factors such as afamily history of esophageal cancer, low socioeconomic status and poor nutritional diet are well studied and plausibleevidence for their etiologic contributions exist. While thermal irritation and coarse food (physical damage to themucosal lining of the esophagus) have attracted attention in correlational studies, conclusions about their etiologiccontribution are inconclusive.}, keywords = {Esophageal Cancer,Iran,etiological factors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24485.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24485_b136cdacc7985351dbd55d0a04432658.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Development of Population-based Cancer Mortality Registration in the North of Viet Nam}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {381-384}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Regional cancer distributions provide useful pointers to potential environmental risk factors. Cancerdeath registration data are also basic for checking completeness of population-based registration of cancer incidence.The aim of the present project was to develop population-based cancer mortality registration in various regions inthe North of Viet Nam. Methods: Cancer data were accessed from the database of population-routine-based deathregistration performed by medical workers at commune health stations based on the guidelines of the Ministry ofHealth. All deaths occurring in the communities were registered and the registration process was monthly reviewedfor each fatal case regarding the name, age, sex, address, occupation, date - place - cause of death, and informationconcerning to pre-death medical care during the study period from 1999 to 2005. The list of deaths and residents ofthe study population were carefully cross-checked with other information sources to avoid under or over registration.The study sites were Red River Delta areas and a high-mountain area. The world population structure was used toestimate age-standardized cancer mortality rates per 100,000 (ASR). Results: During 4,330,620 person-years estimatedduring 1999 to 2005, 21,108 deaths were registered. The crude death rate from all causes was 487.4 / 100,000. Amongthem, 4,244 cancers in all sites (2,835 in males and 1,409 in females) were registered, giving mortality rates / 100,000of 134.6 and 63.3 (crude), and 155.7 and 54.3 (ASR), for males and females, respectively. The rate for the highmountainarea was only half (45.5) those in the Red River Delta (95.2-117.4). Male to female ratios were ranked from2.2 to 3.1. Cancer accounted for about 20% of all causes of death. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that inViet Nam, development of reliable population-based cancer mortality registration is feasible and practical.}, keywords = {cancer mortality,population-based-routine-death registration,Developing countries,Viet Nam}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24486.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24486_7723491d052083b18b7240be7f5b176c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Geographic Variation in Cancer Incidence and its Patterns in Urban Maharashtra , 2001}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {385-390}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this paper an attempt has been made to study the geographic variations in cancer incidence and its pattern inUrban Maharashtra. Data collected by Mumbai, Poona, Nagpur, and Aurangabad, Population based CancerRegistries, for the year 2001 have been utilized. The incidence patterns by sex, age, and religion has been comparedbetween these four agglomerations. Besides this childhood cancers and tobacco related cancers for each registry arealso described. Age specific cancer incidence rates show increasing trend with increasing age in all the four populations.The curves for Mumbai, Poona, Nagpur are closed together with fluctuations, indicating similarities in the rise. Inall the four registries, amongst males, cancers of the lung, larynx, oesophagus, tongue and prostate while in femalesbreast, cervix, ovary, oesophagus, mouth and leukemias occupy places in ten leading sites. The praportion of childhoodcancers varies from 1.9% in females in Poona to 4.5% in males in the Nagpur populations. The proportion oftobacco related cancers varies in males from 38.9% in Poona to 54.4% in Aurangabad, where as in females from14.1% in Nagpur to 21.7% in Aurangabad. Considerable variations was observed in the incidence of cancer ofvarious sites in both the sexes, professing different religious faiths within this populations. The findings of this papercan be used to estimate the incidence and prevalence of cancer for future for whole Maharashtra state and studies incancer etiology and control can be planned.}, keywords = {Geographic variation,Cancer Incidence,site,Patterns,Tobacco,Religion,childhood}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24487.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24487_e315274cfa16b70d9f65098b890e7d9e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of a Cancer Awareness Campaign: Experience with a Selected Population in Karachi}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {391-395}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The incidence and prevalence of cancer is rapidly increasing in both developed and developing countries. Themost common cancers reported in Pakistan are breast and cervical cancers in females, and lung and oral cancers inmales. Public awareness of cancer can play a vital role in its prevention, early diagnosis and treatment. A pilot surveyconducted by the Cancer Support Group (CSG) of Aga Khan University Hospital from 2001 till 2004 to gauge thepublic awareness of cancer in Pakistan revealed that people were afraid of cancer and had little knowledge about itsprevention and early detection. The survey also identified several social, religious and cultural misconceptions whichhinder cancer screening and treatment. In order to create awareness amongst the general public, especially theyoung generation, members of the CSG also organized fifteen health education sessions in schools, colleges, hospitalsand communities in Karachi which were attended by more than 1,500 people. With the help of the results generatedin the pilot project, education material was designed and developed for these health education sessions. Ten percentof the participants contacted CSG members for some unusual finding after administering a self screening teststaught in these sessions. This indicates the importance of holding cancer awareness sessions and the positive feedbackobtained suggests that people would like to have cancer awareness sessions continued.}, keywords = {Cancer awareness - evaluation - Karachi,Pakistan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24488.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24488_36b471bcef11c2102fd2c84aca969c1c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Combining Mammaglobin and Carcinoembryonic mRNA Markers for Early Detection of Micrometastases from Breast Cancers - a Molecular Study of 59 Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {396-398}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: As many as 30% of node-negative breast cancer patients relapse within five years, suggesting thatcurrent histological detection methods are inadequate for identifying metastatic disease. Detecting small number ofcancer cells in the breast tissue or lymph node by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assaysusing a combination of tissue and cancer specific markers might be very useful in the early detection or monitoringof the treatment. Mammaglobin is a member of the uteroglobin gene family and appears to be expressed only inbreast tissue. Carcinoembryonic antigen has been the preferred molecular marker for detection of micro metastasesin lymph nodes in almost all carcinomas. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from randomly chosenbreast cancer patients undergoing modified mastectomy or breast conserving surgery between September 2003 andJuly 2004. RT-PCR was applied to study the expression of MMG and CEA markers. Breast cancer micrometastasesin axillary lymph nodes were also assessed. Results: The MMG marker was positive in 9/10 normal breast tissues, 3/3 breast fibroadenomas and 37/39 of breast carcinoma tissues, giving an overall sensitivity of 94%. The sensitivitywas 80% for metastatic lymph node samples. On the other hand CEA showed 95% sensitivity for malignant breasttumors and 100% sensitivity for metastatic lymph nodes. Conclusions: RT-PCR using a combination of MMG andCEA markers is a powerful tool to complement current routine histopathology techniques for detection of breastcancer metastasis in axillary nodes.}, keywords = {breast cancer,mammaglobin (MMG),carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) genes,RT-PCR}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24489.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24489_847a6b0715f62b332327e40db3646863.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Smoking Cessation Rate 12 months after a Group Counseling Program in Mongolia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {399-402}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Mongolia is one of the top ten countries with the highest smoking rates of men and women combined, so thattobacco control, especially creating effective smoking cessation programs, is essential issue of the government. Thepresent study aimed to assess an effectiveness of a free group counseling program by trained medical doctors andhealth educators based on “5A” (Ask, Assess, Advise, Assist, and Arrange) with 12 months follow-up in 2002 and2003. Participants were 517 smokers with an intention to quit smoking in three big cities (Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan,and Erdenet). We found that 65.0% of them were not smokers 12 months after the program. The cessation rate wassignificantly higher in 2003 than in 2002, indicating that the effectiveness of the program had improved over time.Group counseling based on the “5A” approach by medical doctors and health educators seems effective for smokerswith an intention to quit smoking. The present approach may be more appropriate in Mongolian conditions thannicotine replacement therapy .}, keywords = {smoking cessation,Group counseling,“5A” approach,intention to quit}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24490.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24490_0decedfbb250fad1ad178227f7c1e89e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Histopathological Outcomes of Women with Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Cervical Cytology}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {403-406}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to determine the final histopathological outcome for women with a squamous cellcarcinoma (SCCA) diagnosed by cervical cytology. The medical records and computerized colposcopic database ofpatients with SCCA on cytology who underwent colposcopy at Chiang Mai University Hospital between February2003 and December 2005 were reviewed and 48 women with SCCA cytology were identified (mean age 50 years,range 31-73). Nineteen (39.6%) women were postmenopausal. Unsatisfactory colposcopy was noted in 42 (87.5%).Thirty one (64.6%) of the patients had a final pathological diagnosis of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(HGSIL), whereas only 16 (33.3%) had invasive cancer. The remaining one patient had a low-grade squamousintraepithelial lesion. Sensitivity and specificity of colposcopic examination for predicting invasive cancer was 50%and 78%, respectively. In conclusion, most women with a SCCA on cervical cytology have high-grade cervical lesionson final pathology, with only one third demonstrating invasive cancer. The loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP) remains an important measure for combined treatment and diagnosis.}, keywords = {Cervical squamous cell carcinoma,Pap smear cytology,colposcopy,histopathological diagnosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24491.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24491_c6ff7a235ac02de61e2f0a7807343330.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Sonographic Morphology Scores (SMS) for Differentiation between Benign and Malignant Adnexal Masses}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {407-410}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of a scoring system for distinguishing between benign andmalignant adnexal masses and to detect threshold scores for prediction of malignant ovarian tumors. Study design:Cross-sectional diagnostic testing. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, ChiangMai University. Subjects: A total 158 patients scheduled for elective surgery due to ovarian tumors at MaharajNakorn Chiang Mai Hospital between June 16, 2002 and August 8, 2004 were recruited into the study. Methods: Allpatients were sonographically examed within 72 hours before surgery by the same sonographer to evaluate themorphology including wall structure, shadowing, septum, echogenicity and score the tumors. The final diagnosiswas based on either pathological or operative findings. Main outcome measure :Sensitivity and specificity of the bestcut-off score. Results: A score of 5 from the receiver operating characteristic curve was found to be the best cut-offscore, giving a sensitivity and a specificity of 85% and 70%, respectively. Conclusion: Sonographic morphologyscores are useful in distinguishing adnexal malignancies from benign lesions in some selected cases.}, keywords = {Ultrasonography,sonographic morphology scores,adnexal masses}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24492.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24492_8aa8a9786bcb448475bba2769c648f64.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Ethnic Disparities in Cancer Mortality Among Residents of Guam}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {411-414}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cancer mortality data collected by the Guam Cancer Registry for the period 1998 through 2002 were analyzedby cancer site, age, and ethnicity. Ethnicity and site specific age-adjusted cancer mortality rates for Guam werecalculated utilizing Guam 2000 census data, the US 2000 standard population and compared to U.S. 2002 ageadjustedcancer mortality rates. Age-adjusted cancer mortality rates for ethnic populations represented on Guam,except those of leukemia and non-Hodgkins lymphoma, were high in relation to other population groups and higherthan U.S. averages. Some highlights include: 1.Chamorros had high age-adjusted mortality rates for mouth andpharynx (247.2 vs. 193.5 U.S.), nasopharynx (9.1 vs. 0.2 U.S.), lung and bronchus (66.9 vs. 54.9 U.S.), colon-rectumanus(28.6 vs. 19.7 U.S.), breast (32.0 vs. 28.0 U.S.) and prostate cancer (40.9 vs. 27.9 U.S.); 2.Chamorros (6.4 vs. 2.5U.S.) and Micronesians (6.3) had high and nearly identical age-adjusted mortality rates for cancer of the mouth andpharynx when nasopharyngeal cancers were excluded; 3.Micronesians had the highest mortality rate for liver cancerover all ethnicities documented (43.5 vs. 4.9 U.S.); 4.Asians had the highest mortality rates for pancreatic (12.5 vs.10.5 U.S.) and cervical cancer (8.5 vs. 2.6 U.S.); 5.Caucasians had the highest mortality rates for leukemia (19.9 vs.7.5 U.S.) and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (17.6 vs. 7.6 U.S.). Suggestions are made for further research on bothexplaining and ameliorating cancer mortality disparities among ethnic groups on Guam.}, keywords = {Guam,cancer,ethnic disparities}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25465.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25465_55eddad6c6505f8afb954757142ffb08.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and GSTM1 in a Thai Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {415-419}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cytochrome P450 2E1 and GSTM1 play major roles in metabolic activation and detoxification of many carcinogensand polymorphisms in the encoding genes have been reported to be individually associated with increased susceptibilityto certain cancer. In the present study, we investigated the RsaI, PstI and DraI polymorphisms of the CYP2E1 geneand the null GSTM1 genotype in a Thai population. DNA samples from 485 individuals were analysed by polymerasechain reaction with restriction fragment length (PCR/RFLP). The frequency of RsaI and PstI predominanthomozygous alleles (c1/c1) was 73.2%, heterozygous allele (c1/c2) was 25.6% and rare homozygous allele (c2/c2)was 1.2%. For the DraI polymorphism, the frequency of the predominant allele (DD) was 59.6%, heterozygous (CD)was 40% and rare allele (CC) was 0.4%. The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype was 62.7%. The distribution andfrequencies of these alleles showed different pattern from those found in Caucasian and some other Asian populations.With the large population in this study, we believed that our results are reliable estimates of the frequencies of thepolymorphic CYP2E1 and GSTM1 alleles in Thai population and should provide a base for further epidemiologicalstudies on their links with cancer development.}, keywords = {CYP2E1,GSTM1,genetic polymorphisms}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24493.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24493_e36ae74e91808e86efd27d8ce819a6ed.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Pattern of Childhood Malignancies: Study of 922 Cases at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi , Pakistan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {420-422}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To determine the pattern of childhood cancer in northern Pakistan. Design: A descriptive study. Placeand Duration: January 1992 to December 2001 at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.Materials and Methods: All histologically diagnosed malignant childhood tumours registered with the tumour registryof our institute were retrieved from the case files. Basic epidemiological data regarding each case were collected fromthe request forms and analysed for the site of involvement, age distribution and histological types of tumour. Results:During the ten year study period a total of 922 childhood malignancies, constituting 4.3% of all malignant tumours,were seen. Haematological malignancies (lymphomas and leukaemias) were the commonest, accounting for 50.4%in males and 37.7% in females. The haematological malignancies were followed by tumours of bone (6.3%), CNS(6.3%), and eye (4.84%) in males and soft tissue tumours as 5th common in females. Skin, renal and colorectaltumours were also in the ten commonest in both sexes and so were ovarian tumours in females. Conclusions:Lymphomas and leukaemias are the main bulk of childhood cancer. Malignant tumours were twice more common inmales than females in this series.}, keywords = {Childhood cancer,Frequency,histology}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24494.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24494_faa67dcdf843cb15aef7143f53956eeb.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cytogenetic Investigation in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Study from an Indian Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {423-426}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant neoplasm of hematopoietic cells characterized by abnormalproliferation of myeloid precursors, decreased rates of self destruction and an arrest in cellular differentiation. Thebone marrow and peripheral blood accumulates all forms of mature and immature granulocytes, primarily blastcells. It is the most common type of leukemia seen in India, accounting for 30% of all leukemias. Cytogenetic analysisplays a vital and important role in the diagnosis of CML patients. The present study consists of cytogenetic evaluationof 175 CML cases from the Indian population with ages ranging from 6 – 86 years (mean of 42.8). The study populationincluded 115 males (65.72%) and 60 females (34.28%) with a Male: Female ratio 1.9:1. Out of the175 cases, 164(93.7%) were successfully karyotyped while culture failure was observed for 11 (6.3%). Among the 164 reportedcases, 53 (32.3%) showed a normal karyotype while within the 111 (67.7%) abnormal cases, 96 cases (86.5%) showedthe presence of Philadelphia (Ph’) chromosome with standard translocation t(9;22); Ph’+ve along with secondaryaberrations was detected in 9 (8.1%) cases. Variants of Ph’ chromosome were detected in only one case (0.9%). Ph’-ve CML with other chromosomal aberrations were detected in 5 (4.5%) cases, including +8, del 20q, del 11q andmarker chromosome. Furthermore, we believe that availability of more advanced molecular techniques can be usedas a supportive tool in CML diagnosis even though it cannot fully replace cytogenetics, which remains the backbonefor laboratory investigation of the disease.}, keywords = {Chronic myeloid leukemia,cytogenetics,Philadelphia chromosome,India}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24495.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24495_68d5cc49aa6f755bc47f73fe3201762f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Detection of Human Papillomavirus in Intraepithelial Lesions and Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri in Southern Thai Women}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {427-430}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of high-risk type human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in preneoplastic lesionsand invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix uteri in southern Thai women. Materials and Methods: Atotal of 148 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of cervix tissue were retrieved from the files of the Departmentof Pathology, Prince of Songkla University Hospital. They were classified as negative for intraepithelial lesion (NIL)in 37 cases, low grade lesion (LGL) in 58 cases, high grade lesion (HGL) in 39 cases and SCC in 14 cases. HR-HPVDNA was tested with an Amplicor HPV ® (Roche Diagnostics) detection kit. Results: Of the 111 cases, 42 of 58 LGLs(72.4%), 34 of 39 HGLs (87.2%) and 13 of 14 SCCs (92.9%) were positive for HR-HPV DNA. In 37 cases ofhistologically normal cervix, there were 15 cases that showed the presence of HR-HPV DNA. Applying the HR-HPVresults for NILs to the general population, the age standardized incidence rate of HR-HPV infection in the normalThai population was 12.8%. Conclusion: HR-HPV DNA can be found in all grades of intraepithelial lesions andcarcinoma of the cervix uteri, even in the histologically “normal” looking cervix. These results provide strong evidencefor a role in carcinogenesis of the cervix uteri and the existence of a non-productive or latent period of HPV infection.}, keywords = {human papillomavirus,HPV,cervical cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24496.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24496_2f00937aedd8a7e9679765df3427736e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Ultrasound Screening for Opisthorchis viverrini-associated Cholangiocarcinomas: Experience in an Endemic Area}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {431-433}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {In Thailand, liver cancer is the most common malignancy in males and the third most common among females. Inthe Northeast region, cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA) is the prevalent type, with Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), an endemicliver fluke, being considered the cause. We evaluated the role of ultrasound (U/S) for cholangiocarcinoma screeningas part of a larger cohort to characterize the linkage between liver fluke infestation and CHCA in Khon Kaen(Northeast Thailand). Most people (77%) had normal U/S findings while only 0.5% had suspected CHCA; thus, U/S should be used primarily for those with the highest risk, presenting symptoms and/or being OV positive.}, keywords = {cholangiocarcinoma,Liver cancer,Opisthorchis viverrini,ultrasound screening}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24497.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24497_3d53c88cc67d6d67a58c779fb31e3fa2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Tobacco Knowledge and Beliefs in Chinese American Men}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {434-438}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Chinese American men have relatively high smoking rates. However, there are limited data aboutthe tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of this racial/ethnic group. Methods: We conducted a communitybasedtelephone survey in Seattle, Washington during 2004. Households were identified by applying a previouslyvalidated list of Chinese last names to an electronic version of the Seattle telephone book. Interviews were completedin Cantonese, Mandarin, or English. Survey items addressed tobacco knowledge, cultural beliefs, and practices.Results: The study sample included 168 Chinese American men. Current, former, and never smoking rates were22%, 42%, and 36%, respectively. Current smokers were less likely to be proficient in English than never smokers,and were less likely to have a regular doctor than former smokers. They also had lower levels of knowledge about thehealth effects of tobacco, and were more likely to have traditional Chinese cultural beliefs about tobacco use thannon-smokers. Conclusion: Tobacco use continues to be a public health problem among Chinese American men.Smoking cessation programs should target men with limited English proficiency and those without a regular sourceof health care. Educational materials should specifically address the negative health effects of smoking. They shouldalso both acknowledge and address Chinese cultural beliefs about tobacco use.}, keywords = {tobacco use,Chinese Americans}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24498.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24498_c12a1aef6ea66689651b0a1050760d81.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Anti-Tumour Activity of Ruta Graveolens Extract}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {439-443}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {An extract of Ruta graveolens was found to be cytotoxic to Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA), Ehrlich ascitescarcinoma (EAC) and L929 cells in culture (IC100 = 16mg/ml) and also to increase the lifespan of tumour bearinganimals. The extract further decreased solid tumours developing from DLA and EAC cells when given simultaneouslywith elongation of the lifespan of tumour-bearing animals. A homeopathic preparation of Ruta graveolens (200c) wasequally effective. Neither was effective for reducing already developed tumours. The Ruta graveolens extract wasfound to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation at low concentrations. However, at higherconcentrations the extract acted as a prooxidant as inhibition of lipid peroxidation and scavenging of hydroxylradical was minimal . These data indicates that the prooxidant activity of Ruta graveolens may be responsible for thecytocidal action of the extract and its ability to produce tumour reduction.}, keywords = {Ruta graveolens,anti tumour drugs,antioxidants,prooxidants,herbal drugs}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24499.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24499_1bb8d0d840d99c542392b7a2465f8dfa.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluating Polymorphic Status of Glutathione-S-Transferase Genes in Blood and Tissue Samples of Prostate Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {444-446}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Prostate cancer is the most common urologic malignancy, involving multiple factors. There is evidence that suggeststhat detoxification enzymes and growth factors may play a role in its development . The glutathione S-transferase(GST) enzymes detoxify several carcinogens and genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1, T1, and P1 (Ile105Val) havebeen reported to be associated with prostate cancer, mainly from blood samples. As expression studies suggestdifferential expression of different genes in tissues, we hypothesize that polymorphic status may be differently expressedfor GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene in blood and tissues of prostate cancer patients and BPH controls, impactingon the development of prostate cancer. To study this, we extracted DNA from blood and tissue samples of patientsundergoing biopsy procedures or transurethral resection of prostate tissue. Genotyping for GSTM1 and T1 wasconducted by multiplex PCR and for GSTP1 by the PCR-RFLP method. Our results suggested no significantdifferences in frequency distribution of M1, T1 and P1 between blood and tissue samples of patients and controls,but in a few patients differences in polymorphic status were observed. However, they were not significant. Furthermore,we observed a significant risk of prostate cancer with null allele of GSTT1 and GSTM1 and Val allele of GSTP1,supporting our previous findings. A study with large sample size using radical prostectomy tissue now needs to beperformed to attain a specific conclusion.}, keywords = {GSTM1,GSTT1,GSTP1,Prostate Cancer,North Indian population}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24500.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24500_8e337caf33ef8fbf2eed3d952f6e356b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Specific Chromosomal Abnormalities in Patients with Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia from the Islamic Republic of Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {447-450}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cytogenetic analysis performed at diagnosis is considered to be the most valuable prognostic factor in acute nonlymphocyticleukemia (ANLL), a very heterogeneous disease. Little data exist in Iran regarding the cytogeneticcharacteristics of ANLL . Therefore, cytogenetic investigations were performed for 58 patients with various subtypesof ANLL with unstimulated short term culture and high resolution cell synchronization techniques. Among the 58evaluated patients, 45 (77.5%) showed clonal karyotypic abnormalities and the percentages of the abnormal cellswere recorded within the range of 30%-100%. Some 14 were classified as M1, 20 as M2, 19 as M3 , 3 as M4, 1 as M5and 1 as M6. The most common chromosome rearrangements were t(15;17), t( 8;21) and t(9;22). Trisomy ofchromosome 8 (+8) was the most frequent numerical alteration in 3 patients with M1, M2 and M6. The incidence ofother chromosomal defects, including -10, DMCs , -19 , 5q- , dicentric(dic), chromatid breaks, and markerchromosomes was relatively high. Similarities and dissimilarities of our study with others may be due to the role ofgenetic sensitivities as well as uneven geographic distribution in the pathogenesis of ANLL. Further prospectivestudies are warranted to precisely elucidate ethnic differences in the pathogenesis of this disease in differentpopulations.}, keywords = {Chromosome aberration,Leukemia,ANLL,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24501.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24501_4a5ddcc3790673f08e6b06f46ee087b7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Breast Cancer in Young Women: Prognostic Factors and Clinicopathological Features}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {451-454}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective:The aim of this study was to determine most significant prognostic factor for overall survival of invasiveduct operable breast cancer from clinical stage, pathological stage, epidemiological, anatomic and cellular andmolecular genetic factors. Materials and Methods: Research design was prospective cohort. Duct invasive operablebreast cancer patients who were diagnosed and treated with standard protocol since 1993, followed prospectivelyuntil November 2003 by clinical stage, pathological stage, age, tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade,mitotic index, ER,PR, c-erbB2, p53 and MIB-1, until revealed outcome (death). Prognostic factor was analyzedunivariately for overall survival with Kaplan Meier method. Difference between two survival group was analyzedwith log- rank test. Independent prognostic factor was analyzed multivariately using proportional hazard (Cox)regression. Results:With univariate analysis, significant prognostic factors for overall survival were clinical stage(p<0.001), pathological stage (p<0.001), tumor size (p<0.001), lymph node status (p<0.001) and adjuvant chemotherapy(p <0.005). Multivariately, most significant prognostic factors for survival were lymph node status (p = 0.001 ; Expβ = 7.775; 95% CI: 2.276 – 26.56) and clinical stage (p = 0.029; Exp β= 2.142; 95% CI: 1.081 – 4.244). Conclusion:Independent prognostic factors for survival are lymph node status and clinical stage.}, keywords = {Breast cancer - breast cancer &#8211,prognostic factor &#8211,survival &#8211,c-erbB2 &#8211,p53}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24502.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24502_4fc5c4b9200f254442dc286d4e869bfe.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Hepatocellular Carcinoma and its Early Detection by AFP Testing in Mongolia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {460-462}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in Mongolia. Since 1982-1986 , when HCC became themost frequent cancer among the Mongolian population, the rate has been increasing continuously. In the period2000-2005 years 35.3%of all newly registered cancer cases were liver cancers, with an incidence rate of 51.3 per100,000 population. Compared to the previous 5 year period, the rate increased by 11%. The objective here was toanalyze hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV)-related HCC cases and to evaluate the possibility of tumor marker(AFP) testing for early detection in Mongolia. Sera from a total of 513 patients with chronic liver diseases, livercirrhosis and HCC were analyzed for liver function (ALAT, ASAT) and hepatitis virus markers (HBsAg, anti-HCV).Sera from 316 patients were also examined for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. The overall incidence of HBsAg oranti-HCV were very high ( 95.3%) among all patients. Some 33.5% (66/197) of patients with HCC were positive forHBsAg and 45.2% (89/197) for anti-HCV. Moreover, 17.3% ( 34/197) of HCC patients demonstrated co-infectionwith HBV and HCV. AFP levels were elevated in 4.6% (11/238) and 29.5% (23/78) of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosispatients, respectively. In HCC cases, 84.3% (166) of patients had increased level of AFP ranging from 32ng/ml tomore than 400 ng/ml. We conclude that HBV/HCV infection is the main factor related to development of HCC inMongolia and that testing for AFP serum levels is a useful tool for early detection and diagnosis.}, keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,HBV/HCV,AFP,MongoliaHepatocellular carcinoma,Mongolia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24503.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24503_ee84cfb60f93efd9712fb040f877a230.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion with Endocervical Cone Margin Involvement after Cervical Loop Electrosurgical Excision: What Should a Clinician Do?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {463-466}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence and severity of residual lesions in women featuring highgradesquamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) histology with endocervical cone margin involvement after the loopelectrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). The medical records of women undergoing LEEP at Chiang Mai UniversityHospital between October 2004 and February 2006 were retrospectively reviewed and 74 cases were identified.Nineteen women were excluded because of loss to follow-up. The remaining 4 were referred to other hospitals and 2declined re-excision, leaving a study population of 55 women for analysis. Mean age ± SD of the patients was 48.5 ±8.9 years. Residual lesions were noted in 26 (47.3%, 95%CI= 33.7 to 61.2). Four (7.3%) had unrecognized invasivecervical carcinoma in subsequent specimens. In conclusion, approximately half of women with positive endocervicalcone margins after LEEP for HSIL histology have residual disease. Repeat diagnostic excision is recommended forevaluation of lesions and severity.}, keywords = {High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion,loop electrosurgical excision procedure,endocervical involvement,residual lesion}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24504.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24504_32fe5aaa02d5e2825f704aed11cdcc39.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Antioxidative and Modifying Effects of a Tropical Plant Azadirachta indica (Neem) on Azoxymethane-induced Preneoplastic Lesions in the Rat Colon}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {467-471}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to examine whether Neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) has short-termchemopreventive effects on endpoint preneoplastic lesions involved in rat colon carcinogenesis and might also exertantioxidative activity. Forty- two male F344 rats were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups. Groups 1 to 4were given a subcutaneous injection of azoxymethane (AOM, 20 mg/kg body weight) once a week for 2 weeks.Starting one week before the first injection of AOM, rats in groups 2 to 4 received an aqueous extract of Neem leaf(20, 100, and 250 mg/kg, respectively) by gavage 3 times per week, for 5 weeks. Rats in group 5 also were given theNeem extract by gavage feeding 3 times per week for 5 weeks, while group 6 served as untreated controls. Theexperiment was terminated 5 weeks after the start. Dietary feeding of the Neem extract at all dose levels significantlyinhibited the induction of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) (P<0.0002), when compared to the AOM-treated group (group1). In groups 2 to 4, treatment of rats with the Neem extract also significantly decreased the proliferating cell nuclearantigen (PCNA) labeling indices (P<0.0006) of colon epithelium and ACF. Moreover, the Neem extract also showedantioxidative activity. The finding that dietary Neem has possible chemopreventive effects in the present short-termcolon carcinogenesis bioassay suggests that longer-term exposure may cause suppression of tumor development.}, keywords = {neem leaf,Chemoprevention,colon carcinogenesis,preneoplastic lesions,Cell proliferation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24505.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24505_d613a0820175dd0bac7ea55a67af8d0e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of Genotoxic Potential of Chromium (VI) in Channa punctata Fish in Terms of Chromosomal Aberrations}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {472-476}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Chromium, a widely recognized carcinogenic, mutagenic and redox active metal, is released into aquaticenvironments by electroplating, tannery and textile industries. Elevated concentrations in sediments and interstitialwaters are well documented. Fishes dwelling in chromium waste infested waters are presumed to be affected by itsdeposits. To evaluate the genotoxic potential of chromium [Cr(VI)] on aquatic bio-system, bottom feeding fishes,Channa punctata, as model fish, were exposed to [Cr(VI)]. The chromosomal aberration test (CAT) was used asbiomarker of [Cr(VI)] induced toxicity. The fish were divided into three groups:Group I non-treated controls; groupII positive controls, treated with an intra-muscular injection of mitomycin-C at 1 mg/kg body wt; group III exposedto a sublethal concentration (7.689 mg/l) of [Cr(VI)], dissolved in the water. For CAT estimation, short term staticbioassays were conducted and samples were collected from the kidneys of fish after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 hrs ofexposure. The remarkable chromosomal aberrations recorded in the present investigation included chromatid breaks,chromosome breaks, chromatid deletions, fragments, acentric fragments, and ring and di-centric chromosomes,along with chromatid and chromosome gaps. A significant increase in chromosomal aberrations was observed after72 hrs of [Cr(VI)] exposure. The present study, thus reveals that even for acute exposure, [Cr(VI)] is a genotoxicagent for C. punctata.}, keywords = {Channa punctata,chromosomal aberrations,Cr(VI),fish,mitomycin-C}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24506.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24506_8f02132da10885a427d5767db492780b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Northern Thai Women with High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion on Cervical Cytology Have High Prevalence of Underlying Invasive Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {477-479}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to determine the underlying pathology of women with high grade squamous intraepitheliallesion (HSIL) on cervical cytology. A total of 681 women with HSIL cytology undergoing colposcopic examination atChiang Mai University Hospital (CMUH) between January 2000 and December 2005 were evaluated for the underlyingcervical pathology. The final pathology was diagnosed from the most severe lesions obtained by punch biopsy, loopelectrosurgical procedure, cold knife conization or hysterectomy. Underlying high grade cervical lesions includingcervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ were noted in 502 (73.7%) women. Invasivecervical carcinoma was identified in 141 (20.7%). The remaining 38 (5.6%) had either low grade or no intraepitheliallesions. No significant difference in the prevalence of underlying high grade and invasive lesions was noted betweenwomen with cytologic diagnosis of HSIL from CMUH and other hospitals. In conclusion, northern Thai women withHSIL cytology are at significant risk of having underlying severe cervical lesions, and especially invasive carcinomawhich is detected in approximately one-fifth of the cases.}, keywords = {High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion,Pap smear,cervical cytology,cervical carcinoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24507.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24507_04732f58bfc789103819901a5a8ac273.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Esophageal Cancer Patients in Northwest Iran- Very Low Incidence of Adenocarcinomas}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {480-482}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aims: Iran is one of the known countries with a high incidence of esophageal cancer in Asia .We have recentlyshown that the incidence of Barrett’s esophagus , a precancerous lesion for esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) is verylow in the north –west of the country . Therefore, we hypothesized that esophageal AC would also be lower than inthe Western world. The aim of this study was to assess the clinicopathologic characteristics of esophageal cancer incomparison the data from western populations. Methods: This mixed (prospective-retrospective) study enrolled350 consecutive patients with esophageal cancers (216 endoscopically and pathologically documented, including 134surgically proven cases) from May 2000 to May 2006, in our referral center in Tabriz, in the north –west of Iran. Welocalized the tumors in esophagus and esophago-gastric junction. Type III gastric cardial cancers were excluded.Results: The mean age of the patients was 61 ± 12.36 (min 16, max 83). The male to female ratio was almost equal(51.7% vs 48.3%). The lower third of the esophagus was involved in 62% of the patients and esophageal ACs accountedfor 18.9% of the cases. However, distinct esophageal adenocarcinomas was only seen in two and in the remaindergastric cardia was also involved. SCC was more frequent in females, and adenocarcinoma in males (x 2=8.89 , df=2, p=0.012 . Among 134 operated cases , resection was feasible in 74.6%. Conclusion: In this Iranian population , theincidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is very much lower than inWestern countries.}, keywords = {Esophageal Cancer,esophagogastric adenocarcinoma,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24508.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24508_9db2a0dcd982b7ee950dcd29b7f4e9e7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Occupation and Cancer Incidence in District Dir (NWFP), Pakistan , 2000-2004}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {483-484}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {District Dir is a part of North-West frontier Province (NWFP) in Pakistan with poor health, education andsocioeconomic and other facilities. Data regarding occupational cancer were here collected from cancer registry ofInstitute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM) Peshawar for January-2000 to December-2004 and medicalrecords of 1105 patients were traced and analyzed. It was observed that 61 % (683/1105) were males and 39%females. Farmers accounted for 43.8% of cancers, the second most effected people being housewives with 33.8%then children/students at third place with 12.8%. Cancers in laborers and other people like government employees,businessman and shopkeepers were less often found. The data from a cancer registry for a low socioeconomic regionshould be helpful for future mass screening and determintion of risk factors within the country and in Asia ingeneral region. Increased awareness by education is highly important and may play a beneficial role in diagnosis,treatment and prevention.}, keywords = {Occupation,cancer,Pakistan,low socioeconomic region}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24509.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24509_913bb45cc3d42914930e6fe741411a4c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Retinoblastoma: A Diagnostic Model for India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {485-488}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: Molecular genetic diagnostics for retinoblastoma are prerequisite for accurate risk prediction and effectivemanagement. Developing a retinoblastoma diagnostic model to establish a flow for laboratory tests is thus a necessityfor tertiary ophthalmic institutions. An efficient diagnostic model could reduce the overall health care costs, redirectthe resources to the high risk group and also avoid unnecessary worry forfamilies. To the best of our knowledge therehas hitherto been no comprehensive diagnostic model for retinoblastoma implemented in any institution in India.Methods and Discussion: The diagnostic model demonstrates the logical and practical flow of various genetics testslike karyotyping, loss of heterozygosity analysis, molecular deletion, linkage analysis (familial cases), mutationscreening of - CGA exons first and then non-CGA exons, methylation screening of RB1 and essential promoterregions screening in a laboratory. Conclusions: The diagnostic model proposed offers acomprehensive methodologyto identify the causative two-hits for retinoblastomas that could be used while genetic counseling families. Thismodel is applicable in tertiary hospitals in India and neighboring countries, which have the highest incidence ofretinoblastoma and fertility rates in the world. We suggest that this diagnostic model could also be applied withmodification for other cancers.}, keywords = {DNA Sequencing,genetic testing,loss of heterozygosity,RB1 gene,retinoblastomas}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24510.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24510_5e8db03c2e2e5061934c8fb1b2e3677d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Role of the Cancer Registries in Determining Cancer Mortality in Asia ?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {489-491}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Data on incidence, prevalence, and disease specific mortality are frequently incomplete, not very reliable or arelacking in many countries particularly in Asia and Africa. In the absence of dependable data from the Civil RegistrationSystem (CRS), many countries have developed their own Sample Registration System (SRS). Due to several socioeconomicconstraints cause is not adequately noted in the death certificates. Sample registration system practice inIndia helps in this but for correlating with cancer registry data this is not the optimal. When cancer morbidityfigures from SRS system and cancer registry are compared the SRS figures are low. Reasons for fewer cancer deathsin Municipal Corporation reports may be due to that they only look at primary cause of death and overlook thesecondary or underlying causes. There are also a number of reasons for under-registration of cancer deaths incancer registries but they nevertheless give a more accurate picture. Many registries collect follow-up informationfor survival studies, which is also helpful to improve cancer mortality data. Tumour registries also represent importantresources for rapid identification of cancer survivors for research studies.}, keywords = {Mortality data,Sample Registration System,follow-up data,Research}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24511.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24511_6b9d31b6e33f7dac5b926383e2aaece9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Anti-smoking Initiative and Decline in Incidence Rates of Lung Cancer in Viet Nam}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {492-494}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Viet Nam had the highest reported male smoking prevalence rate (72.8-74.3%) in the world in the 1990s. Productionof tobacco products was about 0.44 kg or 600 cigarettes per capita per year in 1994 for domestic use. Populationattributablerisk per cent of lung cancer due to smoking was about 69.7%. Males in the south have a lower reportedsmoking prevalence rate (OR = 0.7) and a significant lower incidence rate of lung cancer, age-standardized-incidencerateper 100,000 (ASR): 33.1 vs 24.6 when compared to males in the north. Incidence rates of lung cancer significantlydeclined in Hanoi (ASR 34.9 –33.1 and 6.3 – 5.8) and Ho Chi Minh City (ASR 24.6 – 23.7 and 6.8 – 5.6) between 1991-1997 and at the national level between 1990-2000 (ASR 30.4 – 30.1 and 6.7 – 6.6) in males and females, respectively.This decline in incidence rate of lung cancer resulted from the great achievements of the National Tobacco ControlProgram over about a 10-year period from 1989 to help people stop smoking. The present finding should stimulatefurther primary cancer prevention efforts in developing countries, including Viet Nam. It also suggests that themethod applied to translate scientific evidence of smoking harm to people and into health policy, is a useful tool todrive people’s attitude to stop smoking and remove its human carcinogens from our society.}, keywords = {Anti-smoking,lung cancer incidence,primary cancer prevention,Developing countries}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24512.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24512_0d5dd47276e5ad17e6a45a09e06de669.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Increasing Incidence of Colorectal Cancer and the Preventive Strategy in Japan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {495-501}, year = {2006}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: In Japan, the westernization of lifestyle, especially dietary habits, has progressed remarkably since1950 and is presumably directly related to the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of thisepidemiology note was to summarize the most recent trends in CRC incidence and predictions until 2020 for suggestingthe preventive strategies in Japanese. Methods: Using the newest published data in Japan, the most recent trends inCRC incidence and the predicted numbers of incident cases of CRC until 2020 were summarized. Results: Dietaryintake of milk, meat, eggs and fat/oil demonstrated remarkable increment through 1950 to 1970, and since then hasremained relatively constant. Compared with values for 1975, age-adjusted incidence rates for colon and rectalcancers were estimated to be 3.7 and 1.9 times higher among men and 2.9 and 1.3 times higher among women by1995 or 2000, respectively, and then to plateau. Considering progression of aging of the society, numbers of incidentcases for colon cancer among men and women have been predicted to increase 9.5 and 7.5 times by 2005 and 12.3 and10.5 times by 2020, respectively, from the 1975 baseline. Likewise, the figures for rectal cancer have been predictedto increase. Conclusion: The increment of CRC incidence is assumed to coincide with such changes in dietary intakeafter approximately 20-years lag. Concrete programs for lifestyle modification and more emphasis of early cancerscreening are now needed for prevention purposes.}, keywords = {Colorectal cancer &#8211,cancer incidence &#8211,cancer prevention &#8211,Westernized lifestyle &#8211,Japan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24513.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_24513_26cd52f109df39aa528bc8695bf80e1d.pdf} }