@article { author = {}, title = {Curcumin: From Food Spice to Cancer Prevention}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {963-967}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Curcumin [1, 7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1, 6 heptadiene-3, 5-dione] is an orange-yellow componentof turmeric (Curcuma longa), a spice often found in curry powder. It is known to have a variety of biologic andpharmacologic activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anticarcinogenic potential. It is a potentinhibitor of cytochrome P450 with capacity to simultaneously induce detoxifying enzymes such as glutathioneS-transferase and as such may find application as a chemopreventive agent. Curcumin is a potent inhibitor ofcyclooxygenase-2, lipooxygenase, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), nuclear factor-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinaseand protein kinase C and has also been demonstrated to play a vital role against pathological conditions such ascancer, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases.}, keywords = {curcumin,Antioxidant,Anticancer,anti-inflammatory,cancer chemoprevention}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25042.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25042_c68f85366664ca2437e9390aa59a90ac.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cervical Cancer and HPV Vaccines in Developing Countries}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {969-974}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the world. Despite a decline of up to70% in its incidence and prevalence through screening programs, it is still the most common gynecologicalcancer worldwide. Since the human papilloma virus (HPV) was conclusively identified as the etiological factorinducing cervical cancer, investigations during the last two decades have been concentrating on producing avaccine against HPV virus. Thus prevention of HPV infection has been the main purpose and vaccination isexpected to reduce up to 70% of related cervical cancer and prevent precancerous and cancerous lesions of thegenitalia. However, screening programs are still essential for those who have already been exposed to the highrisk forms of the virus and educational and information programs continue to play important roles to increasethe success rate of screening, by whichever of the modalities is most appropriate for the local conditions.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,Vaccination,HPV,Screening,Prevention}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25043.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25043_e4ad59b9de85291225e290069014a43f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Toxicology of Engineered Nanomaterials - A Review of Carcinogenic Potential}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {975-980}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Nanotechnology has considerable socioeconomic potential. Benefits afforded by engineered nanoparticles(NP: defined as being less than 100 nm in diameter) are expected to be significant in fields such as plastics,energy, electronics, aerospace and medicine. However, NPs are being introduced into the market without adequateassessment of their potential toxicities. It is urgently important to conduct risk assessment of commercial NPsand establish a framework enabling risk management which is not subordinate to their commercial production.An overview of currently available carcinogenicity risk evaluation results of NP materials raises serious questionsas to their safety. NP sized titanium dioxide (nTiO2) and carbon black (nCB) are carcinogenic to the lung offemale rats, and the tumors preferentially include squamous cell morphology. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) inducemesotheliomas when applied intraperitoneally in rats and mice. Data for Fullerenes are insufficient to evaluatecarcinogenic risk. Sub-chronic toxicity data indicate that, in general, NPs form aggregates and agglomeratesand cause foreign body reactions at their applied sites with inflammatory cell, including macrophage, infiltration.These findings are similar to the biological effects of asbestos, a potent carcinogen, and indicate that carefulassessment of NPs is indispensable.}, keywords = {Nanoparticles,toxicology,carcinogenicity,Titanium dioxide,carbon black}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25044.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25044_417dbf59e466a87d1f22ba76fd402f96.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Diverse Influences of Dietary Factors on Cancer in Asia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {981-986}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The major environmental risk factors for cancer are carcinogen and co-carcinogen exposure in tobacco,insufficient exercise and above all an unhealthy diet. What we eat or do not eat is exceedingly important indetermining what cancers or other chronic disease we may suffer from. Carcinogens may be integral contaminantsof the diet, like nitrosamines in some situations and aflatoxins, or may be generated by cooking processes, as isknown to be the case for heterocyclic amine pyrolysis products. Examples of co-carcinogenic agents may includegrit in bread products, salt in pickles or betel in chewing quids. Dietary insufficiencies, for example of zinc, mayalso act to increase sensitivity to genetic damage, for example. Influence on metabolism of carcinogens, likeinduction of phase II enzymes like glutathione S transferases, further directly impacts on carcinogenicity.Antioxidants in fruits and vegetables are typical examples of protective agents acting in this way. In addition wehave dietary fibre which can decrease carcinogen exposure through accelerating passage of faeces through thegut. Other types of fibre, the soluble forms, can act to decrease uptake of glucose and thus suppress insulinexposure, an important factor for colon cancer. Natural anti-inflammatory agents like N-3 fatty acids in fishoffer another example of preventive factors in the diet. Individual dietary components, like isoflavones in soyproducts, can interfere with hormone function to exert a beneficial action, as on the breast. Other compoundsmay act via stimulation of the immune system like lactoferrin and betaglucans. Perhaps the most importantinfluence of diet on cancer, however, in a world of increasing comfort and ease of access to foodstuffs, is throughover-eating and consequent obesity. Given the importance of diet to all our lives, we need to focus on all possibleinteractive effects in providing an evidence base to guide our choices regarding what we should eat in Asia.}, keywords = {Cancer development,dietary factors,constituents,contaminants}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25045.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25045_6ccc76a1be32def8aa58f8899564b07f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Chronic Disease Prevention Research in Central Asia, the Urals, Siberia and Mongolia - Past, Present and Future}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {987-996}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Central Asia, the Urals, Siberia and Mongolia cover an immense section of Asia and although relativelysparsely populated the total inhabitants number well in excess of 100 million. Furthermore, there is an increasingtendency for urbanization of the populations, which in many cases are growing. The ethnic make-up is diverse,with various degrees of admixture of Russians to the Turkish, Mongolian and other indigenous peoples of theregion, and there is evidence of major variation in the burden of different cancers among the groups, althoughoesophageal and gastric neoplasias are relatively prevalent in common. Clearly there is a need for cooperationfor cancer and other chronic disease prevention and the presence of Russian as a shared language of science,commerce and industry means that there should be no major communication difficulties. However, collaborativeefforts at present are limited and the research output is low, even in the non-English literature. Here we focuson published work from the individual countries, as assessed by PubMed searches using the country name withcancer, cardiovascular, metabolic syndrome and diabetes as search terms, with an especial focus on epidemiology,environmental carcinogenicity and screening. One major aim is to identify active groups with an interest inparticipation in a regional meeting and collaborative research, so that a coordinated approach to grantingagencies can be made to fund such a collective endeavour.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25046.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25046_8ad6996e201b7a2527a10843d907a71c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Hepatitis B Testing and Vaccination in Immigrants Attending English as a Second Language Classes in British Columbia, Canada}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {997-1002}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a growing health issue in Canada, especially given that populationgrowth is now largely the result of immigration. Immigrants from countries with high HBV prevalence and lowlevels of HBV vaccination have an excess risk of liver disease and there is a need for increased diligence in HBVblood testing and possibly vaccination among these populations. Objective: This study describes thesociodemographic characteristics associated with a history of HBV testing and HBV vaccination in immigrantsfrom several countries with high HBV prevalence who are attending English classes. Methods: 759 adultimmigrants attending English as a Second Language classes completed a self-administered questionnaire askingabout sociodemographic characteristics and history of HBV testing and HBV vaccination. Descriptive statisticsand adjusted ORs were calculated to explore these associations. Results: 71% reported prior HBV testing, 8%reported vaccination without testing, and 21% reported neither testing nor vaccination. Age, education andcountry of birth all showed significant effects for both testing and vaccination. Conclusions: Health carepractitioners need to be cognizant of HBV testing, and possibly vaccination, in some of their patients, includingimmigrants from countries with endemic HBV infection. Infected persons need to be identified by blood testingin order receive necessary care to prevent or delay the onset of liver disease as well as to adopt appropriatebehaviours to reduce the risk of transmission to others. Close contacts of infected persons also require HBVtesting and subsequent vaccination (if not infected) or medical management (if infected).}, keywords = {Hepatitis B,Diagnosis,primary prevention,Immigrants}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25047.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25047_664b4417715a495a4270e624542dcf90.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Impact of Nutritional Status on the Quality of Life of Advanced Cancer Patients in Hospice Home Care}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1003-1010}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Cancer patients frequently experience malnutrition and this is an important factor in impairedquality of life. Objective: This cross-sectional study examined the association between global quality of life andits various subscales with nutritional status among 61 (33 females and 28 males) advanced cancer patients caredfor by selected hospices in peninsular Malaysia. Methods: The Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA) and the Hospice Quality of Life Index (HQLI) were used to assess nutritional status and quality oflife, respectively. Results: Nine (14.7%) patients were well-nourished, 32 (52.5%) were moderately or suspectedof being malnourished while 20 (32.8%) of them were severely malnourished. The total HQLI mean score forthese patients was 189.9±51.7, with possible scores ranging from 0 to 280. The most problem areas in thesepatients were in the domain of functional well-being and the least problems were found in the social/spiritualdomain. PG-SGA scores significantly correlated with total quality of life scores (r2= 0.38, p<0.05),psychophysiological well-being (r2= 0.37, p<0.05), functional well-being (r2= 0.42, p<0.05) and social/ spiritualwell-being (r2= 0.07, p<0.05). Thus, patients with a higher PG-SGA score or poorer nutritional status exhibiteda lower quality of life. Conclusion: Advanced cancer patients with poor nutritional status have a diminishedquality of life. These findings suggest that there is a need for a comprehensive nutritional intervention forimproving nutritional status and quality of life in terminally ill cancer patients under hospice care.}, keywords = {Hospice - advanced cancer patients &#8211,nutritional status - quality of life}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25048.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25048_f3f6f912f8bfddbc2319e7465e9543d8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma: the Significance of Expression in Neoplastic Cells within the Lymphovascular Space}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1011-1014}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity is related to the development and progression of cervicalcancer. Previous studies have shown that COX-2 expression in early stage (stage IB-IIA) cervical squamous cellcarcinoma is associated with lymph node metastasis in tumors with lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), andthat COX-2 expression may facilitate lymph node metastasis after LVSI occurs. In this study, we evaluatedwhether COX-2 expression of neoplastic cells within lymphovascular spaces (tumor emboli) would provideadditional prognostic information. Methods: Immunohistochemical stained slides for COX-2 on 150 cases ofstage IB-IIA cervical squamous cell carcinoma with LVSI were evaluated for expression of COX-2 in tumoremboli. Results were correlated with overall COX-2 expression of tumor and clinicopathologic features usingstatistical analysis. Results: Expression of COX-2 was detected in 49.3% of cases. Expression of COX-2 intumor emboli (LV-COX-2 expression) was identified in 61 cases (40.7%). LV-COX-2 expression was associatedwith high LVSI count (p<0.001) and had a marginal association with tumor COX-2 expression (p=0.050) andlymph node metastasis (p=0.063). In tumors showing high LVSI count, LV-COX-2 expression was an independentpredictor for lymph node metastasis (p=0.038, 95% CI=1.030-2.725) whereas tumor COX-2 expression (p=0.550)was not. Conclusion: Evaluation of COX-2 expression in tumor emboli may provide additional prognostic valuefor lymph node metastasis in cervical squamous cell carcinomas with a high LVSI count.}, keywords = {Cervical squamous cell carcinoma,COX-2,Prognosis,lymphovascular space invasion,tumor emboli}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25049.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25049_042f5c3554e83583a51dc2bf9963926e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre: A Case-Control Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1015-1020}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: In Malaysia, prostate cancer is ranked 6th among male cancer and expected to increase in thefuture. Several factors have shown to be related to prostate cancer such as sociodemographic, lifestyle, diet,occupational exposure, medical and health status. This is the first time a similar study was conducted in Malaysiato recognize the risk factors for prostate cancer patients who came for treatment at Universiti KebangsaanMalaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Methods: Prostate cancer cases diagnosed between 2003 and 2008 whichmet with the inclusion criteria were included in the study. One hundred and twelfth (112) pairs of cases andcontrols matched by age and ethnicity were analysed. McNemar Odds Ratios (ORM) were calculated usingMcNemar Calculator software for univariate analysis while conditional logistic regression was used formultivariate analysis, both using SPSS version 12.0. Results: Most of the prostate cancer patients (68.8%) thatcame for treatment in UKMMC were above 70 years old. The majority were Chinese (50.0%) followed byMalay (46.4%) and Indian (3.6%). Multivariate analysis showed cases were more likely to have a first-degreerelative with a history of cancer (OR= 3.77, 95% CI= 1.19-11.85), to have been exposed to pesticides (OR= 5.57,95% CI= 1.75-17.78) and consumed more meat (OR= 12.23, 95% CI= 3.89-39.01). Significantly reduced risks ofprostate cancer were noted among those consuming more vegetables (OR= 0.12, 95% CI= 0.02-0.84), moretomatoes (OR= 0.35, 95% CI= 0.13-0.93) and those who had frequent sexual intercourse (OR= 0.44, 95% CI=0.19-0.96). Conclusion: Some lifestyle and occupation factors are strong predictors of the occurrence of prostatecancer among patients in UKMMC. More importantly, with the identification of the potentially modifiable riskfactors, proper public health intervention can be improved.}, keywords = {Prostate Cancer,Case-control study,risk factors,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25050.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25050_4875e2070f62a75eab00dc3fcf1621a9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Serum Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor: a Tumor Marker in Colorectal Carcinoma?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1021-1024}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background/Aims: Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growthfactor, 23 kDA molecular weight with a glycoprotein nature, which is also an immune modulator. The levels ofGM-CSF and its role in the pathophysiology of several cancers such as ovarian, breast have been investigated.The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of GM-CSF and carcinoembryogenic antigen levels inpredicting survival. Methodology: Plasma levels of GM-CSF were measured in 51 patients with previouslyuntreated colorectal cancer patients and 21 healthy adults as normal controls. The clinicopathological featuresof colorectal carcinoma were determined at the time of blood collection. Patient staging were done according totumor-node-metastasis (TNM) by American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC). Results: Plasma concentrationsof GM-CSF in colorectal cancer patients (42.0 pg/ml) were statistically significant higher than normal controls(23.2 pg/ml) (p=0,001). Statistically significant correlation was not determined between pretreatment GM-CSFlevels and overall survival. On the other hand, stage of disease, carcinoembryogenic antigen and peripheralleukocyte counts were not correlated with GM-CSF levels. Conclusions: This is the first report in which serumlevels of GM-CSF, carcinoembriyogenic and peripheral leukocyte counts have been simultaneously evaluatedin colorectal cancer patients. We found significantly elevated GM-CSF but the results suggested that serumGM-CSF may not be useful for clinical information in prognosis as a tumor marker in colorectal cancer.}, keywords = {GM-CSF,colorectal cancer,Tumor marker}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25051.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25051_3711ed71e5df72098cc2e440610cc905.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Changing Trends in Incidence of Ovarian Cancer - the Indian Scenario}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1025-1030}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Ovarian cancer has emerged as one of the most common malignancies affecting women in India. The presentcommunication reports the trends in the incidence rate of ovarian cancer for Indian women. The data publishedin Cancer Incidence in Five Continents for various Indian registries for different periods and / or publication bythe individual registries served as the source material. Mean annual percentage change (MAPC) in rates wascomputed using relative differences between two time periods. During the period 2001-06, the age-standardizedincidence rates (ASR) for ovarian cancer varied from 0.9 to 8.4 per 100,000 person years amongst variousregistries. The highest incidence was noted in Pune &Delhi registries. The Age Specific Incidence Rate (ASIR)for ovarian cancer revealed that the disease increases from 35 years of age and reaches a peak between the ages55-64. The trend analysis by period showed an increasing trend in the incidence rate of ovarian cancer in mostof the registries, with a mean annual percentage increase in ASR ranged from 0.7% to 2.4 %. Analysis of databy ASIR revealed that the mean annual percentage increase was higher for women in the middle and older agegroups in most of the registries. Estimation of annual percent change (EAPC) in ovarian cancer by Poissonregression model through Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) for the data of 3 population-based cancerregistries vs. Mumbai, Chennai and Bangalore for the period 1983-2002 revealed that linear regression wasfound to be satisfactory fit between period and incidence rate. Statistically significant increase in EAPC wasnoted with the crude rate (CR,) ASR, and ASIR for several age-groups. Efforts should be made to detect ovariancancer at an early stage by educating population about the risk factors. Most of the ovarian cancers areenvironmental in origin and consequently, at least in principle avoidable.}, keywords = {Ovarian Cancer,time trend,Indian scenario,calendar years}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25052.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25052_d650645da35fa29ff31e021c61408893.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Punarnavine Induces Apoptosis in B16F-10 Melanoma Cells by Inhibiting NF-kB Signaling}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1031-1032}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Punarnavine, an alkaloid isolated from Boerhaaviadiffusa, on apoptosis in B16F-10 melanoma cells. Treatment of B16F-10 melanoma cells with nontoxicconcentrations of Punarnvine resulted in the presence of apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation in a dosedependent manner. Cell cycle analysis and TUNEL assays also confirmed the observation. The apoptotic genesp53 and caspase-3 were found upregulated in Punarnavine treated cells, whereas the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2was downregulated. The inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65, NF-κBp50, NF-κB-c-Rel, c-Fos, ATF-2and CREB-1 in Punarnavine treated B16 F-10 cells pointed to suppression of NF-κB signaling by Punarnavine.All these results demonstrate that Punarnavine induces apoptosis via activation of p53 induced caspase-3 mediatedpro-apoptotic signaling and suppression of NF-κB induced Bcl-2 mediated survival signaling.}, keywords = {Punarnavine,apoptosis induction,B16F-10 melanoma cells,NF-κB inhibition}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25053.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25053_3ac04b71f674c365174f67511fc41e55.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Overview of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients in Pakistan in the Pre-Imatanib Era}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1039-1040}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: To study the patient characteristics of patients diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML) at a tertiary care cancer hospital in Pakistan. Methods and Materials: A retrospective analysis wasconducted on CML patients treated between 1996 and 2004 at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital &Research Center. Results: A total of 461 CML patient charts were reviewed. The mean and median ages atpresentation were much younger than in the prior reports in the western literature with a quicker progressionof disease. Conclusion: The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors will likely have more impact on the lifespan ofCML patients in Pakistan when compared with patients in the western hemisphere due to younger age at diagnosis.}, keywords = {chronic myelogenous leukemia,imatinib,young patients}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25054.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25054_74919e0221e3ab5bab3dec674e2ad92c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinical Outcome of the Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Compared to other Epithelial Ovarian Cancers when Treated with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1041-1045}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) has an aggressive histology. Our aim was to evaluate the progressionfree survival (PFS) of OCCC patients compared to other epithelial histology patients when treated with surgeryfollowed by carboplatin and paclitaxel (PT) regimen. The medical records of them who treated with PT regimenat Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 2004 and December 2008 were reviewed. 67 ovarian clearcell patients were compared to 121 non-clear cell ovarian cancer patients. The mean age of OCCC patients wasyounger than that of the non-clear cell group (46.7 vs. 51.2 years old, P=0.001). OCCC patients presented inearly stage more often than the non-clear cell group (76.1% vs. 38.0%, P=0.001). The surgical procedures inboth groups were not significantly different. The complete response rates of OCCC patients and other epithelialhistology patients were 65.7% and 55.3%, respectively (P=0.01). With a mean follow-up time of 25 months, the3-year PFS rates of OCCC and non-clear cell patients in early stages were not significantly different (65.4% vs.64.2%, P=0.45). However, in the advanced stage, the 1-year PFS rate of OCCC patients was significantly lowerthan that of non clear cell patients (6.3% vs. 49.6%, P=0.001). In conclusion, patients were commonly youngerand presented in earlier stages than non-clear cell ovarian cancer patients. In early stages, clear cell ovariancancer patients had similar outcomes to other epithelial ovarian histology patients, whereas the outcome wasvery poor in advanced stages.}, keywords = {Ovarian Cancer,clear cell carcinoma,clinical outcomes,survival}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25055.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25055_a54d3a68de17d2723788e105a865007b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Women ユ s Awareness, Knowledge and Perceived Magnitude Regarding Common Female Cancers in Yangon, Myanmar}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1047-1050}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Early detection and diagnosis can greatly increases the chances for successful treatment particularly relevantfor common female cancers like cancer breast and cervix. Increased awareness of the possible warning signs ofthese cancers among general public is a necessity. A community-based, cross-sectional study was conductedwith the objectives of assessing the women’s awareness and knowledge on common female cancers and estimatingthe perceived magnitude and survival of these cancers. A total of 400 women were interviewed using a pretested,structured questionnaire. Mean age of women was 48.4 years and majority were married, dependent andprimary school passed. Almost all (99.3%) were aware of breast cancer and only (69.5%) were aware of cervicalcancer. Breast lump was considered as a condition that will later develop into cancer by (38.8%) and (41.5%)mentioned that it was painless in early stage. Abnormal bleeding per vagina and white discharge were mentionedas main symptoms of cervical cancer (76.3%, 63.3%). Regarding the risk of cervical cancer, female hygiene wasindicated by (88.5%) and number of sexual partners by (77.0%). Almost all of them said that both diseases canbe cured at early stage. Cancer breast, uterus and cervix were mentioned as the most common female cancersaccording to their perceived magnitude. Although cervical and breast cancer were perceived as common femalecancers, health education activities regarding risk factors and early warning signs of these cancer still need tobe promoted.}, keywords = {knowledge-perceived magnitude-common female cancers-Myanmar women}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25056.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25056_57e40d75b06a1ebba49bed4ed9e55733.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Vinorelbine in Combination with Carboplatin followed by Single-agent Consolidation Therapy for Unresectable Localized or Metastatic Non-small-cell Lung Carcinomas}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1051-1055}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Adding more than four cycles of the combination regimen increase toxicities. The availabilityof an intravenous (i.v.) and oral form of vinorelbine appeared as a particularly convenient way to provide aconsolidation treatment to patients who have achieved an objective response or stable disease. Patients andmethods: This study was retrospectively designed to investigate the efficacy in terms of response and safety ofi.v. vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 on day 1 and oral vinorelbine 60 mg/m2 on day 8 given with carboplatin area underthe curve (AUC) 5 once every 3 weeks (q3w) for four cycles followed by consolidation therapy with single-agentvinorelbine in non-progressive patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Results: Seventytwopatients enrolled into the study from October 2006 to July 2009 received the combination regimen. Thirtysevenpatients (51.3%) also received the subsequent consolidation treatment. Partial tumor responses wereobtained in 25 patients (34.7%) of 72 evaluable patients. Stable disease was observed in 26 (36.1%) of patients.The median progression free-survival was 4 months (95% CI 3.1-4.8). The median overall survival time was 10months (95% CI 8.2-11.7) and the 1 year survival was 38.1%. The main toxicities recorded were hematological.Grade 3-4 neutropenia were observed in 17 patients (23.6%). Only two patients experienced grade three febrileneutropenia in the induction period, and there was no occurrence of febril neutropenia in the consolidationperiod. Nausea and vomiting were the major non-hematological toxicities reported. Toxicities occurred primarilyduring the initial combination phase of the chemotherapy. Conclusions: Despite the low dose of vinorelbine(25mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and only 60 mg/m2 oral on day 8, every 3 weeks) achieved during the study, the responserate of 34.7%, the disease control of 70.8% and the 10 months median overall survival with tolerable toxicityprofile, confirmed that this combination, offers an active and safe regimen for patients with advanced NSCLC}, keywords = {Non-small-cell-lung cancer,vinorelbine,Carboplatin,Consolidation,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25057.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25057_d52c290f8cb20ba91e12fbfbe8447ef0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {XRCC1399 and hOGG1326 Polymorphisms and Frequencies of Micronuclei, Comet and Chromosomal Aberrations among Tobacco Chewers: A South Indian Population Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1057-1062}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {DNA repair plays a critical role in protecting the genome of the cell from the insults of cancer-causing agentssuch as those found in tobacco. Reduced DNA repair capacity may constitute a significant risk factor for cancers.Recently, a number of polymorphisms in several DNA repair genes have been discovered, these polymorphismsmay affect DNA repair capacity and thus modulate cancer susceptibility in exposed populations. In the presentstudy, we explored the relationship between polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene XRCC1399 and hOGG1326genotypes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) and risk ofcancer development. 156 smokeless tobacco users and 70 controls without significant exposure to mutagenswere recruited. Questionnaires were completed to obtain detailed occupational, smoking, and medical histories.A standard micronucleus assay, comet assay and chromosomal aberration assays were used as a marker ofgenetic damage. There were significant differences in the micronucleus (MN), Comet scores and chromosomalaberrations (CA) between smokeless tobacco users and control subjects by Student’s t-test (P<0.05). Thesefindings provide evidence for the view that polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may modify individualsusceptibility to tobacco related cancers and justify additional studies to investigate their potential role indevelopment of cancer.}, keywords = {genotoxicity,micronucleus and comet assays,RFLP,karyotyping,DNA repair enzymes}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25058.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25058_907aa1125d379ee647b5214939499c51.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Screening of N-ras Gene Mutations in Urothelial Cell Carcinomas of the Urinary Bladder in the Kashmiri Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1063-1066}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of specific-point mutations inN-ras of the RAS gene family in a group of Kashmiri patients with bladder cancer and to observe any associationwith clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Paired tumor and normal tissue specimens of 55 consecutivepatients with urothelial cell carcinoma were screened and DNA was extracted for detection of N-ras activatingmutations in exons 1 and 2. In addition, blood was also collected from all the cases to rule out any germ linemutation. Results: Specific point mutations of activated N-ras were detected in 9% (5 of 55) of the bladdercancer patients, all being missense. The base substitutions identified included three transversions (two G toTand one A to T) and two transitions ( A-G). Sixty % of the mutations were detected in codon 61 and 40% incodon 12. No significant correlations were found between the mutations and clinical features. Conclusion:Although N-ras gene mutation might be one of the mechanisms underlying oncogenesis of urothelial cancer, itseems to be a relatively rare event in Kasmiris, pointing to involvement of different etiological factors in theinduction of bladder tumor in this population}, keywords = {Urothelial cell cancer,N-ras,missense mutations,transversions}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25059.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25059_20a245a5100a3192eb2b720960bd95ea.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, HER2/neu, P53 and Ki-67 status of Male Breast Carcinomas in Pakistan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1067-1070}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of present study was to assess the status of estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER2/neu, p53 and ki-67 in male breast carcinomas in our institute. Study Design: A descriptive study, carried out inthe Department of Pathology (Histopathology), Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from June 2008 toJanuary 2009. Subjects and Methods: In this study 45 cases of male breast carcinoma, including all thehistological subtypes were assessed with original pathology reports of each case investigated for the age, lateralityof breast, histological type of tumour and tumour grade. Tumour blocks of each case were retrieved forimmunohistochemical staining of estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2/neu, ki-67 and p53 scoringwas accomplished using established protocols. Results: The majority of the cases were above 65 years of age.Histologically, the invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant lesion. In total 95.5% of the cases wereestrogen and progesterone (ER and PR) receptor positive. The HER2/neu staining was positive in 84.4% cases.According to the percentage of nuclear staining, 77.7% of the cases were p53 positive and 35.6% of the caseshad strong nuclear staining intensity. A total of 55.5% of the tumours showed proliferation by ki-67. Conclusion:The majority of male breast carcinomas in Pakistan are ER and PR positive and demonstrate immunoreactionsfor prognostic markers. The results point to a relatively aggressive nature of such lesions in our institute.}, keywords = {Male breast carcinoma,estrogen/progesterone receptors,Her2/neu,p53,Ki-67,prognostic markers}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25060.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25060_51d6aa7d1d5a07ea78b81b0fd78b7d70.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Neoplasia/dysplasia Surveillance of Oral Lichen Planus in Malaysia: a Preliminary Study using Topography Maps}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1071-1074}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Conventional methods for writing case notes detailing the progress of oral lichen planus (OLP),a precancerous condition that requires long-term surveillance, is both time-consuming and tedious for the busyclinician. Objectives: To design and perform a simple surveillance on OLP patients based on colour-codedtopography mouth maps (TMM). Materials and methods: Three colour-coded TMM were employed: red forOLP in high risk oral mucosal sites, yellow for cases showing improvement and green for asymptomatic lesionsat each recall visit. In this preliminary study, these were applied on 30 histologically confirmed OLP individualsattending the Oral Medicine Clinic at the Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine & Periodontology,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. The sites and extent of OLP lesions were charted on either red,yellow or green TMM based on defined criteria. This surveillance evaluated OLP in relation to patient’s age,race, gender, underlying systemic conditions, oral habits, initial onset of OLP, oral manifestations and presence/absence of clinically suspicious areas. Results: Study sample comprised 4 (13.3%) Malays, 9 (30.0%) Chineseand 17 (56.7%) Indians. Most OLP patients belong to the green TMM (n=14, 46.6%) group followed by red(n=11, 36.7%) and yellow (n=5, 16.7%) groups. Of the 11 cases with red TMM, rebiopsy was performed on 4cases but no dysplasia was detected. Any local confounding factors namely periodontal disease or faulty dentalrestorations were managed accordingly. Conclusions: TMM is simple to use and aided the clinicians in terms oftime saving and patient management. Hence, follow-up of OLP patients can be carried out more efficiently andappropriately. TMM can be used for surveillance of other oral precancerous lesions and conditions.}, keywords = {Oral lichen planus - precancerous lesions &#8211,dysplasia - surveillance}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25061.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25061_77d1e6f44d2adec9fc85e1d85909c94a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Eight Year Survival among Breast Cancer Malaysian Women from University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1075-1078}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Survival after diagnosis of cancer is one of the major outcome measurements and a key criterion for assessingquality of cancer control related to both the preventive and the therapeutic level. The purpose of this study wasto determine the 8-year survival time in Malaysia based on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Aretrospective study of 472 Malaysian women with breast cancer from the Medical Record Department at UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) was therefore performed with survival analysis carried outusing the Kaplan-Meier with log-rank test for univariate analysis and Cox-regression for multivariate analysis.Women who had cancer or family history of cancer had a longer 8-year survival time (p = 0.008) compared withothers who did not have such a history. Tamoxifen use, positive oestrogen receptor status, and race were prognosticindicators for 8-year survival time (p = 0.036, p = 0.018, p = 0.053, respectively) in univariate analysis. Multivariateanalysis showed that being Malays and having no family history of cancer were independent prognostic factorsfor shorter survival time (p = 0.008, p = 0.012, respectively). In conclusion, being Chinese and having a familyhistory of cancer are predictors of longer survival among the Malaysian breast cancer women.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Survival time,Women,UKM Medical Centre,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25062.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25062_d05fbad26b35908fc14c60400025391b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Breast Carcinoma in Young Women Aged 30 or Less in Northern Pakistan - the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Experience}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1079-1082}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The study was carried out to document the occurrence of early onset breast cancer in our populationand to assess prognostic variables. Methods: Records of a total of 1,644 female patients diagnosed with breastcarcinoma during the last four years (Jan 2005 - Dec 2008) at the Histopathology Department, Armed ForcesInstitute of Pathology (AFIP) were retrieved from the AFIP tumour registry. All cases of breast carcinomadiagnosed in young females, 30 years of age or less, were selected and assessed for the type of specimen, tumourtype, size and grade, presence or absence of lymph node metastasis, number of lymph nodes recovered andnumber of lymph nodes involved. Data were entered into SPSS version 11 to calculate mean, median, mode andstandard deviation for quantitative variables and frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables. Results:The mean age was 28±2.7 years and the mean tumour size was 3.7±2.9 cm. Most frequent age group was 26-30years (78.6%). The most common histological tumour type was invasive ductal carcinoma (88.7%), followed byinvasive lobular carcinoma (5.4%). Seven out of 168 (4.2%) tumours were less than 2 cm in size, 69(41.1%) werebetween 2-5 cm and 39 (23.2%) were greater than 5 cm. Grade 2 (57.1%), followed by grade 3 (29.8%) were themost frequent. Out of 68 cases in which lymph nodes were included, lymph node metastasis was seen in 55(80.8%).Conclusion: Breast cancer is much commoner in young women in Pakistan as compared to the rest of the world.It is important to keep this in mind when evaluating even very young females with breast lumps.}, keywords = {Breast carcinoma,young females,histopathology,tumour characteristics,Pakistan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25063.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25063_8debbc87b678eba29665ba11a8f8bdd2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cancer Patients - Analysis of Influencing Factors in Turkey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1083-1087}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: This cross-sectional and descriptive study analysed complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) practices of patients with cancer diagnoses and influencing factors. Methods: The subjects consisted of55 cancer patients hospitalized in Çanakkale State Hospital between November 2008 and March 2009 and whowere willing to participate in the study. Research data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristicsform regarding CAM practices of cancer patients and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (total points 20, rising withthe degree of hopelessness). Written consent from the head physician of Çanakkale State Hospital and verbalconsents of the patients were obtained in order for the research to be performed. The data were analysed usignthe SPSS 13.0 program (numbers and percentages, chi-squared and Mann Whitney U tests). Findings: Of thepatients ( 49.1%, female and 50.9% male) 78.2% had been living with a cancer diagnosis for more than twoyears. Of the 23.6% of patients with breast cancer and 21.8% with lung cancer, 87.2% uses CAM (72.7%received alternative treatment and 65.5% complementary treatment). Alternative treatments apply herbaltreatments concomitantly such as honey, garlic; balsam apple, iscum album, tar oil and 29.1% of them only usestinging nettle. As a complementary treatment; 60% of patients pray for healing and 16.4% of them havemassage regularly. Patients explained that they were using the alternative medicine in order to mitigate effectsof the disease, to prevent its recurrence, to increase blood values, to feel psychologically relieved; and they wereusing complementary medicine just to feel psychologically relieved. Of 60% patients chose not to share theirCAM practice with doctors and nurses. 36.4% of them use CAM on friend advice, 20% under media influence,36.4% on their own initiative and 21.8% under family influence. The satisfaction from CAM is 61.1%. The rateof those who find alternative medicine expensive is 21.8%. There is statistically no correlation between CAMpractice and age, gender, marital status, location they live for a long time, education and financial status ofpatients (p>0.05). The average of total hopelessness score of patients is 8.09 ± 2.59, there is no statisticallymeaningful correlation between hopelessness score average of patients who use CAM and who do not use (p>0.05).Conclusion: The cancer patients in the study who live in Çanakkale province and in its districts use CAM. CAMpractice does not vary by selected sociodemographic characteristics and the hope level. It is important that thehealth care professionals (nurse, doctor, etc.) should be conscious of CAM-drug interactions and notify thepatients about the risk.}, keywords = {Complementary and alternative treatment,cancer patients,Influencing Factors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25064.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25064_b3a74d925499d7071dacaaae0dc1db58.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Anti-tumor Activity of Phyllanthus niruri (a Medicinal Plant) on Chemical-induced Skin Carcinogenesis in Mice}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1089-1090}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Chemoprevention is an important strategy to control the process of carcinogenesis. The potential of usingmedicinal herbs as cancer chemopreventive nutraceuticals and functional food is promising. Thus, there is aneed for exploring drugs/agents which act as chemopreventive agents. Phyllanthus niruri is a well known medicinalplant which has been used in Ayurvedic medicine as hepatoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, analgesic,antispasmodic and antidiabetic. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of ahydro-alcoholic extract of the whole plant, in 7-9 week old male Swiss albino mice, on the two stage process ofskin carcinogenesis induced by a single topical application of 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a)anthracene (100μg/100μlacetone) and two weeks later promoted by repeated application of croton oil (1% in acetone/three times a week)till the end of experiment (16 weeks). The oral administration of P. niruri at a dose of 1000 mg/kg/b.wt. at peri-(i.e. 7 days before & 7 days after DMBA application) and post- (i.e. starting from the croton oil application)initiational phase of papillomagenesis caused significant reduction in tumor incidence, tumor yield, tumor burdenand cumulative number of papillomas as compared to carcinogen-treated controls. Furthermore, the averagelatent period was significantly increased in the PNE treated group. The results thus suggest that P. niruri extractexhibits significant anti-tumor activity, which supports the traditional medicinal utilization of this plant.}, keywords = {Phyllanthus niruri,DMBA skin carcinogenesis,tumor incidence/burden,average latent period}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25065.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25065_6f7964d6f8ababed6afcbb6f76650234.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Screening and Perceived Severity of Cervical Cancer among Women Attending Mahalapye District Hospital, Botswana}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1095-1100}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: The objectives of the study were to describe women’s perceived severity to cervical cancer andits associations with socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by aquestionnaire survey with a total of 300 participants selected by convenience sampling techniques. Results: Theparticipants’ mean age was 37years (SD=11) and the cervical cancer screening rate was 39%. Most of the womenwere sure about the severity of cancer as they responded mostly agreeing or strongly agreeing with statementsabout severity of cervical cancer. The range of average responses was 2.58 to 3.56. When the ever screened andthe never screened for cervical cancer was compared, it was observed that both groups equally believed thatthere is effective treatment for cervical cancer, and that cervical cancer makes a woman’s life difficult. Overall,60% of the never screened had low perceived severity while 33% of the screened had high perceived severity tocervical cancer. There was no significant association between perceived severity and screening for cervical cancer(c2 = 1.0795; p = 0.2988). Monthly income (c2=13.077; p<0001) and residential area (c2=15.457; p=0.004) weresignificantly associated with perceived severity. Conclusion: The screening rate is still far too low compared tothe national target of greater than 75%. Therefore, despite awareness of the perceived severity of cervical cancer,the reasons why at risk women fail to participate in cervical cancer screening need to be adequately explored.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,perceived severity,Screening,Botswana}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25066.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25066_9a8f8c5558ebc3816f02ab269a00c1c6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Perspectives on Strategies for Establishing Cancer on the Global Health Agenda: Possibilities of Creating Infrastructure for Cancer Prevention Information using School}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1101-1106}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The Asia Cancer Forum is a body that is committed to strategic analysis in the area of cancer research. Theultimate objective of the Forum is to achieve the inclusion of cancer in the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) of the United Nations. The MDGs have a tremendous influence on the setting of the global healthagenda and the inclusion of cancer within their scope would be greatly beneficial to the global development ofcancer research. Although diseases such as HIV/AIDS and malaria remain priority issues for global health, thetime has come for policy transformation. Preventive activities and measures require a long period of time beforeresults become apparent and as the cost-benefit effect of allocated funds cannot be measured in the short-term,preventive activities have therefore tended to be given a low priority in terms of national policy. We must take along-term perspective that looks ahead to the issues that will face future generations. Transcending challengespresented by cultural diversity, we must work to position cancer as a central theme on the global health agenda,even in the face of limited medical resources. Promoting cancer prevention activities through readily availableinfrastructure in the form of health classes in schools is also of great significance in terms of setting the agendafor global health. As a joint China-Japan research project, in China a questionnaire survey has been implementedthrough school pupils, with pupils and parents being asked about health classes implemented in schools. Fromthe perspective of formulating strategy for establishing cancer on the global health agenda we will use the datagained from the surveys to analyze and examine the possibilities and significance of creating an infrastructurefor a multilateral information network about cancer prevention.}, keywords = {School health classes for cancer prevention,Cultural Diversity,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25067.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25067_582bf121f5c157332a16903a5ffca73e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Sida rhombifolia ssp. retusa Seed Extract Inhibits DEN Induced Murine Hepatic Preneoplasia and Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatotoxicity}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1107-1112}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Sida rhombifolia ssp. retusa is a well established drug in the Ayurvedic system of medicine used forantirheumatism and antiasthmatism. Inhibitory effects of S. rhombifolia ssp. retusa seed extract on DEN inducedhepatocellular preneoplastic foci and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity was investigated inrats. Rats received DEN, 1ppm/g b.w. in drinking water for 6 weeks or CCl4, 0.7 ml/kg i.p. once a week for 4weeks and seed extract 50 mg, 100 mg/kg b.w. orally prior, during and after exposure to DEN/CCl4 for 20 or 5weeks, respectively. Treatment with seed extract significantly inhibited the increase in DEN/CCl4 induced activitiesof pre-cancerous marker enzymes; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glutathione-S-transferase, hepatotoxicitymarker enzymes; glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and alkalinephosphatase as well as lipid peroxidase. Depleted glutathione, protein and albumin levels were restored. Also,histopathological and transmission electron microscopic studies showed prevention of cellular degenerativechanges. The chemopreventive and hepatoprotective potentials of seed extract are due to free radical scavengingactivity and restoration of cellular structural integrity.}, keywords = {Sida rhombifolia ssp. retusa seed extract,DEN,hepatic preneoplasia,CCl4,hepatotoxicity}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25068.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25068_40add11ccbfd67605c03ea1b1a30a587.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Impact of a Health Education Intervention Program Regarding Breast Self Examination by Women in a Semi-Urban Area of Madhya Pradesh, India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1113-1117}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is the most common carcinoma in the world and the second most prevalent inIndian females. Over 0.7 million new cases of carcinoma breast are detected every year globally, with nearly 0.3million deaths, affecting 28 per 100,000 females in the age group of 35 to 60 years. Breast self examination(BSE) can detect 40% of breast lesions. The present study aimed to assess the impact of a health educationintervention program about breast self examination (BSE) among women in a semi-urban area in MadhyaPradesh, India. Methodology: The study was carried out in three phases; pre-intervention phase, interventionphase, and post-intervention phase. A total of 1000 women were included. Interventional health education inthe form of a lecture, pamphlets, flip charts and demonstration of the five step method of breast self examinationusing audio-visual aids was administrated. Results: There was a significant improvement in knowledge regardingall aspects of breast self examination of the intervention group from pre- to post-test. After the interventionprogram, 590 (59%) women had good knowledge and among them 90.7% practiced (BSE) compared to 0%pre-test. An overall increase in the awareness of 43% and 53% of BSE practice was observed in the study groupafter intervention. Seven cases of breast disease were detected in which two were breast carcinoma and fivewere fibroadenomas. Conclusion: The knowledge and practices of women toward breast self examination forearly detection were observed to be inadequate in respondents but there was a significant improvement afterthe intervention. Health education programs through various channels to increase the awareness and knowledgeabout BSE are the need of the hour. Mass media cancer education should promote widespread access toinformation about early detection behavior.}, keywords = {Breast-self examination,breast cancer,Health Education,Knowledge,Practice}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25069.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25069_17169ebe7558278b41c541758bb79da6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinical Evaluation of Parapelvic Renal Cysts: Do These Represent Latent Urological Malignant Disease?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1119-1120}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: The parapelvic renal cyst is a relatively common finding on routine urological examination, butonly rarely needs treatment. We here examined all parapelvic renal cyst patients who consulted our Departmentbetween April 1998 and December 2004 with the focus on potential for malignant development. Materials andMethods: A total of 73 patients were diagnosed as having parapelvic renal cysts by ultrasonography, incombination with computed tomography, and/or drip infusion urography in our Department. The backgroundto diagnosis was suspicion of hydronephrosis in 15, flank and/or back pain in 15, and macroscopic hematuriaand/or occult blood urine in 12. Results: There were 3 patients with renal pelvic cancer, and one patient withureteral cancer. Nephro-ureterectomy was performed for all of these 4 cases. There were 10 patients with renalstones, three of which were given extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and one pyelonephrolithotomy. A furtherthree underwent parapelvic renal cyst puncture, performed to preserve renal function or obtain release fromsymptoms. The remaining 3 cases were symptomless, diagnosed after routine examinations, and were simplyfollowed up, as with the other 59 cases with no stones or cancer. Conclusions: Unless a parapelvic renal cystcauses pyelonephritis, symptomatic renal stones, or back discomfort, treatment is not indicated. However, thepossibility that urological malignant disease may be encountered should be borne in mind and appropriatediagnostic measures should be performed. Furthermore, careful follow up of parapelvic renal cyst patients maybe required.}, keywords = {Parapelvic renal cyst,latent cancer,urological malignancy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25070.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25070_70ed2d0bc4faf9f2493b8d798269391c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Histopathological Patterns of Female Breast Lesions at a Secondary Level Care in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1121-1126}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the histopathological patterns of female breastlesions encountered at a secondary level of care centre in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia, with special emphasis onmultiplicity of benign lesions, their proliferative nature and level of risk for progression. Methods: In thisretrospective, hospital record-based descriptive study, all histopathology records of patients attending KingFahd Hospital in Hofuf, Al Hassa between January 2001 and December 2007, were reviewed using a structuredcompilation form. Nine hundred and sixty nine histopathology reports were legible and included. Data regardingtype of specimens, age, laterality of the lesions and the prominent cellular morphology were analyzed. Results:Out of 969 records reviewed, benign lesions accounted for 60.1%, followed by malignancy (21.4%) andinflammatory lesions (18.5%). Multiple benign lesions were found in 51.1% and more than two lesions in 21.1%of cases. Non-proliferative breast lesions with low risk were reported in 81.4%, intermediate risk lesion withouthyperplastic atypia in 14.6%, while high risk lesions with atypia were only 4.0%. Infiltrating ductal carcinomawas the dominant lesion among the latter and 62.1% of cases were diagnosed before the age of 50 years.Conclusion: Benign breast lesion multiplicity is frequent among Saudi female patients; with or without atypiathese lesions represent a sizable risk of potential progression to breast cancer. Meticulous follow up with frequentscreening may be useful for prevention of cancer development and early intervention in affected patients.}, keywords = {histopathology,breast lesions,benign changes,proliferative lesions,Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25071.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25071_0056fb6a42f9189a2623be0353ef5a8a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Influence of Matrix Metalloproteinase Gene Polymorphisms in Healthy North Indians Compared to Variations in other Ethnic Groups Worldwide}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1127-1130}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Matrix metalloproteinases have a range of biological functions, including the liberation of cytokines andmembrane-bound receptors, with roles in promotion of tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Several polymorphismsin MMPs have been implicated in the development of cancer as well as other diseases. Since their frequencydistributions in the general North Indian population is not known the present study was conducted with thefocus on MMP-1(-519) A>G, MMP-1(-1607) 1G>2G, and MMP-7(-181) A>G gene polymorphisms. PCR-basedanalysis was conducted for 200 normal healthy individuals of similar ethnicity. Allelic frequencies in wild typeof MMP-1(-519) A>G were 71.2% A; MMP-1(-1607) 1G>2G 48.2% 1G; MMP-7(-181) A>G 60.7% A. The variantallele frequencies were 29% A in MMP-1(-519) A>G; 52% 2G in MMP-1(-1607) 1G>2G; and 39.3% G in MMP-7(-181) A>G respectively. We further compared frequency distribution for these genes with various publishedstudies in different ethnicity globally. Our results suggest that frequency in these MMP genes exhibit distinctivepatterns in India that could perhaps be attributed to ethnic variation. This study is important as it can form abaseline for screening individuals who are at high risk when exposed to environmental carcinogens. More emphasisis needed on evaluating polymorphisms, alone or in combination, as modifiers of risk from relevant environmental/lifestyle exposures.}, keywords = {ethnicity,Haplotype,metalloproteinase,Polymorphism,RFLP}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25072.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25072_76237449d3b7c6a178bbee359f304476.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Oral Cancer Presentation Among Malay Patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1131-1136}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of oral cancer among Malay patientsin Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan. Methods: A retrospective record review was conductedfrom August to December 2006 in HUSM. Of 133 patients with oral cancer diagnosed from 1986 to 2005, 118were Malay. Data on socio-demographic background, high-risk habits practiced, clinical and histologicalcharacteristics, and treatment profile of the patients were obtained. Results: Malay patients with oral cancerwere predominantly elderly, aged 60 years old and above (51.7%) at the time of diagnosis, with a mean age of58.1 years (SD 16.81). Most patients were males (64.4%) and the majority of them were married (83.9%). Morethan half (58.5%) had been smokers, and of those who smoked, 89.9% were males. Some had a betel quidchewing habit (22.9%) but none ever consumed alcohol. The majority of the patients (77.1%) were diagnosed atstage IV. The tongue was the most usual site involved (37.3%) and squamous cell carcinoma was the mostcommon histological type seen (75.4%). Conclusions: The prevalence of oral cancer among Malay patients inHUSM is high (88.7%). It is predominantly found in elderly males and the majority of cases present at advancedstage.}, keywords = {oral cancer,Epidemiology,Malay population,Kelantan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25073.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25073_b4b823e29c35452167754e07d4c09c04.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Induction of Apoptosis in the Human Leukemic U937 Cell Line by Kaempferia parviflora Wall.ex.Baker Extract and Effects of Paclitaxel and Camptothecin}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1137-1140}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Kaempferia parviflora Wall.ex.Baker is a Thai medicinal herb that has high antioxidant and anti-inflammatoryactivities. Apoptotic effects of the herbal extract alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, paclitaxeland camptothecin, were here studied in the human promonocytic leukemic U937 cell line. K. parviflora extractsuppressed cell proliferation and decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner as assessedusing the trypan blue exclusion assay. Staining of extract-treated cells with propidium iodide and examinationunder a fluorescence microscope showed condensed nuclei and apoptotic bodies. Mitochondrial transmembranepotential (MTP) decreased after treatment and the number of cells with decreased MTP also increased.Furthermore, activation of caspase-3 was found in herbal extract-treated cells. When the extract was combinedwith paclitaxel, an additive effect on U937 cell apoptosis was obtained, whereas camptothecin exerted anantagonistic effect.}, keywords = {U937 cells - Kaempferia parviflora &#8211,paclitaxel - camptothecin - caspase-3}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25074.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25074_dd10426194c2c24b6c18559fcba03e16.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Chemoprevention of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis by a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, Etoricoxib, in Rats: Inhibition of Nuclear Factor kB}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1141-1146}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Etoricoxib, a highly selective cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2) inhibitor (a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, has been newly marketed and studied for thechemopreventive response in the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) induced rat colon cancer model.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group I served as the Control and received thevehicle treatment, while Groups 2 and 3 were administered freshly prepared DMH (30 mg/kg body weight,subcutaneously) in 1mM EDTA-saline (pH 7.0). Groups 3 and 4 received Etoricoxib (0.64 mg/kg body weight,orally) daily prepared in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose. After a 6 week treatment period, animals were sacrificedand the colons were subjected to macroscopic and histopathological studies. Well characterized pre-neoplasticfeatures such as multiple plaque lesions (MPLs), aberrant crypts (ACs) and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) werefound in the DMH group. The number was reduced in DMH + Etoricoxib group, while very few MPLs andACFs were recorded in the Etoricoxib only group. Also, histologically well characterized dysplasia and hyperplasiawere observed in DMH treated group. The simultaneous administration of DMH and Etoricoxib reduced thesefeatures. To study apoptosis, colonocytes were isolated by metal chelation from colonic sacs and studied byfluorescent staining. The DMH treated animals produced much less apoptotic nuclei as compared to the Control.The number of apoptotic nuclei was also found higher in the DMH + Etoricoxib group as well as in Etoricoxibonly group. Studies of a nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB) and COX-2 by Western blot analysis andimmunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of both to be elevated in the DMH treated group but reducedin the DMH + Etoricoxib group. Expression was also low in the Etoricoxib only group. It may be concluded thatthe drug, Etoricoxib, has the potential to reduce DMH induced colon cancer development.}, keywords = {Etoricoxib,NSAID,Colon cancer,ACF,COX-2 expression,NFκB,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25075.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25075_651f567afcb939be28d206f27d32ecac.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Weekly Paclitaxel/ Docetaxel Combined with a Platinum in the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: a Study on Efficacy, Safety and Pre-medication}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1147-1150}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a weekly taxane schedule in the treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and to generate anoptimal pre-medication protocol for weekly taxane. Methods:From December 2001 to June 2006, 78 patients with advanced NSCLCs were recruited from the Department ofChemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Research Institute. Paclitaxel was delivered at 80-100mg/m2 ondays 1 and 8 (11cases), or 50-80mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15 (23cases), while docetaxel was given with the sameschedules at 35-45 mg/m2 (30cases), or 25-35mg/m2 (14cases). In all cases this was combined with a platinumbaseddrug (cisplatin, oxaliplatin or carboplatin) , followed by a 1 week rest. Four pre-medications were attemptedwere also compared. Results: All 78 patients received a total of 202 courses of treatment. Dose limiting toxicitywas myelosuppression. Grades 3 and 4 leukopenia occurred in 19.2% (15/78). Of the 56 eligible patients whocompleted at least 2 courses, none had a complete response, 20 achieved a partial response and 5showedprogression. Toxicity of pre-medications was indicated by: hypersensitivity (1 case), hypopotassemia (8cases), myasthenia (5 cases), hiccups (1 case) and infection (2 cases). No treatment related deaths occurred.Conclusions: Weekly administration of paclitaxel /docetaxel is a safe and active protocol for advanced NSCLCs.Our recommendations for weekly pre-medication with taxane are: dexamethasone 2.25mg-7.5mg orally 12hand 2h before, promethazine and cimetidine 30min before paclitaxel; oral dexamethasone 4.5mg-7.5mg twicedaily for three consecutive days (the day before, the day of, and the day after docetaxel), promethazine andcimetidine 30min before docetaxel.}, keywords = {Non Small Cell Lung Cancer,Paclitaxel,Docetaxel,platinum chemotherapy,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25076.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25076_479e613345d93d69b65f50ffd51c249a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Pre-treatment Hemoglobin Levels are Important for Bladder Carcinoma Patients with Extravesical Extension undergoing Definitive Radiotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1151-1158}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: To evaluate prognostic factors affecting local control (LC), distant metastases-free survival (DMFS)and overall survival (OS) in bladder carcinoma patients undergoing extravesical extension. Patients and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 61 consecutive patients with T3 or T4 bladder carcinoma, treated withdefinitive radiotherapy from 1999 through 2007. Results: Median age was 69 years and follow-up was 29 months.The LC rate was 33% at 4 years and was increased in patients with a Hb≥12 g/dl (p=0.003) or a LDH<180 U/L(p=0.021) and in those who received concurrent chemotherapy (p=0.022) on univariate analysis. DMFS wasaffected by anemia (Hb<12 g/dl) (p=0.039), the absence of chemotherapy (p=0.034) and the presence of newlydiagnoseddisease (p=0.01). The OS rate was 19% at 4 years. Non-pure transitional cell carcinoma histologicaltype (p=0.024), anemia (p=0.004), elevated LDH (p=0.003), and newly diagnosed disease (p=0.011) were poorprognostic factors on univariate analyses for OS. Anemia was the only negative prognostic factor for LC (p=0.03),DMFS (p=0.002) and OS (p<0.0001) on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Pre-treatment Hb level is the mostimportant prognostic factor in patients treated with definitive radiotherapy, so that anemia may act as a surrogatebiological marker for aggressive disease.}, keywords = {Anemia,bladder cancer,Prognostic factor,chemotherapy/radiotherapy,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25077.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25077_5d5e8ce7e688e688ed693c4b83f61d8b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Histopathological Findings for Cervical Lesions in Malaysian Women}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1159-1162}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the histopathological features and cell morphologyof various cervical lesions observed among Malaysian women. Methodology: A retrospective study was conductedto evaluate 77 cervical cases collected from the histopathology laboratory of Ipoh hospital from 1st January,2005, to 31st December, 2006. Results: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was found in 33 (42%) cases,CIN III accounting for 27%, and CIN I, CIN II and CIN II-III 5% each. The highest rate for CIN cases was43% in the 41-50 year age group and the lowest rate was 6% in the group aged 61-70 years . Non-keratinizingand metastatic squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) accounted for 16% and 13%, respectively, the combinationbeing second in majority (29%), followed by adenocarcinoma (17%). The histopathological results showed CINI to be characterized by mild papillary projections of the epithelium with some degree of nuclear enlargement,pleomorphism, mild koilocytosis, bionucleated cells and a low nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio. CIN II demonstratedtypical squamous epithelium with disorganization of the lower part of the epithelium accompanied by nuclearhyperchromatism, an increased nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, and scanty mitotic figures. CIN III was characterizedby pleomorphic nuclei, atypical cells with mitotic figures, nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, anisokaryosis andhyperchromasia. Conclusion: Lesions related to cervical cancer showed tumor progression correlating withhistopathological changes in cell morphology.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,cancer cell morphology,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25078.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25078_9da9e4fe8b2f3d661a3869e22b7dc745.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Colorectal Cancer Patients in a Tertiary Referral Centre in Malaysia: a Five Year Follow-up Review}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1163-1166}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major malignancies in the world. In Malaysia, CRC isfast becoming the commonest cause of cancer death. Its etiology is complex, involving both environmental andgenetic factors. This study looked at the profile and outcome of five-year follow-up of patients with CRC. Materialsand Methods: Retrospective case review study done on CRC patients at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia MedicalCentre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Patients’ socio-demographic characteristics, modalities oftreatment, cancer characteristics and outcome at 5-year follow up were extracted from the case records. Results:A total of 107 case records of patients were analyzed. Peak age of CRC presentation was 40-69 years (71.1%).Male to female ratio was 1.2:1 with Chinese predominance (52.3%). Anaemia and its related symptoms includingper rectal bleeding was the commonest clinical presentation. The median duration of clinical presentation was13 weeks (IQR 21.8). More than two-thirds presented as non-emergency cases (69.2%). Most patients presentedwith Dukes C stage(40.2%). The overall 5-year survival rate was 40% with local recurrence rate of 19.6%.Metastasis after curative-intend treatment (surgery with adjuvant therapy) developed in 26% of patients. Lowerrecurrence (p = 0.016, OR = 0.205) and metastatic disease (p = 0.02, OR = 0.24) found among the Chinesepatients. Almost half of the patients defaulted follow up care (43%), most often within the first year of treatment(22.4%) and the Chinese were the least likely to default (p= 0.04, OR = 0.45). Conclusion: Socio-demographicprofile of CRC patients in UKMMC is comparable to Asia pacific region. Apparent delay in seeking treatmentgives rise to poor overall survival and local recurrence rates.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,rectal bleeding,delay in treatment,survival}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25079.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25079_71ba1a85f226b3d04fd2b161342f91af.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prevalence of Tobacco Use and Tobacco-dependent Cancers in Males in the Rural Cancer Registry Population at Barshi, India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1167-1170}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: In the Rural Cancer Registry at Barshi (western Maharashtra, India), it has been found thatthe incidence of cancer is relatively low. Aim: To explain the low incidence of tobacco related cancers in maleson the basis of prevalence of their tobacco habits. Setting and Design: Simple random sample of villages fromBarshi Rural Cancer Registry. Material and Methods: A tobacco survey was carried out in 5,319 adult males.Site specific incidence data for Barshi and Mumbai Cancer Registries were available from published reports inthe National Cancer Registry Programme. Published report of prevalence of tobacco habits in Mumbai maleswas available. Results: The tobacco survey showed that the prevalence of smoking compared to Mumbai waslow (9.9% vs 23.6%) and the incidence of smoking dependent cancers viz., cancers of oropharynx, larynx andlung were significantly low (P<0.05). However, although the proportion of tobacco chewers is higher in Barshicompared to Mumbai, the incidence rates for cancer of hypopharynx and oral cancer which are predominantlychewing dependent did not show higher rate than in Mumbai. Conclusions: The low incidence of smokingdependent cancers in males can be explained by the low prevalence of smoking habit but further studies areneeded to explain the observed incidence of predominantly chewing dependent cancers.}, keywords = {Tobacco,Lifestyle,Cancer Incidence}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25080.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25080_b490c821f8b9a763bc3a1b11b8b005bb.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Significance of Alanine Aminotransferase Testing in Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic HBV Infection}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1171-1172}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Hepatitis B is a major public health problem world wide; more than 350 million people have chronic infection.Diagnosis of hepatitis is made by biochemical assessment of liver function. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aliver enzyme, is markedly elevated in hepatitis and with other causes of acute liver damage associated withhepatic necrosis, blood levels being elevated even before the clinical signs and symptoms of disease such asjaundice appear. HBsAg can be detected in the serum from several weeks before onset of symptoms to severalmonths after onset of acute HBV infection. The presence of HBsAg indicates that the person is potentiallyinfectious. In our study we found that 80% patients who were HBsAg positive had abnormal ALT levels, whilethe remaining 20% had normal ALT values. This is despite suffering from acute or chronic liver disease, providinga reason why some patients positive for hepatitis B have a normal ALT.}, keywords = {Alanine aminotransferase,HBC infection,HBs Ag,liver disease}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25081.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25081_a70fc55f9cdc3ad2bc6d12cf9a25b9f9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Identification of a Hepatitis B Virus Core Promoter Mutant by PCR- RFLP in Patients Suffering from Chronic Liver Disease, Uttar Pradesh, India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1173-1175}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The present study was designed to identify a core promotor mutation in the HBV genome inpatients suffering from HBV related chronic liver disease. Materials and Methods: 154 chronic liver diseasepatients were selected for study of DNA extracted using a pure viral DNA extraction kit. The core promotermutation was detected by the polymerase chain reaction- based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP)method, using the Sau 3AI restriction enzyme to see if cleavage would occur at this specific site. Results:Among the total of 154, 78 patients were found positive for HBsAg and 71 samples were found to be positive forHBV DNA by first round PCR. The over all prevalence of core mutant was 51(71%) in the 71 patients. 11(68.75%) of 16 patients, excluding 1 patients with mixed type mutation was detected in inactive HBsAg carriers,39 (81.25%), excluding 2 patients with mixed type was detected in chronic hepatitis B, and 4/7 (57%) in patientswith liver cirrhosis were found. Conclusion: Our study concluded that the prevalence of the core promotermutation in the BCP region was higher in the patients with chronic hepatitis B than in liver cirrhosis and HBsAgcarriers. The Sau3AI assay, which is much more convenient than sequencing, was shown to be useful for thedetection of the core promoter mutant in an extensive number of clinical samples. Monitoring and detection ofHBV variants by PCR-RFLP in chronic infection may improve the management of these patients}, keywords = {HBeAg,BCP,PCR-RFLP- core promoter mutant}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25082.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25082_23aa82691e94e6d2d53c58a58ed001b9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Lack of Effects of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the DNA Methyltransferase 1 Gene on Gastric Cancer in Iranian Patients: A Case Control Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1177-1182}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in Iran. Hypomethylation and/orhypermethylation of DNA has been described in gastric cancer and is presumed to be an early event incarcinogeneisis. Objective: We therefore hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms of the DNMT1gene may be associated with the genetic susceptibility to gastric cancer. Methods: Totals of 200 patients and 200controls, both of Iranian origin, were studied. Three polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-RFLP and allelefrequencies and genotypes were compared between the cases and controls. Odds ratios were calculated and theinteractions between the polymorphisms, age and sex were examined. Results : There were no significantassociations between the DNMT1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer. Conclusion: We could not show anyassociation between DNMT1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer. Larger sets of polymorphisms and samplesizes are required for future testing of possible associations.}, keywords = {Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms,DNA methyltransferase 1,Gastric cancer,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25083.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25083_d70fe0663ba9d42fba7d1442713f1a17.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effects of Amino Acid Substitution Polymorphisms of two DNA Methyltransferases on Susceptibility to Sporadic Colorectal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1183-1188}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Aim: The present study was designed to consider whether amino acid substitutionpolymorphisms in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and DNA methyl transferase 1 (DNMT1)genes may be associated with the genetic susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancer. Patients and methods: Weassessed eight non-synonymous polymorphisms of these two genes by PCR/pyrosequencing. Our populationconsisted of 208 individuals with sporadic colorectal cancer and 213 controls. Allele frequencies and genotypeswere compared between the two groups. Results: The calculated odds ratios indicated no association betweenDNMT1 and colorectal cancer. However, there was a significant association between two polymorphisms inMGMT with sporadic colorectal cancer: Arg128Gln (OR, 5.53) and Gly160Arg (OR, 3.04) . Conclusions: Thesefindings could be indicative of factors contributing to high occurrence of Iranian colorectal cancer patients.}, keywords = {MGMT,DNMT1,amino acid substitution polymorphisms,colorectal cancer,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25084.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25084_0a2fb1bc0809d4559b97cbf7c23ebed6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Colostomy Irrigation: An Important Issue for Muslim Individuals}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1189-1190}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Colostomy irrigation (CI) is a bowel management method in individuals with permanent colostomy, as analternative to pouch use, which may provide continence. CI helps the individuals with an artificial stoma toadjust to the stoma and may increase their quality of life (QOL). An uncontrolled intestinal gas dischargeinvalidates ablution, and noisy gas discharge and smell prevents congregational prayers, which cause problemsto Muslims with stomas. Therefore, CI may be an appropriate solution for this patient group. Using the exampleof one affected individual we discuss how the praying problem can be resolved with teaching to self-perform CIand emphasize the beneficial effects on QOL.}, keywords = {Colostomy,irrigation,Muslim,enterostomal therapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25085.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25085_1c2b7dbfde6fd3e8685fe2a41e239224.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Proposal for a Cooperative Study on Population-based Cancer Survival in Selected Registries in East Asia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1191-1198}, year = {2009}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Reliable population-based cancer survival data are essential for assessment of the effectivenes of cancerscreening programs, distribution of cancer therapy and prevalent cancer cases. International comparisons areuseful to allow societies, mass media and health authorities to gain a real appreciation of the cancer problem intheir own country and provide an impetus to improve registration and cancer control planning. Since directlycomparable survival data among East Asian countries are presently very limited, a comparative study onpopulation-based cancer survival involving China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, the Philippines and Taiwan, withNepal as an observer, was proposed. At the 1st Working Group meeting in Tokyo on March 18th, 2009, it wasdecided to publish the present Commentary as a step towards realization of truly comparable cancer survivalstatistics in the region. Included are general information and quality of data of cancer registration at eachparticipating registry and five-year relative survival rates of cancer of the stomach, colo-rectum, liver, lung,breast and cervix.}, keywords = {Cancer registration,survival,Data quality,international comparisons}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25086.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25086_1a3de4bc5cde8b737e7e918e6c82d14d.pdf} }