@article { author = {}, title = {Helicobacter Pylori and Gastric Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {583-588}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Helicobacter pylori has been the subject of intense investigation since its culture from a gastric biopsy in 1982.From the beginning, this gram-negative bacterium has provoked the interest of bacteriologists, gastroenterologists,infectious disease specialists, cancer biologists, epidemiologists, pathologists, and pharmaceutical scientists.Pathologists were among the first groups of scientists to reevaluate their data in the context of the newlydiscovered bacterial etiological agent. Chronic inflammation elicited by the bacterium provided the missing linkin the progression to gastric carcinoma; accordingly, H. pylori was named as a class 1 carcinogen by the WorldHealth Organization. Two key papers published in 1991 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute reporteda positive association between gastric cancer and H. pylori infection. This fact provided a strong rationale to treatall who tested positive for H. pylori. Antibiotic regimens have been largely successful, but some agents such asmetronidazole and clarithromycin have been rendered ineffective in several countries and geographical areas ofthe United States by the emergence of strains resistant to these compounds. Although there was some skepticisminitially, within few years numerous research groups verified the association of H.pylori with gastric carcinoma.Host related factors for the development of disease can indicate genetic susceptibility (or resistance) or acquiredinfluences, which may stimulate defenses of the host against environmental carcinogens like H.pylori. The presentarticle is a mini-review of the history and epidemiology of the bacterium and its suggested association with thedevelopment and progression of gastric cancer.}, keywords = {Helicobacter pylori,Epidemiology,factors,Gastric cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25248.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25248_5969b5080d9945dcf10947b78b9923bf.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Conservative Treatment in Young Patients with CervicalCancer: A Review}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {589-594}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {For cervical cancer cases with a low risk of relapse who wish to maintain their fertility, radical trachelectomyis an alternative to radical hysterectomy. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging is recommended before surgery,with laparoscopic assisted lymphatic dissection required for assessment of lymphatic metastasis. If there is avisible lesion in the cervix, the specimen taken during trachelectomy should be sent for frozen section. Thecomplications of radical trachelectomy are chronic vaginal discharge, irregular vaginal bleeding, dysmenorrhea,ulceration, amenorrhea and cervical stenosis. The probability of cervical cancer recurrence with a lesion ofsimilar size is comparable with radical trechelectomy and radical hysterectomy. Two thirds of pregnancies aftertrachelectomy lead to live births of which approximately 40% of them are healthy. However, the probability ofsecond trimester abortion and pre-term labor is greater than in the general population. Because of the possibilityof uterine arterial injury in short cervix, vaginal delivery should be avoided and a cesarean operation in 37-38thweek is recommended. Adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy followed by radical trachelectomy is a suitableoption for larger lesions. On the other hand, conization or simple trachelectomy are more proper approachesfor very small lesions.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25249.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25249_bcc424013efb4ea6c8e6a0fe0d92042a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Gastric Cancer in Ardabil, Iran - a Review and Update onCancer Registry Data}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {595-599}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The incidence rate of gastric cancer in western countries has shown a remarkable decline in recent yearswhile it is still the most common cancer among men in Iran. Ardabil, a North Western province, was found tohave the highest rate of GC in Iran and one of the highest gastric cardia cancer rates in the world. We used themost recent data from Ardabil cancer registry to update on the incidence and mortality of GC and performedan extensive search of the English and Persian literature in Pub Med, Embase and all 5 Persian web-baseddatabases, respectively, to summarize all possible risk factors for GC in Ardabil. The age-standardized incidencerate of gastric cancer was 51.8 (95% CI: 47.8-55.8) in men and 24.9 (95% CI: 21.5-27.2) in women per 100,000.Age-standardized mortality rates for gastric cancer in this population were 32.2 (95% CI: 29.1-35.3) and 16.3(95% CI: 13.9-18.6). The gastric cardia sub-site was the most common location (32.7%) in Ardabil. Accordingto our review H.pylori infection, gastroesphageal reflux symptoms, tobacco smoking, and high intakes of salt,red meat and dairy products increase the risk of GC while diets with a high content of allium vegetables andfruits, especially citrus fruits, and consumption of fresh fish, were significantly protective against GC. Weconclude that Ardabil has the highest rate of GC in Iran and one the highest rates of gastric cardia cancer inthe world, with no evidence of decline in incidence since 2000. In addition to H.pylori infection, the epidemicof gastroesphageal reflux disease and several dietary factors may be responsible for the very high incidence ofgastric cardia cancer in Ardabil.}, keywords = {Gastric cancer - cardia site - time trends - risk factors - Ardabil,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25250.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25250_ad9cf1318687993d8f5f42aa81b3cf11.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prominent Bladder Cancer Risk Factors in Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {601-606}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Several risk factors have been suggested for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder (BC). Since itseems that some factors have more prominent role over the others in our region, we conducted the present casecontrolstudy with 692 bladder cancer (BC) patients versus 692 healthy controls (262 women versus 1,122 menin total) matched on the basis of gender and age (±5 years). The enrolled cases had confirmed TCC of bladder.To gather data, we exploited a questionnaire filled up in face-to-face interviews. We classified different factorsin four categories as follows: 1-dietary factors; 2-history of underlying diseases; 3-lifestyle; and 4-occupational/chemical exposures. Among dietary factors, pickles (P= 0.04) and vegetables (P= 0.001) had protective effects.In the second group, histories of all evaluated diseases were accompanied by increased risks for BC. Among lifestyle factors, cigarette smoking (P= 0.0001), opium use (P= 0.0001), history of excessive analgesic use (P= 0.0001)and hair dye use (P= 0.02) had significant correlations with BC. However, none of the occupational exposureswas associated with BC. One may conclude that some factors such as opium use may have a more important rolein developing BC in our region. Nonetheless, we should categorize occupations based on their definite exposureto chemicals for conducting further studies.}, keywords = {TCC bladder,Case-control study,risk factors,Diet,Lifestyle,Opium,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25251.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25251_bfadedb5321076ccc2791e2819827a59.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {What Types of Cancer Screening Information are Needed?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {607-613}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Seeking information about cancer is an important means by which individuals acquire cancerrelatedknowledge and know whether they should be screened for cancer. This study was performed to identifythe desired types of cancer screening information and to describe patterns of information-seeking behavior.Methods: In August 2006, a questionnaire was administered to a population of South Korean adults who rangedin age from 40 to 70 years (n = 1,676). The chi-square test, linear regression, and logistic regression were usedfor data analysis. Results: Only 7.8% of the study population reported seeking information about cancer withinthe previous 12 months. Respondents were more likely to seek information about cancer if they were youngerthan 49 years, had a post-high school education, were insured through Medicaid, perceived their health statusto be fair or poor/very poor and had received prior cancer screening. The most desired information includedmethods of cancer screening, followed by procedures, benefits and necessity, and limits and side effects. Factorsassociated with the need for information were age (i.e., less than 49 years), residence (i.e., non-metropolitan),perceived health status (i.e., fair or poor/very poor), cancer family history, and prior cancer screening. Conclusion:It is important to understand the characteristics of information seekers and non-seekers and to deliver cancerscreening information based on individuals’ needs to promote higher rates of cancer screening.}, keywords = {Information Seeking,cancer screening information,Information needs}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25252.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25252_97e940d7fa1bf0e376e710b1827c00b4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination in Nepal: An InitialExperience}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {615-617}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cervical cancer is the commonest cancer among women in Nepal. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection,a recognized cause of cervical cancer, is very common in sexually active women and HPV vaccination has beenrecommended as a prophylactic therapy. If HPV infection is prevented by the HPV vaccination to the adolescentgirls, cervical cancer is also prevented. We received 3,300 vials of quadrivalent human papilloma virus (types 6,11, 16, 18) recombinant vaccine (Gardasil; Merk & Co.) as a gift from the Australian Cervical Cancer Foundation(ACCF) which has a mission to provide life-saving HPV cervical cancer vaccines for women in developingcountries, who cannot otherwise afford vaccination. HPV vaccine was offered to 1,096 of 10 to 26 year aged girlsattending 17 secondary schools. In total, 1,091 (99.5%) received the second dose and 1,089 (99.3%) received thethird dose of the vaccine. The remaining 5 girls at second dose and 2 girls at third dose remained unvaccinated.No serious vaccine related adverse events were reported except mild pain at the injection site in 7.8% of thevaccine recipients. High cost and low public awareness are the key barriers for successful implementation ofthe vaccination program in resource limited developing countries. In conclusion, HPV vaccine is safe with highacceptability in Nepalese school girls. However a large population study for longer follow up is warranted tovalidate the findings of this vaccination program.}, keywords = {Acceptability,cervical cancer,Feasibility,HPV vaccine,Side Effects}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25253.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25253_f547b153240def27c087639614a6ce55.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cervical Cancer Screening by Visual Inspection with AceticAcid- Interobserver Variability between Nurse and Physician}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {619-622}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the test performance of visual inspectionwith acetic acid (VIA) by a physician and nurse so as to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of training a nursein interpreting VIA. Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in the colposcopy clinic at the Universityteaching hospital. 406 women who fulfilled the selection criteria underwent VIA done by both physician andnurse and the findings were interpreted independently. This was followed by colposcopy done by a gynecologistblinded to the results of VIA and directed biopsy was taken if indicated. The diagnostic efficacy was calculatedseparately for physician and nurse using threshold of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and above andconcordance of results between the physician and nurse was determined by kappa statistics. Results: VIA byphysician had a higher sensitivity (88.89% versus 80%) and a higher specificity (69.81% versus 54.85%) withdisease threshold of CIN 2 and above. The concordance of results showed moderate agreement (kappa=0.366).Conclusion: Trained nurses can be an effective alternative human resource for cervical cancer screening usingVIA as a preliminary screening method. Intensive training and periodic reinforcement sessions are needed soas to reduce the false positive results.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,visual inspection with acetic acid,Screening,colposcopy,paramedical worker}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25254.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25254_f65cce4b4544adbf482158521519ee49.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Correlation of Mast Cell Density, Tumor Angiogenesis, andClinical Outcomes in Patients with Endometrioid EndometrialCancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {623-626}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Tumor angiogenesis has been demonstrated in several kinds of neoplasms. There are evidencesthat mast cells can produce many kinds of chemical mediators with angiogenic properties. The specific role of mastcells in female genital tract cancer has not been well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine thecorrelation between the mast cell density, tumor angiogenesis, and clinical outcomes in patients with endometrioidadenocarcinoma of endometrium. Methods: Histologically, four-micrometer-thick haematoxylin and eosin stainedslides of the hysterectomy specimens were evaluated. Microvessels were highlighted by CD31 immunostain andmast cells were stained by 0.1% toluidine blue. All clinicopathological characteristics were reviewed to determinetheir possible correlation to microvessel density and number of mast cells. Results: A total of 46 patients whounderwent a complete staging surgery were eligible for this study. The median age of the patients was 55 years(range, 32-70 years). The median follow-up was 27.0 months (range 3.6-83.8). Microvessel appeared significantlyto correlate with the number of parity. The mean microvessel count was likely to be higher in women with nonmenopausalstatus (p=0.07), advanced FIGO stage (p=0.09), and lymph node metastasis (p=0.08). There was nosignificant correlation between microvessel counts, mast cell density, and disease recurrence. Conclusion: Ourdata suggested that the number of microvessel counts and mast cell density did not affect the clinical progressionor recurrence of endometrioid endometrial cancer.}, keywords = {Mast cell density,microvessel count,tumor angiogenesis,Endometrial cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25255.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25255_aeee857fb6faede551ccd82ee5a64391.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Nutritive Evaluation and Effect of Moringa oleifera pod on Clastogenic Potential in the Mouse}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {627-632}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Moringa oleifera Lam (horseradish tree; tender pod or fruits) has been consumed as a vegetable and utilizedas a major ingredient of healthy Thai cuisine. Previous studies have shown that M. oleifera pod extracts act asbifunctional inducers along with displaying antioxidant properties and also inhibiting skin papillomagenesisin mice. This study was aimed to determine the nutritive value, and clastogenic and anticlastogenic potentialsof M. oleifera pod. The nutritive value was determined according to AOAC methods. The clastogenic andanticlastogenic potentials were determined using the in vivo erythrocyte micronucleus assay in the mouse. Eightymale mice were fed semi-purified diets containing 1.5%, 3.0% and 6.0% of ground freeze-dried boiled M. oleiferapod (bMO) for 2 weeks prior to administration of both direct-acting (mitomycin C, MMC) and indirect-acting(7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, DMBA), clastogens. Blood samples were collected at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h,dropped on acridine orange-coated slides, and then counted for reticulocytes both with and without micronucleiby fluorescence microscopy. The nutritive value of 100 g bMO consisted of: moisture content, 8.2 g; protein,19.2 g; fat, 3.9 g; carbohydrate (dietary fiber included), 60.5 g; dietary fiber, 37.5 g; ash, 8.1 g and energy, 354kcal. Freeze-dried boiled M. oleifera had no clastogenic activity in the mouse while it possessed anticlastogenicactivity against both direct and indirect-acting clastogens. Freeze-dried boiled M. oleifera pod at 1.5%, 3.0%and 6.0% in the diets decreased the number of micronucleated peripheral reticulocytes (MNRETs) induced byboth MMC and DMBA. However, the effect was statistically significant in the dose dependent manner only inthe MMC-treated group. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that bMO has no clastogenicity andpossesses anticlastogenic potential against clastogens, and particularly a direct-acting clastogen in the mouse.}, keywords = {Anticlastogenic,Moringa oleifera,Mitomycin C,DMBA,erythrocyte micronucleus assay,nutritive value}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25256.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25256_fa69463ed1e16495cc531080de5c75cd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Disability Adjusted Life Years for Cancer Patients in India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {633-640}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The disability adjusted life year (DALY) has been employed to quantify the burden of diseases. This measureallows for combining in a single indicator “years of life lived with disabilities (YLD)” and “years of life lost frompremature death (YLL)”. The present communication attempts to estimate the burden of cancers in-terms ofYLL, YLD and DALY for “all sites” and leading sites of cancer in India for the years 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016.The YLL, YLD and DALY were estimated by employing Global Burden of Disease (GBD) methodology usingthe DISMOD procedure. The published data on age, gender and site specific cancer incidence and mortality forthe years 2001-2003 relating to six population-based cancer registries viz. Bangalore, Barshi, Bhopal, Chennai,Delhi and Mumbai, expectation of life by gender for urban areas of the country for 1999-2003 and the projectedpopulation during years 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016 were utilized for the computations. DALYs were found tobe lower for males (2,038,553, 2,313,843, 2,656,693 and 3,021,708 for 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016 respectively)as compared to females (2,560,423, 2,961,218, 3,403,176 and 3,882,649). Amongst males, highest DALYs werecontributed by cancer of the lung and esophagus while in females they were for cancers of breast and cervix uteri.It is estimated that total DALYs due to cancer in India combined for both genders would increase from 4,598,976in 2001 to 6,904,358 by 2016. Premature mortality is a major contributor to disease burden. According to thepresent estimates, the YLL component of DALY is about 70.0%. The above described computations reveal anurgent need for initiating primary and secondary prevention measures for control of cancers.}, keywords = {Cancer burden,India,DALYs}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25257.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25257_cfc7badcd2c94aaefc7ea6253b74e295.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {HPV Vaccine Acceptance among Women in the Asian Pacific:A Systematic Review of the Literature}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {641-649}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To inform human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs in the Asian Pacific region byelucidating factors associated with women’s intent to receive the vaccine. Methods: Quantitative and qualitativestudies on female HPV vaccine acceptance within countries of the Asian Pacific region were systematicallyreviewed. Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Medline, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection,PsycINFO, and Sociological Collection were searched for original research articles exploring primary acceptanceof the HPV vaccine among women published between January 1995 and February 2010. Results: Of the 60 studiesyielded by the search, 18 met inclusion criteria (13 quantitative, 5 qualitative). All quantitative studies werecross-sectional and all but one assessed vaccination intent rather than actual uptake. Awareness and knowledgeof HPV, HPV-related conditions, and HPV vaccination varied greatly among studies. Several studies foundwomen’s perceived susceptibility to HPV-related conditions to be positively associated with HPV vaccine intent.Across seven quantitative studies in five countries, women’s concerns about the vaccine’s safety and efficacywere associated with their intent to be vaccinated. Social consequences and support from social referents werealso influential in many women’s decisions. Qualitative research also revealed that many women were concernedthat the vaccine would affect fertility. Conclusion: HPV vaccine campaigns should address gaps in knowledgeregarding HPV, genital warts, and cervical cancer, and should attend to concerns about vaccine safety andefficacy. Strategies should also be undertaken to decrease social stigma surrounding receipt of the HPV vaccineand to foster familial and partner support of women’s decision to be vaccinated.}, keywords = {HPV vaccination,women’s intent,Knowledge,social stigma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25258.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25258_b1efebe136f81af12d9e1a7d17cde2af.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Breast Self-Examination: Knowledge and Practice amongNurses in United Arab Emirates}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {651-654}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This study was conducted to explore the knowledge and practice of nurses regarding breast self-examination(BSE) in the United Arab Emirates. Nurses working in different hospitals constituted the study population.A total of 154 nurses who had come to participate in the breast cancer awareness week programme were theparticipants. Approval of the Gulf Medical University ethics committee was obtained. A self-administered, pretested,structured, close ended questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical analysis was performedusing PASW 17. Age of the participants in this study ranged from 20 to 59 years, with a mean age of 24.1 years.96.1% of the participants were aware of the ideal age to start BSE, while 87.7% respondents knew that womenwith regular menstruation should perform BSE monthly on a particular day, preferably on the fifth or seventhday after menstruation. With regard to BSE technique, 68.8% knew that both inspection and palpation werethe ideal methods to detect any change in the breast. A high proportion, 84.4% of the respondents, reportedperforming BSE. Among those married, 87.0% and among single 78.3% were practicing BSE. The results pointout that the nurses have a satisfactory knowledge regarding BSE and this is shown in their practice of BSE.Emphasis should be laid on BSE in undergraduate and postgraduate courses, especially for nurses, as they aremostly involved in patient care and education.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25259.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25259_c451b8fc27f344120ac40e79065e1b42.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Pattern of Cancer in Adolescent and Young Adults - A Ten YearStudy in India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {655-659}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Cancers in adolescent and young adults are different from those in older adults and are morelikely to relate to genetic predisposition and exposure to risk factors early in life. They also have the greatestimpact on those individuals who have most of their potential years of life ahead of them. Objective: To determinethe incidence and pattern of cancers in adolescent and young adults. Methodology: A ten year retrospective studyfrom January 1997 to December 2006 was performed at the Department of Pathology. All malignancies diagnosedbetween the ages of 15-44 years were retrieved from our records and socioepidemiological data regarding eachcase were collected from the hospital record section. The cases were analyzed for incidence, site of involvement,age /sex distribution and year wise distribution by descriptive analysis. Results:In this study, cancer in adolescentand young adults accounted for 26.6% of all the cancers diagnosed. Maximum cases were seen between 35-39years age group in both genders. The male: female ratio was 1:2. Year wise there was steady rise in number ofcases from 1997 to 2006 in both genders. The top five common sites in males were cancer of mouth, stomach,testis, bone & penis and in females were mouth, cervix uterus, breast, thyroid & stomach. Conclusion: In thepresent study, cancer of mouth predominated in both genders, followed by stomach in males and cervix uterusand breast in females, reflecting potential lifestyle and environmental factors.}, keywords = {Adolescent and young adults,cancer pattern}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25260.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25260_6e33b08480a0a4d2f52f6a1cee49549b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Comparison of Protective Effects of L-Carnitine andAmifostine on Radiation-induced Toxicity to Growing Bone:Histopathology and Scintigraphy Findings}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {661-667}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the radioprotective efficacy of L-carnitine (LC) ingrowing bones in comparison to amifostine. Materials and Methods: Sixty two-week-old Wistar albino rats wererandomly assigned to six equal groups: Group 1, control (CONT); Group 2, irradiation alone (RT); Group 3,amifostine plus irradiation (AMI+RT); Group 4, L-carnitine plus irradiation (LC+RT); Group 5, amifostinealone (AMI); Group 6, L-carnitine alone (LC). The rats in the AMI+RT, LC+RT and RT groups were irradiatedindividually with a single dose of 20 Gy to the left femur. LC (300mg/kg) and amifostine (200mg/kg) wereapplied 30 min before irradiation. The animals were scanned for bone area, mineral content and bone mineraldensity (BMD) by DEXA and the 99mTc methylene diphosphonate uptake ratio (MUR) was calculated by bonescintigraphy. Histopathological analysis of bone and cartilage was also carried out after euthanasia. Results:Pretreatment with LC or amifostine reduced the radiation-induced damage in growing bone (p=0.007 and p=0.04respectively) and in the epiphysial cartilage (p=0.002 and p=0.015 respectively). The protective effect of LC wassimilar to that of amifostine on both growing bone and on the epiphysial cartilage. The mean left-femur BMDvalues were significantly higher in the LC+RT (p=0.02) and AMI+RT (p=0.01) groups than in the RT group. butdid not differ with the two protective agents. Pretreatment with AMI (p=0.002) and LC (p=0.01) improved theMUR. Conclusions: L-carnitine is equally as effective as amifostine at protecting growing bone against singledose irradiation damage.}, keywords = {Amifostine,growing bone,Irradiation,L-carnitine,radioprotection}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25261.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25261_8a679d90d679c3ccea028f45d573f5d2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Smoking Behavior and Risk of Helicobacter Pylori Infection,Gastric Atrophy and Gastric Cancer in Japanese}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {669-673}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Although many studies have shown that smoking is an established risk factor for gastric cancer, relativelyfew studies have investigated on which step smoking has effects in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) related gastriccarcinogenesis. In this study we investigated the association of smoking with risk of three steps leading to gastriccancer: H. pylori infection, gastric atrophy, and gastric cancer. Among the participants who visited Aichi CancerCenter Hospital from year 2001 to 2005, 583 cases diagnosed as gastric cancer and age-and sex-frequency-matched1,742 cancer free controls were sampled, from whom those without serum samples or without information aboutsmoking habit were excluded, leaving 576 cases and 1,599 controls eligible for the analyses. Anti- H. pylori IgGantibody and serum pepsinogens (PG) were measured to detect H. pylori infection and gastric atrophy. Smokingstatus was asked by a self-administered questionnaire. The odds ratio (OR) of H. pylori infection, as well as theOR of gastric atrophy among the H. pylori seropositive controls was not significant for smokers. The age- andsex-adjusted OR of gastric cancer was significantly elevated relative to the subjects with gastric atrophy: OR=1.62(95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-2.22; P=0.002) for ever smokers and 2.52 (1.75-3.64; P<0.001) for currentsmokers, relative to never smokers. This study revealed that smoking behavior contributed to the increased riskof gastric carcinogenesis from gastric atrophy, and had little influence on H. pylori infection or gastric atrophydevelopment.}, keywords = {Gastric cancer,gastric atrophy,H. pylori infection,smoking,lifestyle factors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25262.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25262_c61fafeb5d1031f927247388a448d1a1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {DNA Fragmentation and Cell Cycle Arrest: A Hallmark ofApoptosis Induced by Crocin from Kashmiri Saffron in aHuman Pancreatic Cancer Cell line}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {675-679}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Apoptosis, a widely important mechanism that contributes to cell growth reduction, is reportedto be induced by Crocus sativus in different cancer types. The present study was designed to elucidate apoptosisinduction by crocin, a main component of Crocus sativus in a human pancreatic cancer cell line (BxPC-3).Methods: Cell viability was measured by MTT assay, Hoechest33258 staining was used to detect the chromatincondensation characteristic of apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation was assessed by gel electrophoresis and cellcycle analysis by flow cytometry. Results: Crocin induced apoptosis and G1-phase cell cycle arrest of BxPC-3cells, while decreasing cell viability in a dose dependent and time dependent manner. Cells treated with 10μg/Lcrocin exhibited apoptotic morphology (brightly blue-fluorescent condensed nuclei on Hoechst 33258 staining)and reduction of volume. DNA analysis revealed typical ladders as early as 12 hours after treatment indicativeof apoptosis. Conclusion: Our preclinical study demonstrated a pancreatic cancer cell line to be highly sensitiveto crocin-mediated growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death. Although the molecular mechanisms of crocinaction are not yet clearly understood, it appears to have potential as a therapeutic agent.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25263.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25263_c20b2be17af85b443407974a1504f937.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Predictors of Adherence to Clinical Breast Examination andMammography Screening among Malaysian Women}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {681-688}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Malaysian women and early detection can play an importantrole in reducing cancer morbidity and mortality. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine therates and factors related to clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography among 425 female teachersin Selangor, Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire that included questions on socio-demography,cancer-related knowledge practice and an adapted version of Champion’s revised Health Belief Model Scalewas employed. The mean age of participants was 37.2±7.16 years. Only 25% of the women ever had a CBE.Of women over the age 40 (n=138), 13.6% reported having had a mammography. The results showed highersusceptibility to breast cancer, higher benefits of doing CBE and regular visits with a physician to be significantpredictors for undergoing CBE (p<0.05). In addition, higher a perceived susceptibility to breast cancer andregular undergoing CBE were significant predictors for having a mammography. The findings clearly suggest aneed for improving women’s awareness on breast cancer screening, its importance and recommended guidelines.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Clinical Breast Examination,Health beliefs,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25264.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25264_4ee6e613baf696d722f05ae22de272bc.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Caveolin-1 Promotes Mammary Tumorigenesis: MutationalProfile of the Kashmiri Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {689-696}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Backgroung: The role of caveolae and the caveolin proteins in cancer has been the subject of extensiveresearch. It has been suggested that caveolin-1 (Cav-1) may contribute to certain steps of carcinogenesis. In thepresent study we focused on its potential clinical relevance in mammary malignancies. Methods: We investigated130 breast cancer samples along with adjacent normal tissues using allele specific PCR for the mutation statusand then conventional PCR-SSCP and sequencing of mutated samples along with the normal adjacent tissues.Results: Caveolin-1 was identified in a screen for genes involved in breast cancer progression and we demonstrated29.2% mutational status in our Kashmiri ethnic population. We were able to detect 38 mutations out of which22 were missense, 4 were nonsense, and 12 were frame shifts amongst these 38 we were also able to detect tennovel Cav-1 mutations (missense and frameshift mutations). Conclusion: We conclude that our study suggeststhat the gene encoding Cav-1 plays an important role in the promotion of mammary tumorigenesis and areassociated with the development and progression of breast cancer.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Cav-1,Mutation,As-PCR,PCR-SSCP}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25265.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25265_bc191b06a8c28aa56bb0fecc45a1c602.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Factors Affecting Engraftment Time in Autologous PeripheralStem Cell Transplantation}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {697-702}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Rapid hematological engraftment at autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation (APSCT)is a significant factor in reduction of early transplant-related complications and costs. For this reason, it isimportant to determine influences on hematological recovery. Methods: This study was designed to evaluatefactors affecting leukocyte and platelet engraftment times after high dose chemotherapy following APSCT.A total of 228 patients (131 males and 97 females) were enrolled. Results: There were statistically significantdifferences between patients with CD34+ cell doses ≥2.5×106/kg (n=180) and <2.5×106/kg (n=48), regardingleukocyte engraftment at 11 and 12 days, respectively (p<0.02), between G-CSF (n=167) and GM-CSF (n=61)posttransplant regarding median leukocyte engraftment times (p=0.005), and between with (n=75) or without(n=153) history of pretransplant radiotherapy for both leukocyte and platelet engraftment times (p<0.001).Conclusions: For leukocyte engraftment, a history of pretransplant radiotherapy, type of growth factor usedand number of CD34+ cells infused, and for platelet engraftment, a history of pretransplant radiotherapy werefound to be independent variables on multivariate analysis with the Cox regression method.}, keywords = {autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation,engraftment time,CD34+ cells,G-CSF,GM-CSF}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25266.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25266_fb6599c78a945e1784fdc8830da6e901.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Assessment of Malnutrition in Adult Acute Leukemia Cases}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {703-707}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: This study examined malnutrition in acute leukemia cases, and its association to the treatment.Methods: 54 cases, consisting of 40 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and 14 patients with acutelymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were included to the study, where further 34 healthy subjects were also recruited.Body mass index (BMI), triceps skin-fold thickness (TST), mid-arm circumference (MAC) and biochemistrytests were used for the assessment tools of malnutrition. Results: When classified according to BMI, prevalenceof malnutrition was 18.5% in all cases, 18% in newly-diagnosed cases, 20% in patients with remission and 16%without remission, and 5.8% in control group. No statistically significant difference was found between groups(p=0.47). Prevalence of malnutrition according to TST and MAC was not difference in patient and control group(p=0.048), (p=0.37). Patients with malnutrition according to BMI had also significant malnutrition according toTST and MAC measurements (p<0.001). Conclusions: Prevalence of malnutrition was seen at higher percentagein adult acute leukemia cases, which was increased during the course of treatment, and TST measurement wasbetter in establishing malnutrition.}, keywords = {Acute leukemia,Malnutrition,adult}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25267.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25267_bac2d1832a1ab5f785c1f1ecc2b9d507.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) andMacrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) as PotentialTumor Markers in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {709-712}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an important subject threatening public health. There is not a markerfor early detection of this cancer type in practice yet. When studies on this subject were searched, cytokinesshow promise in diagnosis and guiding treatment. The reason for selecting serum M-CSF and G-CSF levelsis observing tumor related leukocytosis in most of the NSCLC patients. In our study, using enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay, we compared serum M-CSF and G-CSF levels of 24 newly diagnosed NSCLC cases with 30healthy individuals. Our data suggests that patients’ serum G-CSF levels were significantly higher than controls(103.2±52.4pg/mL for patients and 25.0±4.5pg/mL for controls, p<0.001) but not significantly different in M-CSFlevels (250.7±102.9pg/mL for patients and 211.6±57.8pg/mL for controls, p>0.05). Our patients’ neutrophil countwas higher than the normal range (mean 7.7x109/L, N=2.5-7.5x109/L). Increased serum G-CSF levels with highneutrophil counts in patients suggests tumor related increase of this cytokine but there was no relationshipbetween serum cytokines and tumor type. There are different results in the literature about cytokine levels inNSCLC patients but the main conclusion, with which we concur, is that ongoing studies will provide consistentresults of value to patients.}, keywords = {NSCLC,Tumor markers,G-CSF,M-CSF}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25268.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25268_f5b6dd3dbd335e9bf317eacfdc892dbe.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Comparison of Telomere Length and Telomerase Activationbetween Breast Fibroadenoma and Infiltrating DuctalCarcinoma in Malaysian Women}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {713-716}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {A study was initiated to explore possible differences in handling telomere attrition in the most commonmalignant and benign tumours of the breast in Malaysian women. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) andfibroadenoma (FA) represented the malignant and benign prototypes respectively. 29 IDC, 28 FA and 22 benignnon-lesional control (BNL) breast tissue samples were analysed for telomerase activation using a Telomerase PCRELISA kit (Boehringer Mannheim). In addition, 23 IDC, 12 FA and 14 BNL were subjected to telomere lengthdetermination with a TeloTAGGG Telomere Length Assay Kit (Roche Diagnostic GmbH, Germany), followingdigestion of genomic DNA by frequently cutting restriction enzymes RsaI and HinfI. Mean telomerase activityin IDC (A450nm=0.3338), but not FA (A450nm=0.0003) was significantly raised (p<0.05) compared with BNL(A450nm=0.0031). Similarly IDC (1.2 kb), but not FA (2.2 kb), showed significant telomere shortening (p<0.05)relative to BNL (2.9 kb). The findings imply that telomere attrition and telomerase activation differ betweenmalignant and benign tumours of the breast and may be important for targeted therapy.}, keywords = {Telomerase,Telomere Length,Breast,infiltrating ductal carcinoma,Fibroadenoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25269.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25269_d66fa98c07e9007ef2f0e7f681c4e1d4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cost Effectiveness of a Program to Promote Screening forCervical Cancer in the Vietnamese-American Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {717-722}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: To conduct a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the cost effectiveness of a lay health workeradministeredcervical cancer screening intervention for Vietnamese-American women. Methods: The study groupincluded 234 Vietnamese women in the Seattle, Washington area who had not received a Pap test in the last threeyears. Experimental group participants received a lay health worker home visit. The travel distance and timespent at each visit were recorded. Our trial end-point was Pap smear receipt within six months of randomization.Pap testing completion was ascertained through medical record reviews. Results: For all Vietnamese women,regardless of their prior history of screening, the cost per intervention was $104.0 (95% CI: $89.6-$118.4). Thechange in quality-adjusted life days per intervention was 1.26 (95% CI: -5.43-7.96), resulting in an incrementalcost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $30,015 per quality-adjusted life year. The probability that the ICER exceeds$100,000 is 9.1%. Conclusions: The degree of cost effectiveness of such interventions is sensitive to the assumedduration of behavioral change and the participants’ prior history of screening.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,Screening,Cost effectiveness,lay health worker}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25270.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25270_f1ae8837249942811e7ed2b10edf4a59.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Andrographis paniculata Downregulates ProinflammatoryCytokine Production and Augments Cell Mediated ImmuneResponse in Metastatic Tumor-Bearing Mice}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {723-729}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Effects of Andrographis paniculata extract and its major component, andrographolide, on cell-mediatedimmune responses in metastatic tumor bearing animals were studied. NK cell mediated target cell lysis wasenhanced by the administration of Andrographis paniculata extract (45.0% cell lysis) and andrographolide(40.2% cell lysis) on the 5th day after tumor induction when compared to untreated metastatic tumor bearinganimals in which maximum target cell lysis was observed on 11th day (11.4%). Antibody dependent cell-mediatedcytotoxicity (ADCC) was also enhanced by treatment with the extract (42.0% cell lysis) and andrographolide(40.2%) in comparison with the untreated case (11.0%). Similarly, the extract (25%) and andrographolide(22%) showed higher ACC activity than the control (14%) and treatment of extract and andrographolideresulted in significant increase in serum IL-2 and TIMP-1 levels. Furthermore, the levels of proinflammatorycytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, GM-CSF and TNF-α were effectively reduced by the administration of extractand andrographolide in metastatic tumor bearing animals.}, keywords = {Cytokines,Metastasis,NK cells,andrographolide,cell mediated immunity}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25271.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25271_4fe41e554a46461e195b093415579e09.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Role of Frozen Sections in the Evaluation of Moderate to SevereDysplasia during Uterine Cervix Conization}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {731-734}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The utility of frozen section examination (FSE) of cone specimens in evaluation of the resectionmargin status and in ruling out invasion in patients with high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia requiresevaluation. Methods: Twenty patients with high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia who underwent conizationbiopsy and frozen section examination were studied in a prospective trial from March 2008 through September2009. The results with permanent paraffin sections were compared with those of FSE. Results: Among the twentycases, 15 (75%) had the same results in frozen and permanent sections of cone biopsy specimens. Among theother 5 patients, 2 had high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in frozen sections and 2 showed a lower gradewhile only one case was found in which the FSE result was CIN3 while the permanent section showed invasivecarcinoma which was of clinical importance and considered as significant. Paired sample t-testing showed nosignificant difference in the results of the two groups of frozen and permanent sections (P=0.716, CI=95%).Conclusion: Frozen section evaluation of cervical cone biopsy specimens in patients with a diagnosis of CIN 3 isaccurate, efficient and cost-effective. Because of the great importance of missing even one case, further researchis highly recommended on this controversial subject.}, keywords = {Cervical cone biopsy,frozen section,high grade intraepithelial neoplasia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25272.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25272_a0bddc0c7a3b86cf6af5a680509cef1e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Reliability of the Kuwait Cancer Registry: A Comparisonbetween Breast Cancer Data Collected by Clinical Oncologistsand Registry Staff}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {735-738}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: The quality of cancer registration is of great importance and the present study was conducted to assessthe reliability of Kuwait Cancer Registry data on breast cancer. Methods: Data from the clinical records extractedby a group of clinical oncologists for another study on 1,235 breast cancer cases diagnosed between 1999 and2004 were used to audit the data held on these individuals by the Kuwait Cancer Registry (KCR). Only 902 casesmet the eligibility criteria. Main measures were sex, nationality, laterality, morphology, stage of disease at timeof admission to the center, type of treatment and status at last follow up (alive or dead). Results: Full or highagreement between registry data and clinical oncologists collected data was recorded for sex, nationality andlaterality. The rate of agreement for treatment with chemotherapy and status at last follow up was near perfect.Substantial agreement was also noted for morphology, tumor grade, TNM staging, surgical, radiotherapy andhormonal treatment. The majority of minor differences in morphology disagreements occurred when a morespecific description was stated by registry staff, while major disagreement occurred due to difference in thecodes used. Conclusions: The accuracy of the KCR data seems to be comparable to that found in reviews ofother cancer registries. Stage was the hardest variable for the registry to collect accurate information on. KCRdata could be improved by improving the quality of information provided to the registry.}, keywords = {Cancer registry data,Reliability,breast cancer,Clinical Records}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25273.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25273_140ffdabaf1610f75d51c8d45d3f60b7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Temporal Trends of Cancer Incidence in Vietnam, 1993-2007}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {739-745}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: There is a lack of an overview of overall and site-specific cancer incidence time trends in Vietnam,especially for the period after the year 2000. This paper aims at describing the development of cancer incidencefor some cancer sites during 1993-2007. Methods: The Age Standardized Rate (ASR) of cancer incidence datafrom population based cancer registries of Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh and Cantho cities were used to analyze temporarytrends of cancer incidence by site, age and sex group. Results: The ASR of cancer incidence increased from151.1/105 in the period 1993-1998 to 160.0/105 in the period 2006-2007 for males and from 106.8/105 to 143.9/105for females. By age, the highest ASR was found in the group of 75+ years in males and between 70-74 yearsin females, with ASRs of 1,109/105 and 619/105, respectively (2006-2007). Lung remains the most frequent site,followed by stomach and liver in males. In females, the most commonly affected site has shifted from cervixuteri in 1993-1998 to breast in recent years, followed by stomach and lung. Increasing trends were observed inincidence rates of 21 out of 34 cancer sites in males and 27 out of 35 cancer sites in females. Conclusion: Cancerincidences in general have continuously increased during 1993-2007. More efforts should be concentrated ondeveloping and implementing tobacco-related cancer prevention interventions.}, keywords = {cancer,Trends,incidence data,Viet Nam}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25274.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25274_781bba1587104a34c6ecff28f8cdef6f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Occult Micrometastasis to Bone Marrow in Early Lung Cancer:A Clinicopathologic Study from West Bengal, India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {747-751}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Although bone marrow micrometastasis may remain silent, its detection changes the staging and managementof lung cancer. In the present study conducted in West Bengal, India, 74 diagnosed bronchogenic carcinomacases (28 squamous cell carcinomas, 20 adenocarcinomas, 9 small cell carcinomas, 4 large cell carcinomas, 13unclassified) in early stages (stage I, II and IIIA) were included. Complete hemograms, bone marrow aspirationand cell blocks of aspirated material, trephine biopsy were done for detection of micrometastasis. Overallmicrometastases in bone marrow were noted in 17 cases (23.0%). We detected marrow metastasis in 44.4% casesof small cell carcinomas and 21.2% cases of non small cell lung cancer (50% of large cell carcinomas, 20% ofadenocarcinomas, 17.9% of squamous cell carcinomas) and 15.4% cases of unclassified carcinoma. We found astatistically significant correlation between marrow metastasis and low platelet count (P=0.0001) and high ESR(P=0.0003), but no significant correlation with hemoglobin percentage (P=0.36), total leukocyte count (P=0.58)and eosinophil count (P=0.44). A definite correlation noted between micrometastasis with the clinical stage (nocase in Stage I, 12.5% in Stage II, 30.4% in Stage IIIA patients). We emphasize that detection of micrometastasisis essential particularly in non small cell cancers, where treatment with curative intent is planned, which can besuitably done by morphological study of bone marrow aspirate and biopsy in countries like India.}, keywords = {lung carcinoma,micrometstasis,bone marrow aspiration/ biopsy,hematological parameters,clinical stage}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25275.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25275_70992a8914753389de78c2f13a76f714.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of Anti-Cancer and Anti-Oxidative Potential ofSyzygium Cumini Against Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) InducedGastric Carcinogenesis in Mice}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {753-758}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Syzygium cummini extract (SCE) was used in the present study to explore anti-tumor promoting activity ina stomach carcinogenesis model in mice. For this purpose, Swiss albino mice were administered with 1 mg ofbenzo-a-pyrene (BaP) in 100μl sesame oil by oral gavage twice a week for 4 consecutive weeks. The animals weresacrificed 14 weeks after the last administration of BaP. Oral administration of the extract to pre-treated (i.e.SCE as 25mg/kg b. wt./ day before BaP application for 2 weeks), post-treated (i.e. SCE after BaP applicationfor 8 weeks) and pre-post treated (i.e. SCE for 2 weeks before treatment of BaP followed by the concomitanttreatment with SCE and BaP for 4 weeks during & 2 weeks after the last dose of BaP) groups provided asignificant reduction in tumor incidence, tumor burden and cumulative number of gastric carcinomas alongwith a significant elevation of phase II detoxifying enzymes, and inhibition of lipid per oxidation in the stomach.Thus, the present data suggest that the Syzygium cummini extract has anti-tumor and anti-oxidative potentialagainst chemical induced stomach carcinogenesis.}, keywords = {Carcinogen,Chemoprevention,syzygium cummini,gastric tumor,antioxidants,phase II enzymes}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25276.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25276_59e1e25ac221a51078827b3795102cbe.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognostic Factors of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer PatientsReceiving Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Chemotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {759-761}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is known to be beneficial for down-staging patients with locallyadvanced breast cancer. Clinical stage, degree of cell differentiation and expression of estrogen/progesteronereceptors and HER2/neu are all prognostic factors that may effect survival of patients with locally advancedbreast cancer. The present study was conducted to determine their influence in a series of Indonesian patientsMaterials and Methods: The subjects were a total of 52 patients with locally advanced breast cancer in SardjitoGeneral Hospital Yogyakarta, from January 2003 to June 2006. Survival analysis with Kaplan Meier was testedfor age, clinical stage, degree of histological differentiation, estrogen-progesterone receptor (ER/PR), HER-2expression and neoadjuvant as well as adjuvant chemotherapy. To find the most important influencing factors,significant variables were tested with multivariate Cox regression. Result: Of the 52 patients with locallyadvanced breast cancer, most were between 40-60 years old (41, 78%), almost half were stage IIIA (23 ,44%),and the majority were negative for ER and PR (32, 61%). Her2 positivity was found in 29 patients (55%) and amoderate histological grade in 26 (50%). Thirty-nine patients were alive at the end of the study period (75%).There were no significant differences in survival between patients with and without adjuvant and neoadjuvantchemotherapy. Tumor characteristics that did influence survival were advanced stage (p<0.001) and histologicalgrade (p<0.001), while HER-2 and ER/PR hormonal status had no effect. Conclusion: Clinical stage and degreeof histological grade are the most significant prognostic factors for Indonesian locally advanced breast cancercases, while hormonal status and HER-2 did not appear impact on our patient’s survival.}, keywords = {locally advanced breast cancer,clinical stage,histological grade,Her-2,ER/PR,Indonesia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25277.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25277_a5c6b99102c6006d7ab02815c7002b9a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {LMP1 and LMP2 may be Prognostic Factors for Outcome ofTherapy in Nasopharyngeal Cancers in Indonesia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {763-766}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that is invasive and metastasizes easily. Inseveral Asian countries it is the most commonly found of the head and neck malignancies. Epstein Barr virus(EBV) infection is one of the agents causing NPC, so that expression of LMP1 and LMP2 may affect the outcomeof therapy, metastasis, recurrence, and survival of NPC patients. This study aimed to investigate their expressionin relation to therapy outcome and survival in a series of Indonesian NPC patients. The methods used werenested case control and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Differences in therapy outcome in relation to LMP1and LMP2 expression were analyzed through chi square statistics. As a result, in post treatment NPC, there wasa significant difference in therapy outcome between LMP2 (+) compared to LMP2 (-) (P = 0.001). There wasalso a significant difference in 24-months-survival between NPCs expressing LMP1 (+) or LMP2 (+) comparedto those expressing LMP1 (-) or LMP2 (-).}, keywords = {NPC,LMP1,LMP2,prognosis factors,Indonesia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25278.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25278_4c6b1181c2a2a46484af7aa70df525f8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The Usage and Knowledge of Mammogram among Women inSub-Urban Area in Terengganu, Malaysia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {767-771}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cancer in women today and the major challenge is late presentationthen later contributes to poor outcome and high fatality rate. Mammography is effective in early detection ofbreast cancer and consequently significantly improves the breast cancer survival. Materials and Methods: Thiscross-sectional study was used to study the knowledge and awareness towards mammogram amongst womenaged 15 years old and above. A systemic random sampling was applied and information gathered through guidedinterview by using a structured questionnaire. Results: Eighty-six respondents were recruited. The mean age ofrespondents was 40.5 years (SD: 15.51) and more than 80% had secondary and tertiary level of education. Thepercentage of respondents ever performed mammogram was 10.5% (95% CI: 4.0%-17.0%). The rate of correctanswers was between 8.1% and 48.8%. Most of the respondents do not sure the answer (45.3%-61.6%) ratherthan wrongly answer (4.7%-43.0%). Only about 8% truly answer that mammogram should be done once in alife. There are 10.5% of women claimed that mammogram had no serious side effect and not a painful procedure.Nearly half of respondents (48.8%) correctly mentioned that Mammogram can detect breast cancer in earlystage. Conclusion: Only a small percentage of women ever performed mammogram and there are seriouslyunaware and poor knowledge pertaining to mammography screening for breast cancer among women in suburban area. A massive health education campaign through multiple methods and agencies are needed to enhancethe knowledge and awareness on mammogram.}, keywords = {mammography,breast cancer,Knowledge}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25279.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25279_eabf523edfd121b03e942a4638684711.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The Evaluation of School of Health Students’ Knowledge andBehavior Of Healthy Life-styles of Related To Importance ToPrevent Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {773-776}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This study was planned as a descriptive evaluation of School of Health students knowledge and healthy lifestylebehavior related to prevention of cancer. The study has been carried out in Nursing, Midwifery and HealthOfficial Departments at Celal Bayar University School of Health, between November 2007 and January 2008. Thesubjects comprised 345 volunteer students. The data were collected using a questionnaire covering nutritionalstatus and attitudes related to the prevention from cancer, and results were assessed using the Health PromotionLifestyle Profile Scale. The mean age was 20.9 ± 2.01 years and 22.6% were male. Some 88.4% of the studentsconsidered cancer to be a preventable illness and 70.1% of them believed that it could be preventedby healthynutrition. The mean score of the Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile Scale was 124.8 (SD, 19.9). In conclusion, itwas found that students participating in this study have good level of knowledge on cancer prevention. Healthbehavior was found to be moderate.}, keywords = {cancer,Prevention,nutrition,behaviors of healthy life-styles}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25280.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25280_6a1b7c9459fd96b7575a873f7c9ce176.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cervical Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell CarcinomaIncidence Trends among Tunisian Women}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {777-780}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Uterine cervix cancer is an important public health problem in Tunisia. In this study, we reporttrends in the incidence of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri in the central regionof Tunisia during 1993-2006. Design: Data were obtained from the Cancer Registry of the Center of Tunisiawhich registers invasive cancer cases by active methods. Five-year age-specific rates, crude incidence rates (CR),world age-standardized rates (ASR), percent change (PC) and annual percent change (APC) were calculatedusing annual population data. Results: Among all women cancers, cervix uteri cancer accounted for 5.9% andranked the fourth during the study period with an ASR of 6.9 per 100,000. The ASRs decreased notably with anAPC of -6.7% over the whole period. However, incidence rates of adenocarcinomas have increased during thelast years (APC: +14.4%). Conclusion: The introduction of cytological screening programs has led to a markeddecrease of the incidence rates of cervix uteri cancer among Tunisian women. The data underline the fact thatthe population-based cancer registry is an indispensable tool for providing data for planning and evaluation ofprograms for cancer control.}, keywords = {Cervix uteri,cancer,Incidence,Epidemiology,Tunisia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25281.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25281_2f97b8a6c75bed2bc3ba1b6515700f47.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Analysis of CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A5*6 Gene Polymorphismsin Indian Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {781-784}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {CYP3A5 is a member of the CYP3A gene family which metabolizes 50% of therapeutic drugs and steroidhormones. CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A5*6 polymorphisms exhibit inter-individual differences in CYP3A5 expression.The CYP3A5*3 allele (A6986G transition in intron 3) results in loss of CYP3A5 expression and the CYP3A5*6allele (G14690A transition in exon 2, leading to the skipping of exon 7) is associated with lower CYP3A5 catalyticactivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate their influence on susceptibility to chronic myeloidleukemia (CML). 265 CML cases and 241 age and sex matched healthy controls were analyzed by the PCR-RFLPtechnique. The frequencies of homozygous 3/3 genotype and CYP3A5*3 allele were elevated significantly in theCML group compared to controls (χ2=93.15, df=2, p=0.0001). With respect to clinical parameters, CYP3A5*3allele frequency was increased in patients with advanced phase of the disease (0.71) as compared to those inchronic phase (0.65). Patients without hematological response (minor/poor) had higher frequency of 3/3 genotype(54.54%) as compared to those with major hematological response (41.2%). CYP3A5*6 allele was not observed incases as well as in controls. Our study suggests that the CYP3A5*3 gene polymorphism is significantly associatedwith the risk of CML development and disease progression.}, keywords = {CYP3A5 gene,Chronic myeloid leukemia,Single nucleotide polymorphism,PCR-RFLP,Response}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25282.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25282_0cef158ba1925f7942e9e6bc9527d495.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Symptomatology of Gynecological Malignancies: Experiencesin the Gynecology Out-Patient Clinic of a Tertiary CareHospital in Kolkata, India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {785-791}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: This cross-sectional observational study was undertaken in a gynecology out-patient clinic toidentify the symptoms suggestive of gynecological malignancies followed by histopathological confirmation of theirdiagnoses and to determine the proportion of the histopathologically confirmed cases specific to sites. Methods: Ina gynecology out-patient clinic in Kolkata, India, patients with symptoms suggestive of gynecological malignancieswere screened to identify possible cancer cases. Diagnoses were confirmed by histopathology. One hundredthirteen patients with histopathologically confirmed gynecological malignancies were interviewed further.Results: This study shows that 5.3% of the overall outpatients or nearly one-fourth (23.7%) of the patients withthe symptoms suggestive of gynecological malignancies was histopathologically confirmed as having gynecologicalmalignancies. Most of the patients (87.0%) with the symptoms suggestive of gynecological malignancies reportedexcessive, offensive with or without blood stained vaginal discharge, followed by irregular, heavy or prolongedvaginal bleeding (61.4%). The commonest histopathologically confirmed gynecological malignancy was cervicalcancer (61.9%), followed by ovarian cancer (23.9%). Conclusions: This study highlights the need to increase theawareness about the symptoms of gynecological malignancies among women and the community. Health carepersonnel have a major role to identify the warning symptoms early for further investigation of the possiblecases of gynecological malignancies.}, keywords = {Symptomatology,Screening,gynecological malignancies,Women}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25283.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25283_3bafa5e51f35d698424b535d69e59b4a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Case-Control Study of Occupational Categories and BreastCancer Risk in Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {793-797}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast cancer is common malignancy in Thai female. Although there are well established risk factors, manyenvironmental agents with an impact are still unknown especially with reference to occupation. The objective ofthis study was to investigate the risk of female breast cancer among different occupational categories in Thailand.A frequency-matched case-control study was conducted among Thai women aged 17-79 . A total of 516 pairs ofcases and controls were recruited at the Thai National Cancer Institute, Khon Kaen University Hospital andKhon Kaen Provincial Hospital during 2002-2004. Cases were newly diagnosed with histological confirmed breastcancers while controls were selected from healthy women matched by age (±5 years) and geographical area. Afterinformed consent was signed, information was obtained on occupation and other risk factors from each subjectusing an interviewer-administered and structured questionnaire. The International Standard Classificationof Occupations version 1968 (ISCO-68) was used to code for occupational categories. The relation betweenoccupational categories and breast cancer risk was evaluated by unconditional logistic regression analysis. Themean age of cases and controls were 46.9±10.6 and 47.8±9.9 years, respectively. Fifty-five percent of cases werepre-menopausal women. After adjusting for confounding factors by multiple logistic regression analysis, theresults showed that occupational category as production and related workers, transport equipment operatorsand labourers was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (OR=1.41 95% CI=1.01-1.97) and thisfinding was also supported by a statistically significant positive trend for duration of employment (p=0.01). Asignificantly decreased breast cancer risk was observed in clerks (OR=0.59, 95% CI=0.37-0.96). In conclusion,this study revealed that women who have lifetime occupation in an industrial setting may have higher risk todevelop breast cancer. Further studies are needed to assess occupational exposure in specific occupations.}, keywords = {Occupation,breast cancer,risk factor}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25284.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25284_996e42a128cc04efd97f1142c3bc6f27.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Analysis of Breast Self-Examination Training Efficiency inWomen between 20-60 Years of Age in Turkt}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {799-802}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This research was aimed at defining the application of breast self-examination (BSE) and its effectiveness.The subjects were 220 women aged 20-60 living at the centre of Cankiri and who consented to participate.Data were gathered through a BSE information form (IF). BSE Training Programme which is prepared by theresearchers is applied after the pre-test. One month after the training, a post-test was conducted one more timewith the IF. For analyses, chi square and Wilcoxon were used. Of the subjects, 6.4% had medical treatment forbreast cancer, 72.3% did not have a relative with breast cancer, 91.8% had heard about BSE, 88.2% of them arecapable of applying BSE if taught. The subjects, scored 84.2±26.7 before the training, and 94.0±16.4 afterwards,the difference being significant (z=-7.75, p<0.001) The training given to the women had a very important effecton increasing information of women about BSE.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Breast self examination,Training,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25285.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25285_944011c76d16eeae5f8426f56cb41f81.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Protective Effects of Ethanolic Extract Residue Isolated fromthe Bark of Terminalia Arjuna against DLA Tumour Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {803-808}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {An ethanolic herbal extract residue was prepared from the seeds of premature fruits of Terminalia arjunaLinn. Different concentrations of it were tested against 1×106 million Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) tumourcells. At a 200 μg/ml concentration it registered 90% toxicity. Then its effect on the lifespan of mice with DLAtumour cells was studied. At high and low dosages of 50 and 10 mg. b. wt. kg-1 of herbal extract residue, it exhibited87.5% and 60.4% increase in the lifespan, respectively. Blood parameters such as percentage Hb, RBC andWBC counts were conducted with tail vein blood samples. Hb and RBC counts of treated mice were higher thanthat of tumour bearing mice, while WBC counts were lower. This is a good index of tumour recovery. Furtherstudies were carried out on mice with solid tumours to record volumes, along with a lifespan study. Low dosageof the herbal extract residue was able to control the tumour volume 35.1% and 32.9% increase in the lifespanwas noted both at high and low dosages, respectively.}, keywords = {Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites,solid tumour,heamoglobin,RBC,WBC}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25286.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25286_f991a03d3e585d1617a959e09170ae6c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Breast Elastography: A Hospital-Based Preliminary Study inChina}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {809-814}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The performance of ultrasound elastography in the characterization of 170 breast lesions with histologiccorrelation was evaluated in 150 consecutive patients who were diagnosed as having benign or malignant masseson B mode sonography. Each lesion was classified with ACR’s BI-RADS lexicon (benign=2 and 3, malignant 4and 5) using Ueno elastography classification scores (benign=1-3, malignant=4-5). Of the 170 lesions, 70 werehistologically malignant, and 100 were benign. Ultrasound elastography was superior in detecting breast cancer,since the accuracy (95.8%), sensitivity (98.6%), specificity (96.0%), and positive predictive values (94.5%)were higher than those of B mode sonography (90.6%, 91.4%, 90.0% and 86.5% respectively). The sensitivity(98.57%) and false discovery rate (1.1%), when both modalities were jointly used (sonography and /UE) wasbetter then those of sonography and UE singly. However, the specificity (90%) was found similar to sonography.In conclusion, ultrasound elastography is superior to B mode sonography in assessing the nature of breast lesions.}, keywords = {Ultrasound elastography,Sonography,breast lesions,histopathology}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25287.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25287_a81eeeaff4b8ac2f043d1c39b1cbf956.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Negative Perception in Those at Highest Risk - PotentialChallenges in Colorectal Cancer Screening in an Urban AsianPopulation}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {815-822}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the second commonest malignancy in Malaysia, with thehighest incidence seen in the Chinese. The aim of this study is to examine the knowledge of CRC and to identifypotential barriers for screening, which has yet to be carried out on a nationwide scale. Methods: Subjects wererecruited consecutively from friends and relatives accompanying patients to the general medical clinic in a tertiaryhospital in Kuala Lumpur. Interviews were carried out using a standardized questionnaire for the Asia PacificCRC working group based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Results: 991 subjects were interviewed. Fromour study, 414 (41.8%), 500 (50.5%) and 646 (65.2%) could not identify any of the symptoms, risk factors andscreening methods for CRC respectively. Only 384 (38.7%) were agreeable to undergo screening. Independentfactors associated with willingness to undergo screening were as follows; Malay and Indian race compared tothe Chinese [aOR 2.73 (1.87, 3.98) and 3.04 (2.02, 4.59) respectively], perceived susceptibility, perceived barriersto screening, doctor’s recommendation and personal contact with CRC. Conclusions: Knowledge of CRC andCRC screening is low among the Malaysian population. The majority are not willing to undergo screening, theChinese paradoxically being the least willing despite being at greatest risk.}, keywords = {Colorectal cancer screening,Malaysia,ethnicity}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25288.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25288_831d53ee7f6f658d115c89d0b03fc478.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Colonoscopy with and without Occult Blood Test Pre-Screening:Which is more Cost Effective for Implementation for Screeningfor Colon Cancer?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {823-824}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Colon cancer is an important gastrointestinal cancer that has increasing prevalence in the present day.Screening for colon cancer is accepted as a method for colon cancer prevention. There are many methods forscreening for colon cancer. However, the best method is colonoscopy. Nevertheless, the simple classical methodas occult blood test is still widely used in clinical practice. Here, the author appraises on colonoscopy with andwithout occult blood test pre-screening. The aim is to compare the cost effectiveness and cost utility betweenthese two approaches. Based on the present appraisal, the colonoscopy without pre-screening occult blood testprovides more cost effectiveness than colonoscopy with such pre-screening.}, keywords = {colonoscopy,occult blood test,Screening,Colon,cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25289.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25289_45b2bb46ee3de6c10e159bdf852fd94e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Breast Cancer Pattern and Chemotherapy Response - anInstitutional Study in Pakistan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {825-830}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: This study was planned to audit female breast cancers and their chemotherapy in a busypublic sector institution. As a case-study, Pakistan provides an opportunity to explore the issue in a low-GDP,low-literacy, populous developing country. Method: Retrospective analysis of the records at Karachi Instituteof Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine. Results: A total of 3,431 female breast cancer patients presented during2001-2008, half being <45 years, mostly suffering from infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast. Further analyzinga subgroup of 183 consecutive patients over six months revealed that only 1.6% were at stage-I, whereas 75%had node-positive disease, including 19.1% with distant metastases. Some 41.6% were either high grade orpoorly differentiated. The low grade tumors showed a two-fold likelihood of ER and PR positivity as comparedto high grade lesions. 5-Flourouracil, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (FAC) constituted the most commonchemotherapy. Earlier diagnosis was associated with complete remission. Overall, 33% developed myelotoxicity,more often if age ≥45 years (p=0.012), out of which 60% needed active correction. All those patients who did notexperience a drop in total leukocyte count (TLC) below 4×109/L did not show complete remission. Conclusions:Infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast is the most common type. FAC is the most common chemotherapy.Tendency for late diagnosis, metastatic disease, treatment failure as well as leukopenia especially in ≥45 yearsis present. Failure to show leukopenia is suggestive of poor therapeutic outcome.}, keywords = {breast cancer,chemotherapy response,Asian,leukopenia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25290.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25290_759462481c4335f62d9c6073d5b3ca5a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Population Based Studies of Cancer Survival: Scope for theDeveloping Countries}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {831-838}, year = {2010}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Survival refers to the life of a person after diagnosis of disease, and survival studies have the objective ofevaluating the overall performance of a group of patients in terms of quality and quantity of life after the diagnosisor treatment. Potentially there are two approaches for the study of population-based survival; direct (classical)and indirect. The direct approach refers to defining a cohort of patients and collecting follow-up information,whereas the indirect approach uses current data on incidence and mortality for estimating various segmentsof life. In general, there are numerous difficulties in the conduct of population-based survival studies by theclassical method, especially in the set-up of developing countries. These include time and finance required forthe conduct of the study, the problem of loss to follow-up and also the time gap between the year of diagnosis ofpatients and the availability of results on their survival. In fact the problem of time gap is recognized even in thedeveloped world. There have been many studies highlighting these problems and suggesting potential solutions.Generally they have focused on three directions: viz, improving the address information and thereby reducingthe loss to follow-up; development of methodologies to deal with the losses to follow-up and indirect studies ofcancer survival, thereby obviating the follow-up process. This commentary covers the potential approaches ofpopulation-based survival studies, classical survival studies, problems in the same, and methods adopted fortheir solution. A summary of the conceptual and methodological developments on these concepts, highlightingthe scope for the developing countries, is also presented.}, keywords = {cancer,survival study,classical approach,indirect approach,India,Developing countries}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25291.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_25291_12f22c9ef2c600461be6d2537d8288f0.pdf} }