@article { author = {}, title = {Revisiting Use of Growth Factors in Myelodysplastic Syndromes}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1081-1091}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a heterogeneous group of clonal hematologic neoplasms characterized by morphologic dysplasia, aberrant hematopoiesis and peripheral blood refractory cytopenias. MDS is recognized to be associated with an increased risk of symptomatic anemia, infectious complications and bleeding diathesis, as well as a risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia, particularly in patients with a high IPSS score. The advent of use of hematopoietic growth factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) has improved symptoms in MDS patients in addition to some data that suggest there might be an improvement in survival. G-CSF is an effective therapeutic option in MDS patients, and it should be considered for the management of refractory symptomatic cytopenias. G-CSF and EPO in combination can improve outcomes in appropriate MDS patients such as those with lower-risk MDS and refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS) . This article reviews use of growth factors for lower-risk MDS patients, and examines the data for G-CSF, EPO and thrombopietic growth factors (TPO) that are available or being developed as therapeutic modalities for this challenging disease.}, keywords = {Myelodysplastic syndromes,Anemia,G-CSF,erythropoiesis stimulating agents}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26297.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26297_2b4cc24fbfb9fbbe28a5c117aed3929c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Socio-Demographic and Behavioural Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer and Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in Rural and Urban Areas of North Bengal, India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1093-1096}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Cervical cancer is common among women worldwide. A multitude of risk factors aggravatethe disease. This study was conducted to: (1) determine the prevalence and (2) make a comparative analysis ofthe socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors of cervical cancer and knowledge, attitude and practicebetween rural and urban women of North Bengal, India. Study Design: Community-based cross-sectional study.Methods: A survey (first in North Bengal) was conducted among 133 women in a rural area (Kawakhali) and88 women in an urban slum (Shaktigarh) using predesigned semi-structured questionnaires. The respondentswere informed of the causes (including HPV), signs and symptoms, prevention of cervical cancer and treatment,and the procedure of the PAP test and HPV vaccination. Results: The prevalence of risk factors like multiparity,early age of marriage, use of cloth during menstruation, use of condom and OCP, early age of first intercoursewas 37.2%, 82%, 83.3%, 5.4%, 15.8% and 65.6% respectively. Awareness about the cause, signs and symptoms,prevention of cervical cancer, PAP test and HPV vaccination was 3.6%, 6.3%, 3.6%, 9.5% and 14.5% respectively.Chi-square testing revealed that in the study population, significant differential at 5% exists between rural andurban residents with respect to number of children, use of cloth/sanitary napkins, family history of cancer andawareness regarding causes of cervical cancer. Regarding KAP, again using chi-square tests, surprisingly, levelof education is found to be significant for each element of KAP in urban areas in contrast to complete absence ofassociation between education and elements of KAP in rural areas. Conclusions: A large number of risk factorswere present in both areas, the prevalence being higher in the rural areas. The level of awareness and role ofeducation appears to be insignificant determinants in rural compared to urban areas. This pilot study needs tobe followed up by large scale programmes to re-orient awareness campaigns, especially in rural areas.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,HPV,Pap test,risk factor,Chi-square test,rural urban differentials}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26298.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26298_e73d70143926839642144a3724161d93.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Pristimerin Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Migration by Upregulating Regulator of G Protein Signaling 4 Expression}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1097-1104}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background/Aim: Pristimerin isolated from Celastrus and Maytenus spp can inhibit proteasome activity.However, whether pristimerin can modulate cancer metastasis is unknown. Methods: The impacts of pristimerinon the purified and intracellular chymotrypsin proteasomal activity, the levels of regulator of G protein signaling4 (RGS 4) expression and breast cancer cell lamellipodia formation, and the migration and invasion weredetermined by enzymatic, Western blot, immunofluorescent, and transwell assays, respectively. Results: We foundthat pristimerin inhibited human chymotrypsin proteasomal activity in MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependentmanner. Pristimerin also inhibited breast cancer cell lamellipodia formation, migration, and invasion in vitroby up-regulating RGS4 expression. Thus, knockdown of RGS4 attenuated pristimerin-mediated inhibition ofbreast cancer cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, pristimerin inhibited growth and invasion of implantedbreast tumors in mice. Conclusion: Pristmerin inhibits proteasomal activity and increases the levels of RGS4,inhibiting the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.}, keywords = {Pristimerin,anti-cancer,proteasome inhibition,RGS4,breast cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26299.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26299_d5e281e650bc116b49ef448834dc7d2d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effect of Comprehensive Breast Care on Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Community Hospital Based Study from Mumbai, India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1105-1109}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women in India and the disease burden is increasingannually. The lack of awareness initiatives, structured screening, and affordable treatment facilities continueto result in poor survival. We present a breast cancer survival scenario, in urban population in India, wherestandardised care is distributed equitably and free of charge through an employees’ healthcare scheme. Westudied 99 patients who were treated at our hospital during the period 2005 to 2010 and our follow-up rates were95.95%. Patients received evidence-based standardised care in line with the tertiary cancer centre in Mumbai.One-, three- and five-year survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Socio-demographic,reproductive and tumor factors, relevant to survival, were analysed. Mortality hazard ratios (HR) were calculatedusing Cox proportional hazard method. Survival in this series was compared to that in registries across India anddiscrepancies were discussed. Patients mean age was 56 years, mean tumor size was 3.2 cms, 85% of the tumorsbelonged to T1 and T2 stages, and 45% of the patients belonged to the composite stages I and IIA. Overall 5-yearsurvival was 74.9%. Patients who presented with large-sized tumors (HR 3.06; 95% CI 0.4-9.0), higher compositestage (HR 1.91; 0.55-6.58) and undergone mastectomy (HR 2.94; 0.63- 13.62) had a higher risk of mortalitythan women who had higher levels of education (HR 0.25; 0.05-1.16), although none of these results reached thesignificant statistical level. We observed 25% better survival compared to other Indian populations. Our resultsare comparable to those from the European Union and North America, owing to early presentation, equitableaccess to standardised free healthcare and complete follow-up ensured under the scheme. This emphasises thatequitable and affordable delivery of standardised healthcare can translate into early presentation and bettersurvival in India.}, keywords = {breast cancer,breast awareness,Healthcare,prognosis factors,survival rate,India}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26300.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26300_54b54f2f1915b3b6454051621b336ade.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The Estrogen Receptor Negative-Progesterone Receptor Positive Breast Carcinoma is a Biological Entity and not a Technical Artifact}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1111-1113}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The ER-/PR+ breast tumor may be the result of a false ER negative result. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in patient and tumor characteristics of the ER-/PR+ phenotype in an Asian setting. A total of 2629 breast cancer patients were categorized on the basis of their age, ethnicity, tumor hormonal receptor phenotype, grade and histological type. There were 1230 (46.8%) ER+/PR+, 306 (11.6%) ER+/PR-, 122 (4.6%) ER-/PR+ and 972 (37%) ER-/PR-. ER-/PR+ tumors were 2.5 times more likely to be younger than 50 years at diagnosis (OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.72-3.67). Compared to ER+/PR+ tumors, the ER-/PR+ phenotype was twice more likely to be associated with grade 3 tumors (OR:2.02; 95%CI: 1.00-4.10). In contrast, compared to ER-/PR- tumors, the ER-/PR+ phenotype was 90% less likely to be associated with a grade 3 tumor (OR: 0.12; 95%CI:0.05-0.26), and more likely to have invasive lobular than invasive ductal histology (OR: 3.66; 95%CI: 1.47-9.11). These results show that the ER-/PR+ phenotype occurs in a younger age group and is associated with intermediate histopathological characteristics compared to ER+/PR+ and ER-/PR- tumors. This may imply that it is a distinct entity and not a technical artifact.}, keywords = {breast cancer,hormonal receptors,ER-PR+ subtype,biological entity}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26301.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26301_557bfa84fa198fec6fb30c45b8d3e3fa.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Modifying Effect of Diallyl Sulfide on Colon Carcinogenesis in C57BL/6J-ApcMin/+ Mice}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1115-1118}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Diallyl sulfide (DAS), a flavoring compound derived from garlic, is considered to have cancerchemopreventive potential in experimental animals and humans. This study was designated to examinepossible chemopreventive effects of DAS on colon carcinogenesis using genetically engineered transgenicApcMin/+ mice, a well-established animal model for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and sporadiccolorectal cancer. Male C57BL/6J-ApcMin/+ mice were divided into three groups. Animals of group 1 wereplaced on the basal diet (AIN-76A) as non-treated controls. Animals of groups 2 and 3 were given DAScontainingdiets (in doses of 100 and 300 ppm, respectively). All mice were sacrificed at the end of week10 of the experiment. Histopathological investigation revealed that the incidence of colonic polyps wasdecreased dose-dependently by 19% (13/16) in group 2 and by 32% (13/20) in group 3 compared to the100% incidence (10/10) in group 1. The multiplicity of colonic polyps per mouse was also slightly decreasedby DAS treatment (1.88±0.35 in group 2 and 1.63±0.36 in group 3) compared to 2.00±0.39 in group 1. Onthe other hand, there were no significant differences in the numbers of total polyps per mouse in the smallintestine between the groups. Taken together, we suggest that DAS may exert promising inhibitory effectson colon carcinogenesis in the transgenic ApcMin/+ mice.}, keywords = {Diallyl sulfide (DAS),C57BL/6J-ApcMin/+,multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min),Chemoprevention}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26302.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26302_59fe9f71d1d8e3b76dcb2a2c75d9178c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Baicalin Induces Apoptosis in Leukemia HL-60/ADR Cells via Possible Down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1119-1124}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The effect and possible mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, baicalin, on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in drug-resistant human myeloid leukemia HL-60/ADR cells have been investigated inthis current study. Methods: HL-60/ADR cells were treated by 20, 40, 80 μmol/L baicalin followed by cell cycleanalysis at 24h. The mRNA expression level of the apoptosis related gene, Bcl-2 and bad, were measured byRT-PCR on cells treated with 80 μmol/L baicalin at 12, 24 and 48hr. Western blot was performed to detect thechanges in the expression of the proteins related to HL-60/ADR cell apoptosis and the signaling pathway beforeand after baicalin treatment, including Bcl-2, PARP, Bad, Caspase 3, Akt, p-Akt, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, mTOR andp-mTOR. Results: Sub-G1 peak of HL-60/ADR cells appeared 24 h after 20 μmol/L baicalin treatment, andthe ratio increased as baicalin concentration increased. Cell cycle analysis showed 44.9% G0/G1 phase cells24 h after baicalin treatment compared to 39.6% in the control group. Cells treated with 80 μmol/L baicalindisplayed a trend in decreasing of Bcl-2 mRNA expression over time. Expression level of the Bcl-2 and PARPproteins decreased significantly while that of the PARP, Caspase-3, and Bad proteins gradually increased. Nosignificant difference in Akt expression was observed between treated and the control groups. However, theexpression levels of p-Akt, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, mTOR and p-mTOR decreased significantly in a time-dependentmanner. Conclusions: We conclude that baicalin may induce HL-60/ADR cell apoptosis through the PI3K/AKTsignaling pathway.}, keywords = {Baicalin,HL-60/ADR cells,AKT signaling pathway,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26303.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26303_ef088e28f8571f78b5169e0f4d705129.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Exploring Factors Influencing Smoking Behaviour in Malaysia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1125-1130}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The objective of present study is to investigate the determinants of smoking behaviour among adultsin Malaysia. Method: Findings of the Third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-3) by the Ministryof Health, Malaysia, were used. The sample consisted of 34,539 observations. A logistic regression model wasthus applied to estimate the probability to participate in smoking. Results: Age, income, gender, marital status,ethnicity, employment status, residential area, education, lifestyle and health status were statistically significantin affecting the likelihood of smoking. Specifically, youngsters, low income earners, males, unmarried individuals,Malays, employed individuals, rural residents and primary educated individuals were more likely to smoke.Conclusion: In conclusion, socio-demographic, lifestyle and health factors have significant impacts on smokingparticipation in Malaysia. Based on these empirical findings, several policy implications are suggested.}, keywords = {Cigarette smoking behaviour,determinants,Tobacco policy,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26304.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26304_6dab02616eda0c9e2ec05a2a357e92d4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Interoperative Radiotherapy of Seventy-two Cases of Early Breast Cancer Patients During Breast-conserving Surgery}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1131-1135}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate interoperative radiotherapy after breast conservative surgery in early breast cancerpatients in terms of postoperative complications, cosmetic outcome and recurrence events. Methods: FromJune 2007 to Dec 2011, 143 early breast cancer patients received breast conservative surgery. Seventy-two(study group) received interoperative radiotherapy, compared with 71 patients (control group) given routineradiotherapy. Postoperative complications were evaluated 1 month after surgery; cosmetic outcome was evaluated1 year postoperatively; recurrence and death events were followed up. Results: The average wound healingtime was 13~22 d in the study group and 9~14 d in the control group. In the study group, 2 patients developedlyponecrosis, 16 patients showed wound edema while no such side effects were found in the control group. Noinfection or hematomas were found in either group. In the study group (59 cases), overall cosmetic outcome in 53patients was graded as excellent or good, and in 6 as fair or poor. Meanwhile in the control group (56 cases), 42patients were graded as excellent or good, and 14 as fair or poor (P=0.032). After a follow-up from 3 to 54 months(median: 32 months), two patients (2.78%) in study group developed local relapses, one of them (1.39%) died,2 patients (2.78%) developed bone metastases. In control group, one patient (1.41%) developed local relapse, 2patients (2.82%) developed bone metastases, and no one died. Conclusion: Intraoperative radiotherapy is safeand reliable with good cosmetic outcome.}, keywords = {Breast Neoplasm,radiotherapy,breast conservative surgery}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26305.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26305_9982a59ea38e5b99d8907237ea9db897.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Meta-analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells as a Prognostic Marker in Lung Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1137-1144}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Recent studies have shown that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play potential roles asdiagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with various cancer types. The aim of this study was to comprehensivelyand quantitatively summarize the evidence for the use of CTCs to predict the survival outcome of lung cancerpatients. Materials and Methods: Relevant literature was identified using Medline and EMBASE. Patients’ clinicalcharacteristics, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) together with CTC positive rates atdifferent time points (before, during and after treatment) were extracted. A meta-analysis was performed toclarify the prognostic role of CTCs and the correlation between the CTC appearance and clinical characteristics.Results: A total of 12 articles containing survival outcomes and clinical characteristics and 15 articles containingonly clinical characteristics were included for the global meta-analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) for OS predictedby pro-treatment CTCs was 2.61 [1.82, 3.74], while the HR for PFS was 2.37 [1.41, 3.99]. The HR for OSpredicted by post-treatment CTCs was 4.19 [2.92, 6.00], while the HR for PFS was 4.97 [3.05, 8.11]. Subgroupanalyses were conducted according to histological classification and detection method. Odds ratio (OR) showedthe appearance of pro-treatment CTCs correlated with the lymph node status, distant metastasis, and TNMstaging, while post-treatment CTCs correlated with TNM staging only. Conclusion: Detection of CTCs in theperipheral blood indicates a poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer.}, keywords = {Lung cancer,circulating tumor cells,Prognosis,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26306.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26306_5c62622a7269fefd51b09f36a5326bb3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Lack of Association between the hOGG1 Ser326Cys Polymorphism and Gastric Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1145-1149}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: To clarify any association between the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and susceptibility to gastriccancer. Methods: A meta-analysis based on 11 eligible case-control studies involving 5,107 subjects was carriedout to summarize the data on the association between hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and gastric cancer risk.Results: No association was found between hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and gastric cancer risk (dominantmodel: OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.83-1.09, p = 0.486, ph (p values for heterogeneity) = 0.419; additive model: OR =1.02, 95% CI: 0.81-1.30, p = 0.850, ph = 0.181; recessive model: OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.80-1.48, p = 0.586, ph =0.053). Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity (Asian and Caucasian) and smoking status (ever smoker and neversmoker) did did notpresent any significant association. Sensitivity analysis did not perturb the results. Conclusions:This study strongly suggested there might be no association between the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism andgastric cancer risk. However, larger scale studies are needed for confirmation.}, keywords = {HOGG1,Polymorphism,Gastric cancer,risk factors,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26307.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26307_7e865698a1d4fa9f6125b21282b69c5c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {High-risk Human Papillomavirus Genotype Detection by Electrochemical DNA Chip Method}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1151-1158}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes are the major cause of cervical cancer. Hence, HPVgenotype detection is a helpful preventive measure to combat cervical cancer. Recently, several HPV detectionmethods have been developed, each with different sensitivities and specificities. The objective of this study was tocompare HPV high risk genotype detection by an electrochemical DNA chip system, a line probe assay (INNOLiPA)and sequencing of the L1, E1 regions. A total of 361 cervical smears with different cytological findingswere subjected to polymerase chain reaction-sequencing and electrochemical DNA chip assessment. Multipleinfections were found in 21.9% (79/361) of the specimens, most prevalently in 20-29-year olds while the highestprevalence of HPV infection was found in the 30-39-year age group. The most prevalent genotype was HPV 16at 28.2% (138/489) followed by HPV 52 at 9.6% (47/489), with the other types occurring at less than 9.0%. Theelectrochemical DNA chip results were compared with INNO-LiPA and sequencing (E1 and L1 regions) based onrandom selection of 273 specimens. The results obtained by the three methods were in agreement except for threecases. Direct sequencing detected only one predominant genotype including low risk HPV genotypes. INNO-LiPAidentified multiple infections with various specific genotypes including some unclassified-risk genotypes. Theelectrochemical DNA chip was highly accurate, suitable for detection of single and multiple infections, allowedrapid detection, was less time-consuming and was easier to perform when compared with the other methods.It is concluded that for clinical and epidemiological studies, all genotyping methods are perfectly suitable andprovide comparable results.}, keywords = {Genotyping,high-risk human papillomavirus,DNA chip}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26308.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26308_86a68f6edfc6050ec9f6c6c8770c5f43.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Projecting the Radiation Oncology Workforce in Australia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1159-1166}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Research on radiation oncologists has indicated that there is a shortage in supply of specialist workers in thisfield internationally, and also within Australia. However, there are no current estimates as to what the futureAustralian radiotherapy workforce will look like. This paper aims to review the current status and capacity ofthe three main disciplines that make up the radiation oncology workforce in Australia and project the workforcesupply and demand for 2014 and 2019. Using data on the workforce from a survey of all radiotherapy facilitiesoperating in Australia in 2008 a workforce model was constructed. This study found that there will be a futureshortfall of radiation oncologists, radiation therapists and radiation oncology medical physicists working inradiation oncology treatment. By 2014 there will be 109 fewer radiation oncologists than what will be demanded,and by 2019 this figure will increase to a shortfall of 155 radiation oncologists. There was a projected shortfall of612 radiation therapists by 2014, with this figure slightly decreasing to a shortfall of 593 radiation therapists in2019. In 2014, there was projected to be a deficit of 104 radiation oncology medical physicists with a persistingshortfall of 78 in 2019. This future projected shortage highlights the need for radiation oncology workforceplanning.}, keywords = {Radiation oncology,Workforce,Planning,Australia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26309.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26309_b0935774b1e897a3085b68cd383df50c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Status of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Migrant Workers in Shijiazhuang, China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1167-1170}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Helicobacter pylori infection leads to many upper gastrointestinal diseases. Migrant workersare the main part of floating population in China. However, up to now, their health status has not been a focus ofattention. Methods: In order to assess the status of H. pylori infection among migrant workers in Shijiazhuang,over five years we interviewed 324 individuals between 2007 and 2011. Each underwent a rapid urease test toidentify H. pylori infection and socio-demographic indicators were collected using a survey questionnaire. Results:Our results showed that family income (P = 0.003), dietetic hygiene (P = 0.005), education (P = 0.004) and maritalstatus (P = 0.007) were associated with H. pylori infection. Conclusion: We found that migrant workers had littlebasic knowledge of H. pylori and their prevalence of infection remains high. Therefore, we need to promoteeducation and awareness of H. pylori and to ensure access to diagnosis and treatment for infected workers.}, keywords = {Helicobacter pylori,migrant workers,fast urease test,Shijiazhuang,socio-demographic characteristics}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26310.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26310_9e32731db12bede7c47d58a50b936ddd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Multivariate Analysis of the Prognosis of 37 Chondrosarcoma Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1171-1176}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The current study aimedto screen for possible factors which affect prognosis of chondrosarcoma.Methods: Thirty seven cases were selected and analyzed statistically. The patients received surgical treatmentat our hospital between December 2005 and March 2008. All of them had complete follow-up data. The survivalrates were calculated by univariate analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method and tested by Log-rank. χ2 orFisher exact tests were carried out for the numeration data. The significant indexes after univariate analysiswere then analyzed by multivariate analysis using COX regression model. Based on the literature, factors ofgender, age, disease course, tumor location, Enneking grades, surgical approaches, distant metastasis andlocal recurrence were examined. Results: Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences inEnneking grades, surgical approaches and distant metastasis related to the patients’ 3-year survival rate aftersurgery (P<0.001). No significant difference was not found in gender, age, disease course, tumor location or localrecurrence (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that Enneking grade (P=0.007) and surgical approaches(P=0.010) were independent factors affecting the prognosis of chondrosarcoma, but distant metastasis was not(P=0.942). Conclusion: Enneking grades, surgical approaches and distant metastasis are risk factors for prognosisof chondrosarcoma, among which the former two are independent factors.}, keywords = {Chondrosarcoma,Prognostic factors,univariate analysis,multivariate analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26311.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26311_5406af057b5669f2012356dbc756aeb9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Suppressive Effect of Maslinic Acid on PMA-induced Protein Kinase C in Human B-Lymphoblastoid Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1177-1182}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in carcinogenesis and displays variable expression profilesduring cancer progression. Studies of dietary phytochemicals on cancer signalling pathway regulation havebeen conducted to search for potent signalling regulatory agents. The present study was designed to evaluateany suppressive effect of maslinic acid on PKC expression in human B-lymphoblastoid cells (Raji cells), and toidentify the PKC isoforms expressed. Effects of maslinic acid on PKC activity were determined using a PepTag®assay for non-radioactive detection of PKC. The highest expression in Raji cells was obtained at 20 nM PMAinduced for 6 hours. Suppressive effects of maslinic acid were compared with those of four PKC inhibitors (H-7, rottlerin, sphingosine, staurosporine) and two triterpenes (oleanolic acid and ursolic acid). The IC50 valuesachieved for maslinic acid, staurosporine, H-7, sphingosine, rottlerin, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were11.52, 0.011, 0.767, 2.45, 5.46, 27.93 and 39.29 μM, respectively. Four PKC isoforms, PKC βI, βII, δ, and ζ, wereidentified in Raji cells via western blotting. Maslinic acid suppressed the expression of PKC βI, δ, and ζ in aconcentration-dependent manner. These preliminary results suggest promising suppressive effects of maslinicacid on PKC activity in Raji cells. Maslinic acid could be a potent cancer chemopreventive agent that may beinvolved in regulating many downstream signalling pathways that are activated through PKC receptors.}, keywords = {Protein kinase C,maslinic acid,Raji cell s- PMA,cancer chemoprevention}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26312.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26312_eeba5f331cfba1703b9745c27d8bde6e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effect of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 on Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression in Hepatic Carcinoma SMMC7721 Cells through the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1183-1186}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To observe the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)-2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells. Methods: Cells were divided into blankcontrol, IGF-1, IGF-1 + SB203580, and SB203580 groups. SB203580 was used to block the p38 MAPK signalingpathway. Changes in the expression of BMP-2, p38 MAPK, and phosphorylated p38, MERK, ERK and JNKwere determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis.Results: Protein expression of phosphorylated BMP-2, MERK, ERK, and JNK was significantly up-regulatedby IGF-1 compared with the control group (1.138 ± 0.065 vs. 0.606 ± 0.013, 0.292 ± 0.005 vs. 0.150 ± 0.081,0.378 ± 0.006 vs. 0.606 ± 0.013, and 0.299 ± 0.015 vs. 0.196 ± 0.017, respectively; P < 0.05). Levels of BMP-2 andphosphorylated MERK and JNK were significantly reduced after blocking of the p38MAPK signaling pathway(0.494 ± 0.052 vs. 0.165 ± 0.017, 0.073 ± 0.07 vs. 0.150 ± 0.081, and 0.018 ± 0.008 vs. 0.196 ± 0.017, respectively; P< 0.05), but such a significant difference was not observed for phosphorylated ERK protein expression (0.173 ±0.07 vs. 0.150 ± 0.081, P > 0.05). Conclusion: IGF-1 can up-regulate BMP-2 expression, and p38 MAPK signalingpathway blockage can noticeably reduce the up-regulated expression. We can conclude that the up-regulatoryeffect of IGF-1 on BMP-2 expression is realized through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.}, keywords = {insulin-like growth factor-1,BMP-2,p38 MAPK,hepatic carcinoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26313.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26313_ad4a56019e6942edf8250b8165ef853b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cancer Screening Status in Korea, 2011: Results from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1187-1191}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This study was conducted to determine the use of screening for stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, andcervical cancers, which are included in the Korean National Cancer Screening Programme. In 2011 theNational Cancer Centre in Korea conducted a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional interviewsurvey using multi-stage random sampling. Participants included 4,100 cancer-free men 40 years and overof age and women over 30 years of age. The lifetime screening rates for stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, andcervical cancers were 76.2%, 54.3%, 56.1%, 79.0%, and, 74.8%, respectively. The rates of recommendedscreening for stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancers were 64.6%, 22.9%, 35.3%, 60.4%,and 62.4%, respectively. More than 70% of all screening was attributed to organised cancer screeningprogrammes. The main reason given for non attendance was ‘no symptoms’. A greater effort is needed toincrease screening rates, especially for liver and colorectal cancers.}, keywords = {cancer screening,Early Detection of Cancer,national cancer screening programme}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26314.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26314_5b6b9cd469b1c28dccd0dbd28887f744.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Knowledge and Practices on Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Methods among Female Health Care Workers: A Sri Lankan Experience}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1193-1196}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast and cervical cancer are the most common causes of cancer mortality among women worldwide, butthey are largely preventable. There are limited data on knowledge and practices on screening methods of breastand cervical cancers among female health care workers in Sri Lanka, in spite of having an organized screeningprogramme islandwide. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 219 female health care workers includingpublic health midwives (68.9%) selected from 6 districts in Sri Lanka using convenient sampling methods. Aself-administered questionnaire was used as a pre-test in a capacity building training programme to collect thedata. The mean (SD) duration of work experience of the respondents was 12 years and 52.5% were aged over35 years. Most (76.7%) were married, and afamily history of cancer was reported by 24.2%. Over 98% knewabout self breast examination. Even though 84.1% practiced it, only 47.9% practiced it on a monthly basis.Clinical breast examination and mammography were known by 94.1% and 64.3% respectively. Only 19.2%had undergone a clinical braest examination within one year and 3.6% had ever undergone a mamography.Only 76.3% knew that a Pap smear detects precancerous stage of cervical cancer. Among 169 married workers,73.4% had never had a Pap smear and only 17.2% had got it done within the preceding 5 years. Among thereasons for not doing a pap smear within 5 years, 47.0% belived it as not nescessary, 17.3% due to fear/dislike,23.2% as not having symptoms, 3% had not known about it and 3% not known about availability of services.The study findings suggest that the knowledge and practices on breast and cervical cancer screening methodsamong female health care workers need to be improved. Considering the role that health care workers play incommunicating health behaviors to the general public, strengthening health education interventions for thisgroup of females is essential.}, keywords = {breast cancer,cervical cancer,Screening,health workers,Sri Lankan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26315.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26315_e0d1899c655d8a4e4dc416741c370314.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Operable HER-2 Overexpressing Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1197-1201}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To study the relationship between clinical pathologic characteristics, treatment modalities andprognostic factors in HER-2 (Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-2) overexpressed breast carcinoma.Materials and Methods: Major clinico-pathological factors including therapeutic modalities and survival statusof 371 breast cancer patients with HER2 over-expression, teated at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from March of2002 to December of 2010 were retrospectively studied, with special attention focused on survival-related factors.Results: The median age of the total 371 patients in this study was 48 years at time of diagnosis, among which,the leading pathological type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (92.5%); 62.8% presented with a primary tomorlarger than 2 cm in diameter at diagnosis, 51.0% had axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases; ER (Estrogenreceptor) /PR (Progesterone receptor) double negative occured in 52.8% of cases, and PCNA (proliferation cellnuclear antigen) (+++) was found in 55.1%. HER-2 overexpressed patients were usually in advanced stage whenthe diagnosis was made (72.8% at stages ⅡA~ⅢC). The prognosis and survival were assessed in 259 patientswith complete follow-up data. 5-year DFS (disease-free survival) and OS (overall survival) rate was 68.0% and78.0% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that age, tumor size, ALN metastases, LVSI (lymph-vascularspace involvement), PCNA status, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy cycles, and HER-2 overexpression, correlatedclosely with the prognosis. ALN metastases, LVSI, PCNA status and chemotherapy cycles were independentpredictors of survival. Conclusions: HER-2 overexpressed breast cancer has special clinical and pathologicalcharacteristics, with advanced clinical stages and high rate of ER/PR double negative. Lymph node metastases,LVSI, PCNA and chemotherapy cycles are independent predictors of prognosis.}, keywords = {breast cancer,HER2 overexpression,Clinicopathology,Prognosis,multivariate analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26316.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26316_0520e8e9cc2f216cf2cb6a73c5f14118.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {MTHFR C677T Polymorphism and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Asians, a Meta-analysis of 21 Studies}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1203-1208}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Previous studies concerning the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk in Asian populations generated conflicting results.A meta-analysis was therefore performed to allow a more reliable estimate of any link. Methods: Relevantstudies concerning the association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of colorectal cancer wereincluded into this meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was assessed according to a predefined scale. Oddsratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined for this gene-disease association using fixedor random effect models according to the heterogeneity between included studies. Results: Finally, 21 studieswith a total of 6692 cases and 8266 controls were included. Meta-analyses showed that there was an obviousassociation of the MTHFR 677T allele with decreased risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 0.91, 95%CI=0.85-0.98,P=0.011). Subgroup analyses by country further identified this association, with dietary folate as the main sourceof heterogeneity. Conclusion: The MTHFR 677T allele is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer inAsian populations, and there is effect modification by population plasma folate.}, keywords = {MTHFR C677T,colorectal cancer,Polymorphism,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26317.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26317_aa891e041bdf540e4b86c0d672a96fc1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Hypersensitivity Reactions to Oxaliplatin: Clinical Features and Risk Factors in Koreans}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1209-1215}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Aim: Oxaliplatin hypersensitivity is a well-known adverse reaction but the prevalencevaries and data for frequency and clinical features have not been reported for Korea. Here we evaluatesthe prevalence and risk factors for hypersensitivity reactions to oxaliplatin after chemotherapy. Methods:Clinical information on all patients treated with oxaliplatin was retrospectively reviewed in electronicmedical records between August 2009 and July 2010 in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Patientswho experienced hypersensitivity reactions to oxaliplatin were compared with those who did not. Results: Atotal of 393 patients received oxaliplatin, with 42 (10.7%) experiencing hypersensitivity reactions includingthree cases of anaphylaxis. Median cycle of the first hypersensitivity reaction was 8. Reactions correlatedwith lower dexamethasone doses. Other variables were not significant. Conclusions: The prevalence ofhypersensitivity reactions was 10.7%, symptoms being mostly mild and cutaneous. Lower dexamethasonedoses could be a predictor for hypersensitivity reactions to oxaliplatin.}, keywords = {Oxaliplatin,hypersensitivity,Drug hypersensitivity,Electronic Health Records}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26221.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26221_f389ae35de24dccceb3cfb2434b74afd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Promoting Oral Cancer Awareness and Early Detection using a Mass Media Approach}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1217-1224}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Aim: Less than 50% of oral cancer cases are diagnosed at early stages of the disease andthis is in part due to poor awareness and lack of knowledge on the signs and symptoms of oral cancer. This studysought to measure the baseline awareness of oral cancer in Malaysia and aimed to increase public awarenessand knowledge of oral cancer using a mass media campaign. Methods: Baseline awareness and impact of thecampaign was measured using self-administered questionnaires sent via email to individuals. The campaign wasaired on two national television channels and the reach was monitored through an independent programmemonitoring system. Results: 78.2% of respondents had heard of oral cancer, and this increased significantly afterthe campaign. However, the ability to recognize signs and symptoms remains unchanged. We found that the levelof awareness differed between the distinct ethnic subgroups and the reach of the campaign was not uniformacross all ethnicities. Conclusion: This substantial study to measure the oral cancer awareness in Malaysiaprovides important baseline data for the planning of public health policies. Despite encouraging evidence thata mass media campaign could increase the awareness of oral cancer, further research is required to addressthe acceptability, comprehensiveness and effectiveness. Furthermore, different campaign approaches may berequired for specific ethnic groups in a multi-ethnic country such as Malaysia.}, keywords = {oral cancer,Cancer awareness,cancer survey,Campaign,mass media,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26222.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26222_9ef2ce1a84b077246cdfc0d1446182bb.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Nurses’ Perspective on Positive Attitudes to Cancer Patients in Turkey: A Qualitative Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1225-1229}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the meaning of “positive attitude” for medical surgicalnurses in caring for cancer patients. Methods: A qualitative method was used in this qualitative descriptivestudy with data from nurses who had volunteered to participate in an in-depth interview that was conductedbetween January and February 2012. A total of 10 nurses in general medical and surgical wards of a districthospital were interviewed. Results: The study used three broad themes to describe this multifaceted construct:showing empathy, seeing positively and behaving positively. The nurses were aware of their attitudes towardsbeing positive with cancer patients and its significance in support for cancer patients. Conclusions: The findingsof this study can serve as a platform upon which educational and other support programmes can be developed inorder to meet the needs of those general nurses working with cancer patients. Future studies are recommendedto examine nurses’ beliefs about cancer that are thought to affect positive attitudes toward cancer patients.}, keywords = {cancer,positive attitude,Nurses,Perceptions,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26223.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26223_e4691b7a79ffc5fd037043fead0b707f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {DLC-1 Expression Levels in Breast Cancer Assessed by qRTPCR are Negatively Associated with Malignancy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1231-1233}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the expression of DLC-l in breast carcinoma and any associationwith tumor metastasis. Methods: 51 surgical specimens of human breast carcinoma, divided into high invasiveand low invasive groups according to their clinicopathological features, 30 cases of adjacent normal tissue and 28benign breast lesions were examined by qRT-PCR for expression of DLC-1. Results: Expression level of DLC-1 inadjacent normal tissue and benign breast lesion specimens was higher than that in breast carcinoma (P<0.0001);the values in the high invasive group with synchronous metastases were also lower than in the low invasive group(P=0.0275). The correlation between DLC-1 expression level and tumor progression and metastasis of breastcancer was negative. Conclusion: As an anti-oncogene, DLC-1 could play an important part in breast carcinomaoccurrence, progression, invasiveness and metastasis. Detecting the changes of the expression of DLC-1 in thebreast carcinoma may contribute to earlier auxiliary diagnosis of invasiveness, metastasis and recrudescence.}, keywords = {DLC-1,Breast carcinoma,qRT-PCR,Malignancy,negative correlation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26318.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26318_68678da7e0f83d9a4102f463017b95ee.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Carcinogenic Human Liver Fluke: Current Status of Opisthorchis viverrini Metacercariae in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1235-1240}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Opisthorchis viverrini infection is a serious public-health problem in Southeast Asia. It isassociated with a number of hepatobiliary diseases and the evidence strongly indicates that liver fluke infectionis the etiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate Opisthorchis viverrinimetacercarial infection in cyprinoid fish collected from 32 districts of Nakhon Ratchasima province, NortheasternThailand during one year period from February 2010 to February 2011. Methods: A cross-sectional study wasconducted, data being collected with pepsin-HCl digestion and stereomicroscope, respectively. Analysis wasperformed using SPSS Windows Version 12.0. Results: A total of 640 Cyprinidae family fish including 5 specieswere collected from different study sites, and investigated for O. viverrini metacercariae. The infection rate was12.3% (79/640), predominantly in Cyclocheilichthys armatus, C. repasson, Puntioplites proctzysron, Hampalamacrolepitota and Hampala dispar, respectively. The prevalence of O. viverrini metaceria in Nakhon Ratchasimaarea was 78.1%, predominantly in Sida and KiaKham Thale So. Conclusion: This findings stress that naturalfish species in rural communities are still a source of O viverrini infection and put local people at risk, thereforepublic awareness and prevention campaigns are urgently required.}, keywords = {Carcinogenic human liver fluke,Metacercariae,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26319.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26319_ccb7ee18190e939380aafa3f9a5b4929.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Healthy Life-Style Promoting Behaviour in Turkish Women Aged 18-64}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1241-1245}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: In this study we aimed to investigate the healthy life-style behaviour of Turkish women and establishinfluencing features. Methods: This descriptive study performed by a questionnaire method was conducted ina primary health care centre, in an urban region in Kayseri, Turkey. Every midwife region belonging to thehealth care centre was accepted as a cluster, and a sample of 450 women between ages 18-64, was gathered from9 midwife regions. The Health Promotion Life-style Profile (HPLP) was applied to evaluated the healthy lifestylebehaviour of 421 women that could be reached. T test, Tukey HSD with ANOVA, and chi square tests wereused for analysis. Results: The mean total HPLP was 126.8±19.2 (interpersonal support subscale, 74.3±14.1;nutrition subscale, 73.6±12.6; self-actualisation subscale, 70.6±11.9; stress management subscale, 63.4±13.0;health responsibility subscale, 61.2±13.2; and exercise subscale, 47.1±15.0). There was no statistically significantvariation when evaluated for age, marital state, family type, economic status, and perception of self-health,smoking, and BMI. HPLP was high in people with an education of primary school and lower in universitygraduates, in people who lived mostly in the city centre and in individuals with chronic diseases. In conclusion,it was established that the health promoting behaviour in Turkish women is, in general, at a medium level, andwomen should be enlightened in order to develop and increase the habit of health preservation and promotion.}, keywords = {Women,promotion of health,HPLP scores,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26320.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26320_55e513e689b6a7b88729c36e62e6e3aa.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association Between HLA-DQ Genotypes and Haplotypes vs Helicobacter pylori Infection in an Indonesian Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1247-1251}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Helicobacter pylori is an important gastrointestinal pathogen related to the development ofnot only atrophic gastritis and peptic ulcer, but also gastric cancer. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) may playparticular roles in host immune responses to bacterial antigens. This study aimed to investigate the associationbetween HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genotypes and haplotypes vs H. pylori infection in an Indonesian population.Methods: We selected 294 healthy participants in Mataram, Lombok Island, Indonesia. H. pylori infectionwas determined by urea breath test (UBT). We analyzed HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genotypes by PCR-RFLPand constructed haplotypes of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genes. Multiple comparisons were conducted accordingto the Bonferroni method. Results: The H. pylori infection rate was 11.2% in this Indonesian population. TheDQB1*0401 genotype was noted to be associated with a high risk of H. pylori infection, compared with theDQB1*0301 genotype. None of the HLA-DQA1 or DQB1 haplotypes were related to the risk of H. pylori infection.Conclusions: The study suggests that HLADQB1 genes play important roles in H. pylori infection, but there wasno statistically significant association between HLA-DQA1 or DQB1 haplotypes and H.pylori infection in ourLombok Indonesian population.}, keywords = {HLA,DQA1,DQB1,Haplotype,H. pylori,Infection,association}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26321.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26321_59584c98b17014589e6095deb17323e5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The Clinicopathological and Prognostic Impact of 14-3-3 Protein Isoforms Expression in Human Cholangiocarcinoma by Immunohistochemistry}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1253-1259}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The 14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved, ubiquitous molecules involved in a variety of biologic phenomena,such as cell cycle control, and apoptosis. However, their expression in cholangiocarcinoma has not been previouslycharacterized. In this paper, immunohistochemistry using specific anti-14-3-3 monoclonal antibodies wasperformed on formalin-fixed;, paraffin embedded archival tissue from 86 patients of cholangiocarcinoma. Wealso examined the correlation between expression and survival rate and clinicopathologic factors such as tumorlocation, tumor size, pathologic differentiation, lymphatic permeation, lymph node metastasis, and tumor stage.Positive 14-3-3 proteins expression was observed for 6 isoforms (β, σ, γ, θ, δ, η) of these proteins in 86 patientsof cholangiocarcinoma. β and σ isoform immunoreactivity was correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumorstage and patients’ survival rate. In addition, δ isoform immunoreactivity showed trends with tumor location,tumor size, pathologic differentiation and tumor stage, while the θ isoform was correlated with pathologicdifferentiation. These results indicated that upregulated expression of some isoforms of 14-3-3 may be a commonmechanism for evading apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma, so that targeting 14-3-3 may be a novel promisingstrategy for the treatment of this tumor.}, keywords = {14-3-3 isoforms,immunohistochemistry,cholangiocarcinoma,malignant characteristics}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26322.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26322_fbf17da5d544b32b833bddb729abe5ed.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of Human Papilloma Virus Infection in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma from the Caspian Sea Area, North of Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1261-1266}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: HPV has been found repeatedly in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues. However,reported detection rates of HPV DNA in these tumors have varied markedly. Differences in detection methods,sample types, and geographic regions of sample origin have been suggested as potential causes of variation. Wehave reported that infection of HPV DNA in ESCC tumors depends on anatomical sites of esophagus of thepatients from Mazandaran, north of Iran. Materials and Methods: HPV DNA was examined in 46 upper, 69middle and 62 lower third anatomical sites of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimens collected fromMazandaran province in north Iran, near the Caspian Littoral as a region with high incidence of ESCC. HPVL1 DNA was detected using Qualitative Real time PCR and MY09/MY11 primers. Results: 28.3% of upper,29% of middle and 25.8% of lower third of ESCC samples were positive for HPV DNA. 13.6% for males and14.1% for females were HPV positive in all samples. Conclusions: HPV infection is about one third of ESCCin this area. Findings in this study increase the possibility that HPV is involved in esophageal carcinogenesis.Further investigation with a larger sample size is necessary.}, keywords = {HPV,Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,site of esophagus,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26323.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26323_7436d5f73c93b4a62a0c5a70f9879cfe.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Preoperative BRAF Mutation is Predictive of Occult Contralateral Carcinoma in Patients with Unilateral Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1267-1272}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Objective: The optimal resection extent for clinically unilateral papillary thyroidmicrocarcinoma (PTMC) remains controversial. The objective was to investigate risk factors associated with occultcontralateral carcinoma, and put emphasis on the predictive value of preoperative BRAF mutation. Materials andMethods: 100 clinically unilateral PTMC patients all newly diagnosed, previously untreated were analyzed in aprospective cohort study. We assessed the T1799A BRAF mutation status in FNAB specimens obtained from allPTMC patients before undergoing total thyroidectomy (TT) and central lymph node dissection (CLND) for PTMC.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to reveal the incidence of contralateral occult cancer, differenceof risk factors and predictive value, with respect to the following variables: preoperative BRAF mutation status,age, gender, tumor size, multifocality of primary tumor, capsular invasion, presence of Hashimoto thyroiditisand central lymph node metastasis. Results: 20 of 100 patients (20%) had occult contralateral lobe carcinoma.On multi-variate analysis, preoperative BRAF mutation (p = 0.030, OR = 3.439) and multifocality of the primarytumor (p = 0.004, OR = 9.570) were independent predictive factors for occult contralateral PTMC presence.However, there were no significant differences between the presence of occult contralateral carcinomas and age,gender, tumor size, capsular invasion, Hashimoto thyroiditis and central lymph node metastasis. Conclusions:Total thyroidectomy, including the contralateral lobe, should be considered for the treatment of unilateral PTMCif preoperative BRAF mutation is positive and/or if the observed lesion presents as a multifocal tumor in theunilateral lobe.}, keywords = {Papillary thyroid micro-carcinoma,occult contralateral carcinoma,BRAF mutation,Lymph node metastasis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26324.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26324_a9361962650ebe1385a4b3154796bd22.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Colorectal Cancer Screening by Double Contrast Barium Enema in Thai People}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1273-1276}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been increasing in Asian countries including Thailand.Double contrast barium enema (DCBE) is one of the investigation tools used in CRC screening. This study aimedto determine the incidence of colorectal neoplasm detected at screening by DCBE in Thai people. Methods:The computerized radiology database of screening DCBE in Thai adults between June 2009 and October 2011at the Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, was reviewed. DCBE examination performed in a surveillanceprogram after curative CRC resection or the removal of colorectal polyps was also considered as a screeningDCBE. Results: A total of 819 screening DCBEs performed during this 28-month period were analyzed. Themean age of patients was 59.8 ± 13.6 years. Of the total, 467 (57%) were male. A family history of CRC and aprevious history of curative CRC resection or polyp removal were noted in 34 patients (4%) and 124 patients(15%), respectively. A total of 31 patients (3.8%; 95%CI = 2.7%-5.3%) were reported to have colorectal polypor mass demonstrated on DCBE. Of these, follow-up endoscopy was performed in 20 cases (65%). Accordingto pathological results, the incidence of advanced adenoma and CRC detected at screening DCBE was 0.7%(95%CI = 0.3%-1.6%; n=6) and 0.4% (95%CI = 0.1%-1.1%; n=3), respectively. Conclusions: The screeningDCBE performed in Thai adults had a diagnostic yield of 0.7% for advanced adenoma and 0.4% for CRC.}, keywords = {Colon cancer,Screening,barium enema,neoplasm,adenoma,Thai}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26325.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26325_ee860f4be4626d909475795aea21de37.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Quality of Life of Women Undergoing Chemotherapy for a Gynaecological Oncological Disease in Turkey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1277-1280}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: Studies have shown effects of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy on quality of life in cases ofgynaecological cancer. Very few studies are available examining the quality of life of individuals in Turkey whohave been diagnosed with gynaecological cancer and undergoing treatment. Method: This study was performedto evaluate the quality of life of such patients using the EORTC-QLQ-C30 Quality of Life Index. Chi-squareYates, Mann-Whitney-U tests and variance analysis used for statistical analizing. Results: The EORTC-QLQ-C30Quality of Life Index mean points for “general well-being and quality of life” of the patients were found to be60.5±25.0. In the sub-groups of the Quality of Life Index determined fatigue (60.1±24.8), economic difficulties(46.9±33.3), pain and loss of appetite (42.9±27.8; 42.9±34.0) and insomnia (40.1±34.0) were the symptoms mostreported to have a negative effect on quality of life. Statistical significance was noted for marital status andincome status (p<0.05) but not educational level. Conclusion:Determination of quality of life of women with adiagnosis of gynaecological oncological disease who are undergoing chemotherapy enables provision of a morecomprehensive and higher quality of care.}, keywords = {Quality of Life,gynaecological cancer,adverse effects of therapy,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26326.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26326_95e6fc561b67d0e5f5a627f465b14d58.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognosti Factors for Second-line Treatment of Advanced Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: Retrospective Analysis at a Single Institution}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1281-1284}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still considered the first choice, presenting a modest survival advantage. However, the patients eventually experience disease progression and require second-line therapy. While there are reliable predictors to identify patients receiving first-line chemotherapy, very little knowledge is available about the prognostic factors in patients who receive second-line treatments. The present study was therefore performed. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 107 patients receiving second-line treatments from August 2002 to March 2012 in the Dicle University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology. Fourteen potential prognostic variables were chosen for analysis in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors associated with survival. Result: The results of univariate analysis for overall survival (OS) were identified to have prognostic significance: performance status (PS), stage, response to first-line chemotherapy, response to second- line chemotherapy and number of metastasis. PS, diabetes mellitus (DM), response to first-line chemotherapy and response to second-line chemotherapy were identified to have prognostic significance for progression-free survival (PFS). Multivariate analysis showed that PS, response to first-line chemotherapy and response to second- line chemotherapy were considered independent prognostic factors for OS. Furthermore, PS and response to second-line chemotherapy were considered independent prognostic factors for PFS. Conclusion: In conclusion, PS, response to first and second-line chemotherapy were identified as important prognostic factors for OS in advanced NSCLC patients who were undergoing second-line palliative treatment. Furthermore, PS and response to second-line chemotherapy were considered independent prognostic factors for PFS. It may be concluded that these findings may facilitate pretreatment prediction of survival and can be used for selecting patients for the correct choice of treatment.}, keywords = {non-small cell lung cancer,Prognostic factors,second-line treatment}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26327.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26327_5af1e8d38a7b9a05f66f52a1d3bd48f4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Validity and Reliability of the Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence in a Sample of Arabic Speaking UK-Resident Yemeni Khat Chewers}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1285-1288}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) (formally FTND) is widely used formeasuring physical dependence on nicotine. Objective: To explore the cross cultural validity and reliability ofFTCD amongst Arabic speaker cigarette consumers who chew khat leaf, a stimulant green leaf. Methods: Thepsychometric properties of the FTCD were assessed in a subsample (91regular cigarette smokers) of purposivelyselected 204 UK-resident Yemeni khat chewers recruited during random visits to khat sale outlets. Data werecollected via a structured face-to-face interview. Data analyses included descriptive tests and factor analysis.Results: Two factors were obtained by a principle axis factor analysis and these were termed as urgency ofrestoring the level of nicotine after abstinence during sleeping and maintaining the level of nicotine duringwaking. The internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient) of the whole FTCD is low (.68) as well as for thetwo subscales (.60) and (.62) respectively. Conclusion: The psychometric properties of the Arabic version of theFTCD scale in this sample of Yemeni khat chewers who smoked regularly confirmed what has been establishedin other cultural settings. The findings of this study have yet to be cross validated amongst other appropriatelyrepresentative sample of Arabic speakers.}, keywords = {FTCD,Validity,Reliability,cross-culture,Arabic speaking Yemeni residents of the UK}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26328.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26328_9f6c0f9bc212152853345e70cca028a3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Derris scandens Benth Extract Potentiates Radioresistance of Hep-2 Laryngeal Cancer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1289-1295}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The use of herbal products as radiosensitizers is a promising approach to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy.However, adverse effects related to the use of herbal medicine on radiotherapy are not well characterized. Thepresent study concerns the impact of Derris scandens Benth extract on the radiosensitivity of Hep-2 laryngealcancer cells. Pretreatment with D. scandens extract prior to gamma irradiation significantly increased clonogenicsurvival and decreased the proportion of radiation-induced abnormal nuclei of Hep-2 cells. Furthermore, theextract was found to enhance radiation-induced G2/M phase arrest, induce Akt activation, and increase motilityof Hep-2 cells. The study thus indicated that D. scandens extract potentiates radioresistance of Hep-2 cells, furtherdemonstrating the importance of cellular background for the adverse effect of D. scandens extract on radiationresponse in a laryngeal cancer cell line.}, keywords = {Radioresistance,Radiosensitivity,Derris scandens benth,Herbal medicine,cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26329.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26329_7c73657e684d5637d0fa6a7f9aafbef7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Smad4 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Differs by Hepatitis Status}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1297-1303}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aims: Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy often related to hepatitis viralinfection. Smad4 is known to mediate the TGF-β pathway to suppress tumorigenesis. However, the function ofSmad4 in HCC is still controversial. In this study we compared levels of Smad4 in HCC tissues with or withouthepatitis virus infection and adjacent normal-appearing liver. Methods: Samples from HCC patients wereanalyzed for Smad4 protein and mRNA expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), RT-PCR and Westernblotting. Results: We found that tumor tissues expressed less Smad4 mRNA and protein than the adjacent tissues.Most HCC tumor tissues were negative for Smad4 in IHC staining, while the majority of adjacent tissues werepositively stained. Interestingly, protein levels were higher in HCC tissues with viral hepatitis than those withoutvirus infection. Suppression of expression appeared closely related to HCC, so that Smad4 appears to functionas a tumor suppressor gene (TSG). Conclusion: Patients with hepatitis viral infection, at higher risk for HCC,exhibited increased Smad4 protein expression suggesting hepatitis virus may modulate Smad4 expression, whichis functionally distinct from its putative role as a TSG. Smad4 expression may thus be an applicable marker fordiagnosis and/or a target to develop therapeutic agents for HCC.}, keywords = {Liver neoplasms/genetics,SMAD4,liver cirrhosis/virology,tumor suppressor gene (TSG),viral/genetics}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26330.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26330_ec93f2690085fde80447af3897a1c116.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Distinctive Features of Advancing Breast Cancer Cells and Interactions with Surrounding Stroma Observed Under the Scanning Electron Microscope}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1305-1310}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast cancer cells undergo transformation when they spread into surrounding tissues. Studies have shownthat cancer cells undergo surface alterations and interact with the surrounding microenvironment during theinvasion process. The aim of the present study was to analyse these cancer cell surface alterations and interactionsof cancer cells and stroma. Twenty 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea-induced breast cancer samples taken from five ratswere fixed in McDowell-Trump fixative and then washed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. The samples were thentreated with osmium tetroxide before being washed in distilled water and subsequently dehydrated throughgraded ethanols. The dehydrated samples were immersed in hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), then followingremoval of excess HMDS, the samples were air dried at room temperature in a dessicator. The dried sampleswere mounted onto specimen stubs and coated with gold coater before being viewed under a scanning electronmicroscope. We detected the presence of membrane ruffles on the surface of cancer cells and the formation ofunique surface membrane protrusions to enhance movement and adhesion to the surrounding stroma duringthe process of invasion. Advancing cancer cells demonstrated formation of lamellipodia and invadopodia. Thestroma at the advancing edge was desmoplastic with many collagen fibres laid down near the cancer cells. Ourdata suggest that all of these abnormalities could act as hallmarks of invasiveness for breast cancer.}, keywords = {breast cancer,cellular protrusions,desmoplastic stroma,Scanning Electron Microscope,stroma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26331.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26331_8ae32d437ef68e7073fdf4b277f207f2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Frequency, Clinical Pattern and Outcome of Thrombosis in Cancer Patients in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1311-1315}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: Thrombotic risk is increased in patients with cancer and there are important implications forthose who suffer a venous thromboembolism (VTE). We undertook this study to determine the frequency, clinicalpatterns, and outcome of VTE in Saudi patients with cancer. Methods: Cancer (solid tumors and lymphoma)patients who developed VTE from January 2004 to January 2009 were studied retrospectively. Demographicsand clinical characteristics related to thrombosis and cancer were evaluated. Results: A total of 701 patientswith cancer were seen during the study period. VTE was diagnosed in 47 (6.7%) patients (median age 52, range18-80 years). Lower limb DVT was the most common type, seen in 47% patients, followed by PE in 19%, and19% patients had both DVT & PE. Thrombosis was symptomatic in 72% patients while it was an incidentalfinding on routine workup in 28% . Cancer and VTE were diagnosed at the same time in 38% of patients, and47% patients developed VTE during the course of disease after the cancer diagnosis. The majority of VTE postcancer diagnoses occurred during the first year (median 4 months, range 1-14). Additional risk factors for VTEwere present in 22 (47%) patients and 14 (30%) of these patients were receiving chemotherapy at the time ofthrombosis. Only 5 (10.6%) patients were receiving thrombo-prophylaxis at the time of VTE diagnosis. Mostcommon types of tumors associated with thrombosis were breast cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and lungcancer. The majority of the affected patients (79%) had advanced stage of cancer. After a median follow-up of13 (range 0.5-60) months, 38 (81%) patients had died. There was no difference in the mortality of patients withsymptomatic or asymptomatic thrombosis (82% vs 78.6%). Conclusions: Thrombotic complications can developin a significant number of patients with cancer, and almost half of the patients have additional risk factors forVTE. Thrombosis is usually associated with advanced disease and can be asymptomatic in more than a quarterof cases. Thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients is under-utilized. Community based studies are needed toaccurately define the extent of this problem and to develop effective prophylactic strategies.}, keywords = {cancer,deep venous thrombosis,pulmonary embolism,VTE,Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26332.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26332_be84cf61d8be6b9483819b86e68e0d53.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Gallbladder Cancer: a Subtype of Biliary Tract Cancer Which is a Current Challenge in China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1317-1320}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Biliary tract cancers, broadly described as malignancies that arise from the biliary tract epithelia, areusually divided into two major clinical phenotypes: cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer, differing inetiopathogenesis, risk factors, and perhaps molecular and genetic signatures. Atypical symptoms and lack oftumor biomarkers make it difficult to diagnose in early stages. At the time of presentation, few patients arecandidates for potentially curative surgical resection. We here assessed and compared features of a total of150 cases divided into extra- and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and gallbladder cancers (GBC). Althoughtthere were no significant differences in serum tumour marker levels, GBC patients had the poorest prognosis.Furthermore, gallbladder cancer respond poorly to chemotherapy or radiation therapy and approximately halfof untreated patients died within 10 months. Therefore, treatment for patients with gallbladder cancer is stillin challenge. Outcomes and survival of these patients had improved little over the past three decades - a periodin which new successful treatments have greatly contributed to the prolonged patient survival for many othercancers.}, keywords = {Gallbladder cancer - biliary tract cancer &#8211,epidemiology - treatment - China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26333.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26333_a856a76b3015b3ee82339a7994f1497a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association of Two Polymorphisms of DNA Polymerase Beta in Exon-9 and Exon-11 with Ovarian Carcinoma in India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1321-1324}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: DNA polymerase beta (polβ) is a key enzyme in the base excision repair pathway. It is 39kDaprotein, with two subunits, one large subunit of 31 kDa having catalytic activity between exon V to exon XIV,and an 8 kDa smaller subunit having single strand DNA binding activity. Exons V to VII have double strandDNA binding activity, whereas exons VIII to XI account for the nucleotidyl transferase activity and exons XIIto XIV the dNTP selection activity. Aim: To examine the association between polβ polymorphisms and the riskof ovarian cancer, the present case control study was performed using 152 cancer samples and non-metastaticnormal samples from the same patients. In this study, mutational analysis of polβ genomic DNA was undertakenusing primers from exons IX to XIV - the portion having catalytic activity. Results: We detected alteration inDNA polymerase beta by SSCP. Two specific heterozygous point mutations of polβ were identified in Exon9:486, A->C (polymorphism 1; 11.18%) and in Exon 11:676, A->C (polymorphism 2; 9.86%). The correlationstudy involving polymorphism 1 and 4 types of tissue showed a significant correlation between mucinous typewith a Pearson correlation value of 4.03 (p=0.04). The association among polymorphism 2 with serous type andstage IV together have shown Pearson χ2 value of 3.28 with likelihood ratio of 4.4 (p=0.07) with OR =2.08 (0.3-14.55). This indicates that there is a tendency of correlation among polymorphism 2, serous type and stage IV,indicating a risk factor for ovarian cancer. Conclusion: Hence, the results indicate that there is a tendency forpolβ polymorphisms being a risk factor for ovarian carcinogenesis in India.}, keywords = {DNA polymerase beta,DNA Repair,somatic mutation,Polymorphism,DNA-SSCP,India}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26334.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26334_1e70acc4fc6ecbb8fd43222fb9249236.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression and Functional Role of ALDH1 in Cervical Carcinoma Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1325-1331}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Tumor formation and growth is dictated by a very small number of tumor cells, called cancer stem cells, whichare capable of self-renewal. The genesis of cancer stem cells and their resistance to conventional chemotherapyand radiotherapy via mechanisms such as multidrug resistance, quiescence, enhanced DNA repair abilities andanti-apoptotic mechanisms, make it imperative to develop methods to identify and use these cells as diagnosticor therapeutic targets. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is used as a cancer stem cell marker. In this study,we evaluated ALDH1 expression in CaSki, HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells using the Aldefluor method toisolate ALDH1-positive cells. We showed that higher ALDH1 expression correlated with significantly higherrates of cell proliferation, microsphere formation and migration. We also could demonstrate that SiHa-ALDH1-positive cells were significantly more tumorigenic compared to SiHa-ALDH1-negative cells. Similarly, SiHacells overexpressing ALDH1 were significantly more tumorigenic and showed higher rates of cell proliferationand migration compared to SiHa cells where ALDH1 expression was knocked down using a lentivirus vector.Our data suggested that ALDH1 is a marker of cervical cancer stem cells and expand our understanding of itsfunctional role.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,adhehyde dehydrogenase,Cancer stem cells,Proliferation,migration,tumorigenic}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26335.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26335_b49afd81f4f385c61de2861f1307acc5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Resveratrol Exerts Differential Effects in Vitro and in Vivo against Ovarian Cancer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1333-1340}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Epithelial ovarian cancer represents the most lethal gynecological cancer, and the high mortality rate makesthis malignancy a major health concern. Poor prognosis results from an inability to detect ovarian cancers atan early, curable stage, as well as from the lack of an effective therapy. Thus, effective and novel strategies forprevention and treatment with non-toxic agents merit serious consideration. Resveratrol, obtained from grapes,berries, peanuts and red wine, has been shown to have a potent growth-inhibitory effect against various humancancer cells as well as in in vivo preclinical cancer models. The objective here was to evaluate potential antitumoreffects of resveratrol in both in vitro and in vivo NuTu-19 ovarian cancer models. In vitro an invasion assay wasperformed. After 48 h, the numbers of viable cells that invaded the extracellular matrix layer were reduced by94% with resveratrol in comparison to control. For the in vivo anti-tumor assessment, 10 rats were injected withNuTu-19 cells into the ovarian bursa. Thereafter, half were provided with a diet mixed with a dose of 100 mgresveratrol/kg body weight/day for 28 days. Following sacrifice, anticancer effects were assessed by histologicalevaluation of ovarian as well as surrounding tissues, and immunohistochemical detection of cell proliferationand apoptosis, but there were no observable differences between the control and resveratrol-treated groupsfor any of the biological endpoints. While resveratrol is effective in suppressing the in vitro cellular invasion ofNuTu-19 ovarian cancer cells, these effects do not appear to impact on in vivo NuTu-19 ovarian cancers in rats.}, keywords = {Resveratrol,NuTu-19 cells,Ovarian Cancer,anti-invasion effects,Chemoprevention}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26336.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26336_1a1e46be890d825aad86faa001a96345.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognostic Sub-Grouping of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas into Germinal Centre And Post Germinal Centre Groups by Immunohistochemistry after 6 Cycles of Chemotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1341-1347}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) can be divided into germinal centre (GC-DLBCL)and post germinal centre (post GC-DLBCL) groups by applying immunohistochemical antibodies. As thesesubgroups respond differently to chemotherapy, it is possible at diagnosis to select a poor prognostic subgroupfor aggressive treatment. Objective: To determine the frequencies of GC-DLBCL and post GC-DLBCL inpatients by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the clinical response after six cycles of chemotherapy. Subjectsand Methods: In this descriptive study conducted in AFIP and CMH, Rawalpindi and NORI, Islamabad, fromSeptember 2010 to September 2011, a total of 75 pretreatment cases of DLBCL diagnosed during the studyperiod were included. Cases were segregated in to GC-DLBCL and post GC-DLBCL groups according to resultsof immunohistochemistry markers CD10, BCL6 and MUM1. Immediate clinical response was assessed after 6cycles of chemotherapy. Response was divided into complete response, partial response, stable disease or relapseor progression. Results: The mean age was 54.2±15. Males were 53 (70.7%). Forty (53.3%) cases comprisedthe GC-DLBCL group; 25(62.5%) of them showed a complete response. Most patients of the post GC-DLBCL19(54%) showed relapse/progression. Results of immediate clinical response in both prognostic subgroupswere significant (p<0.05). Results regarding positivity with immunohistochemical antibodies CD10 (p 0.011),BCL6 (p 0.013) and MUM1 (p 0.000) regarding immediate clinical response were also significant. Conclusion:GC-DLBCL group shows better response to CHOP chemotherapy regimen. Immunohistochemistry should beused to further classify DLBCL as this can enable us to select aggressive group for aggressive treatment. Thismanuscript is important because the study is the first to becarried out exclusively in Pakistan or our part of theworld.}, keywords = {Prognostic subgroups,Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,immunohistochemistry,Chemotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26337.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26337_55bcc8b749c710d53d73072c16156409.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Up-regulation of Thy-1 Promotes Invasion and Metastasis of Hepatocarcinomas}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1349-1353}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Increasing evidence has revealed that thy-1 was a potential stem cell marker of liver cancer, but no data havebeen shown on how thy-1 regulates the pathophysiology of liver cancer, such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasionand migration. We previously demonstrated that thy-1 was expressed in about 1% of hepg2 cells, thy-1+ hepg2cells, but not thy-1-, demonstrating high tumorigenesis on inoculation 0.5x105 cells per BACA/LA mouse after2 months. In the present study, our results showed that higher expression of thy-1 occurs in 72% (36/50 cases)of neoplastic hepatic tissues as compared to 40% (20/50 cases) of control tissues, and the expression of thy-1 ishigher in poorly differentiated liver tumors than in the well-differentiated ones. In addition, thy-1 expressionwas detected in 85% of blood samples from liver cancer patients, but none in normal subjects or patients withcirrhosis or hepatitis. There was a significant negative correlation between thy-1expression and E-cadherinexpression (a marker of invasion and migraton), but not between thy-1 expression and AFP expression in all theliver cancer and blood samples. We further investigated the relationship between thy-1 and E- cadherin in livercancer hepg2 cell line which was transfected with pReceiver-M29/thy-1 eukaryotic expression vector followedby aspirin treatment. Lower expression of E- cadherin but higher expressions of thy-1 were detected in hepg2cells transfected with pReceiver-M29/thy-1. Taken together, our study suggested that thy-1 probably regulatesliver cancer invasion and migration.}, keywords = {Invasion,migration,thy-1,hepatocarcinomas}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26338.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26338_4e6940e7faec7d0ce3a15214c3d20b58.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The CHEK2 I157T Variant and Breast Cancer Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1355-1360}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) gene I157T variant may be associated with anincreased risk of breast cancer, but it is unclear whether the evidence is sufficient to recommend testing for themutation in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Elsevierand Springer for relevant articles published before Nov 2011. Summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidenceinterval (95% CI) incidence rates were calculated using a random-effects model with STATA (version 10.0)software. Results: A total of fifteen case-control studies, including 19,621 cases and 27,001 controls based on thesearch criteria, were included for analysis. A significant association was found between carrying the CHEK2I157T variant and increased risk of unselected breast cancer (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.31–1.66, P < 0.0001), familialbreast cancer (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.16–1.89, P < 0.0001), and early-onset breast cancer (OR = 1.47, 95% CI =1.29–1.66, P < 0.0001). We found an even stronger significant association between the CHEK2 I157T C variantand increased risk of lobular type breast tumors (OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 2.89–6.03, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Ourresearch indicates that the CHEK2 I157T variant may be another important genetic mutation which increasesrisk of breast cancer, especially the lobular type.}, keywords = {Meta-analysis,breast cancer,CHEK2 I157T}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26339.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26339_28f304eacb63a2bfb9b14149dd32c06d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Screening Colonoscopy from a Large Single Center of Thailand - Something Needs to be Changed?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1361-1364}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Results of screening colonoscopy from Western countries reported adenoma detection rates(ADRs) of 30-40% while those from Asia had ADR as low as 10%. There have been limited data regardingscreening colonoscopy in Thailand. The objectives of this study were therefore to determine polyp and adenomadetection rates in Thai people, to evaluate the incidence of colorectal cancer detected during screening colonoscopyand to determine the endoscopic findings of the polyps which might have some impact on endoscopists to performpolypectomy. Materials & Methods: This study was a retrospective electronic chart review of asymptomatic Thaiadults who underwent screening colonoscopy in our endoscopic center from June 2007 to October 2010.Results:A total of 1,594 cases were reviewed. The patients had an average age of 58.3±10.5 years (range 27-82) and 55.5%were female. Most of the cases (83.8%) were handled by staff who were endoscopists. A total of 488 patients(30.6%) were reported to have colonic polyps. Left-sided colon was the most common site (45.1%), followed byright-sided colon (36.5%) and the rectum (18%). Those polyps were removed in 97.5% of cases and 88.5 % ofthe polyps were sent for histopathology (data lost 11.5%). Two hundred and sixty three cases had adenomatouspolyps, accounting for 16.5 % ADR. Advanced adenomas were detected in 43 cases (2.6%). Hyperplastic polypswere mainly located distal to the splenic flexure of the colon whereas adenomas were found throughout the largeintestine. Ten cases (0.6%) were found to have colorectal cancer. Four advanced adenomas and two malignantpolyps were reported in lesions ≤ 5 mm. Conclusion: The polyp detection rate, adenoma detection rate, advancedadenoma detection rate and colorectal cancer detection rate in the screening colonoscopy of Thai adults were30.9%, 16.5%, 2.6% and 0.6% respectively. Malignant transformation was detected regardless of the size andlocation of the polyps. Therefore, new technology would play an important role indistinguishing polyps.}, keywords = {Screening,colonoscopy,adenoma detection,polyp detection,Colon cancer,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26340.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26340_b64e6e8eb6521bb513bebde8bc357368.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {HMGB1 Promotes the Synthesis of Pro-IL-1β and Pro-IL-18 by Activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB Through Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-products in Macrophages}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1365-1370}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein and NALP3 inflammasome have been identified to playimportant roles in inflammation and cancer pathogenesis, but the relationships between the two and cancerremain unclear. The current study investigated the relationship between HMGB1 and the NALP3 inflammasomein THP-1 macrophages. HMGB1 was found unable to activate the NALP3 inflammasome and failed to inducethe release of the IL-1β and IL-18 in THP-1 macrophages. HMGB1 was also found significantly enhanced theactivity of ATP to induce IL-1β and IL-18 by the induction of increased expression of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18.This process was dependent on activation of RAGE, MAPK p38 and NF-κB signaling pathway. These resultsdemonstrate that HMGB1 promotes the synthesis of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 in THP-1 macrophages by theactivation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB through RAGE. HMGB1 likely plays an important role in the first step ofthe release of the IL-1β and IL-18, preparing for other cytokines to induce excessive release of IL-1β and IL-18which promote inflammation and cancer progression.}, keywords = {High mobility group box1,NALP3 inflammasome,Inflammation,cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26341.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26341_a2b829fae0c65c55aa28ebb7bc7b9a63.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The Association between Cancer Incidence and Family Income: Analysis of Korean National Health Insurance Cancer Registration Data}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1371-1376}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Economic status is known to be directly or indirectly related to cancer incidence since itaffects accessibility to health-related social resources, preventive medical checkups, and lifestyle. This studyinvestigates the relationship between cancer incidence and family income in Korea. Methods:Using theKorean National Health Insurance cancer registration data in 2009, the relationship between their familyincome class and cancer risk was analyzed. The age-standardized incidence rates of the major cancers werecalculated for men and women separately. After adjusting for age, residential area, and number of familymembers, cancer risks for major cancers according to family income class were estimated using a logisticregression model. Results: In men, the risk of stomach cancer for Income Class 5 (lowest) was 1.12 times(95% CI 1.02-1.23) higher than that of Income Class 1 (highest), for lung cancer 1.61 times (95% CI 1.43-1.81) higher, for liver cancer 1.22 times (95% CI 1.08-1.37) higher, and for rectal cancer 1.37 times higher(95% CI 1.18-1.59). In women, the risk of stomach cancer for Income Class 5 was 1.22 times higher (95%CI 1.08-1.37) than that for Income Class 1, while for cervical cancer it was 2.47 times higher (95% CI 2.08-2.94). In contrast, in men, Income Class 1 showed a higher risk of thyroid cancer and prostate cancer thanthat of Income Class 5, while, in women the same was the case for thyroid cancer. Conclusions: The resultsshow the relationship between family income and cancer risk differs according to type of cancer.}, keywords = {Income class,Cancer Incidence,Socioeconomic status,Korea}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26342.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26342_91a54c39caedd23d8d317b0b388fd164.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Exogenous Morphine Inhibits Human Gastric Cancer MGC-803 Cell Growth by Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Induction}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1377-1382}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Morphine is not only an analgesic treating pain for patients with cancer but also a potential anticancerdrug inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation. To gain better insight into the involvement of morphine inthe biological characteristics of gastric cancer, we investigated effects on progression of gastric carcinoma cellsand the expression of some apoptosis-related genes including caspase-9, caspase-3, survivin and NF-κB usingthe MGC-803 human gastric cancer cell line. The viability of cells was assessed by MTT assay, proliferation bycolony formation assay, cell cycle progression and apoptosis by flow cytometry and ultrastructural alteration bytransmission electron microscopy. The influences of morphine on caspase-9, caspase-3, survivin and NF-κB wereevaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Our data showed that morphine could significantlyinhibit cell growth and proliferation and cause cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. MGC-803 cells which wereincubated with morphine also had a higher apoptotic rate than control cells. Morphine also led to morphologicalchanges of gastric cancer cells. The mechanism of morphine inhibiting gastric cancer progression in vitro mightbe associated with activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and inhibition of survivin and NF-κB.}, keywords = {Morphine,Gastric cancer,cell cycle arrest,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26343.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26343_990acbaaf1712ae4f00e27302acd4213.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Perception, Attitudes, Preparedness and Experience of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia among Breast Cancer Patients: a Qualitative Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1383-1388}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: Regardless of its negative impact on quality of life, little is known about the importance ofalopecia from the patients’ perspective. This study aimed to explore the whole experience of chemotherapyinducedalopecia among Korean breast cancer patients including perception, attitudes, preparedness,and changes after alopecia. Methods: Patients expected to experience or had experienced alopecia wererecruited at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were performed in 21patients. Recurrent issues were identified and placed into thematic categories. Results: All patients thinkthat appearance is important and they pay attention to how they look like. They had negative perceptionsabout alopecia. Patients were not well prepared for alopecia, and experienced substantial physical,psychological and social distress. Lack of information and limited social support combined with negativeimages of cancer made it difficult for patients to overcome the trauma and deterred them from usual dailyactivities resulting in poor quality of life. Conclusions: Patients were not well prepared for alopecia andnegative perceptions, lack of preparedness, and limited social support and resources increased alopeciarelateddistress. Educational programs for preparing patients to cope with alopecia distress and advocateactivities to change people’s negative perception about alopecia are needed to reduce the burden imposedby alopecia in cancer patients.}, keywords = {Breast Neoplasms,Chemotherapy,Alopecia,Psychological adaptation,Quality of Life}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26344.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26344_82685fe852be892c6b519b9773249735.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression of DOG1, CD117 and PDGFRA in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors and Correlations with Clinicopathology}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1389-1393}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To discuss the significance of DOG1, CD117 and PDGFRA in the diagnosis of gastrointestinalstromal tumors (GISTs), and analyze their correlations with clinicopathological features and risk ranking.Method: DOG1, CD117 and PDGFRA were detected with IHC Envision ldpe-g-nvp in 63 GISTs and 43 cases ofnon-GISTs, and analyzed for relations with clinicopathological factors (gender, age, location, tumor size, mitoticphase, histology) and risk degree. Results: The positive expression rate of DOG1, CD117 and PDGFRA in GISTswas 84.1% (53/63), 90.5% (57/63), 53.2% (33/63), respectively. Among the 6 CD117 negative cases, all were DOG1positive and 5 were PDGFRA positive. Rates in patients with non-GISTs was 11.6%, 16.3%, 6.98%, respectively.Expression of DOG1 and PDGFRA demonstrated no significant variation with gender, age, position, tumor size,mitotic phase, histology, and risk rank. However, CD117 was related with position and histology (P=0.008 andP=0.045), those in the mesentery having a higher positive rate than those derived from stomach, small intestine,colon and rectum (50.0% vs 94.7%, P=0.008). Furthermore CD117 was also highly expressed in spindle andepithele types. Conclusions: DOG1 had a good sensitivity and specificity as a kind of newly discovered marker,especially for KIT negative GISTs. However, DOG1, CD117 and PDGFRA cannot be used for assessing the rishof patients.}, keywords = {gastrointestinal stromal tumor,KIT,PDGFR alpha,clinicopathological features,risk ranking}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26345.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26345_7ea6af16ec685c16aadcd8bab46e5526.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Antitumor Activity of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Trichostatin A in Osteosarcoma Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1395-1399}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been reported to induce cell growth arrest,apoptosis and differentiation of tumor cells. The present study aimed to examine the effects of trichostatin A(TSA), one such inhibitor, on the cell cycle, apoptosis and invasiveness of osteosarcoma cells. Methods: MG-63 cells were treated with TSA at various concentrations. Then, cell growth and apoptosis were determinedby 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and TUNEL assays, respectively; cell cyclingwas assessed by flow cytometry; invasion assays were performed with the transwell Boyden Chamber system.Results: MTT assays revealed that TSA significantly inhibited the growth of MG-63 cells in a concentrationand time dependent manner. TSA treated cells demonstrated morphological changes indicative of apoptosisand TUNEL assays revealed increased apoptosis of MG-63 cells after TSA treatment. Flow cytometry showedthat TSA arrested the cell cycle in G1/G2 phase and annexin V positive apoptotic cells increased markedly. Inaddition, the invasiveness of MG-63 cells was inhibited by TSA in a concentration dependent manner. Conclusion:Our findings demonstrate that TSA inhibits the proliferation, induces apoptosis and inhibits invasiveness ofosteosarcoma cells in vitro. HDAC inhibitors may thus have promise to become new therapeutic agents againstosteosarcoma.}, keywords = {osteosarcoma,Trichostatin A,Cell cycle,Apoptosis,invasiveness}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26346.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26346_d638ddfeea3102de98649f0d4c853f59.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Polysaccharide Extracted from Rheum Tanguticum Prevents Irradiation-induced Immune Damage in Mice}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1401-1405}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: To investigate the protective effect of purified fraction 1 polysaccharide extracted from Rheum tanguticumRTP1 on irradiation-induced immune damage in mice. Methods: Kunming mice were randomly divided into fivegroups: normal group (NC), irradiation control group (IC), RTP1 low dose (200 mg/kg), middle dose (400 mg/kg)and high dose (800 mg/kg) groups. RTP1 was adminstered by the gastric route for 14 d, mice in the NC and ICgroups being given by 0.9% sodium chloride solution in the same way. The mice in all groups except NC groupwere irradiated with 2.0 Gy 60Co γ-ray on the fourteenth day. Immune indives of non-specific immune function,cellular immunity and humoral immunity were assessed at the 24th hour after radiation. Results: Comparedwith the IC group, the spleen index, thymus index, rate of carbon clearance, phagocytic function of macrophages,lymphocyte proliferation, hemolysin value of blood serum and NK activity were increased markedly (P < 0.05or P < 0.05). Conclusion: RTP1 has an obvious protective effects on damage in γ-ray radiated mice.}, keywords = {Polysaccharide of Rheum tanguticum,Immune function,radiating damage,60Coγ Ray}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26347.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26347_68a6e585b645338350c74ae9fd17c639.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Endoscopic Findings in a Mass Screening Program for Gastric Cancer in a High Risk Region - Guilan Province of Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1407-1412}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background & Objectives: Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both sexes in Iran. Thisstudy was designed to assess upper GI endoscopic findings among people > 50 years targeted in a mass screeningprogram in a hot-point region. Methods: Based on the pilot results in Guilan Cancer Registry study (GCRS),one of the high point regions for GC –Lashtenesha- was selected. The target population was called mainly usingtwo methods: in rural regions, by house-house direct referral and in urban areas using public media. Upper GIendoscopy was performed by trained endoscopists. All participants underwent biopsies for rapid urea test (RUT)from the antrum and also further biopsies from five defined points of stomach for detection of precancerouslesions. In cases of visible gross lesions, more diagnostic biopsies were taken and submitted for histopathologicevaluation. Results: Of 1,394 initial participants, finally 1,382 persons (702 women, 680 men) with a mean age of61.7±9.0 years (range: 50-87 years) underwent upper GI endoscopy. H. pylori infection based on the RUT waspositive in 66.6%. Gastric adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus were detected in seven(0.5%) and one (0.07%) persons, respectively. A remarkable proportion of studied participants were found tohave esophageal hiatal hernia (38.4%). Asymptomatic gastric masses found in 1.1% (15) of cases which weremostly located in antrum (33.3%), cardia (20.0%) and prepyloric area (20.0%). Gastric and duodenal ulcerswere found in 5.9% (82) and 6.9% (96) of the screened population. Conclusion: Upper endoscopy screening is aneffective technique for early detection of GC especially in high risk populations. Further studies are required toevaluate cost effectiveness, cost benefit and mortality and morbidity of this method among high and moderaterisk population before recommending this method for the GC surveillance program at the national level.}, keywords = {Endoscopy,Screening,Gastric cancer,Guilan,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26348.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26348_b7e78c627c25ae54a78913dcd89ced98.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Survival From Synchronous Bilateral Breast Cancer: The Experience of Surgeons Participating in the Breast Audit of the Society of Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1413-1418}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Previous studies generally indicate that synchronous bilateral breast cancers (SBBC) havean equivalent or moderately poorer survival compared with unilateral cases. The prognostic characteristics ofSBBC would be relevant when planning adjuvant therapies and follow-up medical surveillance. The frequency ofSBBC among early breast cancers in clinical settings in Australia and New Zealand was investigated, plus theirprognostic significance, using the Breast Cancer Audit Database of the Society of Breast Surgeons of Australiaand New Zealand, which covered an estimated 60% of early invasive lesions in those countries. Design: Rateratios (95% confidence limits) of SBBC were investigated among 35,370 female breast cancer cases by age ofwoman, histology type, grade, tumour diameter, nodal status, lymphatic/vascular invasion and oestrogen receptorstatus. Univariate and multivariable disease-specific survival analyses were undertaken. Results: 2.3% of caseswere found to be SBBC (i.e., diagnoses occurring within 3 months). The figure increased from 1.4% in womenless than 40 years to 4.1% in those aged 80 years or more. Disease-specific survivals did not vary by SBBC status(p=0.206). After adjusting for age, histology type, diameter, grade, nodal status, lymphatic/vascular invasion, andoestrogen receptor status, the relative risk of breast cancer death for SBBC was 1.17 (95% CL: 0.91, 1.51). Afteradjusting for favourable prognostic factors more common in SBBC cases (i.e., histology type, grade, lymphatic/vascular invasion, and oestrogen receptor status), the relative risk of breast cancer death for SBBC was 1.42(95% CL: 1.10, 1.82). After adjusting for unfavourable prognostic factors more common in SBBC cases (i.e.,older age and large tumour diameter), the relative risk of breast cancer death for SBBC was 0.98 (95% CL:0.76, 1.26). Conclusions: Results confirm previous findings of an equivalent or moderately poorer survival forSBBC but indicate that SBBC status is likely to be an important prognostic indicator for some cases.}, keywords = {Synchronous bilateral breast cancer prevalence,prognosis survival,Australia,New Zealand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26349.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26349_072989e044e58624f84574836c4eb853.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use among Cancer Patients at the End of Life: Korean National Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1419-1424}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: To investigate in depth the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) bycancer patients at the end-of-life (EOL) and how they communicate with physicians about them. Designand location: In 17 hospitals in Korea between January and December 2004 we identified 4,042 familiesof cancer patients. Results: The prevalence of CAM use among cancer patients at the EOL was 37.0%,and 93.1% had used pharmacologic types of agents. The most frequent motive for CAM use was therecommendation of friends or a close relative (53.4%) or a physician (1.6%). Only 42.5% discussed CAMuse with their physicians. Satisfaction with CAMS was recalled for 37.1% . The most common reason givenfor that satisfaction was improvement of emotional or physical well-being, while ineffectiveness was themost common reason given for dissatisfaction. The average cost of CAM during the last month of life was$US 900. CAM use was associated with longer disease periods, primary cancers other than liver, biliary,and pancreatic, and need of support from physicians or religion. Conclusions: CAM use among cancerpatients at the EOL was common, not discussed with physicians, and associated with expectation of cure.Expectations were generally unmet while the treatments were a financial burden. Further studies evaluatingthe effects of CAM at the EOL and factors that enhance communication with the physician are needed.}, keywords = {complementary and alternative medicine,end of life,Korean cancer patients}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26350.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26350_16875bda247fc44524e60d20675ced65.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Overexpression of Cyclin L2 Inhibits Growth and Enhances Chemosensitivity in Human Gastric Cancer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1425-1430}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cyclin L2 is a novel member of the cyclin family, recently implicated in the regulation of cell cycle progressionand/or transcriptional regulation. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of overexpressionon tumor cell growth and chemosensitivity in human gastric cells in vitro. Cyclin L2 was transfected into humangastric cancer cell line BCG823 and expressed with a mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1. The effectsand mechanisms of cyclin L2 on cell growth, cell cycling and apoptosis were studied. Compared to controlvectors, overexpression of cyclin L2 inhibited the growth of BCG823 cells and enhance their chemosensitivity tofluorouracil, docetaxel and cisplatin. The anti-proliferative effects of cyclin L2 could be due to G0/G1 arrest andapoptosis. Cyclin L2 induced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis involved upregulation of caspase-3 and down regulationBcl-2 and survivin. The results indicated that overexpression of cyclin L2 protein may promote efficient growthinhibition and enhance chemosensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents in human gastric cancer cells by inducingG0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.}, keywords = {Cyclin L2,Gastric cancer,Apoptosis,Cell cycle,chemosensitivity}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26351.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26351_40177a69288dee334e3916246802b1cf.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Luteolin Inhibits Proliferation Induced by IGF-1 Pathway Dependent ER in Human Breast Cancer Mcf-7 Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1431-1437}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The growth of many breast tumors is stimulated by IGF-1, which activates signal transduction pathways inducing cell proliferation. ER α is important in this process. The aim of the study was to investigate relationships in vitro among inhibitory effects of luteolin on the growth of MCF-7 cells, IGF-1 pathway and ER α. Our results showed that luteolin could effectively block IGF-1-stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation in a dose- and time- dependent manner and block cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis evidenced by the flow cytometric detection of sub-G1DNA content. Luteolin markedly decreased IGF-1-dependent IGF-1R and Akt phosphorylation without affecting Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Further experiments pointed out that ER α was directly involved in IGF-1 induced cell growth inhibitory effects of luteolin, which significantly decreased ER α expression. Knockdown of ER α in MCF-7 cells by an ER α -specific siRNA decreased the IGF-1 induced cell growth inhibitory effects of luteolin. ER α is thus a possible target of luteolin. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effect of luteolinon the growth of MCF-7 cells is via inhibiting IGF-1 mediated PI3K-Akt pathway dependent of ER α expression.}, keywords = {breast cancer,IGF-1,ER α,luteolin,MCF-7}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26352.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26352_c6957ca2c2c70b3bdd0569e47233cf5a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Factors Related to Cancer Information Scanning and Seeking Behavior among High School Students in Korea}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1439-1445}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: This paper aimed to determine the relationship between cancer information scanning andseeking experience of adolescents and cancer preventive behavior, perceived cancer risk, and levels of cancerrelatedknowledge. Methods: The study sample comprised 1,000 second-year students from 6 high schools:the general and vocational school systems were each represented by 1 boys’, 1 girls’, and 1 coeducationalhigh school. In July 2011, trained researchers visited each classroom, explained the purpose of the study,distributed questionnaires to the students who agreed to participate, instructed them to complete the surveyby self-reporting, and collected the completed questionnaires. Results: The students who attended generalhigh schools (as compared with vocational high schools), earned higher grades, consumed more vegetables,had a higher perceived cancer risk, and answered the cancer-related questions more correctly had morecancer information scanning and seeking experience. Conclusion: These results reinforce the importance ofcancer prevention health education. Furthermore, the results may help in preparing a strategy that enablespeople to acquire accurate cancer-related information easily and quickly.}, keywords = {cancer information,Information Seeking,information scanning,Adolescent}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26224.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26224_e01dd968a64307775772dd743d6dfff8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Diagnostic Potential of Strain Ratio Measurement and a 5 Point Scoring Method for Detection of Breast Cancer: Chinese Experience}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1447-1452}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: To evaluate the differential diagnostic potential of lesion stiffness assessed by the sonoelastographic strain index ratio (SR) and elastographic color scoring system (UE) for breast lesions. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and forty two breast masses (158 benign and 184 malignant) from 325 consecutive patients (mean age 44.2 years; range 16-81)who had been scheduled for a sonographically guided core biopsy were examined with grey scale sonography,dopplersonography and sonoelastography. Each lesion was classified with ACR’s BI-RADS assessment category (2, 3 and 4A=Benign and; 4B, 4C, 5=Malignant) and the 5-point scoring system proposed by Itoh et al, with scoring 1-3=benign and 4-5=malignant. Strain and area ratios of each lesion were calculated within the same machine. Histological diagnosis was used as the reference standard. The area under the curve (AUC) and cut-off point were obtained by receiver operating curve and the cross table Fischer Test was carried out for assessing diagnostic value. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy and false-discovery rates were compared. Results: The mean strain ratios for benign and malignant lesions were 1.87 and 7.9 respectively. (P<0.0001). When a cutoff point of 3.54 was used, SR had a sensitivity of 94.6%, a specificity 94.3%, a PPV of 95.1%, an NPV of 93.7% and an accuracy of 94.4%. The AUC values were 0.90 for the 5 point scoring system (UE) and 0.96 for the strain index ratio. The overall diagnostic performance was SR method was better (P<0.05). Conclusions: Strain ratio measurement could be another effective predictor in elastography imaging besides 5 the point scoring system for differential diagnosis of breast lesions.}, keywords = {Elastography,strain ratio,breast cancer,Differential diagnosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26225.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26225_dc6838bbcee7815d682254fedf484962.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prostate Specific Antigen and Gleason Score in Men with Prostate Cancer at a Private Diagnostic Radiology Centre in Western Jamaica}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1453-1456}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumour in men and the second most commoncause of male cancer death. The study examines the clinicopathological features of patients with prostate cancerconsecutively diagnosed at a private Diagnostic Radiology Centre in Western Jamaica over a 6-year period.Method: The medical records, including the pathology reports of 423 consecutive patients who had transrectalultrasonography (TRUS) - guided prostate biopsy between January 2006 and December 2011 were reviewed.Results: The mean age at diagnosis of the 191 men with prostate adenocarcinoma was 68.5 ± 0.59 years withthe majority in the 70 - 79 year age group (43.5%). Moderately differentiated carcinomas (Gleason score of 6)comprised the largest group with 72 cases (37.9%); poorly differentiated cancers with Gleason scores of 8 - 10comprised 49 cases (25.8%). The PSA levels increased with Gleason score. The mean PSA levels for men withGleason score of 6 was 50.1 ± 30.0 ng/mL compared with 136.5 ± 59.9 ng/mL in patients with Gleason score of 8and 140.5 ± 31.8 ng/mL in patients with Gleason score of 9. Perineural invasion was present in 7.85% of the casesoverall; high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) was present in 4.71% of the biopsies. Conclusion:Although the majority of patients had moderate, and moderate to poor differentiated carcinomas, the numberwith poorly differentiated carcinoma was high. This is a reflection of the patients’ late clinical presentation atthe time of diagnosis.}, keywords = {Prostate specific antigen,Gleason score,Prostate Cancer,differentiation,Jamaica}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26226.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26226_a237d1b539aa297b46857a588580364f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {HGFK1 is Associated with a Better Prognostis and Reverses Inhibition by Gefitinib in NSCLC Cases}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1457-1461}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading worldwide source of cancer-related deaths.Although some drugs targeting EGFR mutations have been developed, most advanced cases are still incurable.New targets for anticancer drugs are demanded. The kringle 1 domain of hepatocellular growth factor alphachain (HGFK1) is a potent anti-angiogenesis factor. It has also emerged as a potential anticancer factor inhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression of HGFK1 protein in patients with NSCLC has not beenreported to date. Method: Here, we assessed HGFK1 expression by Western blotting in 103 cases with advancedNSCLC to investigate the impact of HGFK1 on survival. Results: Results revealed 33 (30.1%) patients wereclassified as high expressors, this being significantly associated with less remote metastasis (P = 0.002) but notwith lymph node metastasis (P = 0.062). There was also a significant association between HGFK1 expressionand tumor size (P = 0.025) as well as clinical stage (P = 0.012). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that bothoverall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) of patients with HGFK1 expression were longer thanthose of patients without HGFK1 expression (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001 respectively). HGFK1 reversed gefitinibinhibition in the resistent NSCLC cell line A431/GR but did not inhibit the proliferation of NSCLC cells A431and A431/GR directly. Reversion of gefitinib inhibition in A431/GR cells by HGFK1 was related to decreasedphosphorylation of ERK and STAT5. Conclusions: HGFK1 may be a useful prognostic factor of advancedNSCLC patients and a potential drug for gefitinib resistant patients.}, keywords = {HGFK1 expression,non-small cell lung cancer,gefitinib resistance}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26353.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26353_5cfb14ca738fff59b551549b412fa89a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Knowledge, Behavior and Beliefs Related to Cervical Cancer and Screening Among Turkish Women}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1463-1470}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The aims of this study were to explore Turkish women’s knowledge, behavior and beliefs relatedto cervical cancer and screening. Methods: The study was performed in two cities in the East of Turkey betweenSeptember 2009 and April 2010, with a sampling group of 387 women. Data were collected by means of aninterview form with the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test - Turkish Version.Results: Women in the research group were found to have poor knowledge, inadequate health behavior andlow/medium level false beliefs regarding cervical cancer screening. There was relation between health beliefsand characteristics of women and particularly education (F = 10.80, p = 0.01). Similarly, it was found that Papsmear barriers were influenced by demographic characteristics and that women with low-level education (p =0.001), divorced women (p = 0.05), women with low-income(p = 0.05), women who gave their first birth whenthey were 18 or younger (p = 0.05) and women not applying any contraceptive method at all (p = 0.01) weredetermined to have negative Pap smear barriers. Conclusions: Primarily the knowledge, attitudes and beliefsof women in the target group should be evaluated to increase their participation in cervical cancer screeningand to prepare effective education strategies.}, keywords = {cervical cancer screening,Pap smears,Knowledge,behaviors,beliefs,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26354.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26354_20574ee5f859afcc428c7257cf5aa5c7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Treatment of Malignant Melanoma by Downregulation of XIAP and Overexpression of TRAIL with a Conditionally Replicating Oncolytic Adenovirus}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1471-1476}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Aim: Currently available systemic therapies for malignant melanoma produce low responserates in patients, and more effective treatment modalities are clearly needed. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand has a significant impact on therapy for patients with X-linked inhibitor ofapoptosis protein-downregulation malignant melanoma. The primary objective of this study was to assess itstherapeutic potential. Materials and Methods: We employed a conditionally replicating oncolytic adenoviralvector, named CRAd5.TRAIL/siXIAP, with the characteristics of over-expression of the therapeutic gene TRAILand downregulation of XIAP in one vector. B16F10-luc cells were employed to detect anti-tumor activity ofCRAd5.TRAIL/siXIAP in vitro and in vivo. Results: CRAd5.TRAIL/siXIAP enhanced caspase-8 activation andcaspase-3 maturation in B16F10 cells in vitro. Furthermore, it more effectively infected and killed melanomacells in vitro and in vivo than other adenoviruses. Conclusion: Taken together, the combination of upregulationof TRAIL and downregulation of siXIAP with one oncolytic adenoviral vector holds promise for developmentof an effective therapy for melanomas and other common cancers.}, keywords = {Malignant Melanoma,TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand,conditionally replicating oncolytic adenovirus}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26355.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26355_3daa610163a2f0ba5fb5e0900c94a60d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Connection of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Lung}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1477-1482}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are the major histological types of non-small cell lung cancer.Because they differ on the basis of histopathological and clinical characteristics and their relationship withsmoking, their etiologies may be different; for example, different tumor suppressor genes may be related to thegenesis of each type. We used microarray data to construct three regulatory networks to identify potential genesrelated to lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and investigated the similarity and specificity ofthem. In the network, some of the observed transcription factors and target genes had been previously provento be related to lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. We also found some new transcriptionfactors and target genes related to SCC. The results demonstrated that regulatory network analysis is useful inconnection analysis between lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.}, keywords = {Lung cancer,Squamous Cell Carcinoma,adenocarcinoma,regulatory network}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26356.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26356_a876fc00ae29630e74b5600ca33fb013.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Significance of Oligoclonal Bands after Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma Cases}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1483-1486}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To determine the characteristics of oligoclonal bands that are frequently detected by serum proteinelectrophoresis (SPEP) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) after stem cell transplantation. Methods: Weretrospectively analyzed 56 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing transplantation, and standardimmunofixation electrophoresis was used to identify and quantify paraproteins. Results: The median follow-upwas 35 months (range, 10-76months) and 21 patients relapsed. Twelve (25.0%) demonstrated oligoclonal bandsafter a median time 1.4 months (range, 1-3months), with a median duration of 5.8 months (range, 1-15months).The majority patients with oligoclonal bands had normal quantities of immunoglobulins and the one year eventfree survival (EFS) was 92%, even higher than for patients without OBs (P=0.002). Conclusion: Oligoclonalbands frequent develop post-transplantation in MM cases. In the vast majority of patients, they may notrepresent relapsed disease, and more likely represent a transient phenomenon representing recovery of impairedimmunoglobulin production.}, keywords = {multiple myeloma,stem cell transplantation,oligoclonal band,significance}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26357.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26357_2ab66cd70543ee0ff30e40c64d61ee32.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Values of Three Different Preoperative Regimens in Comprehensive Treatment For Young Patients with Stage Ib2 Cervical Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1487-1489}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy,and intracavity brachytherapy in comprehensive treatment for young patients with stage Ib2 cervical cancer.Methods: One hundred and twelve young patients with stage Ib2 cervical cancer were enrolled retrospectively inour hospital from January 2003 to June 2005. They were categorized into three groups according to preoperativeregimens, including the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (Group 1, n=38), the neoadjuvant chemotherapy(Group 2, n=49), and the intracavity brachytherapy group (Group 3, n=25). Radical hysterectomy was performedfollowing these regimens. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given according to pelvic lymph node metastasis,deep cervical stromal invasion, intravascular cancer emboli, histological grading, vaginal stump and positivesurgical margin. Results: The cancer disappearance and superficial muscle invasion rates were statisticallysignificantly better in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group than in the other two groups (P<0.01). Nostatistically significant difference was noted in the deep muscle invasion rate, surgical time and intraoperativeblood loss among three groups, but significantly more postoperative complications occurred in the concurrentchemoradiotherapy group. The 2-year pelvic recurrence was statistically significantly lower in the concurrentchemoradiotherapy group compared to other two groups, while the 5-year survival was higher. Conclusion:Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is efficacious for young patients with stage Ib2 cervical cancer.}, keywords = {concurrent chemoradiotherapy,neoajuvant chemotherapy,Brachytherapy,stage Ib2 cervical cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26358.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26358_bb21a3bc75cdf02e87b5b11ec9aee887.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Is Diabetes Mellitus a Prognostic Factor for Survival in Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1491-1494}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Previous studies have pointed to many different prognostic factors for small cell lung cancer(SCLC) but diabetes mellitus (DM) has not been clearly or consistently identified as of prognostic value. The aimof this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the characteristics of patients and clinical laboratorytests in SCLC. Specifically, we investigated that the impact of DM for survival in the patients receiving first-lineetoposide plus cisplatin (EP) chemotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 161 patients with SCLC witha focus on DM and other potential prognostic variables were chosen for univariate and multivariate analyseswith respect to survival. Result: Among the sixteen variables of univariate analysis, five were identified to haveprognostic significance: performance status (PS) (p <0.001), stage (p=0.001), DM (p=0.005), serum albumin (p<0.001) and hemoglobin levels (p=0.03). Multivariate analysis showed PS, stage and serum albumin level tobe independent prognostic factors for survival (p=0.02, p=0.02 and p=0.009 respectively), but DM was not anindependnet factor. Conclusion: In conclusion, PS, stage and serum albumin level were identified as importantprognostic factors, while DM at the time of diagnosis of SCLC did not have prognostic importance for survival.}, keywords = {small cell lung cancer,Prognostic factors,Diabetes Mellitus,serum factors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26359.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26359_30e914080287d5a75779ff29b9e4e322.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Factors Related to Self-perception of Diet Quality among South Korean Adults}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1495-1504}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Improvements in diet can decrease the cancer rates. The aim of the present study was todetermine the relationships between self-perception of diet quality and personality, impulsiveness, stress,coping strategy, sense of coherence, self-efficacy, and social support. Methods: This cross-sectional studywas conducted using a multiple-stratified random sampling method based on the Korea Census of 2007. InOctober 2009, investigators conducted 15-minute face-to-face interviews with 1,530 South Korean volunteerswho ranged from 30 to 69 years of age without a history of cancer. Results: Respondents were more likelyto perceive that they consumed a healthy diet if they were older than 50 years, lived with a partner, had amonthly family income greater than $4,000 USD, had a low perceived risk of cancer, consumed less alcohol,exercised regularly, had a less agreeable or conscientious personality, had low stress levels, had a highsense of coherence or self-efficacy, and had ample social support. Conclusion: Psychosocial factors, suchas personality, stress, sense of coherence, self-efficacy, and social support, are associated with the selfperceptionof diet quality. Analysis of the factors that contribute to a perceived healthy diet could assist withthe design of educational campaigns.}, keywords = {personality,Stress,sense of coherence,self-efficacy,Social Support,self-perception of diet quality}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26360.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26360_bdbe53c8b20a6f63e0d6929b14df3aea.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effects of Emodin Extracted from Chinese Herbs on Proliferation of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Underlying Mechanisms}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1505-1510}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {To aim of this was to observe emodin-mediated cytotoxicity and its influence on Rad51 and ERCC1 expressioninnon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC cells were cultured in vitro with emodin at various concentrations(0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μmol/L) for 48h and the proliferation inhibition rate was determined by the MTT method.Then, NSCLC were treated with emodin (SK-MES-1 40 μmol/L, A549 70 μmol/L) or 20 μmol/L U0126 (an ERKinhibitor) for 48 h, or with various concentrations of emodin for 48 h and the protein and mRNA expressionsof ERCC1 and Rad51 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot assay, respectively. Emodin exerted asuppressive effect on the proliferation of NSCLC in a concentration dependent manner. Protein and mRNAexpression of ERCC1 and Rad51 was also significantly decreased with the dose. Vacuolar degeneration wasobserved in A549 and SK-MES-1 cell lines after emodin treatment by transmission electron microscopy. Emodinmay thus inhibited cell proliferation in NSCLC cells by downregulation ERCC1 and Rad51.}, keywords = {Non-small lung cell cancer,emodin,ERCC1,RAD51,vacuolar degeneration}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26361.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26361_5b211a1d20806be1737ab5b2ea970d61.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {siRNA Interference with a Proliferation-Inducing Ligand Gene in the Sgr-7901 Gastric Carcinoma Cell Line}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1511-1514}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the influence of siRNA interference with a proliferationinducingligand (APRIL) gene on gastric carcinoma sgr-7901 cell apoptosis. Correlations between APRIL silencingand tyrosine kinase (trka) expression were also explored. Methods: Two APRIL-silencing siRNA vectors wereconstructed, and transfected into human gastric carcinoma sgr-7901 cells, expression before and after transfectionbeing detected using RT-PCR and western blot analyses. The expression of 15 trka genes was detected using RTPCRand apoptotic rates of sgr-7901 were assessed by flow cytometry. Results: The expression levels of receptortrka genes were significantly decreased, and the apoptotic rate of sgr-7901 was significantly increased aftertransfection (P < 0.05). Conclusion: APRIL gene silencing can increase the apoptotic rate of gastric carcinomacells, and inhibit the expression of receptor trka genes. There is a correlation between the signaling pathwaysof APRIL and trka.}, keywords = {Proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) gene,RNA interference,gastric carcinoma,Tyrosine kinase}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26362.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26362_cb21bf32a8b9efbcdddcda1f96b2a25c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Predictive Role of Glutathione-S-transferase Gene Polymorphisms in the Survival of Gastric Cancer Cases}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1515-1518}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: We conducted a prospective study in an Chinese population to detect the association between GSTM,GSTT and GSTP gene polymorphisms and survival of gastric cancer. Methods: A prospective follow-up studywith 317 gastric cancer patients was conducted between January 2003 and January 2005. GSTM1, GSTT1 andGSTP1 genotyping was performed using ABI TaqMan Gene Expression assays. Results: Of 317 patients, 5 werelost to follow-up due to migration, while the remaining 302 patients completed the study. The median follow-uptime was 34.2 months (range: 2 to 60 months), during which a total of 120 (39.1%) died of gastric cancer. TheGSTT1-null genotype showed a significant increased risk of death from gastric cancer, with an HR (95% CI) of1.59 (1.04-3.58). Moreover, we found individuals carrying null-GSTM1 and null-GSTT1 had a moderate higherrisk of death from gastric cancer, with an HR of 1.92 (1.05-3.65). Conclusion: This study reported the carriage ofnull GSTT1 and null GSTM1 might be linked to the higher death risk from gastric cancer in Chinese population.}, keywords = {Glulathione-S-transferases,Polymorphism,survival,Gastric cancer,Chinese patients}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26363.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26363_e0fe3c3b030270b3ddc2fc727d195cad.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Infections in Women Attending Hospitals in Chaozhou of Guangdong Province}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1519-1524}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. Limitedepidemiologic data of HPV prevalence are available for women attending hospitals in southern China. Thisstudy aimed to evaluate the profiles of HPV infection and cytology status in gynecological outpatients inChaozhou City. Methods: A total of 2833 eligible women were enrolled. The HPV GenoArray test was used forHPV detection and genotyping. Nearly one half of the HPV positive women received liquid-based cytology test.Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the predictable effects of age and genotype for categoriesof abnormal cytology. Results: The prevalence of overall, high-risk, and low-risk HPV infection were 24.5%,19.5% and 8.4%, respectively. A U-shaped age-specific prevalence curve was observed in overall HPV and highriskHPV, but not in low-risk HPV, which declined with age increasing. The 6 most common high-risk HPVtype in descending order, were types 52, 16, 58, 18, 68, and 33. Age and HPV genotype were both importantdeterminants of abnormal cytology incidence, the older women (>45 years) and those infected with HPV type16 and/or 18 having the highest risk for abnormal cytology. Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesisthat second-generation HPV prophylactic vaccines including HPV-52 and -58 may offer higher protection forwomen residing in Chaozhou and neighboring cities in Guangdong.}, keywords = {Human papillomavirus - prevalence - outpatients - Guangdong,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26364.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26364_694fff6069a8b31530d4fabe7d584db9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Health and Economic Burden of Major Cancers Due to Smoking in Korea}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1525-1531}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cigarette smoking is one of the most important public health concerns in Korea and worldwide. Anumber of studies have been conducted to measure the health and economic burden of smoking, but thesedid not reflect recent changes such as the decrease in smoking rate and the increase in the incidence ofcancer. The purpose of this study was to provide up-to-date estimates of the health and economic burden ofcancer caused by smoking and to compare the results with those of previous studies. Cancer-related burdenwas assessed with nationally representative data such as claims data from the National Health InsuranceCorporation, and cause of death records from the National Statistical Office and the Korea Health Panel. Wedetermined the smoking-attributable burden by multiplying the smoking-attributable fraction by the totalburden. As a result, the burden of major cancers due to smoking was found to be substantial despite a recentsharp decrease in smoking by the Korean population. The total economic cost reaches $2,234.0 million inmales and $870.0 million in females. Also, the health burden of cancers due to smoking is 2,038.9 disabilityadjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000 individuals in men and 732.2 DALYs per 100,000 individuals inwomen. Among all cancers, cancers of the trachea, lungs and bronchus are the leading causes of health andeconomic burden. The huge burden caused by cancers linked to smoking makes it imperative that adequatepolicies to decrease the prevalence of smoking be developed, particularly considering the recent increase insmoking rate among women.}, keywords = {cost of illness,DALY,cancer,smoking,Korea}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26365.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26365_874521cf7bde4969601306cf728a585d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Modeling of Breast Cancer Prognostic Factors Using a Parametric Log-Logistic Model in Fars Province, Southern Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1533-1537}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {In general, breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in developed as well as somedeveloping countries, often being the second leading cause of cancer mortality after lung cancer. Using aparametric log-logistic model to consider the effects of prognostic factors, the present study focused on the5-year survival of women with the diagnosis of breast cancer in Southern Iran. A total of 1,148 women who werediagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer from January 2001 to January 2005 were included and dividedinto three prognosis groups: poor, medium, and good. The survival times as well as the hazard rates of the threedifferent groups were compared. The log-logistic model was employed as the best parametric model which couldexplain survival times. The hazard rates of the poor and the medium prognosis groups were respectively 13 and3 times greater than in the good prognosis group. Also, the difference between the overall survival rates of thepoor and the medium prognosis groups was highly significant in comparison to the good prognosis group. Use ofthe parametric log-logistic model - also a proportional odds model - allowed assessment of the natural processof the disease based on hazard and identification of trends.}, keywords = {Survival Analysis,log-logistic model,proportional odds,Prognostic factors,breast cancer,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26366.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26366_74ce52f9b07f46687d6cf8e4720c8507.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Risk Factors for Post-ERCP Cholangitis in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer from a Single Referral Center in Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1539-1541}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cholangitis is relatively uncommon but associated mortality is high due to the predisposition in people withunderlying disease. For this recognition of contributing risk factors is necessary. Therefore, the present descriptiveanalyticalcross-sectional survey was designed to determine contributing risk factors for post-ERCP cholangitisin patients with pancreatic cancer. From 2005 to 2010, 110 consecutive cases of pancreatic cancer attending to atertiary referral centre (Taleghani Hospital), Tehran, Iran were recruited. The patients all underwent stentingvia endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). On univariate analysis, a metallic stent type(95% confidence interval (CI) 1.025-11.34, P=0.037), having no jaundice (1.44-2.22, P=0.009), having no pain(1.32-1.91, P=0.026), a history of prior ERCP (1.16-10.37, P=0.020), and having a proximal biliary stone (1.002-5.93, P=0.046) were related to cholangitis. However on multivariate analysis, none of these factors were foundto be contributing risk factors. Cholangitis is avoidable with adequate biliary drainage. Because success ratesare higher and complication rates lower for endoscopists performing large volumes of ERCP, performance ofthe procedure should be concentrated as much as possible in institutions with endoscopists having adequateexperience. Patients with a high risk for complications may be best served by referral to an advanced center.}, keywords = {Therapeutic-ERCP,cholangitis,risk factors,referral center,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26367.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26367_59a983e56fd9a66de08f3c12d15cade0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Breast Cancer in Ardabil Province in the North-West of Iran: an Epidemiological Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1543-1545}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast cancer accounts for about 26% of all newly diagnosed cancers in women aged 20 to 59 years. As part ofa basic program for cancer control, the present cross sectional descriptive study was conducted with the objectiveof determining the epidemiology of breast cancer in Ardabil province during 2003-2010. Necessary informationon 469 recorded cases of breast cancer in the registry were collected by check list from patient’s files and thenanalyzed by statistical methods with SPSS.16 software. Some 455 of the patients (97%) were female, 329 (70.1%)residing in Ardabil. The mean age was 46.8±13.6 and most were in the age group of 40 - 60. The most prevalentpathologic form was infiltrative ductal carcinoma with 316 cases (67.4%), the largest proportion being grade II(30.6%), but very many belonged to grades III and IV (40.5%). Breast cancer in Ardabil province appeared toslightly increase over the period studied. The results were similar to other places in Asia. With regard to this,more widespread studies are required to determine factors influencing the prevalence at low age and also howto promote early detection.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Epidemiology,Incidence rate,Ardabil cancer registry,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26368.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26368_f0457f525023682a98a613f6e294b76c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {First Data On Direct Costs of Lung Cancer Management in Morocco}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1547-1551}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. Its management has asignificant economic impact on society. Despite a high incidence of cancer, so far, there is no national registerfor this disease in Morocco. The main goal of this report was to estimate the medical costs of lung cancer in ourcountry. Methods: We first estimated the number of annual new cases according to stage of the disease on thebasis of the Grand-Casablanca-Region Cancer Registry data. For each sub-group, the protocol of treatmentwas described taking into account the international guidelines, and an evaluation of individual costs during thefirst year following diagnosis was made. Extrapolation of the results to the whole country was used to calculatethe total annual cost of treatments for lung cancer in Morocco. Results: Overall approximately 3,500 new casesof lung cancer occur each year in the country. Stages I and II account for only 4% of cases, while 96% arediagnosed at locally advanced or metastatic stages III and IV. The total medical cost of lung cancer in Moroccois estimated to be around USD 12 million. This cost represents approximately 1% of the global budget of theHealth Department. According to AROME Guidelines, about 86% of the newly diagnosed lung cancer casesneeded palliative treatment while 14% required curative intent therapy. The total cost of early and advancedstages lung cancer management during the first year were estimated to be 4,600 and 3,420 USD, respectively.Conclusion: This study provides health decision-makers with a first estimate of costs and the opportunity toachieve the optimal use of available data to estimate the needs of health facilities in Morocco. A substantialproportion of the burden of lung cancer could be prevented through the application of existing cancer controlknowledge and by implementing tobacco control programs.}, keywords = {Health Costs,Morocco,Lung cancer,Prevention,Mediterranean area}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26369.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26369_8d3e816bc719f72966247e3052b0eae8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Relationship Between Antimetabolite Toxicity and Pharmacogenetics in Turkish Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1553-1556}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Antimetabolites may cause severe toxicity and even toxic death in cancer patients. Our aimwas to evaluate the relationship between antimetabolite toxicity and pharmacogenetics in patients with severeclinical toxicity or alanine transaminase (ALT) elevation after fluorouracil (5FU), capecitabine or methotrexateadministration. Patients and Methods: Cancer patients with severe antimetabolite toxicity were evaluatedfor methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C667T, thymidilate synthase (TS) gene 5´UTRvariable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), dihydroprymidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) gene IVS14+1G/A,Xeroderma pigmentosum (XPD) gene Lys751Gln and X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) geneArg399Gln polymorphisms. Results: Eighteen patients were enrolled, with a male/female ratio of 0.8. They hadosteosarcoma in methotrexate group (n=7), gastrointestinal malignancies in 5FU group (n=9) and breast cancerin the capecitabine group (n=2). Mucositis and dermatitis occurred in all groups, together with ALT elevationin the methotrexate group and 2 toxic deaths were encountered. DPYD, TS, MTHFR, XPD and XRCC1 genepolymorphism rare allele frequencies were observed to be higher than in the general population. Conclusion:Pharmacogenetics might contribute to tailored therapy.}, keywords = {pharmacogenetics,antimetabolite toxicity,methotrexate,fluorouracil}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26370.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26370_196a2b7db4ec7364e6155d8863dc9e5e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinical Outcomes of Downregulation of E-cadherin Gene Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1557-1561}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate the promoter methylation status of the E-cadherin gene in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and its association with clinical pathological parameters, and to explore the relationship betweendownregulation of E-cadherin gene expression and the methylation status of its promoter region. Methods:Nested methylation-specific PCR was performed to examine CpG methylation within the 5’ CpG island of theE-cadherin gene in lung cancer and para-cancerous tissue from 37 patients with primary non-small cell lungcancer. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure the level of E-cadherin mRNA. Results: Ofthirty-seven cases, 12 (32.4%) samples showed aberrant CpG methylation in tumor tissues compared with thecorresponding normal tissues. In addition, a reduction in E-cadherin mRNA levels was observed in 11 of the12 (91.7%) tumor tissues carrying a methylated E-cadherin gene. However, only 10 (43.5%) cases displayedreduced mRNA levels in tumor tissues from the remaining 23 cases (excluding 2 samples from which mRNA wasunavailable) without methylation events. Downregulation of E-cadherin gene expression significantly correlatedwith the promoter methylation status of this gene. Conclusion: These results provide strong evidence that themethylation status of E-cadherin gene contributes to a reduction in the expression of E-cadherin mRNA, andmay play a role in the development and progression of NSCLC.}, keywords = {E-cadherin gene,mRNA expression,paracarcinoma,methylation,non-small cell lung cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26371.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26371_c833b3cd4b19c93048cb0be619628141.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Serum miR-21 Expression in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1563-1567}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {To investigate the relationship between serum miRNA-21 (miR-21) expression in esophageal squamous cellcarcinomas (ESCCs) and its clinicopathologic features, a 1:1 matched case-control study including 21 patientswith ESCC and 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls was carried out. Serum specimens were takenfrom all subjects. Total RNA was extracted and the stem-loop real time polymerase chain reaction was used tomeasure serum miR-21 in both groups. Clinical parameters were assessed to determine associations with serummiR-21 concentrations. Serum miR-21 expression in ESCC samples was significantly higher than in pairedcancer-free samples (P < 0.05). Metastasis was associated with mir-21 expression in serum (P <0.05), ESCCpatients with metastasis having 8.4-fold higher serum miR-21 concentrations than healthy controls. There wereno statistically significant associations between miR-21 expression and clinicopathologic parameters, such asgender (P >0.05), age (P >0.05), tumor location (P >0.05), cell differentiation (P >0.05), TNM staging (P >0.05),whether chemo/radiotherapy had been administered (P > 0.05), or whether surgery had been performed (P >0.05). These findings suggest that the detection of microRNA-21 in serum might serve as a new tumor biomarkerin diagnosis and assessment of prognosis of ESCCs.}, keywords = {miRNA-21-serum,Esophageal carcinoma,Case-control study,clinicopathologic features}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26372.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26372_5d17bfddab7084e78ec9b57d031cf6f5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effect of Luteolin on the Levels of Glycoproteins During Azoxymethane-induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1569-1573}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Luteolin (LUT), a bioflavonoid has been used as a chemopreventive agent world-wide against chemicallyinduced cancer. Hence we designed an experiment to assess chemopreventive action of LUT on lipid peroxidation(LPO) and glycoconjugates in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis. Colon cancer was induced by15 mg/body kg. body weight of AOM and administration of LUT (at the dose of 1.2 mg/kg. body weight) was tillend of the study. Analysis of lipid peroxidative end products such as protein carbonyl (PC), malonadehyde (MDA)and conjucated dienes (CD) demonstrated significant increase in in AOM-induced animals with reduction by LUT(p<0.05) . Increased levels of glycoconjugates such as hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid, fucose and mucoproteinwere analyzed in serum and colon tissues examined histopathologically by periodic acid Schiff’s (PAS) stainingwere also reversed by LUT l(p<0.05) . The secondary marker of colon cancer mucin depleted foci (MDF) wasassessed in control and experimental group of animals. A characteristic increase of MDF was observed in AOMinducedcolon cancer animals. Treatment with LUT decreased the incidence of MDF. These results suggest thatLUT alters the expression of glycoconjugates and suppress colon cancer. Hence, we speculate that LUT can beused as a chemopreventive agent to treat colon cancer.}, keywords = {glycoconjugates,luteolin,azoxymethane,Colon cancer,Lipid peroxidation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26373.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26373_178b2eac17847f575954b3e87cfe18d1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Correlation of CT Perfusion Images with VEGF Expression in Solitary Brain Metastases}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1575-1578}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: To obtain permeability surface (PS) values using multi-slice helical CT perfusion imagingand to evaluate the spatial distribution correlation between PS values and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in solitary brain metastases. Methods: Imaging was performed on 21 patients, PS valuesbeing calculated from the central, border and peripheral parts of tumours. VEGF expression was determinedby immunohistochemical staining. Results: Rim enhancement was found in 16 cases, the border of the tumourfeaturing PS elevation with high VEGF expression in 13 cases. In the 5 cases with nodular enhancement, theborder and the central part had high permeability and VEGF expression was high in all cases, the correlationbeing significant (P<0.01) . Conclusion: VEGF expression in brain metastases positively correlates with PS valuesfrom CT perfusion imaging, so that the latter can be used in the surveillance of angiogenic activity in brainmetastases.}, keywords = {Computed Tomography,X-rays,PS value,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor,Metastases,brain}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26374.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26374_12833b476e48a06b019d6b6e2fc75ae5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Detection and Prognostic Analysis of Serum Protein Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1579-1582}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To assess differences in serum proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Methods:144 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and 50 healthy volunteers were included in this study, withsurface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and weak cation exchange magneticbeads. Follow-up allowed the relations between serum proteins and prognosis to be analyzed. Results: A total of93 protein peaks were detected (molecular weight range: 1500-30000), 10 demonstrating statistically significantdifferences. There were no differences in protein peaks between 92 patients with a survival more than 2 yearsand 52 patients with survival less than 2 years. There were two significantly different protein peaks between 45stage Ⅱ patients with a survival more than 2 years and 14 stage Ⅱ patients with survival less than 2 years. Therewas one significantly different protein peak between 22 stage Ⅲ patients with a survival more than 2 years and29 stage Ⅲ patients with survival less than 2 years. Conclusion: Differences of serum proteins in esophagealsquamous cell carcinoma are related to prognosis of patients. The protein fingerprint can be helpful for clinicaldiagnosis and treatment.}, keywords = {Esophageal Cancer,Prognosis,serum protein fingerprint}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26375.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26375_e7906191a7e8653909ba18c2ef48a6fa.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Salivary Gland Lesions: Routine Diagnostic Experience in Bangkok, Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1583-1588}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is well accepted as a safe, reliable, minimal invasive and cost-effectivemethod for diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. This study evaluated the accuracy and diagnostic performance ofFNA cytology in Thailand. A consecutive series of 290 samples from 246 patients during January 2001-December2009 were evaluated from the archive of the Anatomical Pathology Department of our institution and 133specimens were verified by histopathologic diagnoses, obtained with material from surgical excision or biopsy.Cytologic diagnoses classified as unsatisfactory, benign, suspicious for malignancy and malignant were comparedwith the histopathological findings. Among the 133 satisfactory specimens, the anatomic sites were 70 (52.6%)parotid glands and 63 (47.4 %) submandibular glands. FNA cytological diagnoses showed benign lesions in 119cases (89.5 %), suspicious for malignancy in 3 cases (2.2 %) and malignant in 11 cases (8.3%). From the subsequenthistopathologic diagnoses, 3/133 cases of benign cytology turned out to be malignant lesions, the false negativerate being 2.2 % and 1/133 case of malignant cytology turned out to be a benign lesion, giving a false positive ratewas 0.8%. The overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive valuewere 97.0% (95% CI, 70.6%-99.4%), 81.3% (95% CI, 54.4%-96.0%), 99.1% (95% CI, 95.4%-100%), 92.9%(95% CI, 66.1%-99.8), 97.5% (95% CI, 92.8%-99.5%), respectively. This study indicated that FNA cytology ofsalivary gland is a reliable and highly accurate diagnostic method for diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. It notonly provides preoperative diagnosis for therapeutic management but also can prevent unnecessary surgery.}, keywords = {Salivary gland lesion,fine needle aspiration,Cytology,Diagnostic accuracy,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26376.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26376_deefaecbe9e02a76b89197e76ccdf2d6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Liver Fibrosis and Five Year Survival of Hepatocellular Cancer Cases Undergoing Transcatheter Arterial Chemo Embolization Using Small Doses}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1589-1593}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate liver fibrosis, TGF-β1 levels and curative effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)with small and conventional dose perfusion chemotherapy by transcatheter arterial chemo embolization (TACE).Methods: Thirty-six hepatocellular carcinoma patients not indicated for surgical resection underwent superselectivetranscatheter arterial chemoembolization, divided into small dose (n=15) and conventional dose (n=21)chemotherapy groups. Results: With conventional doses, four indices of liver fibrosis focusing on hyaluronateacide (HA), human procollagen type-Ⅲ (hPC-Ⅲ), collagen type-Ⅳ (Ⅳ-C) and transforming growth factor-βl(TGF-β1) were obviously increased postoperative compared with preoperative (P<0.01); in contrast, with smalldoses there were no significant differences except for TGF-β1. Five year survival demonstrated no significantdifferences between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: To hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated byTACE, reducing doses of chemotherapy drugs can reduce progress of liver fibrosis, without impacting on fiveyear survival.}, keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,Liver fibrosis,survival}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26377.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26377_6d78b6151bc21d6f8f28eab8ae7d835f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Interventional Therapy for Renal Artery Pseudoaneurysms}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1595-1598}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to explore the angiographic diagnosis and embolization therapy for renal arterypseudoaneurysms due to acute urinary tract hemorrhage after conservative medical management failed. Sevenout of ten cases had fever symptoms after the kidney surgery. The pseudoaneurysms were treated with gelatinsponge and (or) spring coil and the majority demonstrated rapid blockage of hemorrhage. Angiography diagnosisand trans catheter embolization are rapid, safe and effective methods for diagnosis and treatment of renal arterypseudoaneurysms.}, keywords = {Interventional therapy,renal arteriography,pseudoaneurysm,kidney surgery}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26378.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26378_7a03291b225527bec55c2db3f3123ed4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Mutational Analysis of the MTHFR Gene in Breast Cancer Patients of Pakistani Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1599-1603}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: Since methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR) maintains the balance of circulating folate and methionine and blocks the formation of homocysteine, its regulation in relation to different cancers has extensively been studied in different populations. However, information on Pakistani breast cancer patients is lacking. The MTHFR gene has two most common mutations that are single nucleotide additions which result in change of amino acids C677T to Ala222val and A1298C to Glu429Ala. Methodology: 110 sporadic breast patients with no prior family history of cancer or any other type of genetic disorders along with 110 normal individuals were screened for mutations in exons 1 to exon 9 using single strand conformational polymorphism, RFLP and sequencing analyzer. Results: The p values for the 677CC, 677CT, and 677TT genotypes were 0.223, 0.006, and 0.077, respectively. Those for the 1298AA, 1298AC, and 1298CC genotypes were 0.555, 0.009, and 0.003, respectively. Conclusions: We found an overall a significant, weak inverse association between breast cancer risk and the 677TT genotype and an inverse association with the 1298C variant. These results for MTHFR polymorphism might be population specific in sporadic breast cancer affected patients but many other factors need to be excluded before making final conclusions including folate intake, population and disease heterogeneity.}, keywords = {MTHFR,SSCP,breast cancer susceptibility gene,Pakistani breast cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26379.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26379_7145a4912257043195c66b4fab9bf6d8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Gelam and Nenas Honeys Inhibit Proliferation of HT 29 Colon Cancer Cells by Inducing DNA Damage and Apoptosis while Suppressing Inflammation}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1605-1610}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Gelam and Nenas monofloral honeys were investigated in this study for their chemopreventive effects againstHT 29 colon cancer cells. MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2Htetrazolim)assays showed more effective inhibition of colon cancer cells proliferation by Gelam honey with IC50values of 39.0 mg/ml and 85.5 mg/ml respectively after 24 hours of treatment. Alkali comet assays revealed bothhoneys increased DNA damage significantly in a dose dependent manner. In addition, annexin V-FITC/PI flowcytometry demonstrated that at IC50 concentrations and above, both Gelam and Nenas honeys induced apoptosissignificantlyat values higher than for necrosis (p<0.05). Measurement of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) confirmed thatGelam and Nenas honeys reduced its production in H2O2 inflammation-induced colon cancer cells. In conclusion,our study indicated and confirmed that both Gelam and Nenas honeys are capable of suppressing the growthof HT 29 colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and suppressing inflammation.}, keywords = {Gelam honey - nenas honey,HT29 cells - antitumor - anti-inflammatory - apoptosis - DNA damage}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26380.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26380_9f016be9a93d15471329b72560fd8186.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Triptolide Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Human Melanoma A375 Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1611-1615}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Triptolide, a diterpenoid obtained from Tripteryglum wilfordii Hook.f, has attracted interest for its antitumoractivities against human tumor cell lines in recent years. This report focuses on anti-proliferative andpro-apoptotic activities in human melanoma A375 cells assessed by CCK8 assay, Hoechst 33258 staining andflow cytometry. In addition, triptolide-induced arrest in the S phase was also observed. Caspase assays showedthe apoptosis induced by triptolide was caspase-dependent and probably through intrinsic apoptotic pathways.Furthermore, expression of NF-kB (p65) and its downstream factors such as Bcl-2, Bcl-XL was down-regulated.Taken together, the data indicate that triptolide inhibits A375 cells proliferation and induces apoptosis by acaspase-dependent pathway and through a NF-kB-mediated mechanism.}, keywords = {Triptolide,melanoma A375 cells,Apoptosis,caspase,NF-KB}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26381.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26381_e0e7068f4dd8356d9dd57751c8b2d966.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Gold Nanoparticles Induce Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1617-1620}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Gold nanoparticles have recently been investigated with respect to biocompatibility accordingto their interactions with cells. The purpose of this study was to examine cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction bywell-characterized gold nanoparticles in human breast epithelial MCF-7 cells. Methods: Apoptosis was assessedby TUNEL, cytotoxicity by MTT assay and caspase 3, 9, p53, Bax and Bcl expression by real-time PCR assays.Results: Gold nanoparticles at up to 200 μg/mL for 24 hours exerted concentration-dependent cytotoxicity andsignificant upregulation of mRNA expression of p53, bax, caspase-3 & caspase-9, whereas expression of antiapoptoticbcl-2 was down-regulated. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge this is the first report showingthat gold nanoparticles induce apoptosis in MCF-7cells via p53, bax/bcl-2 and caspase pathways.}, keywords = {Gold Nanoparticles,MCF-7,Apoptosis,cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26382.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26382_414aabc16a739e76cbfdb4b6aac56b19.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Nutritional Assessment of Cancer Patients in Tehran, Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1621-1626}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Weight loss and malnutrition are common among cancer patients, these twofactors greatly affecting survival and quality of life during treatment. Since cancer is becoming increasinglycommon in the world and in order to provide better treatment measures, it is important to identify and preventside effects. The present study has been conducted in 2010 on a sample of cancer patients in the oncology center ofShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences to determine the prevalence rates of malnutrition and the factorsaffecting it. Methods: The PG-SGA standard questionnaire was administered to 416 cancer patients to evaluatetheir nutrition status and determine the frequency of each malnutrition stage. Correlations and ANOVA testswere used to analyze the relationship between factors and weight loss and how they might affect the developmentof malnutrition. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition among the patients was 53.1% out of which 29.1% hadmoderate and 24% had severe malnutrition. The most common factors inducing nutritional symptoms weredepression and anorexia. Some 35 % of the patients had over 5% weight loss in the last mouth. The averagePG-SGA score was 10.1 with 49 being the highest. 46.1 percent of the patients scored over 9 (requiring criticalnutrient intervention). Malnutrition has a high correlation with weight loss, activity limitations, nutritionalsymptoms, and cancer stage, but low correlation with treatment and pathologic type. Conclusion: Malnutritionhas a high prevalence in Iranian cancer patients and has a close relationship with mortality, morbidity andtreatment-related problems and also quality of life. Therefore, periodical assessment by PG-SGA to detectmalnutrition in patients should be made so that appropriate nutritional interventions can be provided.}, keywords = {Malnutrition,cancer,weight loss,scored patient generated subjective global assessment,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26383.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26383_88b3b5c194adb8174e45fd03b1a886dd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Exploration of Barriers to Breast-Self Examination among Urban Women in Shah Alam, Malaysia: A Cross Sectional Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1627-1632}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Malaysia. Barriers for practicingbreast self examination (BSE) await exploration. Objective: To assess the practice of BSE and its correlatedfactors and particularly barriers amongst urban women in Malaysia. Methods: This cross-sectional study wasconducted with 222 Malaysian women using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The mean (SD) agewas 28.5 (±9.2) years, 59.0% were university graduates. Of the total, 81.1% were aware of breast cancer and55% practiced BSE. Amongst 45% of respondents who did not practice BSE, 79.8% did not know how to doit, 60.6% feared being diagnosed with breast cancer, 59.6% were worried about detecting breast cancer, 22%reported that they should not touch their bodies, 44% and 28% reported BSE is embarrassing or unpleasant,29% time consuming, 22% thought they would never have breast cancer or it is ineffective and finally 20%perceived BSE as unimportant. Logistic regression modeling showed that respondents aged ≥45 years, beingMalay, married and having a high education level were more likely to practice BSE (p<0.05). Conclusion: Inthis study sample, a significant proportion of respondents was aware of breast cancer but did not practice BSE.Knowledge, psychological, cultural, perception and environmental factors were identified as barriers. BSEpractice was associated significantly with socio-demographic factors and socioeconomic status.}, keywords = {Breast self examination,Barriers,urban women,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26384.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26384_a17a99cfabb6ac862e72927042f60aa0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prevalence and Correlation of Oral Lesions among Tobacco Smokers, Tobacco Chewers, Areca Nut and Alcohol Users}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1633-1637}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: The incidence of oral premalignant and malignant lesions is on the rise due to an increasednumber of people taking in tobacco and alcohol related habits. Material and Methods: 1028 patients withtobacco, alcohol and areca nut habits attending our Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology formed thestudy sample. An interviewer based questionnaire was used to record the habit details. All the patients werethen examined clinically for the presence of lesions. Chi square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess thestatistical significance of the study parameters. Results: Males had a higher prevalence and comprised 87.9%of the sample. The commonest habit in this study sample was smoking (39.2%) followed by smokeless tobaccouse (28.1%). Out of the 1028 patients with habits 40% had no clinically detectable changes in their mucosa.Of the mucosal changes leukoplakia (14%) was the commonest. Conclusions: This study provided informationabout the habit trends in the patients visiting this institution. The study may serve as a useful tool in educatingthe patients about the deleterious effects of oral tobacco, alcohol and betel exposure.}, keywords = {Tobacco,betel chewers mucosa,leukoplakia,Oral submucous fibrosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26385.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26385_87ec68d0f0901ed5676a618853fcf1b7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression and Significance of Microsomal Prostaglandin Synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and Beclin-1 in the Development of Prostate Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1639-1644}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and significance of microsomal prostaglandin synthase-1(mPGES-1) and Beclin-1 in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Immunohistochemistry was performed onparaffin-embedded sections with rabbit polyclonal against mPGES-1 and Beclin-1 in 40 PCa, 40 benign prostatichyperplasia (BPH) and 10 normal prostate specimens for this purpose. Quantitative real-time polymerase chainreaction (qRT-PCR) was applied for mRNA expression of mPGES-1 and Beclin-1, while MTT assays were usedto ascertain the best working concentration of the mPGES-1 inhibitor (CAY10526). The effect of CAY10526treatment on expression of Beclin-1 in DU-145 cells was studied using Western blot analysis. Localization ofBeclin-1 and mPGES-1 was in endochylema. Significant differences in expression was noted among PCa, BPHand normal issues (P<0.05). Beclin-1 expression inversely correlated with mPGES-1 expression in PCa tissue(P<0.05). CAY10526 could significantly block mPGES-1 expression and the proliferation of DU-145 cells (P<0.05),while increasing Beclin-1 levels (P<0.05). Overexpression of mPGES-1 could decrease the autophagic PCa celldeath. Inhibiting the expression of mPGES-1 may lead to DU-145 cell death and up-regulation of Beclin-1. Theresults suggest that inhibition of mPGES-1 may have therapeutic potential for PCa in the future.}, keywords = {Microsomal prostaglandin-E synthase-1,Beclin-1,Prostatic Neoplasms}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26386.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26386_6138f5a95425f9905128eba03eb98adc.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Interaction of Coping Styles and Psychological Stress on Anxious and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Breast Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1645-1649}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: This study aimed to assess possible interactive effects of coping styles and psychological stress ondepression and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women shortly after diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods: Fourhundred and one patients with breast cancer were face-to-face interviewed by trained research staff according toa standardized questionnaire including information on socio-demographic characteristics, psychological stress,coping styles, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Interactive effects were assessed by hierarchical multipleregression analyses. Results: There were significant associations of the four domains of psychological stress withanxiety and depressive symptoms except for the relationship between “worrying about health being harmed”and depressive symptoms. “Abreaction coping behavior” and “escaping coping behavior” significantly increasedthe level of both anxiety and depressive symptoms; whereas an “active coping style” reswulted in significantdecrease. The interaction of “active coping behavior” with “worrying about health being harmed” significantlyincreased the risk of the anxiety symptoms, while adopting “self-relaxing coping behavior” was associated withsignificant decrease. The interaction of “worry about daily life and social relationship being restricted” with“escaping coping behavior” significantly increased the risk of the depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The resultsof this study suggest that certain coping styles might moderate the association of psychological stress with anxietyand depressive symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer.}, keywords = {Coping styles,psychological stress,breast cancer,depression,Anxiety,Chinese patients}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26387.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26387_db4e4b7fad0b88e54490bd1953cf3b24.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Efficacy of Pap Test in Combination with ThinPrep Cytological Test in Screening for Cervical Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1651-1655}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of the Pap test in combination with the ThinPrepcytological test (TCT) in screening for cervical cancer in China. Design: From March 2006 to October 2008,988 women with the mean age 46.4 ± 10.5 years (range, 23-80 years) were recruited to receive cervical cancerscreening. Pap test results ≥ grade III and TCT findings ≥ ASCUS/AGUS were considered abnormal. Subjectswith a Pap test result ≥ grade IIb received TCT. Colposcopy and biopsies were performed in all participants, andfinal diagnosis was based on pathological findings. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV),negative predictive value (NPV) and Youden index for predicting CIN I or above were determined. Results:The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and Youden index of the Pap test were 43.1%, 97.2%, 70.0%, 91.9%, and40.3%, respectively. The same values for TCT in predicting CIN were 80.0%, 63.2%, 16.0%, 97.3%, and 43.2%,respectively. The two tests in combination gave values for predicting CIN of 64.8%, 87.6%, 43.6%, 94.4%, and53.5%, respectively. Combined testing exhibited the highest Youden index (53.4%). Conclusion: The Pap testwith a reduced threshold in combination with the TCT has high sensitivity and high specificity in screening forcervical cancer.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,screening method,Pap test,ThinPrep cytological test,Youden index,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26388.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26388_78e575fa8f1fd11d92d2c371d436af91.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Fucosyltransferase IV Enhances Expression of MMP-12 Stimulated by EGF via the ERK1/2, p38 and NF-kB Pathways in A431Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1657-1662}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) has been implicated in cell adhesion, motility, and tumor progression inhuman epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. We previously reported that it promotes cell proliferation throughthe ERK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying FUT4-induced cell invasion remain unknown. In this study we determined the effect of FUT4 on expression of matrixmetalloproteinase (MMP)-12 induced by EGF in A431 cells. Treatment with EGF resulted in an alteration ofcell morphology and induced an increase in the expression of MMP-12. EGF induced nuclear translocation ofnuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and resulted in phosphorylation of IkBα in a time-dependent manner. In addition,ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK were shown to play a crucial role in mediating EGF-induced NF-kB translocationand phosphorylation of IkBα when treated with the MAPK inhibitors, PD98059 and SB203580, which resultedin increased MMP-12 expression. Importantly, we showed that FUT4 up-regulated EGF-induced MMP-12expression by promoting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, thereby inducing phosphorylation/degradation of IkBα, NF-kB activation. Base on our data, we propose that FUT4 up-regulates expression ofMMP-12 via a MAPK-NF-kB-dependent mechanism.}, keywords = {Fucosyltransferase IV,MMP-12,MAPK signaling pathway,NF-KB}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26389.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26389_5d47b181dc0b9a49b501fdf42418a111.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Colorectal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1663-1666}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Objective: Protein expression in colon and rectal cancer (CRC) and paired normal tissues wasexamined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) to identify differentially expressed proteins. Materialsand Methods: Five fresh colorectal cancer and paired adjacent normal tissues were obtained and differentiallyexpressed protein spots were determined using PDQuest software, with identification on the basis of MALDITOFmass spectra. Results: Compared with normal colorectal mucosa, protein abnormal expression of 65 spotsvarying more than 1.5 times were found in 2-DE gels from colorectal cancer samples (P<0.05); forty-two proteinswere up-regulated and 23 were down-regulated; twelve protein spots were identified using mass spectrometry,of which 8 were up-regulated, includimng HSPB1and Annexin A4, while 4 were down-regulated, the resultsbeing consistent with Western blot findings. Conclusions: Two-dimensional electrophoresis reference maps forCRC tissues and adjacent normal mucosa (NMC) were established and 12 differentially expressed proteinswere identified. Up-regulated HSPB1 and Annexin A4 may play many important roles in the pathogenesis ofcolorectal cancer.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis,Mass spectrometry}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26390.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26390_bf231bf9720189a6662ce15a858e455a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Differential Protein Expression in EC304 Gastric Cancer Cells Induced by Alphastatin}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1667-1674}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To explore the differential protein expression profile in EC304 gastric cancer cells induced byalphastatin. Methods: Cultured EC304 cells in the exponential phase of growth were randomly divided intoalphastatin and control groups. Total proteins were extracted and the two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE)technique was applied to analyze differences in expression with ImageMaster 2D Platinum 5.0 software. Proteinswere identified using the MASCOT database and selected differently expressed proteins were characterised bywestern blotting and immunofluorescence. Results: 1350±90 protein spots were detected by the ImageMastersoftware in the 2-DE gel images from the control and alphastatin groups. The match rate was about 72-80% for thespectrum profiles, with 29 significantly different protein spots being identified, 10 upregulated, 16 downregulated,two new and one lost. The MASCOT search scores were 64-666 and the peptide matching numbers were 3-27 withsequence coverage of 8-62%. Twenty-three proteins were checked by mass spectrometry, including decrease inNm23 and profilin-2 isoform b associated with the regulation of actin multimerisation induced by extracellularsignals. Conclusion: The proteome in EC304 cells is dramatically altered by alphastatin, which appears to playan important role in modulating cellular activity and anti-angiogenesis by regulating protein expression andsignal transduction pathways through Nm23 and profilin-2 isoform b, providing new research directions foranti-angiogenic therapy of gastric cancer.}, keywords = {Alphastatin,EC304 gastric cancer cells,proteome,2-DE,Mass spectrometry,Anti-angiogenesis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26391.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26391_6beaf717fda01088506aacbf4fbe5b41.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Adherence to Recommended Treatments for Early Invasive Breast Cancer: Decisions of Women Attending Surgeons in the Breast Cancer Audit of Australia and New Zealand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1675-1682}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: The study aim was to determine the frequency with which women decline clinicians’ treatmentrecommendations and variations in this frequency by age, cancer and service descriptors. Design: The studyincluded 36,775 women diagnosed with early invasive breast cancer in 1998-2005 and attending Australian andNew Zealand breast surgeons. Rate ratios for declining treatment were examined by descriptor, using bilateraland multiple logistic regression analyses. Proportional hazards regression was used in exploratory analyses ofassociations with breast cancer death. Results: 3.4% of women declined a recommended treatment of sometype, ranging from 2.6% for women under 40 years to 5.8% for those aged 80 years or more, and with parallelincreases by age presenting for declining radiotherapy (p<0.001) and axillary surgery (p=0.006). Multipleregression confirmed that common predictors of declining various treatments included low surgeon case load,treatment outside major city centres, and older age. Histological features suggesting a favourable prognosiswere often predictive of declining various treatments, although reverse findings also applied with women withpositive nodal status being more likely to decline a mastectomy and those with larger tumours more likely todecline chemotherapy. While survival analyses lacked statistical power due to small numbers, higher risksof breast cancer death were suggested, after adjusting for age and conventional clinical risk factors, (1) forwomen not receiving breast surgery for unstated reasons (RR=2.29; p<0.001); and (2) although not approachingstatistical significance p≥ 0.200), for women declining radiotherapy (RR=1.22), a systemic therapy (RR1.11),and more specifically, chemotherapy (RR=1.41). Conclusions: Women have the right to choose their treatmentsbut reasons for declining recommendations require further study to ensure that choices are well informed andclinical outcomes are optimized.}, keywords = {Early breast cancer,declining treatment,survival}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26392.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26392_32737111c58562eca55a2e92665e6cd1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Unusual Intronic Variant in GSTP1 in Head and Neck Cancer in Pakistan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1683-1686}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {In the present case control study mRNA expression of the GSTP1 gene, encoding a phase II enzyme thatdetoxifies via glutathione conjugation, was investigated using semiquantitative PCR followed by SSCP for 49confirmed head and neck (HN) cancer and 49 control samples. It was found that GSTP1 was upregulated insignificantly higher number of cancers (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.2- 15.3). Grade wise correlation was also observedwith more up regulation in patients with more advanced grades of HN carcinomas. We also found that 5 patientsshowed variation in mRNA with a larger product size than expected. Sequencing revealed insertion of an intronicsegment between the 6th and 7th exon of the GSTP1 gene. Germline screening was performed showing mobilityshifts which suggested mutation at the DNA level resulting in intronic portion retention. This study is of primeimportance for drug design and treatment selection to overcome increased resistance of HN cancers to drugsdue to alteration in the GSTP1 gene.}, keywords = {GSTP1,head and neck cancer,transcript,Mutation,variant}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26393.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26393_e3c2aede8b7a0b3d25ebbb5ff6ac1d0b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Theoretically Informed Correlates of Hepatitis B Knowledge among Four Asian Groups: The Health Behavior Framework}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1687-1692}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Few studies have examined theoretically informed constructs related to hepatitis B (HBV) testing,and comparisons across studies are challenging due to lack of uniformity in constructs assessed. The presentanalysis examined relationships among Health Behavior Framework factors across four Asian American groupsto advance the development of theory-based interventions for HBV testing in at-risk populations. Methods: Datawere collected from 2007-2010 as part of baseline surveys during four intervention trials promoting HBV testingamong Vietnamese-, Hmong-, Korean- and Cambodian-Americans (n = 1,735). Health Behavior Frameworkconstructs assessed included: awareness of HBV, knowledge of transmission routes, perceived susceptibility,perceived severity, doctor recommendation, stigma of HBV infection, and perceived efficacy of testing. Withineach group we assessed associations between our intermediate outcome of knowledge of HBV transmission andother constructs, to assess the concurrent validity of our model and instruments. Results: While the absolutelevels for Health Behavior Framework factors varied across groups, relationships between knowledge and otherfactors were generally consistent. This suggests similarities rather than differences with respect to posited driversof HBV-related behavior. Discussion: Our findings indicate that Health Behavior Framework constructs areapplicable to diverse ethnic groups and provide preliminary evidence for the construct validity of the HealthBehavior Framework.}, keywords = {Health behavior framework,liver cancer control,HBV testing,health behavior theory}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26394.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26394_660cb914361ef6c9ee29acf7a1742f2b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Radiosensitivity Enhancement by Arsenic Trioxide in Conjunction with Hyperthermia in the EC-1 Esophageal Carcinoma Cell Line}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1693-1697}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To explore the effect on radiosensitivity of arsenic trioxide (As203) in conjunction with hyperthermiaon the esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cell line. Method: Inhibition of EC-1 cell proliferation at differentconcentrations of As203 was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl blue colorimetric method (MTT method),with calculation of IC50 value and choice of 20% of the IC50 as the experimental drug concentration. Blankcontrol, As203, hyperthermia, radiotherapy group, As203 + hyperthermia, As203 + radiotherapy, hyperthermia +radiotherapy and As203 + hyperthermia + radiotherapy groups were established, and the cell survival fraction(SF) was calculated from flat panel colony forming analysis, and fitted by the ‘multitarget click mathematicalmodel’. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect changes in cell apoptosis and the cell cycle. Results: As203exerted inhibitory effects on proliferation of esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells, with an IC50of 18.7 μmol/L. Afterjoint therapy of As203 + hyperthermia + radiotherapy, the results of FCM showed that cells could be arrested inthe G2/M phase, and as the ratio of cells in G0/G1 and S phases decreased, cell death became more pronounced.Conclusion: As203 and hyperthermia exert radiosensitivity effects on esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells, withsynergy in combination. Mechanistically, As203 and hyperthermia mainly influence the cell cycle distribution ofEC-1 esophageal carcinoma cells, decreasing the repair of sublethal damage and inducing apoptosis, therebyenhancing the killing effects of radioactive rays.}, keywords = {As203,Hyperthermia,Radiosensitivity,EC-1 cell line}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26395.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26395_c2d612c08d23a0d67d31df3a270ecb47.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evidence-based Screening, Early Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy of Cervical Cancer for National Policy in Lowresource countries: Example of India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1699-1703}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cervical cancer remains the most frequent cancer in women from the developing world. More than 88%of deaths occur in low-income countries, and it is predicted to climb to 91.5% by 2030. Although Pap-basedscreening programmes have shown to be effective in reducing the disease burden in high-resource countries,implementation and sustention of cytology-based programmes is quite challenging in low-resource settings. Thepresent paper reviews evidence-based alternatives of screening methods, triaging algorithm, treatment of cervicalprecancerous lesions, and age-group at screening appropriate for low-income countries. Evidence shows thatvisual inspection methods using diluted acid acetic or Lugol’s iodine, and HPV-DNA testing are more sensitivetests than the Pap-smear screening test. Visual inspection allows an immediate result and, when appropriate,may be immediately followed by cryotherapy, the so called “screen-and-treat” approach, achieved in a singlevisit, by trained nurses and midwives. Examples of cervical cancer prevention programmes in India and selectedlow-income countries are given.}, keywords = {Cervical neoplasm &#8211,screening methods &#8211,early detection &#8211,screen-and-treat approach &#8211,low-income countries}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26396.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26396_c41dc71f22bc6bffa3ec0848f9b811f1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Molecular Targeting Agents in Cancer Therapy: Science and Society}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1705-1708}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The inception of targeted agents has revolutionized the cancer therapy paradigm, both for physicians andpatients. A large number of molecular targeted agents for cancer therapy are currently available for clinicaluse today. Many more are in making, but there are issues that remain to be resolved for the scientific as wellas social community before the recommendation of their widespread use in may clinical scenarios can be done,one such issue being cost and cost effectiveness, others being resistance and lack of sustained efficacy. With thecurrent knowledge about available targeted agents, the growing knowledge of intricate molecular pathways andunfolding of wider spectrum of molecular targets that can really matter in the disease control, calls for only thejust use of the agents available now, drug companies need to make a serious attempt to reduce the cost of theagents. Research should focus on agents that show sustained responses in preclinical data. More needs to bedone in laboratories and by the pharmaceutical industries, before we can truly claim to have entered a new eraof targeted therapy in cancer care.}, keywords = {Cancer therapy,targeted agents}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26397.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26397_aef0ecd8c8b0447d5ba5a41569cd3066.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Population-Based Cancer Registration in Indonesia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1709-1710}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cancer is a major public health problem in Indonesia, becoming the 7th largest cause of death based on anational survey in 2007, accounting for 5.7 of all mortality. A cancer registry was started in 1970, but it waspartial and was stopped mainly because no government body was responsible. Realizing the above situation,the Indonesian government established the Sub Directorate of Cancer Control within the Ministry of Health,with responsibility for developing a national cancer control program, including a cancer registry. A sustainablecancer registry was then started in 2007 within Jakarta Province, first hospital-based but then expanded to bepopulation-based. Steps of cancer registration in Jakarta are data collection, data verification, data validation,data management and analysis, and data publication. Data collection is conducted by health facilities (hospitals,laboratories, primary health centers) at the district/municipal level, with reports to the provincial level. Dataare collected passively by holding meetings every three months in the district/municipality. Verification of datais the responsibility of the medical doctor or pathologist in each data source. Data validation is conducted by ateam in the cancer registry, consisting of district/municipal/province health officers, pathologists, and registrars.Data management and analyses are conducted by a cancer registry team at the provincial level, assisted bythe national team. We use software named Indonesian Cancer Registry System (SRIKANDI) which is adoptedfrom CanReg4 IARC. Data from the population-based cancer registry in Jakarta Province showed the leadingcancers among females in 2005-2007 to be breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer andamong males are bronchus and lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pharyngeal cancer, and prostatecancer. The leading childhood cancers are leukaemia and retinoblastoma.}, keywords = {Cancer registration - population-based - Jakarta,Indonesia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26398.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26398_286f4ccdb00c5644a28ddd01b1b4048d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The Maori, Behavior, Modern Diets and Colorectal Cancers}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1711-1712}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Variation in diet and the rates of colorectal cancers have confounded researchers in recent years. Comparisonsof populations in different geographic locations and of different ethnic origins have shown considerable differencesin disease frequency, location and relation to diet. This paper revisits an earlier comparison of Maori rates ofdisease and diet based on data from 20 years ago with surprising changes in disease rates today.}, keywords = {Maori,colorectal cancers,behavior and disease,diet and pathology}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26399.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26399_dd63653434a3be64e898056e40579842.pdf} }