@article { author = {}, title = {Advanced Imaging Applications for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1713-1718}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Advanced imaging approaches (computed tomography, CT; magnetic resonance imaging, MRI;18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, FDG PET) have increased roles in cervical cancer stagingand management. The recent FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) recommendationsencouraged applications to assess the clinical extension of tumors rather than relying on clinical examinationsand traditional non-cross sectional investigations. MRI appears to be better than CT for primary tumors andadjacent soft tissue involvement in the pelvis. FDG-PET/CT has increased in usage with a particular benefitfor whole body evaluation of tumor metabolic activity. The potential benefits of advanced imaging are assistingselection of treatment based upon actual disease extent, to adequately treat a tumor with minimal normal tissuecomplications, and to predict the treatment outcomes. Furthermore, sophisticated external radiation treatmentand brachytherapy absolutely require advanced imaging for target localization and radiation dose calculation.}, keywords = {locally advanced cervical cancer,advanced imaging,CT,MRI,PET/CT}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26489.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26489_6a1ec3ad5dbb8368910b6319740d10bd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {WAVEs: A Novel and Promising Weapon in the Cancer Therapy Tool Box}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1719-1722}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein family Verprolin - homologous proteins (WAVEs), encoded by ametastasis promoter gene, play considerable roles in adhesion of immune cells, cell proliferation, migration anddestruction of foreign agents by reactive oxygen species. These diverse functions have lead to the hypothesisthat WAVE proteins have multi-functional roles in regulating cancer invasiveness, metastasis, developmentof tumor vasculature and angiogenesis. Differentials in expression of WAVE proteins are associated with anumber of neoplasms include colorectal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lung squamous cell carcinoma, humanbreast adenocarcinoma and prostate cancer. In this review we attempt to unify our knowledge regarding WAVEproteins, focusing on their potentials as diagnostic markers and molecular targets for cancer therapy.}, keywords = {Wiskott-aldrich family verprolin- homologous protein,Wave,actin-cytoskeleton,Metastasis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26490.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26490_6e5c13f53f3d7c2f76ee0eecff16e84c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Research Progress in Potential Urinary Markers for the Early Detection, Diagnosis and Follow-up of Human Bladder Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1723-1726}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To summarize and evaluate various urinary markers for early detection, diagnosis and followupof human bladder cancer. Methods: A MEDLINE and PUBMED search of the latest literature on urinarymarkers for bladder cancer was performed. We reviewed these published reports and made a critical analysis.Results: Most urinary markers tend to be less specific than cytology, yielding more false-positive results, butdemonstrating an advantage in terms of sensitivity, especially for detecting low grade, superficial tumors. Sometumor markers appear to be good candidates for early detection, diagnosis, and follow-up of human bladdercancer. Conclusion: A number of urinary markers are currently available that appear to be a applicable forclinical detection, diagnosis, and follow-up of bladder cancer. However, further studies are required to determinetheir accuracy and widespread applicability.}, keywords = {bladder cancer,Tumor marker,Detection,Diagnosis,follow-up}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26491.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26491_06586b80dbb364ead0b8eb4762a7d6f9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Recent Candidate Molecular Markers: Vitamin D Signaling and Apoptosis Specific Regulator of p53 (ASPP) in Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1727-1735}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Regardless of advances in treatment modalities with the invention of newer therapies, breast cancer remains amajor health problem with respect to its diagnosis, treatment and management. This female malignancy with itstremendous heterogeneous nature is linked to high incidence and mortality rates, especially in developing regionof the world. It is the malignancy composed of distinct biological subtypes with diverse clinical, pathological,molecular and genetic features as well as different therapeutic responsiveness and outcomes. This inconsistencycan be partially overcome by finding novel molecular markers with biological significance. In recent years, newertechnologies help us to indentify distinct biomarkers and increase our understanding of the molecular basis ofbreast cancer. However, certain issues need to be resolved that limit the application of gene expression profilingto current clinical practice. Despite the complex nature of gene expression patterns of cDNAs in microarrays,there are some innovative regulatory molecules and functional pathways that allow us to predict breast cancerbehavior in the clinic and provide new targets for breast cancer treatment. This review describes the landscapeof different molecular markers with particular spotlight on vitamin D signaling pathway and apoptotic specificprotein of p53 (ASPP) family members in breast cancer.}, keywords = {breast cancer,molecular biomarkers,Vitamin D signaling pathway,apoptotic specific protein of p53}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26492.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26492_db320f4052b3434f11bcf80b50641a6c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor: a Potential Marker for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1737-1744}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pluripotent cytokine which plays roles in inflammation,immune responses and cancer development. It assists macrophages in carrying out functions like phagocytosis,adherence and motility. Of late, MIF is implicated in almost all stages of neoplasia and expression is a feature ofmost types of cancer. The presence of MIF in almost all tumors and all stages of cancer makes it an interestingcandidate for cancer therapy. This review explores the roles of MIF in neoplasia.}, keywords = {MIF,immune suppression,p53,hypoxia,neoplasia,Metastasis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26493.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26493_f8dcb32fe04f03dd7113f35eb8fe9d97.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Lack of Association Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Oral Lichen Planus}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1745-1747}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Oral lichen planus is a premalignant chronic inflammatory mucosal disorder with unknown etiology. It is amultifactorial disease and in addition to genetic background, infections, stress, drug reactions are suggested asrisk factors. Helicobacter pylori which is involved in development of many gastrointestinal lesions may also beimplicated in oral lichen planus induction. This is of clear importance for cancer prevention and the present studywas performed to determine any association between H. pylori infection and oral lichen planus in southwesternIran. Anti H. pylori IgG levels were determined in 41 patients and 82 sex-age matched controls. The resultsshowed no association between H. pylori infection and oral lichen planus (51% in patients vs. 66% in control).or any of its clinical presentations.}, keywords = {Oral lichen planus,Helicobacter pylori,etiological factor,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26494.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26494_dd23eaf962df2d14c624787fe96b39aa.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {No Association Between the USP7 Gene Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancer in the Chinese Han Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1749-1752}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC), now the third most common cancer across the world, is known to aggregate infamilies. USP7 is a very important protein with an important role in regulating the p53 pathway, which iscritical for genomic stability and tumor suppression. We here genotyped eight SNPs within the USP7 gene andconducted a case-control study in 312 CRC patients and 270 healthy subjects in the Chinese Han population.No significant associations were found for any single SNP and CRC risk. Our data eliminate USP7 as a potentialcandidate gene towards for CRC in the Han Chinese population.}, keywords = {association,USP7 gene,colorectal cancer,Chinese Han population}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26495.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26495_311f811645a9b1820a448fd7d7764745.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of Health Education in the Multi-professional Intervention and Training for Ongoing Volunteer-based Community Health Programme in the North-East of Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1753-1755}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This was a survey research conducted in Northestern Thailand during 2009-2010 and designed to evaluatethe success of a health education program by comparing levels of health knowledge in the community before andafter the launching of a Multi-professional Intervention and Training for Ongoing Volunteer-based CommunityHealth Programme. The survey questionnaire included items about demographic characteristics and healthknowledge. The participants were 1,015 members of various communities, who were randomly selected to beincluded in the survey before launching the intervention, and 1,030 members of the same communities randomlyselected to be included in the survey after the intervention was completed. The demographic characteristics ofboth groups were similar. Overall knowledge and knowledge of all the diseases, except lung and cervical cancer,were significantly higher after the intervention. In conclusion, a Volunteer-based Community Health Programmehas advantages for areas where the numbers of health personnel are limited. The use of trained communityhealth volunteers may be one of the best sustainable alternative means for the transfer of health knowledge.}, keywords = {Health Education,volunteer programme,intervention,North-East Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26496.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26496_b45f9ba784cc35e68b95e43c8bf78325.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Down-Regulation of CYP1A1 Expression in Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1757-1760}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast cancer is a major cause of death in women worldwide. Mammary tissue expressing xenobioticmetabolizing enzymes metabolically activate or detoxify potential genotoxic breast carcinogens. Deregulationof these xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes is considered to be a major contributory factor to breast cancer. Thepresent study is focused on the expression of the xenobiotic metabolizing gene, CYP1A1, in breast cancer and itspossible relationships with different risk factors. Twenty five tumors and twenty five control breast tissue sampleswere collected from patients undergoing planned surgery or biopsy from different hospitals. Semi-quantitativereverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western-blotting were used to investigate theexpression of CYP1A1 in breast cancer control and disease samples. mRNA expression of CYP1A1 was downregulatedin 40% of breast tumor samples. Down-regulation was also observed at the protein level. Significnatrelations were noted with marital status and tumour grade but not histopathological type. In conclusion, CYP1A1protein expression was markedly reduced in tumor breast tissues samples as compared to paired control tissuesamples.}, keywords = {CYP1A1,genotoxic,Expression,mRNA}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26497.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26497_7b526f922c0b24f526cb259f0ebb98e0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Repeat Colonoscopy Every 10 Years or Single Colonoscopy for Colorectal Neoplasm Screening in Average-risk Chinese: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1761-1766}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The appropriate interval between negative colonoscopy screenings is uncertain, but thenumbers of advanced neoplasms 10 years after a negative result are generally low. We aimed to evaluate thecost-effectiveness of colorectal neoplasm screening and management based on repeat screening colonoscopy every10 years or single colonoscopy, compared with no screening in the general population. Methods and materials:A state-transition Markov model simulated 100,000 individuals aged 50–80 years accepting repeat screeningcolonoscopy every 10 years or single colonoscopy, offered to every subject. Colorectal adenomas found duringcolonoscopy were removed by polypectomy, and the subjects were followed with surveillance every three years.For subjects with a normal result, colonoscopy was resumed within ten years in the repeat screening strategy. Insingle screening strategy, screening process was terminated. Direct costs such as screening tests, cancer treatmentand costs of complications were included. Indirect costs were excluded from the model. The incremental costeffectivenessratio was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the different screening strategies. Results:Assuming a first-time compliance rate of 90%, repeat screening colonoscopy and single colonoscopy can reducethe incidence of colorectal cancer by 65.8% and 67.2% respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio forsingle colonoscopy (49 Renminbi Yuan [RMB]) was much lower than that for repeat screening colonoscopy (474RMB). Single colonoscopy was a more cost-effective strategy, which was not sensitive to the compliance rate ofcolonoscopy and the cost of advanced colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Single colonoscopy is suggested to be themore cost-effective strategy for screening and management of colorectal neoplasms and may be recommendedin China clinical practice.}, keywords = {Cost-efficacy,colonoscopy,colorectal neoplasm,Screening}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26498.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26498_a4244b58b3b0f3b1060e363553c01f34.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinical, Endoscopic and Pathogical Characteristics of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Vietnamese}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1767-1770}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The Asia Pacific consensus for colorectal cancer (CRC) recommends that screening programsshould begin by the age of 50. However, there have been reports about increasing incidence of CRC at a youngerage (i.e. early-onset CRC). Little is known about the features of early-onset CRC in the Vietnamese population.Aim: To describe the clinical, endoscopic and pathological characteristics of early-onset CRC in Vietnamese.Method: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Medical Center from March2009 to March 2011. All patients with definite pathological diagnosis of CRC were recruited. The early-onsetCRC group were analyzed in comparison with the late-onset (i.e. ≥ 50-year-old) CRC group. Results: The rateof early-onset CRC was 28% (112/400) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3. Some 22.3% (25/112) of the patientsonly experienced abdominal pain and/or change in bowel habit without alarming symptoms, 42.9% (48/112)considering their symptoms intermittent. The rate of familial history of CRC in early-onset group was significantlyhigher that of the late-onset group (21.4% versus 7.6%, p<0.001). The distribution of CRC lesions in rectum,distal and proximal colon were 51.8% (58/112), 26.8% (30/112) and 21.4% (24/112), respectively; which was notdifferent from that in the late-onset group (χ2, p = 0.29). The rates for poorly differentiated tumors were also notsignificantly different between the two groups: 12.4% (14/112) versus 8.3% (24/288) (χ2, p = 0.25). Conclusion:A high proportion of CRC in Viet Nam appear at an earlier age than that recommended for screening by theAsia Pacific consensus. Family history was a risk factor of early-onset CRC. Diagnosis of early-onset CRC needsmore attention because of the lack of alarming symptoms and their intermittent patterns as described by thepatients.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,Early-onset,familial history,Viet Nam}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26499.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26499_fca62fe956eaa5b92fa67110a90f0a02.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Recurrence after Anatomic Resection Versus Nonanatomic Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1771-1777}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The impact of anatomic resection (AR) as compared to non-anatomic resection (NAR) for hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) as a factor for preventing intra-hepatic and local recurrence after the initial surgical procedureremains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis of nonrandomized trials comparing anatomicresection with non-anatomic resection for HCC published from 1990 to 2010 in PubMed and Medline, CochraneLibrary, Embase, and Science Citation Index were therefore performed. Intra-hepatic recurrence, including earlyand late, and local recurrence were considered as primary outcomes. As secondary outcomes, 5 year survivaland 5 year disease-free survival were considered. Pooled effects were calculated utilizing either fixed effects orrandom effects models. Eleven non-randomized studies including 1,576 patients were identified and analyzed,with 810 patients in the AR group and 766 in the NAR group. Patients in the AR group were characterized bylower prevalence of cirrhosis, more favorable hepatic function, and larger tumor size and higher prevalence ofmacrovascular invasion compared with patients in the NAR group. Anatomic resection significantly reducedthe risks of local recurrence and achieved a better 5 years disease-free survival. Also, anatomic resection wasmarginally effective for decreasing the early intra-hepatic recurrence. However, it was not advantageous inpreventing late intra-hepatic recurrence compared with non-anatomic resection. No differences were foundbetween AR and NAR with respect to postoperative morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization. Anatomic resectioncan be recommended as superior to non-anatomic resection in terms of reducing the risks of local recurrence,early intra-hepatic recurrence and achieving a better 5 year disease-free survival in HCC patients.}, keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,anatomic resection,non-anatomic resection,Recurrence,survival,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26500.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26500_05f4bea424af2e9523652036b40e1567.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Gastric Precancerous Lesions in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Known Gastric Cancer: a Cross-Sectional Prospective Study in Guilan Province, North of Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1779-1782}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background & Objectives: In patients with gastric cancer, the most frequently reported family historyof cancer also involves the stomach. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of gastric precancerouslesions in first-degree relatives of patients with gastric cancer and to compare the obtained results with thoseof individuals with no such family history. Methods: Between 2007 and 2009, 503 consecutive persons morethan 30 years old were enrolled in the study covering siblings, parents or children of patients with confirmedadenocarcinoma of stomach. The control group was made up of 592 patients who were synchronously undergoingupper gastrointestinal endoscopy for evaluation of dyspepsia without gastric cancer or any family history. Allsubjects were endoscopically examined. Results: The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 77.7% in thecancer relatives and in 75.7% in the control group. Chronic gastritis was found in 90.4% vs. 81.1% (P<0.001).Regarding histological findings, 37(7.4%) of the study group had atrophy vs. 12(1.7%) in the control group(P<0.001), while no difference was observed for intestinal metaplasia (20.3%vs. 21.6%, P=0.58). Dysplasia wereshown in 4% of cancer relatives but only 0.4% of the control group (P<0.001). There was no gender specificity.Conclusions: Findings of our study point to great importance of screening in relatives of gastric cancer patientsin Iran.}, keywords = {Gastric cancer,relatives,Guilan,Iran,Screening}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26501.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26501_d5641f2147ab322c47c3268f7fa47297.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Obviously Increasing Incidence Trend for Males but Stable Pathological Proportions for Both Genders: Esophageal Cancer in Zhongshan of China from 1970-2007}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1783-1786}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: To analyze esophageal cancer incidence and pathological data of Zhongshan in China in 1970-2007, and to provide scientific information for its prevention and control. Methods: From Zhongshan CancerRegistry esophageal cancer incident and pathological data were obtained. Pathological proportions and trendswere calculated and analyzed. Results: Although there was a continuously and obviously increasing trend formale incidence rates in 1970-2007 in Zhongshan, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AD)incident proportions during 1990-2007 remained relatively stable. Moreover, SCC was the major pathologicaltype, accounting for 70.6 percent of all new cases, while AD were relatively few and accounted for only 2.66percent throughout the period. Conclusion: The male esophageal cancer incident pattern in Zhongshan in 1970-2007 was quite different from most other domestic areas. The data suggest that etiological analysis should beenhanced for improved control in Zhongshan.}, keywords = {Esophageal cancer - incidence - pathology - trends - Zhongshan,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26502.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26502_18e8d9907fe687292a41add970054acc.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Updated Meta-analysis of the TP53 Arg72Pro Polymorphism and Gastric Cancer Risk}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1787-1791}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The p53 tumor suppressor pathway plays an important role in gastric cancer (GC) development.Auto-regulatory feedback control of p53 expression is critical to maintaining proper tumor suppressor function. Sofar, several studies between p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and GC have generated controversial and inconclusiveresults. Methods: To better assess the purported relationship, we performed a meta-analysis of 19 publications.Eligible studies were identified by searching the Pubmed database. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidenceintervals (CIs) were estimated to assess any link. Results: Overall, a significant association was detected betweenthe p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and GC risk (Pro-allele vs. Arg-allele: OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.01-1.08; Pro/Provs. Arg/Arg: OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.04-1.22). Moreover, on stratified analysis by race, significantly increased riskwas found for Asian populations (Pro-allele vs. Arg-allele: OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 1.02-1.10; Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg:OR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.07-1.26; Pro/Pro+Pro/Arg vs. Arg/Arg: OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.09-2.27). Conclusions: Ourstudy provided evidence that the p53 72Pro allele may increase GC risk in Asians. Future studies with largersample size are warranted to further confirm this association in more detail.}, keywords = {p53,gastric cancer- polymorphism- meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26503.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26503_42dc46141bba8a5d1bae92e83325964b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Neurotrophic Artemin Promotes Motility and Invasiveness of MIA PaCa-2 Pancreatic Cancer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1793-1797}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To analyze the capacity of neurotrophic artemin to promote the motility and invasiveness of MIAPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. Methods: MIA PaCa-2 was cultured in vitro and studied using transwell chambersfor motility and invasiveness on treatment with different concentrations of aArtemin or its receptor GFRα3were also determined. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin)was quantified using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results: MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell motility andinvasiveness was significantly increased with artemin and its receptor GFRα3 with dose dependence (P<0.01).MMP-2 production was also significantly increased (t = 6.35, t = 7.32), while E-cadherin was significantly lowered(t = 4.27, t = 5.61) (P <0.01). Conclusion: Artemin and its receptor GFRα3 can promote pancreatic cancer cellmotility and invasiveness and contribute to aggressive behavior. The mechanism may be related to increasedexpression of MMP-2 molecule and down-regulation of E-cadherin expression.}, keywords = {Artemin,invasiveness,motility,Pancreatic cancer,MMP-2,E-cadherin}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26504.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26504_ea28841afd3b53ca4c5db89b27c05117.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Predictive Value of Excision Repair Cross-complementing Rodent Repair Deficiency Complementation Group 1 and Ovarian Cancer Risk}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1799-1802}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: We aimed to analyze the association between excision repair cross-complementing rodent repairdeficiency complementation group 1 (XRCC1) and ovarian cancer risk. Methods: We performed a hospital-basedcase-control study with 155 cases and 313 controls in China. All Chinese cases with newly diagnosed primaryovarian cancer between May 2005 to May 2010 in our hospital were invited to participate within 2 months ofdiagnosis. Controls were randomly selected from people who requested general health examinations in the samehospital during the same period. SNPs in EXCC1, ERCC1 C8092A and ERCC1 T19007C, were analyzed byPCR-RFLP method. Results: We observed a non-significantly increased risk of ovarian cancer among individualswith ERCC1 8092TT compared with those with the 8092CC genotype (adjusted OR=1.55, 95% CI%=0.74-2.97).Moreover, 19007TT genotype carriers also showed a non-significant increased risk of ovarian cancer over thosewith the 19007CC genotype (adjusted OR=1.78, 95% CI%=0.91-3.64). Conclusion: Our firstly investigationof links between polymorphisms in the ERCC1 gene and the risk of ovarian cancer in Chinese populationdemonstrated no significant association. Further large sample studies in Chinese populations are needed.}, keywords = {Ovarian cancer - ERCC1 &#8211,polymorphism - Chinese population}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26505.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26505_48c4c90aee950dd31ede4e1ff7453b13.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {hOGG1, p53 Genes, and Smoking Interactions are Associated with the Development of Lung Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1803-1808}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ser/Cys polymorphism in hOGG1 gene, Arg/Pro polymorphismin p53 gene, smoking and their interactions on the development of lung cancer. Ser/Cys polymorphism inhOGG1 and Arg/Pro polymorphism in p53 among 124 patients with lung cancer and 128 normal people weredetected using PCR-RFLP. At the same time, smoking status was investigated between the two groups. Logisticregression was used to estimate the effects of Ser/Cys polymorphism and Arg/Pro polymorphisms, smoking andtheir interactions on the development of lung cancer. ORs (95% CI) of smoking, hOGG1 Cys/Cys and p53 Pro/Pro genotypes were 2.34 (1.41-3.88), 2.12 (1.03-4.39), and 2.12 (1.15-3.94), respectively. The interaction modelof smoking and Cys/Cys was super-multiplicative or multiplicative, and the OR (95% CI) for their interactionitem was 1.67 (0.36 -7.78). The interaction model of smoking and Pro/Pro was super-multiplicative with anOR (95%CI) of their interaction item of 5.03 (1.26-20.1). The interaction model of Pro/Pro and Cys/Cys wasmultiplicative and the OR (95%CI) of their interaction item was 0.99 (0.19-5.28). Smoking, hOGG1 Cys/Cys,p53 Pro/Pro and their interactions may be the important factors leading to the development of lung cancer.}, keywords = {hOGG1 gene,Lung cancer,smoking,gene polymorphism,Genetic susceptibility}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26506.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26506_d9aa53605c7ecc6e89c53b2403628d80.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Retinoid Receptors in Gastric Cancer: Expression and Influence on Prognosis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1809-1817}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Gastric cancer is frequently lethal despite aggressive multimodal therapies, and new treatmentapproaches are therefore needed. Retinoids are potential candidate drugs: they prevent cell differentiation,proliferation and malignant transformation in gastric cancer cell lines. They interact with nuclear retinoidreceptors (the retinoic acid receptors [RARs] and retinoid X receptors [RXRs]), which function as transcriptionfactors, each with three subclasses, α, β and γ. At present, little is known about retinoid expression and influenceon prognosis in gastric cancers. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the expression of thesubtypes RARa, RARβ, RARγ, RXRa, RXRβ, RXRγ by immunohistochemistry in 147 gastric cancers and 51normal gastric epithelium tissues for whom clinical follow-up data were available and correlated the resultswith clinical characteristics. In addition, we quantified the expression of retinoid receptor mRNA using realtimePCR (RT-PCR) in another 6 gastric adenocarcinoma and 3 normal gastric tissues. From 2008 to 2010, 80patients with gastric cancers were enrolled onto therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Results: RARa,RARβ, RARγand RXRγ positively correlated with each other (p < 0.001) and demonstrated significantly lowerlevels in the carcinoma tissue sections (p < 0.01), with lower RARβ, RARγ and RXRa expression significantlyrelated to advanced stages (p < =0.01). Tumors with poor histopathologic grade had lower levels of RARa andRARβ in different histological types of gastric carcinoma (p < 0.01). Patients whose tumors exhibited low levelsof RARa expression had significantly lower overall survival compared with patients who had higher expressionlevels of this receptor (p < 0.001, HR=0.42, 95.0% CI 0.24-0.73), and patients undergoing ATRA treatment hadsignificantly longer median survival times (p = 0.007, HR=0.41, 95.0% CI 0.21-0.80). Conclusions: Retinoicacid receptors are frequently expressed in epithelial gastric cancer with a decreased tendency of expression andRARa may be an indicator of a positive prognosis. This study provides a molecular basis for the therapeutic useof retinoids against gastric cancer.}, keywords = {Stomach neoplasms,Prognostic factors,retinoic acid receptors,ATRA,therapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26507.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26507_fee0c896ecf2329bb142de81be49c7a2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Acute Effects of Dokha Smoking on the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems among UAE Male University Students}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1819-1822}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: In the United Arab Emirates (UAE) tobacco use is rampant. A less reported, yet widely used formof smoking native to UAE is midwakh or dhokha. The aim of the study is to assess the acute effects of smokingdokha (Arabian pipe) on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems among male university students in theUAE. Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 97 male volunteers aged more than 17 years.Blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate of each participant, were measured before and immediately aftersmoking. A self administered questionnaire was used to collect personal details and data about smoking pattern.Results: Mean increases in systolic blood pressures (12 ± 1 mmHg), heart rates (20 ± 2 bpm) and respiratoryrates (4 ± 1 breaths/min) were observed (p < 0.001). A mean decrease in diastolic blood pressures (1 ± 1 mmHg)was observed (p = 0.483). Conclusion: Smoking dokha has a significant acute effect on systolic blood pressure,heart rate and respiratory rate. Anti smoking campaigns must address the ill effects of this form of smoking.Results from the study warrant further research into this method of smoking which is becoming more popular.}, keywords = {Dokha,midwakh,smoking,blood pressure,Heart Rate,Respiratory Rate,UAE}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26508.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26508_f673c4100c3465d97c644d8c600096d0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {siRNA Mediated Silencing of NIN1/RPN12 Binding Protein 1 Homolog Inhibits Proliferation and Growth of Breast Cancer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1823-1827}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The gene encoding the Nin one binding (NOB1) protein which plays an essential role in protein degradationhas been investigated for possible tumor promoting functions. The present study was focused on NOB1 as apossible therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. Lentivirus mediated NOB1 siRNA transfection wasused to silence the NOB1 gene in two established breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, successfultransfection being confirmed by fluorescence imaging. NOB1 deletion caused significant decline in cell proliferationwas observed in both cell lines as investigated by MTT assay. Furthermore the number and size of the coloniesformed were also significantly reduced in the absence of NOB1. Moreover NOB1 gene knockdown arrested thecell cycle and inhibited cell cycle related protein expression. Collectively these results indicate that NOB1 playsan essential role in breast cancer cell proliferation and its gene expression could be a therapeutic target.}, keywords = {breast cancer,NOB1,Proliferation,colony formation,siRNA}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26509.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26509_77f861a161c6d26f45f069cda00e31f0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Applying Conventional and Saturated Generalized Gamma Distributions in Parametric Survival Analysis of Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1829-1831}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The generalized gamma distribution statistics constitute an extensive family that contains nearlyall of the most commonly used distributions including the exponential, Weibull and log normal. A saturatedversion of the model allows covariates having effects through all the parameters of survival time distribution.Accelerated failure-time models assume that only one parameter of the distribution depends on the covariates.Methods: We fitted both the conventional GG model and the saturated form for each of its members includingthe Weibull and lognormal distribution; and compared them using likelihood ratios. To compare the selectedparameter distribution with log logistic distribution which is a famous distribution in survival analysis thatis not included in generalized gamma family, we used the Akaike information criterion (AIC; r=l(b)-2p). Allmodels were fitted using data for 369 women age 50 years or more, diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer inBC during 1990-1999 and followed to 2010. Results: In both conventional and saturated parametric models,the lognormal was the best candidate among the GG family members; also, the lognormal fitted better thanlog-logistic distribution. By the conventional GG model, the variables “surgery”, “radiotherapy”, “hormonetherapy”, “erposneg” and interaction between “hormone therapy” and “erposneg” are significant. In the AFTmodel, we estimated the relative time for these variables. By the saturated GG model, similar significant variablesare selected. Estimating the relative times in different percentiles of extended model illustrate the pattern inwhich the relative survival time change during the time. Conclusions: The advantage of using the generalizedgamma distribution is that it facilitates estimating a model with improved fit over the standard Weibull or lognormaldistributions. Alternatively, the generalized F family of distributions might be considered, of which thegeneralized gamma distribution is a member and also includes the commonly used log-logistic distribution.}, keywords = {Survival Analysis,parametric regression,generalized gamma distribution,breast cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26510.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26510_eecdb3602e087f80a95d89397f596464.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Lack of Significance of the BRCA2 Promoter Methylation Status in Different Genotypes of the MTHFR a1298c Polymorphism in Ovarian Cancer Cases in Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1833-1836}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Promoter methylation, which can be regulated by MTHFR activity, is associated with silencingof genes. In this study we evaluated the methylation status (type) of the BRCA2 promoter in ovarian cancerpatients carrying different genotypes of the MTHFR gene (A or C polymorphisms at position 1298). Methods:The methylation type of the BRCA2 promoter was evaluated using bisulfate-modified DNA in methylationspecificPCR and the MTHFRa1278c polymorphism was assessed by PCR-RFLP. Results: Analysis of theBRCA2 promoter methylation type of cases showed that 7 out of 60 cases (11.7%) were methylated while theremaining 53 (88.3%) were unmethylated. In methylated cases, one out of the 7 cases had a CC genotype andthe remaining 6 methylated cases had an AC genotype. The AA genotype was absent. In unmethylated cases,34, 18, and one out of these had AC, AA and CC genotype, respectively. Conclusion: There was no significantrelationship between the methylation types of the BRCA2 promoter in different genotypes of MTHFRa1298cpolymorphism in ovarian cancer; p=0.255. There was no significant relation between the methylation types ofthe BRCA2 promoter in different genotypes of the MTHFRa1298c polymorphism in ovarian cancer.}, keywords = {methylation,Ovarian Cancer,tumor suppressor}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26511.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26511_86e02c8f0675703c538e393ebd31e7b0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cisplatin-Based Therapy for the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: a Retrospective Analysis of a Single Institution}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1837-1840}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: In spite of the fact that platinum-based doublets are considered the standard therapy for patientswith advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), no elderly-specific platinum based prospective phase IIIregimen has been explored. The aim of this retrospective singlecenter study was to evaluate the efficacy and sideeffects of cisplatin-based therapy specifically for the elderly. Methods: Patients receiving platinum-based treatmentwere divided into three groups. In the first group (GC), Gemcitabine was administrated at 1000 mg/m2 on days1, 8 and cisplatin was added at 75 mg/m2 on day 1. In the second group (DC), 75 mg/m2 docetaxel and cisplatinwere administered on day 1. The third group (PC) received 175 mg of paclitaxel and 75 mg of cisplatin on day1. These treatments were repeated every three weeks. Result: GC arm had 36, the DC arm 42 and the PC arm29 patients. Grade III-IV thrombocytopenia was higher in the GC arm (21.2% received GC, 2.8% received DC,and 3.8% received PC), while sensory neuropathy was lower in patients with GC arm (3.0%, 22.2%, and 23.1%received GC, DC and PC, respectively). There were no statistically significant difference in the response ratesamong the three groups (p>0.05). The median Progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.0 months and the medianOverall survival (OS) in each group was 7.1, 7.4 and 7.1 months, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: The responserate, median PFS and OS were similar among the three treatment arms. Grade III-IV thrombocytopenia washigher in the GC arm, while the GC regimen was more favorable than the other cisplatin-based treatmetns withregard to sensory neuropathy.}, keywords = {Advanced lung cancer,Elderly patients,first line chemotherapy,cisplatin based therapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26512.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26512_32b1d79a7b54ebb85c8f98007427bef6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Long Term Survivors with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Treated with Gemcitabine Alone or Plus Cisplatin: a Retrospective Analysis of an Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology Multicenter Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1841-1844}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The majority of patients with pancreatic cancer present with advanced disease. Systemicchemotherapy has limited impact on overall survival (OS) so that eligible patients should be selected carefully. Theaim of this study was to analyze prognostic factors for survival in Turkish advanced pancreatic cancer patients whosurvived more than one year from the diagnosis of recurrent and/or metastatic disease and receiving gemcitabine(Gem) alone or gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GemCis). Methods: This retrospective evaluation was performed forpatients who survived more than one year from the diagnosis of recurrent and/or metastatic disease and whoreceived gemcitabine between December 2005 and August 2011. Twenty-seven potential prognostic variableswere chosen for univariate and multivariate analyses to identify prognostic factors associated with survival.Results: Among the 27 variables in univariate analysis, three were identified to have prognostic significance:sex (p = 0.04), peritoneal dissemination (p =0.02) and serum creatinine level (p=0.05). Multivariate analysis byCox proportional hazard model showed only peritoneal dissemination to be an independent prognostic factorfor survival. Conclusion: In conclusion, peritoneal metastasis was identified as an important prognostic factorin metastatic pancreatic cancer patients who survived more than one year from the diagnosis of recurrent and/or metastatic disease and receiving Gem or GemCis. The findings should facilitate pretreatment prediction ofsurvival and can be used for selecting patients for treatment.}, keywords = {pancreas,cancer,gemcitabin,Prognosis,long term survivors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26513.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26513_fc1178f88d7744067d08bc9bc29e8f37.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effect of Tissue Factor on Invasion Inhibition and Apoptosis Inducing Effect of Oxaliplatin in Human Gastric Cancer Cell}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1845-1849}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Tissue factor (TF) is expressed abnormally in certain types of tumor cells, closely related to invasionand metastasis. The aim of this study was to construct a human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 stably-transfectedwith human TF, and observe effects on oxaliplatin-dependent inhibition of invasion and the apoptosis induction.Methods: The target gene TF was obtained from human placenta by nested PCR and introduced into the humangastric cell line SGC7901 through transfection mediated by lipofectamine. Stably-transfected cells were screenedusing G418. Examples successfully transfected with TF-pcDNA3 recombinant (experimental group), and emptyvector pcDNA3 (control group) were incubated with oxaliplatin. Transwell chambers were used to show changein invasive ability. Caspase-3 activity was detected using a colorimetric method and annexin-V/PI doublestainingwas applied to detect apoptosis. Results: We generated the human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/TFsuccessfully, expressing TF stably and efficiently. Compared with the control group, invasion increased, whereascaspase-3 activity and apoptosis rate were decreased in the experimental group. Conclusion: TF can enhancethe invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells in vitro. Its increased expression may reduce invasion inhibition andapoptosis-inducing effects of oxaliplatin and therefore may warrant targeting for improved chemotherapy.}, keywords = {Tissue factor,Gastric cancer,Oxaliplatin,Invasion,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26514.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26514_112d8aec994fbb17bd13f292f5d3d0c6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Smoking Trajectories among Koreans in Seoul and California: Exemplifying a Common Error in Age Parameterization}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1851-1856}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Immigration to a nation with a stronger anti-smoking environment has been hypothesized to make smokingless common. However, little is known about how environments influence risk of smoking across the lifecourse.Research suggested a linear decline in smoking over the lifecourse but these associations, in fact, might not belinear. This study assessed the possible nonlinear associations between age and smoking and examined how theseassociations differed by environment through comparing Koreans in Seoul, South Korea and Korean Americansin California, United States. Data were drawn from population based telephone surveys of Korean adults in Seoul(N=500) and California (N=2,830) from 2001-2002. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (lowess) was used toapproximate the association between age and smoking with multivariable spline logistic regressions, includingadjustment for confounds used to draw population inferences. Smoking differed across the lifecourse betweenKorean and Korean American men. The association between age and smoking peaked around 35 years amongKorean and Korean American men. From 18 to 35 the probability of smoking was 57% higher (95%CI, 40 to71) among Korean men versus 8% (95%CI, 3 to 19) higher among Korean American men. A similar differencein age after 35, from 40 to 57 years of age, was associated with a 2% (95%CI, 0 to 10) and 20% (95%CI, 16to 25) lower probability of smoking among Korean and Korean American men. A nonlinear pattern was alsoobserved among Korean American women. Social role transitions provide plausible explanations for the declinein smoking after 35. Investigators should be mindful of nonlinearities in age when attempting to understandtobacco use.}, keywords = {South Koreans’ health,Korean Americans’ health,age,tobacco control,Immigration,smoking}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26515.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26515_7d3e719a6f71c6ff40df106ca2c87bdb.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Impacts of Household Income and Economic Recession on Participation in Colorectal Cancer Screening in Korea}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1857-1862}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {To assess the impact of household income and economic recession on participation in CRC screening,we estimated annual participating proportions from 2007 to 2009 for different CRC screening modalitiesaccording to household income levels. A total of 8,042 subjects were derived from the fourth KoreanNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV). Multivariate logistic regressionanalysis was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for CRC screening with householdincome quartiles by gender in each year. People were less likely to attend a high-cost CRC screening suchas a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy independent of the income quartile during the economic recession.Income disparities for participating in opportunistic cancer screening appear to have existed among bothmales and females during the three years (2007-2009), but were most distinctive in 2009. An increase inmortality of CRC can therefore be expected due to late detection in periods of economic crisis. Accordingly,the government should expand the coverage of CRC screening to prevent excess deaths by reducing relateddirect and indirect costs during the economic recession.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,screening participation,household income,economic recession,KNHANES}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26516.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26516_f4fd60172df223ea9a201906e1ae7745.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Triplet Platinum-based Combination Sequential Chemotherapy Improves Survival Outcome and Quality of Life of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1863-1867}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Maintenance chemotherapy is one strategy pursued in recent years with intent to break throughthe chemotherapy plateau for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, given the toxicity,platinum-based combinations are rarely given for this purpose. We carried out the present prospective studyof triplet platinum-based combination sequential chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC to investigate if patientscould tolerate and benefit from such intensive treatment. Methods: From Dec 2003 to Dec 2007, 190 stage IIIBand IV NSCLC patients in Sun yat-sen University sequentially received the 3 platinum-based combination (TPNP-GP) treatment (T: paclitaxol175mg/m2 d1; N: vinorelbine25mg/m2 d1 and 8; G: gemcitabine1g/m2 d1 and8; P: cisplatin20mg/m2 d1-5; repeated every 3 weeks). Patients were followed up to at least 3 years to obtainsurvival data. Treatment toxicities and the quality of life (QOL) were assessed during the whole treatment.Results: There were 187 patients evaluable. The TP, NP and GP response rates with sequential use were 42.8%(80/187), 41.1% (65/158) and 28.8% (21/73) respectively. Median survival time was 18.2 months and the 1, 2 and3 year overall survival (OS) rates were 78.7%, 38.5% and 21.3%. Patients receiving > 6 cycles of chemotherapyhad significantly longer OS and TTP (MST 25.3 vs. 14.5 months, TTP 15.1 vs. 9.1 months). The QOL on thewhole for the patients was improved after chemotherapy. Conclusions: The sequential chemotherapy strategywith triplet platinum-based combination regimens can improve the survival outcome and the quality of life ofadvanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.}, keywords = {Sequential chemotherapy,maintenance therapy,NSCLC,platinum-based combinations}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26517.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26517_b0e6781e94110bab20fde157919481c2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Pilot Study of the Sensitivity and Specificity of the DNA Integrity Assay for Stool-based Detection of Colorectal Cancer in Malaysian Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1869-1872}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: To assess the diagnostic potential of tumor-associated high molecular weight DNA in stoolsamples of 32 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared to 32 healthy Malaysian volunteers by means ofpolymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: Stool DNA was isolated and tumor-associated high molecularweight DNA (1.476 kb fragment including exons 6-9 of the p53 gene) was amplified using PCR and visualizedon ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. Results: Out of 32 CRC patients, 18 were positive for the presenceof high molecular weight DNA as compared to none of the healthy individuals, resulting in an overall sensitivityof 56.3% with 100% specificity. Out of 32 patients, 23 had tumor on the left side and 9 on the right side, 16 and2 being respectively positive. This showed that high molecular weight DNA was significantly (p = 0.022) moredetectable in patients with left side tumor (69.6% vs 22.2%). Out of 32 patients, 22 had tumors larger than 1.0cm, 18 of these (81.8%) being positive for long DNA as compared to not a single patient with tumor size smallerthan 1.0 cm (p <0.001). Conclusion: We detected CRC-related high molecular weight p53 DNA in stool samplesof CRC patients with an overall sensitivity of 56.3% with 100% specificity, with a strong tumor size dependence.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,Diagnosis,stool long DNA marker,Polymerase Chain Reaction,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26518.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26518_5cbd723552f68e887008b1035aaf1875.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Comparison of Complications of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters with Ultrasound Guidance or Conventional Methods in Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1873-1875}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To compare the complications of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) by a modifiedSeldinger technique under ultrasound guidance or the conventional (peel-away cannula) technique. Methods:From February to December of 2010, cancer patients who received PICC at the Department of Chemotherapyin Jiangsu Cancer Hospital were recruited into this study, and designated UPICC if their PICC lines wereinserted under ultrasound guidance, otherwise CPICC if were performed by peel-away cannula technique. Therates of successful placement, hemorrhage around the insertion area, phlebitis, comfort of the insertion arm,infection and thrombus related to catheterization were analyzed and compared on days 1, 5 and 6 after PICCand thereafter. Results: A total of 180 cancer patients were recruited, 90 in each group. The rates of successfulcatheter placement between two groups differed with statistical significance (P <0.05), favoring UPICC. Morephlebitis and finger swelling were detected in the CPICC group (P <0.05). From day 6 to the date the catheterwas removed and thereafter, more venous thrombosis and a higher rate of discomfort of insertion arms were alsoobserved in the CPICC group. Conclusion: Compared with CPICC, UPICC could improve the rate of successfulinsertion, reduce catheter related complications and increase comfort of the involved arm, thus deserving to befurther investigated in randomized clinical studies.}, keywords = {Peripherally inserted central catheters,Complications,cancer patients}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26400.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26400_102bbeb43a04361f6a812534ba25756e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Inhibition of Breast Cancer Metastasis Via PITPNM3 by Pachymic Acid}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1877-1880}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast cancer metastasis is the most common cause of cancer-related death in women. Thus, seeking targetsof breast tumor cells is an attractive goal towards improving clinical treatment. The present study showedthat CCL18 from tumor-associated macrophages could promote breast cancer metastasis via PITPNM3. Inaddition, we found that pachymic acid (PA) could dose-dependently inhibit migration and invasion of MDAMB-231cells ,with or without rCCL18 stimulation. Furthermore, evidence was obtained that PA could suppressthe phosphorylation of PITPNM3 and the combination of CCL18 and PITPNM3. Therefore, we speculate thatPA could inhibit breast cancer metastasis via PITPNM3.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Metastasis,MDA-MB-231,PITPNM3,pachymic acid}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26401.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26401_54a2b4b4daf36b79f0616fcdcf2d854a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes and Associations with Clinicopathological Characteristics in Iranian Women, 2002-2011}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1881-1886}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that is affected by ethnicity of patients. According to hormone receptorstatus and gene expression profiling, breast cancers are classified into four molecular subtypes, each showingdistinct clinical behavior. Lack of sufficient data on molecular subtypes of breast cancer in Iran, prompted usto investigate the prevalence and the clinicopathological features of each subtype among Iranian women. Atotal of 428 women diagnosed with breast cancer from 2002 to 2011 were included and categorized into fourmolecular subtypes using immunohistochemistry. Prevalence of each subtype and its association with patients’demographics and tumor characteristics, such as size, grade, lymph-node involvement and vascular invasion,were investigated using Chi-square, analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression. Luminal A wasthe most common molecular subtype (63.8%) followed by Luminal B (8.4%), basal-like (15.9%) and HER-2(11.9%). Basal-like and HER-2 subtypes were mostly of higher grades while luminal A tumors were more ofgrade 1 (P<0.001). Vascular invasion was more prevalent in HER-2 subtype, and HER-2 positive tumors weresignificantly associated with vascular invasion (P=0.013). Using muti-variate analysis, tumor size greater than5 cm and vascular invasion were significant predictors of 3 or more nodal metastases. Breast cancer was mostcommonly diagnosed in women around 50 years of age and the majority of patients had lymph node metastasis atthe time of diagnosis. This points to the necessity for devising an efficient screening program for breast cancer inIran. Further, prospective surveys are suggested to evaluate prognosis of different subtypes in Iranian patients.}, keywords = {breast cancer,molecular subtypes,immunohistochemistry,clinicopathological characteristics,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26402.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26402_81e2637ece8f0565af1d718a9bcc0fc7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Characteristics of Mammary Paget’s Disease in China: a National-wide Multicenter Retrospective Study During 1999-2008}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1887-1893}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to detail characteristics of mammary Paget’s disease (PD) representing thewhole population in China. A total of 4211 female breast cancer inpatients at seven tertiary hospitals fromseven representative geographical regions of China were collected randomly during 1999 to 2008. Data fordemography, risk factors, diagnostic imaging test, physical examination and pathologic characters were surveyedand biomarker status was tested by immunohistochemistry. The differences of demography and risk factorsbetween PD with breast cancer and other lesions were compared using Chi-square test or t-test, with attentionto physical examination and pathological characters. The percentage of PD was 1.6% (68/4211) in all breastcancers. The mean age at diagnosis was 48.1, and 63.2% (43/68) patients were premenopausal. There is nodifference in demography and risk factors between PD with breast cancer and other breast cancer (P > 0.05).The main pattern of PD in physical exam and pathologic pattern were patients presenting with a palpablemass in breast (65/68, 95.6%) and PD with underlying invasive cancer (82.4%, 56/68) respectively. The rate ofmultifocal disease was 7.4% (5/68). PD with invasive breast cancer showed larger tumor size, more multifocaldisease, lower ER and PR expression and higher HER2 overexpression than those in other invasive breastcancer (P < 0.05). These results suggested that PD in China is a concomitant disease of breast cancer, and thatPD with underlying invasive cancer has more multiple foci and more aggressive behavior compared with otherbreast invasive cancer. We address the urgent needs for establishing diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines formammary PD in China.}, keywords = {Paget’s disease,breast disease,Characteristics,ethnic populations,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26403.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26403_7a3c80288557d8e0473cd153befe632c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Liver Cancer Mortality Trends during the Last 30 Years in Hebei province: Comparison Results from Provincial Death Surveys Conducted in the 1970’s, 1980’s, 1990’s and 2004-2005}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1895-1899}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Aims: Liver cancer is a major health problem in low-resource countries. Approximately 55%of all liver cancer occurs in China. Hebei Province is one of the important covering nearly 6% of the populationof China. The aim of this paper was to explore liver cancer mortality trends during past 30 years, and providebasic information on prevention strategies. Methods: Hebei was covered covered all the three national surveysduring 1973-1975, 1990-1992, and 2004-2005 and one provincial survey during 1984-1986. Subjects included allcases dying from liver cancer in Hebei Province. Liver cancer mortality trend and geographic differences acrosscities and counties were analyzed. Results: There were 82,878 deaths in Hebei Province during 2004-2005 withan average mortality rate was 600.9/10,000, and an age-adjusted rate of 552.3/10,000. Those dying of cancerwere 18,424 cases, accounting for 22.2% of all deaths, second only to cerebrovascular disease as a cause of death.Cancer mortality was 133.6/100,000 (age-adjusted rate was 119.2/100,000). Liver cancer ranked fourth in thissurvey with a mortality rate of 21.0/100,000, 28.4/100,000 in males and 13.35/10,000 in females, accounting for15.7%, 17.1% and 13.4% of the total number of cancer deaths and in males and females, respectively. The sexratio was 2.13. Since the 1970s, liver cancer deaths of Hebei province have been increasing slightly. The crudemortality rates in the four surveys were 11.3, 16.0, 17.4, 21.0 per 100,000, respectively, with age-adjusted ratesfluctuating during the past 30 years, but the trend also being upwards. There is a tendency for the mortalityrates to be higher in coastal than mountain areas, and is relative lower in the plain area, with crude mortalityrates of 25.3, 22.1, and 19.1 per 100,000, respectively. There were no notable differences in cride data betweenurban and rural, but the age-adjusted mortality rate in rural was much higher. Conclusion: Our study indicatedthat the mortality of liver cancer in Hebei Province is lower than the national average level. There is a slightlyincrease trend, especially in some counties. Liver cancer is a major health problem and it is necessary to furtherpromote prevention strategies in Hebei province.}, keywords = {Liver cancer,mortality trends,30 years,Hebei province,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26404.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26404_37e7c91671d88f11f3b8e6b4ffc19991.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Differential Distribution of miR-20a and miR-20b may Underly Metastatic Heterogeneity of Breast Cancers}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1901-1906}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The discovery that microRNA (miRNA) regulates metastasis provide a principal molecularbasis for tumor heterogeneity. A characteristic of solid tumors is their heterogenous distribution of blood vessels,with significant hypoxia occurring in regions (centers of tumor) of low blood flow. It is necessary to discover themechanism of breast cancer metastasis in relation to the fact that there is a differential distribution of crucialmicroRNA in tumors from centers to edges. Methods: Breast tissues from 48 patients (32 patients with breastcancer) were classified into the high invasive and metastatic group (HIMG), low invasive and metastatic group(LIMG), and normal group. Samples were collected from both the centers and edges of all tumors. The first sixspecimens were detected by microRNA array, and the second ten specimens were detected by real-time qRTPCRand Western blot analyses. Correlation analysis was performed between the miRNAs and target proteins.Results: The relative content of miR-20a and miR-20b was lower in the center of the tumor than at the edge in theLIMG, lower at the edge of the tumor than in the center in the HIMG, and lower in breast cancer tissues than innormal tissues. VEGF-A and HIF-1alpha mRNA levels were higher in the HIMG than in the LIMG, and levelswere higher in both groups than in the normal group; there was no difference in mRNA levels between the edgeand center of the tumor. VEGF-A and HIF-1alpha protein levels were higher in the HIMG than in the LIMG,and protein levels in both groups were higher than in the normal group; there was a significant difference inprotein expression between the edge and center of the tumor. Correlation analysis showed that the key miRNAs(miR-20a and miR-20b) negatively correlated with the target proteins (VEGF-A and HIF-1alpha). Conclusions:Our data suggest that miR-20a and miR-20b are differentially distributed in breast cancer, while VEGF-Aand HIF-1alpha mRNA had coincident distributions, and VEGF-A and HIF-1alpha proteins had uneven andopposing distributions to the miRNAs. It appears that one of the most important facets underlying metastaticheterogeneity is the differential distribution of miR-20a and miR-20b and their regulation of target proteins.}, keywords = {heterogeneity,breast cancer,Metastasis,miR-20a,miR-20b}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26405.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26405_05a263f4bad81e0625646bc9a1e1d406.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Mammography and Ultrasonography Reports Compared with Tissue Diagnosis - An Evidence Based Study in Iran, 2010}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1907-1910}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the fifth cause of cancer death in Iranian women.Early detection and treatment are important for appropriate management of this disease. Mammography andultrasonography are used for screening and evaluation of symptomatic cases and the main diagnostic test forbreast cancer is pathological. In this study we evaluated mammography and ultrasonography as diagnostic tools.Methods: In this cross-sectional study 384 mammography and ultrasonography reports for 255 women wereassessed, divided into benign and malignant groups. Suspected cases were referred for pathology evaluation.The radiologic and pathologic reports were compared and also comparison was performed based on age groups(more and less than 50 years old), history of breastfeeding and gravidity. Statistical analysis was performedby SPSS. Results: The mean ages of malignant and benign cases were 49±11.6 and 43±11.2 years, respectively.Sensitivity and specificity for mammography were 73% and 45%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity forultrasonography were 69% and 49%, respectively. There were statistical differences between specificity ofmammography in patients based on factors such as history of gravidity, breastfeeding and sensitivity in patientsequal or more than 50 years old and less. Conclusion: Factors affecting different results in mammography andultrasonography reports were classified into three groups, consisting of skill, experience and training of medicalstaff, and setting of instruments. It is recommended that health managers in developing countries pay attentionthe quality of setting and man power more than current status. Policy-makers and managers must establishguidelines regarding breast imaging in Iran.}, keywords = {Breast Neoplasms,mammography,Ultrasonography,Pathology,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26406.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26406_d24ac45c67d9553b1fe8893e6857e623.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {SELDI-TOF MS Combined with Magnetic Beads for Detecting Serum Protein Biomarkers and Establishment of a Boosting Decision Tree Model for Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1911-1915}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: New technologies for the early detection of pancreatic cancer (PC) are urgently needed. The aim of thepresent study was to screen for the potential protein biomarkers in serum using proteomic fingerprint technology.Methods: Magnetic beads combined with surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) TOF MS wereused to profile and compare the protein spectra of serum samples from 85 patients with pancreatic cancer, 50patients with acute-on-chronic pancreatitis and 98 healthy blood donors. Proteomic patterns associated withpancreatic cancer were identified with Biomarker Patterns Software. Results: A total of 37 differential m/zpeaks were identified that were related to PC (P < 0.01). A tree model of biomarkers was constructed with thesoftware based on the three biomarkers (7762 Da, 8560 Da, 11654 Da), this showing excellent separation betweenpancreatic cancer and non-cancer., with a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 95.6%. Blind test data showeda sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 91.4%. Conclusions: The results suggested that serum biomarkers forpancreatic cancer can be detected using SELDI-TOF-MS combined with magnetic beads. Application of combinedbiomarkers may provide a powerful and reliable diagnostic method for pancreatic cancer with a high sensitivityand specificity.}, keywords = {Pancreatic cancer,Biomarker,Protein,SELDI-TOF-MS,Diagnosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26407.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26407_84dc6a2fe4b808a2ea979d809932b3e5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Genome-wide Analysis of Aberrant DNA Methylation for Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1917-1921}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Genome wide analysisstudies have identified sequence mutations causing loss-of-function that are associated with disease occurrence andseverity. Epigenetic modifications, such DNA methylation, have also been implicated in many cancers but haveyet to be examined in the East Asian population of colorectal cancer patients. Methods: Biopsies of tumors andmatched non-cancerous tissue types were obtained and genomic DNA was isolated and subjected to the bisulphiteconversion method for comparative DNA methylation analysis on the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27BeadChip. Results: Totals of 258 and 74 genes were found to be hyper- and hypo-methylated as compared tothe individual’s matched control tissue. Interestingly, three genes that exhibited hypermethylation in theirpromoter regions, CMTM2, ECRG4, and SH3GL3, were shown to be significantly associated with colorectalcancer in previous studies. Using heatmap cluster analysis, eight hypermethylated and 10 hypomethylated geneswere identified as significantly differentially methylated genes in the tumour tissues. Conclusions: Genome-widemethylation profiling facilitates rapid and simultaneous analysis of cancerous cells which may help to identifymethylation markers with high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis and prognosis. Our results show thepromise of the microarray technology in identification of potential methylation biomarkers for colorectal cancers.}, keywords = {Genome-wide analysis,colorectal cancer,DNA Methylation,bisulphite conversion method}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26408.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26408_d4b0eb780c593f2f227b5a95f1f8263e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {2R of Thymidylate Synthase 5’-untranslated Enhanced Region Contributes to Gastric Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1923-1927}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Studies investigating the association between 2R/3R polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase5’-untranslated enhanced region (TYMS 5’-UTR) and gastric cancer risk have generated conflicting results.Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to summarize the data on any association. Methods: Pubmed, Embase,and CNKI databases were searched for all available studies. The strength of association between TYMS 5’-UTR2R/3R polymorphism and gastric cancer risk was estimated by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals(CIs). Results: Six individual case-control studies with a total of 1, 472 cases and 1, 895 controls were included intothis meta-analysis. Analyses of total six relevant studies showed that there was no obvious association betweenthe TYMS 5’-UTR 2R/3R polymorphism and gastric cancer risk. Subgroup analyses based on ethnicity showed2R of TYMS 5’-UTR 2R/3R contributes to gastric cancer risk in the Asian population (OR Homozygote model = 1.71,95%CI 1.19-2.46, P = 0.004; OR Recessive genetic model = 1.70, 95%CI 1.18-2.43, P = 0.004). However, the association inCaucasian populations was uncertain due to the limited studies. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggests that2R of TYMS 5’-UTR 2R/3R contributes to gastric cancer risk in the Asian population, while this association inCaucasians populations needs further study.}, keywords = {Gastric cancer,thymidylate synthase,Polymorphism,Meta-analysis,Asians,Caucasians}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26409.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26409_87112e7b80c34b30063de55e8ffff1a3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Red Strain Oryza Sativa-Unpolished Thai Rice Prevents Oxidative Stress and Colorectal Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation in Rats}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1929-1933}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Oxidative stress has been proposed to be involved in colorectal cancer development. Many dark pigmentsof plants have potent oxidative stress preventive properties. In this study, unpolished Thai rice was assessedfor antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods. Red strain unpolished Thai rice was also administered to rats exposed toazoxymethane (AOM) for induction of aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and ferricreducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were investigated for cellular oxidative stress and serum antioxidants,respectively. Red pigment unpolished Thai rice demonstrated high antioxidant activity and was found tosignificantly and dose dependently decrease the total density and crypt multiplicity of ACF. Consumption of Thairice further resulted in high serum antioxidant activity and low MDA cellular oxidative stress. Interestingly, thedensity of ACF was strongly related to MDA at r = 0.964, while it was inversely related with FRAP antioxidants(r = -0.915, p < 0.001). The results of this study suggest that the consumption of red strain of unpolished Thairice may exert potentially beneficial effects on colorectal cancer through decrease in the level of oxidative stress.}, keywords = {aberrant crypt foci,colorectal cancer,oxidative stress,unpolished Thai rice,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26410.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26410_71a7bfcb530f92e5f6eceeba6d4a166b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognostic Factors and Treatment Outcomes in 93 Patients with Uterine Sarcoma from 4 Centers in Turkey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1935-1941}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Uterine sarcomas are a group of heterogenous and rare malignancies of the female genitaltract and there is a lack of consensus on prognostic factors and optimal treatment. Objective and Methodology:To perform a retrospective evaluation of clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors and treatmentoutcomes of 93 patients with uterine sarcomas who were diagnosed and treated at 4 different centers fromNovember 2000 to October 2010. Results: Of the 93 patients, 58.0% had leiomyosarcomas, 26.9% malignantmixed Mullerian tumors, 9.7% endometrial stromal sarcomas, and 5.4% other histological types. Accordingto the last International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging, 43.0% were stage I, 20.4%were stage II, 22.6% were stage III and 14.0 % were stage IV. Median relapse free survival (RFS) was 20 months(95% confidence interval (CI), 12.4-27.6 months), RFS after 1, 2, 5 years were 66.6%, 44.1%, 16.5% respectively.Median overall survival (OS) was 56 months (95% CI, 22.5-89.5 months), and OS after 1, 2, 5 years was 84.7%,78%, 49.4% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥60 years and high grade tumor were significantlyassociated with poor OS and RFS; patients administered adjuvant treatment with sequential chemotherapyand radiotherapy had longer RFS time. Among patients with leiomyosarcoma, in addition to age and grade,adjuvant treatment with sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery had significant effects on OS.Conclusion: Uterine sarcomas have poor progrosis even at early stages. Prognostic factors affecting OS werefound to be age and grade.}, keywords = {Uterine sarcoma,leiomyosarcoma,malignant mixed Mullerian tumor,Prognostic factors,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26411.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26411_2eebb58f815eb0696104f51bcff034d8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {p63 Cytoplasmic Aberrance is Associated with High Prostate Cancer Stem Cell Expression}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1943-1948}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Prostate cancer in Indonesia is the 3rd ranking cancer among males and the 5th rank for theircancer mortality. Prognostic markers that can identify aggressive prostate cancer in early stages and helpselect appropriate therapy to finally reduce the mortality are therefore urgently needed. It has been suggestedthat stem cells in the prostate gland have a role in initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer, althoughcontroversy continues to exist. Maintenance of normal stem cell or reserve cell populations in several epitheliaincluding prostate has been shown to be regulated by p63 and alteration of p63 expression is considered to havean oncogenic role in prostate cancer. We hypothesize that the expression of cytoplasmic aberrance of p63 isassociated with high ALDH1A1 expression as a cancer stem cell marker, thus leading to progression of prostatecancer. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study during two years (2009-2010), a total of 79 paraffin embeddedtissues of benign prostatic hyperplasia, PIN prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, low and high Gleason scoreprostate cancer were investigated using immunohistochemistry. Associations between cytoplasmic p63 andALDH1A1, as well as with pathological diagnosis, were analyzed by Chi-Square test using SPSS 15.0. Links ofboth markers with cell proliferation rate (KI-67) and apoptotic rate (cleaved caspase 3) were also analyzed byKruskal-Wallis test. Results: The mean age of patient at the diagnosis is 70.0 years. Cytoplasmic aberrance ofp63 was associated with ALDH1A1 expression (p<0.001) and both were found to have significant relationshipswith pathological diagnosis (including Gleason score), (p=0.006 and p<0.001 respectively). Moreover, it was alsofound that higher levels of cytoplasmic p63 were significantly associated with the frequency of proliferatingcells and cells undergoing apoptosis in prostate cancers (p=0.001 and p=0.016 respectively). Conclusion: p63cytoplasmic aberrance is associated with high ALDH1A1 expression. These components are suggested to havean important role in prostate cancer progression and may be used as molecular markers.}, keywords = {p63,ALDH1A1,Cancer Stem Cell,Prostate Cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26412.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26412_8e8b04a9ec3907b304c582043fc59203.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The Lymphotoxin-α 252 A>G Polymorphism and Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1949-1952}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate associations between LTA-252 A>G and breast cancer(BC). Methods: Electronic searches of several databases were conducted for all online publications. A total of 7studies involving 4,625 BC patients and 4,373 controls were identified. Results: This meta-analysis showed nosignificant association between the LTA-252 A>G polymorphism and BC in overall or Caucasian populations.However, a positive association was found limited to Asian populations. Conclusion: Although there was nosignificant association found between the LTA-252 A>G polymorphism and BC overall, a positive associationwas found in Asian populations.}, keywords = {Meta-analysis,Polymorphism,LTA,breast cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26413.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26413_ac6f724b0586738ac26fa76575be1812.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Accuracy of Frozen Sections for Intraoperative Diagnosis of Complex Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1953-1956}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The purpose of this study was to correlate the histological diagnosis made during intraoperativefrozen section (FS) examination of hysterectomy samples with complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia (CAEH)diagnosed with definitive paraffin block histology. Methods: FS pathology results of 125 patients with a preoperativebiopsy showing CAEH were compared retrospectively with paraffin block pathology findings. Results:Paraffin block results were consistent with FS in 78 of 125 patients (62.4%). The FS sensitivity and specificityof detecting cancer were 81.1% and 97.9%, with negative and positive predictive values of 76.7%, and 98.4%,respectively. Paraffin block results were reported as endometrial cancer in 77 of 125 (61.6%) patients. Finalpathology was endometrial cancer in 45.3% patients diagnosed at our center and 76.9% for patients who hadtheir diagnosis at other clinics (p=0.018). Paraffin block results were consistent with FS in 62.4% of all casesConsistence was 98.4% in patients who had endometrial cancer in FS. Conclusion: FS does not exclude thepossibility of endometrial cancer in patients with the preoperative diagnosis of CAEH. In addition, sufficientendometrial sampling is important for an accurate diagnosis}, keywords = {Complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia,Endometrial cancer,frozen section}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26414.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26414_ab2bd50d4fbdfd3b50b0c992ec5c87a1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cytostatic in vitro Effects of DTCM-Glutarimide on Bladder Carcinoma Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1957-1962}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Bladder cancer is a common malignancy worldwide. Despite the increased use of cisplatin-based combinationtherapy, the outcomes for patients with advanced disease remain poor. Recently, altered activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has been associated with reduced patient survival and advanced stage of bladder cancer,making its upstream or downstream components attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. In the presentstudy, we showed that treatment with DTCM-glutaramide, a piperidine that targets PDK1, results in reducedproliferation, diminished cell migration and G1 arrest in 5637 and T24 bladder carcinoma cells. Conversely, noapoptosis, necrosis or autophagy were detected after treatment, suggesting that reduced cell numbers in vitro area result of diminished proliferation rather than cell death. Furthermore previous exposure to 10 μg/ml DTCMglutarimidesensitized both cell lines to ionizing radiation. Although more studies are needed to corroborateour findings, our results indicate that PDK1 may be useful as a therapeutic target to prevent progression andabnormal tissue dissemination of urothelial carcinomas.}, keywords = {Urothelial cancer,PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway,molecular target,therapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26415.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26415_97f90991aa8e50474b5c744c5ba7f7e6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The Metabolic Syndrome and Risk Factors for Biliary Tract Cancer: A Case-control Study in China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1963-1969}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: Recent data show that the metabolic syndrome may play a role in several cancers, but theetiology for biliary tract cancer is incompletely defined. The present aim was to evaluate risk factors for biliarytract cancer in China. Methods: A case-control study in which cases were biliary tract cancer patients referredto Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). Controls were randomly selected from an existingdatabase of healthy individuals at the Health Screening Center of PUMCH. Data on the metabolic syndrome,liver diseases, family history, and history of diabetes and hypertension were collected by retrospective reviewof the patients’ records and health examination reports or by interview. Results: A total of 281 patients (102intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), 86 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) and 93 gallbladdercarcinoma (GC)) and 835 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. HBsAg+/anti-HBc+ (P=0.002), history ofdiabetes (P=0.000), cholelithiasis (P=0.000), TC (P=0.003), and HDL (P=0.000) were significantly related to ICC.Cholelithiasis (P=0.000), Tri (P=0.001), LDL (P=0.000), diabetes (P=0.000), Apo A (P=0.000) and Apo B (P=0.012)were significantly associated with ECC. Diabetes (P=0.017), cholelithiasis (P=0.000) and Apo A (P=0.000) werestrongly inversely correlated with GC. Conclusion: Cholelithiasis, HBV infection and metabolic symptoms maybe potential risk factors for the development of biliary tract cancer.}, keywords = {cholangiocarcinoma,gallbladder carcinoma,risk factors,Metabolic Syndrome}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26416.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26416_9fad18a2575ceac01952934e38dd3e63.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Significance and Expression of Aquaporin 1, 3, 8 in Cervical Carcinoma in Xinjiang Uygur Women of China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1971-1975}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Overexpression of several aquaporins (AQPs) has been reported in different types of human cancer but theirrole in carcinogenesis, for example in the cervix, have yet to be clearly defined. In this study, expression of AQPs incervical carcinomawas investigated by real-time PCR, immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical assays andevaluated for correlations with clinicopathologic variables. AQP1, 3, 8 exhibited differential expression in cervicalcarcinoma, corresponding CIN and mild cervicitis. AQP1 was predominantly localized in the microvascularendothelial cell in the stroma of mild cervicitis, CIN and cervical carcinoma. AQP3 and AQP8 were localizedin the membrane of normal squamous epithelium and carcinoma cells, local signals being more common thandiffuse staining. AQP1 and AQP3 expression was remarkably stronger in cervical cancer than in mild cervicitisand CIN2-3 (P<0.05). AQP8 expression was highest in CIN2-3 (91.7%), but levels in cervical carcinoma werealso higher than in mild cervicitis. AQP1, AQP3, AQP8 expression significantly increased in advanced stage,deeper infiltration, metastatic lymph nodes and larger tumor volume (P<0.05). Our findings showed that AQPsmight play important roles in cervical carcinogenesis and tumour progression in Uygur women.}, keywords = {AQPs,cervical carcinoma,differential expression,Uygur women,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26417.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26417_dd6b96ffdf0e5c3d99c89fb6539d68b1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Houttuynia cordata Thunb Fraction Induces Human Leukemic Molt-4 Cell Apoptosis through the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1977-1981}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HCT) is a native herb found in Southeast Asia which features variouspharmacological activities against allergy, inflammation, viral and bacterial infection, and cancer. The aims ofthis study were to determine the cytotoxic effect of 6 fractions obtained from silica gel column chromatographyof alcoholic HCT extract on human leukemic Molt-4 cells and demonstrate mechanisms of cell death. Six HCTfractions were cytotoxic to human lymphoblastic leukemic Molt-4 cells in a dose-dependent manner by MTTassay, fraction 4 exerting the greatest effects. Treatment with IC50 of HCT fraction 4 significantly induced Molt-4apoptosis detected by annexinV-FITC/propidium iodide for externalization of phosphatidylserine to the outerlayer of cell membrane. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was reduced in HCT fraction 4-treatedMolt-4 cells. Moreover, decreased expression of Bcl-xl and increased levels of Smac/Diablo, Bax and GRP78proteins were noted on immunoblotting. In conclusion, HCT fraction 4 induces Molt-4 apoptosis cell throughan endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.}, keywords = {Houttuynia cordata Thunb,Apoptosis,human leukemic Molt-4 cells,endoplasmic reticulum stress}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26418.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26418_5d85ea410c7dd462a6acf75848a40d94.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Inhibition of ENNG-Induced Pyloric Stomach and Small Intestinal Carcinogenesis in Mice by High Temperature- and Pressure-Treated Garlic}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1983-1988}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {High temperature- and pressure-treated garlic (HTPG) has been shown to have enhanced antioxidative activityand polyphenol contents. Previously, we reported that HTPG inhibited 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced mucindepleted foci (premalignant lesions) and O6-methylguanine DNA adduct formation in the rat colorectum. In thepresent study, we investigated the modifying effects of HTPG on N-ethyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG)-induced pyloric stomach and small intestinal carcinogenesis in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were given ENNG(100 mg/l) in drinking water for the first 4 weeks, then a basal diet or diet containing 2% or 5% HTPG for 30weeks. The incidence and multiplicity of pyloric stomach and small intestinal (duodenal and jejunal) tumors inthe 2% HTPG group (but not in the 5% HTPG group) were significantly lower than those in the control group.Cell proliferation of normal-appearing duodenal mucosa was assessed by MIB-5 immunohistochemistry andshown to be significantly lower with 2% HTPG (but again not 5% HTPG) than in controls. These results indicate that HTPG, at 2% in the diet, inhibited ENNG-induced pyloric stomach and small intestinal (especiallyduodenal) tumorigenesis in mice, associated with suppression of cell proliferation.}, keywords = {Intestinal neoplasia,Mice,high temperature- and pressure-treated garlic,Chemoprevention}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26419.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26419_bcdfdac39eb96681f560f9d0d4723fa0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Planning of Nuclear Medicine in Turkey: Current Status and Future Perspectives}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1989-1994}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Purpose: An analysis of the current nuclear medicine (NM) status and future demand inTurkey in line with the international benchmarks was conducted to establish a comprehensive baseline reference.Methods: Data from all NM centers on major equipment and manpower in Turkey were collected througha survey and cross-checked with the primary research and governmental data. Data regarding manpowercurrently working were obtained from the relevant academic centers and occupational societies. Results: Thecurrent numbers of NM laboratories, NM specialists, gamma cameras, PET/CT scanners, radioiodine treatmentunits for thyroid cancer are 217, 474, 287, 75 and 39, respectively. There was personnel and equipment needunderestimated in the field compared to developed countries. Equipment insufficiency was more significant inthe Ministry of Health (MoH) hospitals. These gaps should be eliminated with strategic planning of equipmentand NM laboratories. Currently, the number of the PET/CT devices is at the level of the developed countries.The number of specialists in the field should reach the expected goal in 2023. By 2023, Turkey will need around820 NM specialists, 498 gamma cameras and 99 PET/CT devices. In addition, further studies should be maderegarding other related staff, particularly for health physicians, radiopharmacists and NM technicians.Conclusion: There is an insufficiency of personnel and equipment in Turkey’s NM field. Comprehensive strategicplanning is required to allocate limited resources and the purchase of the equipment and employment policiesshould be structured as part of “National Special Feature Requiring Health Service Plan”.}, keywords = {Nuclear medicine,Equipment,staff,future policy decisions,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26420.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26420_34b3adb89326fafe7eb4aa64ef0bbffe.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Brain Metastases from Cholangiocarcinoma: a First Case Series in Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1995-1997}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Brain metastasis from cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare but fatal event. To the best of ourknowledge, only few cases have been reported. Herein, we report the incident rate and a first case series of brainmetastases from CCA. Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2010 5,164 patients were treated atSrinagarind hospital, Khon Kaen University; of those, 8 patients developed brain metastasis. Here we reviewedclinical data and survival times. Results: The incident rate of brain metastases from CCA was 0.15%. The medianage of the patients was 60 years. Tumor subtypes were intrahepatic in 6 and hilar in 2 patients. All suffered fromsymptoms related to brain metastasis. Three patients were treated with whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT),one of whom also underwent surgery. The median survival after the diagnosis of brain metastasis was 9.5 weeks(1-28 weeks). The longest survival observed in a patient in RPA class I with two brain lesions and received WBRT.Conclusion: This is a first case series of brain metastases from CCA with the incident rate of 0.15%. It is rareand associated with short survival time.}, keywords = {Bile duct neoplasm,brain metastasis,cholangiocarcinoma,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26421.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26421_2a24c4deb93a351c4643b326d5bc9eca.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association of a Newly Identified Variant of DNA Polymerase Beta (polβΔ63-123, 208-304) with the Risk Factor of Ovarian Carcinoma in India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1999-2002}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: DNA polymerase is a single-copy gene that is considered to be part of the DNA repair machineryin mammalian cells. The encoded enzyme is a key to the base excision repair (BER) pathway. It is evident that polbeta has mutations in various cancer samples, but little is known about ovarian cancer. Aim: Identification of anyvariant form of polβ cDNA in ovarian carcinoma and determination of association between the polymorphismand ovarian cancer risk in Indian patients. We used 152 samples to isolate and perform RT-PCR and sequencing.Results: A variant of polymerase beta (deletion of exon 4-6 and 11-13, comprising of amino acid 63-123, and 208-304) is detected in heterozygous condition. The product size of this variant is 532 bp while wild type pol betais 1 kb. Our study of association between the variant and the endometrioid type shows that it is a statisticallysignificant factor for ovarian cancer [OR=31.9 (4.12-246.25) with p<0.001]. The association between variantand stage IV patients further indicated risk (χ2 value of 29.7, and OR value 6.77 with 95% CI values 3.3-13.86).The correlation study also confirms the association data (Pearson correlation values for variant/stage IV andvariant/endometrioid of 0.44 and 0.39). Conclusion: Individuals from this part of India with this type of variantmay be at risk of stage IV, endometrioid type ovarian carcinoma.}, keywords = {DNA polymerase beta,DNA Repair,cDNA,Polymorphism,RT-PCR,India}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26422.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26422_811158c27f2dcb9bddc841e1546c97c9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association of Reduced Immunohistochemical Expression of E-cadherin with a Poor Ovarian Cancer Prognosis - Results of a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2003-2007}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: E-cadherin is a transmemberane protein which is responsible for adhesion of endothelial cells. Theaim of our study was to assess existing evidence of associations between reduced expression of E-cadherin andprognosis of ovarian cancer with a discussion of potential approaches to exploiting any prognostic value forimproved clinical management. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of 9 studies (n=915 patients) focusingon the correlation of reduced expression of E-cadherin with overall survival. Data were synthesized with randomor fixed effect hazard ratios. Results: The studies were categorized by author/year, number of patients, FIGOstage, histology, cutoff value for E-cadherin positivity, and methods of hazard rations (HR) estimation, HR andits 95% confidence interval (CI). Combined hazard ratios suggested that reduced expression of E-cadherinpositivity was associated with poor overall survival (OS), HR= 2.10, 95% CI:1.13-3.06. Conclusion: The overallsurvival of the E-cadherin negative group with ovarian cancer was significant poorer than the E-cadherin positivegroup. Upregulation of E-cadherin is an attractive therapeutic approach that could exert significant effects onclinical outcome of ovarian cancer.}, keywords = {E-cadherin,Overall survival,Ovarian Cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26423.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26423_ff5e73ea0dac178ca1227f0ae66949e8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Tas13D Inhibits Growth of SMMC-7721 Cell via Suppression VEGF and EGF Expression}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2009-2014}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Taspine, isolated from Radix et Rhizoma Leonticis has demosntrated potential proctiective effectsagainst cancer. Tas13D, a novel taspine derivative synthetized by structure-based drug design, have been shownto possess interesting biological and pharmacological activities. The current study was designed to evaluateits antiproliferative activity and underlying mechanisms. Methods: Antiproliferative activity of tas13D wasevaluated by xenograft in athymic mice in vivo, and by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) and cell migration assays with human liver cancer (SMMC-7721) cell lines in vitro. Dockingbetween tas13D and VEGFR and EGFR was studied by with a Sybyl/Surflex module. VEGF and EGF andtheir receptor expression was determined by ELISA and real-time PCR methods, respectively. Results: Ourpresent study showed that tas13D inhibited SMMC-7721 xenograft tumor growth, bound tightly with the activesite of kinase domains of EGFR and VEGFR, and reduced SMMC-7721 cell proliferation (IC=34.7 μmol/L)and migration compared to negative controls. VEGF and EGF mRNAs were significantly reduced by tas13Dtreatment in a dose-dependent manner, along with VEGF and EGF production. Conclusion: The obtained resultssuggest that tas13D inhibits tumor growth and cell proliferation by inhibiting cell migration, downregulatingmRNA expression of VEGF and EGF, and decreasing angiogenic factor production. Tas13D deserves furtherconsideration as a chemotherapeutic agent.}, keywords = {Tas13D,SMMC-7721 cell,EGF,EGFR,VEGF,VEGFR,Chemotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26424.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26424_a6306925dc545de24495a36d5ffa6a91.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Apoptosis-Induced Cell Death due to Oleanolic Acid in HaCaT Keratinocyte Cells -a Proof-of-Principle Approach for Chemopreventive Drug Development}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2015-2020}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Oleanolic acid (OA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid in food materials and is a component of the leavesand roots of Olea europaea, Viscum album L., Aralia chinensis L. and more than 120 other plant species. Thereare several reports validating its antitumor activity against different cancer cells apart from its hepatoprotectiveactivity. However, antitumor activity against skin cancer has not beed studied well thus far. Hence the presentstudy of effects of OA against HaCaT (immortalized keratinocyte) cells - a cell-based epithelial model systemfor toxicity/ethnopharmacology-based studies - was conducted. Radical scavenging activity (DPPH•) and FRAPwere determined spectrophotometrically. Proliferation was assessed by XTT assay at 24, 48 and 72 hrs withexposure to various concentrations (12.5-200 μM) of OA. Apoptotic induction potential of OA was demonstratedusing a cellular DNA fragmentation ELISA method. Morphological studies were also carried out to elucidateits antitumor potential. The results revealed that OA induces apoptosis by altering cellular morphology aswell as DNA integrity in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner, with comparatively low cytotoxicity. Themoderate toxicity observed in HaCaT cells, with induction of apoptosis, possibly suggests greater involvementof programmed-cell death-mediated mechanisms. We conclude that OA has relatively low toxicity and has thepotential to induce apoptosis in HaCaT cells and hence provides a substantial and sound scientific basis forfurther validation studies.}, keywords = {Triterpenoid,Oleanolic acid- HaCaT,XTT,DNA fragmentation ELISA}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26425.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26425_662d6882e51310c77e0d5270529ab36b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Loss of DBC2 Expression is an Early and Progressive Event in the Development of Lung Adenocarcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2021-2023}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: DBC2 (Deleted in Breast Cancer 2) has been indicated to be a tumor suppressor gene in manycancers including lung adenocarcinoma recently. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression status ofDBC2 in different subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma (from pre-invasive to invasive lesions), and to determineif downregulation becomes more marked with pathological progression. Methods: We collected 172 tissuesamples from different subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma and investigated the frequency of DBC2 loss byimmunohistochemistry. Results: Our results indicated that DBC2 downregulation is a relatively frequentevent in lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, as the adenocarcinoma subtype turns to be more invasive, moredownregulation occurred. Conclusion: We conclude that loss of DBC2 expression is an early and progressive eventin the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. Positive DBC2 immunohistochemistry may become an indicatorfor early stage disease and better prognosis of lung adenocarcinomas.}, keywords = {Lung Adenocarcinoma,DBC2,invasive subtypes,tumor suppressor gene}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26426.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26426_8790bfea74dd57391eaeee45e239ef0c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene C677T Polymorphism and Lung Cancer: an Updated Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2025-2029}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the metabolism of folate and nucleotidesneeded for DNA synthesis and repair. Variations in MTHFR functions likely play roles in the etiology of lungcancer (LC). So far, several studies between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and LC provide controversial orinconclusive results. Methods: To better assess the purported relationship, we performed a meta-analysis of 14publications. Eligible studies were identified by searching the Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and GoogleScholar databases. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the association.Results: Overall, no significant association was detected between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and LCrisk, the same as in race subgroup. However, in the stratified analysis by histological type, significantly increasednon-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk was indicated (T-allele vs. C-allele: OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.03-1.19; TTvs. CC: OR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.09-1.41; TC vs. CC: OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.03-1.20 and TT+TC vs. CC: OR =1.09, 95%CI = 1.03-1.15). At the same time, ever-smokers who carried T-allele (TT+TC) had a 10% decreasedLC risk compared with CC genotype carriers. Conclusions: Our study provided evidence that the MTHFR 677Tnull genotype may increase NSCLC risk, however, it may protect ever-smokers against LC risk. Future studieswith large sample sizes are warranted to further evaluate this association in more detail.}, keywords = {MTHFR,Lung cancer,Polymorphism,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26427.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26427_f253bb13fcc0856e63fc52bc36345209.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Application of Crossover Analysis-logistic Regression in the Assessment of Gene- environmental Interactions for Colorectal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2031-2037}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Analysis of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions for complex multifactorial humandisease faces challenges regarding statistical methodology. One major difficulty is partly due to the limitations ofparametric-statistical methods for detection of gene effects that are dependent solely or partially on interactionswith other genes or environmental exposures. Based on our previous case-control study in Chongqing of China,we have found increased risk of colorectal cancer exists in individuals carrying a novel homozygous TT at locusrs1329149 and known homozygous AA at locus rs671. Methods: In this study, we proposed statistical methodcrossoveranalysis in combination with logistic regression model, to further analyze our data and focus on assessinggene-environmental interactions for colorectal cancer. Results: The results of the crossover analysis showed thatthere are possible multiplicative interactions between loci rs671 and rs1329149 with alcohol consumption. Multifactoriallogistic regression analysis also validated that loci rs671 and rs1329149 both exhibited a multiplicativeinteraction with alcohol consumption. Moreover, we also found additive interactions between any pair of twofactors (among the four risk factors: gene loci rs671, rs1329149, age and alcohol consumption) through thecrossover analysis, which was not evident on logistic regression. Conclusions: In conclusion, the method basedon crossover analysis-logistic regression is successful in assessing additive and multiplicative gene-environmentinteractions, and in revealing synergistic effects of gene loci rs671 and rs1329149 with alcohol consumption inthe pathogenesis and development of colorectal cancer.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,crossover analysis,logistic regression,polymorphisms,gene-environmental interaction}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26428.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26428_38548090ddd56256f4474ea79719365e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prevalence of Depression and its Correlations: a Cross-sectional Study in Thai Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2039-2043}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: Depression is common in cancer patients. However, only limited evidence is available for Asianpopulations. The authors therefore examine the prevalence of depression in Thai patients with cancer. In addition,associated factors were determined. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in cancer patientsadmitted to a university hospital during December 2006 - December 2007. The Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9) was used to assess all cancer patients. Suicidal risk was assessed by using the Mini-InternationalNeuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) in the module of suicidal risk assessment. Results: Of 108 cancer patients,29.6 % were diagnosed with a depressive disorder (mild, 14.8 %; moderate, 5.6 %; severe, 9.3 %). However, only25.0 % of these were recognized as being depressed by the primary physician. According to the MINI., 28.1 % ofthese depressed cancer patients had a moderate to severe level of suicidal risk. In addition, the findings suggestthat increased risk of depression is significantly associated with increased pain score, lower number of cancertreatments (< 2 methods), increased educational duration (>13 years), increased age (> 50 years old) and beingfemale. Conclusions: The prevalence of depression is high in Thai cancer patients. However, depressive disorder inthose patients is frequently undiagnosed. It is associated with several factors including pain, a number of cancertreatments, education duration, age and sex. To improve quality of life, increase compliance with treatmentsand prevent of suicide, screening for depressive disorders in this patient group is strongly recommended.}, keywords = {cancer,Depressive disorder,Suicide,Pain,risk factors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26429.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26429_cbe5eff854d11b3378cf50a2b4ddca2d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Down-regulation of SENP1 Expression Increases Apoptosis of Burkitt Lymphoma Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2045-2049}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate the effect of down-regulation of Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1)expression on the apoptosis of human Burkitt lymphoma cells (Daudi cells) and potential mechanisms. Methods:Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting SENP1 was designed and synthesized and then cloned into a lentiviralvector. A lentiviral packaging plasmid was used to transfect Daudi cells (sh-SENP1-Daudi group). Daudi cellswithout transfection (Daudi group) and Daudi cells transfected with blank plasmid (sh-NC-Daudi group) servedas control groups. Flow cytometry was performed to screen GFP positive cells and semiquantitative PCR andWestern blot assays were employed to detect the inference efficiency. The morphology of cells was observedunder a microscope before and after transfection. Fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot assays wereconducted to measure the mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis related molecules (caspase-3, 8 and 9). Aftertreatment with COCl2 for 24 h, the mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia inducible factor -1α (HIF-1α) wasdetermined. Results: Sequencing showed the expression vectors of shRNA targeting SENP1 to be successfullyconstructed. Following screening of GFP positive cells by FCM, semiqualitative PCR showed the interferenceefficiency was 79.2±0.026%. At 48 h after transfection, the Daudi cells became shrunken, had irregular edgesand presented apoptotic bodies. Western blot assay revealed increase in expression of caspase-3, 8 and 9 withprolongation of transfection (P<0.05). Following hypoxia treatment, mRNA expression of HIF-1α remainedunchanged in three groups (P>0.05) but the protein expression of HIF-1α markedly increased (P<0.05). However,in the sh-SENP1-Daudi group, the protein expression of HIF-1α remained unchanged Conclusion: SENP1-shRNAcan efficiently inhibit SENP1 expression in Daudi cells. SENP1 inhibition may promote cell apoptosis. Thesefindings suggest that SENP1 may serve as an important target in the gene therapy of Burkitts lymphoma.}, keywords = {Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 1,Daudi cells,cell apoptosis,hypoxia inducible factor,1α}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26430.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26430_4069f2e5cee9a3d656a0d0c33b7e4c71.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The CHEK2 I157T Variant and Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2051-2055}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) gene I157T variant may be associated with anincreased risk of colorectal cancer, but it is unclear whether the evidence is sufficient to recommend testing forthe mutation in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASES,Elsevier and Springer for relevant articles before Apr 2012. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidenceintervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects or random-effects models with Review Manager 5.0software. Results: A total of seven studies including 4,029 cases and 13,844 controls based on the search criteriawere included for analysis. A significant association of the CHEK2 I157T C variant with unselected CRC wasfound (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.40–1.87, P < 0.001). We also found a significant association with sporadic CRC(OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.23–1.77, P < 0.001) and separately with familial CRC (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.41–2.74, P< 0.001). Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrates that the CHEK2 I157T variant may be another importantCRC-predisposing gene, which increases CRC risk, especially in familial CRC.}, keywords = {Meta-analysis,colorectal cancer,CHEK2 I157T}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26431.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26431_dcbde868d48ea38fcc1ed18afaf7e9b1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Variation of Urinary and Serum Trace Elements (Ca, Zn, Cu, Se) in Bladder Carcinoma in China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2057-2061}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Backgrounds: Deficiency or excess of trace elements can induce body metabolic disorders and cellulargrowth disturbance, even mutation and cancerization. Since there are few studies of the effect of trace elementsin bladder carcinoma in China, the aim of this study was thus to assess variation using a case control approach.Methods: To determine this, 81 patients with bladder carcinoma chosen as a study group and 130 healthypersons chosen as a control group were all assayed for urinary and serum trace elements (calcium [Ca], zinc[Zn], copper [Cu], selenium [Se]) using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the results were analyzedby independent sample t tests. The correlative factors on questionnaires answered by all persons were analyzedby logistic regression. Results: The results showed urinary Ca, Zn and serum Cu levels of the study group tobe significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of he control group. Serum Ca and Se levels of study group weresignificantly lower (P<0.05) than those of control group. Conclusion: There were higher urinary Zn and serumCu concentrations in bladder carcinoma cases. Bladder carcinoma may be associated with Ca metabolic disorder,leading to higher urinary Ca and lower serum Ca. Low serum Se and smoking appear to be other risk factorsfor bladder carcinoma in China.}, keywords = {trace elements,atomic absorption,bladder carcinoma,risk factor,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26432.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26432_b625be8ee13a540c9539d71162651df9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Significance of Human Telomerase RNA Gene Amplification Detection for Cervical Cancer Screening}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2063-2068}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: Liquid-based cytology is the most often used method for cervical cancer screening, but it is relativelyinsensitive and frequently gives equivocal results. Used as a complementary procedure, the high-risk humanpapillomavirus (HPV) DNA test is highly sensitive but not very specific. The human telomerase RNA gene (TERC)is the most often amplified oncogene that is observed in cervical precancerous lesions. We assessed genomicamplification of TERC in liquid-based cytological specimens to explore the optimal strategy of using this forcervical cancer screening. Methods: Six hundred and seventy-one residual cytological specimens were obtainedfrom outpatients aged 25 to 64 years. The specimens were evaluated by the Digene Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) HPVDNA test and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a chromosome probe to TERC (3q26). Colposcopicexamination and histological evaluation were performed where indicated. Results: The TERC positive rate washigher in the CIN2+ (CIN2, CIN3 and SCC) group than in the normal and CIN 1 groups (90.0% vs. 10.4%, p <0.01). In comparison with the HC2 HPV DNA test, the TERC amplification test had lower sensitivity but higherspecificity (90.0% vs. 100.0%, 89.6% vs. 44.0%, respectively). TERC amplification test used in conjunctionwith the HC2 HPV DNA test showed a combination of 90.0% sensitivity and 92.2% specificity. Conclusion: TheTERC amplification test can be used to diagnose cervical precancerous lesions. TERC and HPV DNA co-testingshows an optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity for cervical cancer screening.}, keywords = {Cervical Neoplasms,human telomerase RNA gene,fish,HPV,hybrid capture 2}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26433.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26433_5bde8ccbc8598d754cb214af90de51b1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Overview of Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews about Gastric Cancer Risk and Protective Factors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2069-2079}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Objective: A comprehensive overall review of gastric cancer (GC) risk and protective factorsis a high priority, so we conducted the present study. Methods: Systematic searches in common medical electronicdatabases along with reference tracking were conducted to include all kinds of systematic reviews (SRs) aboutGC risk and protective factors. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and evaluated themethodological qualities and the quality of evidence using R-AMSTAR and GRADE approaches. Results: Betacarotenebelow 20 mg/day, fruit, vegetables, non-fermented soy-foods, whole-grain, and dairy product were GCprotective factors, while beta-carotene 20 mg/day or above, pickled vegetables, fermented soy-foods, processedmeat 30g/d or above, or salty foods, exposure to alcohol or smoking, occupational exposure to Pb, overweightand obesity, helicobacter pylori infection were GC risk factors. So we suggested screening and treating H. pyloriinfection, limiting the amount of food containing risk factors (processed meat consumption, beta-carotene,pickled vegetables, fermented soy-foods, salty foods, alcohol), stopping smoking, avoiding excessive weight gain,avoidance of Pb, and increasing the quantity of food containing protective components (fresh fruit and vegetables,non-fermented soy-foods, whole-grain, dairy products). Conclusions: The conclusions and recommendationsof our study were limited by including SRs with poor methodological bases and low quality of evidence, so thatmore research applying checklists about assessing the methodological qualities and reporting are needed for thefuture.}, keywords = {Stomach neoplasms,etiology,environmental exposure,Helicobacter pylori,Systematic reviews}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26434.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26434_2d13d8556c9f1e4463a0196b8d6cc245.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Value of Ultrasound Elastography in Assessment of Enlarged Cervical Lymph Nodes}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2081-2085}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: To investigate the value of ultrasound elastography (UE) in the differentiation between benignand malignant enlarged cervical lymph nodes (LNs). Methods: B-mode ultrasound, power Doppler imaging andUE were examined to determine LN characteristics. Two kinds of methods, 4 scores of elastographic classificationand a strain ratio (SR) were used to evaluate the ultrasound elastograms. Results: The cutoff point of SR hadhigh utility in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant of cervical lymph nodes, with good sensitivity,specificity and accuracy. Conclusion: UE is an important aid in differential diagnosis of benign and malignantcervical LNs.}, keywords = {Ultrasound,Elastography,strain ratio,lymph node,Differential diagnosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26435.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26435_82a579014c38ba7eeed1d3ea58883eb7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {β3GnT8 Regulates Laryngeal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation Via Targeting MMPs/TIMPs and TGF-β1}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2087-2093}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Previous evidence showed β1, 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 8 (β3GnT8), which can extendpolylactosamine on N-glycans, to be highly expressed in some cancer cell lines and tissues, indicating roles intumorigenesis. However, so far, the function of β3GnT8 in laryngeal carcinoma has not been characterized. Totest any contribution, Hep-2 cells were stably transfected with sense or interference vectors to establish cell linesthat overexpressed or were deficient in β3GnT8. Here we showed that cell proliferation was increased in β3GnT8overexpressed cells but decreased in β3GnT8 knockdown cells using MTT. Furthermore, we demonstrated thatchange in β3GnT8 expression had significant effects on tumor growth in nude mice.We further provided datasuggesting that overexpression of β3GnT8 enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) andmatrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) at both the mRNA and protein levels, associated with shedding of tissueinhibitors of metalloproteinase TIMP-2. In addition, it caused increased production of transforming growthfactor beta 1 (TGF-β1), whereas β3GnT8 gene knockdown caused the reverse effect. The results may indicate anovel mechanism by which effects of β3GnT8 in regulating cellular proliferation are mediated, at least in partviatargeting MMPs/TIMPs and TGF-β1 in laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells. The finding may lay a foundation forfurther investigations into the β3GnT8 as a potential target for therapy of laryngeal carcinoma.}, keywords = {β3GnT8,Proliferation,Laryngeal carcinoma,MMP,TGF-β1,therapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26436.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26436_8bf5c75e282cb260a84fbefd59ef659a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Mechanisms of Anticancer Activity of Sulforaphane from Brassica oleracea in HEp-2 Human Epithelial Carcinoma Cell Line}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2095-2100}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Sulforaphane (SFN) an isothiocyanate formed by hydrolysis of glucosinolates found in Brassica oleraceaeis reported to possess anticancer and antioxidant activities. In this study, we isolated SFN from red cabbage(Brassica oleraceae var rubra) and evaluated the comparative antiproliferative activity of various fractions(standard SFN, extract and purified SFN) by MTT assay in human epithelial carcinoma HEp -2 and and Verocells. Probable apoptotic mechanisms mediated through p53, bax and bcl-2 were also examined. The SFN fractionwas collected by HPLC, enriched for its SFN content and confirmed. Expression of apoptosis-related proteinswas detected by western blotting and RT PCR. Results showed that Std SFN and purified SFN concentrationfound to have closer IC50 which is equal to 58.96 microgram/ml (HEp-2 cells), 61.2 microgram/ml (Vero cells)and less than the extract which is found to be 113 microgram/ml (HEp-2 cells) and 125 microgram/ml (Verocells). Further studies on apoptotic mechanisms showed that purified SFN down-regulated the expression ofbcl-2 (antiapoptotic), while up-regulating p53 and Bax (proapoptotic) proteins, as well as caspase-3. This studyindicates that purified SFN possesses antiproliferative effects the same as Std SFN and its apoptotic mechanismin HEp-2 cells could be mediated through p53 induction, bax and bcl-2 signaling pathways.}, keywords = {Sulforaphane (SFN),Brassica oleracea,Apoptosis,p53,bax and bcl-2}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26437.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26437_e05672f758f7c2134364f9254bcfe508.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Long Term Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of N0 Stage Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: a Single Institutional Experience with 610 Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2101-2107}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Treatment responses of N0 stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma were firstly analyzed comprehensively toevaluate long term outcomes of patients and identify prognostic factors. A total of 610 patients with N0 NPC,undergoing definitive radiotherapy to their primary lesion and prophylactic radiation to upper neck, werereviewed retrospectively. Concomitant chemotherapy was administrated to 65 out of the 610. Survival rates ofthe patients were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Prognostic factorswere identified by the Cox regression model. The study revealed the 5-year and 10-year overall, disease-free,disease-specific, local failure-free, regional failure-free, locoregional failure-free and distant metastasis-freesurvival rates to be 78.7% and 66.8%, 68.8% and 55.8%, 79.9% and 70.4%, 81.2% and 72.5%, 95.8% and91.8%, 78.3% and 68.5%, 88.5% and 85.5%, respectively. There were 192 patients experiencing failure (31.5%)after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Of these, local recurrence, regional relapse and distant metastases asthe first event of failure occurred in 100 (100/610, 16.4%), 15(15/610, 2.5%) and 52 (52/610, 8.5%), respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that T stage was the only independent prognostic factor for patients with N0NPC (P=0.000). Late T stage (P=0.000), male (P=0.039) and anemia (P=0.007) were independently unfavorablefactors predicting disease-free survival. After treatment, satisfactory outcome wasgenerally achieved in patientswith N0 NPC. Local recurrence represented the predominant mode of treatment failure, while T stage was theonly independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Late T stage, male gender, and anemia independentlypredicted lower possibility of the disease-free survival.}, keywords = {Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,radiotherapy,N0,outcome,prognosis factors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26438.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26438_4e8d9dbe098ccd27d7a438f361267923.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Triple Negative Status is a Poor Prognostic Indicator in Chinese Women with Breast Cancer: a Ten Year Review}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2109-2114}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Ethnic variation in tumor characteristics and clinical presentation of breast cancer is increasinglybeing emphasized. We studied the tumor characteristics and factors which may influence the presentation andprognosis of triple negative breast cancers (TNC) in a cohort of Chinese women. Methods: A prospective cohortof 1800 Chinese women with breast cancer was recruited in a tertiary referral unit in Hong Kong between1995 and 2006 and was followed up with a median duration of 7.2 years. Of the total, 216 (12.0%) had TNCand 1584 (88.0%) had non-TNC. Their clinicopathological variables, epidemiological variables and clinicaloutcomes were evaluated. Results: Patients with TNC had similar age of presentation as those with non-TNC,while presenting at earlier stages (82.4% were stage 1-2, compared to 78.4% in non-TNC, p=0.035). They werelikely to be associated with grade 3 cancer (Hazard Ratio(HR)=5.8, p<0.001). TNC showed higher chance ofvisceral relapse (HR=2.69, p<0.001), liver metastasis (HR=1.7, p=0.003) and brain metastasis (HR=1.8, p=0.003).Compared with non-TNC group, TNC had similar 10-year disease-free survival (82% vs 84%, p=0.148), overallsurvival (78% vs 79%, p=0.238) and breast cancer-specific mortality (18% vs 16%, p=0.095). However, TNCshowed poorer 10-year stage 3 and 4 specific survival (stage 3: 53% vs. 67%, p=0.010; stage 4: 0% vs. 40%, p= 0.035). Conclusions: Chinese women with triple negative breast cancer do not have less aggressive biologicalbehavior compared to the West and presentation at a later stage results in worse prognosis compared with thosewith non triple negative breast cancer.}, keywords = {Breast Neoplasms,Asian Continental Ancestry Group,Epidemiology,Prognosis,mortality}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26439.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26439_5d50630ca7c75048e50d914d51744e60.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Promoter-Induced JAB1 Overexpression Enhances Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity of Lung Cancer Cell Line A549 in an Anoxic Environment}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2115-2120}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The presence of lung cancer cells in anoxic zones is a key cause od chemotherapeutic resistance. Thus, it isnecessary to enhance the sensitivity of such lung cancer cells. However, loss of efficient gene therapeutic targetingand inefficient objective gene expression in the anoxic zone in lung cancer are dilemmas. In the present study,a eukaryotic expression plasmid pUC57-HRE-JAB1 driven by a hypoxia response elements promoter wasconstructed and introduced into lung cancer cell line A549. The cells were then exposed to a chemotherapeutic drugcis-diamminedichloroplatinum (C-DDP). qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to determine the mRNA andprotein level and flow cytometry to examine the cell cycle and apoptosis of A549 transfected pUC57-HRE-JAB1.The results showed that JAB1 gene in the A549 was overexpressed after the transfection, cell proliferation beingarrested in G1 phase and the apoptosis ratio significantly increased. Importantly, introduction of pUC57-HREJAB1significantly increased the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of A549 in an anoxic environment. In conclusion,JAB1 overexpression might provide a novel strategy to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance in lung cancer.}, keywords = {Lung cancer,hypoxia-inducible factor,JAB1,chemotherapeutic sensitivity,Resistance,Cisplatin}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26440.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26440_f076dc08d7d11c9ceeb4deb609f2b9ef.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Potent Anticancer Effects of Lentivirus Encoding a Drosophila Melanogaster Deoxyribonucleoside Kinase Mutant Combined with Brivudine}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2121-2127}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Deoxyribonucleoside kinase of Drosophila melanogaster (Dm-dNK) mutants have been reportedto exert suicide gene effects in combined gene/chemotherapy of cancer. Here, we aimed to further evaluate thecapacity of the mutanted enzyme and its potential for inhibiting cancer cell growth. Methods: We altered thesequence of the last 10 amino acids of Dm-dNK to perform site-directed mutagenesis and constructed activesite mutanted Dm-dNK (Dm-dNKmut), RT-PCR and western bloting studies were used to reveal the expressionof lentivirus mediated Dm-dNKmut in a breast cancer cell line (Bcap37), a gastric cancer cell line (SGC7901)and a colorectal cancer cell line (CCL187). [3H]-labeled substrates were used for enzyme activity assays, cellcytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assays, cell proliferation using a hemocytometer and apoptosis inductionby thenannexin-V-FITC labeled FACS method. In vivo, an animal study was set out in which BALB/C nudemice bearing tumors were treated with lentivirus mediated expression of Dm-dNKmut with the pyrimidinenucleoside analog brivudine (BVDU, (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-(2-deoxyuridine). Results: The Dm-dNKmut couldbe stably expressed in the cancer cell lines and retained its enzymatic activity. Moreover, the cells expressingDm-dNKmut exhibited increased sensitivity in combination with BVDU, with induction of apoptosis in vitroand in vivo. Conclusion: These findings underlined the importance of BVDU phosphorylated by Dm-dNKmutin transduced cancer cells and the potential role of Dm-dNKmut as a suicide gene, thus providing the basis forfuture intensive research for cancer therapy.}, keywords = {Dm-dNK,Lentivirus,mutant,nucleoside,analogue,Suicide gene}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26441.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26441_b41e47ac34ee73127f37045947b139e0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Gemcitabine-based Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone in Patients with Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2129-2132}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To explore improved treatment by retrospectively comparing survival time of gemcitabine-basedconcurrent chemoradiotherapy (GemRT) versus chemotherapy (Gem) alone in patients with locally advancedpancreatic cancer (LAPC). Methods: From January 2005 to June 2010, 56 patients with LAPC from Subei People’sHospital were treated either with Gem (n=21) or GemRT (n=35). Gem consisted of 4-6 cycles gemcitabine alone(1000 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, 15, 28-day a cycle). GemRT consisted of 50.4Gy/28F radiotherapy with concurrent 2cycles of gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 on days of radiation 1, 8, 15, 21-day a cycle). Radiation was delivered to thegross tumor volume plus 1-1.5 cm by use of a three-dimensional conformal technique. The follow-up time wascalculated from the time of diagnosis to the date of death or last contact. Kaplan-Meier methodology wes usedto evaluate survival. Results: Patient characteristics were not significantly different between treatment groups.The disease control rate and the objective response rate of GemRT versus Gem was 97.1% vs 71.4%, 74.3%vs 38.1%. The overall survival (OS) was significantly better for GemRT compared to Gem (median 13 monthsversus 8 months; 51.4% versus 14.3% at 1 year, respectively). Conclusion: Radiation therapy at 50.4Gy with2 concurrent cycles of gemcitabine results in favorable rates of OS. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy should bethe first choice for patients with LAPC.}, keywords = {Locally advanced pancreatic cancer,concurrent chemoradiotherapy,Gemcitabine}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26442.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26442_779c89fdc32d5145cd85214f5336c744.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {G1/S-specific Cyclin-D1 Might be a Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2133-2137}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate the prognostic role of antigen KI-67 (Ki-67) and G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (cyclin-D1)in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods: Immunohistochemical staining (IHS)was used to determine the protein expression of Ki-67 and cyclin-D1 in LSCC tissues. Kaplan-Meier survivalcurves was calculated with reference to Ki-67 and cyclin-D1 levels. Results: Cyclin-D1 and Ki67 were expressedin the nuclei of cancer cells. Among the total of 92 cancer tissues examined by immunohistochemistry, 60(65.22%) had cyclin-D1 overexpression and 56 (60.87%) had Ki67 overexpression. Cyclin-D1 overexpression isassociated with the advanced stage of the cancer (P=0.029), but not with gender, age, stage of cancer, histologicaldifferentiation, anatomical site, smoking history and alcohol consumption history. Ki67 overexpression is notassociated with the advanced stage, gender, age, histological differentiation, anatomical site, smoking history andalcohol consumption history. A statistically significant correlation was found between lymph node status and theexpression of Ki67 (p = 0.025). Overexpression of cyclin-D1 was correlated to shorter relapse-free survival period(P<0.001). Conclusions: Overexpression of cyclin-D1 can be used as a marker to predict relapse in patients withLSCC after primary curative resection.}, keywords = {Cyclin-D1,Ki-67,laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma,prognostic biomarker,Survival time}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26443.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26443_6e74d99291058643cff36458e50f7830.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {ADPRT Val762Ala and XRCC1 Arg194Trp Polymorphisms and Risk of Gastric Cancer in Sichuan of China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2139-2144}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Gastric cancer remains a major health problem in China. We hypothesized that XRCC1 Arg194Trpand ADPRT Val762Ala may be associated with risk. Methods: We designed a multicenter 1:1 matched casecontrolstudy of 307 pairs of gastric cancers and controls between October 2010 and August 2011. XRCC1Arg194Trp and ADPRT Val762Ala were sequenced, and demographic data as well as lifestyle factors werecollected using a self-designed questionnaire. Results: Individuals carrying XRCC1 Trp/Trp or Arg/Trp variantgenotype had a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer (OR, 1.718; 95% CI, 1.190-2.479), while the ORfor ADPRT Val762Ala variant genotype (Ala/Ala or Val/Ala) was 1.175 (95% CI, 0.796-1.737). No gene-gene orgene-environment interactions were found. In addition, family history of cancer and drinkers proportion werehigher among cases than among controls (P<0.05). Conclusions: XRCC1 194 Arg/Trp or Trp/Trp genotype,family history of cancer, and drinking are suspected risk factors of gastric cancer from our study. Our findingsmay offer insight into further similar large gene-environment and gene-gene studies in this region.}, keywords = {Gastric cancer,XRCC1,ADPRT,polymorphisms,risk,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26444.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26444_a00f57c922a69221df6b7ac121a9a205.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {PBK/TOPK Expression During TPA-Induced HL-60 Leukemic Cell Differentiation}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2145-2148}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: This study concerns expression of PBK/TOPK during differentiation of HL-60 leukemic cellsinduced by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). Methods: Wright-Giemsa staining was performed to observemorphological changes in the HL-60 cells, and flow cytometry was used to assess the cell cycle and CD11b,CD14, CD13, and CD33 expression. PBK/TOPK levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Results: Aftertreating HL60 cells with 5.1 × 10-9 mmol/L of TPA for three days, the number of nitroblue-tetrazolium-positivecells and CD11b, CD13, and CD14 expression increased, whereas the PBK/TOPK levels decreased. Conclusions:TPA can inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation of HL60 cells of the granulocytic or monocytic lineage.PBK/TOPK expression was downregulated during this process, whereas the Pho-PBK/TOPK expression wasincreased.}, keywords = {HL-60 cells,PBK/TOPK,differentiation,TPA}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26445.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26445_4218254e114a938cecbf85506a9b1cc3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prostate Biomarkers with Reference to Body Mass Index and Duration of Prostate Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2149-2152}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: This study was performed to assess prostate biomarkers with reference to body mass index andduration of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: A hospital based retrospective study was undertaken usingdata retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital,Pokhara, Nepal between 1st January, 2009 and 28th February, 2012. Biomarkers studied were prostate specificantigen (PSA), acid phosphatase (ACP) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) andgamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT). Demographic data including age, duration of disease, body weight,height and body mass index (BMI) were also collected. Duration of disease was categorized into three groups:<1 year, 1-2years and >2 years. Similarly, BMI (kg/m2) was categorized into three groups: <23 kg/m2, 23-25 kg/m2 and >25 kg/m2. Descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis were used for the analysis using EPI INFOand SPSS 16 software. Results: Out of 57 prostate cancers, serum level of PSA, ACP and PAP were increasedabove the cut-off point in 50 (87.5%), 30 (52.63%) and 40 (70.18%) respectively. Serum levels of PSA, ACPand PAP significantly declined with the duration of disease after diagnosis. We observed significant and inverserelation between PSA and BMI. Similar non-signficiant tendencies were apparent for ACP and PAP. Conclusions:Decreasing levels of prostate biomarkers were found with the duration of prostate cancer and with increasedBMI. Out of prostate biomarkers, PSA was found to be significantly decreased with the duration of disease andBMI.}, keywords = {PSA,ACP,PAP,Prostate Cancer,BMI,duration of disease}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26446.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26446_56e36f71e7e594b3a2cc379223762c35.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Liver Involvement in Multiple Myeloma: A Hospital Based Retrospective Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2153-2155}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: This study was to assess liver involvement in multiple myeloma with the aid of liver function tests.Materials and Methods: A hospital based retrospective study was undertaken using data retrieved of multiplemyeloma from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of the Manipal Teaching Hospital,Pokhara, Nepal between 1st January, 2007 and 28th February, 2012. We collected biomarkers of liver profilesincluding bilirubin (Total, Direct and Indirect), total protein, albumin, AG ratio, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, γGT,LDH, ferritin, renal profile and hematological profile. Descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis were usedfor the analysis using EPI INFO and SPSS 16 software. Results: Out of 37 cases of multiple myeloma, serumlevel of AST, ALT, ALP, γGT and LDH were increased above the cut-off point in 22 (59.5%), 24 (64.86%), 13(35.13%), 9 (24.3%) and 11 (29.7%) respectively. The mean values of AST (65.5±28.18 U/L), ALT (68.37±29.74U/L), ALP (328.0±148.4 U/L), γGT (44.5±29.6 U/L) and LDH (361.7±116.5 U/L), total protein (9.79±1.03 gm/dl) were significantly increased when compared with controls. In contrast, albumin (3.68±0.43 gm/dl) and theAG ratio (0.62±0.15) were significantly decreased. Similarly, anemia, hyperuricemia, azotemia, hypercalcaemiaand Bence Jones proteinuria were found in 30 (78.9%), 27 (71.1%), 19 (51.5%), 15 (39.5%) and 16 (42.1%)respectively, in cases of multiple myeloma. Conclusions: While clinical manifestation of liver disease among themultiple myeloma was not common, abnormalities in liver function were characteristic.}, keywords = {multiple myeloma,liver disease,liver profile,renal profile,hematological profile,Nepal}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26447.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26447_67997ed6d7ca4f1df5b1b706a5135cbd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Genetic Variants in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR Pathway Predict Platinum-based Chemotherapy Response of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancers in a Chinese Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2157-2162}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway has been implicated in resistance to cisplatin.In the current study, we determined whether common genetic variations in this pathway are associated withplatinum-based chemotherapy response and clinical outcome in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)patients. Methods: Seven common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in core genes of this pathway weregenotyped in 199 patients and analyzed for associations with chemotherapy response, progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed an association between AKT1rs2494752 and response to treatment. Patients carrying heterozygous AG had an increased risk of diseaseprogression after two cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy compared to those with AA genotype (Adjustedodds ratio (OR)=2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-4.77, which remained significant in the stratifiedanalyses). However, log-rank test and cox regression detected no association between these polymorphisms inthe PI3K pathway genes and survival in advanced NSCLC patients. Conclusions: Our findings suggest thatgenetic variants in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway may predict platinum-based chemotherapy responsein advanced NSCLC patients in a Chinese population.}, keywords = {PI3K - AKT,mTOR - PTEN - polymorphism - NSCLC - chemotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26448.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26448_0f2c3e74b68b6d47a821b54a6aa864b8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Development and Area Adaptation of Flow Charts Related to Gynecologic Oncology Nursing Practices}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2163-2170}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: This one group semi-experimental study was performed to develop and adapt flow charts of nursingpractices applied to gynecologic oncology patients to the field. Methods: The research was conducted betweenOctober 2008 and March 2009 in 6 hospitals in Istanbul (3 health ministry hospitals, 2 private hospitals and 1university hospital) with effective programs. The scope of the study included 97 midwives/nurses who had beenworking as caregivers of gynecologic oncology patients in this unit at least for 6 months and who participatedin this study voluntarily; 87 people composed the sample because of the absence of others on vacation or sickleave when the data were collected or who did not wish to participate. The data were in descriptive informationform collected via “Forms to Determine the Efficiency of Flow Charts”. Before data collection, risks related togynecologic oncology problems were identified, a literature scanning was made for existing flow charts based onactual practices and the discovered charts were reviewed. As a result of the evaluations, it was decided to create 15flow charts intended for risks, symptoms, operation processes and discharge. Questionnaires to determine activitywere applied to participants before and after practice. Results: As a result of the study, it was determined thatthe efficiency of the flow charts increased significantly (p <0.01) after practice of the participants, nosignificantrelationships (p>0.01) being apparent with age group, education level, occupational period in the job and inthe gynecologic oncology field and evaluations of the practice before and after it was applied. Conclusion: Theresults of the study revealed that nursing participants in university and private hospitals and who supportedthe existence of a flow chart in the field evaluated the flow charts positively.}, keywords = {Flow chart,Gynecologic oncology,care standards,nursing approach}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26449.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26449_7aca076deec7064f9e4aedaf25088020.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Improved Diagnostic Accuracy of Pancreatic Diseases with a Combination of Various Novel Serum Biomarkers - Case Control Study from Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2171-2174}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Pancreatic cancer is a distressing disease with a miserable prospects and early recognitionremains a challenge due to ubiquitous symptomatic presentation, deep anatomical location, and aggressiveetiology. False positives and problems in distinguishing pancreatitis from adenocarcinoma limit the use of CA 19-9as both disorders can present with similar symptoms and share radiographic physiognomies. This study aimedto assess the relative increase in accuracy of diagnosing the patients with chronic pancreatitis, benign neoplasmof pancreas and adenocarcinomas with CA 19-9, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A in comparison to CA 19-9alone. Materials and Methods: This hospital based case control study was carried out in the Departments ofMedicine and Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, between 1st January 2010 and 31stDecember 2011. The variables assessed were age, gender, serum CA19-9, serum haptoglobulin, serum Amyloid A.The data were analyzed using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for WindowsVersion 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. Results: Out of 197 casesof pancreatic disease, maximum number of assumed cases were of adenocarcinoma of pancreas (95). Numberof males (59) were more than females (36) in assumed cases of adenocarcinoma of pancreas. The mean values ofCA19-9 raised considerably in cases of chronic pancreatitis, benign neoplasm and adenocarcinoma of pancreaswhen compared to controls. The highest augmention in CA19-9 values were in cases of adenocarcinoma ofpancreas. The p-value indicates that in cases of chronic pancreatitis, there was not significant increase in precisionof diagnosis. Conclusions: These statistics established that haptoglobin and SAA are useful in discriminatingcancer from benign conditions as well as healthy controls.}, keywords = {Pancreatic diseases,serum biomarkers,Nepal}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26450.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26450_dfd8f4469db80a273de54155f1cba70d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2, but not Caspase-3, Facilitates Distinction between Benign and Malignant Thyroid Follicular Neoplasms}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2175-2178}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: Definite diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is based on the presence of capsularor vascular invasion. To date, no reliable and practical method has been introduced to discriminate thismalignant neoplasm from follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) in fine needle aspiration biopsy material. Matrixmetalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), by degrading extracellular matrix, and caspase-3, by induction of apoptosis, havebeen shown to play important roles in carcinogenesis and aggressive behavior in many tumor types. The aim of thisstudy was to examine expression of MMP-2 and caspase-3 in thyroid follicular neoplasms and to determine theirusefulness for differential diagnosis. Method: Sixty FTAs and 41 FTCs were analysed immunohistochemicallyfor MMP-2 and caspase-3. Result: MMP-2 was positive in 4 FTCs (9.8%), but in none of FTAs, with statisticalsignificance (p= 0.025). Caspase-3 was positive in 30 (50%) of FTAs and in 27 (65.9%) of FTCs. Conclusion: Ourresults show MMP-2 expression only in FTCs and suggest that this protein may be a useful marker to confirmdiagnosis of FTC versus FTA with 100% specificity and 100% predictive value of a positive test. We failed toshow any differential diagnostic value for caspase-3 in thyroid follicular neoplasms.}, keywords = {caspase-3,follicular thyroid adenoma,follicular thyroid carcinoma,immunohistochemistry}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26451.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26451_6b028102e74b3e11d25c8b894d8f6684.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Reproductive Variables and Risk of Breast Malignant and Benign Tumours in Yunnan Province, China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2179-2184}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction and aim: To compare reproductive factor influence on patients with pathological diagnosedmalignant and benign tumor in the Breast Department, The First Peoples’ Hospital of Kunming in Yunnanprovince, China. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 263 breast cancer (BC) casesand 457 non-breast cancer controls from 2009 to 2011. The cases and controls information on demographics,medical history, and reproductive characteristics variables were collected using a self-administered questionnaireand routine medical records. Histology of breast cancer tissue and benign breast lesion were documented bypathology reports. Since some variables in data analysis had zero count in at least one category, binomial-responseGLM using the bias-reduction method was applied to estimate OR’s and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). To adjust for age and menopause status, a compound variable comprising age and menopausal status wasretained in the statistical models. Results: multivariate model analysis revealed significant independent positiveassociations of BC with short menstrual cycle, old age at first live birth, never breastfeeding, history of oralcontraception experience, increased number of abortion, postmenopausal status, and nulliparity. Categorisedby age and menopausal status, perimenopausal women had about 3-fold and postmenopausal women had morethan 5-fold increased risk of BC compared to premenopausal women. Discussion and Conclusion: This study hasconfirmed the significant association of BC and estrogen related risk factors of breast cancer including longermenstrual cycle, older age of first live birth, never breastfeeding, nulliparity, and number of abortions morethan one. The findings suggest that female hormonal factors, especially the trend of menopause status play asignificant role in the development of BC in Yunnan women}, keywords = {risk factor,breast cancer,case control,Yunnan,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26452.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26452_e2733596152e58f11197dbf6c5fa1a8d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prevalence and Pathogenesis of Barrett’s Esophagus in Luoyang, China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2185-2191}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) in Luoyang, China, has not been reported, and itspathogenesis is controversial. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the prevalence of BE and itsunderlying factors in the city of Luoyang. Method: This was a prospective study in one center. Many patientswere analyzed using endoscopy who showed upper gastrointestinal symptoms between August 2006 and June2007. In addition, the effect of apoptosis-related proteins and heat shock proteins upon BE’s pathogenesis werealso investigated by an immunohistochemical protocol. Results: Prevalence of BE was at 4.55% and the mean ageof those affected was about 10 years older than for esophagitis. Typical reflux symptoms were significantly lowerthan with esophagitis, whereas signs of caspase-3 and HSP105 elevation were significantly higher. Expressionof TERT, HSP70 and HSP90α in BE cases was significantly lower than in esophagitis. However, there was nostatistical difference between the two groups in expression of HSP27. Conclusions: The prevalence of BE is highin Luoyang, which could result from esophagitis despite typical reflux symptoms being relatively uncommon.Initiation and development of BE might be the result of accelerated proliferation, apoptosis and differentiationof original cells to intestinal epithelium.}, keywords = {Barrett’s esophagus - prevalence &#8211,pathogenesis - Luoyang, China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26453.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26453_b5ff7ec28957ea20ea56774347f85e20.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Polymorphism and Cervical Cancer Risk: a Meta-Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2193-2197}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of folate,and the role of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in cervical carcinogenesis is still controversial. Method: Weperformed a meta-analysis of all relevant case-control studies that examined any association between the C677Tpolymorphism and cervical cancer risk. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) with their confidence intervals(CIs) to assess links. Results: Finally, 10 studies with a total of 2113 cervical cancer cases and 2804 controls wereincluded. Results from this meta-analysis showed that significantly elevated cervical cancer risk was associatedwith the MTHFR T allele in the Asian population under conditions of two genetic comparison models (for TTvs. CC, OR = 1.37, 95%CI 1.00-1.87, P = 0.050; for TT vs. TC+CC: OR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.01-1.77, P = 0.039).However, there was no obvious association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and cervical cancer riskin the other populations. Conclusion: The MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with cervical cancer riskin Asians, while any possible link in the Caucasian population needs further studies.}, keywords = {methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,Genetic polymorphism,cervical cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26454.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26454_6b04e4b9d19e0da8e3f5d7f1791e7e89.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Interactions Between MTHFR C677T - A1298C Variants and Folic Acid Deficiency Affect Breast Cancer Risk in a Chinese Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2199-2206}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Our objective was to evaluate the MTHFR C677T-A1298C polymorphisms in patients withbreast cancer and in individuals with no history of cancer, to compare the levels of genetic damage and apoptosisunder folic acid (FA) deficiency between patients and controls, and to assess associations with breast cancer.Methods: Genetic damage was marked by micronucleated binucleated cells (MNBN) and apoptosis was estimatedby cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN). PCR-RFLP molecular analysis was carried out. Results: Theresults showed significant associations between the MTHFR 677TT or the combined MTHFR C677T-A1298Cand breast cancer risk (OR = 2.51, CI = 0.85 to 7.37, p = 0.08; OR = 4.11, CI = 0.78 to 21.8, p < 0.001). TheMNBN from the combined MTHFR C677T-A1298C was higher and the apoptosis was lower than that of thesingle variants (p < 0.05). At 15 to 60 nmol /L FA, the MNBN in cases with the TTAC genotype was higher thancontrols (p < 0.05), whereas no significant difference in apoptosis was found between the cases and controls afterexcluding the genetic background. Conclusions: Associations between the combined MTHFR C677T-A1298Cpolymorphism and breast cancer are possible from this study. A dose of 120 nmol/L FA could enhance apoptosisin cases with MTHFR C677T-A1298C. Breast cancer individuals with the TTAC genotype may be more sensitiveto the genotoxic effects of FA deficiency than controls.}, keywords = {Folic acid,combined MTHFR C677T-A1298C,breast cancer,Genetic damage,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26455.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26455_d48d3265acf71cd8594cd96b9f3dc913.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone Induces Retinoic Acid Receptor β Hypermethylation through DNA Methyltransferase 1 Accumulation in Esophageal Squamous Epithelial Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2207-2212}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Overexpression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) has been detected in many cancers. Tobacco exposureis known to induce genetic and epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of malignancy. 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is an important carcinogen present in tobacco smoke; however the detailedmolecular mechanism of how NNK induces esophageal carcinogenesis is still unclear. We found that DNMT1was overexpressed in ESCC tissues compared with paired non-cancerous tissues, the overexpression beingcorrelated with smoking status and low expression of RARβ. The latter could be upregulated by NNKtreatment in Het-1A cells, and the increased DNMT1 expression level reflected promoter hypermethylation anddownregulation of retinoic acid receptor β(RARβ). RNA interference mediated knockdown of DNMT1 resultedin promoter demethylation and upregulation of RARβ in KYSE30 and TE-1 cells. 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-thiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that NNK treatment in Het-1A cells could enhance cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion,DNMT1 overexpression is correlated with smoking status and low expression of RARβ in esophageal SCCpatients. NNK could induce RARβ promoter hypermethylation through upregulation of DNMT1 in esophagealsquamous epithelial cells, finally leading to enhancement of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis.}, keywords = {NNK,retinoic acid receptor β,DNA methyltransferase 1,Esophageal SCC}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26456.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26456_87708519dfe37cfedacf7034db801b34.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Who are the Breast Cancer Survivors in Malaysia?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2213-2218}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Worldwide, breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer death in women. However, thesurvival rate varies across regions at averages of 73%and 57% in the developed and developing countries,respectively. Objective: This study aimed to determine the survival rate of breast cancer among the women ofMalaysia and characteristics of the survivors. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on secondarydata obtained from the Breast Cancer Registry and medical records of breast cancer patients admitted toHospital Kuala Lumpur from 2005 to 2009. Survival data were validated with National Birth and Death Registry.Statistical analysis applied logistic regression, the Cox proportional hazard model, the Kaplan-Meier methodand log rank test. Results: A total of 868 women were diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2005 andDecember 2009, comprising 58%, 25% and 17% Malays, Chinese and Indians, respectively. The overall survivalrate was 43.5% (CI 0.573-0.597), with Chinese, Indians and Malays having 5 year survival rates of 48.2% (CI0.444-0.520), 47.2% (CI 0.432-0.512) and 39.7% (CI 0.373-0.421), respectively (p<0.05). The survival rate waslower as the stages increased, with the late stages were mostly seen among the Malays (46%), followed by Chinese(36%) and Indians (34%). Size of tumor>3.0cm; lymph node involvement, ERPR, and HER 2 status, delayedpresentation and involvement of both breasts were among other factors that were associated with poor survival.Conclusions: The overall survival rate of Malaysian women with breast cancer was lower than the westernfigures with Malays having the lowest because they presented at late stage, after a long duration of symptoms,had larger tumor size, and had more lymph nodes affected. There is an urgent need to conduct studies on whythere is delay in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer women in Malaysia.}, keywords = {breast cancer,survival,ethnic group,delayed diagnosis,treatment,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26457.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26457_60b1e31c5ec863d6e21fa5819867b761.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Elevated Circulating CD19+ Lymphocytes Predict Survival Advantage in Patients with Gastric Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2219-2224}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Circulating lymphocyte subsets reflect the immunological status and might therefore be aprognostic indicator in cancer patients. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical significance of circulating lymphocytesubset in gastric cancer (GC) cases. Methods: A retrospective study on a prevalent cohort of 846 GC patientshospitalized at Hospital from Aug 2006 to Jul 2010 was conducted. We calculated the patient’s disease freesurvival (DFS) after first hospital admission, and hazard ratios (HR) from the Cox proportional hazards model.Results: Our findings indicated a significantly decreased percentage of CD3+, and CD8+ cells, a significantlyincreased proportion of CD4+, CD19+, CD44+, CD25+, NK cells, and an increased CD4+/CD8+ ratio in GC patientsas compared with healthy controls (all P < 0.05). Alteration of lymphocyte subsets was positively correlated withsex, age, smoking, tumor stage and distant metastasis of GC patients (all P<0.05). Follow-up analysis indicatedsignificantly higher DFS for patients with high circulating CD19+ lymphocytes compared to those with lowCD19+ lymphocytes (P=0.037), with CD19+ showing an important cutoff of 7.91±2.98% Conclusion: Circulatinglymphocyte subsets in GC patients are significantly changed, and elevated CD19+ cells may predict a favorablesurvival.}, keywords = {gastric carcinoma,Flow Cytometry,Lymphocyte Subsets,Immune function,DFS}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26458.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26458_31e333746f3f0cd1b815a9cbfcfab5a7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Ifosfamide and Doxorubicin Combination Chemotherapy for Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2225-2228}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: We assessed the efficacy and toxicity of ifosfamide and doxorubicin combination chemotherapy(CT) regimen retrospectively in Turkish patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: A total of thirty patients who had receivedcisplatin based chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy as a primary treatment received ifosfamide 2500 mg/m2 days1-3, mesna 2500 mg/m2 days 1-3, doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 day 1 (IMA), repeated every 21 days. Eligible patientshad ECOG PS< 2, measurable recurrent or metastatic disease, with adequate renal, hepatic and hematologicfunctions. Results: Median age was 47 (min-max; 17-60). Twenty six (86.7 %) were male. Median cycles ofchemotherapy for each patient were 2 (range:1-6). Twenty patients were evaluable for toxicity and response. Nopatient achieved complete response, with nine partial responses for a response rate of 30.0% in evaluable patients.Stable disease, and disease progression were observed in five (16.7%) and six (20.0%) patients, respectively.Clinical benefit was 46.7%. Median time to progression was 4.0 months. Six patients had neutropenic fever afterIMA regimen and there were one treatment-related death due to tumor lysis syndrome in first cycle of the CT.No cardiotoxicity was observed after CT and treatments were generally well tolerated. Conclusion: Ifosfomideand doxorubicin combination is an effective regimen for patients with recurrent and metastatic NPC. For NPCpatients demonstrating failure of cisplatin based regimens, this CT combination may be considered as salvagetherapy.}, keywords = {Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,ifosfamide,doxorubicin,Chemotherapy,recurrent}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26227.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26227_406fea386ed859e2c06ff25a6ac021bf.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {A Novel Molecular Grading Model: Combination of Ki67 and VEGF in Predicting Tumor Recurrence and Progression in Non-invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2229-2234}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: To assess efficacy of Ki67 combined with VEGF as a molecular grading model to predict outcomeswith non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Materials: 72 NMIBC patients who underwent transurethralresection (TUR) followed by routine intravesical instillations were retrospectively analyzed in this study.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to confirm the prognostic values of the Ki67 labeling index(LI) and VEGF scoring for tumor recurrence and progression. Results: The novel molecular grading modelfor NMIBC contained three molecular grades including mG1 (Ki67 LI≤25%, VEGF scoring≤8), mG2 (Ki67LI>25%, VEGF scoring ≤ 8; or Ki67 LI ≤ 25%, VEGF scoring > 8), and mG3 (Ki67 LI > 25%, VEGF scoring> 8), which can indicate favorable, intermediate and poor prognosis, respectively. Conclusions: The describednovel molecular grading model utilizing Ki67 LI and VEGF scoring is helpful to effectively and accuratelypredict outcomes and optimize personal therapy.}, keywords = {CKi67,VEGF,Recurrence,progression,non-muscle invasive bladder cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26228.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26228_f7a125fc0d2651fe87987ee937db05d6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {c-Src Antisense Complexed with PAMAM Denderimes Decreases of c-Src Expression and EGFR-Dependent Downstream Genes in the Human HT-29 Colon Cancer Cell Line}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2235-2240}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {c-Src is one member of non-receptor tyrosine kinase protein family that has over expression and activationin many human cancer cells. It has been shown that c-Src is implicated in various downstream signalingpathways associated with EGFR-dependent signaling such as MAPK and STAT5 pathways. Transactivation ofEGFR by c-Src is more effective than EGFR ligands. To inhibit the c-Src expression, we used c-Src antisenseoligonucleotide complexed with PAMAM Denderimes. The effect of c-Src antisense oligonucleotide on HT29cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. Then, the expression of c-Src, EGFR and the genes related toEGFR-depended signaling with P53 was applied by real time PCR. We used western blot analysis to elucidate theeffect of antisense on the level of c-Src protein expression. The results showed, c-Src antisense complexed withPAMAM denderimers has an effective role in decrease of c-Src expression and EGFR-dependent downstreamgenes.}, keywords = {c-Src,antisense,PAMAM_Dendrimer,human colon cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26229.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26229_9e92565f4600f27e21e1ffe68d0788bb.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {What Made Her Give Up Her Breasts: a Qualitative Study on Decisional Considerations for Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy among Breast Cancer Survivors Undergoing BRCA1/2 Genetic Testing}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2241-2247}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: This qualitative study retrospectively examined the experience and psychological impact ofcontralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) among Southern Chinese females with unilateral breast cancerhistory who underwent BRCA1/2 genetic testing. Limited knowledge is available on this topic especially amongAsians; therefore, the aim of this study was to acquire insight from Chinese females’ subjective perspectives.Methods: A total of 12 semi-structured in-depth interviews, with 11 female BRCA1/BRCA 2 mutated gene carriersand 1 non-carrier with a history of one-sided breast cancer and genetic testing performed by the Hong KongHereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, who subsequently underwent CPM, were assessed using thematicanalysis and a Stage Conceptual Model. Breast cancer history, procedures conducted, cosmetic satisfaction, pain,body image and sexuality issues, and cancer risk perception were discussed. Retrieval of medical records using aprospective database was also performed. Results: All participants opted for prophylaxis due to their reservationsconcerning the efficacy of surveillance and worries of recurrent breast cancer risk. Most participants were satisfiedwith the overall results and their decision. One-fourth expressed different extents of regrets. Psychological reliefand decreased breast cancer risk were stated as major benefits. Spouses’ reactions and support were crucial forpost-surgery sexual satisfaction and long-term adjustment. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that thorougheducation on cancer risk and realistic expectations of surgery outcomes are crucial for positive adjustment afterCPM. Appropriate genetic counseling and pre-and post-surgery psychological counseling were necessary. Thisstudy adds valuable contextual insights into the experiences of living with breast cancer fear and the importanceof involving spouses when counseling these patients.}, keywords = {Breast and ovarian cancer,qualitative,prophylactic mastectomy,BRCA1 and BRCA2,genetic testing}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26459.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26459_7ad9e252007050a6dce9581a64c33754.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {MTHFR Polymorphisms and Pancreatic Cancer Risk:Lack of Evidence from a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2249-2252}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms have been reported tobe associated with pancreatic cancer, but the published studies had yielded inconsistent results.We thereforeperformed the present meta-analysis. Methods: A search of Google scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library andCNKI databases before April 2012 was conducted to summarize associations of MTHFR polymorphisms withpancreatic cancer risk. Assessment was with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publicationbias were also calculated. Results: Four relative studies on MTHFR gene polymorphisms (C667T and A1298C)were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, C667T(TT vs. CC : OR = 1.61, 95%CI = 0.78 - 3.34; TT vs. CT :OR = 1.41, 95%CI = 0.88-2.25; dominant model: OR = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.40-1.17; recessive model: OR = 0.82,95%CI = 0.52-1.30) and A1298C(CC vs. AA:OR=1.01, 95%CI=0.47-2.17; CC vs. AC: OR=0.99,95%CI=0.46-2.14;dominant model: OR=1.01, 95%CI = 0.47-2.20; recessive model: OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.80-1.26) did not increasepancreatic cancer risk. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicated that MTHFR polymorphisms (C667T andA1298C) were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk.}, keywords = {Pancreatic cancer,MTHFR,gene polymorphism,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26460.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26460_fb65ff7e6a04e7e319311c115d74489a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Serum Amyloid A as an Independent Prognostic Factor for Renal Cell Carcinoma - A Hospital Based Study from the Western Region of Nepal}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2253-2255}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The objective of our present study was to assess the role of serum amyloid A (SAA) in stages andprognosis of renal cell carcinoma. Material and Methods: It was a hospital based retrospective study carriedout in the Department of Medicine and Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between1st January 2008 and 31st December 2011. The variables collected were SAA, CRP. Approval for the study wasobtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Quantitative analysis of human SAA and C-reactiveprotein (CRP) was performed by radial immune diffusion (RID) assay for all cases. Results: Of the 422 total casesof renal cell carcinoma, 218 patients had normal and 204 abnormal SAA. SAA levels were grossly elevated in T3stage (122.3 ± SD35.7) when compared to the mean for the T2 stage (84.2 ± SD24.4) (p value: 0.0001). Similarly,SAA levels were grossly elevated in M1 stage (190.0 ± SD12.7) when compared to the M0 stage (160.9±SD24.8)(p: 0.0001). There was no significant association with elevated CRP levels (209.1 ± SD22.7, normal 199.0 ±SD19.5) . Conclusion: The validity of SAA in serum as being of independent prognostic significance in RCC wasdemonstrated with higher levels in advanced stage disease.}, keywords = {Serum amyloid A,renal cell carcinoma,Prognostic factor,Nepal}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26461.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26461_2f68800575d89be83e5c9ae2a33987bd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effects of Pinocembrin on the Initiation and Promotion Stages of Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2257-2261}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Pinocembrin (5, 7-dihydroxyflavanone) is a flavanone extracted from the rhizome of Boesenbergia pandurata.Our previous studies demonstrated that pinocembrin had no toxicity or mutagenicity in rats. We here evaluatedits effects on the initiation and promotion stages in diethylnitrosamine-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis, usingshort- and medium-term carcinogenicity tests. Micronucleated hepatocytes and liver glutathione-S-transferaseplacental form foci were used as end point markers. Pinocembrin was neither mutagenic nor carcinogenic inrat liver, and neither inhibited nor prevented micronucleus formation as well as GST-P positive foci formationinduced by diethylnitrosamine. Interestingly, pinocembrin slightly increased the number of GST-P positive fociwhen given prior to diethylnitrosamine injection.}, keywords = {Boesenbergia pandurata,cancer chemoprevention,diethylnitrosamine,liver micronucleus test}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26462.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26462_3026d82eeef83d15b7a194a41b4c1873.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {miR-181b as a Potential Molecular Target for Anticancer Therapy of Gastric Neoplasms}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2263-2267}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in carcinogenesis. The aim of the present study wasto explore the effects of miR-181b on gastric cancer. Methods: The expression level of miR-181b was quantifiedby qRT-PCR. MTT, flow cytometry and matrigel invasion assays were used to test proliferation, apoptosis andinvasion of miR-181b stable transfected gastric cancer cells. Results: miR-181b was aberrantly overexpressed ingastric cancer cells and primary gastric cancer tissues. Further experiments demonstrated inducible expression ofmiR-181b by Helicobacter pylori treatment. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion in the gastric cancer cellswere significantly increased after miR-181b transfection and apoptotic cells were also increased. Furthermore,overexpression of miR-181b downregulated the protein level of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3).Conclusion: The upregulation of miR-181b may play an important role in the progress of gastric cancer andmiR-181b maybe a potential molecular target for anticancer therapeutics of gastric cancer.}, keywords = {miR-181b,Gastric cancer,TIMP3,anticancer therapeutics}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26463.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26463_946049a878b9b3ffb78b0c6ec326f2a5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Health-promoting Lifestyle Behaviour for Cancer Prevention: a Survey of Turkish University Students}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2269-2277}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Health risks associated with unhealthy behaviours in adolescent and university studentscontribute to the development of health problems in later life. During the past twenty years, there has been adramatic increase in public, private, and professional interest in preventing disability and death through changesin lifestyle and participation in screening programs. The aim of the study was to evaluate university students’health-promoting lifestyle behaviour for cancer prevention. Method: This study was carried out on universitystudents who had education in sports, health and social areas in Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. Thehealth-promoting lifestyles of university students were measured with the ‘‘health-promoting lifestyle profile(HPLP)’’ The survey was conducted from March 2011 to July 2011 and the study sample consisted of 1007university students. T-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analyses were used for statistical analyses. Results:In the univariate analyses, the overall HPLP score was significantly related to students’ school, sex, age, schoolgrades, their status of received health education lessons, place of birth, longest place of residence, current placeof residence, health insurance, family income, alcohol use, their status in sports, and self-perceived health status.Healthier behaviour was found in those students whose parents had higher secondary degrees, and in studentswho had no siblings. In the multiple regression model, healthier behaviour was observed in Physical Educationand Sports students, fourth-year students, those who exercised regularly, had a good self-perceived health status,who lived with their family, and who had received health education lessons. Conclusion: In general, in order toensure cancer prevention and a healthy life style, social, cultural and sportive activities should be encouragedand educational programmes supporting these goals should be designed and applied in all stages of life fromchildhood through adulthood.}, keywords = {University Students,health promoting lifestyle profile,health behaviours,adolescents,Health promotion}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26464.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26464_3812cb0b2a9275528b3ffe1ee9c6a3fd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Malaysian Medical and Pharmacy Students Towards Human Papillomavirus Vaccination}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2279-2283}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections andoncogenic HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer. However, HPV vaccination is already available as theprimary preventive method against cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the level ofknowledge, attitude and practice of HPV vaccination among Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) andUniversiti Malaya (UM) students. This study was conducted from March until August 2009. Pre-tested andvalidated questionnaires were filled by the third year UKM (n=156) and UM (n=149) students from medical,dentistry and pharmacy faculties. The results showed that the overall level of knowledge on HPV infection, cervicalcancer and its prevention among respondents was high and the majority of them had positive attitude towardsHPV vaccination. Medical students had the highest level of knowledge (p<0.05). Very few students (3.6%) hadalready taken the vaccine with no significant difference between the two Universities (p=0.399). In conclusion,the knowledge and attitude of the respondents were high and positive, respectively. Only few students took HPVvaccination. Thus, more awareness campaigns and HPV vaccination services should be provided at universities’campuses with the price of the HPV vaccine reduced for the students.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,Students,Knowledge,Attitude,HPV vaccines}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26465.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26465_183b52ee5c6e943d3b5c9d698b58456a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 1 Predicts Relapse in Iranian Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2285-2289}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a main cause of failure in the chemotherapeutic treatment of malignantdisorders. One of the well-known genes responsible for drug resistance encodes the multidrug resistanceassociatedprotein (MRP1). The association of MRP1 with clinical drug resistance has not systematically beeninvestigated in Iranian pediatric leukemia patients. We therefore applied real-time RT-PCR technology to studythe association between the MRP1 gene and MDR phenotype in Iranian pediatric leukemia patients. We foundthat overexpression of MRP1 occurred in most Iranian pediatric leukemia patients at relapse. However, norelation between MRP1 mRNA levels and other clinical characteristics, including cytogenetic subgroups andFAB subtypes, was found.}, keywords = {MDR,multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) gene,Leukemia,Real-Time RT-PCR}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26466.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26466_6b03536746510f47328eec01734b5d98.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of Dietary and Life-Style Habits of Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Turkey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2291-2297}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Gastric cancer is an important public health problem in the world and Turkey. In addition toHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori), smoking, alcohol consumption and family history, certain dietary factors havebeen associated with its occurrence. The impact of dietary habits and life-style factors on the risk of gastriccancer in Turkey were evaluated in this study. Design: A questionnaire was applied to 106 patients with gastricadenocarcinoma and 106 controls without cancer matched for age (range 28-85 years) and gender selected froma hospital based population. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated withlogistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence of H. pylori was 81.3% in patients. Frequent consumption ofsalty dishes, very salty foods like pickles, soup mixes, sausages, foods at hot temperature (ORs = 3.686, 7.784,5.264, 3.148 and 3.273 respectively) and adding salt without tasting (OR = 4.198) were associated with increasedgastric risk. Also heavy smoking and high amount of alcohol consumption (p = 0.000) were risk factors. Frequentconsumption of green vegetables, onion, garlic and dried fruits (ORs = 0.569, 0.092, 0.795 and 0.041) was nonsignificantlyassociated with decreased risk. Conclusion: Improved dietary habits, reducing salt consumptionand eradication of H. pylori infection may provide protection against gastric cancer in Turkey.}, keywords = {dietary habits,Helicobacter pylori,Gastric cancer,salt,salty foods,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26467.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26467_75fb674f77aa464360f3328df92ae988.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Detection of Human Papillomavirus in Normal Oral Cavity in a Group of Pakistani Subjects using Real-Time PCR}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2299-2304}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Since there is evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) may play some role in oral carcinogenesis, weinvestigated the presence of HPV in a group of Pakistani subjects with normal oral cavity using real-time PCRanalysis. Two-hundred patients attending the Dental Department, Sandaman Provincial Hospital, Balochistan,Pakistan, were recruited. After interview, oral epithelial cells were collected by scraping and subjected to DNAextraction. The HPV-positive DNA samples were further analyzed using primer sets specific for HPV-16 and-18. It was found that out of 200 DNA samples, 192 were PCR-positive for the β-globin gene and these weresubsequently examined for the presence of HPV DNA. Among these, 47 (24.5%) were HPV-positive with thevirus copy number ranged between 0.43-32 copies per 1 μg of total DNA (9-99 copies per PCR reaction). Therewere 4 and 11 samples containing HPV-16 and -18, respectively. Additionally, one sample harbored both typesof HPV. Among the investigated clinical parameters, smoking habit was associated with the presence of HPV (p= 0.001) while others indicated no significant association. The prevalence of HPV in normal oral cavity in ourPakistani subjects appears to be comparable to other studies. However, the association between the presence ofHPV and smoking warrants further investigations whether both of these factors can cooperate in inducing oralcancer in this group of patients.}, keywords = {Human papilllomavirus,oral epithelial cell,normal oral cavity,Real-Time PCR,Pakistani}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26468.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26468_fc32a3a0cdd01052c82dbf25bca8531e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Antiproliferative Effects of Crocin in HepG2 Cells by Telomerase Inhibition and hTERT Down-Regulation}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2305-2309}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Crocin, the main pigment of Crocus sativus L., has been shown to have antiproliferative effects on cancercells, but the involved mechanisms are only poor understood. This study focused on probable effect of crocin onthe immortality of hepatic cancer cells. Cytotoxicity of crocin (IC50 3 mg/ml) in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cellswas determined after 48 h by neutral red uptake assay and MTT test. Immortality was investigated throughquantification of relative telomerase activity with a quantitative real-time PCR-based telomerase repeatamplification protocol (qTRAP). Telomerase activity in 0.5 μg protein extract of HepG2 cells treated with 3mg/ml crocin was reduced to about 51% as compared to untreated control cells. Two mechanisms of inhibition,i.e. interaction of crocin with telomeric quadruplex sequences and down regulation of hTERT expression, wereexamined using FRET analysis to measure melting temperature of a synthetic telomeric oligonucleotide in thepresence of crocin and quantitative real-time RT-PCR, respectively. No significant changes were observed in theTm telomeric oligonucleotides, while the relative expression level of the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT)gene showed a 60% decrease as compared to untreated control cells. In conclusion, telomerase activity of HepG2cells decreases after treatment with crocin, which is probably caused by down-regulation of the expression ofthe catalytic subunit of the enzyme.}, keywords = {Crocin,Telomerase,hTERT,hepatocarcinoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26469.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26469_5bc2e6bfb1e13d8900a07c83c9af1677.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association between Polymorphisms in UDPglucuronosyltransferase 1A6 and 1A7 and Colorectal Cancer Risk}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2311-2314}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Genetic polymorphisms of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases 1A6 (UGT1A6) and 1A7 (UGT1A7)may lead to genetic instability and colorectal cancer carcinogenesis. Our objective was to measure the interactionbetween polymorphisms of these repair genes and tobacco smoking in colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 68individuals with CRC and 112 non-cancer controls were divided into non-smoker and smoker groups accordingto pack-years of smoking. Genetic polymorphisms of UGT1A6 and UGT1A7 were examined using polymerasechain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). We found a weak association ofUGT1A6 polymorphisms with CRC risk (crude odds ratio [OR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.9-3.1,P=0.107; adjusted OR 1.95, 95%CI 1.0-3.8, P=0.051). The ORs for the UGT1A7 polymorphisms were statisticallysignificant (crude OR: 26.40, 95%CI: 3.5-198.4, P=0.001; adjusted OR: 21.52, 95%CI: 2.8-164.1, P=0.003). Thejoint effect of tobacco exposure and UGT1A6 polymorphisms was significantly associated with colorectal cancerrisk in non-smokers (crude OR, 2.11; 95%CI, 0.9-5.0, P=0.092; adjusted OR 2.63, 95%CI 1.0-6.7, P=0.042). Inconclusion, our findings suggest that UGT1A6 and UGT1A7 gene polymorphisms are associated with CRC riskin the Japanese population. In particular, UGT1A6 polymorphisms may strongly increase CRC risk throughthe formation of carcinogens not associated with smoking.}, keywords = {gene polymorphisms,Colorectal cancer (CRC),UGT1A6,UGT1A7}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26470.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26470_62beae76857da45249acd9c28733a30e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Use of Smoke-less Tobacco Amongst the Staff of Tertiary Care Hospitals in the Largest City of Pakistan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2315-2317}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Use of smoke-less tobacco (SLT) is very common in South and South-East Asian countries. It issignificantly associated with various types of cancers. The objectives of this study were to assess the proportionof hospital staff that use SLT, and to identify the factors associated with its use and their practices. Methods: Ina cross-sectional study, 560 staff of two tertiary care hospitals were interviewed in the year 2009. Nurses, wardboys and technicians were counted as a paramedic staff while drivers, peons, security guards and housekeepingstaff were labeled as non-paramedic staff. SLT use was considered as usage of any of the following: betel quid(paan) with or without tobacco, betel nuts with or without tobacco (gutkha) and snuff (naswar). Results: Abouthalf (48.6%) of the hospital staff were using at least one type of SLT. Factors found to be statistically significantwith SLT were being a male (OR=2.5; 95% CI=1.8-3.7); having no/fewer years of education (OR=1.7; 95%CI=1.2-2.4) and working as non-paramedic staff (OR=2.6; 95% CI=1.8-3.8). Majority of SLT users were usingit on regular basis, for > 5 years and keeping the tobacco products in the oral cavity for >30 minutes. About halfof the users started due to peer pressure and had tried to quit this habit but failed. Conclusion: In this study,about half of the study participants were using SLT in different forms. We suggest educational and behavioralinterventions for control of SLT usage.}, keywords = {smokeless tobacco,Hospital staff,Pakistan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26230.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26230_62ec87aeaafbbb3e312a88c2af50f0da.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression and Clinical Significance of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Related Components in Colorectal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2319-2324}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: To investigate the expression of three components of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway (SHH,SMO and GLI1) in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and evaluate their association with clinicopathologiccharacteristics of the patients. Methods: Fresh tumor tissues and matched tissues adjacent to the tumor werecollected from 43 CRC patients undergoing surgery. Normal colorectal tissues from 20 non-CRC cases werealso sampled as normal controls. The expression of SHH, SMO, GLI1 mRNAs was assessed by RT-PCR andproteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Associations with clinicopathological characteristicsof patients were analyzed. Results: SHH mRNA was expressed more frequently in tumor tissues than in normaltissues, but the difference did not reach significance in comparison to that in the adjacent tissues. SMO and GLI1mRNAs were expressed more frequently in tumor tissues than in both adjacent andnormal tissues. The expressionintensities of SHH, SMO, GLI1 mRNA in tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissuesand normal tissues. Proteins were also detected more frequently in tumors than other tissues. No significantlinks were apparent with gender, age, location, degree of infiltration or Dukes stage. Conclusion: Positive ratesand intensities of mRNA and protein expression of Hh signaling pathway related genes SHH, SMO, GLI1 werefound to be significantly increased in CRC tissues. However, over-expression did not appear to be associatedwith particular clinicopathological characteristics.}, keywords = {Gene,hedgehog signaling pathway,colorectal cancer,clinicopathological variables}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26231.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26231_b1184d551f8bc960eae5223f62be3531.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effects of the Cyclin D1 Polymorphism on Lung Cancer Risk - a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2325-2328}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Cyclin D1 (CCND1) is critical in the transition of the cell cycle from G1 to S phases andunbalanced cell cycle regulation is a hallmark of carcinogenesis. A number of studies conducted to assess theassociation between CCND1 G870A polymorphism and susceptibility to lung cancer have yielded inconsistentand inconclusive results. In the present study, the possible association above was assessed by a meta-analysis.Methods: Eligible articles were identified for the period up to November 2011. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were appropriately derived from fixed effects or random-effects models.Sensitivity analysis excluding studies whose genotype frequencies in controls significantly deviated from theHardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was performed. Results: Ten case-control studies with a total of 10,548subjects were eligible. At the overall analysis the CCND1 870A allele appeared to be associated with elevatedlung cancer risk (for allele model, pooled OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.08-1.44, P = 0.004; for homozygous model,pooled OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.14-1.84, P = 0.003; for recessive model, pooled OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.06-1.58, P= 0.013; for dominant model, pooled OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.08-1.65, P = 0.009). Subgroup analyses by ethnicityand sensitivity analysis further pointed to associations, particularly in Asians. Conclusion: This meta-analysissuggests that the A allele of CCND1 G870A polymorphism confers additional lung cancer risk.}, keywords = {Lung cancer,CCND1,Meta-analysis,Polymorphism}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26232.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26232_baf51e70f3e8e5be77ae4b7ee0fd03b4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognostic Role of MicroRNA-21 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2329-2334}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Many studies have reported that microRNA-21 (miR-21) mihght predict the survival outcomein non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) but the opposite opinion has also been expressed. The aim of thisstudy was to summarize the evidence for a prognostic role of miR-21. Materials and Methods: All the eligiblestudies was searched by Medline and EMBASE and patients’ clinical characteristics and survival outcomewere extracted. Then a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the prognostic role of the miR-21 expression indifferent subgroups. Results: A total of 8 eligible articles were yielded covering survival outcomes or clinicalcharacteristics. The combined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for overall survival(OS) was 2.19 [0.76, 6.30], while the combined HR (95% CI) of Asian group for OS had a significant result, 5.49[2.46, 12.27]. The combined HR (95% CI) for recurrence free survival or disease free survival (RFS/DFS) was2.31 [1.52, 3.49]. Odds ratios (ORs) showed that the miR-21 expression was associated with lymph node statusand histological type. Conclusion: miR-21 expression could predict the prognostic outcome of NSCLC in Asians,despite some deficiencies in the study data.}, keywords = {MicroRNA-21,Lung cancer,Prognosis,survival outcome,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26471.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26471_2434a992e0b1dd76be58849fedae5ad8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Metabolic Changes Enhance the Cardiovascular Risk with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma - A Case Control Study from Manipal Teaching Hospital of Nepal}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2335-2338}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate several metabolic changes in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC )which enhance cardiovascular risk in the western region of Nepal. Materials and Methods: This hospital basedcase control study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department ofBiochemistry of the Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between 1st January, 2009 and 31st December,2011. The variables collected were age, gender, BMI, glucose, insulin, HbA1C, CRP, fibrinogen, total cholesterol,triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL, f-T3, f-T4, TSH. One way ANOVA was used to examine statistical significanceof differences between groups, along with the Post Hoc test LSD for comparison of means. Results: fT3 valueswere markedly raised in DTC cases (5.7±SD1.4) when compared to controls (2.2±SD0.9). Similarly, fT4 valueswere also moderately raised in cases of DTC (4.9±SD1.3 and 1.7 ±SD0.9). In contrast, TSH values were loweredin DTC cases (0.39±SD0.4) when compared to controls (4.2 ±SD 1.4). Mean blood glucose levels were decreasedwhile insulin was increased and HDL reduced (39.5±SD4.7 as compared to the control 43.1±SD2.2). Conclusion:Cardiovascular risk may be aggravated by insulin resistance, a hypercoagulable state, and an atherogenic lipidprofile in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.}, keywords = {cardiovascular risk,Differentiated thyroid carcinoma,Nepal}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26472.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26472_ef4c6965e59f3d69446ecaf3b6948bc4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Comparative Study on the Value of Anal Preserving Surgery for Aged People with Low Rectal Carcinoma in Jiangsu, China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2339-2340}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To compare the efficacy of anal preserving surgery for aged people with low rectal carcinoma.Methods: Clinical data for a consecutive cohort of 98 rectal cancer patients with distal tumors located within3cm -7cm of the anal verge were collected. Among these, 42 received anal preserving surgery (35 with Dixon,3 with Parks and 4 with transanal operations). The local recurrence and survival rates in the above operationswere compared with those of the Miles operation in another 56 patients with rectal cancer. Results: The localrecurrence and 3-, 5-year survival rates of anal preserving surgery were 16.7%, 64.3% and 52.4%, those of Milesoperations were 16.1%, 67.9% and 51.8% respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion: Anal preserving surgery for agedpeople with low rectal cancer is not inferior to conventional operations in China, with satisfactory long termsurvival and comparable local recurrence rates.}, keywords = {rectal cancer,Surgery,anal preserving surgery,aged Chinese patients}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26473.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26473_2a13d4758fd68b61a897dc238ae87290.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Epidemiological Evaluation of Breast Cancer in Ecological areas of Kazakhstan - Association with Pollution Emissions}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2341-2344}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The aim of the research was to evaluate the incidence of breast cancer in the ecological areas of Kazakhstanand assess the potential . A retrospective study of 11 years (1999 to 2009) was conducted using descriptive andanalytical methods. The incidence of breast cancer was the lowest in the Aral-Syr Darya area (18.6±0.80/100,000),and highest in the Irtysh area (48.9±1.90/100,000), with an increasing trends over time in almost all areas. A directstrong correlation between the degree of contamination with high pollution emissions in the atmosphere fromstationary sources and the incidence of breast cancer (r=0.77±0.15; р=0.026). The results indicate an increasingimportance of breast cancer in Kazakhstan and an etiological role for environmental pollution.}, keywords = {breast cancer,incidence data,time trends,geographical variation,Pollution,Kazakhstan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26474.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26474_d2448632d8a80681f6056b291e18b95d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Epidemiological Aspects of Morbidity and Mortality from Cervical Cancer in Kazakhstan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2345-2348}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Epidemiological studies of cancer incidence in Kazakhstan have revealed an uneven distribution for cervicalcancer. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated for different regions of the republic, including the twomajor cities of Almaty and Astana, in 1999-2008. Defined levels for cartograms for incidence were low (up to12.8/100,000), medium (12.8 to 15.9) and high (above 15.9) and for mortality were up to 7.1, 7.1 to 10.8 andmore than 10.8, respectively. Basically high incidence rates were identified in the eastern, central and northernparts of the country and in Almaty. Such differences in cervical cancer data, and also variation in mortality/incidence ratios, from a low of 0.4 in Almaty to a high of 0.71 in Zhambyl, point to variation in demographicand medical features which impact on risk and prognistic factors for cervical cancer in the country. Furtherresearch is necessary to highlight areas for emphasis in cancer control programs for this important cancer.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,time trends,geographical variation,Kazakhstan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26475.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26475_81104d94d679154a8da8f761bbce407b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {P53 Arg72Pro Polymorphism and Bladder Cancer Risk - Metaanalysis Evidence for a Link in Asians but not Caucasians}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2349-2354}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Individual studies of the associations between P53 codon 72 polymorphism (rs1042522) and bladdercancer susceptibility have shown inconclusive results. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship,we performed this systemic review and meta-analysis based on 15 publications. Methods: We used odds ratios(ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. Results: We found that therewas no association between P53 codon 72 polymorphism and bladder cancer risk in the comparisons of Pro/Pro vs Arg/Arg; Pro/Arg vs. Arg/Arg; Pro/Pro plus Pro/Arg vs. Arg/Arg; Arg/Arg vs. Pro/Arg plus Arg/Arg(OR=1.06 95%CI 0.81-1.39; OR=1.06 95%CI 0.83-1.36; OR=0.98 95%CI 0.78-1.23; OR=1.06 95%CI 0.84-1.32).However, a significantly increased risk of bladder cancer was found among Asians in the homozygote comparison(Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg, OR=1.36 95%CI 1.05-1.75, P=0.790 for heterogeneity) and the dominant model (Arg/Proplus Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg, OR=1.26 95%CI 1.05-1.52, P=0.564 for heterogeneity). In contrast, no evidence of anassociation between bladder cancer risk and P53 genotype was observed among Caucasian population in anygenetic model. When stratifying for the stage of bladder, no statistical association were found (Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg, OR=0.45 95%CI 0.17-1.21; Pro/Arg vs. Arg/Arg, OR=0.60 95%CI 0.28-1.27; Dominant model, OR=0.5695%CI 0.26-1.20; Recessive model, OR=0.62 95%CI0.35-1.08) between P53 codon 72 polymorphism and bladdercancer in all comparisons. Conclusions: Despite the limitations, the results of the present meta-analysis suggestthat, in the P53 codon 72, Pro/Pro type and dominant mode might increase the susceptibility to bladder cancerin Asians; and there are no association between genotype distribution and the stage of bladder cancer.}, keywords = {p53 codon 72,bladder carcinoma,Meta-analysis,Polymorphism,Susceptibility}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26476.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26476_bb50ee704b04037ca23ca25fa75432f0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinical Significance of SH2B1 Adaptor Protein Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2355-2362}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The SH2B1 adaptor protein is recruited to multiple ligand-activated receptor tyrosine kinases that playimportant role in the physiologic and pathologic features of many cancers. The purpose of this study was toassess SH2B1 expression and to explore its contribution to the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods:SH2B1 expression in 114 primary NSCLC tissue specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry andcorrelated with clinicopathological parameters and patients’ outcome. Additionally, 15 paired NSCLCbackground tissues, 5 NSCLC cell lines and a normal HBE cell line were evaluated for SH2B1 expression byRT-PCR and immunoblotting, immunofluorescence being applied for the cell lines. Results: SH2B1 was foundto be overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cell lines. More importantly, high SH2B1 expression wassignificantly associated with tumor grade, tumor size, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and recurrencerespectively. Survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high SH2B1 expression had both poorer diseasefreesurvival and overall survival than other patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that SH2B1overexpression was an independent prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC. Conclusions: Our findingssuggest that the SH2B1 protein may contribute to the malignant progression of NSCLC and could offer a novelprognostic indicator for patients with NSCLC.}, keywords = {SH2B1,non-small cell lung cancer,Metastasis,Prognosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26477.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26477_d085ee9debe0777f63ad73d54ba82628.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association Between C1019T Polymorphism in the Connexin 37 Gene and Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Patients with Gastric Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2363-2367}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate the association between the connexin 37 C1019T polymorphism and Helicobacterpylori infection in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: 388 patients with gastric cancer (GC), 204 with chronicsuperficial gastritis (CSG) were studied. H. pylori was detected by gastric mucosal biopsies biopsy dyeing method.Connexin 37 gene polymorphism 1019 site genotypes were determined by gene sequencing technology. Genotypesand alleles frequencies were compared. Results: (1) Connexin37 gene 1019 site distribution frequency (CC type,TC type, TT type) in the CSG group was 18.1%, 45.1% and 36.8%; in the stomach cancer group it was 35.1%,45.9% and 19.%, conforming to the Hardy-Weinberg euilibrium. (2) In comparison with CSG group, thefrequency of Connexin37 C allele was higher in the gastric cancer group (58.0% vs 40.7%, OR = 2.01, 95%CI =1.58-2.57, P < 0.01). The prevalence of gastric cancer risk was significantly increased in the carriers of C allele(CC+TC) than in TT homozygote (OR = 2.47, 5%CI = 1.68- 3.610. (3) Gastric cancer patients complicated withHp infection 211 cases, gastric cancer group of the male patients with HP positive patients with 187 cases, 40cases of female patients with negative patients, 24 cases were HP positive, negative in 137 cases, control groupmale patients, 28 cases were Hp positive, negative in 95 patients, female patients with Hp positive 6 cases, 75cases were negative. On hierarchical analysis, the male group OR value was 15.9 (95%CI to 9.22-27.3), and thefemale OR was 2.19 (95%CI 0.88-5.59), indicating a greater contribution in males (P <0.01). After eliminationof gender effects, positive HP and gastric cancer were closely related (OR 8.82, 95% CI: 5.45-14.3). (4) Thedistribution frequency of C allele in patients with Hp infection was much higher than that in Hp negative casesin the GC group (64.5% vs 47.0%, OR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.54-2.74, P < 0.01). Compared with TT homozygotes,(CC+TC) genotype prevalence of gastric cancer risk increased significantly (OR = 2.96, 5%CI = 1.76-2.99 ).Conclusion: The T allele in the connexin37 gene might not only be associated with gastric cancer but also withH. pylori infection.}, keywords = {Stomach neoplasms,Helicobacter pylori,connexin 37 C1019T,Polymorphism,risk factor}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26478.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26478_fc62aa02e6566a2865588b1f9f834fe9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {A Multi-center Survey of HPV Knowledge and Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccination among Women, Government Officials, and Medical Personnel in China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2369-2378}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: To assess knowledge of HPV and attitudes towards HPV vaccination among the general femalepopulation, government officials, and healthcare providers in China to assist the development of an effectivenational HPV vaccination program. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiologic survey was conducted across 21urban and rural sites in China using a short questionnaire. 763 government officials, 760 healthcare providers,and 11,681 women aged 15-59 years were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using standarddescriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Knowledge of HPV among the general female populationwas low; only 24% had heard of HPV. Less than 20% of healthcare providers recognized sexually naïve womenas the most appropriate population for HPV vaccination. There was high acceptance of the HPV vaccine for allcategories of respondents. Only 6% of women were willing to pay more than US $300 for the vaccine. Conclusions:Aggressive education is necessary to increase knowledge of HPV and its vaccine. Further proof of vaccine safetyand efficacy and government subsidies combined with increased awareness could facilitate development andimplementation of HPV vaccination in China.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,China,human papillomavirus,HPV vaccine,Knowledge}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26479.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26479_81d72ca8256dc69eb3bed1f103e8809f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Mechanism of P-glycoprotein Expression in the SGC7901 Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Induced by Cyclooxygenase-2}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2379-2383}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate possible signal pathway involvement in multi-drug resistant P-glycoprotein (P-gp)expression induced by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line stimulated withpacliaxel (TAX). Methods: The effects of TAX on SGC7901 cell growth with different doses was assessed byMTT assay, along with the effects of the COX-2 selective inhibitor NS-398 and the nuclear factor-ΚB (NF-ΚB)pathway inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). Influence on COX-2, NF-ΚB p65 and P-gp expressionwas determined by Western blotting. Results: TAX, NS-398 and PDTC all reduced SGC7901 growth, with dosedependence.With increasing dose of TAX, the expression of COX-2, p65 and P-gp showed rising trends, thisbeing reversed by NS-398. PDTC also caused decrease in expression of p65 and P-gp over time. Conclusion:COX-2 may induce the expression of P-gp in SGC7901 cell line via the NF-kappa B pathway with pacliaxelstimulation.}, keywords = {COX-2,P-gp,NF-kappa B,Paclitaxel,gastric adenocarcinoma cell}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26480.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26480_e895329ba18a0ccc71fa444bcf74096d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {ER81-shRNA Inhibits Growth of Triple-negative Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231 In Vivo and in Vitro}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2385-2392}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The lack of effective treatment targets for triple-negative breast cancers make them unfitted for endocrineor HER2 targeted therapy, and their prognosis is poor. Transcription factor ER81, a downstream gene of theHER2, is highly expressed in breast cancer lines, breast atypical hyperplasia and primary breast cancers includingtriple-negative examples. However, whether and how ER81 affects breast cancer carcinogenesis have remainedelusive. We here assessed influence on a triple-negative cell line. ER81-shRNA was employed to silence ER81expression in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, and MTT, colony-forming assays, and flow cytometry were used to detectcell proliferation, colony-forming capability, cell cycle distribution, and cell apoptosis in vitro. MDA-MB-231cells stably transfected with ER81-shRNA were inoculated into nude mice, and growth inhibition of the cellswas observed in vivo. We found that ER81 mRNA and protein expression in MDA-MB-231 cells was noticeablyreduced by ER81-shRNA, and that cell proliferation and clonality were decreased significantly. ER81-shRNAfurther increased cell apoptosis and the residence time in G0/G1 phase, while delaying tumor-formation andgrowth rate in nude mice. It is concluded that ER81 may play an important role in the progression of breastcancer and may be a potentially valuable target for therapy, especially for triple negative breast cancer.}, keywords = {ER81,shRNA,breast cancer,Triple-negative,Gene Therapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26481.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26481_1d8fd6f9dac9569af6813d9660ce9ffb.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of the Geometric Accuracy of Anatomic Landmarks as Surrogates for Intrapulmonary Tumors in Image-guided Radiotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2393-2398}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the geometric accuracy of thoracic anatomic landmarksas target surrogates of intrapulmonary tumors for manual rigid registration during image-guided radiotherapy(IGRT). Methods: Kilovolt cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired during IGRT for 29 lungcancer patients with 33 tumors, including 16 central and 17 peripheral lesions, were analyzed. We selected the“vertebrae,” “carina,” and “large bronchi” as the candidate surrogates for central targets, and the “vertebrae,”“carina,” and “ribs” as the candidate surrogates for peripheral lesions. Three to six pairs of small identifiablemarkers were noted in the tumors for the planning CT and Day 1 CBCT. The accuracy of the candidate surrogateswas evaluated by comparing the distances of the corresponding markers after manual rigid matching basedon the “tumor” and a particular surrogate. Differences between the surrogates were assessed using 1-wayanalysis of variance and post hoc least-significant-difference tests. Results: For central targets, the residualerrors increased in the following ascending order: “tumor,” “bronchi,” “carina,” and “vertebrae;” there was asignificant difference between “tumor” and “vertebrae” (p = 0.010). For peripheral diseases, the residual errorsincreased in the following ascending order: “tumor,” “rib,” “vertebrae,” and “carina;” There was a significantdifference between “tumor” and “carina” (p = 0.005). Conclusions: The “bronchi” and “carina” are the optimalsurrogates for central lung targets, while “rib” and “vertebrae” are the optimal surrogates for peripheral lungtargets for manual matching of online and planned tumors.}, keywords = {Cone-beam CT,image-guided radiotherapy,Lung cancer,Image Registration,manual matching}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26482.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26482_16e5d621ac3ac18cc6348a21b429fcaf.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Comparison of Serum Tumor Associated Material (TAM) with Conventional Biomarkers in Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2399-2403}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To compare expression level of serum tumor associated materials (TAM) with several conventionalserum tumor biomarkers, eg., carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9),carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), in selected solid tumors. Methods: Patientsdiagnosed histologically or cytologically with liver, breast, esophageal, gastric, colorectal or pancreatic cancerswere enrolled into this study. After diagnosis, the level of TAM was determined by chemical colorimetry, andlevels of conventional tumor markers was measured by chemiluminescence methods. Results: A total of 560patients were enrolled into this study. No statistically significant difference was detected in TAM and the abovementioned tumor biomarkers in terms of their positivity and negativity ( P>0. 05). Conclusions: Detection of TAMin liver, breast, esophageal, gastric, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer patients demonstrates a good accordancewith CEA, CA199, CA153, and AFP, thus suggesting that further study is warranted to verify whether TAMcould be a surrogate for these conventional biomarkers.}, keywords = {Tumor asscociated material,TAM,Tumor marker,cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26483.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26483_a5284bd56def52719f542a4decbdb44c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Factors Affecting the Death Anxiety Levels of Relatives of Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2405-2408}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This descriptive study was performed to determine levels of the death anxiety levels of relatives of patientswho being treated in a public hospital located in the Asian side of Istanbul and influencing factors. The samplewas 106 patient relatives of patients from oncology or chemotherapy units of the hospital. Data were collectedbetween May-June 2011 with the 15-item Death Anxiety Scale developed by Templer (1970) and adapted toTurkish by Senol (1989) and evaluated by number-percentage calculations, the Kruskal Wallis, Anova and t tests.Some 36.8% of the included group were aged 45 years and over, 57.5% were female and 65.1% were married. Astatistically significant difference was found between the age groups, genders of the patient relatives, the periodof cancer treatment regarding the death anxiety levels (p<0.05). The death anxiety levels of the patient relativeswho were in the 17-39 age group, female and had a patient who was under treatment for less than 6 monthswere found to high as compared to others.}, keywords = {cancer,Oncology,Chemotherapy,patients’ relatives,Death anxiety}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26484.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26484_9df926b4940b749fbd071c8235baa886.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Inhibition of Tumor Growth in Vitro by a Combination of Extracts from Rosa Roxburghii Tratt and Fagopyrum Cymosum}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2409-2414}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Traditional Chinese herbal medicines have a very long history. Rosa roxburghii Tratt andFagopyrum cymosum are two examples of plants which are reputed to have benefits in improving immuneresponses, enhancing digestive ability and demonstrating anti-aging effects. Some evidence indicates that herbalmedicine soups containing extracts from the two in combination have efficacy in treating malignant tumors.However, the underlying mechanisms are far from well understood. The present study was therefore undertakento evaluate anticancer effects and explore molecular mechanisms in vitro. Methods: Proliferation and apoptosiswere assessed with three carcinoma cell lines (human esophageal squamous carcinoma CaEs-17, human gastriccarcinoma SGC-7901 and pulmonary carcinoma A549) by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively, afterexposure to extract from Rosa roxburghii Tratt (CL) and extract from Fagopyrum cymosum (FR). IC30 of CL andFR were obtained by MTT assay. Tumor cells were divided into four groups : control with no exposure to CLor FR; CL with IC30 CL; FR with IC30 FR; CL+FR group with 1/2 (IC30 CL + IC30 FR). RT-PCR and Westernblot analysis were used to detect the expression of Ki-67, Bax and Bcl-2 at mRNA and protein levels. Results:Compared with the CL or FR groups, the combination of CL+FR showed significant inhibition of cell growthand increase in apoptosis; the mRNA and protein expression levels of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 in CL+FR group wereall greatly decreased, while the expression of Bax was markedly increased. Conclusions: These results indicatethat the synergistic antitumor effects of combination of CL and FR are related to inhibition of proliferation andinduction of apoptosis.}, keywords = {Rosa roxburghii Tratt,Fagopyrum cymosum,Tumor,combination treatment,Proliferation,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26485.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26485_13d2440ccf67c413911fca3488ad925a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Phase II Study on Voriconazole for Treatment of Chinese Patients with Malignant Hematological Disorders and Invasive Aspergillosis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2415-2418}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of voriconazole in treating Chinese patients with hematologicalmalignancies and invasive aspergillosis. Methods: From March 2007 to April 2012, patients with diagnosesconfirmed by CT, GM test and/or PCR assays, were recruited into this study. Aspergillosis of all patients weretreated with voriconazole 6 mg/kg intravenous infusion (iv) every 12 h for 1 day, followed by 4 mg/kg IV every12 h for 10-15 days; Then, switch to oral administration that was 200mg every 12h for 4-12 weeks. Efficacy andsafety were evaluated according to Practice Guideline of Infectious Diseases Society of America. Results: Theoverall response rate of 38 patients after voriconazole treatment was 81.6%. The median time to pyretolysiswas 4.5 days. Treatment related side effects were mild and found in only 15.8% of cases. No treatment relateddeaths occurred. Conclusions: Voriconazole can considered to be a safe and effective front-line therapy to treatpatients with hematological malignancies and invasive aspergillosis. Alternatively it could be used as a remedialtreatment when other antifungal therapies are ineffective.}, keywords = {Hematological disorders,Aspergillus,voriconazole}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26486.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26486_c6ac8636a969c633259d96b65e0f3c67.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {A Model for Community Participation in Breast Cancer Prevention in Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2419-2423}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Context: Genuine community participation does not denote taking part in an action planned by healthcare professionals in a medical or top-down approach. Further, community participation and health educationon breast cancer prevention are not similar to other activities incorporated in primary health care services inIran. Objective: To propose a model that provides a methodological tool to increase women’s participation inthe decision making process towards breast cancer prevention. To address this, an evaluation framework wasdeveloped that includes a typology of community participation approaches (models) in health, as well as fivelevels of participation in health programs proposed by Rifkin (1985&1991). Method: This model explains thecommunity participation approaches in breast cancer prevention in Iran. In a ‘medical approach’, participationoccurs in the form of women’s adherence to mammography recommendations. As a ‘health services approach’,women get the benefits of a health project or participate in the available program activities related to breastcancer prevention. The model provides the five levels of participation in health programs along with the ‘healthservices approach’ and explains how to implement those levels for women’s participation in available breast cancerprevention programs at the local level. Conclusion: It is hoped that a focus on the ‘medical approach’ (top-down)and the ‘health services approach’ (top-down) will bring sustainable changes in breast cancer prevention andwill consequently produce the ‘community development approach’ (bottom-up). This could be achieved usinga comprehensive approach to breast cancer prevention by combining the individual and community strategiesin designing an intervention program for breast cancer prevention.}, keywords = {breast cancer,community participation approaches,Models,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26487.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26487_dd84cb921a519c245a0502be0bf0bbbb.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Ornithine Decarboxylase: A Promising and Exploratory Candidate Target for Natural Products in Cancer Chemoprevention}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {2425-2427}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the first enzyme in the polyamine biosynthesis, plays an important role intumor progression, cell proliferation and differentiation. In recent years, ODC has been the subject of intensestudy among researchers, as a target for anti-cancer therapy and specific inhibitory agents, have the potentialto suppress carcinogenesis and find applications in clinical therapy. In particular, it is suggested that ODC is apromising candidate target for natural products in cancer chemoprevention. Future exploration of ornithinedecarboxylase inhibitors present in nature may offer great hope for finding new cancer chemopreventive agents.}, keywords = {Ornithine decarboxylase,molecular target,Natural products,cancer chemoprevention}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26488.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26488_a484c5bd4969f93bff9a458d15564c6d.pdf} }