@article { author = {}, title = {Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Prognostic Factors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3009-3013}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The clinical course of individual chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is highly variable andclinical staging systems do not help us to predict if and at what rate there will be disease progression in anindividual patient diagnosed with early stage disease. Recently, several important observations related to otherprognostic factors including lymphocyte doubling time (LDT), ß2-microglobulin (ß2-MG), and percent of smudgecell in peripheral blood smears, cytogenetic and molecular analysis have been made. The aim of this study wasto evaluate a range of prognostic factors in our CLL patients. Design and methods: Seventy patients with CLLwere enrolled. Prognostic factors of disease including Binet staging, LDT, ß2-MG, ESR, LDH, percent of smudgecell in peripheral blood smear, absolute lymphocyte count, and conventional cytogenetic (CC) analysis wereevaluated at diagnosis, and the patients were followed up to determine their outcome. We compared factors witheach other and with Binet staging and prognosis. Results: Enrolled patients aged 37–85 years at diagnosis orduring follow up. There was no relationship between serum LDH level (P=0.3), ESR (P=0.11), percent of smudgecells in peripheral blood smear (P=0.94), and absolute lymphocyte count (P=0.18) with the stage of disease andprognosis, but the β2 macroglobulin level (p<0.0001), LDT (p<0.001) had direct and significant relation withstaging and outcome. In 19% of patients cytogenetic alteration were seen. Conclusion: The detection of cytogeneticalteration only using the CC method is not sufficient and we need to use FISH, but because FISH study is anexpensive method not available in all areas, instead we believe that β2 MG can be applied in its place as a goodprognostic factor for CLL at diagnosis and during follow up. We suggest to add it to Binet staging for prognosticsubgrouping of CLL.}, keywords = {Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia,Prognostic factor,β2 MG,cytogenetic}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26616.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26616_53245b33afd3b098b9caeaf7f94c032f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Bidirectional Regulation of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) on the Radiosensitivity of Esophageal Cancer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3015-3023}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The mitochondrial antioxidant protein manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) may represent a newtype of tumor suppressor protein. Overexpression of the cDNA of this gene by plasmid or recombinant lentiviraltransfection in various types of cancer leads to growth suppression both in vitro and in vivo. We previouslydetermined that changes in MnSOD expression had bidirectional effects on adriamycin (ADR) when combinedwith nitric oxide (NO). Radiation induces free radicals in a manner similar to ADR, so we speculated thatMnSOD combined with NO would also have a bidirectional effect on cellular radiosensitivity. To examine thishypothesis, TE-1 human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells were stably transfected using lipofectamine witha pLenti6–DEST plasmid containing human MnSOD cDNA at moderate to high overexpression levels or withno MnSOD insert. Blastidicin-resistant colonies were isolated, grown, and maintained in culture. We found thatmoderate overexpression of MnSOD decreased growth rates, plating efficiency, and increased apoptosis. However,high overexpression increased growth rates, plating efficiency, and decreased apoptosis. When combined withNO, moderate overexpression of MnSOD increased the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells, whereas highMnSOD overexpression had the opposite effect. This finding suggests a potential new method to kill certainradioresistant tumors and to provide radioresistance to normal cells.}, keywords = {Manganese superoxide dismutase,nitric oxide,Esophageal carcinoma,reactive oxygen species}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26617.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26617_95ca52229e4671308f37672b5812a483.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Serum Levels of Alpha-Tocopherol, Vitamin C, Beta-Carotene, and Retinol in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3025-3029}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between antioxidant vitamin levels andmalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). For this purpose, we measured the serum levels of 4 antioxidantvitamins, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, retinol, and ascorbic acid, in patients with environmentally induced MPMand in healthy controls from one tremolite village (Kureysler), the biggest erionite village (Tuzkoy) and Ankara.A total of 160 subjects were enrolled in the study, 42 (26.3%) diagnosed with MPM and 118 (73.7%) healthysubjects. A comparison was made between the MPM group and three control groups of which two were exposedand one was unexposed to mineral fibers. The study population consisted of 82 males (51%) and 78 females(49%) with a mean of age of 44.8±14 years (range; 20-65 years). Lowest levels of β-carotene, ascorbic acid, andα-tocopherol were found in MPM patients (MPM vs control groups combined, p<0.0001 for each antioxidantvitamin), without any relation to age or sex. There was no significant difference between the antioxidant levels ofhealthy controls of Tuzkoy and Ankara. In conclusion; our findings suggested an increased risk of MPM beingassociated with low levels of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid in patients with MPM.}, keywords = {malignant mesothelioma,β-carotene,α-Tocopherol,retinol,Ascorbic acid,fibrous mineral fibers}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26618.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26618_10ee993b0fc549b2db4eb3c5ec2c47f8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Critical Evaluation of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology as a Diagnostic Technique in Bone Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3031-3035}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Though open surgical biopsy is the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of bone tumors,many disadvantages are associated with this approach. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the roleof fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a diagnostic tool in cases of bony tumors and tumor-like lesionswhich may be conducted in centers where facilities for surgical biopsies are inadequate. Methods: The studypopulation consisted of 51 cases presenting with a skeletal mass. After clinical evaluation, radiological correlationwas done to assess the nature and extent of each lesion. Fine needle aspiration was performed aseptically andsmears were prepared. Patients subsequently underwent open surgical biopsy and tissue samples were obtainedfor histopathological examination. Standard statistical methods were applied for analysis of data. Results:Adequate material was not obtained even after repeated aspiration in seven cases, six of which were benign.Among the remaining 44 cases, diagnosis of malignancy was correctly provided in 28 (93.3%) out of 30 casesand categorical diagnosis in 20 (66.67%) . Interpretation of cytology was more difficult in cases of benign andtumor-like lesions, with a categorical opinion only possible in seven (50%) cases. Statistical analysis showedFNAC with malignant tumors to have high sensitivity (93.3%), specificity (92.9%) and positive predictive value of96.6%, whereas the negative predictive value was 86.7%. Conclusion: FNAC should be included in the diagnosticworkup of a skeletal tumor because of its simplicity and reliability. However, a definitive pathologic diagnosisheavily depends on compatible clinical and radiologic features which can only be accomplished by teamwork.The cytological technique applied in this study could detect many bone tumors and tumor-like conditions andappears particularly suitable as a diagnostic technique for rural regions of India as other developing countries.}, keywords = {fine needle aspiration cytology,bone tumors and tumor-like lesions,Diagnostic sensitivity}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26619.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26619_6ddad4f109bce9d395a68397592e2c3a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of BCL-6, CD10, CD138 and MUM-1 Expression in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma patients: CD138 is a Marker of Poor Prognosis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3037-3046}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) encompasses two major groups of tumors with uneven survivaloutcomes - germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB). In the present study, weinvestigated the expression of GCB markers (BCL-6 and CD10) and non-GCB markers (CD138 and MUM-1) in an effort to evaluate their prognostic value. Paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies of 46 Jordanian DLBCLpatients were analyzed, retrospectively, by immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of BCL-6, CD10,CD138 and MUM-1. In addition, survival curves were calculated with reference to marker expression, age, sexand nodal involvement. Positive expression of BCL-6, CD10, CD138 and MUM-1 was shown in 78%, 61%,39% and 91% of the cases, respectively, that of BCL-6 being associated with better overall survival (p = 0.02),whereas positive CD138 was linked with poor overall survival (p = 0.01). The expression of CD10 and MUM-1 had no impact on the overall survival. Among the clinical characteristics studied, diagnosis at an early age,nodal involvement and maleness were associated with a higher overall survival for DLBCL patients. Our resultsunderline the importance of BCL-6 as a marker of better prognosis and CD138 as a marker of poor prognosisfor DLBCL patients.}, keywords = {Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,immunohistochemistry,BCL 6,CD10,CD138,MUM 1,Prognosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26620.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26620_22b4dd38fc83824f1a8956a029261ac1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Lack of Influence of MGMT Codon Leu84Phe and Codon Ileu143Val Polymorphisms on Esophageal Cancer Risk in the Kashmir Valley}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3047-3052}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The enzyme encoded by the MGMT gene is involved in the repair of alkylated lesions formed in DNA bycarcinogenic nitrosamines. Since dietary items consumed by the Kashmiri population contain high concentrationsof these agents, it is biologically plausible that MGMT polymorphic variants may be associated with their riskof esophageal cancer. The present study was performed to assess whether non-synonymous SNPS at codonLeu84Phe and codon Ileu143Val of the MGMT gene, close to the active site of the protein, might be linked topredisposition of Kashmiris to esophageal cancer. Genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reactionrestrictionfragment length polymorphism on 92 cases and 77 healthy controls. Codon 84 and codon 143 SNPs ofthe MGMT gene were not associated with any increase in risk. While the frequency of the Phe allele at codon 84in cases was (0.16), slightly higher than controls (0.12), the difference was not statistically significant. Similarly,the frequency of Valine allele in cases at codon 143 (0.08) and controls (0.09) was nearly equal. Moreover, nosignificant association of MGMT genotypes with the clinicopatholgic variables of esophageal cancer patients wasobserved. In conclusion, MGMT variants at codon 84 and codon143 may not be involved in the susceptibility ofthe Kashmiri population to esophageal cancer.}, keywords = {Esophageal Cancer,kashmiri population,MGMT,PCR-RFLP}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26621.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26621_7dbe7ec6b28b17d3f09a21ad01b52008.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Linear and Conformational B Cell Epitope Prediction of the HER 2 ECD-Subdomain III by in silico Methods}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3053-3059}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptorfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases that plays important roles in all processes of cell development. Theiroverexpression is related to many cancers, including examples in the breast, ovaries and stomach. Anticancertherapies targeting the HER2 receptor have shown promise, and monoclonal antibodies against subdomains IIand IV of the HER2 extra-cellular domain (ECD), Pertuzumab and Herceptin, are currently used in treatmentsfor some types of breast cancers. Since anti HER2 antibodies targeting distinct epitopes have different biologicaleffects on cancer cells; in this research linear and conformational B cell epitopes of HER2 ECD, subdomain III,were identified by bioinformatics analyses using a combination of linear B cell epitope prediction web serverssuch as ABCpred, BCPREDs, Bepired, Bcepred and Elliprro. Then, Discotope, CBtope and SUPERFICIALsoftware tools were employed for conformational B cell epitope prediction. In contrast to previously reportedepitopes of HER2 ECD we predicted conformational B cell epitopes P1C: 378-393 (PESFDGDPASNTAPLQ) andP2C: 500-510 (PEDECVGEGLA) by the integrated strategy and P4: PESFDGD-X-TAPLQ; P5: PESFDGDP XTAPLQ; P6: ESFDGDP X NTAPLQP; P7: PESFDGDP-X-NTAPLQ; P8: ESFDG-XX-TAPLQPEQL and P9:ESFDGDP-X-NTAPLQP by SUPERFICIAL software. These epitopes could be further used as peptide antigensto actively immune mice for development of new monoclonal antibodies and peptide cancer vaccines that targetdifferent epitopes or structural domains of HER2 ECD.}, keywords = {HER2 receptor-conformational B cell epitope-bioinformatics-cancer therapy-peptide vaccine}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26622.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26622_2d370f244f4c9d3847417a733efbdc67.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Epidemiological Trends of Cancer Morbidity at a Government Medical College Hospital, Chandigarh, India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3061-3064}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: An epidemiological shift has resulted in increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD).Unlike other NCDs which are easily and definitely preventable, the knowledge of cancer prevention is still limitedat present. Various aetiological factors are difficult to control since those are habit forming. Hence an availableremedy remains its secondary and tertiary prevention for which appropriate planning is of paramount importance.Evidence based planning requires careful analysis of data with a view to prioritize various cancers. Keeping inview the fact that the adaptation of smoking free status in Chandigarh city might have a far reaching positiveeffect on the cancer related morbidity of the people, the following study was undertaken to provide base line datato be used for future comparisons. Methods: The registers maintained in the Department of Radiotherapy werechecked and those belonging to the years 1999 to 2009 were utilized to analyze the cancer morbidity in respectto age, sex, and year of presentation to health care facility. Results: A total of 4,600 cancer patients (males=2276,females=2324) demonstrated a gradual increase in the number of cancer cases from 150 in the year 1999 to 783in the year 2009. The most common cancers amongst males were cancer of gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) andlung (including larynx) constituting 37.3% and 27.1% of the total, respectively. In females these were cancers ofbreast and cervix representing 33.3% & 17.6% of total cancer cases, respectively, and lung cancer constituted5.3%. The maximum cases of bone cancer (53.8% of all bone cancers) were observed amongst children agedless than 20 years and lung cancer (48.2% of all lung cancers) among the elderly aged 60-69 years. The.}, keywords = {Epidemiological trend,cancer,Chandigarh,India}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26623.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26623_ef0d2a72a8812ffeb630ae3bd00d621a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) in vitro and in vivo Lung Cancer Bearing C57BL/6 Mice}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3065-3071}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: The present investigation was to evaluate the effects of essential oils of Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) onfree radicals and in vivo antioxidant properties. Methods: Essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillationand compound analysis was performed by GC-MS analysis. Screening for inhibitory activity was conductedby DPPH and OH-scavenging assays. In addition an in vivo study was carried out in cell line implantedcancer bearing mice with assessment of levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, lipidperoxidation, nitric oxide and reduced glutathione. Finally, lungs were dissected out for histopathology study ofmetastasis. Results: GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of carvocrol and trans-caryophyllene as the majorcompounds with 96% comparison with the Wilily and NBS libraries. The essential oil exhibited significantinhibition in DPPH free radical formation. Whereas reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activityare dose dependent. When compared with the standard, it was found that the essential oil has more or less equalactivity in scavenging free radicals produced. In the animal studies, the level of antioxidant enzymes catalase,superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as glutathione, were found to be increased in treatedgroups whereas lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide were reduced. Histopathology report also shows that theessential oil has a significant combating effect against cancer development. Conclusion: In all the in vitro assays,a significant correlation existed between the concentrations of the essential oil and percentage inhibition of freeradicals. The in vivo studies also has shown a very good antioxidant property for the essential oil during cancerdevelopment. From, these results the essential oil can be recommended for treating disease related to free radicalsand to prevent cancer development.}, keywords = {Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck)-free radicals-antioxidant-reducing power-Lung cancer-catalase}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26624.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26624_b25fa9dfb4aa98ae26886d41a796c9cf.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Induction of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Apoptosis Pathways in the Human Leukemic MOLT-4 Cell Line by Terpinen-4-ol}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3073-3076}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Terpinen-4-ol is a terpene found in the rhizome of Plai (Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Link ex Dietr.). Inthis study apoptogenic activity and mechanisms of cell death induced by terpinen-4-ol were investigated in thehuman leukemic MOLT-4 cell line. Terpinen-4-ol exhibited cytotoxicity in MOLT-4 cells, with characteristicmorphological features of apoptosis by Wright’s staining. The mode of cell death was confirmed to be apoptosisby flow cytometric analysis after staining with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. A sub-G1 peak in DNAhistograms of cell cycle assays was observed. Terpinen-4-ol induced-MOLT-4 cell apoptosis mediated through anintrinsic pathway involving the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) and release of cytochrome cinto the cytosol. In addition, terpinen-4-ol also induced apoptosis via an extrinsic pathway by caspase-8 activationresulting in the cleavage of cytosolic Bid. Truncated-Bid (tBid) translocated to mitochondria and activated themitochondrial pathway in conjunction with down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression. Caspase-3 activity alsoincreased. In conclusion, terpinen-4-ol can induce human leukemic MOLT-4 cell apoptosis via both intrinsic andextrinsic pathways.}, keywords = {Terpinen-4-ol,human leukemic cells,Apoptosis,mitochondrial pathway,extrinsic pathway}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26625.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26625_7615cf122f772609872344328481d78b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Comparison of Diets of Urban American Indian and Non- Hispanic Whites: Populations with a Disparity for Biliary Tract Cancer Rates}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3077-3082}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: The incidnece of biliary tract cancer (BTC) is many-fold higher for American Indians (AI) relative tonon-Hispanic whites (NHW). Neither gallstones nor genetics can account for this difference. There is speculationthat certain fatty acids in bile may play a role in preventing BTC. Since diet may influence composition of bile,we compared the dietary intakes of urban AI and NHW adult women in New Mexico. Methods: Design, a crosssectionalstudy of the diets of lactating AI and NHW women was conducted. Setting, the University of New MexicoHospital. Participants, healthy lactating women 18 to 39 years of age were recruited. Main outcome measures,a three-day diet record for each participant was analyzed. Results: The AI women consumed less calcium (p =0.04) and significantly less short and intermediate chain-length fatty acids (C4-C12), but nearly twice as muchproinflammatory arachidonic acid as the NHWs (p <0.01). The intake of dairy products by AI women was lessthan NHW women (p = 0.01) while the intake of processed meat products was higher (p <0.01). Conclusion:Dietary factors may account for the difference in the risk of BTC between AI and NHW women.}, keywords = {Diet,Calcium,intermediate chain fatty acids,dairy,biliary cancer,American Indian}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26626.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26626_4e82b593b28400855e88fa4dbd60e19f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression of Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene 1 is an Independent Factor of Poor Prognosis in Localized or Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer Cases Receiving Hormone Therapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3083-3088}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {We investigated the prognostic value of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) expression according toclinicopathological features among localized or locally advanced prostate cancer cases receiving hormone therapy.A retrospective study involved 64 patients receiving combined androgen blockade treatment was performed.PTTG1 expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining using initial needle biopsy specimensfor diagnosis. Associations of PTTG1 with various clinicopathological features and disease-free survival wereexamined via uni- and multivariate analyses. No association between PTTG1 expression and clinical T stage,Gleason score, pretreatment PSA levels, risk groups was found (p =0.682, 0.184, 0.487, 0.571, respectively).Univariate analysis revealed that increased PTTG1 expression, T3 stage and high risk group were associatedwith increased risk of disease progression (p =0.000, 0.042, and 0.001), and high PSA level had a tendency topredict disease progression (p =0.056). Cox hazard ratio analysis showed that PTTG1 low expression (p =0.002),PTTG1 high expression (p =0.000) and high risk group (p =0.0147) were significantly related to decreased diseasefreesurvival. In conclusion, PTTG1 expression determined by immunohistochemical staining in needle biopsyspecimens for diagnosis is a negative prognostic factor for progression in localized or locally advanced prostatecancer receiving hormone therapy.}, keywords = {Androgen deprivation therapy,DFS,Prognosis,Prostate Cancer,pituitary tumor transforming gene 1}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26627.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26627_a5c044cbcb0a26f04b95c037f97fb78a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognostic Value of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Resected Gastric Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3089-3097}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Aims: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potential prognostic biomarker forpatients with resected gastric cancer. However, its role remains controversial. The objective of this study was toconduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. Methods: Relevant literature was identifiedusing Medline and survival data from published studies were collected following a methodological assessment.Quality assessment of eligible studies and meta-analysis of hazard ratio (HR) were performed to review thecorrelation of VEGF overexpression with survival and recurrence in patients with gastric cancer. Results: Ourmeta-analysis included 44 published studies with 4,794 resected patients. VEGF subtype for the prediction ofoverall survival (OS) included tissue VEGF (HR=2.13, 95% CI 1.71–2.65), circulating VEGF (HR=4.22, 95% CI2.47–7.18), tissue VEGF-C (HR=2.21, 95% CI 1.58–3.09), tissue VEGF-D (HR=1.73, 95% CI 1.25–2.40). Subgroupanalysis showed that HRs of tissue VEGF for OS were, 1.78 (95% CI 0.90-3.51) and 2.31 (95% CI 1.82-2.93) innon-Asians and Asians, respectively. The meta-analysis was also conducted for disease free survival (DFS) anddisease specific survival (DSS). Conclusion: Positive expression of tissue VEGF, circulating VEGF, VEGF-C andVEGF-D were all associated with poor prognosis in resected gastric cancer. However, VEGF demonstrated nosignificant prognostic value for non-Asian populations. Circulating VEGF may be better than tissue VEGF inpredicting prognosis.}, keywords = {Gastric cancer,Prognosis,growth factors and signal transduction,VEGF}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26628.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26628_c73e293274d65549b3de839cf134f73f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Health-related Quality of Life After Treatment for Malignant Bone Tumors: A Follow-up Study in China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3099-3102}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: We conducted the present study to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among bone cancerpatients after surgical treatment in one large teaching hospitals in China, and assess the risk factors for improvingthe physical or mental HRQoL. Methods: 344 eligible adult patients who were admitted to the hospital withmalignant bone tumors during the period of Jun. 2008 to Dec. 2011, and a reference group with 361 health caseswas recruited in the same hospital during the same period. All 344 patients were followed up for one year. TheHRQoL before treatment and after one year was evaluated with the Medical Outcome Short Form 36 (SF-36).Results: All 8 domains of HRQoL had the lowest scores greatly improved over the first year after discharge.However, the patients still had significantly lower scores in every domain than the reference group one yearafter discharge. Age and type of surgery were associated with HRQoL in the mental domain. Conclusion: TheHRQoL of patients with malignant bone tumors greatly improved one year after the treatment. This study alsohighlighted the utility of HRQoL assessment for prognostic evaluation of patients after surgical treatment forbone cancer.}, keywords = {Health-related quality of life,malignant bone tumors,SF-36,follow-up}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26629.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26629_71f27ed4d5ccb40697104e828a48462f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {LY294002 Induces G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis of Cancer Stem-like Cells from Human Osteosarcoma Via Downregulation of PI3K Activity}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3103-3107}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Osteosarcoma, the most common primary mesenchymal malignant tumor, usually has bad prognosis inman, with cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) considered to play a critical role in tumorigenesis and drug-resistance.It is known that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is involved in regulation of tumor cell fates, such asproliferation, cell cycling, survival and apoptosis. Whether and how PI3K and inhibitors might cooperate inhuman osteosarcoma CSCs is still unknown. We therefore evaluated the effects of LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor,on the cell cycle and apoptosis of osteosarcoma CSCs in vitro. LY294002 prevented phosphorylation of proteinkinase B (PKB/Akt) by inhibition of PI3K phosphorylation activity, thereby inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest andapoptosis in osteosarcoma CSCs. Further studies also demonstrated that apoptosis induction by LY294002 isaccompanied by activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP, which are involved in the mitochondrial apoptosispathway. Therefore, our results indicate PI3K inhibitors may represent a potential strategy for managing humanosteosarcoma via affecting CSCs.}, keywords = {PI3K/Akt pathway,osteosarcoma,cancer stem-like cells,Cell cycle,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26630.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26630_a6c21ea08982b464dde882d2dd80eb4e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {No Association Between the GSTM1 Null Genotype and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3109-3112}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Many studies have focused on possible associations between the glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) null genotype and risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but the impact remains unclear owing toobvious inconsistencies among the findings. The present study aimed to quantify the strength of any associationin a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase and CBM databases for studies concerning theassociation between the GSTM1 null genotype and risk of RCC. We estimated the summary odds ratio (OR)with its 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to assess the association. Results: The meta-analysis showed theGSTM1 null genotype was not associated with risk of RCC overall (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.92-1.18, P = 0.501).For Caucasians, the GSTM1 null genotype was also not associated with risk of RCC (OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.90-1.16, P = 0.761). The cumulative meta-analyses showed a trend of no obvious association between GSTM1 nullgenotype and risk of RCC as information accumulated. Sensitivity analyses by omitting those studies also didnot materially alter the overall combined ORs. No evidence of publication bias was observed. Conclusion: Metaanalysesof available data show that the GSTM1 null genotype is not significantly associated with risk of renalcell carcinoma.}, keywords = {renal cell carcinoma,GSTM1,Meta-analysis,Polymorphism}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26631.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26631_435d5eb1cb979603d6e39335d2ccda2f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Some Epidemiological Measures of Cancer in Kuwait: National Cancer Registry Data from 2000 -2009}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3113-3118}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Cancer is the second cause of death in Kuwaiti people after cardiovascular diseases. This studyis the first in the country to describe epidemiological measures related to cancer in this population. Methods:Data obtained from the Kuwait cancer registry included all Kuwaiti patients between years 2000-2009. Analyseswere conducted using age-specific rates, the age-standardization-direct method, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), cumulative risk by the age of 74 years, limited-duration prevalence, mortality and forecasting to year 2029.Results: It was noted that the commonest cancer sites were colorectal with an age standardized incidence rate(ASIR) of 16.1/100,000 in males and breast (49.4/100,000) in the female population. The trend of cancer incidence(1974-2009) showed no statistically significant change. First causes of death due to cancer were female breast8(6.4-9.6)/100,000 and lung (males) 8.1/100,000 (6.6-10.0). The risk of developing cancer by the age of 74 was13.4% (1/8) and 14.3% (1/7) in males and females respectively, and the risk of dying from cancer in the sameage group was 1/17 and 1/23. By the end of 2009, prevalent cases represented 0.52% of the Kuwaiti population.In the year 2029, the total number of cancer cases is expected to reach 1200 cases compared to 889 cases in2009. Conclusions and recommendations: The most common cancers in Kuwait (breast, colorectal and lung)are largely preventable. Prompt and effective interventional prevention programs that vigorously involve diet,anti-smoking and physical activity for both sexes are urgently required.}, keywords = {cancer registry,Incidence,Prevalence,mortality,Kuwait}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26632.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26632_d5e5619423eef581451115c3843117ca.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Predictive Role of Computer Simulation in Assessing Signaling Pathways of Crizotinib-treated A549 Lung Cancer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3119-3121}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Crizotinib has beenapproved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC.However, understanding of mechanisms of action is still limited. In our studies, we confirmed crizotinib-inducedapoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells. In order to assess mechanisms, small molecular docking technology wasused as a preliminary simulation of signaling pathways. Interesting, our results of experiments were consistentwith the results of computer simulation. This indicates that small molecular docking technology should findwide use for its reliability and convenience.}, keywords = {Lung cancer,crizotinib,Apoptosis,Computer Simulation,Smad3}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26633.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26633_4c459a6db12e5e2f087bbeaad3113939.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association Between Green Tea and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis of 13 Case-control Studies}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3123-3127}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Experimental studies have suggested green tea to be a chemopreventive agent for colorectalcancer, and many studies have examined possible associations. However, the conclusions were inconsistent oreven contradictory, so we performed a meta-analysis based on published case-control studies to explore if greentea is indeed a protective factor. Methods: PubMed was searched up to May 10th, 2012 for relevant studies, andreferences of included studies were manually searched. Finally 13 eligible studies, involving 12,636 cases and38,419 controls were identified. After data extraction, a meta-analysis was performed using CMA v2 software.Results: The results indicated there may be a weak but not statistically significant reduced risk of colorectalcancer with high dose of green tea intake (OR=0.95, 95% CI:0.81-1.11, p=0.490.69–0.98). This protective effectwas also found in all subgroups, except in American and European populations. Sensitivity analysis indicatedthe result to be robust. Publication bias was not detected by either funnel plot or Egger tests. Conclusion: Theresults of this meta-analysis indicate a weak lower tendency for colorectal cancer development with green teaconsumption, but available epidemiologic data are insufficient to conclude that green tea may protect againstcolorectal cancer in humans.}, keywords = {Green tea,colorectal cancer,Colon cancer,rectal cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26634.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26634_81249e058caef44226af44187d270b23.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Anxiety and Symptom Assessment in Turkish Gynecologic Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3129-3133}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Diagnosis and treatment procedures in cancers and resulting anxiety negatively affect the individual andthe family. Particularly treatment methods may generate psychological symptoms. The aim of this study was todetermine the level of such symptoms in Turkish gynecologic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. A totalof 41 patients who were referred to our gynecologic oncology research clinic between January-March 2012,receiving 3 months or more chemotherapy and who agreed to participate were enrolled in study. All the datawere collected using a personal information form, Edmonton Symptom Assesment System and State-TraitAnxiety Inventory. Patients received highest point average from fatigue symptom (6.53±2.67) and lowest pointaverage from dyspnea (1.53±3.03) according to Edmonton Symptom Assesment System. The mean State Anxietyscore of patients was 43.1±9.77 and mean Trait Anxiety score was 46.7±7.01. Comparing symptoms of patientsand mean State Anxiety score it was found that there was a statistically significant corelation with symptomslike pain (p<0.05), sadness (p<0.001), insomnia (p<0.05), state of well being (p<0.001) and dyspnea (p<0.05).Similarly comparing symptoms of patients and mean Trait Anxiety score demonstrated significant correlationsfor fatigue (p<0.05), sadness (p<0.01), insomnia (p<0.01) and state of well-being (p<0.01). As a result, patientswith gynecological cancers experienced symptoms related to chemotherapy and a moderate level of anxiety. Inaccordance, appropriate interventions should recommended for the evaluation and improvement of anxiety andsymptoms related to treatment in cancer patients.}, keywords = {gynecologic cancer,symptom control,Anxiety,Chemotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26635.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26635_eed6db6e7bad7deaa3d20bbb2d6d5b76.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Reliability and Validity of Turkish Versions of the Child, Parent and Staff Cancer Fatigue Scales}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3135-3141}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This study was designed to adapt the Turkish versions of scales to evaluate fatigue in children with cancerfrom the perspectives of the children, parents and staff. The objective of this study was to validate “Child FatigueScale-24 hours” (CFS-24 hours), “Parent Fatigue Scale-24 hours” (PFS-24 hours) and “Staff Fatigue Scale-24hours” (SFS-24 hours) for use in Turkish clinical research settings. Translation of the scales into Turkish andvalidity and reliability tests were performed. The validity of the translated scales was assessed with languagevalidity and content validity. The reliability of the translated scales was assessed with internal consistency. Thescales were evaluated by considering the following: calculation of the Cronbach alpha coefficient for parallel formreliability with 52 pediatric cancer patients, 86 parents and 43 nurses. The internal consistency was estimatedas 0.88 for the Child Fatigue Scale-24 hours, 0.77 for the Parent Fatigue Scale-24 hours, and 0.72 for the StaffFatigue Scale-24 hours (Cronbach’s α). The Turkish version of the Child Fatigue Scale -24 hours, the ParentFatigue Scale -24 hours and the Staff Fatigue Scale -24 hours were judged reliable and valid instruments toassess fatigue in children and showed good psychometric properties. These scales should assist in understandingto what extent initiatives can minimize or eliminate fatigue. Our scales are recommended for further studies anduse in pediatric oncology clinics as routine measurements and nursing initiatives should be planned accordingly.}, keywords = {Fatigue scale,cancer,Child,parent,staff,validity-reliability}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26636.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26636_f8e818aa3c9b19072835bca38379ba07.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Physical Activity and Risk of Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3143-3147}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Previous studies investigating the association of physical activity with risk of lung cancerreported conflicting results. In order to update and improve available evidence on any link, a meta-analysis wasperformed. Method: We searched the PubMed database for prospective cohort studies investigating the relationof physical activity with risk of lung cancer. The pooled relative risk (RR) with its 95% confidence intervals(95%CI) was used to assess the association. Results: We included 14 prospective studies with a total of 1,644,305participants, with 14,074 incident lung cancer cases documented during follow-up. Meta-analysis of all 14 studiessuggested both high and medium levels of physical activity to be associated with decreased risk of lung cancercompared to the reference group with low level of physical activity (for high level, RR = 0.77, 95%CI 0.73–0.81, P< 0.001; for medium level, RR = 0.87, 95%CI 0.83–0.90, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses by gender found obviousassociations in both men and women. No publication bias was observed. Conclusion: Our findings suggest thathigh and medium levels of physical activity have a beneficial effect on lung cancer by reducing the overall riskof tumour development among both men and women.}, keywords = {physical activity,Lung cancer,Meta-analysis,protective effect}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26637.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26637_8bcae87cf3ee810a71703f74b193b983.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Perineural Invasion Independent Prognostic Factors in Patients with Gastric Cancer Undergoing Curative Resection}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3149-3152}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The prognostic significance of perineural invasion (PNI) in gastric cancer has been previouslyinvestigated but not clearly clarified. The objective of our study was to investigate the role of PNI as prognosticfactor in patients undergoing curative surgical resection and without distant metastasis in comparison with otherclinicopathological factors. Methods: Between 2001 and 2010, 287 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma underwentradical gastrectomy recorded in hospital based registries. PNI was assessed as positive when cancer cells wereseen in the perinerium or neural fascicles intramurally. Categorical and continuous variables were summarizedusing descriptive statistics and compared using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively. Cancer relatedsurvival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: PNI was positive in 211 of 287 cancers (73%),with a positive relation to lymph node metastases and advanced stage (p=0.0001, p=0.0001, respectively), muralinvasion, and lymphatic and blood vessel invasion (p=0.0001, p=0.0001, respectively). The median survival ofthe PNI positive patients was significantly shorter than that of their PNI negative counterparts (24.1 versus 38.2months, p=0.008). In the multivariate analysis, we detected PNI was an independent prognostic factor (p=0.025,HR=1.21, 95% CL 1.08-2.3) along with classical clinicopathological variables such as lymph node involvement(p=0.001), pT stage (p=0.03), and LVI (p=0.017), but not age, gender, tumour localization, stage, histologic type,and surgery procedure. Conclusions: PNI positivity in gastric cancers was related mural invasion, lymph nodeinvolvement, advanced stage and lymphatic and venous blood vessels. The presence of PNI appeared as anindependent prognostic factor on survival on multivariate analysis, not influenced by tumor stage, lymph nodemetastases and other classical factors.}, keywords = {Perineural invasion,Gastric cancer,Prognostic factors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26638.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26638_79fa8f6db44ae1f19e2bed25a4c0e6cb.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cervical Cancer in Morocco: Epidemiological Profile from Two Main Oncological Centers}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3153-3157}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: In Morocco, the epidemiological profile of cervical cancer is not well established. The focus ofthe present study was both epidemiological and pathological characteristics. Methods: For all cases of cervicalcancer treated between 2003 and 2007 in the National Institute of Oncology and the Oncology Department ofthe IbnRochd hospital (Casablanca), 900 cases were randomly selected. Results: The mean age was 52.1±11.8years. The most (90.5%) represented histological type was squamous cell carcinoma. For more than 57.0% casesthe mean distance between patient’s origin and center of treatment was greater than 100km. According to theFIGO classification, only 17.2% of patients were identified as being in early stages (0 and I). For 72.2% patientsthe follow-up did not exceed 2 years. At 1 year of following-up 55.8% of patients were alive and 43.4% were lostto following-up. Conclusion: Our study addressed the issue of the burden of cervical cancer in Morocco. Theresult provides a basis for decision-makers for the development of strategic measures to implement the fightagainst cervical cancer in Morocco.}, keywords = {Uterine cervix,cervical cancer,epidemiological profile,cross sectional study,Morocco}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26639.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26639_d2293147c575b478caeb0dbf4873aced.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Direct Costs of Cervical Cancer Management in Morocco}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3159-3163}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: For cervical cancer the epidemiological profile is poorly known in Morocco and no data isavailable concerning the direct medical costs. The purpose of this work is to estimate the direct cost of medicalmanagement of invasive cervical cancer during the first year after diagnosis in Morocco. Methods: The estimationof direct costs of medical management of invasive cervical cancer during the first year after diagnosis in Moroccois based on the estimation of individual cost in each stage which covers diagnosis, treatment and follow-up duringfirst year. The cost was estimated per patient and whole cycle-set using the costs for each drug and procedureas indicated by the Moroccan National Agency for Health Insurance. Extrapolation of the results to the wholecountry was used to calculate the total annual cost of cervical cancer treatments in Morocco. Results: Overallapproximately 1,978 new cases of cervical cancer occur each year in Morocco. The majority (82.96%) of thesecases were diagnosed at a late stage (stageII or more). The cost of one case of cervical cancer depends on stageof diagnosis, the lowest cost is $382 for stageCis followed by the cost of stageIA1 for young women (< 40 years)which is $2,952. The highest cost is for stageIV, which is $7,827. The total cost of cervical cancer care for oneyear after diagnosis is estimated at $13,589,360. The share allocated to treatment is the most important part ofthe global care budget with an annual sum of $13,027,609 whereas other cost components are represented asfollows: $435,694 for annual follow-up activity and $126,057 for diagnosis and preclinical staging. Conclusion:This study provides health decision-makers with a first estimate of costs and the opportunity to achieve theoptimal use of available data to estimate the needs of health facilities in Morocco.}, keywords = {Neoplasms,Health Costs,Morocco,cervical cancer,Prevention,Mediterranean area}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26640.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26640_ec4440e78fab9f19b82c64877b94e0fe.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Genetic Variants of CYP2D6 Gene and Cancer Risk: A HuGE Systematic Review and Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3165-3172}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Genetic polymorphisms in metabolic enzymes are associated with numerous cancers. A largenumber of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP2D6 gene have been reported to associate withcancer susceptibility. However, the results are controversial. The aim of this Human Genome Epidemiology(HuGE) review and meta-analysis was to summarize the evidence for associations. Methods: Studies focusingon the relationship between CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to cancer were selected from thePubmed, Cochrane library, Embase, Web of Science, Springerlink, CNKI and CBM databases. Data wereextracted by two independent reviewers and the meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager Version 5.1.6and STATA Version 12.0 software. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated.Results: According to the inclusion criteria, forty-three studies with a total of 7,009 cancer cases and 9,646healthy controls, were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that there was a positive associationbetween heterozygote (GC) of rs1135840 and cancer risk (OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.14-3.21, P=0.01). In addition, wefound that homozygote (CC) of rs1135840 might be a protective factor for cancer (OR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.34-0.97,P=0.04). Similarly, the G allele and G carrier (AG + GG) of rs16947 and heterozygote (A/del) of rs35742686had negative associations with cancer risk (OR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.48-0.99, P=0.04; OR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.38-0.94,P=0.03; OR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.26-0.95, P=0.03; respectively). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that CYP2D6gene polymorphisms are involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers. The heterozygote (GC) of rs1135840in CYP2D6 gene might increase the risk while the homozygote (CC) of rs1135840, G allele and G carrier (AG+ GG) of rs16947 and heterozygote (A/del) of rs35742686 might be protective factors.}, keywords = {CYP2D6,Polymorphism,cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26641.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26641_c6629bc47871ff592209c877bd434f7b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognostic Significance of Overexpression of EZH2 and H3k27me3 Proteins in Gastric Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3173-3178}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) methyl transferase and histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) protein canrepress gene transcription, and their aberrant expression has been observed in various human cancers. This studydetermined their expression levels in gastric cancer tissues with reference to clinicopathological features andpatient survival. We collected 117 gastric cancer and corresponding normal tissues for immunohistochemistryanalysis. In gastric cancers, 82/117 (70.1%) were positive for EZH2 and 66/117 (56.4%) for H3K27me3 proteinsin contrast to only 5.41% and 7.25% of normal gastric mucosa specimens, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survivaldata showed the average overall and disease-free survival of EZH2 high expression patients was 25.2 and 20.2months, respectively, shorter than that with EZH2 low expression (40.5 and 35.9 months). The average overallsurvival and disease-free survival of high H3K27me3 expression patients was 23.4 and 17.4 months, shorter thanwithout H3K27me3 expression (37.6 and 34.5 months). The average overall survival and disease-free survival ofpatients with both EZH2 and H3K27me3 expression was 18.8 and 12.9 months, respectively, shorter than thatwith either alone (34.7 and 31.2 months) or with low levels of both (43.9 and 39.9 months). Multivariate Coxregression analysis showed that H3K27me3 and EZH2 expression, tumor size differentiation and clinical stagewere all independent prognostic factors for predicting patient survival. This study demonstrated that detectionof both EZH2 and H3K27me3 proteins can predict poor survival of gastric cancer patients, superior to singleprotein detection. In addition, H3K27me3 and EZH2 protein expression could predict lymph node metastasis.}, keywords = {Gastric cancer,Prognosis,enhancer of zeste homolog 2,trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26642.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26642_e9c587659c325a040591c74befc72ea9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Sun Exposure and the Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Singapore Prostate Cancer Study: a Case-control Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3179-3185}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Most of the epidemiology studies on the effects of sun exposure and prostate cancer wereconducted among the temperate countries of North America and Europe. Little is known about the influenceon Asian populations. The purpose of current study was to evaluate any association of sun exposure with riskof prostate cancer in Chinese, Malays and Indians who reside in the tropics. Methods: The Singapore ProstateCancer Study is a hospital-based case-control study of 240 prostate cancer incident cases and 268 controlsconducted in Singapore between April 2007 and May 2009. Detailed information on outdoor activities in thesun, skin colour, sun sensitivity and other possible risk factors were collected in personal interviews. Cases werefurther classified by Gleason scores and TNM staging. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) werecalculated using unconditional logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, family historyof any cancers, BMI and skin colour. Results: We found that prostate cancer risk was increased in subjects withblack/dark-brown eyes (OR 5.88, 95%CI 3.17-10.9), darker skin colour e.g. tan/dark brown/black (OR 7.62,95%CI 3.41-17.0), frequent sunburn in lifetime (OR 4.30, 95%CI 1.7-11.2) and increased general sun exposure inadulthood per week (OR 2.03, 95%CI 1.09-3.81). The increased risk was consistent for high grade tumours andadvanced stage prostate cancers. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that excessive sun exposureis a risk factor for prostate cancer in Asians.}, keywords = {Case-control study,Prostate Cancer,risk factor,Sun exposure}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26643.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26643_47a60b5c1aced6c8ba693d918ec22fed.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Presence of Anemia and Poor Prognostic Factors in Patients with Endometrial Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3187-3190}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This study evaluated the relationship between pretreatment hemoglobin (Hb) and prognostic factors in Thaipatients with endometrial cancer. Medical records of 228 patients who had undergone surgery between January2005 and December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Associations between clinicopathological variables andpretreatment Hb levels were described using Pearson’s chi square test or two-tailed Fisher’s exact test. Survivalanalysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier estimates. Univariate and Cox-regression models were used toevaluate the prognostic impact of various factors, including Hb levels, in term of disease-free survival. The medianduration of follow-up was 38.2 months. Eighty-nine patients (39%) had a preoperative Hb level of <12 g/dL, thesehaving significantly higher rates of non-endometrioid histology, advanced FIGO stage, lymphovascular spaceinvasion, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, positive peritoneal cytology, and lymph node involvementthan patients with Hb ≥12 g/dL. The 5-year disease-free and overall survival were significantly lower in patientswith pretreatment Hb levels <12 g/dL compared with those with Hb ≥12 g/dL (79.3% vs. 89.2%, p=0.044 and87.6% vs. 99.3%, p<0.001, respectively). In the multivariate analysis only histology, myometrial invasion, andlymphovascular invasion proved to be independent prognostic factors, whereas tumor grading, stage, cervicalinvolvement, adnexal involvement, positive peritoneal cytology, lymph node involvement, and low Hb werenot. In conclusion, presence of anemia before treatment may reflect poor prognostic factors in patients withendometrial cancer and low pretreatment hemoglobin level may have a prognostic impact on clinical outcome.}, keywords = {Anemia,Prognostic factors,Endometrial cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26644.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26644_28d342b934016c4b296bbf02c1eb30e3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association Between Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 Expressionand Prognosis after Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization and Octreotide in Patients with Hepatocellar Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3191-3194}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate the association between the change of IGF-2 level in serum after transcatheterarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, especially in relation tometastasis. Methods: IGF-2 in serum was measured by quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbentassaybefore, 3 days and 4 weeks after TACE in 60 patients with HCC. The occurrence of HCC metastasis wasalso evaluated, 3 months after TACE. Results: (1) The average serum level of IGF-2 in the 60 patients withHCC was 136.5 ± 87.3 pg/ml; (2) A tendency for increase was observed with heterogenous uptake of octreotideand portal vein thrombosis. Metastatic foci were found in 37/38 patients in the group with IGF-2 increasing(97.0%), in contrast to 3/22 (13.6%) patients with IGF-2 decrease. Conclusion: The increase of IGF-2 level inserum appears to be associated with the occurrence of metastatic HCC after TACE and chemotherapy.}, keywords = {Octreotide,HCC,IGF-2,TACE,Metastasis,Prognosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26645.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26645_3f444024818628342aa1d997691f7b66.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Breast Cancer Survivors’ Efforts to Renew and Preserve Their Health in Taiwan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3195-3201}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aims: This study was designed to describe the personal life experiences of breast cancer survivors regardingtheir efforts to recover and preserve their health in Taiwan. Method: The study utilized a qualitative researchmethod, wherein purposive sampling, one-on-one, face-to-face, in-depth semi-structured interviews wereconducted. The data were then analyzed using content analysis. Data were saturated after interviewing 15cancer survivors. Results: Three common themes emerged: introspection on the cause of the cancer, realizationof a harmonized lifestyle, and reflecting on the strong will to survive. Conclusions: These findings are helpfulin understanding the relationship between breast cancer survival and individual efforts to restore and preservehealth.}, keywords = {Breast cancer survivors,life experiences,health preservation,Taiwan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26646.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26646_b2e45c3b3a4f74131041b856d24a9404.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effects of Multiple-target Anti-microRNA Antisense Oligodeoxyribonucleotides on Proliferation and Migration of Gastric Cancer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3203-3207}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Backgrounds: To investigate the inhibiting effects of multi-target anti-microRNA antisense oligonucleotide(MTg-AMOs) on proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cells. Methods: Single anti-microRNAantisense oligonucleotides (AMOs) and MTg-AMOs for miR-221, 21, and 106a were designed and transfectedinto SGC7901, a gastric cancer cell line, to target the activity of these miRNAs. Their expression was analyzedusing stem-loop RT-PCR and effects of MTg-AMOs on human gastric cancer cells were determined using thefollowing two assay methods: CCK8 for cell proliferation and transwells for migration. Results: In the CCK-8cell proliferation assay, 0.6 μmol/L was selected as the preferred concentration of MTg-AMOs and incubationtime was 72 hours. Under these experimental conditions, MTg-AMOs demonstrated better suppression of theexpression of miR-221, miR-106a, miR-21 in gastric cancer cells than that of single AMOs (P = 0.014, 0.024;0.038, respectively). Migration activity was also clearly decreased as compared to those in randomized and blankcontrol groups (28 ± 4 Vs 54 ± 3, P <0.01; 28 ± 4 Vs 59 ± 4, P < 0.01). Conclusions: MTg-AMOs can specificallyinhibit the expression of multiple miRNAs, and effectively antagonize proliferation and migration of gastriccancer cells promoted by oncomirs.}, keywords = {MicroRNAs,Stomach neoplasms,oligonucleotides,antisense,Cell proliferation,migration}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26647.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26647_7049f05ea2d3a25c6ec2f81f9a473a9e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Changing Trends of Colorectal Carcinoma in Nepalese Young Adults}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3209-3212}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy in the olderpopulation, but it is also quite frequent among young adults in developing countries. The aim of this studywas to update the trends of clinicopathological features of CRC in young Nepalese. Methods: A retrospectivecomparative study on the data retrieved from the surgical records of all patients between 20 to 39 years of agewith CRC was carried out for periods of 5 years each from 1999 to 2003 (early) and 2004 to 2008 (recent), treatedat Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Results: The number of young adults withCRC increased from 28 to 34. However, the proportion of young patients in both groups was 28% of all CRCpatients. The mean ages were 34±4.7 and 31.8±5.1 years in early and recent 5 years, respectively, and the malefemale ratio changed from 2:3 to 4:3. Abdominal pain as the most common presenting symptom was replacedby bleeding per rectum in recent years. The mean duration from onset of symptoms to seeking medical advicedecreased from 7.8 months to 5.6 months in recent years. More patients (85.3%) were subjected to endoscopicexamination in recent years than early years (60.7%) and right colonic cancer increased from 10.7% to 26.5%.However, the rectum was the commonest site in both early (71.4%) and recent (50%) groups. CRC was detectedsignificantly at an earlier stage (7.1% vs 32.4%) in recent years with large proportion of modified Dukes B stage.Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was the predominant histology in both groups (50% vs 60.7%). Curativeresection had risen in recent years (39.3% vs 73.6%). Conclusion: CRC among Nepalese young adults accountsfor a high incidence (28%) of all CRC cases. Although right sided colonic cancer has been increasing, rectum isthe commonest site. There is also an increasing trend for diagnosis at earlier stages of the disease which can betreated with curative intent.}, keywords = {age,colorectal cancer,Gender,stage,Nepal}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26648.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26648_1265dcf6c21d3aa7d941da21b480000d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Comparison of WHO and RECIST Criteria for Evaluation of Clinical Response to Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3213-3218}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {When patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC) are treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT),efficacy is monitored by the extent of tumor shrinkage. Since their publication in 1981, World Health Organization(WHO) guidelines have been widely practiced in clinical trials and oncologic practice, for standardized tumorresponse evaluation. With advances in cancer treatment and tumor imaging, a simpler criterion based on onedimensionalrather than bi-dimensional (WHO) tumor measurement, named Response Evaluation Criteriain Solid Tumors (RECIST) was introduced in 2000. Both approaches have four response categories: completeresponse, partial response, stable disease and progressive disease (PD). Bi-dimensional measurement data of151 patients with ABC were analysed with WHO and RECIST criteria to compare their response categoriesand inter criteria reproducibility by Kappa statistics. There was 94% concordance and 9/151 patients were recategorizedwith RECIST including 6/12 PD cases. RECIST therefore under-estimates and delays diagnosis ofPD. This is undesirable because it may delay or negate switch over to alternate therapy. Analysis was repeatedwith a new criteria named RECIST-Breast (RECIST-B), with a lower threshold for PD (≥10% rather than ≥20%increase of RECIST). This showed higher concordance of 97% with WHO criteria and re-categorization of only4/151 patients (1/12 PD cases). RECIST-B criteria therefore have advantages of both ease of measurement andcalculations combined with excellent concordance with WHO criteria, providing a practical clinical tool forresponse evaluation and offering good comparison with past and current clinical trials of NACT using WHOguidelines.}, keywords = {Response criteria,WHO,RECIST,breast cancer,clinical response,RECIST-breast}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26649.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26649_87899f3f4fe6b5c39a0cf6dead1267f5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Comparison of Japanese and Indian Cases}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3219-3222}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {A comparative study between 17 Japanese and 19 Indian patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs)revealed that the tumour prognostic indicator mean vessel density (MVD) count for angiogenesis was relativelyhigh at 57.1 in Indian as compared to 39.3 in Japanese (P=0.001) cases, whereas the lymph-vessel density (LVD)count for lymphangiogenesis was lower (12.8 vs 48.0, P=0.002). Both male and female Indians had higher MVDcounts, but LVD counts were only slightly lower in females. MVD count was relatively high among the casesbelow 65 years old in both the countries (P=0.4). Japanese cases with Tongue cancer had higher MVD count,but the Indian cases had lower LVD counts. Size-wise, T2 and T3 had higher counts of MVD both in Indian andJapanese cases. MVD and LVD count was higher in grades II and III both in Japanese and Indian cases. Therewas insignificant difference of the MVD counts among smokers, but the tobacco chewers in Indian cases hadhigher counts of MVD and LVD (P value by Bartlett test 0.35, 0.57 respectively). The hot-spots of tumour siteshad variable rates of lymphocyte infiltration showed higher MVD counts in all the cases. Although the clinicalcharacteristics and demographic variables usually relate to MVD and LVD counts, the tendency of higher values,especially among tobacco chewers, identified as the highest risk group for occurrence of oral cancer needs to beinvestigated further.}, keywords = {oral squamous cell carcinoma,angiogenesis (MVD),lymphangiogesis (LVD),Japanese and Indian cases}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26650.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26650_566ba9ad4ac12a9406686606783d99e2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Knockdown of HMGN5 Expression by RNA Interference Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Lung Cancer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3223-3228}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {HMGN5 is a typical member of the HMGN (high mobility group nucleosome-binding protein) family whichmay function as a nucleosomal binding and transcriptional activating protein. Overexpression of HMGN5 hasbeen observed in several human tumors but its role in tumorigenesis has not been fully clarified. To investigateits significance for human lung cancer progression, we successfully constructed a shRNA expression lentiviralvector in which sense and antisense sequences targeting the human HMGN5 were linked with a 9-nucleotide loop.Inhibitory effects of siRNA on endogenous HMGN5 gene expression and protein synthesis were demonstratedvia real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. We found HMGN5 silencing to significantly inhibit A549 andH1299 cell proliferation assessed by MTT, BrdU incorporation and colony formation assays. Furthermore, flowcytometry analysis showed that specific knockdown of HMGN5 slowed down the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phaseand decreased the populations of A549 and H1299 cells at the S and G2/M phases. Taken together, these resultssuggest that HMGN5 is directly involved in regulation cell proliferation in A549 and H1299 cells by influencingsignaling pathways involved in cell cycle progression. Thus, our finding suggests that targeting HMGN5 maybe an effective strategy for human lung cancer treatment.}, keywords = {HMGN5,Cell proliferation,cell cycle arrest,human lung cancer cells,RNA interference}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26651.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26651_cdb4bd65f964967f32bdd26bde05fad9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Estimation of Denominators- a New Approach for Calculating of Various Rates in Cancer Registries}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3229-3232}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this study, cancer incidence data were assessed to provide various rates of five year age groups for a givenyear, lying between two census years. The individual exponential growth rate method is most useful in bothpopulation-based and non-population cased cancer registries in India to estimate the population by five yearlyage groups and also find the rates of crude rates, age standard rates and cumulative rates. This method has beenshown to endure from bias and often results sacrificing the overall growth rate and correction factor must beneedful in five year age group population to maintain it. A second method, the difference distribution methodis also able to maintain the overall growth rate and overcome the bias in estimation of five yearly age grouppopulations. From this point of view these methods serving a new technique for population estimation by fiveyearly age groups for inter census years.}, keywords = {Census,cancer incidence data inter census population estimation,growth rate and modified growth rate}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26652.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26652_a3bb464cfe7e2efa41b9e7a948048569.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {MSP58 Knockdown Inhibits the Proliferation of EsophagealSquamous Cell Carcinoma in Vitro and in Vivo}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3233-3238}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is one of the most aggressive cancers with a poor prognosis. Understanding themolecular mechanisms underlying esophageal cancer progression is a high priority for improved EC diagnosisand prognosis. Recently, MSP58 was shown to behave as an oncogene in colorectal carcinomas and gliomas.However, little is known about its function in esophageal carcinomas. We therefore examined the effects of MSP58knockdown on the growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells in vitro and in vivo in order togain a better understanding of its potential as a tumor therapeutic target. We employed lentiviral-mediated smallhairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down the expression of MSP58 in the ESCC cell lines Eca-109 and EC9706 anddemonstrated inhibition of ESCC cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro. Furthermore, flow cytometryand western blot analyses revealed that MSP58 depletion induced cell cycle arrest by regulating the expressionof P21, CDK4 and cyclin D1. Notably, the downregulation of MSP58 significantly inhibited the growth of ESCCxenografts in nude mice. Our results suggest that MSP58 may play an important role in ESCC progression.}, keywords = {Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,small hairpin RNA (shRNA)}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26653.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26653_3b2118379621a1682714b9c028e3545e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Hyperthermia Promotes Apoptosis and Suppresses Invasion in C6 Rat Glioma Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3239-3245}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Gliomas are a group of heterogeneous primary central nervous system tumors. Hyperthermia has provento be a potential therapeutic tool for cancers in the clinic. However, the molecular mechanisms of hyperthermiaremain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of hyperthermia on the invasivenessin C6 glioma cells and related molecular pathways. Here our data show hyperthermia stimulated the release oftumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and decreased C6 glioma cell migration and invasive capability at 30, 60,120 and 180 min; with increased spontaneous apoptosis in C6 glioma cells at 120 min. We also found mitogenactivatedprotein kinase (P38 MAPK) protein expression to be increased and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)protein expression decreased. Based on the results, we conclude that hyperthermia alone reduced invasion ofC6 glioma cells through stimulating TNF-α signaling to activate apoptosis, enhancing P38 MAPK expressionand inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, a first report in C6 rat glioma cells.}, keywords = {Hyperthermia,glioma invasiveness,TNF-α,p38 MAPK,NF-κB}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26654.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26654_48f052d67c36c75af6f6737e079273d9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Predictive Role of Glutathione-S-transferase Gene Polymorphisms in Risk and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3247-3252}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: We conducted a prospective study in an Chinese population to detect associations of GSTM, GSTT andGSTP polymorphisms with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and analyze roles in determining survival outcome.Methods: A prospective follow-up study was conducted with 476 HCC patients and 481 controls collected fromMay 2005 to May 2007. All patients were followed up until the end of Dec. 2011. GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1genotyping were performed by PCR-CTPP methods. Results: Null GSTM1 carriers had a 1.64 fold risk of HCCcompared with non-null genotype, while GSTP1 Val/Val carriers had a 93% increased risk over the GSTP1IIe/IIe genotype. The median follow-up time for the 476 patients was 34.2 months (range: 1 to 78 months).Individuals with null GSTM1 genotype had better survival of HCC than non-null genotype carriers ( HR=0.71,95%CI=0.45-0.95). Similarly, GSTP1 Val/Val genotypes had significant better survival than the GSTP1 IIe/IIegenotype (HR=0.34, 95%CI=0.18-0.65). Individuals carrying null GSTM1 and GSTP1 Val/Val who receivedchemotherapy had lower risk of death from HCC than those without chemotherapy. Conclusion: This studyindicated carriage of null GSTM1 and GSTP1 Val/Val genotypes to have roles in susceptibility to and survivalfrom HCC.}, keywords = {HCC,glutathione-S-transferases,polymorphisms,risk,survival}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26236.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26236_814cc189c3f4bfe84cd4cce1017d0d73.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Whole Brain Radiotherapy Plus Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Brain Metastases from Lung Cancer: A Metaanalysis of 19 Randomized Controlled Trails}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3253-3258}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) plus chemotherapyversus WBRT alone for treating brain metastases (BM) from lung cancer by performing a meta-analysis basedon randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: The PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, ASCO, ESMO, CBM,CNKI, and VIP databases were searched for relevant RCTs performed between January 2000 and March 2012.After quality assessment and data extraction, the meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.1 software,with funnel plot evaluation of publication bias. Results: 19 RCTs involving 1,343 patients were included. Themeta-analyses demonstrated that compared to WBRT alone, WBRT plus chemotherapy was more effective withregard to the objective response rate (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.79 – 2.98; P < 0.001); however, the incidences ofgastrointestinal reactions (RR = 3.82, 95% CI = 2.33 - 6.28, P <0.001), bone marrow suppression (RR = 5.49,95% CI = 3.65 - 8.25, P < 0.001), thrombocytopenia (RR = 5.83, 95% CI = 0.39 - 86.59; P = 0.20), leukopenia(RR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.77 – 5.51; P < 0.001), and neutropenia (RR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.61 - 4.68; P < 0.001) inpatients treated with WBRT plus chemotherapy were higher than with WBRT alone. There was no obviouspublication bias detected. Conclusion: WBRT plus chemotherapy can obviously improve total efficacy rate,butalso increases the incidence of adverse reactions compared to WBRT alone. From the limitations of thisstudy, more large-scale, high-quality RCTs are suggested for further verification.}, keywords = {Lung cancer,brain metastases,whole brain radiotherapy,Chemotherapy,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26237.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26237_d598abe6f65a5d238f03f4ca37d7accd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Curcumin Effect on MMPs and TIMPs Genes in a Breast Cancer Cell Line}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3259-3264}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Curcumin (CM) possesses anti-cancer activity against a variety of tumors. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)play an important role in remodeling the extracellular matrix and their activities are regulated by tissue inhibitorof metalloproteinases (TIMPs) family. Control of MMP and TIMP activity are now of great significance. In thisstudy, the effect of CM is investigated on metastatic MMPs and anti-metastatic TIMPs genes on MDA breastcancer cells cultured in a mixture of DMEM and Ham’s F12 medium and treated with different concentrationsof CM (10, 20 and 40μM for various lengths of time. Reverse transcription followed by quantitative real timePCR was used to detect the gene expression levels of MMPs and TIMPs in CM-treated versus untreated casesand the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. At high concentrations of curcumin, TIMP-1, -2, -3 and -4 geneswere up-regulated after 48 hours of treatment, their over-expression being accompanied by down-regulation ofMMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression levels in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These results suggestthat curcumin plays a role in regulating cell metastasis by inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 and up-regulatingTIMP1 and TIMP4 gene expression in breast cancer cells.}, keywords = {curcumin,Matrix Metalloproteinases,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases,breast cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26238.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26238_fb95336f7538f45e69fd55678c4dcae1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Proteomic Analysis of Serum of Women with Elevated Ca-125 to Differentiate Malignant from Benign Ovarian Tumors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3265-3270}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Clinically, elevated cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) in blood predicts tumor burden in a woman’s body, especiallyin the ovary, but cannot differentiate between malignant or benign. We here used intensive modern proteomicapproaches to identify predictive proteins in the serum of women with elevated CA-125 to differentiate malignantfrom benign ovarian tumors. We identified differentially expressed proteins in serum samples of ovarian cancer(OC) patients, benign ovarian tumor (BT) patients, and healthy control women using mass spectrometry-basedquantitative proteomics. Both the OC and BT patients had elevated CA-125. Quantitation was achieved usingisobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation. We obtained 124 quantified differential serum proteins in OCcompared with BT. Two proteins, apolipoprotein A-4 (APOA4) and natural resistance-associated macrophage1, were verified using Western blotting. Proteome profiling applied to OC cases identified several differentialserum proteins in the serum of women with elevated CA-125. A novel protein, APOA4, has the potential to bea marker for malignant tumor differentiation in the serum of women with elevated CA-125.}, keywords = {Quantitative proteomics,Ovarian Cancer,CA-125,iTRAQ,2D-nano,LC-ESI-OrbiTrap MS/MS}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26655.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26655_607e6345f9a5ab1493689ea2bb847d3d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Obesity and Screening Compliance for Breast and Cervical Cancer in Korean Women}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3271-3274}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose : This study was performed to assess whether the weight status is associated with screeningrates of breast and cervical cancer in Korean women. Methods: Study participants included women agedbetween 30 and 80 years from the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007to 2009. Body mass index was classified into ~18.4 kg/m2 (underweight), 18.5~22.9 kg/m2 (normal), 23~24.9kg/m2 (overweight), 25.0~29.9 kg/m2 (moderate obesity) and 30.0 kg/m2~ (severe obesity) according to theAsia Pacific Standards of WHO recommended definition of obesity. Screening rates of breast and cervicalcancer were estimated by the recommendation of the National Cancer Screening Program of the NationalCancer Center, Korea. Results : The overall screening rates for breast and cervical cancer were 51.3% and50.1%, respectively. After covariate adjustment, the screening rates for breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio,0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.97) and cervical cancer (adjusted odds ratio, 0.71; 95% confidenceinterval, 0.53 to 0.94) were significantly lower in the women with severe obesity. Conclusion: Obesity isassociated with lower compliance with breast and cervical cancer screening guidelines in Korean women.}, keywords = {Body mass index,breast cancer,cervical cancer,cancer screening,compliance}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26656.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26656_cf04a118a914cf6b8d3d323641c754ce.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Metformin Inhibits Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inducing Apoptosis Via Mitochondrion-mediated Pathway}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3275-3279}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Recently, population-based studies of type 2 diabetes patients have provided evidence that metformin treatment is associated with a reduced cancer incidence and mortality, but its mode of action remains unclear. Here we report effects of metformin on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hep-G2 cells and details of molecular mechanisms of metformin activity. Our research indicates that metformin displays anticancer activity against HCC through inhibition of the mTOR translational pathway in an AMPK-independent manner, leading to G1 arrest in the cell-cycle and subsequent cell apoptosis through the mitochondrion-dependent pathway. Furthermore, we showed that metformin strongly attenuated colony formation and dramatically inhibited Hep-G2 tumor growth in vivo.In conclusion, our studies suggested that metformin might have potential as a cytotoxic drug in the prevention and treatment of HCC.}, keywords = {Metformin,HCC,mTOR,Apoptosis,signaling pathway}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26657.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26657_21c803fe57096091ecbe5b794ed161a4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognostic Value of HPV18 DNA Viral Load in Patients with Early-Stage Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3281-3285}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: To evaluate the clinicopathologic correlation and prognostic value of HPV18 DNA viral loadin patients with early-stage cervical neuroendocrine carcinoma (NECA). Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffinembeddedtissue of cervical NECA patients with known HPV18 infection and clinicopathologic data includingfollow-up results were collected. The HPV18 DNA load was assessed with quantitative PCR targeting the HPV18E6E7 region. Results: Twenty-one patients with early-stage (IB-IIA) cervical NECA were identified. HPV18DNA viral load ranged from 0.83 to 55,174 copies/cell (median 5.90). Disease progression, observed in 10 cases(48%), was not significantly associated with any clinicopathologic variables. However, the group of patientswith progressive disease tended to have a higher rate of pelvic lymph node metastasis (50% versus 9%, p=0.063)and a lower median value of HPV18 DNA viral load (4.37 versus 8.17 copies/cell, p=0.198) compared to thenon-recurrent group. When stratified by a cut-off viral load value of 5.00 copies/cell, the group of patients withviral load ≤5.00 copies/cell had a significantly shorter disease-free survival than the group with viral load >5.00copies/cell (p=0.028). The group with a lower viral load also tended to have a higher rate of disease progression(75% versus 31%, p=0.080). No significant difference in the other clinicopathologic variables between the lowerand higher viral load groups was identified. Conclusion: HPV18 DNA viral load may have a prognostic valuein patients with early-stage NECA of the cervix. A low viral load may be predictive of shortened disease-freesurvival in these patients.}, keywords = {Human papillomavirus (HPV),HPV18,DNA viral load,Prognosis,neuroendocrine carcinoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26658.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26658_3125914544d122684bc89753d182bf6a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Penang General Hospital Experience}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3287-3292}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: To study the overall treatment time (OTT) and acute toxicity of intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: This retrospective study covered all NPCpatients who underwent radical IMRT treatment at the Penang General Hospital from June 2011 to February2012. Patients of any age and stage of disease with histologically proven diagnosis were included. Informationwas collected on patient demographics, clinical stage, treatment received, including any neoadjuvant and/orconcurrent chemotherapy, acute toxity and completion of IMRT within the OTT. Results: A total of 26 NPCpatients were treated with IMRT during the study period; 88.5% had stage III/IV disease. 45.2% receivedneo-adjuvant chemotherapy while 50.0% were given concurrent chemo-irradiation. All patients completed thetreatment and 92.3% within the 7 weeks OTT. Xerostomia was present in all patients with 92.3% having grade2. Severe grade III/IV acute toxicity occurred in 73.1% of patients, the commonest of which was oral mucositis(57.6%). This was followed by dysphagia which occurred in 53.8%, skin reactions in 42.3% and weight loss in19.2%. However, haematological toxicity was mild with only one patient having leucopaenia. Conclusion: IMRTtreatment for NPC is feasible in our center. More importantly, it can be delivered within the 7 weeks OTT inthe majority of patients. Severe grade 3/4 toxicity is very common (73.1%) and thus maximal nutritional andanalgesic support is required throughout the treatment.}, keywords = {Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,intensity-modulated radiotherapy,overall treatment time,Acute toxicity}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26659.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26659_870f0b3a952f3b2f6b4bba029a122f37.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Novel Mononuclear Ruthenium(II) Compounds in Cancer therapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3293-3298}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The present study was conducted to evaluate in vivo anticancer activity of two novel mononuclear ruthenium(II)compounds, namely Ru(1,10-phenanthroline)2(2-nitro phenyl thiosemicarbazone)Cl2 (Compound R1) andRu (1,10-phenanthroline)2(2-hydroxy phenyl thiosemicarbazone)Cl2 (Compound R2) against Ehrlich ascitescarcinoma (EAC) mice and in vitro cytotoxic activity against IEC-6 (small intestine) cell lines and Artemiasalina nauplii using MTT [(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)] and BLT [brineshrimp lethality] assays respectively. The tested ruthenium compounds at the doses 2 and 4 mg/kg body weightshowed promising biological activity especially in decreasing the tumor volume, viable ascites cell counts andbody weights. These compounds prolonged the life span (% ILS), mean survival time (MST) of mice bearing-EAC tumor. The results for in vitro cytotoxicity against IEC-6 cells showed the ruthenium compound R2 to havesignificant cytotoxic activity with a IC50 value of 20.0 μg/mL than R1 (IC50=78.8μg/mL) in the MTT assay and theLC50 values of R1 and R2 compounds were found to be 38.3 and 43.8 μg/mL respectively in the BLT assay. Thebiochemical and histopathological results revealed that there was no significant hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicityassociated with the ruthenium administration to mice.}, keywords = {BLT,Cytotoxicity,EAC mice,MTT,ruthenium compounds}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26660.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26660_387fadfc7ff09abc91ffaeafe7513ff7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association Between XPD Asp312Asn Polymorphism and Esophageal Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3299-3303}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate the association between xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) Asp312Asnpolymorphism and esophageal cancer (EC) susceptibility by meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed up toApril 9th, 2012, to identify relevant papers, and 8 published case-control studies including 2165 EC patients and3141 healthy controls were yielded. Odds ratios (ORs) with relevant 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were appliedto assess the association between XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism and EC susceptibility with the ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis software, version 2.2. Results: Overall, the meta-analysis results suggested the XPD Asp312Asnpolymorphism to be significantly associated with EC susceptibility [(Asn/Asn+Asp/Asn) vs. Asp/Asp: OR=1.20,95%CI=1.05-1.36, p=0.01; and Asp/Asn vs. Asp/Asp: OR= 1.15, 95%CI =1.01-1.31, p=0.04]. In the subgroupanalysis by ethnicity and cancer type, significantly associations were found for Caucasian populations [(Asn/Asn+Asp/Asn) vs. Asp/Asp: OR=1.26, 95%CI =1.08-1.47, p<0.001; Asp/Asn vs. Asp/Asp: OR=1.19, 95%CI =1.02-1.40, p=0.03] and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [(Asn/Asn+Asp/Asn) vs. Asp/Asp: OR=1.19, 95%CI=1.01-1.41, p=0.04]. There was no heterogeneity and no publication bias existed. Conclusions: This meta-analysisshows that the XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism may be a risk factor for developing EC, especially for Caucasianpopulations and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.}, keywords = {excision repair,Polymorphism,Esophageal Cancer,Susceptibility,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26661.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26661_ec4a64c913d535d64a319577251d70a3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {p.R72P, PIN3 Ins16bp Polymorphisms of TP53 and CCR5Δ32 in North Indian Breast Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3305-3311}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The present study aimed to find the prognostic implications of two polymorphisms in TP53(p.R72P, PIN3 Ins16bp) and one in CCR5 (CCR5Δ32) in sporadic breast cancer patients. Methods: DNA samplesof 80 breast cancer patients and 80 age and gender matched unrelated healthy control individuals from Punjab,North West India were analyzed. Results: For p.R72P, the genotype frequency was 13.8% (RR), 58.8% (RP),27.5% (PP) in patients and 33.9% (RR), 40.0% (RP), 26.5% (PP) in controls. For PIN3 Ins16bp, the genotypefrequencies were 53.75% (A1A1), 37.5% (A1A2), 8.75% (A2A2) in patients and 66.3% (A1A1), 31.3% (A1A2),2.5% (A2A2) in controls. Only 4 (5%) breast cancer patients were heterozygous for CCR5Δ32 deletion. CommonRR-A1A1-WT/WT genotype was lower while RP-A1A2-WT/WT genotype was higher in patients as comparedto controls. RP-A1A1-WT/WT genotype was significantly higher in patients as compared to control individuals(p = 0.008). Conclusion: Though a clear association of any particular genotype with sporadic breast cancer orstage was not apparent, the results of present study were suggestive that sporadic breast cancer patients withRR-A1A1-WT/WT genotype might have a better response to chemotherapy, thus improving their chances ofsurvival.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Polymorphism,Tp53,CCR5Δ32}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26662.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26662_7a32add1c8bb2d0f362972c39a369cb0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {MicroRNA Expression Profile Analysis Reveals Diagnostic Biomarker for Human Prostate Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3313-3317}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Prostate cancer is a highly prevalent disease in older men of the western world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) aresmall RNA molecules that regulate gene expression via posttranscriptional inhibition of protein synthesis. Toidentify the diagnostic potential of miRNAs in prostate cancer, we downloaded the miRNA expression profileof prostate cancer from the GEO database and analysed the differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs)in prostate cancerous tissue compared to non-cancerous tissue. Then, the targets of these DE-miRNAs wereextracted from the database and mapped to the STRING and KEGG databases for network construction andpathway enrichment analysis. We identified a total of 16 miRNAs that showed a significant differential expressionin cancer samples. A total of 9 target genes corresponding to 3 DE-miRNAs were obtained. After network andpathway enrichment analysis, we finally demonstrated that miR-20 appears to play an important role in theregulation of prostate cancer onset. MiR-20 as single biomarker or in combination could be useful in the diagnosisof prostate cancer. We anticipate our study could provide the groundwork for further experiments.}, keywords = {Prostate Cancer,MicroRNA,Network analysis,pathway enrichment}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26663.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26663_db2b16f9ffee7188a221b5b41874bf3a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Relationship Between the Prohibitin 3’ Untranslated Region C > T Gene Polymorphism and Cancer Susceptibility - Results of a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3319-3323}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The results from the published studies on the association between prohibitin 3’ untranslatedregion C > T gene polymorphism and cancer risk are conflicting. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluatethe relationship with cancer susceptibility overall, and to explore whether the T allele or TT genotype couldbecome a predictive marker for cancer risk. Methods: Association studies were identified from the databasesof PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library as of March 1, 2012, and eligible investigations were synthesizedusing the meta-analysis method. Results were expressed with odds ratios (OR) for dichotomous data, and 95%confidence intervals (CI) were also calculated. Results: Six investigations were identified for the analysis ofassociation between the prohibitin 3’ untranslated region C > T gene polymorphism and cancer risk, covering of1,461 patients with cancer and 1,197 controls. There was a positive association between the T allele and cancersusceptibility (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.03-1.39, P=0.02), and CC homozygous might play a protective role (OR=0.80,95% CI: 0.68-6.11, P=0.95). In the sub-group analysis, prohibitin 3’ untranslated region C > T gene polymorphismand cancer risk appeared associated with the risk of breast cancer, but not ovarian cancer. Conclusions: Ourresults indicate that T allele is a significant genetic molecular marker to predict cancer susceptibility and CCgenotype is protective, especially for breast cancer. However, more investigations are required to further clarifythe association of the prohibitin 3’ untranslated region C > T gene polymorphism with cancer susceptibility.}, keywords = {Prohibitin,3’ untranslated region,C > T gene polymorphism,Ovarian Cancer,breast cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26664.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26664_178e289293f3ba9b0b43cbb965095627.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Glulathione-S-transferases Gene Polymorphism in Prediction of Gastric Cancer Risk by Smoking and Helicobacter Pylori Infection Status}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3325-3328}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: To evaluate the association of glutathione S-transferases gene polymorphisms with the risk of gastriccancer, with reference to smoking and Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods: We conducted a 1:1 matched casecontrolstudy with 410 gastric cancer cases and 410 cancer-free controls. Polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 andGSTP1 were determined using PCR-CTPP. Results: The GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were significantlyassociated with the risk of gastric cancer after adjusting for potential confounding factors (OR=1.68, 95%CI=1.32-2.23 for null GSTM1, OR=1.73; 95% CI=1.24-2.13 for null GSTT1). The combination of null GSTM1and null GSTT1 conferred an elevated risk (OR=2.54, 95% CI=1.55-3.39). However, no association was foundfor GSTP1 polymorphism The smoking modified the association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes withthe risk of gastric cancer. Conclusion: GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are associated with increased risk ofgastric cancer, and smoking modifies the association.}, keywords = {GST M1,GST T1,GST P1,Polymorphism,Gastric cancer,smoking,H. pylori}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26665.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26665_bede681f50128bcba9afa52a0c20b66a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Multicentre Hospital-based Case-control Study of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma in Shanghai, China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3329-3334}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Several potential risk factors have been identified for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL);however, epidemiological studies investigating the association between these risk factors and DLBCL haveyielded inconsistent results. Objectives: To investigate potential medical, lifestyle, and environmental riskfactors of DLBCL in Shanghai, China through a hospital-based case-control study. Method: One-hundredand-forty-seven newly diagnosed DLBCL patients and 294 sex- and age-matched controls were recruited from11 hospitals in Shanghai between 2003 and 2007. A standardized structured questionnaire was used to obtainpatient data on demographics, medical history, family history, lifestyle, and environmental exposures. Conditionallogistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for riskassociated with each data category. Results: History of tuberculosis (TB) infection and “living on a farm” werepositively associated with DLBCL (TB: OR=3.05, 95% CI: 1.19-7.80; farm: OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.21-2.73). Incontrast, taking traditional Chinese medicine was negatively associated with DLBCL (OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.14-0.89). No significant correlation with DLBCL risk was found for any of the other potential risk factors (p>0.05),including but not limited to hair dyes, alcohol drinking, smoking, and home/workplace renovation within oneyear. Conclusions: Consistent with results from previous studies in other DLBCL case populations, traditionalChinese medicine appeared to have a direct or indirect protective effect against DLBCL. However, this studyalso identified a possible predisposition for DLBCL in TB sufferers and farmers.}, keywords = {Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,Epidemiology,Case-control study,risk factors,Environment,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26239.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26239_82dcb0870acc8e49fc082b0bcef9f5ad.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Trend Analysis of Gastric Cancer Incidence in Iran and Its Six Geographical Areas During 2000-2005}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3335-3341}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide . While it is one of the most commoncancers in Iran, there are only limited data regarding incidence trends in the country. This study is the first of itstype to investigate trends across six geographical areas during 2000-2005 using cancer registry data. Materialsand methods: The registered data for gastric cancer cases in National Cancer Registry System were extractedfrom the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Center for Disease Control & Management, code C16.First, according to WHO population, the sex-standardized incidence rate in both sexes and then the trends ofincidence rate during 2000-2005 were investigated separately for different geographical areas of the country.Results: the incidence rates of gastric cancer in Iran and its six geographical areas during 2000-2005 wereincreasing albeit with differences in their slopes. The overall incidence rate increased from 2.8 in 2000 to 9.1per 100,000 persons per year in 2005, rising from 4.1 to 13.2 in men. The average six-year incidence of gastriccancer in the central and northwestern border of Caspian Sea was 7.8 per 100,000 persons per year, while itwas 0.9 per 100,000 persons per year in the border of the Persian Gulf. Generally the incidence rate in men washigher than in women. Conclusion: Iran is one of the high-risk areas for gastric cancer. Increase in incidencemight continue in the future partly because of improvement in cancer registry systems as well as increase in riskof this cancer.}, keywords = {Gastric cancer,Incidence,Trend,geographical regions,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26240.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26240_603aa4db7d60d6cbdde85f872c09f6e7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Anticlastogenic Effect of Eryngium foetidum L. Assessed by Erythrocyte Micronucleus Assay}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3343-3347}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the anticlastogenicity as well as the clastogenicity of Eryngium foetidumleaf (EF) using the in vivo mouse peripheral blood erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Eighty ICR male mice werefed AIN-76 diet supplemented with ground freeze-dried EF at 0.0%, 0.8%, 1.6% and 3.2% for 2 weeks priorto the administration of both direct-acting, mitomycin C (MMC), and indirect-acting, 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) clastogens. Peripheral blood samples were collected from mice just before administrationof clastogen and at 24 and 48 h thereafter for MMC. Blood samples were collected at the same times and after72 h for DMBA. Then, reticulocytes in blood samples were counted using fluorescent microscopy. The resultsindicated that EF had no clastogenic effect in mice. All doses of diets supplemented with EF decreased the numberof micronucleated peripheral reticulocytes in all the MMC-treated groups in a dose dependent manner, butsignificant reduction was found only at 1.6% and 3.2% EF in the DMBA-treated groups. It can be concludedthat EF has no clastogenicity, but possesses anticlastogenic potential against both direct- and indirect-actingtypes of clastogen in mice.}, keywords = {Anticlastogenic,Eryngium foetidum,clastogenic,micronucleus,Mice}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26241.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26241_2da986e680b23f533cd8dc5b5b1cced3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognostically Significant Fusion Oncogenes in Pakistani Patients with Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and their Association with Disease Biology and Outcome}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3349-3355}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and objectives: Chromosomal abnormalities play an important role in genesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and have prognostic implications. Five major risk stratifying fusion genes in ALL are BCR-ABL, MLL-AF4, ETV6-RUNX11, E2A-PBX1 and SIL-TAL1. This work aimed to detect common chromosomal translocations and associated fusion oncogenes in adult ALL patients and study their relationship with clinical features and treatment outcome. Methods: We studied fusion oncogenes in 104 adult ALL patients using RT-PCR and interphase-FISH at diagnosis and their association with clinical characteristics and treatment outcome. Results: Five most common fusion genes i.e. BCR-ABL (t 9; 22), TCF3-PBX1 (t 1; 19), ETV6-RUNX1 (t 12; 21), MLL-AF4 (t 4; 11) and SIL-TAL1 (Del 1p32) were found in 82/104 (79%) patients. TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene was associated with lymphadenopathy, SIL-TAL positive patients had frequent organomegaly and usually presented with a platelets count of less than 50 x109/l. Survival of patients with fusion gene ETV6-RUNX1 was better when compared to patients harboring other genes. MLL-AF4 and BCR-ABL positivity characterized a subset of adult ALL patients with aggressive clinical behaviour and a poor outcome. Conclusions: This is the first study from Pakistan which investigated the frequency of 5 fusion oncogenes in adult ALL patients, and their association with clinical features, treatment response and outcome. Frequencies of some of the oncogenes weredifferent from those reported elsewhere and they appear to be associated with distinct clinical characteristics and treatment outcome. This information will help in the prognostic stratification and risk adapted management of adult ALL patients.}, keywords = {Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia,ALL,adult,fusion oncogenes,Pakistan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26666.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26666_b0cec45424291d023d0d43b6a6af2519.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Follow-Up Study of Survival of Patients with Advanced Cancer in a Hospice Setting}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3357-3360}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: This study was to present the survival of advanced cancer patients and explore the influence ofvarious factors on survival time as well as survival rate. The results provide guidelines for clinical practice ofcancer treatment. Methods: Follow-up of 674 advanced cancer patients was performed in a hospice. The mediansurvival time and survival rate were calculated, and survival analysis was carried out. Results: The mediansurvival time of all patients dying from cancer was 12.0 months and the average survival time was 25.1 months.The 1-year cumulative survival rate was 0.518±0.020 and the 5-year cumulative survival rate was 0.088±0.012.The following factors showed significant impacts on survival rate: gender, age, primary diagnosis, surgery andthe time when pain appeared. Conclusions: The survival time of patients with advanced cancer was relativelyshort. Major approaches to extend the survival time include early detection, early diagnosis, effective surgicaltreatment, pain control, reasonable supply of nutrients and multiple interventions.}, keywords = {advanced cancer,Survival time,Survival Analysis,Pain}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26667.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26667_0d031164a874cf36ff9db2ca84e45a87.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Knowledge about Gastric Carcinoma in North of Iran, A High Prevalent Region for Gastric Carcinoma: A Population-Based Telephone Survey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3361-3366}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background & Objectives: The most northern and northwestern regions of Iran are at a high risk for gastriccancer. The aim of this study was to assess the general population’s awareness about risk factors, symptoms andsigns, preventive methods and management of gastric carcinoma in a high prevalence city in the North of Iran.Methods: A cross-sectional population-based telephone survey which was conducted on 3,457 residents of Rasht,the capital city of Guilan Province, to assess their awareness regarding gastric carcinoma. The questionnairescontained demographic data and statements on respondents’ knowledge about risk factors, symptoms and signs,prevention and management of gastric cancer which were filled by general practitioners after asking the subjects.Data were analyzed in SPSS14. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean knowledge score of therespondents was 5.05±1.37 regarding risk factors of gastric carcinoma, 4.39±1.99 regarding symptoms and signs,6.0±1.22 regarding preventive strategies, and 1.6±1.16 regarding management. Totally the mean knowledge levelof the respondents toward gastric carcinoma would be 17.1±3.97 from the maximum grade of 29. The age groupof 45-55 y/o, bachelor degree and higher, physicians and nurses, those who had cancer history in friends or hadthe history of gastrointestinal diseases showed significantly higher knowledge scores (P=0.001). Conclusion:There is a general lack of awareness of cancer risk factors, symptoms and signs, methods of prevention, andimportance of early diagnosis and treatment. Educational programs should be developed to promote adherenceto recommended screening guidelines.}, keywords = {Knowledge,gastric carcinoma,population based planning,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26668.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26668_46519275440ebcc17d8805c5158b7e81.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {HDAC6 siRNA Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of HeLa Cells and its Related Molecular Mechanism}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3367-3371}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate the effects of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) siRNA on cell proliferation and cellapoptosis of the HeLa cervical carcinoma cell line and the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods: Divisionwas into three groups: A, the untreated group; B, the control siRNA group; and C, the HDAC6 siRNA group.Lipofectamine 2000 was used for siRNA transfection, and Western blot analysis was used to determine the proteinlevels. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were characterized using a CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively.Results: HDAC6 protein expression in the HDAC6 siRNA-transfection group was significantly lower (P < 0.05)than in the untreated and control siRNA groups. The CCK-8 kit results demonstrated that the proliferation ofHeLa cells was clearly inhibited in the HDAC6 siRNA transfection group (P < 0.05). In addition, flow cytometryrevealed that the early apoptotic rate (26.0% ± 0.87%) was significantly elevated (P < 0.05) as compared withthe untreated group (10.6% ± 1.19%) and control siRNA group (8.61% ± 0.98%). Furthermore, Western blotanalysis indicated that bcl-2 protein expression in the HDAC6 siRNA–transfection group was down-regulated,whereas the expression of p21 and bax was up-regulated. Conclusion: HDAC6 plays an essential role in theoccurrence and development of cervical carcinoma, and the down-regulation of HDAC6 expression may beuseful molecular therapeutic method.}, keywords = {Histone deacetylase 6,RNA interference,Cell proliferation,cell apoptosis,molecular target}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26669.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26669_aa98614dc16f99eec29e2ccc8d5352d5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Iranian Patients and Risk Factors in Young Adults: a Fifteen-Year Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3373-3378}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 8th most common cancer worldwide.Although older age, male gender, smoking and alcohol consumption are known risk factors, an increasingnumber of HNSCC patients are without typical risk factors. Our aim was to define demographics of HNSCCin Iran and the potential risk factors related to Iranian ethnicity and lifestyle. Methods: We conducted a crosssectionalanalytical study on 262 patients with primary SCC of the larynx, hypopharynx or tongue referred toour pathology department during 1995-2010. Patients’ demographics, tumor characteristics and risk factorssuch as smoking, alcohol consumption and anemia were analyzed and compared in two groups of patients:over 40 years (older group) and 40 years or less (young group); Chi-square and Mann-Whitney analytical testswere employed. Results: 5.7% of patients were young adults. The male to female ratio was 1.5 in the youngergroup and 5.6 in the older group. In young adults, 40% of tumors were located in larynx and 40% in the tongue.Age >40 was significantly associated with laryngeal location (P<0.001). History of smoking and drinking wassignificantly associated with age >40 and SCC of larynx in both age groups. Cervical lymph node involvementwas significantly correlated with SCC of tongue (P<0.001), however, considering young adults only, SCC ofhypopharynx was most frequently accompanied by lymph node involvement (60%). The most prevalent tumoramong men was SCC of larynx whereas SCC of hypopharynx was the most prevalent tumor among women(61%), of whom 18.2% were ≤40. Conclusions: The incidence of HNSCC among young adults seems to be higherin Iran compared to other countries. Reduction in exposure to known risk factors, especially tobacco smokingin forms of cigarettes and bubble pipes, and search for other causative agents of HNSCC in young populationis recommended.}, keywords = {Head and neck - squamous cell carcinoma - risk factors,smoking - young adults - Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26670.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26670_e125426ecbca1aa784852198982bedf1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Relationships of uPA and VEGF Expression in Esophageal Cancer and Microvascular Density with Tumorous Invasion and Metastasis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3379-3383}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate uPA and VEGF expression in esophageal cancer and relations with tumorous invasionand metastasis. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect uPA and VEGF expression in the normalepithelial tissue of esophageal mucosa and cancer tissue and detect CD34 labeled micrangium and analyze therelationships with clinical pathological features and tumor angiogenesis. Results: Positive rates for uPA andVEGF protein expression were significantly greater in esophageal cancer than normal epithelial tissue (P < 0.05),the two being linked (P <0.05). In addition, uPA and VEGF protein expression of the high microvessel density(MVD) group was significantly lower than in the low MVD group (P < 0.05), with relation to clinical pathologicalstaging, differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In esophageal cancer tissue, uPA andVEGF proteins are overexpressed and promote tumor angiogenesis, indicative of a poor prognosis.}, keywords = {uPA,VEGF,Esophageal Cancer,Angiogenesis,immunohistochemistry}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26671.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26671_199b04190e114de29ef5cfa4f36ad78a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Assessment of Biochemical Profiles in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3385-3388}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The study was conducted to assess biochemical profiles in premenopausal and postmenopausalwomen having breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A hospital based case control study was carried outat Manipal Teaching Hospital (MTH), Pokhara, Nepal. The analysed variables were age, metabolic profileincluding total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, blood sugar, insulin concentration, C-peptide, HbA1cand selenium. Descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis were used for the analysis using EPI INFO andSPSS 16 software. Results: In premenopausal women, significant differences were noted for total cholesterol (Pvalue <0.001), triglycerides (P value 0.002), HbA1c level (P value <0.001), insulin concentration (P value 0.030),C-peptide concentration (P value 0.001), and selenium (P value <0.001) between cases and controls. Insignificantresults were found for HDL-C (P value 0.749), LDL-C (P value 0.933), blood sugar (P value 0.59) and BMI (Pvalue 0.746). Similarly, significant difference in total cholesterol (P value <0.001), triglycerides (P value 0.001),LDL-C (P value <0.001), HDL-C (P value 0.025), blood sugar (P value <0.001), insulin concentration (P value<0.001), c-peptide concentration (P value <0.001), HbA1c level (P value <0.001) and selenium (P value <0.001)were observed for postmenopausal patients and controls. Conclusions: Assessing metabolic changes and theirmanagement may be important for control of breast cancer and increased survival.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Premenopausal,postmenopausal,Nepal}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26672.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26672_e1bdabb4fa509cda88f5a7345745da71.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Meta Analysis of Studies about Breast Self Examination between 2000-2009 in Turkey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3389-3397}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze studies in Turkey about self-breast examination and produceconclusive, reliable and detailed basis for future studies. Methods: Studies performed between 2000 and 2009(until the end of September) were retrieved from databases using breast cancer, breast examination, breastcancer screening and risk factors as key words. Fifty-nine studies were identified and 18 of them (15 journalarticles and three theses) were used for the meta-analysis. Results: Married women and women with a familyhistory of breast cancer were found to perform self-breast examination more frequently than single women andwomen without a family history of breast cancer, respectively (OR=1.02 %CI 0.82-1.63; OR=1.16 %CI 0.82-1.63).According to the health belief model scales, women performing self-breast examination were determined to have1.7 times higher susceptibility (OR=1.70), 1.34 times higher seriousness perception (OR=1.34), 3.32 times higherhealth motivation (OR=3.32), 5.21 times more self-efficacy/confidence (OR=5.21) and 2.56 times higher self-breastexamination benefit perception (OR=2.56). Conclusion: Nursing care models caused an increase in self-breastexamination by women, and thus, it may be useful to organize and evaluate such health-related programs andconsider women health perceptions.}, keywords = {Breast cancer- breast self examination- meta analysis- nursing- Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26673.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26673_7094ec07b9c71765f560dc64dd84dc69.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prevalence of OV Infection in Yasothon Province, Northeast Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3399-3402}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {A liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrrini (OV), is the major cause of the high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand. The prevalence of OV infection remains high in various parts of the country, especially in Northeast Thailand and particularly in wetland rural areas where a large proportion of the community work in agricultureand continue the traditional practice of eating raw or uncooked cyprinoid fish products. The national control program seems to have had little impact in many of these areas, and it has been difficult to make precise assessments of the overall effectiveness of the program. This paper is the first report of prospective research project designed to monitor the impact of the national control program in rural communities located in a northeastern province and at high risk of OV infection. The participants in this initial survey were 1,569 villagers, aged 20-65 years, living in two subdistricts of Yasothon Province. Stool examinations showed that 38.68% were infected with OV. Males were slightly more likely to be infected than females, but the difference was not statistically significant. Infection was found to be positively associated with age in both males and females. The preliminary data indicate that the population selected for study is suitable for the purpose of the monitoring project.}, keywords = {Prevalence,Opisthorchis viverrini,control programs,rural Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26674.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26674_96a8f86b2fed6c81723114a275b5423c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {RALY RNA Binding Protein-like Reduced Expression is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3403-3408}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) arestill unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between expression of RALYL and clinicalcharacteristics. In 41 paired samples of ccRCCs and adjacent normal tissues, we used real-time qPCR to evaluatethe expression of RALYL mRNA. RALYL protein levels were determined in 146 samples of ccRCC and 37adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was used to explore the relationshipsbetween expression of RALYL and the clinical characteristics (gender, age, tumor size, T stage, N stage, M stage,survival times and survival outcome) in ccRCC. In addition, these patients were follow-up period 64 months(range: 4~116months) to investigate the influence on prognosis. We found significantly differences between ccRCCtissues and normal tissues (p<0.001, paired-sample t test) in mRNA levels of RALYL. Immunohistochemistryanalyses in 146 ccRCC samples and 37 adjacent normal tissues showed significantly lower RALYL protein levelsin ccRCC samples (χ2-test, p<0.001), inversely correlating with tumour size (p=0.024), T stage (0.005), N stage(p<0.001) as well as M stage (p=0.019), but not age (p=0.357) and gender (p=0.348) . Kaplan-Meier survivalanalysis demonstrated that people with lower level of RALYL expression had a poorer survival rate than thosewith a higher level of RALYL expression, significantly different by the log-rank test (p=0.011). Cox regressionanalysis indicated that RALYL expression (p=0.039), N stage (p=0.008) and distant metastasis (p<0.001) wereindependent prognosis factors for the overall survival of ccRCC patients. We demonstrated that the expressionof RALYL was significantly low in ccRCC and correlated with a poor prognosis in a large number of clinicalsamples. Our findings showed that RALYL may be a potential therapeutic target as well as a poor prognosticfactor.}, keywords = {Clear cell renal cell carcinomas,RALYL,clinical characteristics,Prognosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26676.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26676_c499bce6845bcfaf788bdbb167878adc.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {CYP1A1 Gene Polymorphisms: Modulator of Genetic Damage in Coal-Tar Workers}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3409-3416}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: It is well known that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo (a) pyrene have carcinogenicproperties and may cause many types of cancers in human populations. Genetic susceptibility might be due tovariation in genes encoding for carcinogen metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P-450 (CYP450). Our studyaimed to investigate the effect of genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 (m1 and m2) on genetic damage in 115 coaltarworkers exposed to PAHs at their work place. Methods: Genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 were determinedby the PCR-RFLP method. Comet and buccal micronucleus assays were used to evaluate genetic damageamong 115 coal tar workers and 105 control subjects. Results: Both CYP1A1 m1 and CYP1A1 m2 heterozygousand homozygous (wt/mt+mt/mt) variants individually as well as synergistically showed significant association(P<0.05) with genetic damage as measured by tail moment (TM) and buccal micronuclei (BMN) frequencies incontrol and exposed subjects. Conclusion: In our study we found significant association of CYP1A1 m1 and m2heterozygous (wt/mt)+homozygous (mt/mt) variants with genetic damage suggesting that these polymorphismsmay modulate the effects of PAH exposure in occupational settings.}, keywords = {PAHs,Genetic damage,tail moment,coal-tar workers,CYP1A1,buccal micronuclei}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26677.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26677_99eb2988da0c50f69e699cc0cf903122.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Lack of Association Between LIG4 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A HuGE Review and Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3417-3422}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is one of the pathways of repair of DNA double-strandbreaks. A number of genes involved in NHEJ have been implicated as breast cancer susceptibility genes such asLIG4. However, some studies have generated conflicting results. The aim of this Human Genome Epidemiology(HuGE) review and meta-analysis was to investigate association between LIG4 gene polymorphisms in the NHEJpathway and breast cancer risk. Methods: Studies focusing on the relationship between LIG4 gene polymorphismsand susceptibility to breast cancer were selected from the Pubmed, Cochrane library, Embase, Web of Science,Springerlink, CNKI and CBM databases. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers and the meta-analysiswas performed with Review Manager Version 5.1.6 and STATA Version 12.0 software, calculating odds ratios(ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results: According to the inclusion criteria, we final includedseven studies with a total of 10,321 breast cancer cases and 10,160 healthy controls in the meta-analysis. Theresults showed no association between LIG4 gene polymorphisms (rs1805386 T>C, rs1805389 C>T, rs1805388C>T and rs2232641 A>G) and breast cancer risk, suggesting that the mutant situation of these SNPs neitherincreased nor decreased the risk for breast cancer. In the subgroup analysis by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(HWE) and ethnicity, we also found no associations between the variants of LIG4 gene and breast cancer riskamong HWE, non-HWE, Caucasians, Asians and Africans. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that thereis a lack of any association between LIG4 gene polymorphisms and the risk of breast cancer.}, keywords = {LIG4,Polymorphism,mutation rate,breast cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26678.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26678_e25b37fce4f92d89c6a7ac91149a33f2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Rapid Detection of Ovarian Cancer from Immunized Serum Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Immunosensor}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3423-3426}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The objective of this study was to measure the antibody content of NuTu-19 ovarian cancercells in serum samples using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) immunosensor. Materials and Methods:NuTu-19 cells were first cultured onto the electrode surfaces of crystals in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium,and then specified amounts of immunized serum samples of immunized rabbit were also added. The change inmass caused by specific adsorbtion of antibodies of NuTu-19 to the surfaces of the crystals was detected. Results:The change in resonance frequency of crystals caused by immobilization of NuTu-19 cells was from 83 to 429Hz.The antibody content of NuTu-19 detected was 341ng/ul. The frequency shifts were linearly dependent on theamount of antibody mass in the range of 69 to 340ng. The positive detection rate and the negative detection ratewere 80% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: This immunoassay provides a viable alternative to other earlyovarian cancer detection methods and is particularly suited for health screening of the general population.}, keywords = {Ovariabn cancer,Detection,Quartz crystal microbalance,Immunosensor,NuTu-19}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26679.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26679_0254b9f2664b67162136f1a8f796080f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {TNM Stages and Prognostic Features of Colorectal and Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Patients: a Meta Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3427-3430}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: The significance of the mucinous adenocarcinoma in TNM staging and prognosis for colorectal tumorpatients is still controversial. The aim was to provide a meta-analysis for TNM staging and prognostic featuresof colorectal tumors. Methods: 30 individual case-control studies were finally included into this meta-analysis,involving a total of 444,489 cancer cases and 45,050 mucinous adenocarcinomas, of relations with TNM stagingand prognostic features. Results: Compared to non-mucinous adenocarcinoma patients, the TNM IV stageaccounted for a larger percentage of mucinous adenocarcinomas (OR=1.48, 95%CI 1.28-1.71, POR<0.001) andthe prognosis was significantly poor (HR=1.06, 95%CI 1.04-1.08, P<0.001). After heterogeneity testing, the resultswas similar to the holistic approach outcome (HR=1.48, 95%CI 1.35-1.62, P<0.001). Conclusion: Compared topatients with non-mucinous adenocarcinomas, mucinous adenocarcinoma patients with later TNM staging makeup a big percentage, and mucinous adenocarcinoma is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis.}, keywords = {Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma,TNM,Prognosis,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26680.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26680_d409b073733ebc93a9182ff29f3ade31.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association of Functional Polymorphisms of the XRCC4 Gene with the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3431-3436}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: X-ray cross-complementing group 4 (XRCC4) is a major repair gene for DNA double-strand breaks(DSB) in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway. Several potentially functional polymorphisms of theXRCC4 gene have been implicated in breast cancer risk, but individually published studies showed inconclusiveresults. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between XRCC4 polymorphisms and therisk of breast cancer. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of science and CBM databases were searchedfor all relevant articles published up to June 20, 2012. Potential associations were assessed with comparisons ofthe total mutation rate (TMR), complete mutation rate (CMR) and partial mutation rate (PMR) in cases andcontrols. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.1.6 and STATA 12.0 software. Results: Five studieswere included with a total of 5,165 breast cancer cases and 4,839 healthy controls. Meta-analysis results showedthat mutations of rs2075686 (C>T) and rs6869366 (G>T) in the XRCC4 gene were associated with increasedrisk of breast cancer, while rs2075685 (G>T) and rs10057194 (A>G) might decrease the risk of breast cancer.However, rs1805377 (A>G), rs1056503 (G>T), rs28360317 (ins>del) and rs3734091 (A>G) polymorphisms ofXRCC4 gene did not appear to have an influence on breast cancer susceptibility. Conclusion: Results from thecurrent meta-analysis suggest that the rs2075685 (G>T) and rs6869366 (G>T) polymorphisms of the XRCC4 genemight increase the risk of breast cancer, whereas rs2075685 (G>T) and rs10057194 (A>G) might be protectivefactors.}, keywords = {XRCC4,Polymorphism,Mutation,breast cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26681.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26681_8ddb46b6f4c582d9f29cad5712c17cf0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The Clinicopathological Significance of Bmi-1 Expression in Pathogenesis and Progression of Gastric Carcinomas}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3437-3441}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Oncogenic Bmi-1 (B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1) belongs to the Polycomb- group (PcG) family of proteins and plays an important role in the regulation of proliferation, senescence, cell cycle and apoptosis, chromosome stability, activation of gene transcription. Methods: To clarify the roles of Bmi-1 in tumourigenesis and progression of gastric carcinomas, it was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time RT-PCR in gastric carcinomas, dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastritis with a comparison of its expression with clinicopathological parameters of carcinomas. Results: There was gradually increased Bmi-1 protein expression from gastritis, IM, dyplasia to carcinoma (p<0.001). Bmi-1 expression was positively linked to tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and worse prognosis of carcinomas (p<0.001), but not to age or sex of carcinoma patients (p>0.05). There was higher Bmi-1 protein expression in intestinal- type carcinomas than diffuse-type ones (p<0.001). At mRNA level, Bmi-1 protein expression was increased from gastritis, IM, dysplasia and carcinoma (p<0.001). Bmi-1 overexpression was observed in gastric carcinoma with larger diameter, deeper invasion, lymph node metastasis, and intestinal-type carcinoma (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that up-regulated Bmi-1 expression is positively linked to pathogenesis, growth, invasion, metastasis and differentiation of gastric carcinomas. It was considered as a promising marker to indicate the aggressive behaviors and prognosis of gastric carcinomas.}, keywords = {Bmi-1,gastric carcinoma,Pathogenesis,progression,Prognosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26682.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26682_346973887f59e1dfc4bfc4aab765c980.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Predictors of Breast Cancer Screening Uptake: A Pre Intervention Community Survey in Malaysia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3443-3449}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Despite health education efforts to educate women on breast cancer and breast cancer screeningmodalities, the incidence of breast cancer and presentation at an advanced stage are still a problem in Malaysia.Objectives: To determine factors associated with the uptake of breast cancer screening among women in thegeneral population. Methods: This pre-intervention survey was conducted in a suburban district. All householdswere approached and women aged 20 to 60 years old were interviewed with pre-tested guided questionnaires.Variables collected included socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge on breast cancer and screeningpractice of breast cancer. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Results: 41.5% of a total of381 respondents scored above average; the mean knowledge score on causes and risks factors of breast cancerwas 3.41 out of 5 (SD1.609). 58.5% had ever practiced BSE with half of them performing it at regular monthlyintervals. Uptake of CBE by nurses and by doctors was 40.7% and 37.3%, respectively. Mammogram uptakewas 14.6%. Significant predictors of BSE were good knowledge of breast cancer (OR=2.654, 95% CI: 1.033-6.816), being married (OR=2.213, 95% CI: 1.201-4.076) and attending CBE (OR=1.729, 95% CI: 1.122-2.665).Significant predictors for CBE included being married (OR=2.161, 95% CI: 1.174-3.979), good knowledge ofbreast cancer (OR=2.286, 95% CI: 1.012-5.161), and social support for breast cancer screening (OR=2.312, 95%CI: 1.245-4.293). Women who had CBE were more likely to undergo mammographic screening of the breast(OR=5.744, 95% CI: 2.112-15.623), p<0.005. Conclusion: CBE attendance is a strong factor in promoting BSEand mammography, educating women on the importance of breast cancer screening and on how to conduct BSE.The currently opportunistic conduct of CBE should be extended to active calling of women for CBE.}, keywords = {breast cancer,BSE,CBE,Mammogram,predictors of breast cancer screening}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26683.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26683_c3070d67ed4e6f7ba84adfb7d20c413c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Survival Rate and Prognostic Factors of Esophageal Cancer in East Azerbaijan Province, North-west of Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3451-3454}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Esophageal cancer in Iran is the sixth most common cancer and is particularly important ineast Azerbaijan. The aim of this study was to calculate survival rates and define prognostic factors in esophagealcancer patients. Methods: In this study, all patients with esophageal cancer registered in the Radiation TherapyCenter, during March 2006 to March 2011, were analyzed and followed up for vital status. Data were analyzedusing the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Out of 532 patients, survivalinformation was available for 460, including 205 (44/ 5%) females and 255 (55/4%) males. The mean age was65.8±12.2, ranging from 29 to 90 years at the time of diagnosis. 1- , 3- and 5-year survival rates after diagnosiswere 55%, 18% and 12%, respectively, with a median survival time of 13.2 ± .7 (CI 95% =11.8 -14.6) months. Inthe univariate analysis, age (P=0/001), education (P=0/001), smoking status (P= 0/001), surgery (P= 0/001), tumordifferentiation (P= 0/003) and tumor stage (P= 0/001) were significant prognostic factors. Tumor morphology,sex, place of residence, tumor histology and tumor location did not show any significant effects on the survivalrate. In multivariate analysis, age (P = 0/003), smoking (P= 0/01) and tumor stage (P= 0/001) were significantindependent predictors of survival. Conclusion: In summary, prognosis of esophageal cancer in North Westof Iran is poor. Therefore, reduction in exposure to risk factors and early detection should be emphasized toimprove survival.}, keywords = {Esophageal Cancer,survival,Prognosis,Kaplan-Meier,Cox proportional hazard model,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26684.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26684_be9c1d203ccf6dcdd1ad49b8890af311.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Follow up of Atypical Squamous Cell Pap Smears in Iraqi Women}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3455-3460}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: To report the prevalence of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and atypicalsquamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesions and to determine the possible association ofPap test results with high-risk human papillomavirus and high squamous intraepithelial lesions in women fromDuhok, Iraq. Design: A prospective, observational study was conducted between January 2005 and December2011. Overall, 596 women with a cervicovaginal Pap test showing atypical squamous cells of undeterminedsignificance and 93 atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesion for whompathologic follow-up was available were studied. Follow-up consisted of repeat cytology, colposcopy and histology.High risk human papillomavirus DNA testing was performed on exfoliated cervical cells from 106 women, usingconventional PCR after at least 36 months from the initial Pap smear. Results: Significantly high proportions ofboth atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (87.9%) and atypical squamous cells-cannot excludehigh squamous intraepithelial lesion (62.4%) demonstrated no significant lesion on subsequent follow up. Lowsquamous intraepithelial lesions were observed in 1.7% of cases of atypical squamous cells of undeterminedsignificance and in 5.4% of atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesion. Highsquamous intraepithelial lesion was demonstrated in 0.8% and 16.1% respectively. In the latter there was alsoone case of invasive carcinoma. High-risk HPV DNA was demonstrated in 40% of atypical squamous cells ofundetermined significance and 57.1% of atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepitheliallesions. Conclusions: Since both atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and atypical squamouscells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesion identify patients who are at an increased risk for thedevelopment of high squamous intraepithelial lesions and a considerable percentage harbor high risk-HPV,both should be retained as diagnostic categories and patients warrant a diligent follow up and testing for highrisk-HPV DNA. Colposcopic evaluation and biopsy, when indicated, are a must.}, keywords = {Pap smear,ASCUS,ASC-H,high-risk HPV-DNA}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26685.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26685_5001a3dd6f023927f13afbbe0dea06e9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association Between Polymorphisms of Dihydrofolate Reductase and Gamma Glutamyl Hydrolase Genes and Toxicity of High Dose Methotrexate in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3461-3464}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Methotrexate (MTX) is an important drug for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL). However, related toxicity occurs in many organs which may cause interruption of treatment, morbidity,and mortality. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and gamma glutamylhydrolase (GGH) are known to alter their enzymatic activity and thus affect the metabolism of MTX and influencethe effectiveness. Therefore, we hypothesized that genetic variations of DHFR and GGH genes may influencethe risk of toxicity after high dose MTX. The study population comprised of 105 children with ALL who weretreated according to the modified St Jude Total XV protocol. The patients received 2.5 or 5 g/m2 of MTX for 5doses during the consolidation phase. Genotyping of DHFR 829C>T and GGH -401C>T was performed usinga polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The GGH-401CT andTT genotypes were associated with increased risk of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia after high dose MTX(OR 2.97, 95%CI; 1.24-7.13 and OR 4.02, 95%CI; 1.58-10.26). DHFR 829C>T was not associated with toxicity.In conclusion, the GGH -401CT and TT genotypes were found to increase the risk of severe leukopenia andthrombocytopenia after exposure to high dose MTX for childhood ALL therapy.}, keywords = {Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia,methotrexate,Toxicity,DHFR,GGH,polymorphisms}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26686.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26686_5f3c63edcc35eb4497a74916b7a043c5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {GSTP1, ERCC1 and ERCC2 Polymorphisms, Expression and Clinical Outcome of Oxaliplatin-based Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer in Chinese Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3465-3469}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: Platinum agents have shown to be effective in the treatment of colorectal cancer. We assessed whethersingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GSTP1, ERCC1 Asn118Asn and ERCC2 Lys751Gln might predictthe overall survival in patients receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in a Chinese population. Methods:SNPs of GSTP1, ERCC1 Asn118Asn and ERCC2 Lys751Gln in 335 colorectal cancer patients were assessedusing TaqMan nuclease assays. Results: At the time of final analysis on Nov. 2011, the median follow-up periodwas 37.7 months (range from 1 to 60 months). A total of 229 patients died during follow-up. Our study showedGSTP1 Val/Val (HR=0.44, 95% CI=0.18-0.98), ERCC1 C/C (HR=0.20, 95% CI=0.10-0.79) and ERCC2 G/G(HR=0.48, 95% CI=0.19-0.97) to be significantly associated with better survival of colorectal cancer. GSTP1Val/Val, ERCC1 C/C and ERCC2 G/G were also related to longer survival among patients with colon cancer,with HRs (95% CIs) of 0.41 (0.16-0.91), 0.16 (0.09-0.74) and 0.34 (0.16-0.91), respectively. Conclusion: GSTP1,GSTP1, ERCC1 Asn118Asn and ERCC2 Lys751Gln genotyping might facilitate tailored oxaliplatin-basedchemotherapy for colorectal cancer patients.}, keywords = {GSTP1,ERCC1 Asn118Asn,ERCC2 Lys751Gln,colorectal cancer,Chemotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26687.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26687_632dafbd2884ec3a49f9811917568717.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Trichostatin A Enhances Antitumor Effects of Docetaxel or Erlotinib in A549 Cell Line}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3471-3476}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Objective: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a promising class of potentialanticancer agents for treatment of human malignancies. In this study, we investigated the effect of trichostatinA (TSA), one such HDAC inhibitor, in combination with docetaxel (TXT), a cytotoxic chemotherapy agent orerlotinib, a novel molecular target therapy drug, on lung cancer A549 cells. Methods: A549 cells were treated withTXT, erlotinib alone or in combination with TSA, respectively. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle distributionwere evaluated using MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, Hochst33258staining and flow cytometry. Moreover, immunofluorescent staining and Western blot analysis were employedto examine alterations of α-tubulin, heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR),and caspase-3 in response to the different exogenous stimuli. Results: Compared with single-agent treatment,co-treatment of A549 cells with TSA/TXT or TSA/erlotinib synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, inducedapoptosis, and caused cell cycle delay at the G2/M transition. Treatment with TSA/TXT or TSA/erlotinib ledto a significant increase of cleaved caspase-3 expression, also resulting in elevated acetylation of α-tubulin orhsp90 and decreased expression of EGFR, which was negatively associated with the level of acetylated hsp90.Conclusions: Synergistic anti-tumor effects are observed between TXT or erlotinib and TSA on lung cancercells. Such combinations may provide a more effective strategy for treating human lung cancer.}, keywords = {TrichostatinA,Docetaxel,erlotinib,α-tubulin,HSP90,epidermal growth factor receptor}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26688.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26688_2f8f374ecd0d7bfe20a86e01b92112f8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Oxaliplatin Sensitizes OS Cells to TRAIL-induced Apoptosis Via Down-regulation of Mcl1}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3477-3481}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: To investigate the killing effect on OS cells of a combination of oxaliplatin and TRAIL and relatedmolecular mechanisms. Methods: TRAIL and oxaliplatin were applied to OS732 cells singly or jointly andsurvival inhibition rates were measured by MTT assay, changes of cellular shape being assessed with invertedphase contrast and fluorescence microscopy. Apoptotic rates were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) andimmunocytochemistry was used to examine Mcl1 expression of OS732 cells. Results: The survival inhibition rateof combined application of 100 μg/ml TRAIL and 1 μg/ml oxaliplatin on OS-732 cells was significantly higherthan that of either agent singly (p<0.01). Changes of cellular shape and apoptotic rates also indicated apoptosisinducingeffects of combined application to be much stronger than those of individual application. Oxaliplatin hadthe effect of down-regulating Mcl1 expression and sensitizing OS cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Conclusion:A combination of TRAIL and oxaliplatin exerts strong killing effects on OS-732 cells which might be related todown-regulation of Mcl1 expression.}, keywords = {osteosarcoma,TRAIL,Oxaliplatin,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26689.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26689_50dda51c73f2573412f33cb7e6623443.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {TERT rs2736098 Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: Results of a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3483-3488}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Several studies have demonstrated associations between the TERT rs2736098 single nucleotidepolymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to cancer development. However, there are conflicting results. Asystematic meta-analysis was therefore performed to establish the cancer risk associated with the polymorphism.Methods: In this meta-analysis, a total of 6 case-control studies, including 5,567 cases and 6,191 controls, wereincluded. Crude odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the strength of associations inseveral genetic models. Results: Our results showed no association reaching the level of statistical significancefor overall risk. Interestingly, in the stratified analyses (subdivided by ethnicity), significantly increased riskswere found in the Asian subgroup which indicates the TERT rs2736098 polymorphism may have controversialinvolvement in cancer susceptibility. Conclusions: Overall, this meta-analysis indicates that the TERT rs2736098polymorphism may have little involvement in cancer susceptibility.}, keywords = {Telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT),Polymorphism,cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26690.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26690_bf55d49e5e866467d5572431cee2e379.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Hypermethylation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3489-3493}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary hepatic tumor, is highly prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region, including Thailand. Many genetic and epigenetic alterations in HCC have been elucidated. Theaim of this study was to determine whether aberrant methylation of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 gene(SOCS1) occurs in HCCs. Methylation specific-PCR assays were performed to identify the methylation statusof SOCS1 in 29 tumors and their corresponding normal liver tissues. An abnormal methylation status wasdetected in 17 (59%), with a higher prevalence of aberrant SOCS1 methylation significantly correlating withHCC treated without chemotherapy (OR=0.04, 95%CI=0.01-0.31; P=0.001). This study suggests that epigeneticaberrant SOCS1 methylation may be a predictive marker for HCC patients.}, keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,DNA Methylation,SOCS1,methylation-specific PCR}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26691.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26691_3029aa566f1decb9c3c7ad8707ad0857.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Diagnostic Value of Interleukin 21 and Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels in Malignant Pleural Effusions}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3495-3499}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of interleukin 21(IL-21) and carcinoembryonicantigen (CEA) in tuberculous pleural effusions (TPEs) and malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). Pleuraleffusion samples from 103 patients were classified on the basis of diagnosis as TPE (n=51) and MPE (n=52). Theconcentration of IL-21 was determined by ELISA. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenosine dehydrogenase(ADA) and CEA levels were also determined in all patients. A significant difference was observed in the levelsof ADA and CEA (P<0.01), but not in the levels of LDH (P>0.05) between TPE and MPE. The concentration ofIL-21 in MPE was significantly higher compared to TPE (P<0.01). With a threshold value of 4.32 pg/ml, IL-21had a sensitivity of 76.9% (40/52) and a specificity of 80.4% (41/51). Combined detection of IL-21 and CEAhad a sensitivity of 69.2% (36/52) and a specificity of 92.2% (47/51). These two markers can contribute to thedifferential diagnosis of MPEs.}, keywords = {Interleukin 21,Carcinoembryonic Antigen,malignant pleural effusion,tuberculous pleural effusion}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26692.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26692_aaf0b49d3b2cc7097fbca0a5e6c4fe85.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {CHEK2 1100delC Variant and Breast Cancer Risk in Caucasians: A Meta-analysis Based on 25 Studies with 29,154 Cases and 37,064 Controls}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3501-3505}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Links between the CHEK2 1100delC heterozygote and breast cancer risk have been extensively explored.However, both positive and negative associations with this variant have been reported in individual studies. Fora detailed assessment of the CHEK2 1100delC heterozygote and breast cancer risk, relevant studies published asrecently as May 2012 were identified using PUBMED and EMBASE and selected using a priori defined criteria.The strength of the relationship between the CHEK2 1100delC variant and breast cancer risks was assessed byodds ratios (ORs) under the fixed effects model. A total of 29,154 cases and 37,064 controls from 25 case-controlstudies were identified in this meta-analysis. The CHEK2 1100delC heterozygote was more frequently detectedin cases than in controls (1.34% versus 0.44%). A significant association was found between CHEK2 1100delCheterozygote and breast cancer risk (OR=2.75, 95% CI: [2.25, 3.36]). The ORs and CIs were 2.33 (95% CI: [1.79,3.05]), 3.72 (95% CI: [2.61, 5.31]) and 2.78 (95% CI: [2.28, 3.39]) respectively in unselected, family, early-onsetbreast cancer subgroups. The CHEK2 1100delC variant could be a potential factor for increased breast cancerrisk in Caucasians. However, more consideration is needed in order to apply it to allele screening or other clinicalwork.}, keywords = {breast cancer,CHEK2,1100delC variant,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26713.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26713_955d819e71c75c6b78827c5c9394511e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Silencing of Lysyl Oxidase Gene Expression by RNA Interference Suppresses Metastasis of Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3507-3511}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate possible mechanisms of LOX gene effects on invasion andmetastasis of breast cancer cells by RNA interference. Methods: LOX-RNAi-LV was designed, synthesized, andthen transfected into a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Expression of LOX, MMP-2 and MMP-9 wasdetermined by real-time PCR, and protein expression of LOX by Western blotting. Cell migration and invasivenesswere assessed with Transwell chambers. A total of 111 cases of breast cancer tissues, cancer-adjacent normalbreast tissues, and 20 cases of benign lesion tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Expressionof LOX mRNA and protein was suppressed, and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was significantly lowerin the RNAi group than the control group (P<0.05), after LOX-RNAi-LV was transfection into MDA-MB-231cells. Migration and invasion abilities were obviously inhibited. The expression of LOX protein in breast cancer,cancer-adjacent normal breast tissues and benign breast tumor were 48.6% (54/111), 26.1% (29/111), 20.0% (4/20),respectively, associations being noted with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor size and ER, PR, HER2,but not age. LOX protein was positively correlated with MMP-2 and MMP-9. Conclusion: LOX displayed animportant role in invasion and metastasis of breast cancer by regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression whichprobably exerted synergistic effects on the extracellular matrix (ECM).}, keywords = {breast cancer,lysyl oxidase,RNA interference (RNAi),Metastasis,Matrix Metalloproteinases}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26714.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26714_a80cc5d961111ecc1497c5bd605b737d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Cancer Patients - Case-control Study from Western Nepal}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3513-3517}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: The present study assess the effect of consumption of alcohol on oxidative stress and antioxidant statusin patients suffering from different types of cancer. Methods: This hospital based case control study conductedin the Western part of Nepal covered a total of 93 cancer patients with or without alcohol intake and smokinghabits, along with 94 age, sex and habit-matched individuals serving as controls. Plasma thiobarbituric acidreacting substances (TBARS), total antioxidant activity (TAA), vitamin C, α-tocopherol and erythrocyte reducedglutathione (GSH) were estimated and compared. Results: The TBARS level was found to be significantly higher(p≤0.001) in all types of cancer patients when compared to controls, being aggravated in alcoholics with a smokinghabit. No statistical significance (p≥0.05) was observed in the level of vitamin C and α-tocopherol. GSH andTAA level were significantly decreased (p≤0.001) in all the groups except those who consumed both branded aswell as homemade alcohol and non-alcoholics without smoking habit. Conclusion: Alcohol, irrespective of itscommercial brand, increases oxidative stress in all types of cancer patients. This is even higher when alcoholintake is combined with a smoking habit. Decreased TAA and GSH are major risk factors for cancer development.}, keywords = {alcohol,oxidative stress,antioxidants,cancer,Western Nepal}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26715.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26715_3323977e2d7624a4a5afa09a96ac1456.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Anti-metastatic Effects on B16F10 Melanoma Cells of Extracts and Two Prenylated Xanthones Isolated from Maclura amboinensis Bl. Roots}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3519-3528}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Inhibitory effects of Maclura amboinenesis Bl, one plant used traditionally for the treatment of cancers, onmetastatic potential of highly metastatic B16F10 melanoma cells were investigated in vitro. Cell proliferationwas assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay. Details of metastatic capabilities including invasion, migrationand adhesion of B16F10 melanoma cells were examined by Boyden Chamber invasion and migration, scratchmotility and cell attachment assays, respectively. The results demonstrated that n-hexane and chloroformextracts exhibited potent anti-proliferative effects (p<0.01), whereas the methanol and aqueous extracts hadless pronounced effects after 24 h exposure. Bioactivity-guided chromatographic fractionation of both activen-hexane and chloroform extracts led to the isolation of two main prenylated xanthones and characterizationas macluraxanthone and gerontoxanthone-I, respectively, their structures being identified by comparison withthe spectral data. Interestingly, both exhibited potent effective effects. At non-toxic effective doses, n-hexaneand chloroform extracts (10 and 30 μg/ml) as well as macluraxanthone and gerontoxanthone-I (3 and 10μM) significantly inhibited B16F10 cell invasion, to a greater extent than 10 μM doxorubicin, while reducingmigration of cancer cells without cellular cytotoxicity. Moreover, exposure of B16F10 melanoma cells to highconcentrations of chloroform (30 μg/ml) and geratoxanthone-I (20 μM) for 24 h resulted in delayed adhesionand retarded colonization. As insights into mechanisms of action, typical morphological changes of apoptoticcells e.g. membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, apoptotic bodies and loss ofadhesion as well as cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase with increase of sub-G1 cell proportions, detected by Hoechst33342 staining and flow cytometry were observed, suggesting DNA damage and subsequent apoptotic cell death.Taken together, our findings indicate for the first time that active n-hexane and chloroform extracts as well asmacluraxanthone and gerontoxanthone-I isolated from Maclura amboinensis Bl. roots affect multistep of cancermetastasis processes including proliferation, adhesion, invasion and migration, possibly through induction ofapoptosis of highly metastatic B16F10 melanoma cells. Based on these data, M. amboinensis Bl. represents apotential candidate novel chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic agent. Additionally, they also support itsethno-medicinal usage for cancer prevention and/or chemotherapy.}, keywords = {Maclura amboinensis,prenylated xanthones,antimetastasis,anti-proliferative,apoptosis induction}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26716.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26716_259b0212e2d159ae25aba8beec1a1f22.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Combined Screening of Cervical Cancer, Breast Cancer and Reproductive Tract Infections in Rural China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3529-3533}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: To investigate the current prevalence and knowledge of cervical cancer, breast cancer andreproductive tract infections (RTIs) in rural Chinese women, and to explore the acceptance and feasibility ofimplementing a combined screening program in rural China. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectionalstudy was conducted among women aged 30 to 59 years old in Xiangyuan County, Shanxi Province from 2009 to2010. Socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of cervical cancer, breast cancer and RTIs, and the attitudetoward single or combined screening were collected by an interview questionnaire. Each participant receiveda clinical examination of the cervix, breast and reproductive tract. Examinations included visual inspection,mammography, laboratory tests and pathological diagnosis. Results: A total of 1,530 women were enrolled inthis study. The prevalence of cervical precancerous lesions, suspicious breast cancer, suspicious benign breastdisease and RTIs was 1.4%, 0.2%, 14.0% and 54.3%, respectively. Cervicitis, trichomonas vaginitis, and bacterialvaginitis were the three most common RTIs among our participants. Television, radio broadcast, and publiceducation during screening were the major source of healthcare knowledge in rural China. Moreover 99.7%of women expressed great interest in participating in a combined screening project. The affordable limit forcombined screening project was only 50 RMB for more than half of the rural women. Conclusion: A combinedscreening program would be more effective and popular than single disease screening projects, while appropriateaccompanied education and a co-pay model for its successful implementation need to be explored, especially inlow-resource settings.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,breast cancer,reproductive tract infections,combined screening,rural China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26717.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26717_e0b216766f718d3d8a2b9757a809b4cc.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Experience of Southern Chinese: New Challenges in Treating Young Female Breast Cancer Patients at Child-bearing Age - a Call for Multi-disciplinary Collaboration}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {7}, pages = {3535-3537}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Compared with western populations, Southern Chinese, especially those residing in Hong Kong, areexperiencing increasing breast cancer incidence and also a younger onset of breast cancer. Combating thisproblem and treating young women with breast cancer poses specific challenges and complicated considerations.With reference to the postponement in the age of marriage and reproduction in modern societies, the issue offertility after breast cancer, especially for high-risk young patients, is one significant quality of life concern thatcannot be underestimated as a secondary medical topic. While the issue has its significance and is confrontingfront-line breast cancer care teams of different disciplines, related research is mostly on Caucasians. In cultureswhere the traditional expectation on women for child-bearing is still prominent, young breast cancer patients mayendure significant distress over fertility options after breast cancer. There is a lack of related data on Asian breastcancer survivors at child-bearing age, which calls for a pressing need to encourage qualitative groundwork, casereports, and cohort experiences in hope for providing insight and arouse research interest. In order to providea long-term comprehensive multidisciplinary management service with encouragement to encompass prospectsfor a positive future among young breast cancer survivors, relevant disciplines need to collaborate and workefficaciously together both on clinical and research aspects of cancer-related fertility issues.}, keywords = {breast cancer,fertility conservation,BRCA1/2,psycho-oncology,genetic counselling,Chinese}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26675.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26675_5073bc0d4ffa344a0d79742cca400939.pdf} }