@article { author = {}, title = {Targeting Tumor Metastasis by Regulating Nm23 Gene Expression}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3539-3548}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The Nm23 gene is a metastatic suppressor identified in a melanoma cell line and expressed in different tumorswhere their levels of expression are associated with reduced or increased metastatic potential. Nm23 is one ofthe over 20 metastasis suppressor genes (MSGs) confirmed in vivo. It is highly conserved from yeast to human,implying a critical developmental function. Tumors with alteration of the p53 gene and reduced expression ofthe Nm23 gene are more prone to metastasis. Nm23-H1 has 3’-5’ exonuclease activity. This review focuses onthe role of Nm23 in cancer progression and also a potential novel target for cancer therapy.}, keywords = {Nm23 gene,metastasis suppressor,tumor metastasis,MSGs,matrix metalloproteinase proteins}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26718.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26718_3e057eb6ba931dee1b23a2cfa85fb894.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder - Minireview of the Literature}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3549-3553}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Primary small cell carcinoma of urinary bladder is a rare but aggressive disease with poor prognosis and ahigh mortality rate. It accounts for less than 1 % of all the primary cancers seen in the urinary bladder. Diagnosisand management of this entity poses a challenge to the clinician due to the lack of a standardized protocol forits treatment. Herein we discuss primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in its entirety.}, keywords = {small cell carcinoma,urinary bladder,bladder tumor,etiology,Diagnosis,treatment}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26719.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26719_48060af84a2d5872c575e8e0cbbac759.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Tumour Lysis Syndrome: Implications for Cancer Therapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3555-3560}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities caused by rapid and unexpected releaseof cellular components into the circulation as a result of massive destruction of rapidly proliferating malignantcells. It usually develops in patients with hematologic malignancies like acute lymphoid leukemia, non-Hodgkinand Burkitt’s lymphoma after initiation of chemotherapy or may, rarely, occur spontaneously. Though TLS isseldom observed in relation to solid tumours, there have been reports of connections with examples such aslung, liver, breast, gastric carcinomas. The clinical manifestations of TLS include hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia,hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. These indications if untreated lead to life-threatening complications suchas acute renal failure, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and eventually death due to multiorgan failure. Thereforeearly detection of TLS is of vital importance. This can be accomplished by identification of high risk patients,implementation of suitable prophylactic measures andmonitoring of the electrolyte levels in patients undergoingchemotherapy.}, keywords = {Tumour lysis syndrome,clinical manifestations,Management,Hyperkalemia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26720.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26720_29a29b3d8794a3cadd95d328613317ba.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Calcium Sensing Receptor Modulation for Cancer Therapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3561-3568}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a member of the largest family of cell surface receptors, the Gprotein-coupled receptors involved in calcium homeostasis. The role of the CaSR in neoplasia appears to behomeostatic; loss of normal CaSR-induced response to extracellular calcium is observed in cancers of the colonand ovary, while increased release of PTHrP is observed in cancers of the breast, prostate and Leydig cells.Currently CaSR can be considered as a molecule that can either promote or prevent tumor growth dependingon the type of cancer. Therefore, recognition of the multifaceted role of CaSR in gliomas and other malignanttumors in general is fundamental to elucidating the mechanisms of tumor progression and the development ofnovel therapeutic agents. Emphasis should be placed on development of drug-targeting methods to modulateCaSR activity in cancer cells.}, keywords = {CaSR,GPCR,Metastasis,PTHrP,Homeostasis,cancer cells}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26721.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26721_be51918243d9f772c15ec8b326235cf6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Importance of Social Support in Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3569-3572}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Social support is regarded as a complex construct which has long been suggested to have direct and bufferingeffects on patients’ wellbeing and emotional adjustment to cancer. Cross-sectional and prospective studiesshow a positive association between perceived social support and psychological adjustment following cancertreatment. Research findings suggest that the evidence for the relationship between social support and cancerprogression is sufficiently strong. This report points out the importance of social support in cancer and providesrecommendations for health care professionals.}, keywords = {cancer,Social Support,Adjustment}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26722.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26722_8bf0472560a509b6154c38e36fa4b649.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Advanced Diagnostic Aids in Oral Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3573-3576}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Oral cancers are one of the most common cancers worldwide today. They are usually neglected by the commonpopulation when compared to systemic cancers such as the lung cancer, colon cancer etc. However, they also maybe extremely fatal if left untreated even at a very initial stage of the lesion. Early detection and treatment givesthe best chance for its cure. The five-year survival rate of oral cancer still remains low and delayed diagnosis issuggested to be one of the major reasons. The detection and diagnosis are currently based on clinical examination,histopathological evaluation of the biopsy material and molecular methods. Several diagnostic aids have beendeveloped over the years for early detection of oral cancer. The purpose of this article is to review the advancedavailable diagnostic adjuncts for the detection of oral cancer.}, keywords = {Biopsy material,diagnostic adjuncts,histopathology,molecular methods,oral cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26723.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26723_189d0ec801ff801c7e298da0d350afb8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Update of Research on Drug Resistance in Small Cell Lung Cancer Chemotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3577-3581}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by a short cell doubling time, rapid progression and earlyoccurrence of blood-borne and lymph metastasis. The malignancy is the highest of all lung cancer types.Although SCLC has a relatively good initial response to chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy, relapse or diseaseprogression may occur quickly after the initial treatment. Drug resistance, especially multi-drug resistance, isthe most important cause of failure of SCLC chemotherapy. This article provides a brief update of research onmechanisms of drug resistance in SCLC and reversal strategies.}, keywords = {Small cell lung cancer (SCLC),Chemoresistance,targeted therapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26724.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26724_51530e7e3dfe4f187ca02c38e5b19a68.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {SENP2 Regulates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Growth by Modulating the Stability of β-catenin}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3583-3587}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {SUMOylation has emerged as an important post-translational modification that modulates the localization,stability and activity of a broad spectrum of proteins. A dynamic process, it can be reversed by a family of SUMOspecificproteases (SENPs). However, the biological roles of SENPs in mammalian development and pathogenesisremain largely elusive. Here, we demonstrated that SENP2 plays a critical role in the control of hepatocellularcarcinoma cell growth. SENP2 was found to be down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues andover-expression suppressed the growth and colony formation of HCC cells. In contrast, silencing of SENP2 bysiRNAs promoted cancer cell growth. We further found that stability of β-catenin was markedly decreasedwhen SENP2 was over-expressed. Interestingly, the decrease was dependent on the de-SUMOylation activity ofSENP2, because over-expression of a SENP2 catalytic mutant form had no obviously effects on β-catenin. Ourresults suggest that SENP2 might play a role in hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth control by modulating thestability of β-catenin.}, keywords = {SENP2,β-catenin,Hepatocellular carcinoma,HepG2 cells}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26725.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26725_7634aad083ab4161f7d3b5ec11bade67.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {High and Low Dose Folinic Acid, 5-Fluorouracil Bolus and Continuous Infusion for Poor-Prognosis Patients with Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3589-3593}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Evaluation and assessment of response rate, duration and toxicity in patients subjected to 5-FUbased chemotherapy. Background: The therapeutic ratio shifts with different 5FU/LV regimens and none yetserve as the internationally accepted Gold Standard . A bimonthly regimen of high dose leucovorin is reportedto be less toxic and more effective than monthly low dose regimens. We here compare therapeutic responses andsurvival benefit of the two regimens in poor prognosis patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. Patients andMethods: A total of 35 patients with histologically confirmed colorectal carcinoma were subjected to de Gramontand Mayo Clinic regimen. Nineteen patients were treated with high dose folinic acid (200 mg/m2), glucose 5%,5-FU (400 mg/m2) and 22 hr. CIV (600 mg/m2) for two consecutive days every two weeks. These patients hadfailed responses to previous chemotherapy and were above sixty years of age with poor general status. Sixteenpatients (six below 60 years) with progressive disease were subjected to low dose folinic acid (20 mg/m2)for fivedays, 5FU(425 mg/m2) injection bolus for 5 days, every five weeks. An initial evaluation was made in sixty daysand responders were reevaluated at sixty days interval or earlier in case of clinical impairment. Based on positiveprognosis, the therapy was continued. Evaluation of treatment response was made on the basis of WHO criteria.Results: The response rate was 44% in thirty four evaluable patients, with 4 complete responses (11.8%) and 11(32.4%) partial responses. The two schedules were well tolerated, whereas, mild toxicity without WHO Grade≥2 events was assessed. The response duration was extended (12 months) in a few patients with age above sixtyyears treated by high dose bimonthly regimen of 5FU/LV. Conclusion: The regimens are safe and effective inadvanced colorectal carcinoma patients with poor general status.}, keywords = {5-FU,folinic acid,therapeutic response,Colorectal carcinoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26726.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26726_d5cf40f6e7b1c19d8608974510817b11.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Practice and Barriers of Mammography among Malaysian Women in the General Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3595-3600}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the practice and barriers of mammography andassociated factors among Malaysian women in the general population. Methodology: A cross-sectional studywas conducted among 200 women in Shah Alam, Selangor; Malaysia. The questionnaire contained 27 questionsand was comprised of two sections; socio-demographic characteristics and practices, knowledge and barriersof mammography. All the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 13.0.Results: Of the 200 Malaysian women who participated in this study, the majority were under the age of 50 years(65.5%), Malay (86%), and married (94.5%). Regarding any family history of cancer in general, the majority ofthe participants had none (78%). However, some did report a close relative with breast cancer (16.5%). Whilethe majority of them knew about mammography (68%), 15% had had a mammogram once in their life and only2% had the procedure every two or three years. Univariate analysis showed that age, family history of cancer,family history of breast cancer, regular supplement intake, regular medical check-up and knowledge aboutmammogram were significantly associated with mammogram practice among the general population (p=0.007,p=0.043, P=0.015, p=0.01, p=0.001, p<0.001; respectively). Multivariate analysis using multiple linear regressiontest showed that age, regular medical check-up and knowledge about mammography testing were statisticallyassociated with the practice of mammography among the general population in Malaysia (p=0.035, p=0.015 andp<0.001; respectively). Lack of time, lack of knowledge, not knowing where to go for the test and a fear of thetest result were the most important barriers (42.5%, 32%, 21%, 20%; respectively). Conclusion: The practiceof mammogram screening is low among Malaysian women.}, keywords = {Mammogram,Malaysian Women,Practice,Barriers}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26727.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26727_bd4e96022b66a3931618f20d823c6b25.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {XRCC1 Arg399Gln Gene Polymorphism and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in the Chinese Han Population: A Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3601-3604}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: Numerous studies have evaluated the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphismand hepatocellular carcinoma risk in the Chinese Han population. However, the results have been inconsistent.We therefore here examined whether the XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism confers hepatocellularcarcinoma risk by conducting a meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Google scholar and China National KnowledgeInfrastructure databases were searched for eligible articles in English and Chinese that were published beforeApril 2012. Results: 6 studies involving 1,246 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 1,953 controls wereincluded. The association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma inthe Chinese Han population was significant under GG vs AA (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.94). Limiting theanalysis to the studies with controls in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the results were persistent and robust.Conclusions: In the Chinese Han population, the XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism is associated with anincreased hepatocellular carcinoma risk.}, keywords = {Arg399Gln,gene polymorphism,Meta-analysis,Hepatocellular carcinoma,risk}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26728.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26728_bc09f51299a4d4875f2149a03cccb271.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Comparison of the Gene Expression Profiles Between Smokers With and Without Lung Cancer Using RNA-Seq}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3605-3609}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Lung cancer seriously threatens human health, so it is important to investigate gene expression changes inaffected individuals in comparison with healthy people. Here we compared the gene expression profiles betweensmokers with and without lung cancer. We found that the majority of the expressed genes (threshold was set as0.1 RPKM) were the same in the two samples, with a small portion of the remainder being unique to smokerswith and without lung cancer. Expression distribution patterns showed that most of the genes in smokers withand without lung cancer are expressed at low or moderate levels. We also found that the expression levels ofthe genes in smokers with lung cancer were lower than in smokers without lung cancer in general. Then wedetected 27 differentially expressed genes in smokers with versus without lung cancer, and these differentiallyexpressed genes were foudn to be involved in diverse processes. Our study provided detail expression profilesand expression changes between smokers with and without lung cancer.}, keywords = {genes,Lung cancer,smokers,gene expression profiles,RNA-Seq}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26729.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26729_1d5784751e3821376e1e3abcca96062c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Diagnostic Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity and Positive Predictive Value of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in Intra Oral Tumors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3611-3615}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the diagnostic accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of fineneedle aspiration cytology(FNAC) for intra-oral tumors, comparing with histopathology as the gold standard.Materials and methods: Forty cases of FNA cytology from intraoral tumors was performed in AFID along withthe demographic data and clinical information and then diagnosed at AFIP, Rawalpindi. Then the cytologyresults obtained per FNAC were compared with the histopathological biopsy results of the same lesions. Thefollowing variables were recorded for each patient: Age, gender, site of biopsy, diagnosis. The data were enteredand analyzed using Open-epi version 2.0. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value andnegative predictive value were calculated. Cohen Kappa was further applied to compare the agreement betweenthe biopsy and FNAC diagnoses. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Among thetotal patients included in the study there were 24 males and 16 females, with a ratio of 1.5:1. Age of the patientsranged from 24 to 80 years with a mean of 52 years. A total of six sites were aspirated from the oral cavity withmaximum (11) aspirates taken from alveolar ridge. The results of FNAC revealed that there were 32 malignantand 8 benign aspirates. Confirmation through histopathological analysis came for 31/32 malignant cases whileone was falsely given positive for malignancy on FNAC. Among a total of 40 cases, 31(77%) cases diagnosed werefound to be malignant and remaining 9(23%) were benign. The FNAC results revealed 32 malignant and 8 benignlesions. Histopathology of the subsequent surgically excised specimen showed malignant lesions in 31(77%) andbenign in 9(23%) patients. As a whole, it was found that the absolute sensitivity for introral FNAC was 100%and specificity 89% with positive predictive value of 97% and negative predictive value of 100%. Conclusion:Cytological diagnosis was almost corroborative with final histopathological diagnosis in all cases, with very fewexceptions, exhibiting high diagnostic accuracy.}, keywords = {fine needle aspiration cytology,intraoral,Sensitivity,Squamous Cell Carcinoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26730.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26730_ddc27717130b336d8cf88a6bee8f10ac.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Coverage, Density and Completeness of Sources used in Tehran Metropolitan Area Cancer Registry: According to the Data of Esophageal Cancer, 2003-2007}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3617-3619}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The completeness of cancer registration is a major validity index of any reported cancer incidence.The present study aimed to evaluate the esophageal cancer incidence registered in the Tehran MetropolitanArea Cancer Registry. Materials and methods: The data on esophageal cancer abstracted from three sourcesof 1) pathology departments, 2) medical records, and 3) death certificates during 2003 till 2007 were utilized.The completeness of the data sources were evaluated using coverage (defined as the proportion of a communitypopulation with esophageal cancer identified by the source) and density (defined as the proportion of non-emptyfields of the data by source). Results: A total 1,404 cases of esophageal cancer were reported for the duration ofthe study. Pathology provided 771, medical records 432, and death certificates 609. The coverage was 0.55 forpathology, 0.31 for medical records, and 0.43 for death certificates. The respective density values were 0.82, 0.96and 0.98, respectively. Pathology (0.45) was the most complete source followed by medical records (0.42), anddeath certificates (0.29). Discussion: A low degree of completeness dictates putting more effort into case findingplus abstracting data more thoroughly.}, keywords = {Cancer-registry,source coverage,distribution density,completeness,Esophageal Cancer,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26731.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26731_8412dd27fc6be5914b138c9e07e7627e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Profile of Lymphadenopathy in Kashmir Valley: a Cytological Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3621-3625}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Lymphadenopathy is one of the commonest and significant manifestations of local as well as systemicailments, especially malignancies. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) helps in diagnosing the disease itself,in general, but more importantly ruling out malignancy, in particular. Hence it saves much of the cost and use ofresources incurred with excision biopsy of such lymph nodes. This prompted us to study the cytologic patternsof lymphadenopathy in our setting and the diagnostic utility of FNAC in the evaluation of lymphadenopathy. Inthis retrospective observational study, 1,579 patients (953 males and 626 females) with lymphadenopathy whowere subjected to FNAC over a period of three years (January 2009 to December 2011) were studied. The cervicalregion was involved in most of the cases (76%) followed by the axillary region (17.5%). Metastatic malignancy(38.2%) was the commonest cause of lymphadenopathy followed by reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (36.9%),tuberculosis (9.1%) and lymphomas (8.6%). Squamous cell carcinoma (32.2%) followed by adenocarcinoma(21.9%) were the most frequent metastatic tumors. FNAC is a useful diagnostic tool in the management ofpatients presenting with lymphadenopathy and should be considered before more invasive and costly proceduresare performed, particularly in developing countries.}, keywords = {Lymphadenopathy,FNAC,Kashmir valley,diagnostic utility}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26732.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26732_12f60525eab530ff9b42b0c2cd2182e3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Increased Expression of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) in Rat Hepatic Tumors Induced by Diethylnitrosamine}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3627-3630}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a pan-epithelial differentiation antigen that is expressedon almost all carcinomas. However, a role in rat liver carcinogenesis has never been reported previously.Thus, its expression was investigated herein in rat liver tumors induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN).Twenty male 5-week-old F344 rats were used in this experiment. Mini-osmotic pumps containing dosesof 47.5 mg of DEN were inserted into the abdominal cavity of each animal to initiate liver carcinogenesis.All animals were sacrificed at 26 weeks after DEN treatment. At necropsy, hepatic masses were processedfor histopathological examination, which revealed forty-four hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) and twentyhepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Tumors were immunohistochemically analyzed for EpCAM, proliferatingcell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and co-localization of the two. EpCAM expression was mainly detected inhepatic tumor cells, showing a cytoplasmic staining pattern. However, expression was also slightly observedin normally-appearing surrounding hepatic cells. PCNA expression was highly detected in tumor cells,showing nuclear staining. Double staining of EpCAM and PCNA in tumors showed many cells with colocalization.Taken together, EpCAM and PCNA expression were increased in DEN-induced tumors andmany tumor cells showed co-expression. It is suggested that EpCAM may increase during DEN-inducedtumors, possibly associated with cell proliferation.}, keywords = {hepatocarcinogenesis,DEN,EpCAM,PCNA,Rat}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26733.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26733_1f893613fbbf6232ab625c9774f7d71c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Modulation of Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Inhibition of Protein Kinase C-alpha (PKC-α) with Small Interference RNA (siRNA) Agents}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3631-3636}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To determine whether silence of PKC-α expression by small interference RNA (siRNA) mightregulate MDR1 expression and reverse chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. Methods: We measured gene andprotein expression of MDR1 and PKC-α in ovarian cancer cells and assessed their correlation with cell drugresistance. We also examined whether blocking PKC-α by RNA interference (RNAi) affected MDR1 expressionand reversed drug resistance in drug sensitivity tests. Results: The drug resistance cell lines, OV1228/DDP andOV1228/Taxol, had higher gene and protein expression of MDR1 and PKC-α than their counterpart sensitivecell line, OV1228. SiRNA depressed PKC-α gene protein expression, as well as MDR1 and protein expressionand improved the drug sensitivity in OV1228/DDP and OV1228/Taxol cells. Conclusion: These results indicatedthat decreasing PKC-α expression with siRNA might be an effective method to improve drug sensitivity in drugresistant cells with elevated levels of PKC-α and MDR1. A new siRNA-based therapeutic strategy targetingPKC-α gene could be designed to overcome the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer.}, keywords = {Ovarian Cancer,drug-resistance,MDR1,PKC-α,siRNA}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26734.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26734_5d4b1676d13e1f68a50c88ecb1298382.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association Between XRCC5, 6 and 7 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A HuGE Review and Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3637-3643}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a pathway for repairing DNA double-strand breaks.Recent publications indicated that XRCC5, XRCC6 and XRCC7 genes may participate in the pathogenesis ofbreast cancer. The aim of this Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) review and meta-analysis was to investigateassociations between XRCC5, XRCC6 and XRCC7 genetic polymorphisms in the NHEJ pathway and breastcancer risk. Methods: Studies focusing on the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in XRCC5, XRCC6and XRCC7 genes and susceptibility to breast cancer were selected from the Pubmed, Cochrane library, Embase,Web of Science, Springerlink, CNKI and CBM databases. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers.The meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager Version 5.1.6 and STATA Version 12.0 software. Theodds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated based on the extracted data. Results:According to the inclusion criteria, we final included seven studies with a total of 2,864 breast cancer cases and3,060 healthy controls. Meta-analysis results showed that rs3835 (G>A) and rs828907 (G>T) in XRCC5 gene,and rs132793 (G>A) in XRCC6 gene might increase the risk of breast cancer, while rs132788 G>T and rs6002421(A>G) might be protective factors. However, there was no relationship between XRCC7 genetic polymorphismsand the risk of breast cancer. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that the rs3835 G>A and rs828907 G>Tin XRCC5 gene, rs6002421 (A>G), rs132788 (G>T) and rs132793 (G>A) in XRCC6 gene might be risk factorsfor breast cancer, while the rs132788 (G>T) and rs6002421 (A>G) in XRCC6 gene might be protective.}, keywords = {XRCC5,XRCC6,XRCC7,Polymorphism,breast cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26735.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26735_b75a650ace21de036e39f5f7c48123bc.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Manual Liquid Based Cytology in Primary Screening for Cervical Cancer - a Cost Effective Preposition for Scarce Resource Settings}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3645-3651}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Conventional pap smear (CPS) examination has been the mainstay for early detection of cervical cancer.However, its widespread use has not been possible due to the inherent limitations, like presence of obscuring bloodand inflammation, reducing its sensitivity considerably. Automated methods in use in developed countries maynot be affordable in the developing countries due to paucity of resources. On the other hand, manual liquid basedcytology (MLBC) is a technique that is cost effective and improves detection of precursor lesions and specimenadequacy. Therefore the aim of the study was to compare the utility of MLBC with that of CPS in cervical cancerscreening. A prospective study of 100 cases through MLBC and CPS was conducted from October 2009 to July2010, in a Medical College in India, by two independent pathologists and correlated with histopathology (22cases). Morphological features as seen through MLBC and CPS were compared. Subsequently, all the cases weregrouped based on cytological diagnosis according to two methods into 10 groups and a subjective comparison wasmade. In order to compare the validity of MLBC with CPS in case of major diagnoses, sensitivity and specificityof the two methods were estimated considering histological examination as the gold standard. Increased detectionrate with MLBC was 150%. The concordance rate by LBC/histopathology v/s CPS/histopathology was alsoimproved (86% vs 77%) The percentage agreement by the two methods was 68%. MLBC was more sensitive indiagnosis of LSIL and more specific in the diagnosis of inflammation. Thus, MLBC was found to be better thanCPS in diagnosis of precursor lesions. It provided better morphology with increased detection of abnormalitiesand preservation of specimen for cell block and ancillary studies like immunocytochemistry and HPV detection.Therefore, it can be used as alternative strategy for cervical cancer prevention in limited resource settings}, keywords = {Manual liquid based cytology,Pap smear,Cervical screening,low cost method}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26736.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26736_894540152a1d65759fdec00147718094.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Hyperin Extracted from Manchurian Rhododendron Leaf Induces Apoptosis in Human Endometrial Cancer Cells Through a Mitochondrial Pathway}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3653-3656}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: A number of effective prevention measures have been introduced in attempts to substantiallyreduce both the incidence and mortality due to many kinds of cancer. The search for new anti-cancer compoundsin foods or in plant medicines is one realistic and promising approach to prevention. Chinese medicines provide arich pool of novel and efficacious agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Previously it was demonstratratedthat hyperin extracted from the Manchurian rhododendron leaf reduces the proliferation of many cancer cells.The present study was carried out to evaluate its effects on human endometrial cancer cell viability and apoptosisand to investigate its mechanisms of action in RL952 cells. Methods: Cell viability was measured using the MTTassay. Intracellular calcium ions were detected using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. The effects of hyperinon apoptosis related proteins in RL952 cells were examined using Western blot analysis. Results: The growth ofRL952 cells was inhibited by treatment with hyperin. OD values of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased andexpression of bcl-2 was increased and bax was decreased in protein levels in RL952 cells after 24 h of hyperintreatment, Moreover, intracellular calcium accumulation occurred in hyperin-treated cells. Conclusions: Theseresults suggest that hyperin may play an important role in tumor growth suppression by inducing apoptosis inhuman endometrial cells via a Ca2+-related mitochondrion apoptotic pathway in RL952 cells.}, keywords = {Hyperin,endometrial cancer cells,Apoptosis,Ca2+}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26737.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26737_3fc70998f5fa2cea294ab36f3a741a2c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Detection of HBV Resistance to Lamivudine in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Using Zip Nucleic Acid Probes in Kerman, Southeast of Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3657-3661}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {HBV infection is contagious and may be transmitted vertically or horizontally by blood products and bodysecretions. Over 50% of Iranian carriers have contracted the infection prenatally, making this the most likelyroute of transmission of HBV in Iran. This study assesses the resistance to Lamivudine in patients with chronichepatitis B infection using a new ZNA probe Real Time PCR method. To evaluate the effectiveness of Lamivudinetherapy for chronic hepatitis B infection, a study was conducted on 70 patients (63 men and 7women), who hadreceived the drug first line. All patients were tested for the presence of HBsAg and HBeAg, the serum ALT leveland the HBV DNA load before and after treatment. In all samples resistance to Lamivudine was tested with theZNA Probe. Our results showed that ZNA Probe Real Time PCR method could detect wild type,YMDD, and itsmutants, tyrosine-isoleucine-aspartate-aspartate and tyrosine-valine-aspartate-Aspartate. Among an estimatedseventy patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, 18 (25.7%) were resistant to lamivudine. Only one patientwas negative for presence of HBS-Ag (5.6%) and two patients were negative for HBe-Ag (11.1%). Real-timePCR with Zip nucleic acid probes is a sensitive, specific and rapid detection method for mutations in the YMDDmotif, which will be essential for monitoring patients undergoing Lamivudine antiviral therapy.}, keywords = {Chronic hepatitis B,Lamivudine,zip nucleic acids,Real Time PCR}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26738.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26738_d6538fc83325ab3c38df6dd2a576957b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Why is Hepatocellular Carcinoma Less Attributable to Viral Hepatitis in Yemen?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3663-3667}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) are still public health problems in Yemen, witholder individuals having much higher prevalence than younger generations. However, research on the prevalenceof viral hepatitis in association with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has not yet been undertaken in Yemen. The aimof this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among HCC patients and to estimatethe risk of these infections being associated with the development of HCC. A cross-sectional study was conductedon patients attending oncology outpatient in Sana’a, Yemen, through the period 2008-mid 2010 with confirmeddiagnosis of HCC. A total of 88 cases were studied thoroughly with different investigations such as CT-scan,ultrasound, tumour marker, alpha-feto-protein and histopathological biopsy. A structured questionnaire wasalso applied and physical examination done to assess the general condition of the patients. Statistical package(SPSS version 16) was used for analysis of the data. The mean age of the cases was 61.2 years (±12.6) with halfover 60 years. There were fewer male patients (36%) compared to females and most (97%) only had basic /noformal education. Seventy nine (89%) were diagnosed as HCC cases with histopathological biopsy while therest were diagnosed by ultrasound, CT scan, tumour marker, and alpha-feto-protein. Around one-third of thesubjects were positive for HBsAg and HCV antibodies. Multivariate analysis showed infection with HCV and useof smoking was associated with HCC diagnosis. Although an association was observed between the occurrenceof HCC and viral hepatitis (either HBV or HCV) and cigarette smoking, but the rate of viral infection was lowerthan what has been reported elsewhere.}, keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,Hepatitis B Virus,Hepatitis C Virus,Yemen}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26739.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26739_fdbe075ba2de8e8e8e0bf74c73792686.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus and its R426Q Polymorphism in Patients with Prostate Cancer in Kerman, Southeast of Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3669-3673}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {A role for the xenotropic murine leukemia virus (XMRV) in prostate cancer development has been postulated.To answer questions regarding the prevalence of XMRV in Iranian patients with prostate cancer and its associationwith the RNASEL R462Q polymorphism, we here investigated a series of cases in Kerman, in the Southeast ofIran, and sought to verify the association with the R462Q using Real Time PCR Method. Prostate tissue specimensof 200 patients with prostate cancer were genotyped for R462Q by real time polymerase chain reaction allelicdiscrimination and were screened for XMRV proviral DNA by real time polymerase chain reaction specific forthe envelope gene. Of 200 patients in this study 8 (4%) cases were positive for XMRV, the QQ allele being themost frequenct regarding the R426Q polymorphism while in negative patients it was the RQ allele. There wassignificant correlation between high pathological scores and XMRV positive samples. No significant relationshipwas found between age groups and XMRV results. XMRV was only found in patients with QQ and RQ alleles,not RR. XMRV is detectable in tumor prostate tissue from some patients with prostate cancer, independent ofR462Q.}, keywords = {Prostate Cancer,XMRV,R426Q,Real Time PCR,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26740.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26740_851e07f152623b53057def61f1ba08b6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression of Endogenous Hypoxia Markers in Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3675-3680}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate the expression of endogenous hypoxia-related markers identified as beinginvolved in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). Methods: We performed immunohistochemical stainingof hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA-9) andvascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), on tissue sections of 25 VSCC patients, 10 vulvar intraepithelialneoplasia (VIN) patients and 12 healthy controls. Results: HIF-1α expression was found in all sections, with nosignificant difference between controls, VIN and VSCC sections (all P<0.05). Glut-1 expression was found in25% of control, 90% of VIN and 100% of VSCC sections. A significant difference between control and VIN orVSCC was observed (all P<0.05), while no difference was found between VIN and VSCC sections (P>0.05). CA-9expression was negative in control sections, but it was found in 30% of VIN sections and 52% of VSCC sectionswith strong staining. Similarly, CA-9 expression also showed obvious differences between controls and VIN orVSCC sections (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between VIN and VSCC (P>0.05).There were only 25% of control sections with weak VEGF expression, while strong staining was found in about60% of VIN sections and 25% of VSCC sections (all P<0.05). In addition, a difference was also found betweenVIN and VSCC sections (P<0.05). Conclusion: Expression of endogenous hypoxia markers (HIF-1α, GLUT-1,CA-9 and VEGF) might be involved in the malignant progression of VSCC.}, keywords = {hypoxia,endogenous hypoxia marker,vulvar squamous cell carcinoma,vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26741.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26741_a016b6afd530af5cbc094abe0fab486f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Transcription Regulation Network Analysis of MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells Exposed to Estradiol}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3681-3685}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: In breast cancer, estrogen receptors have been demonstrated to interact with transcriptionfactors to regulate target gene expression. However, high-throughput identification of the transcription regulationrelationship between transcription factors and their target genes in response to estradiol is still in its infancy.Purpose: Thus, the objective of our study was to interpret the transcription regulation network of MCF7 breastcancer cells exposed to estradiol. Methods: In this work, GSE11352 microarray data were used to identifydifferentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results: Our results showed that the MYB (v-myb myeloblastosis viraloncogene homolog [avian]), PGR (progesterone receptor), and MYC (v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogenehomolog [avian]) were hub nodes in our transcriptome network, which may interact with ER and, in turn, regulatetarget gene expression. MYB can up-regulate MCM3 (minichromosome maintenance 3) and MCM7 expression;PGR can suppress BCL2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) expression; MYC can inhibit TGFB2 (transforming growth factor,beta 2) expression. These genes are associated with breast cancer progression via cell cycling and the TGFβsignaling pathway. Conclusion: Analysis of transcriptional regulation may provide a better understanding ofmolecular mechanisms and clues to potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of breast cancer.}, keywords = {Regulation network,network motif analysis,breast cancer,Estradiol,Microarray,transcriptome network}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26742.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26742_62566a357f62a32031e9dfbe5f0f8afd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association Between the GSTP1 Codon 105 Polymorphism and Gastric Cancer Risk: an Updated Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3687-3693}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The current meta-analysis was performed to address a more accurate estimation of the associationbetween glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) codon 105 polymorphism and risk of gastric cancer (GC), whichhas been widely reported with conflicting results. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conductedto identify all the relevant studies. Fixed or random effect models were selected based on the heterogeneitytest. Publication bias was estimated using Begg’s funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Results: A total of 20studies containing 2,821 GC cases and 6,240 controls were finally included in the analyses. Overall, no significantassociation between GSTP1 polymorphism and GC risk was observed in worldwide populations. However,subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity showed that GSTP1 polymorphism was significantly associated withincreased risk of GC in Asians (G vs. A, OR = 1.273, 95%CI=1.011-1.605; GG vs. AA, OR=2.103, 95%CI=1.197-3.387; GG vs. AA+AG, OR =2.103, 95%CI=1.186-3.414). In contrast, no significant association was found inCaucasians in any genetic models, except for with AG vs. AA (OR=0.791, 95%CI=0.669-0.936). Furthermore, theGSTP1 polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with GC in patients with H. pylori infection andin those with a cardiac GC. Subgroup analysis stratified by Lauren’s classification and smoking status showedno significant association with any genetic model. No studies were found to significantly influence the pooledeffects in each genetic mode, and no potential publication bias was detected. Conclusions: This meta-analysissuggested that the GSTP1 polymorphism might be associated with increased risk of GC in Asians, while GSTP1heterozygote genotype seemed to be associated with reduced risk of GC. Since potential confounders could notbe ruled out completely, further studies are needed to confirm these results.}, keywords = {GSTP1,Gastric cancer,gene polymorphism,Helicobacter pylori}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26743.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26743_819d01a485888734ecb9bf99a4975de2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Mammalian Mediator 19 Mediates H1299 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Clone Conformation, Growth, and Metastasis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3695-3700}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Mammalian mediator (MED) is a multi-protein coactivator that has been identified by several researchgoups. The involvement of the MED complex subunit 19 (MED 19) in the metastasis of lung adenocarcinomacell line (H1299), which expresses the MED 19 subunit, was here investigated. When MED 19 expression wasdecreased by RNA interference H1299 cells demonstrated reduced clone formation, arrest in the S phase ofthe cell cycle, and lowered metastatic capacity. Thus, MED 19 appears to play important roles in the biologicalbehavior of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. These findings may be important for the development of novellung carcinoma treatments.}, keywords = {Mammalian mediator (MED) 19,RNAi,clone conformation,growth,Metastasis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26744.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26744_4ea5f27446419e50087060f5b332af8c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Lack of Association between Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Cervical Cancer - Taq Man Realtime PCR Assay Findings}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3701-3704}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in developing countries and the secondmost common type of cancer in women globally. Several recent studies suggested a co factor role for Chlamydiatrachomatis in pathogenesis of cervical cancer. This study aimed to evaluate existence of C. trachomatis DNAin pathologic blocks of patients with cervical cancer. Materials and methods: Seventy-six formaldehyde fixedparaffin embedded tissue specimens from patients with histologically proven history of cervical cancer as wellas 150 blocks from healthy peoples were included in the present study. Thin slices were prepared from selectedblocks followed by deparaffinization and DNA extraction; the presence of C. trachomatis DNA was examinedby Taq Man real-time PCR. Results: Our TaqMan real time PCR assay with cervical specimens of patients withcervical cancer showed that there was no C. trachomatis DNA. Also, we found three positive specimens among ourcontrol group. Conclusion: It seems that based on results obtained from the specimens examined in the presentstudy, there is no association between the presence of C. trachomatis DNA in cervical specimens and cervicalcancer.}, keywords = {Chlamydia trachomatis DNA,Real-Time PCR,cervical cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26745.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26745_c322d93855cafc2f8a19c54898c46857.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer UTC116 Cells Induced by Cantharidinate}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3705-3708}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Effects of Cantharidinate on apoptosis of human colorectal cancer UTC-116 cells were investigated by meansof 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, H and E staining, flow cytometry,and Raman Spectra analysis. The results showed Cantharidinate to exert inhibitory action on proliferationof human colorectal cancer UTC-116 cells, inducing apoptosis, arresting cells in G1 phase, with decline of Sand G2 phases. In addition, the results of Raman spectrum showed significant changes in the UTC-116 cellschemical structure with stretching after the application of Cantharidinate. Taken together, these results suggestthat the treatment of human colorectal cancer with Cantharidinate may be associated with multiple molecularmechanisms for apoptosis. Furthermore, similar to fluorouracil, Cantharidinate should be considered as novelassistant drug for controlling the growth of human colorectal cancer UTC-116 cells.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,UTC116 cells,Cantharidinate,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26746.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26746_6e8516b7030eceeeb98b4a2b5edde70a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation Guided by Contrastenhanced Ultrasound in Treatment of Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Liver Transplantation}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3709-3712}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This study evaluated the advantages and applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-supportedpercutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma after livertransplantation, based on clinical details. CEUS-supported percutaneous RFA was adopted to treat 12 patientswith hepatic metastatic carcinomas after liver transplantation. The diameters of the metastatic carcinomas variedfrom 1 cm to 5 cm, and the foci were discovered after 3 months to 12 months. Each focus was diagnosed andlocalised by CEUS for RFA once or twice. Curative effects were evaluated by CEUS or contrast-enhanced CTafter the treatment. The re-examination results at 2 weeks post-treatment showed that the foci of 11 patients wereablated completely, whereas one patient with the largest focus required retreatment by RFA because of a partialresidue. No local recurrence was found one month later in the re-examination. CEUS-supported percutaneousRFA in the treatment of hepatic metastatic carcinoma after liver transplantation has the advantages of accuratelocalisation, good efficacy, easy operation, and minimal invasion without any complications. Therefore, it canbe recommended as the preferred therapy for hepatic metastatic carcinoma after liver transplantation.}, keywords = {Contrast-enhanced ultrasound,radiofrequency ablation,liver transplantation,hepatic metastatic carcinoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26747.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26747_5da5141a810f2573fd31f0b701e6adea.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Transmembrane Protein 166 Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Xinjiang, China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3713-3716}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Transmembrane protein 166 (TMEM166) expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) and remote normal esophageal tissues was examined to assess any role in tumour biology. Methods:TMEM166 mRNA expression in 36 cases with ESCC (36 tumour samples, 36 remote normal esophageal tissuesamples) was detected by RT-PCR. TMEM166 protein expression was analysed in paraffin-embedded tissuesamples from the same cases by immunohistochemistry. Results: Semi-quantitative analysis showed TMEM166mRNA expression in ESCCs to be significantly lower than in remote normal esophageal tissues (0.759±0.713 vs.2.622±1.690, P=0.014). TMEM166 protein expression was also significantly reduced (69.4% vs. 94.4%, P<0.01).Conclusion: TMEM166 mRNA and protein expression demonstrated significant reduction in ESCCs comparedwith remote esophageal tissues, albeit with no correlation with tumour size, differentiation, stage, and lymphnode metastasis, suggesting a role in regulating autophagic and apoptotic processes in the ESCC.}, keywords = {Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,transmembrane protein166,Apoptosis,Autophagy,RT-PCR}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26748.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26748_5fe06aa257e63485bd7f08920ecf1b49.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Lack of Association Between the CYP1A1 Ile462Val Polymorphism and Endometrial Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3717-3721}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: Any association between the CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism and endometrial cancer risk remainsinconclusive. For a more precise estimate, we performed the present meta-analysis. Methods: PUBMED, OVIDand EMBASE were searched for the studies which met inclusion criteria. Data in all eligible studies wereevaluated and extracted by two authors independently. The meta-analysis estimated pooled odds ratio (OR) with95% confidence interval (CI) for endometrial cancer risk attributable to the CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism.Results: A total of 7 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated no association betweenendometrial cancer risk and the CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism (for Val vs Ile allele model [OR 1.09, 95%CI 0.73-1.62]; for Val.Val vs Ile.Ile genotype model [OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.56-4.23]; for (Ile.Val + Val.Val) vs Ile.Ilegenotpye model [OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.71-1.63]; for Val.Val vs (Ile.Ile + Ile.Val) genotype model [OR 1.46, 95% CI0.53-4.04]). Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that there is no association between endometrial cancerrisk and the CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism.}, keywords = {CYP1A1,Endometrial cancer,Polymorphism,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26749.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26749_9dbe0036a646ea674c75b67bfec60b91.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Understanding Barriers to Malaysian Women with Breast Cancer Seeking Help}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3723-3730}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Delay in help-seeking behaviour which is potentially preventable has a major effect on the prognosis andsurvival of patients with breast cancer. The objective of this study was to explore reasons for delay in seeking helpamong patients with breast cancer from the East Coast of peninsular Malaysia. A qualitative study using faceto-face in-depth interview was carried out involving 12 breast cancer patients who had been histo-pathologicallyconfirmed and were symptomatic on presentation. Respondents were selected purposely based on their historyof delayed consultation, diagnosis or treatment. All were of Malay ethnicity and the age range was 26-67 years.Three were in stage ll, seven in stage lll and two in stage lV. At the time of interview, all except one respondent hadaccepted treatment. The range of consultation time was 0.2-72.2 months with a median of 1.7 months, diagnosistime was 1.4-95.8 months( median 5.4 months )and treatment time was 0-33.3 months (median 1.2 months). Thethemes derived from the study were poor knowledge or awareness of breast cancer, fear of cancer consequences,beliefs in complementary alternative medicine, sanction by others, other priorities, denial of disease, attitude ofwait and see and health care system weakness. Help-seeking behaviour was influenced by a complex interactionof cognitive, environmental, beliefs, culture and psycho-social factors. Breast cancer awareness and psychologicalcounselling are recommended for all patients with breast symptoms to prevent delay in seeking clinical help.}, keywords = {breast cancer,delay,help-seeking behaviour,Qualitative study,In-depth Interview}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26693.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26693_29f911706dd9b19429017e96c8bdf9a3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Korean Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Study (Ko-EVE): Protocols and Interim Report}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3731-3740}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: There have been few studies of Asian ovarian cancer and benign tumors. The primary aimof this paper was to report the protocol of the Ko-EVE study to examine epidemiological and molecularfactors for ovarian cancer and benign neoplasms and to ascertain the major risk factors for ovarian cancercontrol in Korea. Methods: This case-control study covers incident epithelial ovarian cancers and benignneoplasms, four major centers participating in enrolling incident cases and 3 hospitals enrolling healthycontrols among health examinees. Standardized questionnaires were administered by trained interviewers,including sections on socio-demographics characteristics, past medical history, medication usage, familyhistory, lifetime consumption of alcohol and tobacco, diet, physical activity, and reproductive factors forwomen. Various biological specimens were collected in the biorepository according to the standardizedprotocol. Annual follow-up for cancer cases and follow-up at the 1st year for benign tumor cases areperforming to evaluate treatment effect and progression. Passive follow to see long-term survival will beconducting using record linkage with national data. Results: The total number recruited in 2010-2011was 246 epithelial ovarian cancer cases, 362 benign epithelial tumors and 345 controls. We are planning tocollect subjects for at least 1,500 sets of ovarian cancer, 2,000 benign tumors and 1,500 controls till 2018.Conclusion: The Ko-EVE will provide unique and important data to probe the etiology and natural historyof Korean epithelial ovarian cancer. It will be continued by genomic and proteomic epidemiological analysesand future intervention studies for the prevention of ovarian cancer among Koreans.}, keywords = {Ovarian Cancer,protocol- Ko-EVE study,case,control study}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26694.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26694_19f0c97da86c2a47c2a9ffb4522098e6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Bicluster and Pathway Enrichment Analysis of HCV-induced Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3741-3745}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the mostcommon form of liver cancer. However, while it is associated frequently with hepatitis C virus (HCV) there isonly an elementary understanding of its molecular pathogenesis. Methods: To gain insight into the molecularmechanisms of HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, we performed microarray analysis on 75 surgical liversamples from 48 HCV-infected patients. Results: There were 395 differentially expressed geness between cirrhoticsamples and HCC samples. Of these, 125 genes were up-regulated and 270 genes were down-regulated. Weperformed pathway enrichment analysis and screened as described previously. Conclusions: The differentiallyexpressed genes might be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis through upregulating the pathways of ECM-receptorinteraction, focal adhesion, cell adhesion molecules and other cancer-related pathways, and downregulating thepathways of “complement and coagulation cascades”. We hope our results could aid in seeking of therapeutictargets for HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma.}, keywords = {Bicluster analysis,pathway enrichment,cirrhosis,Hepatocellular carcinoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26695.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26695_6a74f976cad4bf6a4c747ea819512a65.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Health-related Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Patients and its Influencing Factor in a Chinese Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3747-3750}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life (QOL) of breast cancer patients by using theFunctional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) questionnaires. Methods: A total of 522 adult patientswho were admitted to our hospital with breast cancer were collected during the period of Jun. 2007 to Dec. 2009.Results: Our FACT-B questionnaire study suggested that women below 50 years old, employed, higher educationand annual income, lower TNM stage and receiving modified radical mastectomy manifested significantly betterQOL using the assessment tool of the FACT-B subscale. Moreover, regression analysis indicated patients withyoung age, low stage cancer, high education and income were more likely to have high score of QOL, with ORs(95% CI) of 2.8 (1.52-4.56), 2.1 (1.15-3.95), 3.1 (1.45-5.12) and 3.54 (1.54-5.43), respectively. Conclusion: Ourstudy showed younger age, lower stage of cancer, higher education and income could influence the QOL of breastcancer patients in our Chinese population. Further large sample studies are still needed for confirmation.}, keywords = {Quality of Life,breast cancer,Socioeconomic factors,Chinese population}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26750.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26750_9209f56dc4da2095a7787c79071e6a36.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effect of Tea Polyphenols on the Adhesion of Highly Metastatic Human Lung Carcinoma Cell Lines to Endothelial Cells in Vitro}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3751-3755}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: Tea polyphenols are known to play roles in critical steps of human lung carcinoma cell metastasis.For understanding the mechanisms whereby they inhibit tumor metastasis, the present study was conducted toinvestigate their effects on the adhesion of highly metastatic lung carcinoma cell lines (PG cells) to endothelialcells (EC cells) and adhesion molecule expression in vitro. Methods: The expression of CD44 or CD54 in the PGcells was detected by flow cytometry and adhesion of PG cells to EC cells was assessed by confocal microscopydouble fluorescence staining. Results: The results showed that tea polyphenols: (1) inhibited the expression ofCD44 and CD54, two important adhesion molecules in the PG cells in a dose-dependent manner; (2) significantlyblocked the adhesion of PG cells to EC cells not only in a state of rest but also when active; and (3) influencedCD44 and CD54 expression during the adhesion process of PG cells to EC cells. Conclusion: The data indicatedthat the blocking role of tea polyphenols in the adhesion of PG cells to EC cells is related to CD44 and CD54.The mechanism of tea polyphenol prevention of human lung carcinoma metastasis might be through inhibitingadhesion molecule expression to block cancer cell adhesion.}, keywords = {Tea polyphenol,lung carcinoma,Metastasis,Adhesion molecules}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26751.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26751_ade553332419208362aa4267f7ddd468.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Crocetin Induces Cytotoxicity in Colon Cancer Cells Via p53-independent Mechanisms}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3757-3761}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Crocin has been proposed as a promising candidate for cancer chemoprevention. The purpose ofthis investigation was to investigate the chemopreventive action and the possible mechanisms of crocin againsthuman colon cancer cells in vitro. Methods: Cell proliferation was examined using MTT assay and the cell cycledistribution fractions were analyzed using fow cytometric analysis after propidium iodide staining. Apoptosiswas detected using theTUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit with laser scanning confocal microscope. DNA damagewas assessed using the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay, while expression levels of p53, cdk2, cyclinAand P21 were examined by Western blot analysis. Results: Treatment of SW480 cells with crocetin (0.2, 0.4,0.8 mmol/L) for 48 h signifcantly inhibited their proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Crocetin(0.8 mmol/L) signifcantly induced cell cycle arrest through p53-independent mechanisms accompanied by P21induction. Crocetin (0.8 mmol/L) caused cytotoxicity in the SW480 cells by enhancing apoptosis and decreasingDNA repair capacity in a time-dependent manner. Conclusions: This report provides evidence that crocetin isa potential anticancer agent, which may be used as a chemotherapeutic drug.}, keywords = {Crocetin,Cell cycle,Apoptosis,DNA damage,p21,neoplasm}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26752.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26752_a860f3341621bbea00c10e9646223480.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {MTHFR C677T Polymorphism and Pancreatic Cancer Risk:a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3763-3766}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of folate,and the role of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in pancreatic carcinogenesis is still controversial. Method: Aliterature search was performed using Pubmed and CNKI databases for published studies through May 2012.We performed a meta-analysis of all relevant case-control studies that examined the association between MTHFRC677T polymorphism and pancreatic cancer risk. Results: Finally, 9 individual case-control studies with a totalof 1,299 pancreatic cancer cases and 2,473 controls were included into this meta-analysis. Results: This metaanalysisshowed there was an obvious association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and pancreatic cancerrisk in East Asians (for allele model, OR = 1.67, 95%CI 1.11-2.51; For homozygote model, OR = 2.77, 95%CI1.40-5.48; for recessive model, OR = 1.96, 95%CI 1.54-2.50; for dominant model, OR = 2.11, 95%CI 1.01-4.41).However, no significant association was found in Caucasians. Conclusion: The MTHFR C677T polymorphismis associated with pancreatic cancer risk, and a race-specific effect may exist in this association. More studieswith a larger sample size are needed to further clarify this association.}, keywords = {methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,Genetic polymorphism,Pancreatic cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26753.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26753_c173cee3e1fd7a2d978f45e34c934eec.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Costs During the First Five Years Following Cancer Diagnosis in Korea}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3767-3772}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: We estimated the total medical costs incurred during the 5 years following a cancer diagnosisand annual medical use status for the six most prevalent cancers in Korea. Methods: From January 1to December 31, 2006, new patients registered with the six most prevalent cancers (stomach, liver, lung,breast, colon, and thyroid) were randomly selected from the Korea Central Cancer Registry, with 30% ofpatients being drawn from each cancer group. For the selected patients, cost data were generated usingNational Health Insurance claims data from the time of cancer diagnosis in 2006 to December 31, 2010. Thetotal number of patients selected was 28,509. Five-year total medical costs by tumor site and Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) stage at the time of diagnosis, and annual total medical costs fromdiagnosis, were estimated. All costs were calculated as per-patient net costs. Results: Mean 5-year net costsper patient varied widely, from $5,647 for thyroid cancer to $20,217 for lung cancer. Advanced stage atdiagnosis was associated with a 1.8–2.5-fold higher total cost, and the total medical cost was highest duringthe first year following diagnosis and decreased by the third or fourth year. Conclusions: The costs of cancercare were substantial and varied by tumor site, annual phase, and stage at diagnosis. This indicates the needfor increased prevention, earlier diagnosis, and new therapies that may assist in reducing medical costs.}, keywords = {Prevalent cancers,stomach,Lung,Liver,Breast,Colon,Thyroid,healthcare cost,Korea}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26754.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26754_0890467f07525ec49ea4a9ddc89cc856.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Factors Associated with the Use of Gastric Cancer Screening Services in Korea: The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 (KNHANES IV)}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3773-3779}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: Despite government efforts to increase participation in gastric cancer screening, the rateis still suboptimal in Korea. Therefore, we explored barriers to and predictors of gastric cancer screeningparticipation among a nationally representative sample. Methods: We used the Health Interview Surveysub-dataset derived from the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008(KNHANES IV) to evaluate participation in gastric cancer screening and factors associated with attendancein individuals age ≥40 years. We enrolled 4,464 subjects who completed the questionnaire and were notpreviously diagnosed with gastric cancer. Four groups of factors were considered potential predictorsof gastric cancer screening in a multivariate analysis: sociodemographic, health behavior, psychologicaland cognitive, and dietary factors. Results: Overall, 41.3% complied with the gastric cancer screeningrecommendations. Younger age, lower education level, living without a spouse, frequent binge drinker, andcurrent smoker were significantly associated with less participation in gastric cancer screening. Conclusions:To improve participation in gastric cancer screening, more focused interventions should be directed tovulnerable populations, such as groups with low socioeconomic status or unhealthy behavior. In addition,there should be new promotional campaigns and health education to provide information targeting thesevulnerable populations.}, keywords = {Gastric cancer,Screening,participation,risk factors,Korea}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26755.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26755_aa60148fc6ad24811bdad77fe04045e3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Knockdown of Ezrin by RNA Interference Reverses Malignant Behavior of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells in Vitro}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3781-3789}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive tumors with a dismal prognosis. The membranecytoskeletal crosslinker Ezrin participates in several functions including cell proliferation, adhesion, motilityand survival. There is increasing evidence that Ezrin is overexpressed in vast majority of malignant tumorsand regulates tumor progression. However, its roles in pancreatic cancer remain elusive. Methods: Three pairsof specific Ezrin siRNAs were designed and synthetized and screened to determine the most efficient one forconstruction of a hairpin RNA plasmid targeting Ezrin. After transfection into the Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cellline, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were performed to examine the expression of mRNA andprotein. The MTT method was applied to examine the proliferation and the drug sensibility to Gemcitabine.Flow cytometry was used to assess the cycle and apoptosis, while capacity for invasion was determined withtranswell chambers. Furthermore, we detected phosphorylated-Erk1/2 protein and phosphorylated-Akt proteinby Western blotting. Results: Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting revealed that Ezrin expressionwas notably down-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels by RNA interference (P< 0.01). Proliferationwas inhibited and drug resistance to gemcitabine was improved (P< 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that theproportion of cells in the G1/G0 phase increased (P< 0.01), and in G2/M and S phases decreased (P< 0.05), withno apparent differences in apoptosis (P> 0.05). The capacity for invasion was markedly reduced (P< 0.01). Inaddition, down-regulating Ezrin expression had no effect on phosphorylated-Akt protein (P>0.05), but coulddecrease the level of phosphorylated-Erk1/2 protein (P< 0.05). Conclusions: RNA interference of Ezrin couldinhibit its expression in the pancreatic cancer cells line Panc-1, leading to a potent suppression of malignantbehavior in vitro. Assessment of potential as a target for pancreatic cancer treatment is clearly warranted.}, keywords = {Pancreatic cancer,Ezrin,RNA interference,Cell cycle,Proliferation,Apoptosis,invasiveness}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26756.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26756_3eb55834f416db461f6b6bca29f4908c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognostic Significance of CD44v6/v7 in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3791-3794}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {CD44v, especially splice variants containing exon v6, has been shown to be related closely to development ofdifferent tumors. High levels of CD44v6/v7 have been reported to be associated with invasiveness and metastasisof many malignancies. The objective of this study was to detect expression of CD44v6-containing variants inpatients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and evaluate the potential of CD44v6/v7 for risk stratification.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by PCR product purification, ligationinto T vectors and positive clone sequencing were used to detect CD44 v6-containing variant isoforms in 23APL patients. Real-time quantitative PCR of the CD44v6/v7 gene was performed in patients with APL and inNB4 cells that were treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or arsenic trioxide (As2O3). Sequencing resultsidentified four isoforms (CD44v6/v7, CD44v6/v8/v10, CD44v6/v8/v9/v10, and CD44v6/v7/v8/v9/v10) in bonemarrow mononuclear cells of 23 patients with APL. The level of CD44v6/v7 in high-risk cases was significantlyhigher than those with low-risk. Higher levels of CD44v6/v7 were found in three patients with central nervoussystem relapse than in other patients inthe same risk group. Furthermore, in contrast to ATRA, only As2O3 couldsignificantly down-regulate CD44v6/v7 expression in NB4 cells. Our data suggest that CD44v6/v7 expressionmay be a prognostic indicator for APL.}, keywords = {CD44v,Acute promyelocytic leukemia,extramedullary relapse,Prognosis,As2O3}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26757.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26757_89a30add169ed95cfb64ec87ed1a3e34.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {An Ester Extract of Cochinchina Momordica Seeds Induces Differentiation of Melanoma B16 F1 Cells via MAPKs Signaling}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3795-3802}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cochinchina momordica seeds (CMS) have been widely used due to antitumor activity by Mongolian tribesof China. However, the details of the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we foundthat an EtOAc (ethyl ester) extract of CMS (CMSEE) induced differentiation and caused growth inhibition ofmelanoma B16 F1 cells. CMSEE at the concentration of 5-200 μg/ml exhibited strongest anti-proliferative effectson B16 F1 cells among other CMS fractions (water or petroleum ether). Moreover, CMSEE induced melanomaB16 F1 cell differentiation, characterized by dendrite-like outgrowth, increasing melanogenesis production, aswell as enhancing tyrosinase activity. Western blot analysis showed that sustained phosphorylation of p38 MAPaccompanied by decrease in ERK1/2 and JNK dephosphorylation were involved in CMSEE-induced B16 F1cell differentiation. Notably, 6 compounds that were isolated and identified may be responsible for inducingdifferentiation of CMSEE. These results indicated that CMSEE contributes to the differentiation of B16 F1 cellsthrough modulating MAPKs activity, which may throw some light on the development of potentially therapeuticstrategies for melanoma treatment.}, keywords = {Cochinchina momordica seed,Melanoma,B16 F1,differentiation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26758.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26758_63d9215cc177d4c7ccfd90b6a08fe9f1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prohibitin Induces Apoptosis in BGC823 Gastric Cancer Cells Through the Mitochondrial Pathway}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3803-3807}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Prohibitin (PHB), an evolutionarily-conserved protein, has been found to be over-expressed in gastriccancer and be closely related with tumor malignancy. In this study, to investigate the relationship between PHBexpression and cell apoptosis in the BGC823 gastric cancer cell line, low and high expression PHB in BGC823cells was accomplished using RNA interference technology and gene transfer techniques. Cell proliferation, cellcycling, apoptosis, Bax, Bcl-2 and Cyt.c protein expression and the activation of Caspase-3,9 were assessed after48h. Over-expression of PHB gene in BGC823 cells resulted in slow cell growth, cell arrest in G2 phase, and anincreased apoptosis ratio while the opposite was found for PHB under-expressing cells. In PHB over-expressingcells, the expression of Bax gene was increased, the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased, the activation level ofCaspase-3, 9 was increased, but the activation level of Caspase-8 demonstrated no change. These results indicatethat PHB induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway.}, keywords = {Prohibitin,Apoptosis,BGC823,mitochondrial pathway}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26759.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26759_eb99bd986c2ac8cbbc4b850aaf70809d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Colorectal Cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Need for Screening}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3809-3813}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem in the Kingdom of SaudiArabia (KSA). Our aim was to characterize the epidemiology of CRC in the Saudi population. Design andSetting: Retrospective analysis of all cases of CRC recorded in the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) between January2001 and December 2006 amongst Saudi citizens in KSA. Patients and Methods: Data were retrieved from thedatabase of the SCR. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS. Results: A total of 4,201 cases of CRCwere registered in the SCR. The incidence of CRC increased between 2001 and 2006. The mean age of patientsat the time of diagnosis was 58 years; most patients were above 45 years of age (n=3322; 79.1%). At the timeof diagnosis, 977 patients (23.0%) presented with localized disease and 1,018 (24.0%) had distant metastasis.The most frequent pathological variant was adenocarcinoma (73%), with grade 2 (moderately differentiated)being the most common grade among all variants (61%). For all cancer grades, the frequency of CRC wassignificantly higher among patients >45 years (P=0.004), who presented with more advanced disease (stages IIIand IV) (P=0.012). Based on logistic regression, age >45 years was associated with advanced regional presentation(P=0.001). Tumor grade was associated with advanced regional presentation and metastasis. Conclusion: Therewas an increase in the incidence of CRC between 2001 and 2006. The age at the time of diagnosis was low whencompared with reports from developed countries. A nationwide approach is needed to encourage and illustratethe importance of screening programs.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,Incidence,Epidemiology,Screening,Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26760.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26760_a2fe40bea1066916ae47675303711392.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Increased Frequency of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Mice with Hepatocellular Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3815-3819}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) is a special kind of T cell subset. Studies have showed that Tregcells are involved in a number of physiological processes and pathologic conditions such as autoimmune diseases,transplantation tolerance and cancer. Tregs with unique capacity for immune inhibition can impair anti-tumourimmunity and help tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance. The aim of our study was to investigatewhether Tregs are involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A BABL/C mouse with HCC in situ model wasestablished to evaluate the Treg existence in carcinoma tissues and the changes of Tregs in spleen using flowcytometry and immunohistochemistry methods. Granzyme B expression in carcinoma tissues was analyzedby immunohistochemistry to investigate the tumor local immune status.The proportion of CD4+CD25+/CD4+spleen lymphocytes of tumor bearing mice (18.8%±1.26%) was found to be significantly higher than that innormal mice (9.99%±1.90%) (P<0.01 ). Immunohistochemistry of spleen tissue also confirmed that there wasan increase in Treg in tumor-bearing mice, while in carcinomas it showed Treg cells to be present in tumorinfiltrating lymphocyte areas while Granzyme B was rarely observed. Anti-tumour immunity was suppressed,and this might be associated with the increase of Tregs. Our observations suggest that the CD4+CD25+Treg/CD4+ proportion in spleen lymphocytes can be a sensitive index to evaluate the change of Tregs in hepatocellularcarcinoma mice and the Treg may be a promising therapeutic target for cancer.}, keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,Regulatory T Cell,CD4+CD25+ T cell,FOXP3,Granzyme B}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26761.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26761_26175b86f39e7a7df8f0cfb1f912a193.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association of Four ERCC1 and ERCC2 SNPs with Survival of Bone Tumour Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3821-3824}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: SNPs of ERCC1 and ERCC2 genes have been found to be associated with response to platinum therapyin different clinical settings. In the current study, we investigated the relationship of SNPs in ERCC1 and ERCC2to cisplain response and survival in osteosarcoma patients. Methods: 267 consecutive patients diagnosed withosteosarcoma between January 2003 to January 2005 were followed up until the end of January 2010. ERCC1Asn118Asn, ERCC1 Gln504Lys, ERCC2 Asp312Asn and ERCC2 Lys751Gln polymorphisms were detectedbased upon the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Results: For ERCC1 Asn118Asn, the variant genotype T/Twas strongly significantly associated with a higher event free survival when compared with the wild-type C/C,with an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 0.39 (0.14-0.95). ERCC2 751 A/A genotype showed increased event free survivalof osteosarcoma (HR=0.44; 95%CI=0.10-0.87). However, we did not find significant association of ERCC1Gln504Lys and ERCC2 Asp312Asn polymorphisms with prognosis of osteosarcoma. Conclusion: We first reportassociations of four SNPs, ERCC1 Asn118Asn, ERCC1 Gln504Lys, ERCC2 Asp312Asn and ERCC2 Lys751Gln,with risk of death from osteosarcoma in a Chinese population, indicating ERCC1 118T/T and ERCC2 A/A maybe used as surrogate markers for clinical outcome of osteosarcoma treatmetn with cisplain.}, keywords = {ERCC1,ERCC2,polymorphisms,osteosarcoma,survival,cisplain treatment,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26762.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26762_05809aa992b5050a9079b7db48573654.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Combined Study of Cytogenetics and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) Analysis in Childhood AcuteLymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in a Tertiary Cancer Centre in South India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3825-3827}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {FISH is one of the most sensitive molecular methods to detect genetic abnormalities with DNA probes.When cytogenetic studies are normal or insufficient, FISH may detect cryptic rearrangements, rare or slowlyproliferative abnormal populations in non-mitotic cells. We cytogenetically evaluated 70 childhood ALL - 67.1%were found to have an abnormal karyotype. The 23 patients (32.9%) with a normal karyotype were analyzedby FISH applying two probes; TEL/AML1 and MYB which detect cryptic rearrangements of t(12;21)(p13;q22)and deletion of (6q) respectively, associated with a good prognosis. Out of 23 patients, one was positive fort(12;21)(p13;q22) (4.3%). None of our patients were positive for MYB del(6q). Two patients showed an extrasignal for MYB on chromosomes other than 6 (8.6 %) indicating amplification or duplication. Findings werecompared with the available literature. Our study clearly indicated the integrated FISH screening method toincrease the abnormality detection rate in a narrow range. FISH is less useful for diagnostic study of patientswith suspected del(6q) but it helps in detecting known cryptic rearrangements as well as identification of newabnormalities(translocation , duplication and amplification) at the gene level.}, keywords = {Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia,cytogenetics,fluorescent in situ hybridization,MYB,TEL/ AML1}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26763.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26763_2f97bf1ebc0c69e0c0ca8f7d8c9b2bf4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Women in Malaysia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3829-3833}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the practice and associated factors of breast selfexamination(BSE) among Malaysian women. Methods: For this cross-sectional study 250 women were selectedby a simple random sampling technique. The questionnaire was consisted of three parts: socio-demographiccharacteristics, knowledge about BSE, and practice of BSE. Obtained data was analyzed using SPSS version13. T-test and ANOVA test were used to explore the relation between socio-demographic characteristics and thepractice of BSE. Results: About 32% of the participants reported that they have had family history of cancerand about 20% of the participants reported that they have had family history of breast cancer. The majority ofthe participants (88.8%) have heard about breast cancer and 78.4% of the participants have heard about BSE.Race, marital status, residency, regular exercise, awareness about breast cancer, belief that breast cancer can bedetected early, belief that early detection improves the chance of survival, family history of cancer, family historyof breast cancer, awareness about BSE, and belief that BSE is necessary, significantly influenced the practiceof BSE among women. Practice of BSE on monthly basis was found to be 47.2% among the study participants.Conclusion: The socio-demographic characteristics significantly influence the practice of BSA among womenin Malaysia. The findings of this study might not only influence the planning of specific screening interventionsand strategies in Malaysia but might also be important for the relevant international communities, interestedin the peculiarities of BSE incidence in different countries.}, keywords = {Breast self-examination,General population,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26764.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26764_ae4b8a3e244f21f1780a4bf4ee9ec328.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Practice of HPV Vaccine and Associated Factors among School Girls in Melaka, Malaysia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3835-3840}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the practice and associated factors of HPV vaccineamong school girls in Melaka, Malaysia. Methodology: A total number of 612 secondary school girls participatedin this study. The questionnaire consists of 38 questions which included 3 sections. The first section is about sociodemography.The Second section is about knowledge and awareness of HPV vaccines. The third section is aboutpractices with associated barriers of HPV vaccination. Verbal consent was obtained from all participants, anddata were analyzed using SPSS 13. Results: A total number of 612 secondary school girl students participated inthis study. The mean age was 13.93±SD (1.09); minimum age was 13 years old and maximum was 17 years old.The majority of them was Malay, from rural areas and had a family monthly income of RM 3000 or less (91.8%,53.1%, 69.6%; respectively). The majority of the parents of the school girls were with secondary educationlevel (56.4%). The majority of the participants did not have a family history of cervical cancer (99.0%). Theprevalence of HPV vaccination was 77.9% among school girls in Melaka. The majority of the participants werevaccinated in their schools (77.0%). About 69% knew about cervical cancer and 77.6% had ever heard aboutHPV vaccine. Regarding the factors that influence the practice of uptake HPV vaccine, they were age, race,income, parents’ education, knowledge about cervical cancer, heard about HPV vaccine and place of getting thevaccine (p<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV vaccine among school girls is high. Age, race, income,parents’ education, knowledge about cervical cancer, heard about HPV vaccine and place of getting the vaccinewere the significant factors that influence the practice of uptake HPV vaccine among school girls.}, keywords = {HPV vaccine,Practice,associated factors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26765.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26765_380ce67046a07197ff21f7e34d6c0657.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Knowledge and Perceptions of Cancer and Cancer Prevention among Malaysian Traditional Healers: a Qualitative Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3841-3850}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge and perceptions of Malaysian traditionhealers towards cancer and cancer prevention. Methodology: A total of 25 participants agreed to participatein this qualitative study during the period from 20th July 2011 until 24th of September 2011. The proposal ofthis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Management and Science University (MSU). Once theparticipant agreed to be interviewed, date, time and place of the interviews were determined. Consent formwas obtained from participants before the interview began. Participants were briefed about the study and itspurpose, and after asking their permissions, their replies were recorded. The data was organized into themesand analyzed manually. Results: Twenty-five Malaysian traditional healers participated in this qualitative study.The age of participants ranged between 26 to 78 years old. The majority were in the age group of 31-60 yearsold, male, Chinese, degree holders with a monthly income ranging from 1,000-5,000 Ringgit Malaysia (RM)and were married (56%, 80%, 48%, 52%, 68%, 84% respectively). The majority defined cancer as having highcholesterol or abscess accumulation. A few of them defined cancer as a type of cell growth. The majority mentionedthat food and unhealthy lifestyles are the primary causes of cancer. Surprisingly some of them mentioned thatcancer is caused by interference by ghosts. Regarding the diagnosis of cancer, the majority mentioned that theyrefer their patients to modern physicians’ medical report when it comes to diagnosing or treating patients withcancer. The most common cancers that many patients came to seek treatment were breast cancers, followed bycolon cancers, liver and lung cancers. Conclusion: Despite good knowledgeabout the causes of cancer amongtraditional healers, misconceptions still exist. Insufficient knowledge about the definition of cancer was notedamong the traditional healers. This urges immediate action by the Ministry of Health of Malaysia to set up astrict regulation and regular monitoring of the traditional healers nationally. Traditional and ComplementaryMedicine may be integrated into the healthcare system and need to have sustained cooperation for the benefitof patients since about 80% of patients use traditional medicines.}, keywords = {Perceptions,Cancer Prevention,traditional healers,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26766.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26766_a95cc8d233af82bc8e38484f0cdf2990.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognostic Significance of HER-2/neu and Survival of Breast Cancer Patients Attending a Specialized Breast Clinic in Kolkata, Eastern India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3851-3855}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: The worldwide incidence of breast cancer has increased rapidly in recent years. The scenarioof Eastern India is also showing the same trend. It is necessary to study the utility of HER-2/neu as a prognosticfactor in breast cancer survival. However, there have not been detailed studies in this respect with the breastcancer patients of Eastern India. Thus this study was conducted. Materials and Methods: In this hospital-basedstudy 86 breast cancer patients attending a breast clinic of a reputed institute of Eastern India and having invasiveductal carcinomas were observed for a period of 5 years after surgery. Associations between 5 years observedsurvival and status of ER, PR and HER-2/neu of the patients were critically evaluated. Results: There wasstatistically significant association between survival pattern for 5 years and the HER-2/neu status (p=0.00001).Better survival was observed for the patients with HER-2/neu negative tumors 67(100%) compared to HER-2/neupositive tumors 7(36.8%). Conclusion: There is strong interaction between survival and HER-2/neu expressionof breast cancer patients. Thus the patients with HER-2/neu positive tumors need to be treated aggressively.}, keywords = {Breast cancer &#8211,prognosis - HER-2/neu &#8211,survival - follow-up-Eastern India}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26767.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26767_f3284d3b09026cd9c46125c47d31b7f7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in Tumour Cells and Blood Vessels of Breast Cancer and their Association with Angiogenesis and Hormonal Receptors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3857-3862}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {A total of 96 cases of invasive breast ductal carcinoma were examined for immunohistochemical expressionof Bax and Bcl-2 in the epithelial tumor cells and endothelial cells of the blood vessels. We also investigated theassociation between both proteins in the epithelium in relation to tumor characteristics such as tumor size, grade,lymph node involvement, microvessel density (MVD), hormonal receptors expression and c-erbB-2 overexpression.Bax expression showed a significant association between tumor and endothelial cells (p<0.001) while Bcl-2expression in tumor cells was inversely associated with that in the endothelial cells (p<0.001). Expression ofBcl-2 in tumor cells was strongly associated with expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (p=0.003and p=0.004, respectively). In addition, intratumoral MVD was significantly higher than peritumoral MVD(p<0.001) but not associated with Bax or Bcl-2 expression and other tumor characteristics. We concluded thatthe number of endothelial cells undergoing apoptosis was in direct linkage with the number of apoptotic tumorcells. Anti-apoptotic activity of the surviving tumor cells appears to propagate cancer progression and this wasinfluenced by the hormonal status of the cells. Tumor angiogenesis was especially promoted in the intratumoralregion and angiogenesis was independent of anti-apoptotic activity.}, keywords = {Apoptosis,Angiogenesis,Breast Cancer cells,Blood vessels,hormonal receptors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26768.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26768_36001e552074b8d53455e1f6e807a34a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Mitochondrial D-Loop Polymorphism and Microsatellite Instability in Prostate Cancer and Benign Hyperplasia Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3863-3868}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this study mitochondrial D-Loop variations in Iranian prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) patients were investigated. Tumour samples and corresponding non-cancerous prostate tissue from 40prostate cancer patients and 40 age-matched BPH patients were collected. The entire mtD-loop region (16024-576) was amplified using the PCR method and products were gel-purified and subjected to direct nucleotidesequencing. A total of 129 variations were found, the most frequent being 263AgG and 310TgC among bothBPH and prostate cancer patients. Variation of 309 CgT was significantly more frequent in prostate cancerpatients (P value<0.05). Four novel variations were observed on comparison with the MITOMAP database.Novel variations were np16154delT, np366GgA, np389GgA and 56insT. There was no correspondence betweenthe different variations and the age of subjects. Considering that D-loop variations were frequent in both BPHand prostate cancer patients in our study, the fact that both groups had high average age can be a possiblecontributing factor. D-loop polymorphisms and microsatellite instability can influence cell physiology and resultin a benign or malignant phenotype. Significantly higher frequency of 309 CgT variation in cancer patients isa notable finding and must be a focus of attention in future studies.}, keywords = {Prostate Cancer,Mitochondrial DNA,D-loop,benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26769.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26769_b64a9c473c9bd0ec48e093ee1b192e6a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognostic Factors in First-Line Chemotherapy Treated Metastatic Gastric Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3869-3872}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The majority of patients with gastric cancer in developing countries present with advanceddisease. Systemic chemotherapy therefore has limited impact on overall survival. Patients eligible for chemotherapyshould be selected carefully. The aim of this study was to analyze prognostic factors for survival in advancedgastric cancer patients undergoing first-line palliative chemotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed107 locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer patients who were treated with docetaxel and cisplatin plusfluorouracil (DCF) as first-line treatment between June 2007 and August 2011. Twenty-eight potential prognosticvariables were chosen for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Among the 28 variables of univariateanalysis, nine variables were identified to have prognostic significance: performance status, histology, locationof primary tumor, lung metastasis, peritoneum metastasis, ascites, hemoglobin, albumin, weight loss and bonemetastasis. Multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazard model, including nine prognostic significancefactors evident in univariate analysis, revealed weight loss, histology, peritoneum metastasis, ascites and serumhemoglobin level to be independent variables. Conclusion: Performance status, weight loss, histology, peritoneummetastasis, ascites and serum hemoglobin level were identified as important prognostic factors in advancedgastric cancer patients. These findings may facilitate pretreatment prediction of survival and can be used forselecting patients for treatment.}, keywords = {Gastric cancer,first-line chemotherapy,Prognostic factors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26770.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26770_025ad6ce72d9782f2e77e6fbb1e5ace9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Colorectal Cancer and its Association with the Metabolic Syndrome: a Malaysian Multi-Centric Case-Control Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3873-3877}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are both on the rise in Malaysia.A multi-centric case-control study was conducted from December 2009 to January 2011 to determine anyrelationship between the two. Methods: Patients with confirmed CRC based on colonoscopy findings and cancerfree controls from five local hospitals were assessed for MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation(IDF) definition. Each index case was matched for age, gender and ethnicity with two controls (140: 280). Results:MetS among cases was highly prevalent (70.7%), especially among women (68.7%). MetS as an entity increasedCRC risk by almost three fold independently (OR=2.61, 95%CI=1.53-4.47). In men MetS increased the riskof CRC by two fold (OR=2.01, 95%CI, 1.43-4.56), demonstrating an increasing trend in risk with the numberof Mets components observed. Conclusion: This study provides evidence fora positive association between themetabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer. A prospective study on the Malaysian population is a high priorityto confirm these findings.}, keywords = {Multicentric case-control study,Metabolic Syndrome,colorectal cancer,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26771.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26771_200a9b989455b0df44829742732510a4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Saudi Women’s Interest in Breast Cancer Gene Testing: Possible Influence of Awareness, Perceived Risk and Sociodemographic Factors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3879-3887}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Development of effective educational strategies should accompany increases in publicawareness and the availability of genetic testing for breast cancer (BC). These educational strategies shouldbe designed to fulfill the knowledge gap while considering factors that influence women’s interest in orderto facilitate decision making. Objective: To determine the possible correlates of Saudi women’s interest inBC genes testing including socio-demographics, the level of awareness towards BC genes, the family historyof BC and the perceived personal risk among adult Saudi women in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Subjects andmethods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during the second BC community-based campaign in AlHassa, Saudi Arabia. All Saudi women aged ≥ 18 years (n=781) attending the educational components of thecampaign were invited to a personal interview. Data collection included gathering information about sociodemographics,family history of BC, the perceived personal risk for BC, awareness and attitude towardsBC genes and the women’s interest in BC genes testing. Results: Of the included women (n=599), 19.5%perceived higher risk for BC development, significantly more among < 40 years of age, and with positivefamily history of BC before 50 years of age. The participants demonstrated a poor level of awarenessregarding the inheritance, risk, and availability of BC genetic testing. The median summated knowledgescore was 1.0 (out of 7 points) with a knowledge deficit of 87.8%. The level of knowledge showed significantdecline with age (> 40 years). Of the included women 54.7% expressed an interest in BC genetic testingfor assessing their BC risk. Multivariate regression model showed that being middle aged (Odds Ratio‘OR’=1.88, confidence intervals ‘C.I’=1.14-3.11), with higher knowledge level (OR=1.67, C.I=1.08-2.57) andperceiving higher risk for BC (OR=2.11, C.I=1.61-2.76) were the significant positive correlates for Saudiwomen interest in BC genetic testing. Conclusion: Saudi women express high interest in genetic testingfor BC risk despite their poor awareness. This great interest may reflect the presence of inappropriateinformation regarding BC genetic testing and its role in risk analysis.}, keywords = {breast cancer,genetic testing,awareness,perceived risk,interest,Saudi women}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26772.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26772_6df7c2fa9f0087e95035b57e4bc8d29b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Relationships Between Cause of Cancer and Breast Cancer-Related Factors in Breast Cancer Survivors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3889-3892}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aims: The purposes of this study were to (1) to identify the causes of cancer in breast cancer survivors inTaiwan; and (2) to investigate the influence of demographic characteristics and breast cancer-related factors onthe cause of cancer. Materials and Method: This study details the related investigative results on survivors withbreast cancer using a descriptive and correlational design. A convenience sampling approach was employed.A structured questionnaire was used to assess the participants. Results: A total of 230 breast cancer survivorscompleted the questionnaire. Low-scoring cause of cancer participants were older adults (OR = 2.49, p<0.05) whowere already of menopausal status (OR = 2.28, p < 0.05). Around 72% of particpants agreed high responsibility.Our breast cancer survivors felt stress had caused their breast cancer. Conclusions: These findings are helpfulin understanding the relationship between cause of cancer and related factors in breast cancer survivors.}, keywords = {Breast cancer survivors’,cause of cancer,Taiwan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26773.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26773_f6734cd3924479be7eaa6636a4c065b9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Osaka, Japan: Future Trends Estimation with an Age-Period-Cohort Model}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3893-3898}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {In previous studies we predicted future trends in cancer incidence for each prefecture in order to plan cancercontrol. Those predictions, however, did not take into account the characteristics of each prefecture. We thereforeused the results of age-period-cohort analysis of incidence and mortality data of Osaka, and estimated theincidence and mortality of cancers at all sites and selected sites. The results reflect the characteristics of Osaka,which has and is expected to have large number of patients with liver cancer. We believe our results to be usefulfor planning and evaluating cancer control activities in Osaka. It would be worthwhile to base the estimation ofcancer incidence and mortality in each prefecture on each population-based cancer registry.}, keywords = {Cancer incidence and mortality,Estimation,age-period-cohort model,Japan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26774.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26774_c5b093675ecaf434aabe0158f1446e0a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Functional Analysis of B7-H3 in Colonic Carcinoma Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3899-3903}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {B7-H3 is a newly discovered member of the B7/CD28 superfamily which functions as an important T-cellimmune molecule. It has been reported recently that B7-H3 is highly expressed in many cancer cells, the dataindicating that it may be a regulation factor contributing to tumor-resistance. In our study, we used bioinformaticsto identify differentially expressed genes between colonic cancer cells and normal colonic cells, aiming to analyzemechanisms and identify sub-pathways closely related to progression, with the final aim of finding small moleculedrugs which might interfere this progression. We found that ajmaline is one related factor which may enhanceself-immunity in colon carcinoma therapy and B7-H3 plays important roles with regard to immunoreactions ofcolonic cancer cells. All the results indicate that H7-B3 is a favorable prognostic biomarker for colon carcinomas,providing novel information regarding likely targets for intervention.}, keywords = {B7-H3,colon carcinoma,GSEA,small molecule mimic,focal adhesion}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26775.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26775_c5ddeb6a81e07b652ee03d7441bce40d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Pathway Crosstalk Analysis Based on Protein-protein Network Analysis in Ovarian Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3905-3909}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women aged 35 to 74 years. Although there areseveral popular hypothesis of ovarian cancer pathogenesis, the genetic mechanisms are far from being clear.Recently, systems biology approaches such as network-based methods have been successfully applied to elucidatethe mechanisms of diseases. In this study, we constructed a crosstalk network among ovarian cancer relatedpathways by integrating protein-protein interactions and KEGG pathway information. Several significantpathways were identified to crosstalk with each other in ovarian cancer, such as the chemokine, Notch, Wnt andNOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Results from these studies will provide the groundwork for a combinationtherapy approach targeting multiple pathways which will likely be more effective than targeting one pathwayalone.}, keywords = {Ovarian Cancer,protein-protein network,pathway crosstalk}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26776.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26776_214510db759c4360648954355c6b3835.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Trends in the Incidence of 15 Common Cancers in Hong Kong, 1983-2008}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3911-3916}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The objective of this study WAS to describe cancer incidence rates and trends among THE HongKong population for the period 1983-2008. Methods: Incident cases and population data from 1983 to 2008 wereobtained from the Hong Kong Cancer Registry and the Census and Statistics Department, respectively. Agestandardizedincidence rates (ASIR) were estimated and joinpoint regression was applied to detect significantchanges in cancer morbidity. Results: For all cancers combined, the ASIR showed declining trends (1.37%in men, 0.94% in women), this also being the case for cancers of lung, liver, nasopharynx, stomach, bladder,oesophagus for both genders and cervix cancer for women. With cancer of thyroid, prostate, male colorectal,corpus uteri, ovary and female breast cancer an increase was evident throughout the period. The incidence forleukemia showed a stable trend since early 1990s, following an earlier decrease. Conclusions: Although overallcancer incidence rates and certain cancers showed declining trends, incidence trends for colorectal, thyroid andsex-related cancers continue to rise. These trends in cancer morbidity can be used as an important resource toplan and develop effective programs aimed at the control and prevention of the spread of cancer amongst theHong Kong population. It is particularly useful in allowing projection of future burdens on the society with theincrease in certain cancer incidences.}, keywords = {cancer,time trends,joinpoint analysis,age-standardized incidence rates,Hong Kong}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26777.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26777_1bef4b5d24548b1319054359ba2458b9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy is Associated with in Situ Breast Cancer Risk}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3917-3925}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The relationship between postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) and invasive breast cancerhas been extensively investigated, but that with breast carcinoma in situ (BCIS) has received relatively littleattention. The aim of our present study was to review and summarize the evidence provided by longitudinalstudies on the association between postmenopausal HT use and BCIS risk. Methods: A comprehensive literaturesearch for articles published up to May 2012 was performed. Prior to performing a meta-analysis, the studies wereevaluated for publication bias and heterogeneity. Relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) values were calculatedusing 14 reports (8 case–control studies and 6 cohort studies), published between 1986 and 2012. Results: Therewas evidence of an association between ever postmenopausal estrogen use and BCIS based on a random-effectsmodel (RR = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 1.55). However, we found no strong evidence of anassociation between ever postmenopausal estrogen combined with progesterone use and BCIS using a randomeffectsmodel (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 0.95, 2.51). Furthermore, our analysis showed a strong association between“> 5 years duration” of estrogen or estrogen combined with progesterone use and BCIS. Furthermore, currentuse of any HT is associated with increased risk of BCIS in cohort studies. Additional well-designed large studiesare now required to validate this association in different populations.}, keywords = {Postmenopausal hormone therapy,breast carcinoma in situ}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26778.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26778_467b256377962b3f7fa7652589f05c63.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Literacy and Breast Cancer Prevention: a Population-Based Study from Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3927-3930}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the leading cause of death from canceramong women. Evidence suggests that early diagnosis and screening interventions might help to improveoutcomes. This population-based study was conducted to determine breast cancer awareness and screeningbehavior among Iranian women and to examine its association with women’s literacy. The study was carriedout in two provinces, with 1,477,045 population, located in central and eastern part of Iran. Overall, 770 womenwere studied. Of these, 482 (62.7%) were literate and 287 (37.3%) were not. The results obtained from the dataanalysis indicated that there was a significant difference between literate and illiterate women. Further analysisof the data using logistic regression showed that literacy was an important contributing factor for breast cancerprevention behavior. The findings suggest that in order to improve women’s health and breast cancer outcomesproviding equal educational opportunities for women seems necessary.}, keywords = {Breast cancer awareness,Breast self-examination,Clinical Breast Examination,mammography,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26779.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26779_7b7bc9a64cfd1a01d6a241e11a8f3af5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Variants on ESR1 and their Association with Prostate Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3931-3936}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Epidemiological studies evaluating the association of two variants rs9340799 and rs2234693 onestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) with prostate risk have generated inconsistent results. Methods: A meta-analysis washere conducted to systematically evaluate the relationship of these two variants with prostate cancer susceptibility.Results: For rs9340799, heterozygosity of T/C carriers showed a significant increased prostate cancer risk with apooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.34 (95% CI = 1.06-1.69) while homozygote C/C carriers showed an increased but notstatistically significant association with prostate cancer risk (pooled OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.94-1.79). Comparedto the homozygous TT carriers, the allele C carriers showed a 31% increased risk for prostate cancer (pooledOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.06-1.63). No significant association between the rs2234693 and prostate cancer riskwas found with the pooled OR of 1.15 (95% CI = 0.97-1.39, T/C and C/C vs. T/T) under the dominant geneticmodel. Compared to the homozygote T/T carriers, the heterozygous T/C carriers did not show any significantlydifferent risk of prostate cancer (pooled OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.94-1.36) and the homozygous C/C carriers alsodid not show a significant change for prostate cancer risk compared to the wide-type T/T carriers (pooled OR= 1.26, 95% CI = 0.98-1.62). Conclusions: These data suggested that variant rs9340799, but not rs2234693, onESR1 confers an elevated risk of prostate cancer.}, keywords = {ESR1,Prostate Cancer,polymorphisms,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26780.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26780_6615e1e5a75eef2f943529f016217d62.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {MTHFR C677T Polymorphism and Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3937-3942}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Many studies have investigated possible association between the methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk, but the impact is still unclear owing tothe obvious inconsistencies. This study was performed to quantify the strength of the association with a metaanalysis.Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and CNKI databases for studies relating the associationbetween MTHFR C677T polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk and estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) withconfidence intervals (CIs) for assessment. Results: Finally, eight studies with a total of 3,379 ovarian cancer casesand 4,078 controls were included into this meta-analysis. Overall the showed that MTHFR C677T polymorphismwas not associated with ovarian cancer risk under all genetic models (ORT versus C = 1.03, 95%CI 0.90-1.18; ORTTversus CC = 1.08, 95%CI 0.79-1.47; ORTT versus TC+CC = 1.05, 95%CI 0.80-1.37; ORTT +TC versus CC = 1.05, 95%CI 0.86-1.21).Meta-analyses of studies with confirmation of HWE also showed no significant association. Subgroup analyses byethnicity showed there was no significant association in the Caucasians but MTHFR C677T polymorphic variantT contributed to increased risk of ovarian cancer in East Asians. No evidence of publication bias was observed.Conclusion: Meta-analyses of available data show that MTHFR C677T polymorphism is not associated withovarian cancer risk in Caucasians, but the MTHFR polymorphic variant T may contribute to increased risk inEast Asians.}, keywords = {MTHFR,Polymorphism,Ovarian Cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26781.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26781_cae7338174c23771f09331e0a6e0fe8a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {No Association Between MTHFR A1298C Gene Polymorphism and Head and Neck Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis Based on 9,952 Subjects}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3943-3947}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Findings for associations between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C genepolymorphism and head and neck cancer risk have been conflicting. We therefore performed a meta-analysisto derive a more precise relationship. Methods: Ten published case-control studies were collected and oddsratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between MTHFR A1298Cpolymorphism and head and neck cancer risk. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment also wereperformed to guarantee the statistical power. Results: Overall, no significant association between MTHFR A1298Cpolymorphism and head and neck cancer risk was found in this meta-analysis (C vs. A: OR=1.04, 95%CI=0.87-1.25, P=0.668, Pheterogeneity<0.001; CC vs. AA: OR=1.07, 95%CI=0.70-1.65, P=0.748, Pheterogeneity<0.001; ACvs. AA: OR=1.06, 95%CI=0.88-1.27, P=0.565, Pheterogeneity<0.001; CC+AC vs. AA: OR=1.06, 95%CI=0.86-1.30,P=0.571, Pheterogeneity<0.001; CC vs. AA+AC: OR=1.02, 95%CI=0.69-1.52, P=0.910, Pheterogeneity<0.001). Similarresults were also been found in succeeding analysis of HWE and stratified analysis of ethnicity. Conclusions: Inconclusion, our meta-analysis demonstrates that MTHFR A1298C polymorphism may not be a risk factor fordeveloping head and neck cancer.}, keywords = {MTHFR,Polymorphism,head and neck cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26782.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26782_f0dbf13a7f46bbc3c5d742ba2686ca32.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Epidemiology and Histopathological Spectrum of Head and Neck Cancers in Bihar, a State of Eastern India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3949-3953}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Head and neck cancers are amongst the commonest malignancies, accounting for approximately 20% of thecancer burden in India. The major risk factors are tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol consumption, whichare all preventable. This retrospective study presents data from the histopathology register for a five year periodfrom 2002-2006 at Patna Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary care hospital drawing patients from the entireBihar state, the 3rd most populous state of India with the majority of the population residing in rural areas.Incidence rates based on sex, age, site of lesion, including age standardized incidence rates for males and females,with mean age of presentation, distribution of histological variants and year wise trend were calculated. Out of455 head and neck neoplasias, 241 were benign while 214 were malignant. The most common age group for allmalignant biopsies was 7th decade for males and the 5th decade for females. Malignant cases were commonerin males than females with the male:female ratio of 3.1:1, which was found to be statistically significant by thechi-square (χ2) test. The crude rate and age standardized incidence rate was 0.05 and 0.06 per 100,000 populationrespectively. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) contributed about 96% of all cases, with grade I being the mostcommon. Larynx was the most common site for malignancy, the supraglottic region being its most commonlyaffected sub-site. This observed incidence patterns in the region are a reminder of widespread unawareness,low healthcare utilization with virtually non-existent cancer programs. It also underlines the need to advocatefor reliable cost-effective programs to create awareness, for early detection and plan appropriate managementstrategies. There is a compelling demand for a cancer registry in this region as well as proper implementationof preventive measures to combat this growing threat of cancer, many of whose risk factors are preventable.}, keywords = {Head and neck cancers,Epidemiology,Squamous Cell Carcinoma,histopathology,Bihar,Eastern India}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26783.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26783_b1fe4430be45330def0244b25cf64d9a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {CD4+, IL17 and Foxp3 Expression in Different pTNM Stages of Operable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Effects on Disease Prognosis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3955-3960}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate the effects of CD4+, IL17 and Foxp3 expression on prognosis of operable non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) with different pTNM stages. Methods: Expression of CD4+, IL17 and Foxp3 in 102cases of NSCLC tissues and adjacent cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and associationswith prognosis with different pTNM stages were analyzed. The Chi-square test was used to compare count data.Survival differences were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier single factor analysis and the COX regression model wasused to analyze the relationship between influential factors and the disease prognosis. The significance level wasα = 0.05. Results: Expression of CD4, IL-17 and Foxp3 significantly varied in different pTNM stages of NSCLCtissues (P < 0.05). The same was true for CD4 expression (P < 0.05). The median survival time (MST) in thepositive CD4 expression group was evidently higher than that in the negative group (25.8/23.9 months). Comparedwith stage Ⅲ, the MST difference of stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ in the positive CD4 expression group were statisticallysignificant (P < 0.05). The MST in positive IL-17 and Foxp3 expression groups was obviously lower than that inthe corresponding negative group (P < 0.05) (25.6/35.1 months and 24/35.3 months, respectively). There was asignificant difference of MST between any two of three stages of positive IL-17 expression group (P < 0.05), andit was the same with positive Foxp3 expression group. TNM stage, negative CD4 expression, and positive IL-17and Foxp3 expression were the main risk factors for the prognosis of NSCLC. Conclusions: Surgical prognosisof NSCLC can be better assessed by the combination of clinical staging and expression of IL17 and Foxp3.}, keywords = {non-small cell lung cancer,Tumor Immunity,Prognosis,pTNM staging}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26784.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26784_813c447c325491c388a26a6313efb306.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Versus Radiotherapy Alone for Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3961-3965}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To compare the clinical effects of concurrent radiochemotherapy with those of radiotherapy intreating locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Stage III~IVa). Methods: A total of 95 patients sufferingfrom nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Stage III~IVa) were divided into two groups: concurrent radiochemotherapy(Group CCRT, n=49) and radiotherapy (Group RT, n=46). The two groups were both delivered conventionalfractionated radiotherapy, while Group CCRT also received three cycles of PF (DDP+5-Fu) or PLF (DDP+5-Fu+CF) chemotherapy. Results: The complete remission rate and total remission rate of Group CCRT werehigher than those of Group RT (Ⅹ2=4.72~7.19, P<0.05). The one-year overall survival (OS) rate calculated bythe life table method, was also higher than that of Group RT (Ⅹ2=4.24, P<0.05) as well as the 3-year OS rate,nasopharyngeal control rate and cervical lymph nodes’ control rate (Ⅹ2=4.28~4.40, P<0.05). In addition, the5-year OS and metastasis-free rates of Group CCRT were higher than those of Group RT and the differenceswere of statistical importance (Ⅹ2=3.96~8.26, P﹤0.05). However, acute toxicity was also obviously higher, thedifference in gastrointestinal reactions being statistically significant (Ⅹ2=11.70, P<0.05). Conclusion: This studydemonstrated that concurrent radiochemotherapy could improve the remission rate, overall survival rate andlocally control rate. The toxicity of concurrent radiochemotherapy could be tolerated by the patients.}, keywords = {Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,radiotherapy,Chemotherapy,remission rate,survival rate,Toxicity}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26785.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26785_2ebe44406bbd18843128bf7379b7c1e6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Multivariate Analysis of Molecular Indicators for Postoperative Liver Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer Cases}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3967-3971}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aims: To explore the relationship between various molecular makers and liver metastasis of colorectalcancer (CRC). Method: Using immunohistochemistry, protein expression of CEA, nm23, c-met, MMP2, COX-2, VEGF, EGFR, and CD44 was assessed in 80 CRC cases. The Chi-square test and logistic regression wereperformed to analyze the relationship between these indicators and CRC liver metastasis. Results: There weresignificant differences in expression of CEA, MMP2, CD44, VEGF and EGFR between the liver metastasis andnon metastasis groups (P < 0.05); no significant differences were noted for nm23, c-met, and COX-2 expression.Logistic regression analysis showed that only CEA, VEGF, and EGFR entered into the regression equation,and had significant correlations with CRC liver metastasis (α inclusion= 0.10, α elimination = 0.15, R2 = 0.718).Conclusions: Combination detection of CEA, VEGF, and EGFR may be an effective means to predict CRC livermetastasis. Nm23, c-met, MMP2, COX-2, and CD44, in contrast, are not suitable as prognostic markers.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,post-operative liver metastasis,molecular indicators,multivariate analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26786.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26786_2c20d1165dc2a167fece3d1e17ad5482.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Oral Etoposide for Platinum-Resistant and Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: a Study by the Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3973-3976}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of long-term, low-dose oraletoposide as an advanced treatment option in patients with platinum resistant epithelial ovarian cancer. Materialsand Methods: For the purposes of this study, 51 patients with histologically-confirmed, recurrent or metastaticplatinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) treated at six different centers between January 2006 andJanuary 2011 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were treated with oral etoposide (50 mg/day for a cycleof 14 days, repeated every 21 days). Results: Among the 51 platinum-resistant patients, 17.6% demonstrateda partial response and 25.5% a stable response. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.9 months(95% CI, 2.1-5.7), while the median overall survival was 16.4 months (11.8–20.9). No significant relationship wasobserved between the pre-treatment CA 125 levels, post-treatment CA-125 levels and the treatment responserates (p=0.21). Among the 51 patients who were evaluated in terms of toxicity, grade 1 or 4 hematologic toxicitywas observed in 19 (37.3%); and grade 1-4 gastrointestinal toxicity occurred in 15 patients (29.4%). Conclusions:Chronic low-dose oral etoposide treatment is generally effective and well-tolerated in platinum-resistant ovariancancer patients.}, keywords = {Ovarian Cancer,oral etoposide,Toxicity,PFS}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26787.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26787_1184026f24eb11f203c6ff7f7212cb52.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effects of Valproic Acid on Proliferation, Apoptosis, Angiogenesis and Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer in Vitro and in Vivo}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3977-3982}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Inhibitors of histone deacetylase activity are emerging as a potentially important new class of anticanceragents. In this study, we assessed the anticancer effects of valproic acid (VPA) on ovarian cancer in vitro and invivo. Cultured SKOV3 cells were treated by VPA with different concentrations and time, then the effects on cellgrowth, cell cycle, apoptosis, and related events were investigated. A human ovarian cancer model transplantedsubcutaneously in nude mice was established, and the efficacy of VPA used alone and in combination withdiammine dichloroplatinum (DDP) to inhibit the growth of tumors was also assessed. Proliferation of SKOV3 cellswas inhibited by VPA in a dose and time dependent fashion. The cell cycle distribution changed one treatmentwith VPA, with decrease in the number of S-phase cells and increase in G1-phase. VPA could significantly inhibitthe growth of the epithelial ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells in vivo without toxic side effects. Treatment with VPAcombined with DDP demonstrated enhanced anticancer effects. The result of flow cytometry (FCM) indicatedthat after VPA in vitro and in vivo, the expression of E-cadherin was increased whereas vascular endothelialgrowth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were decreased. This study suggests that VPAcould be a novel attractive agent for treatment of ovarian cancer.}, keywords = {Valproic Acid,Ovarian Cancer,Apoptosis,DDP}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26788.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26788_b02a569800c2d0309ecf91f56fbdd57e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Participation and Barriers to Colorectal Cancer Screening in Malaysia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3983-3987}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {In Malaysia, colorectal cancer is the most common cancer in males and the third most common in females.Mortality due to colorectal cancer can be effectively reduced with early diagnosis. This study was designed tolook into colorectal cancer screening participation and its barriers among average risk individuals in Malaysia.A cross sectional study was conducted from August 2009 till April 2010 involving average risk individuals from44 primary care clinics in West Malaysia. Each individual was asked whether they have performed any of thecolorectal cancer screening methods in the past five years. The barrier questions had three domains: patientfactors, test factors and health care provider factors. Descriptive analysis was achieved using Statistical Programfor Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12.0. A total of 1,905 average risk individuals responded making a responserate of 93.8%. Only 13 (0.7%) respondents had undergone any of the colorectal cancer screening methods inthe past five years. The main patient and test factors for not participating were embarrassment (35.2%) andfeeling uncomfortable (30.0%), respectively. There were 11.2% of respondents who never received any adviceto do screening. The main reason for them to undergo screening was being advised by health care providers(84.6%). The study showed that participation in colorectal cancer screening in Malaysia is extremely low andmultiple factors contribute to this situation. Given the importance of the disease, efforts should be made toincrease colorectal cancer screening activities in Malaysia.}, keywords = {Colorectal cancer screening &#8211,participation - barriers - colorectal cancer - uptake}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26789.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26789_30cb7687c755ba081c31801663bf85d8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Anticancer Activity of Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. Ex. Delile Subsp. indica Against Dalton’s Ascitic Lymphoma Induced Solid and Ascitic Tumor Model}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3989-3995}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of A.nilotica extract against Dalton’s asciticlymphoma (DAL) induced solid and ascitic tumors in BALB/c mice. Experimental animals received A.niloticaextract (10 mg/kg.bw) intraperitoneally for 10 and 14 consecutive days before induction of solid and ascitictumors, respectively. Treatment with A.nilotica extract significantly decreased the development of tumor andpercentage increase in body weight when compared to DAL induced solid tumor control group, also increasing thelife span, restoring the total white blood cell count and hemoglobin content and significantly decreasing the levelsof serum aspartate transaminase (SGPT), alanine transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT) and nitric oxide (NO) when compared to DAL induced ascitic tumor controls. Thetreatment also reduced significantly the cellular glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide levels in treated animals.Histopathological studies also confirmed protective influence. The outcome of the present work indicates thatA.nilotica extract could be used as natural anticancer agent for human health.}, keywords = {Acacia nilotica,Dalton’s ascitic lymphoma,Solid Tumor,ascitic tumor,Anticancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26790.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26790_a429a77821ff92a625a2fe08b5bb0da2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Identification of Genes and MicroRNAs Involved in Ovarian Carcinogenesis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {3997-4000}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play roles in the clinic, both as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The identification ofrelevant microRNAs is critically required for ovarian cancer because of the prevalence of late diagnosis and poortreatment options currently. To identify miRNAs involved in the development or progression of ovarian cancer,we analyzed gene expression profiles downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. Comparison of expressionpatterns between carcinomas and the corresponding normal ovarian tissues enabled us to identify 508 genesthat were commonly up-regulated and 1331 genes that were down-regulated in the cancer specimens. Functionannotation of these genes showed that most of the up-regulated genes were related to cell cycling, and most ofthe down-regulated genes were associated with the immune response. When these differentially expressed geneswere mapped to MiRTarBase, we obtained a total of 18 key miRNAs which may play important regulatory rolesin ovarian cancer. Investigation of these genes and microRNAs should help to disclose the molecular mechanismsof ovarian carcinogenesis and facilitate development of new approaches to therapeutic intervention.}, keywords = {MicroRNA,Ovarian Cancer,differentially expressed genes,Gene ontology}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26791.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26791_000961b84ac1260a9994ebd6e8927519.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression of Smoothened Protein in Colon Cancer and its Prognostic Value for Postoperative Liver Metastasis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4001-4005}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Backgrouds: The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is composed of patched (PTCH) and smoothened (SMO),two transmembrane proteins, and downstream glioma-associated oncogene homolog (Gli) transcription factors.Hh signaling plays a pathological role in the occurrence and development of various cancers. Methods: Toinvestigate the expression of SMO protein in colon cancer and its association with clinicopathological parametersand postoperative liver metastasis, immunohistochemistry was performed with paraffin-embedded specimensof 96 cases. Relationships between SMO protein expression and clinicopathological parameters, postoperativeliver metastasis were analyzed. Results: IHC examination showed that SMO protein expression was significantlyincreased in colon cancer tissues compared to normal colon tissues (P = 0.042), positively related to lymph nodemetastases (P = 0.018) and higher T stages (P = 0.026). Postoperative live metastasis-free survival was significantlylonger in the low SMO expression group than in those with high SMO expression (48.7±8.02 months vs 28.0±6.86months, P=0.036). Multivariate analysis showed SMO expression level to be an independent prognostic factorfor postoperative live metastasis-free survival (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.46-2.82, P = 0.008). Conclusions:Our results suggest that in patients with colon cancer, the SMO expression level is an independent biomarkerfor postoperative liver metastasis, and SMO might play an important role in colon cancer progression.}, keywords = {Colon neoplasm,smoothened gene,postoperative liver metastasis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26792.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26792_54148d516b3d76fb19568a9351d7414a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Contribution of RIZ1 to Regulation of Proliferation and Migration of a Liver Fluke-Related Cholangiocarcinoma Cell}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4007-4011}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: Retinoblastoma-interacting zinc finger gene (RIZ1) is a tumor suppressor gene which is highlyinactivated by promoter hypermethylation in patients with liver fluke-related cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).Epigenetic aberration of this gene might withdraw the ability to restrain tumor cell proliferation and migration.We aimed to define the role of RIZ1 on cell proliferation and migration in CCA cell line. Materials and methods:Small interference RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down the expression of RIZ1 in a CCA-derived cell linein which cell proliferation and cell migration were performed. Results: A predominant nuclear localization ofRIZ1 was observed. Reduction of RIZ1 by siRNA augmented cell proliferation and migration. Conclusion: Theresult suggested that RIZ1 might play a role in regulating cell proliferation and migration in CCA. Reductionof RIZ1 expression may aggravate the progression of CCA.}, keywords = {RIZ1,tumor suppressor,cholangiocarcinoma,siRNA,Cell migration,Cell proliferation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26793.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26793_1750eff1d0f6ba4b040a5494e6f2ddcc.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Various Aspects, Patterns and Risk Factors in Breast Cancer Patients of Balochistan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4013-4016}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy of females throughout the world with one million newcases each year. In Pakistan, the burden of breast cancer disease is high with late stage presentation being acommon feature, more than half being stage III or stage IV. The objective of this study was to study variousaspects, patterns and risk factors in breast cancer patients of Balochistan. Method: Present study was performedon 134 patients of breast cancer who were registered in CENAR. The patients were interviewed by providing aquestionnaire. Informed consent was taken from all the patients who took part in this study after explanation ofthe study aims. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated andbiopsy reports were obtained from patients files. Allthe cases were classified with respect to age, gender, ethnic group (Baloch, Pashtoon, Punjabi, Afghani, Hazara)BMI, cancer type, cancer grade, hormonal status, side of the cancer, fertility and marital status. Results: Outof 134 patients, the most common ethnic group was Pashtoon with a total of 42 and the common age group was41-50 years with a total of 51. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most common type, accounting for in128 patients (95.5%) followed by invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Conclusion: Pashtoon was the most commonethnic group, IDC was common type and most of the patients had an ER/PR positive hormonal status.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Balochistan,hereditary cancer,CENAR cancer registry}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26794.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26794_e586fe737524cef9ff15d5bb9499b34e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Risk Factors for Rectal Cancer and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphisms in a Population in Northeast Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4017-4023}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Aim: Polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are known to beassociated with predisposition for certain cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lifestyle factors,family history and genetic polymorphisms in MTHFR C677T and A1298C on rectal cancer risk and possibleinteractions with lifestyle factors in Northeast Thailand. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study wasconducted during 2002-2006 with recruitment of 112 rectal cancer cases and 242 non-rectal cancer patient controls.Information was collected using a structured-questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained for assay of MTHFRC677T and A1298C genotypes by polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) techniques. Associations between lifestyle factors, family history and genetic polymorphisms v.s.rectal cancer risk were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results: Subjects with frequent and occasionalconstipation had a higher risk (ORadj.=14.64; 95%CI=4.28-50.04 and ORadj.=2.15; 95%CI=1.14-4.06), along withthose who reported ever having hemorrhoids (ORadj.=2.82; 95%CI=1.36-5.84) or a family history of cancer(ORadj.=1.90; 95%CI=1.06-3.39). Consumption of a high level of pork was also associated with risk (ORadj.=1.82;95%CI=1.05-3.15). Interactions were not observed between MTHFR and other risk factors. Conclusions: Thisstudy suggested that the risk factors for rectal cancer in the Thai population are bowel habits, having hadhemorrhoids, a family history of cancer and pork consumption.}, keywords = {Risk factors - methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase - polymorphisms,rectal cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26795.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26795_4ac1bf51dd642b6590db845e2a9bf0a8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Is Short-term Exercise a Therapeutic Tool for Improvementof Cardioprotection Against DOX-induced Cardiotoxicity? An Experimental Controlled Protocol in Rats}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4025-4030}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Objective: Cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress is a life-threatening side effect of doxorubicin(DOX). We investigate the effects of short-term exercise as therapeutic tool for improvement of cardioprotectionagainst DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in the rat. Methods: Wistar males (weighing 257±28 g) were divided intosix groups: (1) control+placebo (2) control+DOX 10 mg.kg-1 (3) control+DOX 20mg.kg-1 (4) training+placebo (5)training+ DOX10 mg.kg-1 (6) training+DOX 20mg.kg-1. Cardiotoxicity was induced by DOX (10 and 20 mg.kg-1).The rats in groups 4, 5 and 6 experienced treadmill running of 25 to 39 min.day-1 and 15 to 17 m.min-1, 5 days/wk for 3 wk. At the end of the endurance training program, rats in the 1 and 4 groups, in the 2 and 5 groups andin the 3 and 6 groups received saline solution, DOX 10 mg.kg-1 and DOX 20 mg.kg-1, respectively. Result: DOXadministration (10 and 20 mg.kg-1) caused significant increase in MDA and Apelin, an insignificant increase in NOand a significant decrease in SOD, as compared to the C+P group. Three weeks of the pretreatment enduranceexercise resulted in a significant increase of Apelin and SOD, an insignificant increase of NO and an insignificantdecrease of MDA, as compared to the C+P group. Furthermore, after three weeks of endurance training and DOXtreatment with 10mg.kg-1 and 20mg.kg-1, a significant increase in apelin and SOD, and a significant decrease inMDA were detected in comparison to C+DOX10 and/or C+DOX20 groups. There was a significant differencebetween DOX10 mg.kg-1 and DOX20 mg.kg-1 treatments in MDA levels only. Conclusion: Pretreatment exercisemay improve myocardial tolerance to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibition of oxidative stress and upregulationof antioxidants in heart tissue.}, keywords = {Cardiac toxicity,doxorubicin,oxidative stress,aerobic training,rat model}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26796.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26796_92754c863670517c4cb31b3d311b4480.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Reconstructed Adeno-Associated Virus with the Extracellular Domain of Murine PD-1 Induces Antitumor Immunity}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4031-4036}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The negative signaling provided by interactions of the co-inhibitory molecule, programmeddeath-1 (PD-1), and its ligands, B7-H1 (PD-L1) and B7-DC (PD-L2), is a critical mechanism contributing totumor evasion; blockade of this pathway has been proven to enhance cytotoxic activity and mediate antitumortherapy. Here we evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy of AAV-mediated delivery of the extracellular domain ofmurine PD-1 (sPD-1) to a tumor site. Material and Methods: An rAAV vector was constructed in which theexpression of sPD-1, a known negative regulator of TCR signals, is driven by human cytomegalovirus immediateearly promoter (CMV-P), using a triple plasmid transfection system. Tumor-bearing mice were then treated withthe AAV/sPD1 construct and expression of sPD-1 in tumor tissues was determined by semi quantitative RT-PCR,and tumor weights and cytotoxic activity of splenocytes were measured. Results: Analysis of tumor homogenatesrevealed sPD-1 mRNA to be significantly overexpressed in rAAV/sPD-1 treated mice as compared with controllevels. Its use for local gene therapy at the inoculation site of H22 hepatoma cells could inhibit tumor growth, alsoenhancing lysis of tumor cells by lymphocytes stimulated specifically with an antigen. In addition, PD-1 was alsofound expressed on the surfaces of activated CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: This study confirmed that expression ofthe soluble extracellular domain of PD-1 molecule could reduce tumor microenvironment inhibitory effects onT cells and enhance cytotoxicity. This suggests that it might be a potential target for development of therapiesto augment T-cell responses in patients with malignancies.}, keywords = {PD-1,sPD-1,B7H1,Gene Therapy,tumor immunotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26797.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26797_f4591c198a7e64d3c9505142bb300fa4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {HOCl Oxidation-modified CT26 Cell Vaccine Inhibits Colon Tumor Growth in a Mouse Model}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4037-4043}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Despite progress in elucidating mechanisms associated with colorectal cancer and improvement of treatmentmethods, it remains a frequent cause of death worldwide. New and more effective therapies are therefore urgentlyneeded. Recent studies have shown that immunogenicity of whole ovarian tumor cells and subsequent T cellresponse were potentiated by oxidation modification with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in vitro and ex vivo. Theseresults prompted us to investigate the protective antitumor response with an HOCl treated CT26 colorectal cancercell vaccine in an in vivo mouse model. Administration of HOCl modified vaccine triggered robust antitumorimmunity to autologous tumor cells in mice and prolonged survival period significantly. In addition, increasednecrosis and apoptosis were found in tumor tissue from the oxidation group. Interestingly, ELISPOT assaysshowed that specific T cell responses were not elicited in response to the immunizing cellular antigen, in contrastto raising sera antibody titer and antibody binding activity shown by ELISA assay and flow cytometry. Furtherevaluation of the mechanisms underlying HOCl modified vaccine mediated humoral immunity highlighted therole of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These results combined with previous studies suggestthat HOCl oxidation modified whole cell vaccine has wide applicability as a cancer vaccine because it can targetboth T cell- and B cell-specific responses. It may thus represent a promising approach for the immunotherapyof colorectal cancer.}, keywords = {HOCl,colorectal cancer,ADCC,Antibody,dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26798.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26798_3aaa55f5387c96d7b1fe0c8a841f9095.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Conservative Neck Dissection in Oral Cancer Patients: a 5 Year Retrospective Study in Malaysia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4045-4050}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The impact of ablative oral cancer surgery was studied, with particular reference to recurrence andnodal metastasis, to assess survival probability and prognostic indicators and to elucidate if ethnicity influencesthe survival of patients. Methods: Patients who underwent major ablative surgery of the head and neck regionwith neck dissection were identified and clinical records were assessed. Inclusion criteria were stage I-IV oraland oropharyngeal malignancies necessitating resection with or without radiotherapy from 2004 to 2009. Allindividuals had a pre-operative assessment prior to the surgery. The post operative assessment period rangedfrom 1 year to 5 years. Survival distributions were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: 87 patients(males:38%; females:62%) were included in this study, with an age range of 21-85 years. Some 78% underwentneck dissections while 63% had surgery and radiotherapy. Nodal recurrence was detected in 5.7% while 20.5%had primary site recurrence within the study period. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the mediansurvival time was 57 months. One year overall survival (OS) rate was 72.7% and three year overall survival ratedropped to 61.5%. On OS analysis, the log-rank test showed a significant difference of survival between Malayand Chinese patients (Bonferroni correction p=0.033). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) analysis revealed that25% of the patients have reached the event of recurrence at 46 months. One year RFS rate was 85.2% and thethree year survival rate was 76.1%. In the RFS analysis, the log-rank test showed a significant difference in theevent of recurrence and nodal metastasis (p<0.001). Conclusion: Conservative neck is effective, in conjunctionwith postoperative radiotherapy, for control of neck metastases. Ethnicity appears to influence the survival ofthe patients, but a prospective trial is required to validate this.}, keywords = {Nodal metastasis,oral squamous cell carcinoma,neck dissection,Recurrence,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26799.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26799_cb0d1742416e52421c4f92d80f220ef1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel Extract Efficacy as a Dietary Antioxidant against Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Cancer in Rat}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4051-4055}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Functional foods include antioxidant nutrients which may protect against many human chronic diseasesby combating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The purpose of the present study was to investigatethe protective effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumorsin rats as an in vivo experimental model. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats (4 weeks old) were randomly dividedinto 4 groups containing 10 rats per group, and were treated with either AOM, PPE, or PPE plus AOM orinjected with 0.9% physiological saline solution as a control. At 8 weeks of age, the rats in the AOM andPPE plus AOM groups were injected with 15 mg AOM/kg body weight, once a week for two weeks. After thelast AOM injection, the rats were continuously fed ad-libitum their specific diets for another 6 weeks. At theend of the experiment (i.e. at the age of 4 months), all rats were killed and the colon tissues were examinedmicroscopically for lesions suspected of being preneoplastic lesions or tumors as well as for biochemicalmeasurement of oxidative stress indices. The results revealed a lower incidence of aberrant crypt foci inthe PPE plus AOM administered group as compared to the AOM group. In addition, PPE blocked theAOM-induced impairment of biochemical indicators of oxidative stress in the examined colonic tissuehomogenates. The results suggest that PPE can partially inhibit the development of colonic premalignantlesions in an AOM-induced colorectal carcinogenesis model, by abrogating oxidative stress and improvingthe redox status of colonic cells.}, keywords = {Azoxymethane model,Colon cancer,pomegranate peel extract,oxidative stress,dietary antioxidants}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26800.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26800_451895a86bd1864a9421456b802404f8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Awareness regarding Risk Factors, Symptoms and Treatment Facilities for Cancer in Selected States of India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4057-4062}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To study the level of awareness and knowledge about cancers and associated risk factors amonghouseholds in selected states of India. Methods: In the study 3070 households were interviewed from six statesviz, West Bengal, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Mizoram. Results: Knowledge of cancers other thanthose related to tobacco was very low (prostrate 8%, colon 11% ) among the communities, with a poor awarenessof warning signs and symptoms. The knowledge varied from state to state. It is found that the major sourceof information related to cancers was television (38%) followed by friends and relatives (36%). Only about 15% of respondents had knowledge about cancer awareness camps organized in their districts but they did nothave knowledge about the organizers of the camp. Findings suggested a strong need for strengthening of DCCP.Conclusion: It is important to create awareness among community through educational programs on cancerprevention, preventable cancer risk factors, benefits of early diagnosis, and availability of screening facilities.Integration of District Cancer Control activities with NRHM could be the most cost-effective strategy to preventcancers and rural population.}, keywords = {awareness,types of cancer,risk factors,symptoms of cancer,diagnosis and treatment,Screening}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26801.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26801_65426e3a7d53299bbbdbfe3845b5911c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinical Outcome of Breast Cancer BI-RADS 4 Lesions During 2003-2008 in the National Cancer Institute Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4063-4066}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {To determine the clinical outcome of breast cancer BI-RADS 4 lesions and seek a more effective managementguideline, we conducted a retrospective study of all BI-RADS4 patients diagnosed between 2003-2008 with followup time not less than 2 years. A total of 392 cases of BI-RADS 4 were identified and 320 could be sub-categorisedas 4a, 4b and 4c. Overall malignant positive results were 7.65, 38.7 and 58.percent, respectively. In all casesassigned to the close follow up group, no malignancy was detectable (P<0.02). The results of the study suggestedthat BI-RADS sub-categories have benefit for cancer diagnosis and treatment decisions of clinicians and it mightbe possible to set up a safe follow-up guideline in selected groups of patients to minimize un-necessary tissuebiopsy for breast cancer detection.}, keywords = {breast cancer,mammography,BIRADS,breast screening}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26802.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26802_33d8698d6e73f558ad2a4d4e160d53e8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Suppressive Effect of Pioglitazone, a PPAR Gamma Ligand, on Azoxymethane-induced Colon Aberrant Crypt Foci in KK-Ay Mice}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4067-4073}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Obesity is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer. Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferatoractivatedreceptorγ (PPARγ) agonist that induces differentiation in adipocytes and induces growth arrestand/or apoptosis in vitro in several cancer cell lines. In the present study, we investigated the effect ofpioglitazone on the development of azoxymethane-induced colon aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in KK-Ayobesity and diabetes model mice, and tried to clarify mechanisms by which the PPARγ ligand inhibitsACF development. Administration of 800 ppm pioglitazone reduced the number of colon ACF / mouseto 30% of those in untreated mice and improved hypertrophic changes of adipocytes in KK-Ay mice withsignificant reduction of serum triglyceride and insulin levels. Moreover, mRNA levels of adipocytokines,such as leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, in the visceralfat were decreased. PCNA immunohistochemistry revealed that pioglitazone treatment suppressed cellproliferation in the colorectal epithelium with elevation of p27 and p53 gene expression. These results suggestthat pioglitazone prevented obesity-associated colon carcinogenesis through improvement of dysregulatedadipocytokine levels and high serum levels of triglyceride and insulin, and increase of p27 and p53 mRNAlevels in the colorectal mucosa. These data indicate that pioglitazone warrants attention as a potentialchemopreventive agent against obesity-associated colorectal cancer.}, keywords = {Pioglitazone,Obesity,PPAR gamma,aberrant crypt foci}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26803.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26803_53b3b068f84ab15cf15e8cf40dcdbed7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Anti-Proliferation Effects of Benzimidazole Derivatives on HCT-116 Colon Cancer and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4075-4079}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Benzimidazoles 1-4 were obtained using modified synthesis methods and studied for their ability to inhibitcell proliferation of colon cancer cell HCT-116 and breast cancer cell MCF-7 using MTT assays. In the HCT-116cell line, benzimidazole 2 was found to have an IC50 value of 16.2±3.85 μg/mL and benzimidazole 1 a value of28.5±2.91 μg/mL, while that for benzimidazole 4 was 24.08±0.31 μg/mL. In the MCF-7 cell line, benzimidazole4 had an IC50 value of 8.86±1.10 μg/mL, benzimidazole 2 a value of 30.29±6.39 μg/mL, and benzimidazole 1 avalue of 31.2±4.49 μg/mL. Benzimidazole 3 exerted no cytotoxity in either of the cell lines, with IC50 values >50μg/mL. The results suggest that benzimidazoles derivatives may have chemotherapeutic potential for treatmentof both colon and breast cancers.}, keywords = {Benzimidazole,Hydroxyl group,benzyloxy group,Anti-proliferation,HCT-116,MCF-7,MTT assay}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26804.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26804_805a78463bd2a948c19dcdc430a77820.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Breast Cancer Survivors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4081-4086}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is prevalent among individuals with cancer, especiallybreast cancer survivors. This study was conducted among 394 breast cancer survivors in selected regions ofPeninsular Malaysia to identify the pattern and factors associated with CAM use. About 51% of the respondentsreported CAM use as complementary treatment. Vitamins (47.2%), spiritual activities (33.2%) and other dietarysupplements (30.7%) were the most commonly used CAM therapies. Common reasons for CAM use were toincrease the body’s ability to perform daily activities (70.9%), enhance immune function (58.3%) and improveemotional well-being (31.7%). Users obtained CAM information mainly from friends and family members(62.5%), physicians (25.0%) and mass media (13.9%). Ethnicity and years of education were significantlyassociated with CAM use. Although no adverse effects of CAM were reported, breast cancer survivors shoulddiscuss their CAM use with health professionals to prevent potential adverse effects of these therapies.}, keywords = {Breast cancer survivors,CAM,ethnicity,years of education,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26805.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26805_e56f19116f968a6893748683428e65a6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Polymorphisms in the Thymidylate Synthase Gene and Risk of Colorectal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4087-4091}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {To evaluate the relationship between polymorphisms (28 bp repeated sequences in 5’-UTR and 6-bp ins/del in 3’-UTR) in then thymidylate synthetase gene (TS) and risk of colorectal, colon and rectal cancers, weconducted a case-control study with 315 cases of colorectal cancer and 439 population-based controls in Jiangsuprovince, China. TS genotypes were identified using PCR–RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism)methods. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with an unconditional logistic regression model. We found that thedistributions of 5’-UTR genotypes in TS were significantly different between controls and male colon cases (χ2=8.25, P = 0.016). Compared with 3R/3R genotype, individuals with the 2R allele were at an increased risk ofcolon cancer (age-, BMI-, smoking- and alcohol drinking-adjusted OR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.11-3.53) among men. Inccontrast, the 6-bp ins/del polymorphism at the TS 3’- UTR did not influence risk of the colorectal, colon andrectal cancers. When combined genotypes for both TS 5’-UTR and 3’-UTR polymorphisms were evaluated,individuals with the 5’-UTR 2R allele had a OR of 3.61 (95%CI: 1.38-9.49) for colon cancer among men withthe 3’-UTR –6bp/-6bp genotype. These results show that the polymorphism of the 28 bp repeated sequences inTS 5’-UTR could influence susceptibility to colon cancer and that there was a coordinated effect between TS3’-UTR and 5’-UTR polymorphisms in increasing risk of colon cancer among Chinese men.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,thymidylate synthetase,Genetic polymorphism}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26806.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26806_44e2c74f9942c42add84dd310b0bfe78.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Pituitary Adenoma Biomarkers Identified Using Proteomic Fingerprint Technology}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4093-4095}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To determine whether pituitary adenomas can be diagnosed by identifying protein biomarkersin the serum. Methods: We compared serum proteins from 65 pituitary adenoma patients and 90 healthydonors using proteomic fingerprint technology combining magnetic beads with matrix assisted laser desorptionionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Results: A total of 42 M/Z peaks were identifiedas related to pituitary adenoma (P<0.01). A diagnostic model established based on three biomarkers (3382.0,4601.9, 9191.2) showed that the sensitivity of diagnosing pituitary adenoma was 90.0% and the specificity was88.3%. The model was further tested by blind analysis showing that the sensitivity was 88.0% and the specificitywas 83.3%. Conclusions: These results suggest that proteomic fingerprint technology can be used to identifypituitary adenoma biomarkers and the model based on three biomarkers (3382.0, 4601.9, 9191.2) provides apowerful and reliable method for diagnosing pituitary adenoma.}, keywords = {Pituitary adenoma,proteomic fingerprint,diagnostic model}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26807.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26807_e67b0429e0d429240b00d417cc8faf95.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Diabetes Mellitus and Prostate Cancer Risk in Asian Countries: a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4097-4100}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background/Aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is widely considered to be associated with risk of cancer, but studiesinvestigating the association between DM and prostate cancer in Asian countries have reported inconsistentfindings. We examined this association by conducting a detailed meta-analysis of studies published on the subject.Methods: Cohort or case-control studies were identified by searching Pubmed, Embase and Wanfang databasesthrough May 30, 2012. Pooled relative risk (RR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) werecalculated using the random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed by the study type. Results: Finally,we identified 7 studies (four cohort studies and three case-control studies) with a total of 1,751,274 subjectsfrom Asians. DM was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in Asians (unadjusted RR= 2.82, 95%CI 1.73–4.58, P < 0.001; adjusted RR= 1.31, 95% CI 1.12–1.54, P = 0.001). Subgroup analyses by study designfurther confirmed an obvious association. Conclusion: Findings from this meta-analysis strongly support thatdiabetes is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in Asians.}, keywords = {Diabetes Mellitus,Prostate Cancer,Meta-analysis,Asian populations}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26808.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26808_d272a9638341cf2c16bd7c8779ed86ec.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Protective Effect of Melatonine Against Radiation Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4101-4105}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: The degree of radiation injury to kidneys which are located within the limits of radiotherapyarea is determined by the volume and the dose of radiation to which the organ is exposed. When the tolerancedose of the kidney is exceeded after a latent period of 6 months acute nephritis develops and after 18 monthschronic nephritis ensues. Melatonin is known to prevent the oxidative injury of toxins and radiotherapy withits free radical scavenging capacity. Methods and materials: In this study 8 weeks old 24 Sprague –Dawley ratswere allocated into 4 groups: Control group; Radiotherapy group (20 Gy bilaterally in 5 fractions); Melatoningroup (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally), and Melatonin+radiotherapy group (20 Gy Radiotherapy in 5 fractions+melatonin 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally). After a follow-up period of 6 months BUN was determined in all groups.After rats were euthanized the kidneys were removed for histopathological examination under both light andelectron microscopes. Results: After 6 months follow-up, both at light and electron microscopy levels, therats in radiotherapy+melatonin group were significantly protected against the radiation injury comparing toradiotherapy group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was shown in this experimental model that melatonin has protectiveeffects against radiation injury to kidneys.}, keywords = {radiotherapy,Nephrotoxicity,melatonine,rat model}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26809.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26809_f20a3c825bae80b3e32d16595fef78ae.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Green Tea Polyphenol Protection Against 4-Nitroquinoline 1-Oxide-Induced Bone Marrow Lipid Peroxidation and Genotoxicity in Wistar Rats}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4107-4112}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) a potent oral carcinogen, widely used for induction of oral carcinogenesis,has been found to induce lipid peroxidation in vivo and in vitro. Green tea contains a high content of polyphenols,which are potent antioxidants. Thus green tea polyphenols (GTP) might be expected play a protective role against4-NQO induced lipid peroxidation and bone marrow toxicity. In the present study, a dose of 200 mg of GTP/kgb.wt/day was given orally for a week, simultaneously animals received 0.2 ml of 0.5% 4-NQO in propylene glycol(5 mg/ml) injected intramuscularly for three times/week. Oxidants and antioxidants such as malendialdehyde(MDA) and thiols, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) andcatalase (CAT) were significantly decreased in 4-NQO induced animals except MDA, and these parameters werebrought back to near normalcy on treatment with GTP. The results suggest that GTP treatment offers significantprotection against 4-NQO induced lipid peroxidation and bone marrow toxicity and might be a promisingpotential candidate for prevention of mutations leading to cancer.}, keywords = {green tea polyphenols,4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide,Bone Marrow,Lipid peroxidation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26810.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26810_b68a9f5a2ca5b8da375fc8f319ea4302.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association of Poor Prognosis Subtypes of Breast Cancer with Estrogen Receptor Alpha Methylation in Iranian Women}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4113-4117}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast cancer is a prevalent heterogeneous malignant disease. Gene expression profiling by DNA microarraycan classify breast tumors into five different molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER-2, basal and normallikewhich have differing prognosis. Recently it has been shown that immunohistochemistry (IHC) markersincluding estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(Her2), can divide tumors to main subtypes: luminal A (ER+; PR+/-; HER-2-), luminal B (ER+;PR+/-; HER-2+),basal-like (ER-;PR-;HER2-) and Her2+ (ER-; PR-; HER-2+). Some subtypes such as basal-like subtype have beencharacterized by poor prognosis and reduced overall survival. Due to the importance of the ER signaling pathwayin mammary cell proliferation; it appears that epigenetic changes in the ERα gene as a central component of thispathway, may contribute to prognostic prediction. Thus this study aimed to clarify the correlation of differentIHC-based subtypes of breast tumors with ERα methylation in Iranian breast cancer patients. For this purposeone hundred fresh breast tumors obtained by surgical resection underwent DNA extraction for assessedment oftheir ER methylation status by methylation specific PCR (MSP). These tumors were classified into main subtypesaccording to IHC markers and data were collected on pathological features of the patients. ERα methylation wasfound in 25 of 28 (89.3%) basal tumors, 21 of 24 (87.5%) Her2+ tumors, 18 of 34 (52.9%) luminal A tumors and7 of 14 (50%) luminal B tumors. A strong correlation was found between ERα methylation and poor prognosistumor subtypes (basal and Her2+) in patients (P<0.001). Our findings show that ERα methylation is correlatedwith poor prognosis subtypes of breast tumors in Iranian patients and may play an important role in pathogenesisof the more aggressive breast tumors.}, keywords = {Estrogen receptor alpha,promoter methylation,breast cancer subtypes,Iranian patients}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26811.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26811_9c7eb2a5ea746979c528192036ba4bde.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Retrospective Analysis of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer in Turkish Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4119-4123}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy is the accepted approach for women with locally advancedbreast cancer. Anthracycline- and taxane-based regimens have been extensively studied in clinical trials andconsequently are widely used. In this study aimed to research the complete response (pCR) rates in differentregimens for neoadjuvant setting and determine associated clinical and biological factors. Methods: This studyincluded 63 patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma among 95 patients that had been treated with neoadjuvantchemotherapy between 2007 and 2010. TNM staging system was used for staging. The histologic response toneoadjuvant chemotherapy was characterized as a pCR when there was no evidence of residual invasive tumorin the breast or axillary lymph nodes. Biologic subclassification using estrogen receptor (ER), progesteronereceptor (PR), HER2 were performed. Luminal A was defined as ER+, PR+, HER2-; Luminal B tumor wasdefined as ER+, PR-, HER2-; ER+, PR-, HER2+; ER-, PR+, HER2-; ER+, PR+, HER2+; HER2 like tumorER-, PR+, HER2+; and triple negative tumor ER, PR, HER2 negative. Results: Patients median age was 54.14(min-max: 30-75). Thirty-two patients (50.8%) were premenapousal and 31 (49.2%) were postmenapousal.Staging was performed postoperatively based on the pathology report and appropriated imaging modalitiesThe TNM (tumor, lymph node, metastasis) system was used for clinical and pathological staging. Fifty-seven(90.5%) were invasive ductal carcinomas, 6 (9.5%) were other subtypes. Thirty nine (61.9%) were grade IIand 24 (38.1%) were grade III. Seven (11.1%) patients were stage II and 56 (88.9) patients were stage III. Thepatients were classified for ER, PR receptor and HER2 positivity. Seventeen patients had complete response tochemotherapy. Forty patients (63.5%) were treated with dose dense regimen (cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 anddoxorubicine 60 mg/m every two weeks than paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 every two weeks with filgrastim support) 40patients (48%) were treated anthracycline and taxane containing regimens. Thirteen patients (76%) from 17patients with pCR were treated with the dose dense regimen but without statistical significance (p=0.06). pCRwas higher in HER2(-), ER(-), grade III, premenopausal patients. Conclusion: pCR rate was higher in the groupthat treated with dose dense regimen, which should thus be the selected regimen in neoadjuvant setting. Someother factors can predict pCR in Turkish patients, like grade, menopausal status, triple negativity, percentageof ER positivity, and HER2 expression.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Neoadjuvant chemotherapy,ER,PR,HER2,Grade,Turkish patients}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26812.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26812_58201dca48aac1cdda73ebb740574f48.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Retrospective Analysis of 498 Primary Soft Tissue Sarcomas in a Single Turkish Centre}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4125-4128}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) must be managed with a team involving pathologists, radiologists,surgeons, radiation therapists and medical oncologists. Treatment modalities and demographic charasteristics ofTurkish STS were analysed in the current study. Material-Methods: Primary adult STS followed between 1999-2010 in Cukurova University Medical Faculty Department of Medical Oncology were analzied retrospectivelyResults: Of the total of 498 patients, 238 were male and 260 female. The most seen adult sarcomas wereleomyosarcoma (23%). Localization of disease was upper extremity (8.8%), lower extremity (24.7%), head-neck8.2%, thoracic 8%, retroperitoneal 5.6%, uterine 12.4%, abdominal 10%, pelvic region 3.6 and other regions10%. Some 13.1% were early stage, 10.2% locally advanced, 8.2% metastatic and 12.2% recurrent disease.Patients were treated with neoadjuvant/adjuvant (12%) or palliative chemotherapy (7.2%) and 11.4% patientsdid not receive chemotherapy. Surgery was performed as radical or conservative. The most preferred regimen wasMAID combination chemotherapy in the rate of 17.6%. The most common metastatic site was lung (18.1%). Theoverall survival was 45 months (95%CI 30-59), 36 months in men and 55 months in women, with no statisticallysignificant difference (p=0.5). The survival rates were not different between the group of adjuvant and palliativechemotherapy (respectively 28 versus 18 months) (p=0.06), but radical surgery at 37 months was better than22 months for conservative surgery (p=0.0001). No differences were evident for localization (p=0.152). Locallyadvanced group had higher overall survival rates (72 months) than other stages (p=0.0001). Conclusion: STScan be treated successfully with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The survival rates of Turkish peoplewere higher in locally advanced group; these results show the importance of multimodality treatment approachand radical surgery.}, keywords = {Soft tissue sarcoma,Surgery,Chemotherapy,radiotherapy,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26813.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26813_38e3a8354725df811bfd05f383ec465e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Lack of Any Relationship between ABO and Rh Blood Groups and Clinicopathological Features in Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Turkish Oncology Group}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4129-4131}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: An association between the ABO blood group and the risk of certain malignancies, includingpancreatic and gastric cancer, has been reported previously. However, it is unclear whether this association is validfor gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In this study, ABO blood groups and the Rh factor were investigatedin a series of GIST cases. Material and Methods: In 162 patients with GIST, blood group and Rh factor wereexamined and compared with a control group of 3,022,883 healthy volunteer blood donors of the Turkish RedCrescent between 2004 and 2011. The relationship of blood groups with tumor size, mitotic activity, and age werealso evaluated. Results: Overall, the ABO blood group and Rh factor distributions of the 162 patients with GISTwere similar to those of the general population. There were no significant differences between both ABO bloodtypes and Rh factor in terms of tumor size, mitotic activity, and age. Conclusion: This is the first study reportedon this issue. In our study, we didn’t find any relationship between GIST and ABO blood group and Rh factor.However further studies with larger number of patients are needed to establish the role of blood groups in thispopulation.}, keywords = {gastrointestinal stromal tumor,ABO Blood group,Rh factor,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26814.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26814_0a6c8b6cb8f650d40dd413b703c92c96.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Survival Following Non Surgical Treatments for Oral Cancer: a Single Institutional Result}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4133-4136}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: To report the results of radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in the patients with oral cancer.Methods: Over the 2003-2009 periods, a total number of 69 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oralcavity that refused surgery or had unresectable tumor were enrolled in this study. A total dose of 60 to 70 Gy(2 Gy per day) was given to the primary tumor and clinically positive nodes. In the patients with locoregionallyadvanced disease (57 patients with T3, T4 lesions and/ or N+) induction chemotherapy following by concomitantchemoradiation was used. Induction chemotherapy consisted of 3 cycles of Cisplatin and 5-Flourouracil withor without Docetaxel. Weekly cisplatin was used in concomitant protocol. Kaplan-Meier method was used tocalculate overall survival. Log-rank test and Cox regression model were used for comparison purposes. Results:Median follow-up was 32 months. The mean age of the patients was 59.2 years. The overall response rate afterinduction chemotherapy was 68.4%. Actuarial overall survival rates after 2 and 3 years were 38% and 26%,respectively. Clinical stage emerged as the only independent predictor of survival. Conclusion: Outcome of thepatients with oral cancer is poor. Presenting with an advanced stage lesion contributed to this result. The roleof chemotherapy in advanced cases remains to be defined.}, keywords = {oral cancer,radiotherapy,Chemotherapy,head and neck,survival}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26815.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26815_b2888d2b4fca3137cbc32f13249c2045.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Reconstruction of Combined Oral Mucosa-Mandibular Defects Using the Vascularized Myoosseous Iliac Crest Free Flap}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4137-4140}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The authors present five cases of combined oral mucosa-mandible defects reconstructed with thevascularized internal oblique-iliac crest myoosseous free flap. This technique has many advantages comparedto other conventional methods such as the radial flap, scapula flap, and fibula flap. Vascularized iliac crestflaps provide sufficient high-quality bone suitable for reconstructing segmental madibular defects. Althoughfibular flaps allow longer donor bone tissue to be harvested, the iliac crest can provide an esthetic shape formandibular body reconstruction and also provides sufficient bone height for dental implants. Conventionalvascularized iliac crest myoosseous flaps have excessive soft tissue bulk for reconstruction of intraoral softtissue defects. The modification discussed in the present article can reduce soft tissue volume, resulting inbetter functional reconstruction of the oral mucosa. Another advantage is that complete replacement of theoral mucosa is observed in as early as one month post-operation. The final mucosal texture is much betterthan that obtained with other skin paddle flaps, which is especially beneficial for the placement of dentalimplant prostheses. Donor site morbidity looks to be similar to, if not less than that observed for othermodalities in terms of function and esthetics. For combined oral mucosa-mandible defects, the vascularizedinternal oblique-iliac crest myoosseous free flap shows good results with respect to hard and soft tissuereconstruction.}, keywords = {iliac crest flap,deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flap,mandible reconstruction}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26816.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26816_867ed8d8ac3ed3b83dc5782e3e4ae91d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effects of Care Burdens of Caregivers of Cancer Patients on their Quality of Life}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4141-4145}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this study, the aim was to examine the effects of caring burdens of family caregivers of cancer patients ontheir quality of life in the east of Turkey. Data were collected at the Chemotherapy unit of Yakutiye ResearchHospital of Ataturk University. Participants were 18 years old and older. The sample included 190 familycaregivers who were living in the same flats with the patients during caregiving. Data were collected using aquestionnaire that included socio-demographic questions for family caregivers and the Burden Interview, andthe Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC) Scale. SPSS version 14.0 was used to analyse the data.Descriptive statistics were computed for demographic variables of family caregivers. Pearson correlation analysiswas used to analyze the relationship between the care burden and quality of life, linear logistic regression analysiswas applied to determine the effect care burdens have on the quality of life, and logistic regression analysis wasemployed to determine the effect descriptive characteristics and care-related properties have on the quality oflife. The score mean of the burden interview of caregivers was 36.6±11.2; and their score mean of CQOLC was81.4±17.3. This study concluded that there was a negative relationship between caring burdens and the qualityof life (p<0.001); descriptive characteristics, caring-related properties, and caring burden variables were allsignificant predictors of the quality of life. It is recommended that caregivers are given support by being offeredtraining about providing care.}, keywords = {cancer,caregiver,caring burdens,Quality of Life,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26817.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26817_3ed44e2b1d053673071baa439456719f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Silencing of PDK1 Gene Expression by RNA Interference Suppresses Growth of Esophageal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4147-4151}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The current study was conducted to explore the inhibitory effects of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) on3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) expression in esophageal cancer 9706 (EC9706) cells andthe influence on their biological behavior. After transfection of a synthesized PDK1 siRNA, PDK1 mRNA andprotein expression and the phosphorylation level of the downstream Akt protein were assessed using RT-PCRand Western blot analysis. Proliferation, apoptosis, cell invasion and in vivo tumor formation capacity werealso investigated using MTT, flow cytometry, Transwell invasion trials, and nude mouse tumor transplantion,respectively. PDK1 siRNA effectively suppressed PDK1 mRNA and protein expression, and down-regulated thephosphorylation level of the Akt protein in the EC9706 cells (P < 0.05). It also inhibited cell proliferation andinvasion, and promoted apoptosis; such effects were particularly obvious at 48 h and 72 h after transfection (P< 0.05). Growth of transplanted tumors was inhibited in nude mice, with decreased PDK1 expression in tumortissues. PDK1 may be closely correlated with proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of esophageal cancer cellsand thus may serve as an effective target for gene therapy.}, keywords = {3-phosphoinositide,dependent protein kinase 1,RNA interference,esophageal cancer cells}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26818.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26818_01664231624ab53b5edafe28c0b1193a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Retrospective Study of Gemcitabine Based Chemotherapy for Unresectable or Recurrent Esophagus Squamous Cell Carcinoma Refractory to First Line Chemotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4153-4156}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of a combination of gemcitabine with nedaplatin (GN)or cisplatin (GC) for patients with unresectable or recurrent esophagus squamous cell carcinoma. Methods:Gemcitabine was administered at 1 g/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8; and nedaplatin or cisplatin wereadministered at 80 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1. We analyzed the response rate, overall survival time,progression-free survival time, and toxicity in 21 patients treated with GN and 27 patients treated with GC.Results: In patients treated with gemcitabine plus nedaplatin, the ORR was 47.6%, the median progression-freesurvival time was 4.1 months, and the median survival time was 9.3 months. In patients treated with gemcitabineplus cisplatin, the ORR was 48.2%, the median progression-free survival time was 3.9 months, and the mediansurvival time was 9.1 months, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in ORR, PFS andOS between the two groups. In both, the most commonly observed toxicities were thrombocytopenia and fatigue.Nausea and vomiting was more frequent in the GC group than in the GN group. Conclusion: Gemcitabine basedchemotherapy was effective and tolerable for patients with unresectable or recurrent esophagus squamous cellcarcinoma refractory to first line chemotherapy.}, keywords = {Esophageal Cancer,Gemcitabine,nedaplatin,Cisplatin}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26819.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26819_52bd5184c3e0422e0e9c11502da44cfe.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {In Vitro Biological Characterization of DCUN1D5 in DNA Damage Response}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4157-4162}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Novel prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic molecular targets for laryngeal squamous cellcarcinoma (LSCC) are an urgent priority. We here sought to identify multiple novel LSCC-associated genes.Methods: Using high-density microarray expression profiling, we identified multiple genes that were significantlyaltered between human LSCCs and paired normal tissues. Potential oncogenic functions of one such gene,DCUN1D5, were further characterized in vitro. Results: Our results demonstrated that DCUN1D5 was highlyexpressed in LSCCs. Overexpression of DCUN1D5 in vitro resulted in 2.7-fold increased cellular migration,67.5% increased invasive capacity, and 2.6-fold increased proliferation. Endogenous DCUN1D5 expression wasdecreased in a time-dependent manner after genotoxic stress, and silencing of DCUN1D5 by siRNA decreasedthe number of cells in the S phase by 10.2% and increased apoptosis by 11.7%. Conclusion: Our data suggestthat DCUN1D5 in vitro might have vital roles in DNA damage response, but further studies are warranted toassess its significance in vivo.}, keywords = {DCUN1D5,DNA damage,Squamous Cell Carcinoma,Larynx}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26820.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26820_73943dfbb5afb543646b38c903304528.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Moderately Hypofractionated Conformal Radiation Treatment of Thoracic Esophageal Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4163-4167}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aims: To prospectively assess the efficacy and safety of moderately hypofractionated conformal radiotherapyin patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. Methods and Materials: From Sept. 2002 to Oct. 2005, 150 eligiblepatients with T2-4N0-1M0 stage thoracic esophageal squamous cell cancers were enrolled to receive eitherconventional fractionated radiation (CFR) or moderately hypofractionated radiation (MHR) with a threedimensionalconformal radiation technique. Of the total, 74 received moderately hypofractionated radiation withtotal dose of 54-60Gy/18-20fractions for 3.5-4 weeks in the MHR arm, and 76 received conventional radiation withtotal dose of 60Gy/30 fractions for 6 weeks in the CFR arm. Concurrent chemotherapy comprised of paclitaxel andcisplatin. Safety was evaluated, and local control and overall survival rates were calculated. Results: Statisticallysignificant differences between the CFR versus MHR arms were observed in local/regional failure rate (47.3%v 27.0%, P=0.034) and the percentage of patients with persistent local disease (26.3% v 10.8%, P=0.012). But 3and 5-year overall survival rates (43.2%, 38.8% v 38.2%, 28.0%, respectively) were not different between thetwo arms (P=0.268). There were no significant differences in the incidences of grade 3 or higher acute toxicities(66.3% v 50.0%) and late complications rates (27.0% v 22.4%) between the MHR and CFR arms. Conclusions:Moderately hypofractionated, three-dimensional radiation treatment could improve the local control rate ofesophageal cancer and potentially increase patients’ survival.}, keywords = {Chemoradiation,Esophageal Cancer,hypofractionated radiation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26821.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26821_36e57b6bd8e6ab0989e0b97687f55fdd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Translating Evidence into Practice in Low Resource Settings: Cervical Cancer Screening Tests are Only Part of the Solution in Rural India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4169-4172}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The majority of women in rural India have poor or no access to cervical cancer screeningservices, although one–quarter of all cervical cancers in the world occur there. Several large trials have proventhe efficacy of low-tech cervical cancer screening methods in the Indian context but none have documented thenecessary components and processes of implementing this evidence in a low-resource setting. Methods: Thispaper discusses a feasible model of implementation of cervical cancer screening programme in low-resourcesettings developed through a pilot research project carried out in rural Tamilnadu, India. The programmeused visual inspection of cervix after acetic acid application (VIA) as a screening tool, nurses in the primarycare centres as the primary screeners and peer educators within Self-Help Women groups to raise communityawareness. Results: The uptake of screening was initially low despite the access to a screening programme.However, the programme witnessed an incremental increase in the number of women accessing screening withincreasing community awareness. Conclusions: The investigators recommend 4 key components to programmeimplementation in low-resource setting: 1) Evidence-based, cost-effective test and treatment available within thereach of the community; 2) Appropriate referral pathways; 3) Skilled health workers and necessary equipment;and 4) Optimisation of health literacy, beliefs, attitudes of the community.}, keywords = {Cancer Cervix,Screening,community awareness,VIA screening test,low resource setting}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26822.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26822_a51824b017c93d7407eed2e26f53dd19.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Tobacco Promotion and Availability in School Neighborhoods in India: a Cross-sectional Study of their Impact on Adolescent Tobacco Use}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4173-4176}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Adolescent tobacco use is a major public health problem. However, there is little informationabout the impact of tobacco advertising and availability near schools on adolescent tobacco use in India.Methods: The various tobacco products and brands available in outlets within 100 meters of two high schoolsin an Indian town were identified. A stratified random sample of 172 participants from these two schoolscompleted a questionnaire on tobacco use and socioeconomic status. Results: Eighteen outlets selling tobaccoproducts were identified. In the two schools the current use of smoked and smokeless tobacco was 9.1% and17.4% respectively. School location and low socio-economic status of adolescents were associated with tobaccoawareness of advertisements (p=0.001) and the receipt of a free sample (p= 0.032). Advertisements on billboards,posters and the receipt of a free tobacco sample were significant factors (p=0.031, p=0.016, p=0.017 respectively)in current tobacco use. Conclusion: In this study a significant proportion of adolescents used tobacco. Tobacco–promotion activities (advertising, the receipt of a free sample), school location and economic status were foundto be associated with adolescent tobacco initiation. The local environment should be included in the preventionof adolescent tobacco initiation.}, keywords = {Tobacco,Adolescent,Availability,schools,neighborhoods}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26823.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26823_10db76e4e1c750592adbe3c8465e1246.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Promoter Methylation Status of DNA Repair Gene (hMLH1) in Gastric Carcinoma Patients of the Kashmir Valley}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4177-4181}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cancer is a multi-factorial disease and variation in genetic susceptibility, due to inherited differences in thecapacity to repair mismatches in the genome, is an important factor in the development of gastric cancer (GC),for example. Epigenetic changes, including aberrant methylation of 5/CpG islands in the promoter regions ofmismatch repair (MMR) genes like hMLH1, have been implicated in the development of various types of GC.In the present study we evaluated the role of hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation in Kashmiri GC patients andcontrols, and assessed correlations with various dietary and lifestyle factors. The study included 70 GC patients(56 males and 14 females; age (mean±S.D) 50±11.4 years). Distinction between methylated and unmethylatedwas achieved with MS-PCR and DNA band patterns. The Chi-square test was applied to assess the risk due topromoter hypermethylation. We found a strikingly high frequency of promoter hypermethylation in GC casesthan in normal samples (72.9% (51/70) in GC cases vs 20% (14/70) in normal samples (p=0.0001).We also observeda statistically significant association between methylated hMLH1 gene promoter and smoking, consumption ofsundried vegetables and hot salted tea with the risk of GC. This study revealed that hMLH1 hypermethylationis strongly associated with GC and suggested roles for epigenetic changes in stomach cancer causation in theKashmir valley.}, keywords = {Gastric cancer,Promoter hypermethylation,CpG,MMR,Kashmir valley}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26824.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26824_3096073d396927079a53a4be80732d16.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Exon 8-9 Mutations of DNA Polymerase β in Ovarian Carcinoma Patients from Haldia, India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4183-4186}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Ovarian cancer is the number one killer among all the gynecological cancers. We undertookassociation study to identify potential alterations in the genomic DNA of a DNA repair gene, DNA polymerasebeta (polβ), involved in base excision repair (BER), in ovarian carcinomas of patients from Haldia, India.Mutations, splice variants have been reported earlier in different tumors other than ovarian tumors. Aim: In thisstudy we explored the possibility of association of any mutation of polβ (Exon 8) with prognosis in 152 ovariancancer samples. Results: Alteration in the exon 8 region (Exon 8:468, AgC; 15.1%) was noted among fifty sevenpolymorphism positive samples. Alteration in the intervening sequence 8 (IVS8, -25, AgC; 3.9%) was also noted.All alterations are heterozygous in nature. Conclusion: We found no significant association among the samplesfrom serous type, stage IV, and the polβ mutations (P≤0.01). Only a slight tendency of association was evidentbetween IVS8, -25, A to C; and stage III. Further analysis with a larger number of samples is needed.}, keywords = {DNA polymerase beta,DNA Repair,somatic mutation,Polymorphism,DNA-SSCP,Haldia,India}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26825.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26825_202f06d22a00f36f1b5d22436d34443b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Efficacy of Aprepitant in Patients with Advanced or Recurrent Lung Cancer Receiving Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4187-4190}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aims and Background: To evaluate the efficacy of a combination of aprepitant and conventional antiemetictherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent lung cancer receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy(MEC). Methods: Patients with advanced or recurrent lung cancer who were treated with MEC regimens atthe Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, were included and classified into thefollowing groups: control group (treatment: 5-HT3 receptor antagonists + dexamethasone) and aprepitantgroup (treatment: 5-HT3 receptor antagonists + dexamethasone + aprepitant). The presence or absence ofchemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) was evaluated according to the Common TerminologyCriteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0; patients with grade 1 or above were considered positive for CINV.Food intake per day, completion of planned chemotherapy, and progression-free survival (PFS) achieved bychemotherapy were investigated. Results: The complete suppression rate of nausea in the aprepitant group wassignificantly higher than that in the control group (p = 0.0043). Throughout the study, the food intake in theaprepitant group was greater than that in the control group, with the rate being significantly higher, in particular,on day 5 (p = 0.003). The completion rate of planned chemotherapy was also higher in the aprepitant group(p = 0.042). PFS did not differ significantly, but tended to be improved in the aprepitant group. Conclusions:The aprepitant group showed significantly higher complete suppression of nausea, food intake on day 5, andcompletion of planned chemotherapy than the control group.}, keywords = {CINV,aprepitant,complete suppression rate of nausea,Food intake}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26826.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26826_8d4fdc4f3262560b1174fd9fd021f896.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Identifying Women’s Knowledge about Risk Factors of Breast Cancer and Reasons for Having Mammography}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4191-4197}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to identify breast cancer risk factors and reasons for having mammography of thewomen who applied for mammography, as well as to determine their level of knowledge about risk factors andlevel of risk perception, and anxiety concerning breast cancer. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conductedfrom June 15, 2010 through September 10, 2010, in a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey. A questionnaireprepared by the researchers was used to collect the data. The mean age of the women was 52.1±9.98 years. Sixteenpercent of the women had a family history of breast cancer. The majority of participants had mammograms(75.8%) before and had gained knowledge about breast cancer and its screening (73.7%). The leading sourceof information about breast cancer was physicians (46.2%). Physician recommendations, having breast-relatedcomplaints, and family history of breast cancer were important reasons to obtain mammography. The meanknowledge score about risk factors of breast cancer was 4.15±2.73 and the mean anxiety score was 1.65±1.61. Itwas found that some socio-demographic and obstetrical characteristics of women, their family history, and riskperceptions about breast cancer affect their knowledge and anxiety scores about breast cancer. In conclusion,the present study identified a number of factors affecting mammography participation for women. The resultsof this study can be helpful in promoting screening for breast cancer.}, keywords = {breast cancer,risk factors,breast cancer knowledge,mammography,risk perception,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26827.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26827_f9878ac962d22822fde0e4b33d57af05.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Comparison of Two Ovarian Malignancy Prediction Models Based on Age Sonographic Findings and Serum Ca125 Measurement}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4199-4202}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of our study is to compare an ovarian malignancy prediction model based on age andfour sonographic findings (OMPS1) with a new model called OMPS2 which differs just by adding serum CA125measurement to (OMPS1). Methods: In a cross sectional comparative study OMPS1 was validated in 830 operatedovarian masses within a 3 years period (2006-2009). Logistic regression analysis was used to construct OMPS2based on OMPS1 adding serum CA125 findings. The area under the curve for two models was compared in411 patients. Results: OMPS2 was calculated as follows: OMPS1 + 1.444 (if serum CA125= 36-200) or 3.842 (ifserum CA125 is more than 200). AUC of OMPS2 was increased to 84.3% (CI 95% 78.1- 89.8) in comparison toOMPS1 with AUC of 78.1% (CI 95% 71.8-84.5). Conclusion: Our second model is more accurate in predictionof ovarian malignancy, compared with our first model.}, keywords = {Logistic Model,Ovarian mass,Ultrasound,serum CA125,Ovarian Cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26696.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26696_67310b04f2be32f48c9f37c365ee6c57.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Serum Oncofetal Fibronectin (onfFN) mRNA in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (DTC): Large Overlap between Disease-Free and Metastatic Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4203-4208}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: This study assessed if onfFN mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients with DTC can identify individualswith metastatic disease. Methods: Comparison of onfFN mRNA was made among 3 groups: disease-free, lymphnode metastasis, and distant metastasis using real-time RT-PCR on 5 ml blood samples from each DTC patient.Results: Fifty-one patients were included: 30 (59%) were disease-free; 7 (13.7%) had lymph node metastasis; and14 (27.5%) had distant metastasis. OnfFN mRNA levels in the 3 groups were significantly different (P=0.001)but with a large overlap and the expression being highest in the disease-free group. Subgroup analysis of themetastatic groups did not show any effect of age, cell type, and serum TSH, Tg, and antiTg on onfFN mRNA.The within-run and between-run root mean square coefficients of variations were <2%. Conclusion: OnfFNmRNA in patients with DTC cannot identify those with metastatic disease.}, keywords = {Oncofetal fibronectin,mRNA,Real-Time RT-PCR,Differentiated thyroid carcinoma,Metastasis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26697.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26697_4b9976dd25b5d01156f057f572fadb58.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cancer Registration in the Peoples Republic of China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {4209-4214}, year = {2012}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The current situation of cancer registration in China was systematically reviewed. So far, cancer registrationin China has been making a great progress in the following aspects: the number of cancer registries and coveredpopulation have increased dramatically; a registration network has been established and completed gradually;regulations and rules improved remarkably; more attention is being paid by every level of government; a lotof registration software has been created and financial support ensured. However, we are still facing someproblems and challenges, such as no stable groups of registrars, shortage of training opportunities, poor dataquality, insufficient utilization and lack of multidisciplinary mechanisms, so that the cancer registration systemstill needs to be enhanced and improved. Along with the development of economy, science and informationtechnology, methods and patterns of cancer registration is changing. It is to be expected that cancer registrationwill be automatic, nationwide and integrated with community healthcare in the near future.}, keywords = {China,Cancer registration,Achievements,future aims}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26698.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_26698_18f0685f9e8739d6c7424a0a7f250bd6.pdf} }