@article { author = {}, title = {MicroRNAs: Biogenesis, Roles for Carcinogenesis and as Potential Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7489-7497}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs of 20-24 nucleotides that play important roles incarcinogenesis. Accordingly, miRNAs control numerous cancer-relevant biological events such as cell proliferation,cell cycle control, metabolism and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and conceptsconcerning the biogenesis of miRNAs, miRNA roles in cancer and their potential as biomarkers for cancerdiagnosis and prognosis including the regulation of key cancer-related pathways, such as cell cycle control andmiRNA dysregulation. Moreover, microRNA molecules are already receiving the attention of world researchersas therapeutic targets and agents. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of microRNAs has the potential not only toidentify their roles in cancer, but also to exploit them as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and identifytherapeutic targets for new drug discovery.}, keywords = {Cell cycle control,cancer,miRNA dysregulation,oncogene}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29795.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29795_7ee0bdb945f032949d8ec348defdfe9e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Health and Economic Costs of Physical Inactivity}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7499-7503}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Physical inactivity has reached epidemic levels in developed countries and is being recognized as a seriouspublic health problem. Recent evidence shows a high percentages of individuals worldwide who are physicallyinactive, i.e. do not achieve the WHO’s present recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensityper week in addition to usual activities. Living in sedentary lifestyle is one of the leading causes of deaths and ahigh risk factor for several chronic diseases, like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes type 2, and osteoporosis.This article summarizes evidence for relative risk of the civilization diseases attributable to physical inactivity andthe most important conclusions available from the recent investigations computing the economic costs specificto physical inactivity. The findings provide health and economic arguments needed for people to understand themeaning of a sedentary lifestyle. This may be also useful for public health policy in the creation of programmesfor prevention of physical inactivity.}, keywords = {Physical inactivity,civilization diseases,risk factors,economic costs}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29796.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29796_0dc22616dde26831b15026c732a29f01.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Multiple Effects of Bracken Fern under in vivo and in vitro Conditions}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7505-7513}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Several toxic substances have been detected in plants which are responsible for animal and human diseases.Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) is one example, widely distributed in many parts of the world. It is knownto cause cancer in humans and other animals. In fact, man can be directly or indirectly exposed to the dangerby consuming fern, contaminated water, milk, meat, and spore inhalation. Experimental studies have shown anassociation between bracken exposure and gastric cancer, and research has shown genotoxic and cytotoxic effectsin vitro. This paper describes and reviews toxic, carcinogenic, genotoxic/cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory effectsof bracken and included possible toxic agents. The chemistry of Ptaquiloside (PT) reactions is emphasized, alongwith bracken problems in livestock, possible pathways of exposure in man, and control for human health.}, keywords = {Bracken fern,Ptaquiloside,DNA damage,cancer,Induction}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29797.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29797_2e852da38f8fd30ecf2c8cd388508a2d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Adiponectin Receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) rs1342387 Polymorphism and Risk of Cancer: a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7515-7520}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Many studies have indicated possible associations between a polymorphism of adiponectin receptor 1(ADIPOR1) rs1342387 and risk of cancer, but contradictory results have been reported. The main aim ofthis study was to draw a reliable conclusion about the relationship between the rs1342387 polymorphism andcancer incidence, by conducting a literature search of Pubmed, Embase, Wanfang and Cochrane libraries.Eleven studies including 3, 738 cases and 4, 748 controls were identified in this meta-analysis. The ADIPOR1rs1342387 polymorphism was associated with risk of colorectal cancer for all genetic comparison models (GGvs AA, OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.21 -1.70; G carriers vs A carriers, OR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.11 -1.36; dominant model,OR: 1.28, 95%CI: 1.10 -1.49 and recessive model, OR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.12 -1.55). Stratified by ethnicity, thers1342387 polymorphism was significantly associated with risk of colorectal cancer in Asian ancestry for allgenetic comparison models (GG vs AA, OR: 1.56, 95%CI: 1.26-1.92; G carriers vs. A carriers OR: 1.30, 95%CI:1.18 -1.43; dominant model OR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.08 -1.60 and recessive model OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.26 -1.64), butnot in Caucasian or mixed (Caucasian mainly) groups. In summary, the ADIPOR1 rs1342387 polymorphism issignificantly associated with risk of colorectal cancer among individuals of Asian ancestry.}, keywords = {Adiponectin receptor 1,Polymorphism,rs1342387,cancer,Meta-analysis,Asian ancestry}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29798.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29798_d1ab97801613afcf45f39ba2e1bf4b9d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Amentoflavone Acts as a Radioprotector for Irradiated v79 Cells by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Cell Cycle and Mitochondrial Mass}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7521-7526}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Radioprotective effects of amentoflavone were investigated by examining cell viability, apoptosis, cell cyclingconcentrations of intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species), and relative mitochondrial mass by flow cytometryafter 60Co irradiation. Pretreatment with amentoflavone 24 hours prior to 8 Gy 60Co γ-ray irradiation significantlyinhibited apoptosis, promoted the G2 phase, decreased the concentration of ROS and mitochondrial mass. Theseresults collectively indicate that amentoflavone is an effective radioprotective agent.}, keywords = {Amentoflavone,radioprotector,ROS,mitochondrial mass,Cell cycle}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29799.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29799_53c172939683a4dfb55d0e5401191d14.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Anticancer Potential of an Ethanol Extract of Saussurea Involucrata against Hepatic Cancer Cells in vitro}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7527-7532}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Saussurea involucrata is a Mongolian medicinal plant well known for its effects in promoting blood circulation,and anti-inflammation and analgesic functions. Earlier studies reported that Saussurea involucrata has anticanceractivity. The purpose of this study was to confirm the anticancer activity of an ethanol extract of Saussureainvolucrata against hepatic cancer and elucidate its mechanisms of action. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells weretested in vitro for cytotoxicity, AO/EB staining for apoptotic cells, apoptotic DNA fragmentation and cell cycledistribution in response to Saussurea involucrata extract (SIE). The mRNA expression of caspase-3,-9 and Cdk2and protein expression of caspase-3,-9, PARP, XIAP, Cdk2 and p21 were analyzed through real time PCR andWestern blotting. Treatment with SIE inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation dose- and time-dependently, but SIEonly exerted a modest cytotoxic effect on a viability of Chang human liver cells. Cells exposed to SIE showedtypical hallmarks of apoptotic cell death. Cell cycle analysis revealed that SIE caused G1-phase arrest in HepG2cells. In conclusion, Saussurea involucrata ethanol extract has potential cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on humanhepatocellular carcinoma cells. Its mechanism of action might be associated with the inhibition of DNA synthesis,cell cycle (G1) arrest and apoptosis induction through up-regulation of the protein expressions of caspase-3,-9a nd p21, degradation of PARP and down-regulation of the protein expression of Cdk2 and XIAP.}, keywords = {Saussurea involucrata,G1 phase arrest,Apoptosis,HepG2 cells,growth inhibition}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29800.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29800_fe8b9ab80fa2d7d46826cf55e1eb88b9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Breast Cancer in Bedouin-Arab Patients in Southern Israel: Epidemiologic and Biologic Features in Comparison with Jewish Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7533-7537}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer type, and the leading cause of death from canceramong women in Israel. The Bedouin-Arab (BA) population in southern Israel is characterized by a high rateof consanguinity, common hereditary disorders, and transition from a semi-nomadic, traditional society to amore sedentary and urbanized society. In this hospital-based study, the demographic and the clinicopathologicalcharacteristics of BC in BA were compared with Jewish patients. Materials and Methods: 85 BA patients treatedat the Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheba, during the years 2004-2012, were studied and compared with 180consecutive Jewish patients treated during the year 2007. Clinicopathological features compared included age,menopausal state, number of births, a history of BC in first-degree relatives, tumor size (T), extent of lymphnodeinvolvement (N), distant metastases (M), stage, grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR), andHer2 status. Types of treatment, relapse rate and site, as well as outcome were also studied. Cox’s regressionmodels were applied for studying disease-free, and overall survival. Results: Compared with Jewish patients, BApatients were younger (average age 49±12 yrs vs 59±13, p<0.001), had a lower rate of BC in first-degree relatives(p<0.001), and a larger number of births (6±4.2 vs 2.5±1.9, p<0.001). BA patients had larger tumors (p=0.02),more extensive lymph-node involvement (p=0.002), and more advanced stage (p=0.003). Grade, ER, PR, andHer2 status were similar in the two ethnic groups. Relapse type was most commonly systemic in BA patients(p=0.05), and loco-regional in Jewish patients (p=0.02). Median survival was 63, and 35 months for Jewish andBA patients, respectively (log-rank test, p=0.02). In Cox multivariate analysis, stage and PR status (HR-0.14,p<0.0001; HR-3.11, p=0.046), but not ethnicity, influenced overall survival. Conclusions: BC presents a decadeearlier, and with more advanced disease in BA compared with Jewish patients. Biologic parameters includinggrade, ER, PR, and Her2 status were similar in both groups. Although prognosis was worse in BA than in Jewishpatients, it was affected only by stage and PR status, but not by ethnicity.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Bedouin arab,Prognosis,stage,age}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29801.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29801_605d9589db0337344c7ed9febd4c7817.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Exercise Barriers in Korean Colorectal Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7539-7545}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: It has been proved that participating in exercise improves colorectal cancer patients’ prognosis.This study is to identify barriers to exercise in Korean colorectal cancer patients and survivors. Materialsand Methods: A total of 427 colorectal cancer patients and survivors from different stages and medical statuscompleted a self-administered questionnaire that surveyed their barriers to exercise and exercise participation.Results: The greatest perceived exercise barriers for the sampled population as a whole were fatigue, low levelof physical fitness, and poor health. Those under 60-years old reported lack of time (p=0.008), whereas thoseover 60 reported low level of physical fitness (p=0.014) as greater exercise barriers than their counterparts.Women reported fatigue as a greater barrier than men (p<0.001). Those who were receiving treatment ratedpoor health (p=0.0005) and cancer-related factors as greater exercise barriers compared to those who were notreceiving treatment. A multivariate model found that other demographic and medical status were not potentialfactors that may affect exercise participation. Further, for those who were not participating in physical activity,tendency to be physically inactive (p<0.001) and lack of exercise skill (p<0.001) were highly significant barriers,compared to those who were participating in physical activity. Also, for those who were not meeting ACSMguidelines, cancer-related exercise barriers were additionally reported (p<0.001), compared to those who were.Conclusions: Our study suggests that fatigue, low level of physical fitness, and poor health are most reportedexercise barriers for Korean colorectal cancer survivors and there are differences in exercise barriers by age,sex, treatment status, and physical activity level. Therefore, support for cancer patients should be providedconsidering these variables to increase exercise participation.}, keywords = {Exercise,barrier,colorectal cancer,physical activity}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29802.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29802_5c1f649b19d92b764f3bfc5d06a83ecd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evolution of the Mir-155 Family and Possible Targets in Cancers and the Immune System}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7547-7552}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The mir-155 family is not only involved in a diversity of cancers, but also as a regulator of the immune system.However, the evolutionary history of this family is still unclear. The present study indicates that mir-155 evolvedindependently with lineage-specific gain of miRNAs. In addition, arm switching has occurred in the mir-155family, and alternative splicing could produce two different lengths of ancestral sequences, implying the alternativesplicing can also drive evolution for intragenic miRNAs. Here we screened validated target genes and immunityrelatedproteins, followed by analyzation of the mir-155 family function by high-throughput methods like thegene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Eneyclopedin of Genes and Genemes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis.The high-throughput analysis showed that the CCND1 and EGFR genes were outstanding in being significantlyenriched, and the target genes cebpb and VCAM1 and the protein SMAD2 were also vital in mir-155-relatedimmune reponse activities. Therefore, we conclude that the mir-155 family is highly conserved in evolution,and CCND1 and EGFR genes might be potential targets of mir-155 with regard to progress of cancers, whilethe cebpb and VCAM1 genes and the protein SMAD2 might be key factors in the mir-155 regulated immuneactivities.}, keywords = {mir-155 family,evolution,function,Interaction,cancer,Immunity}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29803.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29803_41aafe2b56807d1da85415cec600728c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Overexpression of Hiwi Promotes Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7553-7558}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The Piwi subfamily comprises two argonaute (Ago) family proteins, which are defined by the presence of PAZand Piwi domains, with well known roles in RNA silencing. Hiwi, a human Piwi subfamily member, has beenshown to play essential roles in stem cell self-renewal and gametogenesis. Recently, accumulating reports haveindicated that abnormal hiwi expression is associated with poorer prognosis of multiple types of human cancers,including examples in the breast. However, little is known about details of the oncogenic role of hiwi in breastcancers. In present study, we confirmed overexpression of hiwi in breast cancer specimens and breast cancercell lines at both mRNA and protein levels. Thus both RT-qPCR and Western blot data revealed significantlyhigher hiwi in intratumor than peritumor specimens, overexpression being associated with tumor size, lymphnode metastasis and histological grade. Hiwi overexpression was also identified in breast cancer cell lines, MDAMB-231 and MCF-7, and gain-of-function and loss-of-function strategies were adopted to identify the role ofhiwi in the MCF-7 cell growth. Results demonstrated that hiwi expression in MCF-7 cells was significantly up- ordown- regulated by the two strategies. We next evaluated the influence of hiwi overexpression or knockdownon the growth of breast cancer cells. Both cell count and colony formation assays confirmed promoting rolesof hiwi in MCF-7 cells, which could be inhibited by hiwi specific blockage by siRNAs. In summary, the presentstudy confirmed overexpression of hiwi in breast cancer specimens and breast cancer cell lines, and providede vidence of promotion by hiwi of cell growth. The results imply an oncogenic role of hiwi in breast cancers.}, keywords = {Hiwi,growth,human breast cancer cells}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29804.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29804_b5027f6f403e4017d7dcf737bc14060e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Number of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes as a Prognostic Factor in PN2 Non Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single Centre Experience and Review of the Literature}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7559-7562}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Currently the most important prognostic factor in lung cancer is the stage. In the current lung TNMclassification system, N category is defined exclusively by anatomic nodal location though, in other type of tumours,number of lymph nodes is confirmed to be a fundamental prognostic factor. Therefore we evaluated the numberof mediastinal lymph nodes as a prognostic factor in locally advanced NSCLC after multimodality treatment,observing a significant effect of the number of lymph nodes in terms of OS (p<0.01) and DFS (p<0.001): patientswith a low number of positive mediastinal nodes have a better prognosis.}, keywords = {Locally advanced NSCLC,number of lymph nodes,Prognosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29293.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29293_146ca3d2e838979a5261743b0f5445ef.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Comparison of Viral Hepatitis-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Due to HBV and HCV - Cohort from Liver Clinics in Pakistan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7563-7567}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the first cause of death in cirrhotic patients, mostly dueto viral hepatitis with HCV or HBV infection. This study was performed to estimate the true prevalence ofviral hepatitis-related HCC and the demographic and clinical-pathological associations with the two virustypes. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional observational study enrolled clinical data base of 188 HCCpatients and variables included from baseline were age, sex, area of residence, clinical-pathological featuressuch as underlying co-morbidity, presence or absence of liver cirrhosis, macrovascular involvement, tumorextension and metastasis, liver lobes involved, serum alpha-fetoprotein level, and hepatitis serologies. Results:Overall prevalence of HCV- and HBV-related HCC was 66.0% and 34.0%, respectively. Patients with HCVwere more likely to develop HCC at advanced age (52.4±11.9 vs. 40.7±12.09 years), with highly raised serumAFP levels (≥400ng/ml) 78.2% (HBV 67.1%), large tumor size (HCV-66% >5 cm, HBV-59.3%), and presence ofportal vein thrombosis (8.06%, HBV 1.56%). A binominal multivariate analysis showed that HCV-HCC groupwere more likely to be cirrhotic (OR=0.245, 95%CI: 0.117, 0.516) and had more than two times higher rate ofsolitary macrovascular involvement (OR=2.533, 95%CI: 1.162, 5.521) as compared with HBV associated HCC.Conclusions: Statistically significant variations were observed from baseline to clinical-pathological characteristicsin HCV vs HBV associated HCC. Our study suggests prompt and early screening for high risk patients so thatthe rate of progression of these chronic viral diseases to cirrhosis and cancer can be decreased.}, keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,viral hepatitis,HCV,HBV,tumour characteristics}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29294.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29294_70cb016b6d622a38dc4a6067191aaade.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Female Breast Cancer Mortality Rates in Turkey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7569-7573}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The main objective of this study was to analyze the mortality trends of female breast cancer in Turkey betweenthe years 1987-2008. The rates per 100,000 age-standardized to the European standard population were assessedand time trends presented using joinpoint regression analysis. Average annual percent change (AAPC), anualpercent change (APC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Nearly 23,000 breast cancer deathsoccurred in Turkey during the period 1987-2008, with the average annual age-standardized mortality rate (ASR)being 11.9 per 100,000 women. In the last five years, significant increases were observed in all age groups, butthere was no significant change over the age of 65. In this period, the biggest significant increase was in the 45-54age group (AAPC=4.3, 95%CI=2.6 to 6.0).}, keywords = {breast cancer,mortality,joinpoint regression analysis,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29295.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29295_28b044d7bdaf917e024d764a4ca516b5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Five miRNAs as Novel Diagnostic Biomarker Candidates for Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7575-7581}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinomas(NPC). Despite advances in the field of cancer molecular biology and biomarker discovery, the development ofclinically validated biomarkers for primary NPC has remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the expressionand clinical significance of miRNAs as novel primary NPC diagnostic biomarkers. We used an array containing 2,500 miRNAs to identify 22 significant miRNAs, and these candidate miRNAs were validated using 67 fresh NPCand 25 normal control tissues via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Expression and correlation analyseswere performed with various statistical approaches, in addition to logistic regression and receiver operatingcharacteristic curve analyses to evaluate diagnostic efficacy. qRT-PCR revealed five differentially expressedmiRNAs (miR-93-5p, miR-135b-5p, miR-205-5p and miR-183-5p) in NPC tissue samples relative to controlsamples (p<0.05), with miR-135b-5p and miR-205-5p being of significant diagnostic value (p<0.01). Moreover,comparison of NPC patient clinicopathologic data revealed a negative correlation between miR-93-5p and miR-183-5p expression levels and lymph node status (p<0.05). These findings display an altered expression of manymiRNAs in NPC tissues, thus providing information pertinent to pathophysiological and diagnostic research.Ultimately, miR-135b-5p and miR-205-5p may be implicated as novel NPC candidate biomarkers, while miR-93-5p, miR-650 and miR-183-5p may find application as relevant clinical pathology and diagnostic candidatebiomarkers.}, keywords = {miRNAs,nasopharyngeal carcinomas,qRT-PCR,Biomarkers}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29805.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29805_1a8779f73007a142eb8d5d5831c4d6a3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Detection of MicroRNA-21 Expression as a Potential Screening Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer: a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7583-7588}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death and cancer-related incidenceworldwide. The potential of microRNA-21 (miR-21) as a biomarker for CRC detection has been studied inseveral studies. However, the results were inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted the present meta-analysis tosystematically assess the diagnostic value of miR-21 for CRC. Materials and Methods: Using a random-effectmodel, the pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio(NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of miR-21 forCRC. A summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve and an area under the curve (AUC) were alsogenerated to assess the diagnosis accuracy of miR-21 for CRC. Q test and I2 statistics were used to assess betweenstudyheterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated by the Deeks’ funnel plot asymmetry test. Results: A totalof 986 CRC patients and 702 matched healthy controls from 8 studies were involved in the meta-analysis. Thepooled results for SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC were 57% (95%CI: 39%-74%), 87% (95%CI: 78%-93%), 4.4 (95%CI: 2.4-8.0), 0.49 (95%CI: 0.32-0.74), 9 (95%CI: 4-22), and 0.83 (95%CI: 0.79-0.86), respectively.Subgroup analyses further suggested that blood-based studies showed a better diagnostic accuracy comparedwith feces-based studies, indicating that blood may be a better matrix for miR-21 assay and CRC detection.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that miR-21 has a potential diagnostic value for CRC with a moderate levelof overall diagnostic accuracy. Hence, it could be used as auxiliary means for the initial screening of CRC andavoid unnecessary colonoscopy, which is an invasive and expensive procedure.}, keywords = {MicroRNA-21,colorectal cancer,Meta-analysis,Diagnosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29806.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29806_211d36cfe2c82ecdd0e993a70aa465c1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Germline Variations of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APEX1) Detected in Female Breast Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7589-7595}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APEX1) is a multifunctional protein which plays a central role inthe BER pathway. APEX1 gene being highly polymorphic in cancer patients and has been indicated to havea contributive role in Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site accumulation in DNA and consequently an increasedrisk of cancer development. In this case-control study, all exons of the APEX1 gene and its exon/intronboundaries were amplified in 530 breast cancer patients and 395 matched healthy controls and then analyzedby single-stranded conformational polymorphism followed by sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed fourteenheterozygous mutations, seven 5’UTR, one 3´UTR, two intronic and four missense. Among identified mutationsone 5’UTR (rs41561214), one 3’UTR (rs17112002) and one missense mutation (Ser129Arg, Mahjabeen et al.,2013) had already been reported while the remaining eleven mutations. Six novel mutations (g.20923366T>G,g.20923435G>A, g.20923462G>A, g.20923516G>A, 20923539G>A, g.20923529C>T) were observed in 5’UTRregion, two (g.20923585T>G, g.20923589T>G) in intron1 and three missense (Glu101Lys, Ala121Pro, Ser123Trp)in exon 4. Frequencues of 5’UTR mutations; g.20923366T>G, g.20923435G>A and 3’UTR (rs17112002)werecalculated as 0.13, 0.1 and 0.1 respectively. Whereas, the frequency of missense mutations Glu101Lys,Ser123Trp and Ser129Arg was calculated as 0.05. A significant association was observed between APEX1mutations and increased breast cancer by ~9 fold (OR=8.68, 95%CI=2.64 to 28.5) with g.20923435G>A (5’UTR), ~13 fold (OR= 12.6, 95%CI=3.01 to 53.0) with g.20923539G>A (5’UTR) and~5 fold increase with three missensemutations [Glu101Lys (OR=4.82, 95%CI=1.97 to 11.80), Ser123Trp (OR=4.62, 95%CI=1.7 to 12.19), Ser129Arg(OR=4.86, 95%CI=1.43 to 16.53)]. The incidence of observed mutations was found higher in patients with familyhistory and with early menopause. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a significant association between germline APEX1 mutations and breast cancer patients in the Pakistani population.}, keywords = {Germline variations,BER pathway,APEX1,breast cancer,Pakistan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29807.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29807_ebd601aca6ab903d0b9abcd7d544d395.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of HER-2/neu Overexpression in Gastric Carcinoma using a Tissue Microarray}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7597-7602}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Amplification and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2 /neu) oncogene has considerable prognostic value in breast and gastric cancers. This study aimed to evaluatethe frequency, overexpression pattern, clinical significance, and concordance between the results for proteinexpression and gene amplification of HER-2/neu in gastric and gastro-esophageal junction carcinomas.Materials and Methods: In this study, 101 gastric tissue samples which were included in tissue microarray wereimmunohistochemically examined for overexpression of HER2/neu. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH)was used for HER-2/neu amplification. The correlation of HER2/neu amplification with clinicopathologicalparameters was also assessed. In addition, concordance between CISH and IHC was detected. Results: This studydemonstrated a significant difference in the overexpression of HER2/neu in gastric tumors. The overexpression ofHER2/neu was significantly higher in intestinal type, poorly differentiated grade, large size (5 cm≤) and positivenodal involvement tumors (p-value=0.041, 0.015, 0.038 and 0.071, respectively). Also, amplification of HER2/neuaccording to CISH test, had a significant positive correlation with tumor size and tumor type (p-value=0.018 and0.058, respectively).Concordance between CISH and IHC was 76.9% in 101 evaluable samples. Conclusions:IHC/CISH differences were attributed to basolateral membranous immunoreactivity of glandular cells resultingin incomplete membranous reactivity and/or a higher rate of tumor heterogeneity in gastric cancers comparedto breast cancers. Therefore, this can be a potential marker for targeted therapy of malignant gastric tumors.}, keywords = {chromogenic in situ hybridization,Gastric cancer,HER2,immunohistochemistry,tissue microarray}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29808.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29808_33b6f9f7d2f4f004bade0cbc38320fd6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognostic Significance of Altered Blood and Tissue Glutathione Levels in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cases}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7603-7609}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Glutathione is a thiol compound that plays an important role in the antioxidant defense system of the celland its deficiency leads to an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and, thus, progression of many diseasestates including head and neck cancer. In the present study, alterations of glutathione levels were investigatedin study cohort of 500 samples (cohort 1 containing 200 head and neck cancer blood samples along with 200healthy controls and cohort II with 50 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples along with 50control tissues) by high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that mean blood glutathionelevels were significantly reduced in head and neck cancer patients (p<0.001) compared to respective controls.In contrast, the levels of glutathione total (p<0.05) and glutathione reduced (p<0.05) were significantly elevatedin head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared to the adjacent cancer-free control tissues. Inaddition to this, pearson correlation performed to correlate different tissue glutathione levels (GSH) with clinical/pathological parameters demonstrated a significant negative correlation between pT-stage and GSH level (r=-0.263**; p<0.01), C-stage and GSH level (r=-0.335**; p<0.01), grade and GSH (r=-0.329**; p<0.01) and gradeversus redox index (r=-0.213**; p<0.01) in HNSCC tissues. Our study suggests that dysregulation of glutathionelevels in head and neck cancer has the potential to predict metastasis, and may serve as a prognostic marker.}, keywords = {Glutathione levels,redox index,Prognostic marker,Metastasis,HNC}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29809.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29809_42bffbdc5f31b679d1f181b4bc2c8444.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Preparation of 5-fluorouracil-loaded Nanoparticles and Study of Interaction with Gastric Cancer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7611-7615}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aims: To prepare 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) nanoparticles with higher encapsulation efficiency and drug loading,and then investigate interaction with the SGC-7901 gastric cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: Prescriptionwas optimized by orthogonal experiments, the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were tested by highperformanceliquid chromatography, and inhibition of proliferation by 5-Fu nanoparticles and 5-Fu given tocells for 24, 48 and 72 hours was investigated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MTT). In addition, 5-Funanoparticles were labeled by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and absorption into cells was tested by flowcytometry. Results: The optimal conditions for preparation were concentrations of 5-Fu of 5mg/ml, of CaCl2of 60 mg/ml and of chitosan of 2 mg/ml. With a stirring speed of 1200rpm, encapsulation efficiency of 5-Funanoparticles was 55.4±1.10% and loading capacity was 4.22±0.14%; gastric cancer cells were significantlyinhibited by 5-Fu nanoparticles in a time and concentration dependent manner, and compared to 5-Fu withslower drug release, in a certain concentration range, inhibition with 5-Fu nanoparticles was stronger. 5-Funanoparticles were absorbed by the cells in line with the concentration. Conclusions: 5-Fu nanoparticles can inhibitgrowth of gastric cancer cells in vitro to a greater extent than with 5-Fu with good adsorption characteristics,supporting feasibility as a carrier.}, keywords = {gastric cancer cells,5-fluorouracil,Nanoparticles,inhibition of proliferation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29810.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29810_1bab322ae86c46fe0f1df888aa05a624.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Mechanism of Fatty Acid Synthase in Drug Tolerance Related to Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition of Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7617-7623}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The mechanism of action of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in drug tolerance of breast cancer cellswith epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features was investigated. Methods: The breast cancer cell lineMCF-7-MEK5 with stably occurring EMT and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) tolerance was used as theexperimental model, whereas MCF-7 acted as the control. Tumour cells were implanted into nude mice for invivo analysis, and cerulenin was used as a FASN inhibitor. RT-PCR, real-time quantitative PCR and Westernblot were employed to detect the expression of FASN, TNFR-1, TNFR-2, Wnt-1, β-catenin and cytC at theRNA and protein levels. Results: Compared with MCF-7, TNFR-1 expression in MCF-7-MEK5 was slightlychanged, TNFR-2 was decreased, and FASN, Wnt-1, β-catenin and cytC were increased. The expression ofWnt-1 and β-catenin in MCF-7-MEK5 decreased after cerulenin treatment, whereas cytC expression increased.Conclusions: The important function of FASN in the drug tolerance of breast cancer may be due to the followingmechanisms: FASN downregulated TNFR-2 expression through lipid rafts to make the cells less sensitive toTNF-α, and simultaneously activated the Wnt-1/β-catenin signalling pathway. Thus, cytC expression increased,which provided cells with anti-apoptotic capacity and induced drug tolerance.}, keywords = {breast cancer,EMT,FASN,TNF-α,TNFR,Wnt,1/β,catenin}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29811.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29811_26bc0957a7f7c6fa8fb735694348e86d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {A Bibliometric Analysis of Diets and Breast Cancer Research}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7625-7628}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. The primary aim of this work was toprovide an in-depth evaluation of research publications in the field of diets and breast cancer. The impact ofeconomic outcome on national academic productivity was also investigated. Data were retrieved using Pubmedfor English-language publications. The search included all research for which articles included words relatingto “diets and breast cancer”. Population and national income data were obtained from publicly availabledatabases. Impact factors for journals were obtained from Journal Citation Reports® (Thomson Scientific).There were 2,396 publications from 60 countries in 384 journals with an impact factor. Among them, 1,652(68.94%) publications were Original articles. The United States had the highest quantity (51% of total) andhighest of mean impact factor (8.852) for publication. Sweden had the highest productivity of publication whenadjusted for number of population (6 publications per million population). Publications from the Asian nationincreased from 5.3% in 2006 to 14.6% in 2012. The Original article type was also associated with geography(p<0.001; OR=2.183; 95%CI=1.526-3.123), Asian countries produced more proportion of Original articles (82%)than those of rest of the world (67.6%). Diets and breast cancer-associated research output continues to increaseannually worldwide including publications from Asian countries. Although the United States produced the mostpublications, European nations per capita were higher in publication output.}, keywords = {Diets,breast cancer,publications,country distribution,Impact factor}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29812.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29812_0d6babfaaec35a464d5650b2ed6161d7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Psychological Problems and Psychosocial Predictors of Cigarette Smoking Behavior among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7629-7634}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Cigarette smokers have their own motivation and justification to smoke. For example, smokingreduces their stress or enhances their pleasure. This study aimed to identify the (a) prevalence of cigarettesmokers among undergraduates in Malaysia, (b) gender differences in nicotine dependence among currentsmokers, (c) differences in psychological problems (depression, anxiety and stress) based on the status of smokingcigarettes (current, former and non-smokers) and (d) extent to which precipitating factors (tension reduction,addiction, automatism, handling, social interaction, pleasure, and stimulation) predict the smoking behavioramong current smokers. Materials and Methods: In this study 780 undergraduate students participated froma private university in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor state in Malaysia. The Depression, Stress and AnxietyScale, Modified Reason for Smoking Scale and Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Test were used to measurepsychological problems, predictors of smoking behavior and nicotine dependency among current smokers.Results: The results showed that 14.7%(n=106) of the students were smokers. Current smokers exhibited morepsychological problems (depression, anxiety and stress) compared to former and non-smokers. Addiction, tensionreduction, pleasure and automatism were predictors of smoking behavior among the current smoking students.Step wise regression analysis showed that smoking behavior was highly predicted by nicotine dependency oraddiction. Smoking students were motivated to smoke cigarettes as they believed that it reduced their tensionand enhance pleasure. Conclusions: Hence, there is a need for health promotion and anti-tobacco preventionas cigarette smokers experience more psychological problems. Nicotine dependency or addition was one of themajor causes for smoking behavior among the student population in Malaysia.}, keywords = {Psychological Problems,smoking,Prevalence,precipitating factors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29813.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29813_8fe6f82565a0e9a725a3ca12ba69ba5b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Screening of Precancerous Gastric Lesions by Serum Pepsinogen, Gastrin-17, Anti-Helicobacter Pylori and Anti-Caga Antibodies in Dyspeptic Patients over 50 years Old in Guilan Province, North of Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7635-7638}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the value of serum gastric markers to differentiatebetween patients with precancerous lesions and nonatrophic chronic gastritis. Materials and Methods: Serumsamples of 128 patients with dyspepsia who were candidates for endoscopic examination were tested forpepsinogen (PG I and PG II), PG I/II ratio, gastrin 17(G-17), anti-Helicobacter pylori (anti-H pylori ) and anti-CagA antibodies. Two sample t-tests, chi-square tests and Pearson’s correlation analyses were used for analysisusing SPSS (version 20). Results: PGI, PG I/II ratio values were decreased significantly in the precancerouslesion group (0.05, 0.001 respectively). The frequency of H pylori infection was significantly (p=0.03) differentbetween the two groups ofthe study. Conclusions: We suggest PGI and the PG I/II ratio as valuable markersfor screening of premalignant gastric lesions.}, keywords = {pepsinogen I,gastrin-17,Helicobacter pylori antibodies,precancerous gastric lesion}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29814.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29814_a9d2f56557ea13e8e5e1d87f88a6205b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Associations of ERCC4 rs1800067 Polymorphism with Cancer Risk: an Updated Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7639-7644}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Results from previous studies concerning the association of ERCC4 rs1800067 polymorphismwith risk of cancer were inconsistent. To explore the exact relation with susceptibility, we conducted the presentmeta-analysis. Materials and Methods: Literature of electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science,EMBASE, Wanfang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were systematically searched. ORsand their 95%CIs were used to assess the strength of associations between ERCC4 polymorphism and cancerrisk. Results: There was no significant association between ERCC4 rs1800067 AA or AG genotypes and overallrisk of cancer (AA vs. GG: OR=0.998, 95%CI=0.670-1.486, P=0.992; AG vs. GG: OR=0.970, 95%CI=0.888-1.061, P=0.508). A dominant genetic model also did not demonstrate significant association of (AA+AG)genotype carriers with altered risk of overall cancer (OR=0.985, 95%CI=0.909-1.068, P=0.719). In addition,no significant association was observed between A allele of ERCC4 rs1800067 A/G polymorphism and alteredcancer risk compared with G allele (OR=0.952, 95%CI=0.851-1.063, P=0.381). Subgroup analysis suggestedthat AA genotype carriers were significantly associated with decreased risk of glioma compared with wild-typeGG genotype individuals (OR=0.523, 95%CI=0.275-0.993, P=0.048). For subgroup of lung cancer, A allele ofERCC4 rs1800067 A/G polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased risk of lung cancer comparedwith G allele (OR=0.806, 95%CI=0.697-0.931, P=0.003). Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated that ERCC4rs1800067 A/G polymorphism might not be associated with risk of overall cancer. However, individuals with theAA genotype were associated with significantly reduced risk of glioma compared with wild-type GG genotype;The A allele was associated with significantly reduced risk of lung cancer compared with G allele. Future largescalestudies performed in multiple populations are warranted to confirm our results.}, keywords = {ERCC4,Polymorphism,cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29815.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29815_4a066014ebf1af2b657eb61b36e64fc8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Regulatory Network Analysis of MicroRNAs and Genes in Neuroblastoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7645-7652}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial solid tumor, accounts for 10% of childhood cancer.To date, scientists have gained quite a lot of knowledge about microRNAs (miRNAs) and their genes in NB.Discovering inner regulation networks, however, still presents problems. Our study was focused on determiningdifferentially-expressed miRNAs, their target genes and transcription factors (TFs) which exert profound influenceon the pathogenesis of NB. Here we constructed three regulatory networks: differentially-expressed, relatedand global. We compared and analyzed the differences between the three networks to distinguish key pathwaysand significant nodes. Certain pathways demonstrated specific features. The differentially-expressed networkconsists of already identified differentially-expressed genes, miRNAs and their host genes. With this network, wecan clearly see how pathways of differentially expressed genes, differentially expressed miRNAs and TFs affecton the progression of NB. MYCN, for example, which is a mutated gene of NB, is targeted by hsa-miR-29a andhsa-miR-34a, and regulates another eight differentially-expressed miRNAs that target genes VEGFA, BCL2,REL2 and so on. Further related genes and miRNAs were obtained to construct the related network and it wasobserved that a miRNA and its target gene exhibit special features. Hsa-miR-34a, for example, targets geneMYC, which regulates hsa-miR-34a in turn. This forms a self-adaption association. TFs like MYC and PTENhaving six types of adjacent nodes and other classes of TFs investigated really can help to demonstrate that TFsaffect pathways through expressions of significant miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of NB. The presentstudy providing comprehensive data partially reveals the mechanism of NB and should facilitate future studiesto gain more significant and related data results for NB.}, keywords = {neuroblastoma,MicroRNA,network,Transcription factor,pathway,target gene}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29816.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29816_3ae82cce4070ddca7f2295d929628ca2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Quality of Life and Psychological Well-Being of Colorectal Cancer Survivors in Jordan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7653-7664}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Colorectal ranked first among cancers reported in males and ranked second amongst femalesin Jordan, accounting for 12.7% and 10.5% of cancers in males and females, respectively. Colorectal cancerpatients can suffer several consequences after treatment that include pain and fatigue, constipation, stomacomplications, sexual problems, appearance and body-image concerns as well as psychological dysfunction. Thereis no published quantitative data on the health-related quality of life and psychological wellbeing of Jordaniancolorectal cancer survivors. Method: This project was a cross-sectional study of colorectal cancer survivorsdiagnosed in 2009 and 2010. Assessment was performed using the European Organization for Research andTreatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), the colorectal cancer specific module(EORTC QLQ-CR 29) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data on potential predictorsof scores were also collected. Results: A total of 241 subjects completed the study with mean age of 56.7±13.6.Males represented 52.3% of study participants. A majority of participants reported good to high overall health;the mean Global health score was 79.74± 23.31 with only 6.64% of study participants scoring less than 33.3%.The striking result in this study was that none of the study participants participated in a psychosocial supportgroup; only 4 of them (1.7%) were even offered such support. The mean scores for HADS, depression score, andanxiety score were 8.25±9, 4.35±4.9 and 3.9±4.6, respectively. However, 77.1% of study participants were withinthe normal category for the depression score and 81.7% were within this category for anxiety score; 5.4% ofparticipants had severe anxiety and 5.4% of them had severe depression. Discussion: Patients with colorectalcancer in Jordan have a good quality of life and psychological wellbeing scores when compared with patientsfrom western countries. None of the colorectal cancer patients managed at the Ministry of Health received anyformal counselling, or participated in psychological or social support programmes. This highlights the urgentneed for a psychosocial support programme, psychological screening and consultations for patients diagnosedwith colorectal cancer at the Ministry of Health Hospitals.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,Quality of Life,Psychological Well-Being,hospital anxiety and depression scale,Jordan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29817.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29817_a05fcfac8df15c990368e8faf93e5bba.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Body Mass Index Effects on Risk of Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7665-7671}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: The association between body mass index (BMI) and ovarian cancer risk is unclear and requiresfurther investigation. The present meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of overweight and obesity onovarian cancer risk in the premenopausal and postmenopausal periods. Data sources: Major electronic databaseswere searched until February 2014 including Medline and Scopus. Reference lists and relevant conferencedatabases were searched and the authors were contacted for additional unpublished references. Review Methods:All cohort and case-control studies addressing the effect of BMI on ovarian cancer were included, irrespectiveof publication date and language. The effect measure of choice was risk ratio (RR) for cohort studies and oddsratio (OR) for case-control studies. The results were reported using a random effects model with 95% confidenceintervals (CIs). Results: Of 3,776 retrieved studies, 19 were ultimately analyzed including 10 cohort studiesinvolving 29,237,219 person-years and 9 case-control studies involving 96,965 people. The results of both cohortand case-control studies showed being overweight and obesity increased the risk of ovarian cancer compared towomen with normal weight during both premenopausal and postmenopausal periods: RR=1.08 (95%CI: 0.97,1.19) and OR=1.26 (95%CI: 0.97, 1.63) for overweight and RR=1.27 (95%CI: 1.16, 1.38) and OR=1.26 (95%CI:1.06, 1.50) for obesity. Conclusions: There is sufficient evidence that an increase in BMI can increase the riskof ovarian cancer regardless of the menopausal status, mimicking a dose-response relationship although theassociation is not very strong.}, keywords = {ovarian neoplasms,Body mass index,risk factor,Meta-analysis,menopause}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29818.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29818_1b5394bd3fbb6af5ddc38206a07b7438.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Histopathological Profile of Benign Colorectal Diseases in Al-Madinah Region of Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7673-7677}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk ofdeveloping colorectal cancer (CRC). Colon cancer risk in IBD increases with longer duration and greateranatomic extent of colitis, the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis, family history of CRC and degree ofinflammation of the bowel. This study aimed to characterize the histopathological pattern of benign colorectaldiseases among Saudi patients and to highlight age and gender variations of lesions as base line data for futurestudies to investigate the link between benign / IBD and colorectal cancers in the local population. Materialsand Methods: The materials consisted of 684 biopsies, reported as benign (excluding malignancies and polyps)at the Department of Pathology, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia from January 2006 to December2013. Data collected and entered in MS-Excel and were analyzed using SPSS-20. Results: Of 684 colorectaltissues reviewed, 408 specimens (59.6%) were from male patients and 276 specimens (40.4%) were from femalesgiving a male: female ratio of 1.5:1. Age of the patients ranged from 4 to 75 years with a mean of 39.6 years.The most frequent histologic diagnosis was a chronic non specific proctocolitis followed by ulcerative colitis,accounting respectively for 52.6% and 31.7% of all cases. These were followed by Crohn’s disease 22 (3.2%),ischemic bowel disease 20 (2.9%), diverticular disease 14 (2%), eosinophilic colitis 12 (1.7%) and solitary rectalulcer 12 (1.7%). A minority of 21 patients (3.1%) were cases of acute nonspecific proctocolitis, schistosomiasis,tuberculosis, volvulus and pseudomembranous colitis. Conclusions: These data show that although chronic nonspecific proctocolitis and ulcerative colitis were the dominant diagnoses, Crohn’s disease, ischemic bowel diseaseand diverticular disease also existed to a lesser extent and should be considered in the differential diagnosis ofbenign colorectal diseases. This study provides a base line data for future studies which would be taken up toinvestigate the link between benign / IBD and colorectal cancers in the local population.}, keywords = {Benign colorectal diseases,histopathology,Al-Madinah,Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29819.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29819_e8d4ec0ae50ac307522b6912bd44f9af.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Hong Kong Chinese Women’s Lay Beliefs about Cervical Cancer Causation and Prevention}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7679-7686}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: This study aimed to seek insights into Chinese women’s lay beliefs about cervical cancer causalattributions and prevention. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three new immigrant adult women from MainlandChina and thirty-five Hong Kong adult women underwent semi-structured in-depth interviews. Interviews wereaudio taped, transcribed and analyzed using a Grounded Theory approach. Results: This study generated threefoci: causal beliefs about cervical cancer, perceived risk of cervical cancer, and beliefs about cervical cancerprevention. Personal risky practices, contaminated food and environment pollution were perceived as theprimary causes of cervical cancer. New immigrant women more likely attributed cervical cancer to externalfactors. Most participants perceived cervical cancer as an important common fatal female cancer with increasedrisk/prevalence. Many participants, particularly new immigrant women participants, expressed helplessnessabout cervical cancer prevention due to lack of knowledge of prevention, it being perceived as beyond individualcontrol. Many new immigrant participants had never undergone regular cervical screening while almost allHong Kong participants had done so. Conclusions: Some Chinese women hold pessimistic beliefs about cervicalcancer prevention with inadequate knowledge about risk factors. Future cervical cancer prevention programsshould provide more information and include capacity building to increase Chinese women’s knowledge andself-efficacy towards cervical cancer prevention.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,Chinese,Immigrants,health perception,Qualitative analysis,Grounded theory}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29820.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29820_b0747e697e91679d06afc5c3306b474b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {A Novel All-trans Retinoid Acid Derivative N-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-Retinamide Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cell Migration through Down-regulating Expression of Myosin Light Chain Kinase}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7687-7692}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: To observe the effects of a novel all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) derivative, N-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-retinamide (ATPR), on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and to explore the potential mechanism of ATPR inhibitingof A549 cell migration. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of ATRA and ATPR on A549 cells was assessedusing MTT assay. Wound healing assays were used to analyze the influences of ATRA, ATPR, ML-7 (a highlyselective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)), PMA (an activator of MAPKs) and PD98059 (a selectiveinhibitor of ERK1/2) on the migration of A549 cells. Expression of MLCK and phosphorylation of myosin lightchain (MLC) were assessed by Western blotting. Results: ATRA and ATPR inhibited the proliferation of A549cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the effect of ATPR was much more remarkable comparedwith ATRA. Relative migration rate and migration distance of A549 cells both decreased significantly aftertreatment with ATPR or ML-7. The effect on cell migration of PD98059 combining ATPR treatment was morenotable than that of ATPR alone. Moreover, compared with control groups, the expression levels of MLCK andphosphorylated MLC in A549 cells were both clearly reduced in ATRA and ATPR groups. Conclusions: ATPRcould suppress the migration and invasion of A549 cells, and the mechanism might be concerned with downregulatingthe expression of MLCK in the ERK-MAPK signaling pathway, pointing to therapeutic prospects inlung cancer.}, keywords = {Lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells,N-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-retinamide,MLCK,migration}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29821.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29821_0944ab487f1aef3b5290d264b5d9cb58.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Barriers Towards HPV Vaccination among Nurses in Turkey: a Longitudinal Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7693-7702}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) occurs in women of all age groups, and causes cervical, anal,vaginal, vulvar, penile and oropharyngeal cancers. The aim of the study was to discover what nurses knowabout HPV infection, testing and vaccination and to determine vaccine practice of their daughters and perceivedbarriers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out nurses who haveworked in a hospital between January and June 2014. Pre-test and post-test were used to evaluate the nurses’knowledge about HPV infection, testing and vaccination. This study was performed with nurses who had girlsbetween 9 and 26 years of age for evaluating the behavior of vaccination after three months of education.Results: The mean of pre-test and post-test scores about HPV infection, which included 22 items, were 8.2±5.6and 19.2±1.5, respectively. Before education the HPV testing knowledge score was remarkably poor (1.9±1.7over 5), after education it increased to 4.8±0.5. The mean HPV vaccine knowledge score were 3.7±2.7 (pre-test)7.3±0.8 (post-test) on a 0-8 scale. The difference between mean total pre-test (13.9±9.1) and post-test (31.3±1.9)scores was statistically significant (p<0.001). After three months of education, only two of the nurses’ daughterswere vaccinated. The main reason was noted by nurses were not willing to be vaccinated was cost, doubts aboutsafety and efficacy related to the vaccine. About one-third of nurses declared that they would receive the vaccinefor their daughter later. Conclusions: Nurses have a crucial role in the prevention, treatment, increasing publicawareness and care for population. The education of the nurses about HPV infection, test and vaccination willplay an important part decreasing cancer mortality and morbidity.}, keywords = {Human papilloma virus,HPV,Turkish nurses,Knowledge,Attitude,education}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29822.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29822_da3c1f0c0f3cf749cae5801d81a2eda1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Are So-Called Cancer-Testis Genes Expressed Only in Testis?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7703-7705}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are a group of tumor-associated antigens with restricted expression in normaltissues except for testis and expression in a wide variety of tumor tissues. This pattern of expression makes themsuitable targets for immunotherapy as well as potential biomarkers for early detection of cancer. However,some genes attributed to this family are now known to be expressed in other normal tissues which put theirpotential applications in immunotherapy and cancer detection under question. Here we analyzed expression oftwo previously known CT antigens, RHOXF2 and PIWIL2, in AML patients versus normal donors and foundno significant difference in the expression of these genes between the two groups. As these two genes showedexpression in normal leukocytes, their expression pattern seems to be wider than to be attributed to the CT genefamily. Future research should focus on the expression profiles of so called CT antigens to find those with moretestis specific expression.}, keywords = {cancer-testis antigen,RHOXF2,PIWIL2,leukocytes,specificity of expression}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29823.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29823_a51e2b90997b34360b9899cfd3b59faa.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Impact of Poster Presentations on Academic Knowledge Transfer from the Oncologist Perspective in Turkey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7707-7711}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Currently poster presentations offer a common visual medium for knowledge transfer by a widerange of health professionals. Our study aimed to determine the scientific importance of poster presentations forMedical and Radiation Oncologists. Methods: A survey form including 40 questions was distributed to a totalof 131 oncologists experienced in poster presentations. One hundred completed survey forms were includedin the study. Descriptive statistics and modified thematic analyses were performed on the responses. Results:Overall 64% of the participants agreed that posters were a good medium for knowledge transfer. Some 88%agreed that concise and clear styled presentations would increase appealing interests for poster contents. Visualappearance was cited more influential than content of the subject; 70% of participants agreed that appearancesof posters could help to draw more viewer attention. Of respondents, 63% believed that posters accompaniedby their author were more attractive for congress attendees, and 33% of them declared that the halo effect ofthe poster presenter was also important. Conclusion: The present study indicated that intelligibility, appearanceand visuality of posters are most important factors from the aspect of oncologist participants. Presenters musttake into account these important points when preparing their academic posters.}, keywords = {Poster presentation,academic knowledge transfer,oncologists,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29824.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29824_4db75e6b2dd21093bbc16d7659805f93.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Impact of Caspase-8 (CASP8) -652 6N Del and D302H Polymorphisms on Prostate Cancer in Different Ethnic Groups}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7713-7718}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Despite evidence suggesting roles for caspase-8 (CASP8) -652 6N del and D302H polymorphismsin prostate cancer (PCa), the association of these polymorphisms with PCa risk remains inconclusive. Therefore,a meta-analysis was performed to more precisely estimate the association of CASP8 -652 6N del and D302Hpolymorphisms with PCa susceptibility. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conductedto identify all case-control studies of CASP8 D302H and -652 6N del polymorphisms and PCa risk. Odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association and the precision ofthe estimate, respectively. Results: Nine -625 6N del studies and 4 D302H studies were included. CASP8 -652 6Ndel and D302H polymorphisms were not significantly associated with PCa risk in the overall analyses. However,in the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, -625 6N del was significantly associated with PCa risk in theEast Asian and Indian populations under the recessive model. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis stronglysuggested that D302H was associated with lower PCa risk in the Non-Indian population under the dominantmodel. Conclusions: In our meta-analysis, ethnic-specific differences were evident in the association of CASP8-625 6N del and D302H polymorphisms with PCa risk.}, keywords = {Prostate carcinoma,CASP8,SNPs,Meta-analysis,Ethnic Groups}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29825.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29825_fc1d121309b80bfd6ac33cc7f4fe2e18.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Combination of FDG PET/CT and Contrast-Enhanced MSCT in Detecting Lymph Node Metastasis of Esophageal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7719-7724}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Lymph node metastasis is believed to be a dependent negative prognostic factor of esophagealcancer. To explore detection methods with high sensitivity and accuracy for metastases to regional and distantlymph nodes in the clinic is of great significance. This study focused on clinical application of FDG PET/CT andcontrast-enhanced multiple-slice helical computed tomography (MSCT) in lymph node staging of esophagealcancer. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifteen cases were examined with enhanced 64-slice-MSCTscan, and FDG PET/CT imaging was conducted for neck, chest and upper abdomen within one week. Theprimary lesion, location and numbers of metastatic lymph nodes were observed. Surgery was performed withinone week after FDG PET/CT detection. All resected lesions were confirmed histopathologically as the goldstandard. Comparative analysis of the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy based on FDG PET/CT and MSCTwas conducted. Results: There were 946 lymph node groups resected during surgery from 115 patients, and221 were confirmed to have metastasis pathologically. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of FDG PET/CT indetecting lymph node metastasis were 74.7%, 97.2% and 92.0%, while with MSCT they were 64.7%, 96.4%, and89.0%, respectively. A significance difference was observed in sensitivity (p=0.030), but not the others (p>0.05).The accuracy of FDG PET/CT in detecting regional lymph node with or without metastasis were 91.9%, ascompared to 89.4% for MSCT, while FDG PET/CT and MSCT values for detecting distant lymph node with orwithout metastasis were 94.4% and 94.7%. No significant difference was observed for either regional or distantlymph node metastasis. Additionally, for detecting para-esophageal lymph nodes metastasis, the sensitivity ofFDG PET/CT was 72%, compared with 54.7% for MSCT (p=0.029). Conclusions: FDG PET/CT is more sensitivethan MSCT in detecting lymph node metastasis, especially for para-esophageal lymph nodes in esophagealcancer cases, although no significant difference was observed between FDG PET/CT and MSCT in detectingboth regional and distant lymph node metastasis. However, enhanced MSCT was found to be of great value indistinguishing false negative metastatic lymph nodes from FDG PET/CT. The combination of FDG PET/CTwith MSCT should improve the accuracy in lymph node metastasis staging of esophageal cancer.}, keywords = {Esophageal cancer-lymph node metastasis,MSCT,FDG PET/CT,Combination}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29826.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29826_807debda171db476a4ab1cc59453f744.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence and Genotyping among Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Baghdad}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7725-7730}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause for cancer death in the world, now beingespecially linked to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This case-control study consisting of 65 HCCpatients and 82 patients with other malignant tumours as controls was conducted to determine the associationof HCV markers with HCC. Serum of each participant was obtained for detection of HCV Ab and RNA byDNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA). Twenty six per cent (26.0%) of HCC patients had positive anti-HCV whichwas significantly greater than the control group (p=0.001). HCC patients significantly have a risk of exposure toHCV infection almost 3 times than the control group (OR=2.87, 95% C.I=1.1-7). Anti-HCV seropositive rate wassignificantly (p=0.03) higher among old age HCC patients and increases with age. Males with HCC significantlyshowed to have more than 9 times risk of exposure to HCV infection (OR=9.375, 95 % CI=1.299-67.647) thanfemales. HCV-RNA seropositive rate was (70.8%) significantly higher among HCC patients compared to (22.2%)the control group (p=0.019). The most prevalent genotype (as a single or mixed pattern of infection) was HCV-1b. This study detected a significantly higher HCV seropositive rate of antibodies and RNA in HCC patients.}, keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,Hepatitis C Virus,HCV markers,Iraq}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29827.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29827_021972daf782beb13170ab9a03315931.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Germ-Line C677T and A1298C SNPs are Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Turkish Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7731-7735}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of death due to cancer in the worldwide and theincidence is also increasing in Turkey. Our present aim was to investigate any association between germ-linemethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and CRC risk in Turkey.A total of 86 CRC cases and 212 control individuals of the same ethnicity were included in the current study.Peripheral blood-DNA samples were used for genotyping by StripAssay technique, based on the reversehybridizationprinciple and real-time PCR methods. Results were compared in Pearson Chi-square and multiplelogistic regression models. The MTHFR 677TT (homozygous) genotype was found in 20.9% and the T allelefrequency 4.2-fold increased in CRC when compared with the control group.The second SNP MTHFR 1298CC(homozygous) genotype was found in 14.0% and the C allele frequency 1.4-fold elevated in the CRC group.The current data suggest strong associations between both SNPs of germ-line MTHFR 677 C>T and 1298 A>Cgenotypes and CRC susceptibility in the Turkish population. Now the results need to be confirmed with a largersample size.}, keywords = {MTHFR gene,SNPs,C677T and A1298C,colorectal cancer risk,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29828.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29828_81b82b6e61d4ee6eaf3fcd7c02e1ddf3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio has a High Negative Predictive Value for Pathologic Complete Response in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7737-7740}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a strong predictor of mortality in patients withpancreatic, colorectal, lung, gastric cancer and renal cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine therelationship between pathological complete response (pCR) and pretreatment NLR values in locally advancedbreast cancer (BC) patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Materials and Methods: Datawerecollected retrospectively from the Akdeniz University School of Medicine Database for locally advanced BCpatients treated with NACT between January 2000- December 2013. Results: A total of 78 patients were analyzed.Sixteen (20%) patients achieved pCR. Estrogen receptor (ER) positivity was lower in pCR+ than pCR- cases(p=0.011). The median NLR values were similar in both arms. The optimum NLR cut-off point for BC patientswith PCR+ was 2.33 (AUC:0.544, 95%CI [0.401- 0.688], p=0.586) with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictivevalue and negative predictive value (NPV) of 50%, 51,6%, 21,1%, and 80%, respectively. Conclusions: This studyshowed no relationship between the pCR and pretreatment NLR values. Because of a considerable high NPV,in the patients with higher NLR who had luminal type BC in which pCR is lower after NACT, such treatmentmay not be recommended.}, keywords = {breast cancer,neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,Pathologic complete response,Neoadjuvant chemotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29829.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29829_6c36dfab0a92aeec05e38b4d1abee030.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {GSTM1 Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer Risk in the Chinese Population: a Meta-Analysis Based on 47 Studies}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7741-7746}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Although a number of studies have been conducted on the association between GSTM1 polymorphismsand lung cancer in China, this association remains elusive and controversial. To clarify the effects of GSTM1polymorphisms on the risk of lung cancer, a meta-analysis was performed in the Chinese population. Relatedstudies were identified from PubMed, Springer Link, Ovid, Chinese Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biology Medicine (CBM) up to 5th April 2014.A total of 45 articles (47 studies) including 6,623 cases and 7,865 controls were involved in this meta-analysis.Overall, a significant association (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.32-1.60) was found between the null GSTM1 and lungcancer risk when all studies in Chinese population pooled into the meta-analysis. In subgroup analyses stratifiedby quality score, geographic area and source of controls, the same results were observed under all the models.This meta-analysis showed that the null GSTM1 may be a potential biomarker for lung cancer risk in Chinese,but further studies with gene-gene and gene-environment interactions are required for definite conclusions.}, keywords = {Meta-analysis,GSTM1,Polymorphism,Lung cancer,Chinese population}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29830.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29830_325640de66dab589ce3b5d2553d65591.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Synergistic Anti-tumor Effect of KLF4 and Curcumin in Human Gastric Carcinoma Cell Line}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7747-7752}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Krüppel-like factor 4 is a transcription factor which plays an important role in development and progressionof various carcinomas. Curcumin characterized by excellent anti-cancer properties is regarded as a serviceablenatural compound used in carcinoma therapy. This study aimed at exploring the impact of KLF4 overexpressionin cooperation with curcumin on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of human gastric carcinoma BGC-823 cells. Flow cytometry analysis, CCK-8 assays, transwell assays and Western blot results showed that KLF4overexpression combined with curcumin had significant anti-proliferation, pro-apoptosis and anti-invasion effectson BGC-823 cells. We also found that KLF4 had synergistic effects with curcumin, better promoting apoptosisand inhibiting proliferation and invasion of gastric carcinona cells. These results indicate that KLF4 could beused as a potential therapeutic target; curcumin could act as an auxiliary and provide a promising therapeuticstrategy in stomach cancer.}, keywords = {klf4,curcumin,stomach cancer,Proliferation,migration,Invasion}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29831.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29831_1e4289928483e9d63894bfd9e8fd7e42.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Trends in Incidence of Head and Neck Cancer in the Northern Territory, Australia, between 2007 and 2010}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7753-7756}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Incidence trends of head and neck cancer (HNC) have implications for screening strategies, diseasemanagement, guiding health policy making, and are needed to further oral cancer research. This paper aimsto describe trends in age-adjusted HNC incidence rates focusing on changes across calendar period between2007 and 2010 in Australian Northern Territory. Age-adjusted incidence rates of HNC were calculated for 2007-2010 using Northern Territory population based data assembled by Department of Health, Northern TerritoryGovernment of Australia. Changes in the HNC rate ratio (RR) and Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC)between 2007-2008, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 were calculated. A total of 171 HNC patients were recorded by theNorthern Territory Department of Health during the time period between 2007 and 2010, out of which, 135 weremales (78.9% of male HNC patients) and 36 were females (21.1% of female HNC patients). In conclusion, HNCincidence rate has decreased in the Northern Territory Australian males but remains unchanged in Australianfemales. High incidences of HNC may be associated with the high smoking rate and high alcohol consumptionin the Northern Territory. Continued monitoring of trends in HNC incidence rates is crucial to inform NorthernTerritory based cancer prevention strategies.}, keywords = {head and neck cancer,Incidence,Northern Territory,tobacco smoking,alcohol,Epidemiology}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29832.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29832_07ec20b3eafa2513eb8d876a63c290d9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Long Term Outcomes of Laser Conization for High Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Thai Women}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7757-7761}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aim: To report long term outcomes of laser conization for high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)in Thai women. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients undergoing laserconization due to abnormal cervical cytology suggesting neoplasia during 1989 to 1994 and having follow-up datauntil December 2010. Conization was performed under colposcopy using a 0.5-mm CO2 laser beam with powerdensity of 18,000-20,000 watts/cm2, and the surgical base was vaporized using a low power defocused beam. Thefollow-up protocol included cervical cytology and colposcopy. Long term outcome measures were failure rate(persistence and recurrence), post-conization status of transformation zone, and obstetric outcomes. Results:Of 104 patients undergoing conization, 71 had therapeutic conization for high grade CIN and were followed upfor a median time of 115 (range 12-260) months. There was one case of persistent and one of recurrent diseasecomprising a failure rate of 2.8%. The post treatment transformation zone was well visualized in 68.3% of 63patients with an intact uterus. Sixteen patients achieved 25 pregnancies; none had second trimester miscarriage.The obstetric outcomes were unremarkable. Conclusions: Laser conization under colposcopic visualization for thetreatment of high grade CIN in Thai women has a low failure rate of 2.8%. The post-conization transformationzone could not be evaluated completely in approximately 30% of cases; therefore the follow-up protocol shouldinclude both cytology and colposcopy. Obstetric outcomes are not adversely affected by this therapeutic procedure.}, keywords = {cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,laser conization,long term outcomes,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29833.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29833_167d6255d76eac67322f2b145c74a480.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association of Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms with Gastritis in a Kazakh Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7763-7768}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Gastritis and gastric cancer are the most common diseases in the Kazakh population.Polymorphisms in genes coding of cytokines have been played important role with gastric disease risk. Therisk alleles of cytokines in patients with gastritis can predict the risk of developing gastric cancer. The aimof this study was to investigate cytokine gene polymorphisms as risk factors for the development of gastritisin a case-control study with gastritis patients and healthy individuals from the Kazakh ethnic group, livingin North Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: The polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencingwere used for detection of two functional polymorphisms in the IL1 gene family, and TaqMan SNP GenotypingAssay Sets were applied for three potentially functional polymorphisms in the IL10 gene, and one in the TNFApromoter. Results: Association analysis of studied allelic variants and the development of gastritis in H. pyloripositivepatients showed that IL1В -31С/С, IL1В -511T/T and IL1RN -2/2 allelic variants were associated withdevelopment of gastritis (OR=1.8 (1.07-3.16), p=0.025; OR=1.7 (1.04-2.99), p=0.035, and OR=4.92 (2.45-9.85),p<0.001) respectively. Haplotype С-Т that combines both homozygous allelic variants of IL1B gene also had astatistically significant association with slightly higher OR (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.08-1.88). Conclusions: The datafrom the current study showed that the genotype IL-1В -511Т/-31С-IL1-RN-2 and H. pylori infection increaserisk of gastritis in the Kazakh population. That genotype combination might be a factor increasing the risk ofdeveloping gastric cancer.}, keywords = {Helicobacter pylori,Gastritis,Gastric cancer,Polymorphism,cytokine}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29834.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29834_a067568f76a6bf18a9dba62a83fcd674.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {AIDS-Related Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Imaging Feature Analysis of 27 Cases and Correlation with Pathologic Findings}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7769-7773}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Some tumor types are related to HIV, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The morbidityand mortality of NHL has remained high, even after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced.We collected cases of AIDS with NHL, and evaluated the imaging features and strategies for diagnosis. Materialsand Methods: There were 27 patients with AIDS and tumors confirmed by pathology. There were 9 patients withBurkitt lymphoma, 16 with diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), and 2 with primary central nervous system(PCNS) lymphomas. All of the patients underwent a series of imaging studies. Three radiologists analyzed theimages, and any disagreement was discussed until consensus was reached. Results: The radiologic manifestationsof AIDS with NHL were mainly masses and lymphadenopathy, 3 patients having one mass and 12 two or moremasses. 7 patients had lymphadenopathy in one site and 3patients had lymphadenopathy in two or more sites.Coarse mucosal folds, thickening of the gastrointestinal wall, and lumen narrowing were typical manifestationsof NHL within the gastrointestinal tract. There were 4 patients with masses and 5 with lymphadenopathyinthe 9 with Burkitt lymphoma, and 11 patients with masses 5 with lymphadenopathy in the 16 with DLBCLs.Conclusion: NHL is a malignancy that usually occurs in patients with AIDS. Imaging is an important method bywhich to evaluate lesions, masses, and lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration biopsy and stereotaxis biopsyare useful methods by which to diagnose NHL.}, keywords = {AIDS,Non-Hodgkin lymphoma,Radiography,Pathology,fine needle aspiration biopsy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29835.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29835_cadfab5f9178c684ecb24a685f7a9537.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cancer Prediction Based on Radical Basis Function Neural Network with Particle Swarm Optimization}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7775-7780}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This paper addresses cancer prediction based on radial basis function neural network optimized by particleswarm optimization. Today, cancer hazard to people is increasing, and it is often difficult to cure cancer. Theoccurrence of cancer can be predicted by the method of the computer so that people can take timely and effectivemeasures to prevent the occurrence of cancer. In this paper, the occurrence of cancer is predicted by the meansof Radial Basis Function Neural Network Optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization. The neural networkparameters to be optimized include the weight vector between network hidden layer and output layer, andthe threshold of output layer neurons. The experimental data were obtained from the Wisconsin breast cancerdatabase. A total of 12 experiments were done by setting 12 different sets of experimental result reliability. Thefindings show that the method can improve the accuracy, reliability and stability of cancer prediction greatlyand effectively.}, keywords = {Cancer prediction,Radial Basis Function Neural Network,Particle Swarm Optimization,breast cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29836.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29836_ef160da7952d6ad70ca73444a93b92a7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Red Cell Distribution Width as a Predictor of Prostate Cancer Progression}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7781-7784}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The aims of this study were to investigate the utility of red blood cell distribution width(RDW) as a simple and readily available marker in prostate cancer, as well as to evaluate RDW as a predictorof progression in prostate cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 62 newly diagnosed prostatecancer patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy and 62 healthy controls of meanage 64 (range, 45–75) years at the Urology Clinic of Bozok University Hospital. Data collection was performedusing our laboratory information system database to retrieve findings regarding RDW, hemoglobin, prostatespecificantigen (PSA), and age. The RDW values were compared between the healthy control group and prostatecancer patients. A high risk of progression as defined as a Gleason score (GS) >6, total number of cores positivefor cancer >33%, each core containing >50% cancer cells, and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level >10 ng/mL. Patients were classified according to risk of progression, as well as divided into subgroups according to theRDW quartile. Results: The mean RDW value of prostate cancer patients was 14.6, compared with 13.7 in thehealthy control group (p=0.001). A higher RDW was associated with an increased risk of progression, whereas alower RDW value was correlated with a low risk of progression. Conclusions: RDW is an easily derived measurethat might, in combination with other markers, help predict prostate cancer risk and progression. We suggestthat RDW may be used in combination with other parameters in the assessment of prostate cancer.}, keywords = {Prostate Cancer,progression,red blood cell distribution width}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29837.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29837_37ac495012ce8006e9ac41bdfc584599.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Biological Screening of Novel Derivatives of Valproic Acid for Anticancer and Antiangiogenic Properties}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7785-7792}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Valproic acid (VPA) is a potent anticancer and antiangiogenic agent. However, design andsynthesis of chemical derivatives with improved antiangiogenic and anticancer activities are still necessary. Inthis study a library of novel derivatives of VPA was synthesized and tested. Methods: A human liver cancer cellline (HepG2) and a human normal embryonic kidney cell line (HEK 293) were exposed to various concentrationsof VPA derivatives for 24 hours and cell viability was checked by MTT colorimetric assay. Anti-angiogenicproperties were evaluated in transgenic zebrafish embryos. Results: N-valproylglycine derivatives suppressedsurvival almost 70% (p value 0.001) in HepG2 cells but only 10-12% in HEK 293 cells (p value 0.133). Theyalso suppressed angiogenic blood vessel formation by 80% when used between 2-20 μM in zebrafish embryos.Valproic acid hydrazides showed moderate level of anticancer activity by affecting 30-50% (p value 0.001) of cellviability in HepG2 cells and 8-10% in HEK293 cells (p value 0.034). Conclusion: The majority of compounds inthis study showed potent and stronger antiangiogenic and anticancer activity than VPA. They proved selectivelytoxic to cancer cells and safer for normal cells. Moreover, these compounds inhibited developmental angiogenesisin zebrafish embryos. Based on the fact that liver is a highly vascularized organ, in case of liver carcinoma thesecompounds have the potential to target the pathological angiogenesis and could be an effective strategy to treathepatocellular carcinoma.}, keywords = {Valproic acid derivatives,hydrazides,Glycine,hepatocellular carcinoma cells,Angiogenesis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29838.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29838_f835358b92d2425031911458e43c2414.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Role of a Risk of Malignancy Index in Clinical Approaches to Adnexal Masses}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7793-7797}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate predictive role of risk of malignancy index in discriminatingbetween benign and malignant adnexal masses preoperatively. Methods: This retrospective study was conductedwith a total of 569 patients with adnexal masses/ovarian cysts managed surgically at our clinic between January2006 and January 2012. Obtained data from patient files were age, gravidity, parity, menopause status,ultrasound findings and CA125 levels. For all patients ultrasound scans were performed. For the assessment ofrisk of malignancy index (RMI) Jacobs’ model was used. Histopathologic results of all patients were recordedpostoperatively. Malignancy status of the surgically removed adnexal mass was the gold standard. Results: Of thetotal masses, 245 (43.1%) were malignant, 316 (55.5%) were benign and 8 (1.4%) were borderline. The mean ageof benign cases was lower than malign cases (35.2±10.9 versus 50.8±13.4, p<0.001). Four hundred and five of them(71.2%) were in premenopausal period. Malignant tumors were more frequent in postmenopausal women (81%versus 29%, p<0.001). All ultrasound parameters of RMI were statistically significantly favorable for malignantmasses. In our study ROC curve analysis for RMI provided maximum Youden index at level of 163.85. Whenwe based on cutoff level for RMI as 163.85 sensitivity, specificity , PPV, NPV was calculated 74.7%, 96.2%, 94%and 82.6%, respectively. Conclusions: RMI was found to be a significant marker in preoperative evaluation andmanagement of patients with an adnexal mass, and was useful for referring patients to tertiary care centers.Although utilization of RMI provides increased diagnostic accuracy in preoperative evaluation of patient withan adnexal mass, new diagnostic tools with higher sensitivity and specificity are needed to discriminate ovariancancer from benign masses.}, keywords = {Adnexal mass,risk of malignancy index,CA125,Ovarian Cancer,Ultrasonography}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29296.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29296_16079543d223162ad1d1644c04aebf14.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Loss of Imprinting of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 is Associated with Increased Risk of Primary Lung Cancer in the Central China Region}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7799-7803}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: To determine the imprinting status of the IGF2 in Chinese patients with primary lung cancerand to analyze the clinical significance of the loss of imprinting (LOI) of IGF2. Materials and Methods: PCRRFLPand RT-PCR-RFLP were carried out to select heterozygous cases for the ApaI polymorphism within exon9 of the IGF2 gene and further analyze IGF2 LOI in 64 lung cancer patients, respectively. Results: Of 64 lungcancer patients, 31 were heterozygous for IGF2. The positive rates of IGF2 LOI of lung cancer foci, matchedparacancer tissues, and normal lung tissues were 77.4% (24/31), 61.3% (19/31), and 29.0% (9/31), respectively.The LOI differences for IGF2 among the three groups were statistically significant (χ2=15.267, p=0.000), andthe LOI frequency of IGF2 in normal lung tissue was significantly lower than that in lung cancer foci andparacancer tissues (χ2=14.577, p=0.000; χ2=6.513, p=0.011). No statistical difference was observed between thelung tumor group and the matched paracancer group (χ2=1.897, p=0.168). The prevalence of advanced clinicalstages (χ2=2.379; p=0.017) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=5.552; p=0.018) was significantly higher for LOIpositiveparacancer tissues than for LOI-negative paracancer tissues. Conclusions: IGF2 LOI is highly frequentin Chinese primary lung cancer patients, especially those with increased risk of lymph node metastasis andadvanced clinical stages. IGF2 LOI may be an early epigenetic event in human lung carcinogenesis.}, keywords = {Lung cancer,insulin-like growth factor 2,loss of imprinting,Central China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29297.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29297_244cedb3658213d297fb8477384a69fa.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinical Efficacy and Prognostic Factors of Chemoreduction Combined with Topical Treatment for Advanced Intraocular Retinoblastoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7805-7809}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of chemoreduction combined with topicaltreatment of advanced intraocular retinoblastoma (RB). Materials and Methods: A total of 22 eyes from 17children with RB were selected for the study and treated with chemoreduction combined with topical cryotherapy,transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) or episcleral plaque brachytherapy. Clinical and follow-up data wereretrospectively analyzed. Results: All children received 2~6 courses of chemoreduction treatment, (4.5±0.8courses on average); 17 eyes from 13 children were treated by chemoreduction combined with cryotherapy orTTT and 5 eyes from 4 children with chemoreduction combined with 125I episcleral plaque brachytherapy. Theeye retention rate was 81.8% (18/22), among which 38.9% (7/18) featured restored or maintained good vision.Postoperative follow-up period was 7 to 34 months, (18.6 ± 5.2 months on average). The recurrence rate was41.2% (7/17), among which 57.1% (4/7) were controlled by supplementing or appending cryotherapy or TTTtreatment during the follow-up period. The tumor basal diameter and thickness were significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01) after treatment. All children demonstrated different degrees of hair loss, 70.6% (12/17) withdifferent degrees of gastrointestinal reactions, 5.88% (1/17) with neutropenia and 11.8% (2/17) being seriouslyinfected during the chemotherapeutic treatment. Univariate and logistic regression analysis showed that tumorbasal diameter before treatment had a significant effect on the prognosis (P<0.01). Conclusions: Chemoreductioncombined with topical therapy can effectively control RB in the short term, and tumor basal diameter beforetreatment is an independent risk factor for prognosis.}, keywords = {retinoblastoma,chemoreduction,Cryotherapy,transpupillary thermotherapy,Brachytherapy,plaque}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29298.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29298_235b04be6807fc619b1096862b6bd4be.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Comparison of Linear Accelerator and Helical Tomotherapy Plans for Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7811-7816}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Despite advances in radiotherapy, overall survival of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patientsis still poor. Moreover dosimetrical analyses with these newer treatment methods are insufficient. The currentstudy is aimed to compare intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) linear accelerator (linac) and helicaltomotherapy (HT) treatment plans for patients with prognostic aggressive brain tumors. Material and Methods:A total of 20 GBM patient plans were prospectively evaluated in both linac and HT planning systems. Plans arecompared with respect to homogenity index, conformity index and organs at risk (OAR) sparing effects of thetreatments. Results: Both treatment plans provided good results that can be applied to GBM patients but it wasconcluded that if the critical organs with relatively lower dose constraints are closer to the target region, HTfor radiotherapeutical application could be preferred. Conclusion: Tomotherapy plans were superior to linearaccelerator plans from the aspect of OAR sparing with slightly broader low dose ranges over the healthy tissues.In case a clinic has both of these IMRT systems, employment of HT is recommended based on the observedresults and future re-irradiation strategies must be considered.}, keywords = {Intensity modulated radiation therapy,GMB,dose comparison,linac,Helical tomotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29839.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29839_88d4e1f993df3a601b633136e7f2b86d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Overview of Childhood Cancers at a Regional Cancer Centre in North-East India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7817-7819}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Childhood cancers are relatively uncommon in comparison to adult cancers. There is no literature available toshed light on clinic-pathological types and patterns of care for childhood cancers in our population in North-EastIndia. In this analysis we therefore tried to determine the common childhood cancers diagnosed in our institute,clinical profile of the patients, types of treatment and compliance, and median survival estimates. Leukemia wasmost common, followed by retinoblastoma, central nervous system tumours and lymphomas. Ascertaining theclinic-pathological profile of childhood cancers in our population is essential for allocation and management ofresources for this small but important group of patients.}, keywords = {Childhood cancer,pattern treatment types,North East India}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29840.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29840_08bef6916565c55050492d2fdf6f8b64.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Standardized Uptake Values Highly Correlate with Tumor Size and Fuhrman Grade in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7821-7824}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: We investigated the correlation between standardized uptake value (SUVmax), tumor size andFuhrman grade in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RC). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzedthe data of 54 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma histopathologically diagnosed who underwent fluorine-18fluoro-2 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) betweenJanuary 2005 and March 2014. Results: Avarage tumor sizes were 5.64±1.85, 6.85±2.24 and 7.98±2.45 in low,medium and high SUVmax groups, respectively. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient between the tumor sizeand SUVmax was 0.385 (p=0.004) and between the Fuhrman grade and SUVmax was 0.578 (p<0.001). Conclusions:SUVmax appears highly correlated with tumor size and Fuhrman grade in patients with histopathologicallyconfirmed clear cell RC. Multicenter studies are needed to provide larger series for more accurate results.}, keywords = {F-18 FDG PET/CT,SUVmax,renal carcinoma,Fuhrman grade,tumor size}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29841.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29841_959e7a942f698ed805ff5128f02eed64.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Experimental Study on Inhibition Effects of the XAF1 Gene against Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7825-7829}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate the effect of high expression of XAF1 in vivo or in vitro on lung cancer cell growthand apoptosis. Methods: 1. The A549 human lung cancer cell line was transfected with Ad5/F35 - XAF1, or Ad5/F35 – Null at the same multiplicity of infection (MOI); (hereinafter referred to as transient transfected cell strain);XAF1 gene mRNA and protein expression was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR)and Western blotting respectively. 2. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and annexin V-FITC/PI doublestaining were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis before and after infection of Ad5/F35 - XAF1 withWestern blotting for apoptosis related proteins, caspase 3, caspase - 8 and PARP. 3. After the XAF1 gene wastransfected into lung cancer A549 cells by lentiviral vectors, and selected by screening with Blasticidin, reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were applied to detect mRNA andprotein expression, to establish a line with a stable high expression of XAF1 (hereinafter referred to as stableexpression cell strain). Twenty nude mice were randomly divided into groups A and B, 10 in each group: A549/XAF1 stable expression cell strain was subcutaneously injected in group A, and A549/Ctrl stable cell line stableexpression cell strain in group B (control group), to observe transplanted tumor growth in nude mice. Results:The mRNA and protein expression of XAF1 in A549 cells transfected by Ad5/F35 - XAF1 was significantly higherthan in the control group. XAF1 mediated by adenovirus vector demonstrated a dose dependent inhibition oflung cancer cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. This was accompanied by cleavage of caspase -3, -8, -9and PARP, suggesting activation of intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathways. A cell strain of lung cancer highlyexpressing XAF1 was established, and this demonstrated delayed tumor growth after transplantation in vivo.Conclusion: Adenovirus mediated XAF1 gene expression could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in lungcancer cells in vitro; highly stable expression of XAF1 could also significantly inhibit the growth of transplantedtumors in nude mouse, with no obvious adverse reactions observed. Therefore, the XAF1 gene could become anew target for lung cancer treatment.}, keywords = {XAF1 gene,A549 lung cancer cells,Adenovirus,Apoptosis,Proliferation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29842.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29842_962c64ba84162c0fe810eab3a572d4a3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Influence of Autologous and Homologous Blood Transfusion on Interleukins and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Peri-operative Patients with Esophageal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7831-7834}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To explore the influence of different ways of blood transfusion on the expression levels of interleukins(IL) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inperi-operative patients with esophageal cancer. Materials andMethods: A total of 80 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent radical operations were selected asstudy patients and randomly divided into an observation group (treated with autologous blood transfusion) andcontrol group (with homologous blood transfusion). Changes of intra-operative indexes and peri-operative bloodindexes, from hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit value (Hct), to levels of inflammatory factors like interleukins-6(IL-6), IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were compared. Results: Operations for patients in bothgroups were successfully conducted, and no significant differences in mean surgical duration and intra-operativehemorrhage volume, fluid infusion volume and blood transfusion volume were detected (p>0.05). Compared withvalues before surgery, Hb and Hct levels decreased significantly while white blood cell count (WBC) increased1, 5 and 7 d after operation (p<0.05, p<0.01). In addition, WBC was apparently higher in observation groupthan in control group 5 and 7 d after operation (p<0.01). Compared with before surgery, in the observationgroup, levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 had no significant differences after operation (P>0.05), but TNF-α levelincreased y (p<0.01), whereas in control group, IL-6 level had no significant difference (p>0.05), IL-8 leveldecreased obviously (p<0.05), IL-10 level increased markedly first and then decreased gradually as time passedbut its level remained elevated (p<0.01), and TNF-α level increased first and then decreased, and there was nosignificant difference 7 d after operation (p>0.05). Conclusions: Decreased IL-8 and increased IL-10 levels aretwo important reasons forimmunosuppression after homologous blood transfusion, whereas autologous bloodtransfusion can alleviate this while increasing the TNF-α level, which also has potential to improve anti-tumorimmunity in the human body.}, keywords = {Blood transfusion,interleukin,Tumor Necrosis Factor,Esophageal Cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29843.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29843_69195d48254d661c59a2691cec191aea.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Neuroendocrine tumors in the Iran Cancer Institute: Predictive Factors of Patient Survival}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7835-7838}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Neuroendocrine tumors have widespread and different clinical presentations and prognoses.This study was conducted to assess their survival time and prognostic factors in Iran. Materials and Methods:In a retrospective cohort study, 189 patients diagnosed of having neuroendocrine carcinoma were chosen. Thetumor and clinical characteristics of the patients were modeled with a Cox proportional hazard approach.Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meyer curves. Results: Crude median survival time was 30 months. Womensurvived longer than men (the median survival time for women was 40 and for men was 24 months). Age (<60 vs>60 years old with hazard ratio (HR) of 2.43, 95% CI 1.3-4.5), primary pathology report (carcinoid vs. otherswith HR 5.85 cm, 95% CI 2.4-14.3), tumor size cm (for 5-10, HR of 3.1, 95% CI 1.6 and for >10 HR of 8.2, 95%with 95% CI 3.1-21.9), and chemotherapy with single drug (taking vs. not taking with a HR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.8)had significant effects on overall survival of patients. Conclusions: Survival time in patients with neuroendocrinecarcinomas is related to demographics, clinical characteristics, tumor histology, and subtype specific treatment.}, keywords = {Neuroendocrine neoplasms,carcinoid tumors,survival,Cox proportional hazard model,Chemotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29844.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29844_3a8fa9857305da28e3967ccad16076e6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinico-Morphological Profile and Receptor Status in Breast Cancer Patients in a South Indian Institution}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7839-7842}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and the second most commoncancer in females in India. Receptor status may be important for survival. Objective: To analyse and correlatethe clinical and morphological parameters with receptor status in breast carcinoma patients in a tertiary careinstitution in Southern India. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study involved 320 patients of breastcancer diagnosed in an oncology hospital over a period of 3½ years. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 21.Results: Some 60.6% patients with breast carcinomas belonged to the age group of 40 to 60 years. The mostcommon histological type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified, accounting for 84.4% ofpatients. On immunohistochemistry, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were expressed in56.3% and 53.1% of cases, respectively. Conclusions: Breast cancers in India, a developing country, occur inyounger women and tend to be more aggressive with lower rates of ER and PR expression and higher histologicaltumor grades. Both ER and PR status of the tumors had significant associations with the patient age, pathologicalTNM stage and histological tumor grade.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Estrogen Receptor,Progesterone Receptor,stage,Grade,India}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29845.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29845_f05b5326a022c18b620c0eb5a7fc202d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Distinct Postsurgical Management in Young and Elderly Breast Cancer Patients Results in Equal Survival Rates}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7843-7847}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Although breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant diseases in women, themajority of the studies describing the characteristics of BC in elderly patients have been limited to survivalassessments or tumor features, without using younger BC patients as a reference group. The aim of our studywas to describe and compare tumor characteristics and management patterns in elderly versus younger breastcancer patients in Turkey. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 152 patients with invasive breastcancer who underwent surgery in our institution between 2002 and 2012. Patients were divided into 2 groupsaccording to age at the time of diagnosis. Results: There were 62 patients in the elderly group (≥65 years) and90 patients in the younger group (<65 years). Compared to the younger group, tumors in the elderly group weremore likely to be larger (p=0.018), of lower grade (p=0.005), and hormone receptor-positive (p>0.001). Therewere no significant differences regarding histology, localization, lymph node involvement, or types of surgicalprocedures between the 2 groups. Comorbidities were more common in elderly patients (p<0.001). In addition,elderly patients were more likely to receive hormonal therapy (p<0.001) and less likely to receive radiotherapy(p=0.08) and chemotherapy (p=0.003). There was no difference in survival and locoregional recurrence ratesbetween the groups. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that breast cancer in elderly patientshas more favorable tumor features, warranting less aggressive treatment regimens after surgery.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Elderly,survival,Recurrence}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29846.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29846_f790887e88457ddabbe20222af5042f1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effect of Trichostatin A on Anti HepG2 Liver Carcinoma Cells: Inhibition of HDAC Activity and Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7849-7855}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: To investigate the effect of deacetylase inhibitory trichostatin A (TSA) on anti HepG2 livercarcinoma cells and explore the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: HepG2 cells exposed todifferent concentrations of TSA for 24, 48, or 72h were examined for cell growth inhibition using CCK8,changes in cell cycle distribution with flow cytometry, cell apoptosis with annexin V-FTIC/PI double staining,and cell morphology changes under an inverted microscope. Expression of β-catenin, HDAC1, HDAC3, H3K9,CyclinD1 and Bax proteins was tested by Western blotting. Gene expression for β-catenin, HDAC1and HDAC3was tested by q-PCR. β-Catenin and H3K9 proteins were also tested by immunofluorescence. Activity of Renillaluciferase (pTCF/LEF-luc) was assessed using the Luciferase Reporter Assay system reagent. The activity oftotal HDACs was detected with a HDACs colorimetric kit. Results: Exposure to TSA caused significant dose-andtime-dependent inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation (p<0.05) and resulted in increased cell percentages in G0/G1 and G2/M phases and decrease in the S phase. The apoptotic index in the control group was 6.22±0.25%,which increased to 7.17±0.20% and 18.1±0.42% in the treatment group. Exposure to 250 and 500nmol/L TSA alsocaused cell morphology changes with numerous floating cells. Expression of β-catenin, H3K9and Bax proteins wassignificantly increased, expression levels of CyclinD1, HDAC1, HDAC3 were decreased. Expression of β-cateninat the genetic level was significantly increased, with no significant difference in HDAC1and HDAC3 genes. Inthe cytoplasm, expression of β-catenin fluorescence protein was not obvious changed and in the nucleus, smallamounts of green fluorescence were observed. H3K9 fluorescence protein were increased. Expression levels of thetranscription factor TCF werealso increased in HepG2 cells following induction by TSA, whikle the activity oftotal HDACs was decreased. Conclusions: TSA inhibits HDAC activity, promotes histone acetylation, and activatesWnt/β-catenin signaling to inhibit proliferation of HepG2 cell, arrest cell cycling and induce apoptosis.}, keywords = {HepG2 cells,TSA,Apoptosis,HDAC,β-catenin,Histone acetylation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29847.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29847_16abbca92aa2080cabcfffca0628a5f2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Interleukin-18 Synergism with Interleukin-2 in Cytotoxicity and NKG2D Expression of Human Natural Killer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7857-7861}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in anti-tumor immunity. Interleukin (IL)-18 is animmunoregulatory cytokine that induces potent NK cell-dependent anti-tumor responses when administratedwith other cytokines. In this study, we explored the effects of combining IL-18 and IL-2 on NK cytotoxicity aswell as expression levels of the NK cell receptor NKG2D in vitro. Freshly isolated PBMCs were incubated for48 h with IL-18 and IL-2, then CD107a expression on CD3-CD56+ NK cells was determined by three-colour flowcytometry to evaluate the cytotoxicity of NK cells against human erythroleukemia K562 cells and human coloncarcinoma HT29 cells. Flow cytometric analysis was also employed to determine NKG2D expression on NK cells.The combined use of IL-18 and IL-2 significantly increased CD107a expression on NK cells compared with usingIL-18 or IL-2 alone, suggesting that the combination of these two cytokines exerted synergistic enhancement ofNK cytotoxicity. IL-18 also enhanced NKG2D expression on NK cells when administered with IL-2. In addition,blockade of NKG2D signaling with NKG2D-blocking antibody attenuated the up-regulatory effect of combiningIL-18 and IL-2 on NK cytolysis. Our data revealed that IL-18 synergized with IL-2 to dramatically enhance thecytolytic activity of human NK cells in a NKG2D-dependent manner. The results appear encouraging for theuse of combined IL-18 and IL-2 in tumor immunotherapy.}, keywords = {Interleukin-18,Interleukin-2,natural killer cells,NKG2D,Cytotoxicity}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29848.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29848_e5387ae4e3b403d86c65432943172d92.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Presentation of Retinoblastoma Patients in Malaysia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7863-7867}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Retinoblastoma is a rare type of cancer that usually develops in early childhood. If left untreatedit can cause blindness and even death. The aim of this study is to determine sociodemographic and clinicalfeatures of retinoblastoma patients and also to determine the treatment pattern and outcome in Malaysia.Materials and Methods: Data for this study were retrieved from the Retinoblastoma Registry of the NationalEye Database (NED) in Malaysia. Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Hospital Umum Kuching, Sarawak and HospitalQueen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu were the major source data providers for this study. Data collected in theregistry cover demography, clinical presentation, modes of treatment, outcomes and complications. Results:The study group consisted of 119 patients (162 eyes) diagnosed with retinoblastoma between 2004 and 2012.There were 68 male (57.1%) and 51 (42.9%) female. The median age at presentation was 22 months. A majorityof patients were Malays (54.6%), followed by Chinese (18, 5%), Indians (8.4%), and indigenous races (15.9%).Seventy six (63.8%) patients had unilateral involvement whereas 43 patients had bilateral disease (36.1%). It wasfound that most children presented with leukocoria (110 patients), followed by strabismus (19), and protopsis(12). Among the 76 with unilateral involvement (76 eyes), enucleation was performed for a majority (79%).More than half of these patients had extraocular extension. Of the 40 who received chemotherapy, 95% weregiven drugs systemically. Furthermore, in 43 patients with bilateral involvement (86 eyes), 35 (41%) eyes wereenucleated and 17 (49%) showed extraocular extension. Seventy-two percent of these patients received systemicchemotherapy. The patients were followed up 1 year after diagnosis, whereby 66 were found to be alive and 4dead. Sixteen patients defaulted treatment and were lost to follow-up, whereas follow-up data were not availablein 33 patients. Conclusions: Patients with retinoblastoma in this middle-income Asian setting are presenting atlate stages. As a result, a high proportion of patients warrant aggressive management such as enucleation. Wealso showed that a high number of patients default follow-up. Therefore, reduction in refusal or delay to initialtreatment, and follow-up should be emphasized in order to improve the survival rates of retinoblastoma in thispart of the world.}, keywords = {Childhood cancer,Clinical presentation,treatment,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29849.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29849_5e1e2b90a526a43b5ae4a1723bd51fe9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-6 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Bladder Cancer in the Iranian Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7869-7873}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Interleukin-12 (IL-12) as an antitumor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as an inflammatory cytokine, areimmunomodulatory products that play important roles in responses in cancers and inflammation. We testedthe association between two polymorphisms of IL-12(1188A>C; rs3212227) and IL-6 (-174 C>G) and the riskof bladder cancer in 261 patients and 251 healthy individuals. We also investigated the possible association ofthese SNPs in patients with high-risk jobs and smoking habits with the incidence of bladder cancer. The genotypedistributions of IL-6 (-174 C/G) genotype were similar between the cases and the control groups; however, amongpatients with smoking habits, the association between IL-6 gene polymorphism and incidence of bladder cancerwas significant. After a control adjustment for age and sex, the following results were recorded: CC genotype(OR= 2.11, 95%CI=1.56-2.87, p=0.007), GC genotype (OR=2.18, 95%CI=1.16-4.12, p=0.014) and GC+ CC(OR=2.6, 95%CI=1.43-4.47, p=0.011). A significant risk of bladder cancer was observed for the heterozygousgenotype (AC) of IL-12 (OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.01-2.14, p=0.045) in all cases, and among smokers (AC) (OR=3.13,95%CI=1.82-5.37, p=0.00014), combined AC+CC (OR=3.05, 95%CI=1.8-5.18, p=0.000015). Moreover amonghigh risk job patients, there was more than a 3-fold increased risk of cancer in the carriers of IL-12 betaheterozygous (OR=3.7, 95%CI=2.04-6.57, p=0.000056) and combined AC+CC(OR=3.29, 95%CI=1.58-5.86,p=0.00002) genotypes as compared with the AA genotype with low-risk jobs. As a conclusion, this study suggeststhat IL-12(3’UTR A>C) and IL-6 (-174 C>G) genotypes are significantly associated with an increased risk ofbladder cancer in the Iranian population with smoking habits and/or performing high-risk jobs.}, keywords = {bladder cancer,IL-12,IL-6,polymorphisms,high risk jobs,smoking,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29850.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29850_832ba79b33a5a4bd1b0a5b70d39337ee.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Awareness of Breast Cancer Risk among Female University Students from 24 Low, Middle Income and Emerging Economy Countries}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7875-7878}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness of breast cancer risk factors amongfemale university students in 24 low, middle income and emerging economy countries. A cross-sectional surveywas conducted with 10,242 undergraduate university students (mean age 20.7, SD=2.9) from 25 universitiesin 24 countries across Asia, Africa and the Americas. Using anonymous questionnaires the awareness of linksbetween breast cancer and heredity, diet, overweight, exercise, alcohol use, smoking and stress was assessed.Results indicated that 35.4% of the women were not aware that any of these risk factors could influence breastcancer, 43.8% were aware of a genetic link, and only 12.5%, 10.9% and 10.6% correctly identified alcohol use,overweight and physical inactivity, respectively, as factors causing breast cancer. Moreover, 13.3% rated dietaryfat and 11.5% fibre as influencing breast cancer; both low-fat and high-fibre diets may be weakly protectiveagainst breast cancer, and smoking (19.4%) and stress (13.5%), the most commonly chosen breast cancer lifestylerisk factors, have less clear impact on breast cancer. There were marked country differences, e.g., in regardsof being aware of genetic causes of breast cancer risk in female students from Ivory Coast, India, Madagascar,Nigeria and Laos below 30% and female students from Pakistan, Singapore, Turkey, Grenada and Philippines60 or more percent. This study provides insight in the breast cancer risk perception of young women, which canbe utilized in breast cancer awareness and prevention programmes.}, keywords = {Perception,Breast cancer risk,likestyle factors,heredity,Stress,University Students,multi-country}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29851.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29851_ba9517f717711cf0619485a448a54d69.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Intake of Freshwater Fish and Associated Fatty Acids and Risk of Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7879-7884}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {To investigate the association between intake of freshwater fish and their fatty acids and the risk of breastcancer in Chinese women, we conducted a case-control study with 669 cases and 682 population-based controlsin Jiangsu Province of China. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit detailed information. Unconditionallogistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Totalfreshwater fish intake was linked to decrease in the adjusted OR for breast cancer, but without dose-dependence.Analyses by freshwater fish species showed that consumption of black carp and silver carp was inversely relatedto breast cancer risk, with adjusted-ORs for the highest intake category of black carp (≥500g/month) of 0.54(95%CI=0.33-0.92; P trend<0.002) and for silver carp (≥1000g/month) of 0.19 (95%CI=0.11-0.33; P trend<0.001).In contrast, consumption of crucian carp was positively related to breast cancer risk, with an adjusted OR forthe highest intake category (≥1000g/month) of 6.09 (95%CI=3.04-12.2; P trend<0.001). Moderate intakes of SFA,PUFA, n3-PUFA and n6-PUFA from freshwater fish may decrease the risk of breast cancer among premenopausalwomen. The findings of this study suggest that intake of freshwater fish and their fatty acids may modify risk ofbreast cancer, and that different species of freshwater fish could have a different actions on breast cancer risk.Future epidemiologic studies are needed to know the effects of freshwater fish intake on breast cancer risk andthe cause of these effects.}, keywords = {Freshwater fish,fatty acids,breast cancer,Chinese}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29852.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29852_73b55d19bee674f2def45ef28d7cd172.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {High Feasibility of Liquid-Based Cytological Samples for Detection of EGFR Mutations in Chinese Patients with NSCLC}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7885-7889}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Activating mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) could predict response totyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, thedetection of EGFR mutation is frequently challenging in clinical practice for the lack of tumor tissue. The aim ofthis study was to investigate the feasibility of performing EGFR mutation testing on various types of liquid-basedcytology (LBC) samples. Materials and Methods: A total of 434 liquid-based cytology samples were collectedfrom March 2010 and November 2013. Among them, 101 with diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma had pairedsurgically resected specimens. The ADx Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ADx-ARMS) was used todetermine EGFR mutation status both in LBC and resected samples. Results: All liquid-based cytology sampleswere adequate for EGFR mutation analysis. The mutation rate was 50.5% in the 434 NSCLC patients with LBCsamples and the incidence rates of EGFR mutation were consistent among different specimens. We also detectedEGFR positives in 52.5% (53/101) patients with paired histologic specimens. The concordance rate of EGFRmutation between LBC samples and paired histologic specimens was 92.1%. Conclusions: Our results suggestthat liquid-based cytology samples are highly reliable for EGFR mutation testing in patients with NSCLC.}, keywords = {EGFR mutation liquid,based cytology,Lung Adenocarcinoma,ADx Amplification Refractory Mutation System}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29853.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29853_0c2af7883dbb5129121e0245daac47b9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of the Knowledge and Perceptions with Regards to Pictorial Health Warnings on Tobacco Products among Tobacco Users Diagnosed with Head and Neck Carcinoma: a Study from the Kumaon Hills of India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7891-7895}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Tobacco products continue to be used in large quantities in India despite the mandatory inclusionof pictorial health warnings (PHWs) on all tobacco packaging. The circumstances as to how people could continuethe use of tobacco to the point of developing head and neck cancer despite enhanced awareness about the illeffects of tobacco is the main focus of this study. Materials and Methods: This study concerned patients withleast 5-years history of tobacco use, having been diagnosed with histopathologically proven malignancies of thehypopharynx, larynx, oropharynx and oral cavity presenting at the Government Medical College-Haldwani,Nainital, India. A total of 183 patients were eligible for inclusion during July 1 2013- June 30 2014. Of these,59 patients used smoked tobacco exclusively, 22 patients used smokeless tobacco exclusively, and 102 patientsused both forms of tobacco. Among users of smoked forms, 75.2% (n=121) were beedi users, and 24.8% (n=40)were cigarette users. Patients were asked direct questions as to whether they had noticed the presence of PHWsupon tobacco products. The reasons as to why PHWs were not effective in stopping the patients from tobaccouse were investigated. Results: Of the 183 patients, 146 reported being aware about the presence of PHWs, andwhen they were asked reasons as to why they continued tobacco despite being aware of ill-effects, the commonestreason chosen (by 53.4%) was that patients had not regarded themselves as using tobacco heavy enough to causecancer. Among the 36 patients who reported as being oblivious to the presence of PHWs on tobacco products,63.9% reported that the products they used never displayed any PHWs, and 36.1% reported never having paidattention to the packaging. The awareness about PHWs was higher among cigarette smokers in comparisonto beedi smokers (100% vs 76.1%, p=0.0002). Conclusions: Locally produced and marketed tobacco productssuch as beedis and oral tobacco often fail to display PHWs. The presence of PHWs without doubt enhancesawareness about the carcinogenic risks of tobacco. However, enhanced awareness alone may not be enough, andas elucidated by this study, some persons continue to use tobacco to the point of developing malignancies. Theneed of the hour is the implementation of legal and economic sanctions discouraging the use of tobacco products.}, keywords = {pictorial health warnings,health warning labels,smoking health warning,head and neck cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29854.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29854_0d748c5f2256f7503a5a6bde8f09525a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Profile of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Among Employees at a Saudi University}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7897-7907}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: There is paucity of studies defining the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) riskfactors in Saudi Arabia despite the surging epidemic of obesity, change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle.Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of NCDs risk factors among employees atKing Faisal University in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to determine the possible correlates for clustering of NCDsrisk factors among them. Materials and Methods: All employees were invited to participate; the World HealthOrganization STEPwise approach was used for data collection which consisted of a personal interview to collectsocio-demographic characteristics, NCD history, tobacco use, vegetables and fruit consumption, and physicalactivity (PA), followed by anthropometric measurements namely weight, height and waist circumference andblood pressure measurements, subjects were finally subjected to biochemical tests with determination of fastingplasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. Results: Of the surveyed employees(n=691), daily current smokers accounted for 22.7%. 94.9%, 95.1% and 86% consumed < 5 servings per day ofvegetables, fruits and both fruits and vegetables respectively, 73% were physically inactive, 64% were overweightor obese, 22.1% had hypertension, and 21.5% were diabetics. Elevated cholesterol levels were found in 36.6%,low high density lipoproteins in 36.8%, and elevated triglycerides in 36.1%. Only 3% had no NCD risk factors,and 57.6% had ≥3 factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender (being male, adjusted odds ratio‘aOR’=1.51), aged ≥ 50 years (aOR=3.06), < college education (aOR=1.75), current smokers (aOR=2.37), beingobese (aOR=6.96) and having a low PA level (aOR=4.59) were the significant positive predictors for clustering ofNCD risk factors. Conclusions: Over fifty percent of the studied university’s employees had multiple (≥3) NCDrisk factors. Screening and health promotion initiatives should be launched at least targeting the modifiablefactors to avert the excessive risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and several types of cancers.}, keywords = {non-communicable diseases,risk factors,STEPwise,university employees,Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29855.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29855_b056e6c564038bfcebb524b37486d284.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognostic Value of Preoperative Inflammation-Based Prognostic Scores on Hospital Mortality after Gastric Cancer Surgery}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7909-7911}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignancy worldwide. Poor prognosis in gastric cancer is linkedwith hypoalbuminemia. Previous studies demonstrated relationships between gastric cancer and chronicinflammation. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of preoperative inflammation-basedprognostic scores regarding hospital mortality after gastrectomy. Unlike other recent articles on the same topic;we could only verify prognostic value of prognostic nutritional index for in hospital mortality after surgery.}, keywords = {Gastric cancer,prognostic score,mortality,prognostic nutritional index,NLR,platelet lymphocyte ratio}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29856.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29856_a331f9aa0984046010a1f646caf57ec4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Over-Expression of Beclin-1 Facilitates Acquired Resistance to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor-Induced Apoptosis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7913-7917}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Apoptotic cell death plays a predominant role in histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity.Nuclear morphological changes and activation of apoptotic executors are involved in CTS203-induced cell death.However, emerging issues of HDAC inhibitor-resistance have been observed in patients. Herein, MCF-7 cellswere continuously exposed to CTS203 until the derived cells could proliferate normally in its presence. Thenewly obtained CTS203-resistant cells were nominated as MCF-7/203R. Compared to MCF-7 original cells, theMCF-7/203R cells were less sensitive to CTS203-induced apoptosis, with a minimal 6-fold higher IC50 value. Incontrast, the expression of Beclin-1 was dramatically up-regulated, positively correlated to the acquisition ofCTS203-resistance. Our results revealed the participation of autophagy in acquired HDAC inhibitor-resistanceand further identified Beclin-1 as a promising target for anti-drug resistance.}, keywords = {HDAC inhibitor,Drug resistance,Beclin-1,Autophagy,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29857.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29857_b159257fa26820837507030643f3b298.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Induces Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Apoptosis through a Caspase-Mediated Pathway}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7919-7923}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a ginsenoside isolated from Pananx quinquefolium L., has been shown toinhibit growth and proliferation in several cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate its anticanceractivity in human breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were incubated with different concentrations of 20(S)-PPDand cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Occurrence of apoptosis was detected by DAPI and AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured with Rhodamine 123. The Bcl-2and Bax expression were determined by Western blot analysis. Caspase activity was measured by colorimetricassay. 20(S)-PPD dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation in MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 value of 33.3 μM at24h. MCF-7 cells treated with 20(S)-PPD presented typical apoptosis, as observed by morphological analysisin cell stained with DAPI. The percentages of annexin V-FITC positive cells were 8.92%, 17.8%, 24.5% and30.5% in MCF-7 cells treated with 0, 15, 30 and 60μM of 20(S)-PPD, respectively. Moreover, 20(S)-PPD couldinduce mitochondrial membrane potential loss, up-regulate Bax expression and down-regulate Bcl-2 expression.These events paralleled activation of caspase-9, -3 and PARP cleavage. Apoptosis induced by 20(S)-PPD wasblocked by z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, suggesting induction of caspase-mediated apoptotic cell death.In conclusion, the 20(S)-PPD investigated is able to inhibit cell proliferation and to induce cancer cell death bya caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway.}, keywords = {20(S)-Protopanaxadiol,Apoptosis,caspase,ginsenoside,MCF-7 breast cancer cells}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29858.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29858_baab330a9197eab452622fd80a03eba2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence in Renal Cell Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7925-7928}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasingly being recognized as a metabolic disease in recent studies.The aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associationwith RCC among urologic patients. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 355 participants (117adult RCC patients and 238 age matched controls) divided into groups, with and without MetS diagnosed usingthe criteria of the American Heart Association/The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Groups werecompared statistically and logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the impact of MetS criteriaon RCC risk. Results: Of the 117 RCC patients, 52 (44.4%) and of the 238 controls, 37 (15.5%) had MetS. Asignificant association (p<0.001) was found between the presence of MetS and RCC (OR: 4.35; 95% CI=2.62-7.21). As the number of MetS components accumulated from 3 to 5, RCC risk increased likewise from 4 to 6times. Conclusions: MetS is more prevalent in RCC patients in Turkey compared to controls. Risk increaseswith the number of coexisting MetS components.}, keywords = {Metabolic syndrome X,renal cancer,risk factor,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29859.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29859_f5832239b2da4d04b4d9c85888344fe2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Proportion of Ovarian Cancers in Overall Ovarian Masses in Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7929-7934}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The primary objective of this study was to assess the proportion of malignancies in ovarianmasses during 1st January 2002, to 31st December 2011 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KingChulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. A secondary objective was to evaluate associations with patients’ clinicalcharacteristics and ovarian malignancy proportion and subtypes. Materials and Methods: Retrospectivedescriptive study analyzed data of ovarian masses larger than 3 centimeters in maximal diameter, from thedivision of Gynecologic Cyto-Pathology at KCMH. SPSS software version 17 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL, USA)was used. Results: A total number of 6,115 patients were included. Among the total ovarian masses studied,13.7% were malignant. After the age of sixty, the proportion reached almost 40%. It was also above 20% inwomen younger than 20 years old. During premenarche period, proportion of ovarian malignancies was 50%.Only 1% of ovarian masses were found to be malignant during the pregnancy and post-partum periods. Paritydecreasedthe probability of ovarian malignancy during postmenopausal years. Period of menopause did nothave any impact on this probability. During the first two decades of life, germ cell malignancy dominated. Asthe age increased, the percentage of surface epithelial-stromal malignancy increased with a peak at the fifthdecade. In contrast, malignant sex cord-stromal cell tumors occurred at a constant rate in each age group afterthe thirties. Conclusions: Proportion of ovarian cancers in each age group, menstrual and pregnancy status aresimilar. However there are differences in the distribution of ovarian subtypes especially for the surface epithelialstromalcategory.}, keywords = {Ovarian masses,Ovarian cancers,Pregnancy,menopause,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29860.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29860_d2784180705937d57c7282fe9c885f96.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Turkish Social Attitudes towards to Cancer Prevention: a Health Belief Model Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7935-7940}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This research was planned to reveal society’s attitude towards cancer and early diagnosis using the healthbelief model. This study was planned as descriptive research in Isparta. A random sample of n=256 individualsof both genders was recruited at the largest shopping center. As a means of collection tool, a survey consisted oftwo forms, the first designed for sociodemographic information and the second covering 29 questions suitablefor the content of Health Belief Model. Of the participants, 66.8% were female and 33.2% were male, and theaverage age was 33.3±11.0 years. Some 46.1% partly thought that they may develop cancer, and 49.6% wereafraid of this possibility. As many as 50% indicated that cancer is an issue that comes from Allah. A significantdifference was found between not going for control unless feeling bad, and blood analysis for cancer screening(χ2=3.780 p= 0.03). It was seen that in an area with a high rate of cancer, people’s awareness of cancer preventionand early diagnosis and attitudes towards these are insufficient.}, keywords = {cancer,Early Diagnosis,Health Belief Model,Prevention,Protection,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29861.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29861_81394607667b73983409119c362a30fa.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Lack of Association between the COMT rs4680 Polymorphism and Ovarian Cancer Risk: Evidence from a Meta-analysis of 3,940 Individuals}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7941-7945}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is involved in estrogen metabolism and is vital to estrogen-inducedcarcinogenesis, including that of ovarian cancer. Although many recent epidemiologic studies have investigatedassociations between the COMT rs4680 polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk, the results remain inconclusive.We therefore performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimate of associations. Systematic searches ofthe PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Chinese Biomedicine databases were undertaken to retrieve eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with theircorresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to assess the strength of the association. In total, 8case-control studies involving 1,293 cases and 2,647 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, theresults showed no evidence of significant association between the COMT rs4680 polymorphism and ovariancancer risk in any of the assessed genetic models. Subgroup analyses by ethnicity also did not reveal anysignificant association in any genetic model (p>0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the COMT rs4680polymorphism may not contribute to the risk of ovarian cancer.}, keywords = {COMT,Polymorphism,Genetic,Ovarian Cancer,meta - analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29862.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29862_c53706ed737107f58d83ae61a54d2de2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Dietary Factors and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: a Multi-Centre Case-Control Study in China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7947-7950}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Pancreatic cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death with an increasing trend in China.Dietary intake is believed to play an important role in pancreatic cancer carcinogenesis. The aim of this paper wasto evaluate associations between some dietary factors and risk of pancreatic cancer in a multi-centre case-controlstudy conducted in China. Materials and Methods: Cases (n=323) were ascertained from four provincial cancerhospitals. Controls (n=323) were randomly selected from the family members of patients without pancreaticcancer in the same hospitals, 1:1 matched to cases by gender, age and study center. Data were collected with aquestionnaire by personal interview. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimatedusing conditional logistic regression. Results: Tea intake (OR =0.49; 95%CI: 0.30-0.80) was associated with a halfreduction in risk of pancreatic cancer. Reduced vegetable consumption (P trend: 0.04) was significant related topancreatic cancer. Although no significant association was found for meat and fruit, ORs were all above or belowthe reference group. A protective effect was found for fruit (OR=1.73 for consumption of 1-2 times/week vs morethan 3 times/week; 95%CI: 1.05-2.86). A high intake of meat was associated to a higher risk of pancreatic cancer(OR=0.59 for consumption of 1-2 times /week vs. more than 3 times /week; 95%CI: 0.35-0.97). Conclusions: Thepresent study supports fruit consumption to reduce pancreatic cancer risk and indicates that high consumptionof meat is related to an elevated risk. Direct inverse relations with tea and vegetable intake were also confirmed.}, keywords = {Pancreatic cancer,risk factors,Diet,Tea,Vegetables,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29863.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29863_298e9ebc73df933a995a1c27433013fa.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cervical Pathology in Cytology-Negative/HPV-Positive Women: Results from Lampang Cancer Hospital, Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7951-7954}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: To evaluate the cervical pathology of cytology-negative/high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) positive-women. Materials and Methods: This study recruited 4,583 women aged 30-70 years whohad undergone cervical screening by liquid-based cytology and HR-HPV test (14 HR-HPV types) at LampangCancer Hospital during October 2012 to July 2013. Colposcopy was carried out in all women. Results: Onehundred and ninety-two (4.19%) women were found to be cytology-negative/HR-HPV-positive. However, 23cases were excluded because of incomplete information, leaving 169 women for further analyses. Of these 169,45 (26.6%) were infected with HPV 16/18 and 49 (29.0%) with multiple genotypes of HR-HPV. Nineteen of 169(11.24%) women were found to have CIN 2-3. No women in the present study had AIS or invasive cervical lesions.Prevalence of CIN 2-3 among women infected with HPV 16/18 was 15.6% which was higher than the 9.68% inthose with non-HPV 16/18 oncogenic types. Conclusions: Overall, 11% of cytology-negative/HR-HPV-positivewomen had significant cervical lesions. Risk of harboring such lesions was substantially increased among thosewho were HPV 16/18 positive.}, keywords = {cervical pathology,human papillomavirus,Genotyping,HPV subtypes,CIN}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29864.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29864_2eb4cb031c046e2f9e16938d5707eeeb.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association of rs1219648 in FGFR2 and rs1042522 in TP53 with Premenopausal Breast Cancer in an Iranian Azeri Population}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7955-7958}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the world. In Iran, the incidence of breast canceris on the increase. We here studied the association of rs1219648 in FGFR2 and rs1042522 in TP53 and theirinteraction in development of early onset sporadic breast cancer in Iranian Azeri population to evaluate epistaticeffects on the risk of mammary neoplasia. We genotyped the two polymorphisms in 100 women with early onsetbreast cancer and 100 healthy women by PCR-RFLP. Allele frequency differences were tested using chi2-test with95% confident intervals. Our results indicated a statistically significant association (p<0.05) between rs1219648,but not rs1042522, and risk of breast cancer. We also found that the combination of FGFR2 major genotypeand TP53 hetero genotype had protective effects against breast cancer , while the hetero allele of FGFR2 incombination with the minor genotype of TP53 was associated with a high risk. This study revealed an importantcrosstalk between two polymorphisms in FGFR2 and TP53 in development of breast cancer. These candidatesrisk variants should be further evaluated in studies with a larger sample size.}, keywords = {Early onset breast cancer,FGFR2,Tp53,Single nucleotide polymorphism}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29865.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29865_7c85d997b72d0c2f0771730e745cefe3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Do Clinical Features and Survival of Single Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancers Differ from Double Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancers?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7959-7964}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The significance of the single hormone receptor positive phenotype of breast cancer is still poorly understood.The use of hormone therapy has been found to be less effective for this type, which has a survival outcome midwaybetween double positive and double negative phenotypes. The aim of this study was to investigate differencesin patient and tumor characteristics and survival between double-receptor positive (ER+PR+), double receptornegative (ER-PR-) and single receptor positive (ER+PR- and ER-PR+) breast cancer in an Asian setting. Atotal of 1,992 patients with newly diagnosed stage I to IV breast cancer between 2003 and 2008, and whereinformation on ER and PR were available, were included in this study. The majority of patients had ER+PR+tumors (n=903: 45.3%), followed by 741 (37.2%) ER-PR-, 247 (12.4%) ER+PR-, and 101 (5.1%) ER-PR+ tumors.Using multivariate analysis, ER+PR- tumors were 2.4 times more likely to be grade 3 compared to ER+PR+tumors. ER+PR- and ER-PR+ tumors were 82% and 86% respectively less likely to be grade 3 compared withER-PR- tumors. ER-PR+ tumours were associated with younger age. There were no survival differences betweenpatients with ER+PR+ and ER-PR+ tumors. However, ER+PR- tumors have poorer survival compared withER+PR+ tumours. ER-PR- tumours had the worst survival. Adjuvant hormonal therapy with tamoxifen wasfound to have identical survival advantage in patients with ER+PR+ and ER-PR+ tumors whereas impact wasslightly lower in patients with ER+PR- tumors. In conclusion, we found ER+PR- tumors to be more aggressiveand have poorer survival when compared to ER+PR+ tumors, while patients with ER-PR+ tumours were younger,but had a similar survival to their counterparts with ER+PR+ tumours.}, keywords = {breast cancer,hormonal receptors,ER-PR+ subtype,survival outcome}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29866.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29866_32d16d64a5306ea6fcfcbeb18dc5e2e5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Impact of IL-2 and IL-2R SNPs on Proliferation and Tumorkilling Activity of Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells from Healthy Chinese Blood Donors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7965-7970}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {One of the goals of tumor immunotherapy is to generate immune cells with potent anti-tumor activity throughin vitro techniques using peripheral blood collected from patients. However, cancer patients generally havepoor immunological function. Thus using patient T cells, which have reduced in vitro proliferative capabilitiesand less tumor cell killing activity to generate lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, fails to achieve optimalclinical efficacy. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a potent activating cytokine for both T cells and natural killer cells.Thus, this study aimed to identify optimal donors for allogeneic LAK cell immunotherapy based on singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the IL-2 and IL-2R genes. IL-2 and IL-2R SNPs were analyzed using HRMPCR.LAK cells were derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by culturing with IL-2. The frequencyand tumor-killing activity of LAK cells in each group were analyzed by flow cytometry and tumor cell killingassays, respectively. Regarding polymorphisms at IL-2-330 (rs2069762) T/G, LAK cells from GG donors hadsignificantly greater proliferation, tumor-killing activity, and IFN-γ production than LAK cells from TT donors(P<0.05). Regarding polymorphisms at IL-2R rs2104286 A/G, LAK cell proliferation and tumor cell killing weresignificantly greater in LAK cells from AA donors than GG donors (P<0.05). These data suggest that either IL-2-330(rs2069762)T/G GG donors or IL-2R rs2104286 A/G AA donors are excellent candidates for allogeneicLAK cell immunotherapy.}, keywords = {NK- LAK- IL-2-330 (rs2069762)T/G,IL-2R (rs2104286)A/G,Blood donors,killer cells}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29867.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29867_238e410c681f4aba2b128233cebcf413.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {CCNA1 Promoter Methylation: a Potential Marker for Grading Papanicolaou Smear Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7971-7975}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: From our previous study, we established that cyclin A1 (CCNA1) promoter methylation isstrongly correlated with multistep progression of HPV-associated cervical cancer, suggesting potential use as adiagnostic maker of disease. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of CCNA1promoter methylation in residual cervical cells isolated from liquid-based cytology that underwent hrHPV DNAscreening for cervical cancer, and then to evaluate this marker for diagnostic accuracy using parameters likesensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratio. Methods: In this retrospective study, histopathologywas used as the gold standard method with specimens separated into the following groups: negative (n=31), lowgradesquamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL, n=34) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse(HSIL+, n=32). The hrHPV was detected by Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) and CCNA1 promoter methylation wasexamined by CCNA1 duplex methylation specific PCR. Results: The results showed the frequencies of CCNA1promoter methylation were 0%, 5.88% and 83.33%, while the percentages of hrHPV were 66.67%, 82.35% and100% in the negative, LSIL and HSIL+ groups, respectively. Although hrHPV infection showed high frequencyin all three groups, it could not differentiate between the different groups and grades of precancerous lesions. Incontrast, CCNA1 promoter methylation clearly distinguished between negative/LSIL and HSIL+, with high levelsof all statistic parameters. Conclusion: CCNA1 promoter methylation is a potential marker for distinguishingbetween histologic negative/LSIL and HSIL+using cervical cytology samples.}, keywords = {CCNA1 promoter methylation,cervical cancer,HPV,duplex MS-PCR,Pap smear}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29868.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29868_b69d7a13735058ad499082f49f8bab0a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cervical Pathology in High-Risk Human Papillomavirus-Positive, Cytologically Normal Women}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7977-7980}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of significant cervical pathology among women whoare high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-positive/cytology negative, the most common combination ofpositive co-tests. The records of 244 women HR-HPV-positive/cytology-negative who had undergone colposcopyat Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University during January 2010 and April 2014 were reviewed. Meanage was 46.4 years. Of these 224 women, 75 were positive for HPV types 16/18 (33.5%) and 123 were positivefor non-16/18 types (54.9%). HR-HPV was not genotyped in the remaining 26 women (11.6%). Prevalence ofsignificant lesions for the entire cohort was 2.4%, and 2.6% and 3.3%, respectively, for those with HPV 16/18and other oncogenic HPV types. One woman with HPV 16/18 (1.3%) had invasive cervical cancer. Multiparouswomen were more likely to be infected with HPV 16/18 compared to nulliparous women (36.3% versus 17.6%,respectively). In conclusion, the prevalence of significant cervical lesion among our study population was 2.4%.Multiparous women were more likely to be infected with HPV 16/18 compared to nulliparous women.}, keywords = {human papillomavirus,High-risk HPV,Genotyping,cervical pathology}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29869.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29869_33b113f3ece30a04bd1cb193fa49c471.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Accuracy of Self-Checked Fecal Occult Blood Testing for Colorectal Cancer in Thai Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7981-7984}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) has been associatedwith a reduction in CRC incidence and CRC-related mortality. However, a conventional FOBT requires stoolcollection and handling, which may be inconvenient for participants. The EZ-DetectTM (Siam PharmaceuticalThailand) is a FDA-approved chromogen-substrate based FOBT which is basically a self-checked FOBT (nostool handling required). This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of EZ-Detect for CRC detection. Methods:This prospective study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand betweenNovember 2013 and May 2014. Some 96 patients with histologically-proven CRC and 101 patients with normalcolonoscopic findings were invited to perform self-checked FOBT according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Results were compared with endoscopic and pathologic findings. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for CRC detection were calculated. Results: The present studyrevealed the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of this self-checked FOBT for CRC detection to be 41% (95%CI: 31-51), 97% (95% CI: 92-99), 93% (95% CI: 81-98) and 63% (95% CI: 55-70), respectively. The overallaccuracy of the self-checked FOBT for identifying CRC was 70%. The sensitivity for CRC detection based on7th AJCC staging was 29% for stage I, 32% for stage II and 50% for stage III/IV (P=0.19). The sensitivity was33% for proximal colon and 42% for distal colon and rectal cancer (P=0.76). Notably, none of nine infiltrativelesions gave a positive FOBT. Conclusions: The self-checked FOBT had an acceptable accuracy of CRC detectionexcept for infiltrative tumors. This home-administrated or ‘DIY’ do-it-yourself FOBT could be considered asone non-invasive and convenient tool for CRC screening.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,Screening,fecal occult blood testing,self-checked,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29870.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29870_0f3a52f9e0077c258f86b3eedd1f2623.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Data Quality of Childhood Cancer in Khon Kaen, Thailand, 1990-2007}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7985-7987}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Khon Kaen Cancer Registry (KKCR) was established in 1984. KKCR aims to collect allcancer cases in Khon Kaen Province. The poorly qualified data may lead to distort the cancer burden andmisinterpretation of policy maker. Objective: To assess data quality in childhood cancer between 1990 and 2007in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. Materials and Methods: Data of childhood cancer cases aged less than 20 yearsdiagnosed during 1990-2007 were retrieved from the population-based data set of KKCR. All childhood cancerdata were verified before data entry. Internal consistency, percentage of morphological verification (MV%) andcancer cased of the basis of diagnosis by death certificate only (DCO%) were evaluated. The age-adjusted rate(ASR) was calculated by standard method. Results: The data of childhood cancer from KKCR is acceptablyqualified which reflects the quality of the whole registration.}, keywords = {population-based,Data quality,childhood}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29871.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29871_3ad5144d42fb0a2026e9cbeb236576e4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Childhood Cancer Incidence and Survival 1985-2009, Khon Kaen, Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7989-7993}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The Khon Kaen Cancer Registry (KKCR) was established in 1984. Previous population-basedincidences and survivals of childhood cancer in Thailand were determined using a short cancer registration period.Materials and Methods: Data were retrieved of all children residing in Khon Kaen, between 0–15 years, diagnosedas having cancer and registered in the KKCR (1985-2009). The follow-up censored date was December 31, 2012.The childhood cancers were classified into 12 diagnostic groups, according to the International Classificationof Childhood Cancer. The incidence was calculated by the standard method. Survival of childhood cancer wasinvestigated using the KKCR population-based registration data and overall survival calculated using the KaplanMeier method. Results: In the study period, 912 newly diagnosed cases of childhood cancer were registered.The respective mean and median age was 6.4 (SD=4.6) and 6 (0-14) years. The age-peak for incidence was 0–4years. The age-standardized rate (ASR) was 83 per million. Leukemia was the most common cancer (N=360,ASR 33.8) followed by neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS, N=150, ASR 12.8) and lymphoma (N=79,ASR 7.0). The follow-up duration totaled 101,250 months. The death rate was 1.11 per 100 person-months(95%CI: 1.02 -1.20). The 5-year overall survival was 52% (95%CI: 53-56.9) for all cancers. The respective 5-yearoverall survival for (1) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), (2) acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL), (3)lymphoma, (4) germ cell tumors, (5) renal tumors, (6) retinoblastoma, (7) soft tissue tumors, (8) CNS tumors,(9) bone tumors, (10) liver tumors, and (11) neuroblastoma was (1) 51%, (2) 37%, (3) 63%, (4) 74%, (5) 67%,(6) 55%, (7) 46%, (8) 44%, (9) 36%, (10) 34%, and (11) 25%. Conclusions: The incidence of childhood canceris lower than those of western countries. Respective overall survival for ALL, lymphoma, renal tumors, livertumors, retinoblastoma, soft tissue tumors is lower than that reported in developed countries while survival forCNS tumors, neuroblastoma and germ cell tumors is comparable.}, keywords = {Incidence,survival,Childhood cancer,Khon Kaen,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29872.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29872_6aff585bac3e4ff121c9a899427b064c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Induction of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) Enzymatic Activity Contributes to Interferon-Gamma Induced Apoptosis and Death Receptor 5 Expression in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {7995-8001}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) has been used to treat various malignant tumors. However, the molecularmechanisms underlying the direct anti-proliferative activity of IFN-γ are poorly understood. In the present study,we examined the in vitro antitumor activity of IFN-γ on two human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) celllines, H322M and H226. Our findings indicated that IFN-γ treatment caused a time-dependent reduction in cellviability and induced apoptosis through a FADD-mediated caspase-8/tBid/mitochondria-dependent pathway inboth cell lines. Notably, we also postulated that IFN-γ increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expressionand enzymatic activity in H322M and H226 cells. In addition, inhibition of IDO activity by the IDO inhibitor1-MT or tryptophan significantly reduced IFN-γ-induced apoptosis and death receptor 5 (DR5) expression,which suggests that IDO enzymatic activity plays an important role in the anti-NSCLC cancer effect of IFN-γ.These results provide new mechanistic insights into interferon-γ antitumor activity and further support IFN-γas a potential therapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of NCSLC}, keywords = {Non-small-cell lung carcinoma - nterferon-γ - apoptosis - indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase - death receptor 5}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29873.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29873_ca01e28ae9785d48ea282d572051a285.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Is MPV a Real Prognostic Indicator for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {8003-8003}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29299.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29299_4b45180e2ad73d304b2e8d6c1398b621.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Is Waterpipe Smoking Becoming Increasingly Widespread Among the Youth?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {18}, pages = {8005-8006}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29300.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29300_2f7b15a36e64eafc6dfd37ba4b9e5a58.pdf} }