@article { author = {}, title = {Luteolin, a Bioflavonoid Inhibits Colorectal Cancer through Modulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways: A Review}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5501-5508}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Luteolin, 3’, 4’, 5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, belongs to a group of naturally occurring compounds called flavonoidsthat are found widely in the plant kingdom. It possesses many beneficial properties including antioxidant, antiinflammatory,anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic and anti-proliferative actions. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leadingcause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Many signaling pathways are deregulated during the progression ofcolon cancer. In this review we aimed to analyze the protection offered by luteolin on colon cancer. During coloncancer genesis, luteolin known to reduce oxidative stress thereby protects the cell to undergo damage in vivo.Wnt/β-catenin signaling, deregulated during neoplastic development, is modified by luteolin. Hence, luteolincan be considered as a potential drug to treat CRC.}, keywords = {luteolin,Colon cancer,Wnt/β-catenin,Nrf2}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29450.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29450_2964244e40d115a8bcb9abd9ca34bac3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {RNA Interference: a Promising Therapy for Gastric Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5509-5515}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Gastric cancer (GC) remains a virtually incurable disease when metastatic and requires early screening toolsfor detection of early tumor stages. Therefore, finding effective strategies for prevention or recurrence of GChas become a major overall initiative. RNA-interference (RNAi) is an innovative technique that can significantlyregulate the expression of oncogenes involved in gastric carcinogenesis, thus constituting a promising epigeneticapproach to GC therapy. This review presents recent advances concerning the promising biomolecular mechanismof RNAi for GC treatment.}, keywords = {RNA interference,therapy,Gastric cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29451.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29451_5ce6d549b96beacda4c0818c34019bd6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Risk of Cancer with Combined Oral Contraceptive Use among Iranian Women}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5517-5522}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Oral contraceptive use is the most common type of contraception. More than 300 million women worldwidetake oral contraceptives every day. However, there is a concern about the relationship with the incidenceof cancer. This analytical retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between the incidence ofcervical and breast cancers and oral contraceptive use in 128 Iranian patients with cervical cancer, 235 withbreast cancer and equal numbers of controls. Data were collected through interviews with an organized set ofquestions. Details were also extracted from patient files. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test, chi-square andFisher’s exact tests, and Pearson’s correlation analysis. The result revealed correlations between both cervicaland breast cancers and history of contraceptive pills use. While cervical cancer significantly correlated withduration of use of pills, breast cancer had significant correlations with the type of oral contraceptive and age atfirst use. No significant relationships were found between the two types of cancer and age at discontinuation oforal contraceptives, patterns of use, and intervals from the last use. The use of oral contraceptives may triplethe incidence of cervical cancer and doubles the incidence of breast cancer. Therefore, performing Pap smearsevery six months and breast cancer screening are warranted for long-term oral contraceptive users.}, keywords = {Cancer risk,cervical cancer,breast cancer,Oral contraceptive use,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29452.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29452_b78ee0ef80b08501123c901a4e54cb59.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Implementation of Screening Colonoscopy amongst First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Turkey: a Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Based Survey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5523-5528}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the implementation of screening colonoscopy amongst first-degree relatives (FDRs)of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in Turkey. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 first-degree relatives(mean(SD)age: 42.5(12.7) years, 55.5% were male) of 136 CRC patients were included in this cross-sectionalquestionnaire based survey. Data on demographic characteristics, relationship to patient and family history formalignancy other than the index case were evaluated in the FDRs of patients as were the data on knowledge aboutand characteristics related to the implementation of screening colonoscopy using a standardized questionnaireform. Results: The mean(SD) age at diagnosis of CRC in the index patients was 60.0(14.0) years, while mean(SD)age of first degree relatives was 42.5(12.7) years. Overall 36.3% of relatives were determined to have knowledgeabout colonoscopy. Physicians (66.9%) were the major source of information. Screening colonoscopy wasrecommended to 19.5% (n=78) of patient relatives, while 48.7% (n=38) of individuals participated in colonoscopyprocedures, mostly (57.9%) one year after the index diagnosis. Screening colonoscopy revealed normal findingsin 25 of 38 (65.8%) cases, while precancerous lesions were detected in 26.3% of screened individuals. In 19.0% ofFDRs of patients, there was a detected risk for Lynch syndrome related cancer. Conclusions: In conclusion, ourfindings revealed that less than 20% of FDRs of patients had received a screening colonoscopy recommendation;only 48.7% participated in the procedure with detection of precancerous lesions in 26.3%. Rise of awarenessabout screening colonoscopy amongst patients with CRC and first degree relatives of patients and motivationof physicians for targeted screening would improve the participation rate in screening colonoscopy by FDRs ofpatients with CRC in Turkey.}, keywords = {screening colonoscopy,colorectal cancer,first-degree relatives,awareness}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29453.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29453_9d54cb574d2c63c84761b51fd181a285.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Liposome-mediated Induction of Apoptosis of Human Hepatoma Cells by C-Myc Antisense Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotide and 5-Fluorouracil}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5529-5533}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotideand 5-fluorouracil on the expression of c-myc, invasion and proliferation of HEPG-2 liver cancer cells. Materialsand Methods: HEPG-2 cells were treated with lipiosome-mediated c-myc ADSON and 5-fluorouracil. Theproliferation inhibition rate and invasion were measured by MTT and invasion assay, respectively. Cell apoptosiswas detected by flow cytometry and expression of c-myc by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: Theproliferation inhibition rate was significantly higher in the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide added-5-fluorouracilgroup than single antisense oligodeoxynucleotide or 5-fluorouracil group (p<0.05). G0/G1 cells in the antisenseoligodeoxynucleotide group and S cells in the 5-fluorouracil groups were significantly increased than that in thecontrol group, respectively (P<0.01). The amplification strips of PCR products in 5-FU, ASODN and combinationgroups were significantly weaker than that in the control group (P<0.01). The percentage of c-myc-proteinpositivecells were significantly lower in antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, 5-fluorouracil and combination groupsthan that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions: A liposome-mediated c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotideand 5-fluorouracil can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of liver cancer cells by reducing the expression ofc-myc. A c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotide can increase the sensitivity of liver cancer cells to 5-fluorouraciland decrease the dosage of the agent necessary for efficacy, providing an experimental basis for the clinicaltherapy of liver cancer.}, keywords = {c-Myc,antisense oligodeoxynucleotide,5-fluorouracil,hepatoma carcinoma cell,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29454.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29454_848d6aba8a1fb96f11e75b1539e1b42c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Analysis of Indoleamine 2-3 Dioxygenase (IDO) and EGFR Coexpression in Breast Cancer Tissue by Immunohistochemistry}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5535-5538}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: To determine the amount of co-expression of IDO and EGFR in breast cancer patients.Materials and Methods:In order to obtain the distribution of co-expression of IDO and EGFR in breast cancer,we tested 110 breast cancer paraffin tissue blocks with immunohistochemical methods. Then we investigated therelationship between the diagnostic and pathologic characteristics (tumor size, lymph node status, histologicgrade, the gene expression of ER, PR, HER2, p53, Ki67 and PCNA) with the situation of co-expression of IDOand EGFR by reviewing the medical records of 32 breast cancer patients. Results: Among 110 breast cancers, 32cases demonstrated IDO and EGFR co-expression (29.1%), IDO and EGFR synchronous co-expression beingfound in 19.1% and asynchronous in 10.0%. Conclusions: IDO and EGFR were co-expressed in breast cancer,including synchronous and asynchronous co-expression. The results suggest that considering IDO and EGFRas two indicators for breast cancer treatment or prognosis analysis provides a potential option of individualtreatment for the portion of breast cancer patients with co-expression of IDO and EGFR.}, keywords = {EGFR,IDO,Co-expression,breast cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29455.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29455_0ab9d2cdd37dba589aa7084a30ca6edd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Breast Cancer Recurrence According to Molecular Subtype}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5539-5544}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: To evaluate the location of tumor relapse and imaging modality for detection according to thebreast cancer subtype: luminal A, luminal B, HER2 positive luminal B, nonluminal HER2 positive, and triplenegative. Materials and Methods: A total of 1244 patients with breast cancer with known estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR), Ki-67 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), who underwentbreast surgery from 2009 to 2012 were analyzed. Patients were classified into the following categories: luminalA (n=458), luminal B (n=241), HER2 positive luminal B (n=227), nonluminal HER2 positive (n=145) and triplenegative (n=173). A total of 105 cases of relapse were detected in 102 patients: locoregional recurrence (n=46),recurrence in the contralateral breast (n=28) and distant metastasis (n=31). Comparison of proportions wasused to determine the difference between subtypes. Results: Relapse rates by subtypes are as follows: luminal A23 of 458 (5.02%), luminal B 19 of 241(7.88%), HER2 positive luminal B 15 of 227 (6.61%), nonluminal HER2postive 19 of 145 (13.10%) and triple negative 29 of 173(16.76%). Luminal A tumors had the lowest rate ofrecurrence and had significantly lower recurrence rate in comparison with nonluminal HER2 postive (p=0.0017)and triple negative subtypes (p<0.0001). Compared with all other subtypes except nonluminal HER2 positive,triple negative tumors had the highest rate of tumor recurrence (p<0.01). Triple negatives were most likely todevelop contralateral recurrence against all subtypes (p<0.05). Detection rate of locoregional and contralateraltumor recurrence were 28.3% on mammography (n=17/60). Conclusions: Luminal A tumors are associatedwith a low risk of recurrence while triple negative lesions have a high risk. In case of triple negative tumors, thecontralateral breast has much more recurrence as compared with all other subtype. In terms of detection rates,breast USG was the best modality for detecting tumor recurrence, compared with other modalities (p<0.05).Subtyping of breast tumors using a molecular gene expression panel can identify patients who have increasedrisk of recurrence and allow prediction of locations of tumor recurrence for each subtype.}, keywords = {Breast Neoplasms,Recurrence,Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms,Receptors,estrogen,Ultrasonography}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29456.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29456_d4982c16b5b804ba20913415fabc01b9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Standard based Deposit Guideline for Distribution of Human Biological Materials in Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5545-5550}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Human biological materials from cancer patients are linked directly with public health issues inmedical science research as foundational resources so securing “human biological material” is truly importantin bio-industry. However, because South Korea’s national R and D project lacks a proper managing systemfor establishing a national standard for the outputs of certain processes, high-value added human biologicalmaterial produced by the national R and D project could be lost or neglected. As a result, it is necessary todevelop a managing process, which can be started by establishing operating guidelines to handle the outputof human biological materials. Materials and Methods: The current law and regulations related to submittingresearch outcome resources was reviewed, and the process of data ‘acquisition’ and data ‘distribution’ from thepoint of view of big data and health 2.0 was examined in order to arrive at a method for switching paradigms tobetter utilize human biological materials. Results: For the deposit of biological research resources, the originalprocess was modified and a standard process with relative forms was developed. With deposit forms, researchinformation, researchers, and deposit type are submitted. The checklist’s 26 items are provided for publishing.This is a checklist of items that should be addressed in deposit reports. Lastly, XML-based deposit procedureforms were designed and developed to collect data in a structured form, to help researchers distribute theirdata in an electronic way. Conclusions: Through guidelines included with the plan for profit sharing betweendepositor and user it is possible to manage the material effectively and safely, so high-quality human biologicalmaterial can be supplied and utilized by researchers from universities, industry and institutes. Furthermore,this will improve national competitiveness by leading to development in the national bio-science industry.}, keywords = {Biobank,human biological materials,Deposit,cancer,XML}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29457.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29457_8ec2f2ef6e7a35e582646801743bbf8e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Lack of Effects of HER-2/neu on Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer: a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5551-5556}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The prognostic value of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2/neu) for survivalof patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is still ambiguous. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to evaluateits prognostic significance. Materials and Methods: We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases forpublished literature investigating associations between HER-2/neu status and overall survival of patients withCRC. A meta-analysis was performed using a DerSimonian-Laird model and publication bias was investigatedby Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Subgroup analysis was also conducted according to the study design type, studyquality score, cut-off value for HER-2/neu overexpression, publication region, patient number and publicationyear. Results: A total of 17 eligible studies involving 2,347 patients were identified for this meta-analysis. Thecombined hazard ratio (HR) was 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96-1.79), suggesting that HER-2/neuoverexpression was not significantly associated with overall survival of patients with CRC. However, subgroupanalysis revealed that HER-2/neu overexpression had an unfavorable impact on survival when the analysiswas restricted to subgroups of study quality score ≤ 5 (HR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.17-2.10), Asian patients (HR=1.74,95%CI: 1.22-2.49), patient number ≤ 106 (HR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.01-2.44), publication year before 2003 (HR=1.59,95%CI: 1.02-2.49), and prospectively designed study (HR=3.62, 95%CI: 1.42-9.24). The effect disappeared insubgroups of study quality scores > 5 (HR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.33-1.44), non Asian patients (HR=1.14, 95%CI:0.77-1.70), patients’ number > 106 (HR=1.07, 95%CI: 0.67-1.72), publication year after 2003 (HR=1.13, 95%CI:0.76-1.69), and retrospectively designed study (HR=1.22, 95%CI: 0.89-1.67). Conclusions: Our meta-analysissuggests that HER-2/neu overexpression might not be a significantly prognostic indicator for patients with CRC.Further studies are required to confirm these results.}, keywords = {Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,Prognosis,Overall survival,colorectal cancer,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29458.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29458_919705463eee531e97f2ffec6475e259.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Benefit of Post-mastectomy Radiotherapy of the Supra-/infraclavicular Lymphatic Drainage Area in Breast Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5557-5563}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: This study investigated the survival benefit of radiotherapy (RT) of the supra- and infraclavicularlymphatic drainage area in Chinese women with T1-2N1M0 breast cancer receiving mastectomy. Methods: A totalof 593 cases were retrospectively reviewed from 1998 to 2007. The relationship between supra- or infraclavicularfossa relapse (SCFR) and post-operative RT at the supra-/infraclavicular lymphatic drainage area was evaluated.Results: The majority of patients (532/593; 89. 8%) received no RT while 61 patients received RT. The medianfollow-up was 85 months. Among patients without RT, 54 (10. 2%) developed recurrence in the chest wallor ipsilateral SCFR. However, none of the 61 patients who underwent RT demonstrated SCFR. One patientwho received RT (1. 6%) experienced recurrence in the chest wall. Univariate analysis revealed that age andmolecular subtype (both P < 0. 05) were two prognostic factors related to supraclavicular and infraclavicularfossa relapse-free survival (SFRFS). Multivariate analysis revealed that only Her-2 positive status (P = 0. 011) wasan independent predictor of SFRFS. RT had no influence on distant metastasis (P = 0. 328) or overall survival (P= 0. 541). SCFR significantly affected probability of distant metastasis (P < 0. 001) and overall survival (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Although RT was not significantly associated with SFRFS, postoperative RT was significantlyassociated with a lower locoregional (i. e. , supraclavicular/infraclavicular and chest wall) recurrence rate. SCFRsignificantly influenced distant metastasis-free survival, which significantly influenced the overall survival of T1-2N1M0 breast cancer patients after mastectomy. Thus, prophylactic RT is recommended in T1-2N1M0 breastcancer patients, especially those who have Her-2 positive lesions.}, keywords = {Axillary lymph nodes,breast cancer,radiotherapy,relapse-free survival,distant metastasis-free survival}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29459.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29459_aab49d4095ce613bbfceda2d17c6c439.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Histopathological Patterns of Thyroid Disease in Al-Madinah Region of Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5565-5570}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the histopathological pattern of thyroid lesions among Saudipatients and to highlight the age and gender variations of these lesions as base line data. Materials and Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the data from thyroid specimens received at the Department of Pathology, KingFahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia from January 2006 to December 2013. Results: The 292 thyroidectomyspecimens received during the study period came from 230 (78.8%) females and 62 (21.2%) males giving afemale: male ratio of 3.7:1. Age of the patients ranged from 14 to 95 years with a mean age 39.7 years. Twohundred and eleven (72.3%) cases were found to be non-neoplastic and 81 (27.7%) cases were neoplastic. Thenon-neoplastic group included: colloid goiter, including both diffuse and nodular goiter (170 cases; 58.2%),nodular hyperplasia (28 cases; 9.6%), Hashimoto/chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (12 cases; 4.1%), and Grave’sdisease (1 case; 0.3%). In neoplastic lesions, there were 7 benign tumors and 74 malignant tumors. Among thebenign tumors, 5 were follicular adenomas and 2 were Hurthle cell adenomas. Papillary carcinoma was thecommonest malignant tumor accounting for 87.8% of all thyroid malignancies, followed by lymphoma, follicularcarcinoma and medullary carcinoma. The size of papillary carcinoma was more than 2 cm in 40 cases (76.9%).Conclusions: Non-neoplastic thyroid lesions were more common than neoplastic ones. Colloid goiter was themost common lesion. Follicular adenoma was the commonest benign tumor and papillary carcinoma was thecommonest malignant lesion. There appears to be a slightly increased trend of papillary carcinoma diagnosis,most being diagnosed at an advanced stage.}, keywords = {Thyroid diseases,histopathology,Saudi Arabia,Madinah}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29460.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29460_5c06a391daa4315aac56b9021f8aecbf.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Statistical Applications for the Prediction of White Hispanic Breast Cancer Survival}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5571-5575}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The ability to predict the survival time of breast cancer patients is important because ofthe potential high morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. To develop a predictive inference fordetermining the survival of breast cancer patients, we applied a novel Bayesian method. In this paper, we proposethe development of a databased statistical probability model and application of the Bayesian method to predictfuture survival times for White Hispanic female breast cancer patients, diagnosed in the US during 1973-2009.Materials and Methods: A stratified random sample of White Hispanic female patient survival data was selectedfrom the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to derive statistical probability models.Four were considered to identify the best-fit model. We used three standard model-building criteria, whichincluded Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and Deviance InformationCriteria (DIC) to measure the goodness of fit. Furthermore, the Bayesian method was used to derive future survivalinferences for survival times. Results: The highest number of White Hispanic female breast cancer patients inthis sample was from New Mexico and the lowest from Hawaii. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis (years) was 58.2(14.2). The mean (SD) of survival time (months) for White Hispanic females was 72.7 (32.2). We found that theexponentiated Weibull model best fit the survival times compared to other widely known statistical probabilitymodels. The predictive inference for future survival times is presented using the Bayesian method. Conclusions:The findings are significant for treatment planning and health-care cost allocation. They should also contributeto further research on breast cancer survival issues.}, keywords = {Breast cancer survival data,Bayesian inference,Statistical models,survival inference}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29461.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29461_53fc6d6e5fd4576cbc0e4fd50c57d8d0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Short-Hairpin RNA-Mediated MTA2 Silencing Inhibits Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB231 Proliferation and Metastasis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5577-5582}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To observe the effects of metastasis-associated tumor gene family 2 (MTA2) depletion on humanbreast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Methods: A short-hairpin RNA targeting MTA2 was chemicallysynthesized and transfected into a lentivirus to construct Lv-shMTA2 for infection into the MDA-MB231human breast cancer cell line. At 48 hours after infection cells were harvested and mRNA and protein levels ofMTA2 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting,respectively. Cell viability and metastasis were assessed by CCK-8, wound-healing assay and Transwell assay,respectively. In addition, a xenograft model of human breast cancer was constructed to investigate cancerouscell growth and capacity for metastasis. Results: After infection with Lv-shMTA2, mRNA and protein levelsof MTA2 was significantly reduced (p<0.05) and MDA-MB231 cell proliferation and metastasis were inhibited(p<0.05). In addition, mean tumor size was smaller than that in control group nude mice (p<0.05) and numbersof metastatic deposits in lung were lower than in control group mice (p<0.05). Depletion of MTA2 affectedMMP-2 and apoptosis-related protein expression. Conclusions: For the first time to our knowledge we showedthat MTA2 depletion could significantly inhibit human breast cancer cell growth and metastasis, implying thatMTA2 might be involved in the progression of breast cancer. The role of MTA2 in breast cancer growth andmetastasis might be linked with regulation of matrix metalloproteinase and apoptosis.}, keywords = {shRNA,MTA2,breast cancer,growth,Metastasis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29462.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29462_a6f81fe5f9ff84884b8f4e4813abd868.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {MicroRNA-146a Enhances Helicobacter pylori Induced Cell Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer Epithelial Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5583-5586}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection induces apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells, and this occurrencemay link to gastric carcinogenesis. However, the regulatory mechanism of H. pylori-induced apoptosis is notclear. MicroRNA-146a has been implicated as a key regulator of the immune system. This report describes ourdiscovery of molecular mechanisms of microRNA-146a regulation of apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells.We found that overexpression of microRNA-146a by transfecting microRNA-146a mimics could significantlyenhance apoptosis, and this up-regulation was triggered by COX-2 inhibition. Furthermore, we found thatmicroRNA-146a density was positively correlated with apoptosis rates in H. pylori-positive gastric cancertissues and intratumoral microRNA-146a density was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis amongH. pylori-positive gastric cancer patients. Understanding the important roles of microRNA-146a in regulatingcell apoptosis in H. pylori infected human gastric cancer cells will contribute to the development of microRNAtargeted therapy in the future.}, keywords = {Helicobacter pylori,Apoptosis,MicroRNA,COX-2}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29463.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29463_0a32eaf5fd5f1829e4d2de534fddaa9f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Inhibitory Effects of Low-Dose Aloe-Emodin on the Development of Colorectal Tumors in Min Mice}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5587-5592}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aloe-emodin (AE), a natural anthraquinone compound, has been reported to exhibit anticancer activityin various cancer cell lines and anti-inflammatory effects in murine macrophages. In the present study, weinvestigated the cancer chemopreventive effects of AE in an Apc-deficient Min mouse model. In the firstexperiment, male Min mice were fed a basal diet or diets containing 5 ppm AE and 10 ppm AE for 12 weeks.The dietary administration of 5 ppm AE significantly reduced the number of colorectal tumors. In a secondexperiment, we investigated the effects of AE on colitis-related colon carcinogenesis in Min mouse treated withdextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Female Min mice were administered 1% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days.AE was given to mice in their diet at a dose of 5 or 50 ppm for 5 weeks. Feeding with AE significantly reducedthe number of colorectal tumors. When proliferation of cells in normal-appearing colonic mucosa was assessedby monoclonal anti-rat Ki-67 antibody (MIB-5) immunohistochemistry in experiments 1 and 2, the AE treatmentsignificantly decreased the mean MIB-5-labeling index. These results suggest that the dietary administration oflow-dose AE may have chemopreventive effects against development of colorectal tumors in Min mice, possiblyin part by reducing cell proliferation in colorectal mucosa.}, keywords = {aloe-emodin,colorectal tumor,Apc-deficient Min mice}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29464.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29464_527f0f7a83dcf951ec77a0cf4a491da1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Diagnostic Classification Scheme in Iranian Breast Cancer Patients using a Decision Tree}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5593-5596}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The objective of this study was to determine a diagnostic classification scheme using a decisiontree based model. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective case-control study inImam Khomeini hospital in Tehran during 2001 to 2009. Data, including demographic and clinical-pathologicalcharacteristics, were uniformly collected from 624 females, 312 of them were referred with positive diagnosisof breast cancer (cases) and 312 healthy women (controls). The decision tree was implemented to develop adiagnostic classification scheme using CART 6.0 Software. The AUC (area under curve), was measured as theoverall performance of diagnostic classification of the decision tree. Results: Five variables as main risk factorsof breast cancer and six subgroups as high risk were identified. The results indicated that increasing age, lowage at menarche, single and divorced statues, irregular menarche pattern and family history of breast cancer arethe important diagnostic factors in Iranian breast cancer patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the analysiswere 66% and 86.9% respectively. The high AUC (0.82) also showed an excellent classification and diagnosticperformance of the model. Conclusions: Decision tree based model appears to be suitable for identifying riskfactors and high or low risk subgroups. It can also assists clinicians in making a decision, since it can identifyunderlying prognostic relationships and understanding the model is very explicit.}, keywords = {breast cancer,decision tree,risk factor,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29465.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29465_948c4feb9349424f501fce8f831cacc1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinical Study on Safety of Cantharidin Sodium and Shenmai Injection Combined with Chemotherapy in Treating Patients with Breast Cancer Postoperatively}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5597-5600}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: To assess side effects on Cantharidin sodium and Shenmai injection combined with chemotherapyin treating patients with breast cancer postoperatively. Method: Patients with breast cancer receiving postoperativechemotherapy were retrospectively collected, and divided into four groups: group A with cantharidin sodiuminjection combined with chemotherapy; group B with Shenmai injection combined with chemotherapy; groupC with both cantharidin sodium and Shenmai injection combined with chemotherapy; while group D (controlgroup) received chemotherapy alone. All patients were administered docetaxel at a dose of 75 mg /m2 on day 1,epirubicin hydrochloride at a dose of 60 mg /m2 on day 1, and cyclophosphamide at a dose of 500 mg/m2 on day1 for 3 cycles (repeated at 21 day intervals). After ≥ three courses of treatment, quality of life and side effectswere evaluated. Results: There were a total of 78 patients in this study, and the incidence of leukopenia andgastrointestinal reactions in groups A and B were lower than those in the control group and lowest in group C(p<0.05). Conclusions: Thus cantharidin sodium and Shenmai injection combined with chemotherapy reduceside effects and deserve to be further investigated in randomized clinical control trials.}, keywords = {Cantharides sodium injection,Shenmai injection- chemotherapy,breast cancer treatment}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29466.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29466_acef5e36b5db33d70de1fe648ec59c23.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Lectin from Agrocybe aegerita as a Glycophenotype Probe for Evaluation of Progression and Survival in Colorectal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5601-5605}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Agrocybe aegerita Lectin (AAL) has been identified to have high affinity for sulfated and α2-3-linked sialic acid glycoconjugates, especially the sulfated and sialyl TF (Thomsen-Friedenreich) disaccharide. Thisstudy was conducted to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic value of AAL in identifying aberrantglycosylation in colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods: Glycoconjugate expression in 59 CRC tissueswere detected using AAL-histochemistry. Clinicopathological associates of expression were analyzed with chisquaretest or Fisher’s exact test. Relationships between expression and the various clinicopathological parameterswas estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models. Results: AAL specific glycoconjugateexpression was significantly higher in tumor than corresponding normal tissues (66.1% and 46.1%, respectively,p=0.037), correlating with depth of invasion (p=0.015) and TNM stage (p=0.024). Patients with lower expressionlevels had a significantly higher survival rate than those with higher expression (p=0.046 by log rank test andp=0.047 by Breslow test for overall survival; p=0.054 by log rank test and P=0.038 by Breslow test for progressfree survival). A marginally significant association was found between AAL specific glycoconjugate expression andoverall survival by univariate Cox regression analysis (p=0.059). Conclusions: Lower AAL specific glycoconjugateexpression is a significant favorable prognostic factor for overall and progress free survival in CRC. This is thefirst report about the employment of AAL for histochemical analysis of cancer tissues. The binding characteristicsof AAL means it has potential to become a powerful tool for the glycan investigation and clinical application.}, keywords = {Lectin Histochemistry,glycoconjugates,colorectal cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29467.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29467_e7e6cdd1c69358f8ce20e9660c450170.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Teaching Breast Cancer Screening via Text Messages as Part of Continuing Education for Working Nurses: A Case-control Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5607-5609}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Although continuing education is necessary for practicing nurses, it is very difficult to organizetraditional classes because of large numbers of nurses and working shifts. Considering the increasing developmentof mobile electronic learning, we carried out a study to compare effects of the traditional face to face method withmobile learning delivered as text messages by cell phone. Materials and Methods: Sixty female nurses workingin our hospital were randomly divided into class and short message service (SMS) groups. Lessons concerningbreast cancer screening were prepared as 54 messages and sent in 17 days for the SMS group, while the classgroup participated in a class held by a university lecturer of breast and cancer surgery. Pre- and post-testswere undertaken for both groups at the same time; a retention test also was performed one month later. Forstatistical analysis, the paired T test and the independent sample T test were used with SPSS software version16; p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age and mean work experience of participants in class andSMS groups was 35.8±7.2, 9.8±6.7, 35.4±7.3, and 11.5±8.5, respectively. There was a significant increase in meanscore post-tests (compared with pre-tests) in both groups (p<0.05). Although a better improvement in scores ofretention tests was demonstrated in the SMS group, the mean subtraction value of the post- and pretests as wellas retention- and pre-tests showed no significant difference between the 2 groups (p=0.3 and p =0.2, respectively).Conclusions: Our study shows that teaching via SMS may probably replace traditional face to face teaching forcontinuing education in working nurses. Larger studies are suggested to confirm this.}, keywords = {Breast Cancer Screening,education,E-learning,short message service,Nurses}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29468.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29468_f06ae6742380a47f37adce456f89eb47.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Integration of Tobacco Control in Masters of Public Health Curricula of India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5611-5615}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Context: Tobacco is the single largest cause of preventable death among adults globally, as it is in India. Despitethis alarming situation, there is very minimal inclusion of tobacco in formal education systems, including themedical discipline, in India. Aims: The present study analyzed the extent of integration of tobacco control relatedcontent in Masters of Public Health (MPH) curricula of various institutes in India. Materials and Methods: Thiscross-sectional study was conducted during January 2011 to May 2011 in all colleges of the country offering aMPH course. The colleges were enlisted using various internet search engines (Google Scholar, Pubmed, Medline),other published literature and snowball technique. A 50 items semi-structured questionnaire was designed,posted and e-mailed (followed by hard copy) to the Person-In-Charge of the MPH program. Statistical Analysis:Descriptive statistics were used to profile the tobacco control content in respective institutions. All data entryand analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 16) for windows. Results: The duration of the MPH coursewas two years in all institutes and had accreditation with some affiliated body. Tobacco related diseases werecovered under ‘non communicable diseases’ section by every institute. However, a mere 41.4% of institute’s hadfaculty who had received specialized training in tobacco control. More coverage was given to health risks andeffects of smoking as compared to cessation interventions (5 A’s), symptoms of withdrawal and pharmacologicaltreatments. Only 25% of institutes were in process of introducing tobacco courses into their curricula. Lack ofexpertise and administrative barriers were cited as perceived major problems in inclusion of tobacco controlin MPH curricula. Conclusions: It can be concluded that tobacco control is not receiving adequate attention inpublic health curricula in India. There is a need for coordinated efforts in the area of tobacco control so as toreduce morbidity and mortality from tobacco induced diseases.}, keywords = {Tobacco,tobacco control,Curricula,MPH courses,smoking,tobacco related diseases,India}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29469.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29469_d178bc07eb7dc48b711221718a242854.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Analysis of Different Ways of Drainage for Obstructive Jaundice Caused by Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5617-5620}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the prognosis of different ways of drainage for patients with obstructive jaundicecaused by hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: During the period of January 2006- March 2012,percutaneous transhepatic catheter drainage (PTCD)/ percutaneous transhepatic biliary stenting (PTBS) wereperformed for 89 patients. According to percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), external drainagewas selected if the region of obstruction could not be passed by guide wire or a metallic stent was inserted if itcould. External drainage was the first choice if infection was diagnosed before the procedure, and a metallicstent was inserted in one week after the infection was under control. Selection by new infections, the degree ofbilirubin decrease, the change of ALT, the time of recurrence of obstruction, and the survival time of patients asthe parameters was conducted to evaluate the methods of different interventional treatments regarding prognosisof patients with hilar obstruction caused by hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Results: PTCD was conducted in 6 patientsand PTBS in 7 (p<0.05). Reduction of bilirubin levels and ALT levels was obvious after the procedures (p<0.05).The average survival time with PTCD was 161 days and with PTBS was 243 days (p<0.05). Conclusions: Withboth drainage procedures for obstructive jaundice caused by hilar cholangiocarcinoma improvement in liverfunction was obvious. PTBS was found to be better than PTCD for prolonging the patient survival.}, keywords = {cholangiocarcinoma,hilar obstruction,jaundice,Stent,the external drainage,biliary infection}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29470.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29470_77161fd2f5d100e22ff3a630d8813a8d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {N-Acetyltransferase 2 Gene Polymorphisms are Associated with Susceptibility to Cancer: a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5621-5626}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a polymorphic enzyme that plays an important role in the metabolism ofvarious potential carcinogens. In recent years, a number of studies have been carried out to investigate therelationship between the rs1799930 and rs1799931 polymorphism in NAT2 and cancer risk in multiple populationsfor different types of cancer. However, the results were not consistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysisto further explore the relationship between NAT2 polymorphism and the risk of cancer. A total of 21 studiesinvolving 15, 450 subjects for rs1799930 and 13, 011 subjects for rs1799931 were included in this meta-analysis.Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess strength of associations. Wealso evaluated the publication bias and performed a sensitivity analysis. Overall, our results showed an apparentsignificant association between the NAT2 rs1799930 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility in Asians (GAvs. GG: OR=1.22, 95% CI=1.03-1.45; dominant model: OR=1.22, 95% CI=1.03-1.43) and population-basedcontrols (GA vs. GG: OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.01-1.19; dominant model: OR=1.09, 95% CI=1.01-1.18). In contrast,a significant association was observed between the NAT2 rs1799931 G>A polymorphism and decreased cancersusceptibility in overall meta-analysis (AA vs. GG: OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.33-0.93; GA vs. GG: OR=1.00, 95%CI=0.88-1.14; dominant model: OR=0.97, 95% CI=0.86-1.10; recessive model: OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.34-0.94)and the Asian group (AA vs. GG: OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26-0.94; recessive model, OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.27-0.94).We found that the NAT2 rs1799930 may be a risk factor, while the NAT2 rs1799931 polymorphism is associatedwith a decreased risk of cancer and is likely a protective factor against cancer development.}, keywords = {NAT2,Polymorphism,association,cancer susceptibility,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29471.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29471_7f315467efec8efe6eaf8fa284c86906.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Oral Cancer: Knowledge, Practices and Opinions of Dentists in Yemen}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5627-5631}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Oral cancer presents with high mortality rates, and the likelihood of survival is remarkablysuperior when detected early. Dental professionals have an important role and responsibility in prevention andearly detection of oral cancer. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, practices and opinionsregarding oral cancer among dentists in Yemen. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conductedusing a self-administered questionnaire involving private and public dental practitioners, working in differentgovernorates in Yemen. Results: Of the 800 dentists surveyed, a total of 221 questionnaires were completed andreturned (response rate 27.6%). A vast majority of dentists (96.38%) identified tobacco as the major risk factorfor oral cancer, and 82.8% knew that squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form. While 47.1% of thedentists agreed that they were adequately trained in oral cancer screening, the majority (86%) believed that theyneed further training in oral cancer screening. Conclusions: These results suggest that additional training andcontinuing educational programs on prevention and early detection of oral cancer for dentists are to be highlyrecommended.}, keywords = {oral cancer,dentists,Knowledge,practices,Yemen}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29472.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29472_b90ec33e92f77781ae21da19b658683c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Assessment of Midwifery Student Preparation for Performing the Role of Breast Cancer Educator}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5633-5638}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: Our research project aimed at presenting midwifery student self-assessment of performing therole of breast cancer prevention educator. Materials and Methods: Investigations were carried out in 2011 atthe Medical University of Lublin in Poland, and Katolieke Hogeschool of Kortrijk in Belgium, after obtainingapproval of the ethical committee of Polish Midwives Association (III/EC/2011/PMA). The project involved atotal of 155 midwifery students, made up of 95 from Poland, and 60 from Belgium. Relations between opposingcharacteristics were tested with Chi-square (x2) test for independent traits. To assess the dependence relationbetween the examined variables Pearson’s corrected coefficient was used. Data base and statistics were carriedout with computer software STATISTICA 9.0 (StatSoftPoland). Conclusions: Student knowledge on preventionagainst breast cancer was unsatisfactory.The students place of residence determined their self-estimation ofpersonal knowledge of breast cancer prevention and diagnosing methods to assess the incidence of the disease,this knowledge being better with the students of Lublin. Better self-estimation in the students of Lublin of theirpersonal knowledge on factors rising the risk of breast cancer, such as alimentation method, application of oralcontraceptives and breast feeding was found than in Belgian students.}, keywords = {education,Breast cancer prevention,midwifery students,Poland,Belgium}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29473.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29473_eb9a678cf03c0f509381976b4c7664c5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effects of Doctor-patient Communication on Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Patients in Southern China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5639-5644}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: This study aimed to determine effects of doctor-patient communication on the quality of lifeamong breast cancer survivors in 16 communities in southern China. Methods: Multistage random sampling wasto use to recruit 260 females from the Guangzhou Cancer Registry Database who were diagnosed with breastcancer. A questionnaire provided data on the doctor-patient communication (including the doctor’s attitude, thepatient’s participation with the medical decision and information about the disease) and QOL (quality of life),as measured using FACT-B. Univariate analysis, non-conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate theassociations between the doctor-patient communication and QOL. Results: Females who received good attitudesfrom doctors demonstrated higher FACT-B (OR=4.65, 95% CI: 1.68-12.86), social well-being (OR=5.88, 95%CI: 2.16-16.05), emotional well-being (OR=4.77, 95% CI: 1.92-11.88), and functional well-being ((OR=5.26,95% CI: 1.90-14.52) compared to the females who encountered worse attitudes from their doctor, adjusting forage, education, marriage, employment, family income, years since diagnosis, TNM stage, radiation therapy,chemotherapy and side effects, particularly when the TNM stage was 0-II and the patients exhibited no sideeffects. Regardless of the length of time after diagnosis, doctors’ good attitudes resulted in higher QOL scores.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the doctor-patient communication has a significant association withthe QOL of breast cancer survivors, mainly dependent on the doctors’ attitude. Effective intervention is requiredto develop optimal doctor-patient communication.}, keywords = {Doctor-patient communication,FACT-B,breast cancer,Quality of Life,community}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29474.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29474_bc4fc0e9753569988ede2359317b72a4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association of Cyclin D1 Variants with Head and Neck Cancer Susceptibility: Evidence from a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5645-5651}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Whether cyclin D1 (CCND1) gene variants increase susceptibility to head and neck cancer (HNC) isundetermined. Therefore, we performed the present meta-analysis to systematically assess any possibleassociation between CCND1 variants (G870A and G1722C) and HNC risk. Seventeen studies for CCND1 G870Aand three studies for CCND1 G1722C were included. Overall, CCND1 polymorphisms (G870A and G1722C)had no association with increased HNC risk (p>0.05). In the subgroup analysis by smoking status, significantlyincreased HNC risk was found among smokers under allele contrast, homozygous comparison and recessivemodels (p<0.05), smoking carriers of A allele and AA genotype appearing at elevated risk. In conclusion, whilethere was overall a lack of any association between CCND1 polymorphisms (G870A and G1722C) and HNCrisk, smokers carrying the A allele and AA genotype of the CCND1 G870A polymorphism may be susceptibleto HNC development.}, keywords = {Cyclin D1,variant,Polymorphism,Meta-analysis,head and neck cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29475.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29475_69e2de581f02b30d7cf36d789d4cd40a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Treatment Interruption During Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy of Uterine Cervical Cancer; Analysis of Factors and Outcomes}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5653-5657}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: To evaluate factors which effect treatment interruption during concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT) and overall survival in patients with uterine cervical cancer stage IB2-IVA in Srinagarind Hospital.Materials and Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2007, 107 patients with stage IB2-IVA as FIGOstaging, 2000, were treated with CCRT in Srinagarind Hospital. Factors which caused treatment interruptionsand impacted on overall survival were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Twenty of 107 patients had treatmentinterruption during CCRT in patients with uterine cervical cancer stage IB2-IVA in Srinagarind Hospital. Thecauses of treatment interruption were as follows: hematologic toxicity was found in 16 of 20 cases, 12 cases withgrade 2 and 4 cases with grade 3; three of 20 cases had gastrointestinal toxicities, 1 case with grade 2 and 2cases with grade 3; one case had grade 3 skin toxicity. The mean total treatment time of the uninterrupted andinterrupted groups were significantly different (78.98 days vs 161.80 days, p <0.001). The patients who couldtolerate≥5 cycles of cisplatin administration had significantly higher mean white blood counts (WBC) (9,769 cells/mm3 vs 7,141 cells/mm3, p=0.02). The mean initial hemoglobin (Hb) in the uninterrupted group was significantlyhigher than the interrupted group (11.5 mg% vs 10.3 mg%, p=0.03). Other factors including age, KPS, initialplatelets, initial serum creatinine levels showed no statistical significance. The 3-year overall survival of theuninterrupted group was better than in the interrupted group (78.6% vs 55.0%, p=0.03). Conclusions: Theinitial Hb and WBC levels were significantly correlated with treatment interruption during CCRT in patientswith uterine cervical cancer. The 3-year overall survival of the uninterrupted group was significantly better thaninterrupted group. These factors may then be used indirectly to predict the outcomes of treatment.}, keywords = {Treatment interruption,Uterine cervical cancer,concurrent chemoradiotherapy,factors,Outcomes}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29476.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29476_91a0ab0b248d3ac0574a1eeed8ba4c38.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Antioxidant value and Antiproliferative Efficacy of Mitragynine and a Silane Reduced Analogue}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5659-5665}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: To investigate the antioxidant value and anticancer functions of mitragynine (MTG) and itssilane-reduced analogues (SRM) in vitro. Materials and Methods: MTG and SRM was analyzed for their reducingpower ability, ABTS radical inhibition and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazylfree radicals scavenging activities.Furthermore, the antiproliferation efficacy was evaluated using MTT assay on K 562 and HCT116 cancer cell linesversus NIH/3T3 and CCD18-Co normal cell lines respectively. Results: SRM and MTG demonstrate moderateantioxidant value with ABTS assay (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC): 2.25±0.02 mmol trolox / mmoland 1.96±0.04 mmol trolox / mmol respectively) and DPPH (IC50=3.75±0.04 mg/mL and IC50=2.28±0.02 mg/mLrespectively). Both MTG and SRM demonstrate equal potency (IC50=25.20±1.53 and IC50= 22.19±1.06 respectively)towards K 562 cell lines, comparable to control, betulinic acid (BA) (IC5024.40±1.26). Both compounds showedconcentration-dependent cytototoxicity effects and exert profound antiproliferative efficacy at concentration >100 μM towards HCT 116 and K 562 cancer cell lines, comparable to those of BA and 5-FU (5-Fluorouracil).Furthermore, both MTG and SRM exhibit high selectivity towards HCT 116 cell lines with selective indexes of3.14 and 2.93 respectively compared to 5-FU (SI=0.60). Conclusions: These findings revealed that the medicinaland nutitional values of mitragynine obtained from ketum leaves that growth in tropical forest of Southeast Asiaand its analogues does not limited to analgesic properties but could be promising antioxidant and anticancer orchemopreventive compounds.}, keywords = {Mitragynine related analogues,antioxidant value,antiproliferative efficacy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29477.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29477_0d38f653f628963ecc88289eaf8e9dbe.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Down-regulation of FRα Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis of Cervical Cancer Cells in Vitro}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5667-5672}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Folate receptor alpha (FRα ) mediates folate uptake by endocytosis, and while folate is essential to DNAmethylation and synthesis and may have an important role in proliferating cells. FRα is known to be expressedin rapidly proliferating cells, including many cancer cell lines, but there has been no systematic assessmentof expression in cervical cancer cell lines. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of FRα onproliferation and apoptosis of cervical cells and correlation mechanism. In this study, we investigated the biologicalfunction of FRα in Hela cells using RNA interference. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK8) assay, while cell cycling and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry, mRNA levels by real time-PCR and protein levels of FRα, c-Fos and c-Jun by Western blotting. The results revealed that FRα was highlyexpressed in Hela cells and its silencing with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited cell proliferation andinduced cell apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle in G0/G1 stages while decreasing the proportion in S and G2/Mstages, and suppressed the expression levels of c-Fos and c-Jun. In conclusion, the results of this study indicatedthat FRα down-regulation might be capable of suppressing cervical cancer cell proliferation and promotingapoptosis. It suggested that FRα might be a novel therapeutic target for cervical cancer.}, keywords = {Folate receptor alpha,Proliferation,Cell cycle,Apoptosis,c-Fos,c-Jun}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29478.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29478_163f56eaf9411a523a0d2bab7dda706b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Four Polymorphisms in the Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) Gene and Lung Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5673-5679}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Previous published data on the association between CYP1A2 rs762551, rs2069514, rs2069526,and rs2470890 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk have not allowed a definite conclusion. The present metaanalysisof the literature was performed to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. Materials andMethods: 8 publications covering 23 studies were selected for this meta-analysis, including 1,665 cases and 2,383controls for CYP1A2 rs762551 (from 8 studies), 1,456 cases and 1,792 controls for CYP1A2 rs2069514 (from 7studies), 657 cases and 984 controls for CYP1A2 rs2069526 (from 5 studies) and 691 cases and 968 controls forCYP1A2 rs2470890 (from 3 studies). Results: When all the eligible studies were pooled into the meta-analysisfor the CYP1A2 rs762551 polymorphism, significantly increased lung cancer risk was observed in the dominantmodel (OR=1.21, 95 % CI=1.00-1.46). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risk of lungcancer was observed in Caucasians (dominant model: OR=1.29, 95%CI=1.11-1.51; recessive model: OR=1.33,95%CI=1.01-1.75; additive model: OR=1.49, 95%CI=1.12-1.98). There was no evidence of significant associationbetween lung cancer risk and CYP1A2 rs2069514, s2470890, and rs2069526 polymorphisms. Conclusions: Insummary, this meta-analysis indicates that the CYP1A2 rs762551 polymorphism is linked to an increased lungcancer risk in Caucasians. Moreover, our work also points out the importance of new studies for rs2069514associations in lung cancer, where at least some of the covariates responsible for heterogeneity could be controlled,to obtain a more conclusive understanding about the function of the rs2069514 polymorphism in lung cancerdevelopment.}, keywords = {CYP1A2,Polymorphism,Lung cancer,Susceptibility,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29479.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29479_0ea5894bf6391be75206d00e134c3d56.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {A Model Approach to Calculate Cancer Prevalence from 5 Years Survival Data for Selected Cancer Sites in India – Part II}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5681-5684}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: Prevalence is a statistic of primary interest in public health. In the absence of good follow-upfacilities, it is often difficult to assess the complete prevalence of cancer for a given registry area. An attemptis made to arrive at the complete prevalence including limited duration prevalence with respect of selectedsites of cancer for India by fitting appropriate models to 1, 3 and 5 year cancer survival data available forselected registries of India. Methodology: Cancer survival data, available for the registries of Bhopal, Chennai,Karunagappally, and Mumbai was pooled to generate survival for the selected cancer sites. With the availabledata on survival for 1, 3 and 5 years, a model was fitted and the survival curve was extended beyond 5 years (upto 30 years) for each of the selected sites. This helped in generation of survival proportions by single year andthereby survival of cancer cases. With the help of estimated survived cases available year wise and the incidence,the prevalence figures were arrived for selected cancer sites and for selected periods. In our previous paper, wehave dealt with the cancer sites of breast, cervix, ovary, lung, stomach and mouth (Takiar and Jayant, 2013).Results: The prevalence to incidence ratio (PI ratio) was calculated for 30 years duration for all the selectedcancer sites using the model approach showing that from the knowledge of incidence and P/I ratio, the prevalencecan be calculated. The validity of the approach was shown in our previous paper (Takiar and Jayant, 2013). TheP/I ratios for the cancer sites of lip, tongue, oral cavity, hypopharynx, oesophagus, larynx, nhl, colon, prostate,lymphoid leukemia, myeloid leukemia were observed to be 10.26, 4.15, 5.89, 2.81, 1.87, 5.43, 5.48, 5.24, 4.61,3.42 and 2.65, respectively. Conclusion: Cancer prevalence can be readily estimated with use of survival andincidence data.}, keywords = {survival,Model,Prevalence,oral cavity,Larynx,NHL,Colon,prostate,Leukemia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29480.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29480_0150c3cdcdadee85c5ceb024eeb8b522.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association between Cigarette Smoking History and Mortality in 36,446 Health Examinees in Korea}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5685-5689}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: It is well known that smoking is a preventable factor for all-cause mortality; however, it isstill questionable how many years after smoking cessation that people will have reduced risk for mortality, inparticular in those with a high interest in their own health. We aimed to examine the association between time sincequitting smoking and total mortality among past-smokers relative to current smokers. Materials and Methods:We enrolled 36,446 health examinees that voluntarily taken with diverse health check-up packages of high costburden in 1995-2003 and followed them till death by 2004. The history of cigarette smoking consumption wascollected using a self-administrative questionnaire at the first visit time. Mortality risk by smoking cessationyears was analyzed using Cox’s proportional hazard model. Results: Compared to non-smokers, male smokersover 15 pack-years had higher risk for total mortality (HR=1.49, 95%CI 1.02-2.18). The mortality risk in femalesmokers with same pack-years was more pronounced than that in male smokers (HR=2.83, 95%CI 1.17-7.04)despite a small number of cases. Compared to current smokers, a decrease of total mortality was observed amongthose who ceased smoking, and inverse dose-response was found with years after cessation: RR 0.98 (95%CI,0.64-1.41) (<2 yrs), 0.60 (95%CI, 0.43-0.83) (3-9 yrs), and 0.58 (95%CI, 0.43-0.79) (≥10 yrs). Conclusions: Areduced risk of total mortality was observed after 3 years of smoking cessation. Our findings suggest that atleast 3 years of smoking cessation may contribute to reduce premature mortality among Asian men.}, keywords = {smoking,smoking cessation,mortality,preventive health services,Early Detection of Cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29481.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29481_5e214ffaf6fba84122ca7b40713bca31.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Efficacy and Safety of Sorafenib for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: a Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5691-5696}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Many clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate sorafenib for the treatment of advancedNSCLC, but the results for efficacy have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacyand safety of sorafenib in patients with advanced NSCLC in more detail by meta-analysis. Methods: Thismeta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed after searching PubMed, EMBASE,ASCO Abstracts, ESMO Abstracts, and the proceedings of major conferences for relevant clinical trials. Tworeviewers independently assessed the quality of the trials. Outcomes analysis were disease control rate (DCR),progression- free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and major toxicity.Subgroup analysis was conducted according to sorafenib monotherapy, in combination with chemotherapy orEGFR-TKI to investigate the preferred therapy strategy. Results: Results reported from 6 RCTs involving 2, 748patients were included in the analysis. Compared to sorafenib-free group, SBT was not associated with higherDCR (RR 1.31 (0.96- 1.79), p=0.09), PFS (HR 0.82 (0.66-1.02), p=0.07) and OS (HR 1.01 (0.92-1.12), p=0.77). Interms of subgroup results, sorafenib monotherapy was associated with significant superior DCR and longer PFS,but failed to show advantage with regard to OS. Grade 3 or greater sorafenib-related adverse events includedfatigue, hypertension, diarrhea, oral mucositis, rash and HFSR. Conclusions: SBT was revealed to yield noimprovement in DCR, PFS and OS. However, sorafenib as monotherapy showed some activity in NSCLC. Furtherevaluation may be considered in subsets of patients who may benefit from this treatment. Sorafenib combinedinhibition therapy should be limited unless the choice of platinum-doublet regimen, administration sequenceor identification of predictive biomarkers are considered to receive better anti-tumor activity and prevention ofresistance mechanisms.}, keywords = {sorafenib,non-small cell lung cancer,Meta-analysis,RCTs}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29482.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29482_9523edda16e4f5dc75491aafb66f87d2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Optimal Timing of Radiotherapy with Alternating/Sequential Radio-Chemotherapy for Limited-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5697-5699}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate the optimal timing of radiotherapy with alternating/sequential radio-chemotherapyfor limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). Methods: 91 patients with LS-SCLC were retrospectivelyanalyzed and divided into two groups according to the number of chemotherapy cycles before radiotherapy.If the patient received radiotherapy after 3 cycles or fewer cycles of chemotherapy, classification was into theearly group, if not, into the late group. All patients received 6 cycles of standard chemotherapy (EP/EC) andconventional radiotherapy (56 gy~ 60 gy/28 f ~30 f). Results: The response rate (RR) of the early and late groupswere 85.7% and 81.6%, respectively, with no significant difference (p>0.05). In contrast, the progression-freesurvival (PFS) in the early group was better than that in the late group (11.8 months vs 9.86 months), and thedifference was significant (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups in adverse reactions,which gastrointestinal irritation and bone marrow suppression being the most common (p>0.05). Conclusions:Radiotherapy after 3 cycles or fewer cycles of chemotherapy does not bring significant benefits for RR of patientswith LS-SCLC, but it could significantly prolong their PFS without increase in adverse reactions.}, keywords = {Carcinoma,small cell lung cancer,Chemotherapy,radiotherapy,timing}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29483.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29483_1fd33ca9efb3f6c43bf872d5ac6ea6ab.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Histopathological Diversity in Parotidectomy Materials in Turkish Population: Clinicopathologic Analysis and Demographic Features of 136 Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5701-5707}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Salivary gland tumours, which account for approximately 3% of head-neck cancers, are aheterogeneous group and thus it is difficult to identify their epidemiological characteristics. The aim of this studyis to determine demographic features and histopathologic distribution of parotid neoplasms in a large sample fromTurkey. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively on 136 parotidectomy materials fromoperations between May 2009-May 2013. Age, gender, tumor diameter, histopathological diagnosis and surgicalmargin status were recorded. Results: The benign cases were 112 (82.4%), while the malignancies were 24 (17.6%).The accuracy rate of FNAC was 91%. There were 46 (33.8%) male and 90 (66.2%) female patients. Female/male ratio (M/F=0.5) was two, the Warthin (WT) tumor being more apparent in males (p<0.05). Pleomorphicadenoma (PA) was detected most frequently among benign pathologies at 61.6% (69/112), while the WarthinTumor (WT) was detected as the second most frequent tumor at 20.5% (23/112). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC) and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca ex PA) were detected at equal frequency at 20.8% (5/24)among malign tumors. These were followed by acinic cell carcinoma at 16.7% (4/24). While the surgical marginwas positive in ten patients with malignant tumors (41.7%), all of the benign tumors were negative (p<0.01).No significant difference was detected in the age-gender of patients, tumor size and distribution of sites amongbenign and malignant groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequently reportedbenign tumor almost in all global literature. Yet, the distribution of malignant tumors displays geographicaldifferences. Based on these data, we believe that our findings will provide a significant contribution to futureepidemiological studies. We think that it will be beneficial to generate awareness on parotid tumors and ensurea fight against smoking as with all head-neck cancers.}, keywords = {Salivary Gland,parotid,Tumors,Epidemiology,Turkısh population}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29484.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29484_5d0fe8067c9e47f7629de48c38a783f7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Relation of Alcohol/Tobacco use with Metastasis, Hormonal (Estrogen and Progesterone) Receptor Status and c-erbB2 Protein in Mammary Ductal Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5709-5714}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: An association between alcohol/tobacco use and risk of metastasis in breast cancer has beenclearly shown. Materials and Methods: The present study explored, in 48 samples of tissue from mammaryductal carcinoma (taken from Mexican women with an average age of 58.2±10.9 years), the association of riskof metastasis with the status of hormonal receptors and the c-erbB2 protein (by immunohistochemistry) as wellas clinical, histopathological and sociodemographic factors. Results: Of 48 patients, 41.6% (20/48) presentedwith metastasis, 43.8% were positive for the estrogen receptor (RE+), 31.3% for the progesterone receptor(RP+) and 47.7% for c-erbB2 (c-erbB2+). The following combinations were found: RE+/RP+/c-erbB2+ 8.3%,RE+/RP+ 22.9%, RE+/RP- 20.8%, RE-/RP+ 8.3%, RE-/RP-/c-erbB2- 22.9% and RE-/RP- 47.8%. There were12 patients who used alcohol/tobacco, of which 91.6% did not present metastasis and 81.9% were RE-/RP-.Compared to the RE-/RP-/c-erbB2+, the RE+/RP+/c-erbB2+ group had a 15-fold greater risk for metastasis(95%CI, 0.9-228.8, p=0.05). The carriers of the double negative hormonal receptors had a 4.7 fold greaterprobability of being (or having been) smokers or drinkers (95%CI, 1.0-20.4, p = 0.03). Conclusions: There wasa clear protective effect of using alcohol and/or tobacco, in the cases included in the present study of mammaryductal carcinoma, associated with double negative hormonal receptors. However, this association could be dueto a protective factor not measured (Neyman bias) or to a bias inherent in the rate of hospitalization (Berksonfallacy). This question should be explored in a broad prospective longitudinal study.}, keywords = {breast cancer,alcoholism,tobacco use,hormonal receptors,Metastasis,Her/neu}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29485.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29485_08e9368cc0fa3b07002dd9f3fc217b6f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Ebb-and-Flow of Macroautophagy and Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Raji Cells Induced by Starvation and Arsenic Trioxide}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5715-5719}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Autophagy is crucial in the maintenance of homeostasis and regenerated energy of mammalian cells.Macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy(CMA) are the two best-identified pathways. Recentresearch has found that in normal cells, decline of macroautophagy is appropriately parallel with activationof CMA. However, whether it is also true in cancer cells has been poorly studied. Here we focused on crosstalkand conversion between macroautophagy and CMA in cultured Burkitt lymphoma Raji cells whenfacing serum deprivation and exposure to a toxic compound, arsenic trioxide. The results showed that bothmacroautophagy and CMA were activated sequentially instead of simultaneously in starvation-induced Raji cells,and macroautophagy was quickly activated and peaked during the first hours of nutrition deprivation, and thengradually decreased to near baseline. With nutrient deprivation persisted, CMA progressively increased alongwith the decline of macroautophagy. On the other hand, in arsenic trioxide-treated Raji cells, macroautophagyactivity was also significantly increased, but CMA activity was not rapidly enhanced until macroautophagy wasinhibited by 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor. Together, we conclude that cancer cells exhibit differential responsesto diverse stressor-induced damage by autophagy. The sequential switch of the first-aider macroautophagyto the homeostasis-stabilizer CMA, whether active or passive, might be conducive to the adaption of cancercells to miscellaneous intracellular or extracellular stressors. These findings must be helpful to understand thecharacteristics, compensatory mechanisms and answer modes of different autophagic pathways in cancer cells,which might be very important and promising to the development of potential targeting interventions for cancertherapies via regulation of autophagic pathways.}, keywords = {Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA),macroautophagy,Arsenic trioxide,serum deprivation,Raji cells}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29486.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29486_5b921ef3059c5434a180bb58805842e7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prognostic Evaluation of Categorical Platelet-based Indices Using Clustering Methods Based on the Monte Carlo Comparison for Hepatocellular Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5721-5727}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: To evaluate the performance of clustering methods used in the prognostic assessment of categoricalclinical data for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in China, and establish a predictable prognosticnomogram for clinical decisions. Materials and Methods: A total of 332 newly diagnosed HCC patients treatedwith hepatic resection during 2006-2009 were enrolled. Patients were regularly followed up at outpatient clinics.Clustering methods including the Average linkage, k-modes, fuzzy k-modes, PAM, CLARA, protocluster, andROCK were compared by Monte Carlo simulation, and the optimal method was applied to investigate theclustering pattern of the indices including platelet count, platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and serum aspartateaminotransferase activity/platelet count ratio index (APRI). Then the clustering variable, age group, tumor size,number of tumor and vascular invasion were studied in a multivariable Cox regression model. A prognosticnomogram was constructed for clinical decisions. Results: The ROCK was best in both the overlapping and nonoverlappingcases performed to assess the prognostic value of platelet-based indices. Patients with categoricalplatelet-based indices significantly split across two clusters, and those with high values, had a high risk of HCCrecurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42, 95% CI 1.09-1.86; p<0·01). Tumor size, number of tumor and blood vesselinvasion were also associated with high risk of HCC recurrence (all p<0·01). The nomogram well predicted HCCpatient survival at 3 and 5 years. Conclusions: A cluster of platelet-based indices combined with other clinicalcovariates could be used for prognosis evaluation in HCC.}, keywords = {clustering method,Categorical data,Hepatocellular carcinoma,Monte Carlo,prognostic}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29487.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29487_fea2ec931d77035d7e73f0000ab4b68d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging versus Clinical Staging in Cervical Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5729-5732}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common gynecological cancer and a widespread malignancy inwomen, accounting for a large proportion of the cancer burden in developing countries. We compared accuracyof MRI staging with clinical staging and also concordance between the two methods for newly diagnosed patientswith cervical cancer, using clinical staging as the reference. Materials and Methods: This prospective study wasconducted on 27 newly diagnosed patients with cervical cancer from Imam Khomeini hospital from June 2012to Feb 2014. New cases of cervical cancer with positive PAP test were staged separately with a clinical exambased on the FIGO system by a gynecologist, oncologist and also with MRI by an expert radiologist. Then wecompared the predicted stage for each patient with the two methods. Results: Based on clinical staging 9 patients(33%) were observed at stage 1. MRI staging was in coordination with clinical staging in eight of them and forone patient MRI accorded stage 2B (88% concordance). Conclusions: MRI is a reliable noninvasive methodwith high accuracy for cervical cancer staging. Also presently it is easily obtainable, so we recommend using thistechnique along with clinical examination for staging cervical cancer patients. We also recommend to radiologistsand residents of radiology to get experience with this method of staging.}, keywords = {MRI staging,clinical staging,cervical cancer,Diagnostic accuracy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29488.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29488_cdf721d17ca1c9878e182dc3a7e01fc3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effect of Beta Glucan on White Blood Cell Counts and Serum Levels of IL-4 and IL-12 in Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5733-5739}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy in the world. Beta glucan can be ahematopoietic and an immune modulator agent in cancer patients. The aim of this trial was to determine theeffect of beta glucan on white blood cell counts and serum levels of IL-4 and IL-12 in women with breast cancerundergoing chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinicaltrial was conducted on 30 women with breast carcinoma aged 28-65 years. The eligible participants wererandomly assigned to intervention (n=15) or placebo (n=15) groups using a block randomization procedurewith matching based on age, course of chemotherapy and menopause status. Patients in the intervention groupreceived two 10-mg capsules of soluble 1-3, 1-6, D-beta glucan daily and the control group receiving placeboduring 21 days, the interval between two courses of chemotherapy. White blood cells, neuthrophil, lymphocyteand monocyte counts as well as serum levels of IL-4 and IL-12 were measured at baseline and at the end of thestudy as primary outcomes of the study. Results: In both groups white blood cell counts decreased after 21 daysof the intervention, however in the beta glucan group, WBC was less decreased non significantly than the placebogroup. At the end of the study, the change in the serum level of IL-4 in the beta glucan group in comparisonwith the placebo group was statistically significant (p=0.001). The serum level of IL-12 in the beta glucan groupstatistically increased (p=0.03) and comparison between two groups at the end of the study was significant afteradjusting for baseline values and covariates (p=0.007). Conclusions: The findings suggest that beta glucan canbe useful as a complementary or adjuvant therapy and immunomodulary agent in}, keywords = {beta glucan,white blood cell,IL-4,IL-12,breast cancer,Chemotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29489.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29489_e5acef5144fb06e22998215fa5dc8282.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression and Underlying Roles of IGFBP-3 in Paclitaxel-Treated Gastric Cancer Sgc-7901 Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5741-5745}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: To study the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in paclitaxel-treatedgastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, and to further investigate underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Realtime PCR and Western blot assays were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression of IGFBP-2, -3 and-5 after paclitaxel (10 nM) treatment of SGC-7901 cells. In addition IGFBP-3 expression was silenced by RNAinterference to determine effects. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cell cycling and apoptosis wereassessed by flow cytometry. Results: Compared to the control group, only IGFBP-3 expression was elevatedsignificantly after paclitaxel (10 nM) treatment (p<0.05). Paclitaxel treatment caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosisvia downregulating Bcl-2 expression. However, the effect could be abrogated by IGFBP-3 silencing. Conclusions:IGFBP-3 exhibits anti-apoptotic effects on paclitaxel-treated SGC-7901 cells via elevating Bcl-2 expression.}, keywords = {IGFBPs,Paclitaxel,Gastric cancer,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29490.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29490_7e807b09dce31fc3bedf72b920a34525.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Suppression of Human Breast Cancer Cell Metastasis by Coptisine in Vitro}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5747-5751}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Coptisine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Coptidis rhizoma, has many biologicalactivities such as antidiabetic, antimicrobial and antiviral actions. However, whether coptisine exerts anti-cancermetastasis effects remains unknown. Materials and Methods: Effects of coptisine on highly metastatic humanbreast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 proliferation were evaluated by trypan blue assay and on cell adhesion, migrationand invasion by gelatin adhesion, wound-healing and matrigel invasion chamber assays, respectively. Expressionof two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-9, MMP-2 and their specific inhibitors tissue inhibitor ofmetalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) were analyzed by RT-PCR.Results: Coptisine obviously inhibited adhesion to an ECM-coated substrate, wound healing migration, andinvasion through the matrigel in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. RT-PCR revealed that coptisine reduced theexpression of the ECM degradation-associated gene MMP-9 at the mRNA level, and the expression of TIMP-1was up-regulated in MDA-MB-231 cells, while the expression of MMP-2 and its specific inhibitor TIMP-2 wasnot affected. Conclusions: Taken together, our data showed that coptisine suppressed adhesion, migration andinvasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in vitro, the down-regulation of MMP-9 in combination with theincrease of TIMP-1 possibly contributing to the anti-metastatic function. Coptisine might be a potential drugcandidate for breast cancer therapy.}, keywords = {Coptisine,migration,Invasion,breast cancer,MMP-9,TIMP-1}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29491.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29491_ca7a9f85f5d071f3ebbf27aca7cc7804.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Lack of any Prognostic Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5753-5757}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The purpose of this study is to determine whether the IGF1R expression has a prognostic role innon-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Forty-seven patients histopathologically diagnosed with smallcell lung cancer upon bronchoscopic biopsy or resection materials were included in the study. IGF1R expressionwas examined via immunohistochemical methods. In samples, >10% staining were assessed as positive and ≤10%as negative. Information about demographic datas and treatments was obtained by retrospective searches ofpatient files. Results: IGF1R expression was determined as positive in 38 (80.9%) and as negative in 9 (19.1%)patients. There was no significant relation between IGF1R expression and histological sub-type, local invasion,lymph node and metastasis status (p=0.842, p=0.437, 0.064, 0.447, respectively). There was also no correlationwith IGF1R expression and survival (p=0.141). Conclusions: There are conflicting results between IGF1R andits prognostic effects in the various studies. It has been claimed in some studies it is not related to prognosis asin our study, and in some studies it has been claimed that it is a good prognostic factor whereas in some studiesit has been claimed as being a factor for worse prognosis. We think that IGF1R expression in non-small cell lungcarcinoma patients deserves further analysis, because of its potential prognostic and predictive roles.}, keywords = {IGF1R,insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor,Lung cancer,Prognosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29492.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29492_30769e6daeb73f2132593fc650b50d25.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Validation of Electrical Impedance Tomography Qualitative and Quantitative Values and Comparison of the Numeric Pain Distress Score against Mammography}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5759-5765}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a potential supplement for mammogram screening. This studyaimed to evaluate and feasibility of EIT as opposed to mammography and to determine pain perception withboth imaging methods. Women undergoing screening mammography at the Radiology Department of NationalUniversity of Malaysia Medical Centre were randomly selected for EIT imaging. All women were requested togive a pain score after each imaging session. Two independent raters were chosen to define the image findings ofEIT. A total of 164 women in the age range from 40 to 65-year-old participated and were divided into two groups;normal and abnormal. EIT sensitivity and specificity for rater 1 were 69.4% and 63.3, whereas for rater 2 theywere 55.3% and 57.0% respectively. The reliability for each rater ranged between good to very good (p<0.05).Quantitative values of EIT showed there were significant differences in all values between groups (ANCOVA,p<0.05). Interestingly, EIT scored a median pain score of 1.51±0.75 whereas mammography scored 4.15±0.87(Mann Whitney U test, p<0.05). From these quantitative values, EIT has the potential as a health discriminatingindex. Its ability to replace image findings from mammography needs further investigation.}, keywords = {breast screening,EIT,Validation,pain score,mammography,Comparison}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29493.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29493_a49cea52aa44c815de4bdbbaa70a3a3f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {IL-12 Regulates B7-H1 Expression in Ovarian Cancerassociated Macrophages by Effects on NF-κB Signalling}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5767-5772}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Aim: B7-H1, a co-inhibitory molecule of the B7 family, is found aberrantly expressed inovarian cancer cells and infiltrating macrophage/dendritic-like cells, and plays a critical role in immune evasionby ovarian cancer. IL-12, an inducer of Th1 cell development, exerts immunomodulatory effects on ovariancancer. However, whether IL-12 regulates B7-H1 expression in human ovarian cancer associated-macrophageshas not been clarified. Therefore, we investigated the effects of IL-12 on the expression of B7-H1 in ovariancancer-associated macrophages and possible mechanisms. Methods: PMA induced THP-1-derived macrophagesor human monocyte-derived macrophages were treated with recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) or infected withadenovirus carrying human IL-12 gene (Ad-IL-12-GFP) for 24 h, then cocultured with the SKOV3 ovariancancer cell line for another 24 h. Macrophages were collected for real-time PCR and Western blot to detect theexpression of B7-H1, and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, supernatants were collected toassay for IL-12, IFN-γ and IL-10 by ELISA. In addition, monocyte-derived macrophages treated with IFN-γ werecocultured with SKOV3 and determined for the expression of B7-H1. Furthermore, the expression of B7-H1 inmonocyte-derived macrophages was also evaluated after blocking NF-κB signaling. Results: The expression ofB7-H1 was significantly upregulated in monocyte-derived macrophages treated with rIL-12 or Ad-IL-12-GFPcompared with the control groups (p<0.05), accompanied by a remarkable upregulation of IFN-γ (p<0.05), amarked downregulation of IL-10 (p<0.05) and activation of NF-κB signaling. However, the upregulation of B7-H1 was inhibited by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway (p<0.05). Expression of B7-H1 was also increased(p<0.05) in monocyte-derived macrophages treated with IFN-γ and cocultured with SKOV3. By contrast, theexpression of B7-H1 in THP-1-derived macrophages was significantly decreased when treated in the same wayas monocyte-derived macrophages (p<0.05), and IL-10 was also significantly decreased but IFN-γ was almostabsent. Conclusions: IL-12 upregulates the expression of B7-H1 in monocyte-derived macrophages, which ispossible though inducing the secretion of IFN-γ and further activating the NF-κB signal pathway. However,IL-12 downregulates the expression of B7-H1 in THP-1-derived macrophages, associated with a lack of IFN-γand inhibition of expression of IL-10.}, keywords = {Ovarian Cancer,B7-H1,IL-12,IFN-γ,NF-κB signaling pathway}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29494.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29494_832b898964d7fdf8b572d01db5280dca.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection, Cervical Cancer, and HPV Vaccine and its Correlates among Medical Students in Southwest China: a Multi-center Cross-sectional Survey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5773-5779}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Since cervical cancer can be prevented and controlled through human papillomavirus (HPV)vaccination, it is important to train health care providers and provide them with appropriate knowledge.This study aimed to understand the level of HPV related knowledge among medical students and correlatesin Southwest China in order to address any potential gap in their knowledge base. Methods: We conducted across-sectional survey among medical students in six selected universities across Southwest China based on apretested questionnaire regarding HPV infection, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccines. Results: We successfullysurveyed 1, 878 medical students, of whom 32.1% were males and 67.9% were females. Their mean age was 20.8(standard deviation: 1.3) years. 91.8% of them were ethnic Han Chinese, and 43.8% were students in clinicalmedicine. While 76.5% had heard of HPV only 48.8% knew that the prevention of cervical cancer was possiblethrough HPV vaccination. Only 42.9% of the male and 49.2% of the female students correctly answered over 10out of 22 questions on HPV related knowledge. Female students appeared to know more about HPV and HPVvaccination (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.11-1.75). In addition, the student knowledge improved with the grade (p<0.001).University courses were the most selected source of knowledge about HPV vaccination (66.4%). 83.6% of malesand 91.4% of females were willing to have more HPV related education by experts (p<0.001). Only 10.1% of thestudents acknowledged that people had asked for their advice regarding HPV vaccination. Conclusions: Oursurvey indicates that medical students from Southwest China have poor knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccination,but are willing to receive more relevant information. Targeted education should be incorporated into schoolcourses to inform these future health care providers and ensure success of programs for cervical cancer controland prevention.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,human papillomavirus vaccine,Knowledge,Medical students,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29495.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29495_ccf3c173c07a2fba66a083c0d776c7bd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Profile in Cervical Cancer Patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5781-5785}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: As in other developing countries, cervical cancer is the most frequent gynecologic malignancy inIndonesia. Persistent high risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) that infect the cervical tissue have beenestablished as the etiology of cervical cancer. This study aimed to explore the profile of cervical cancer patients andthe infected HPV genotypes at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital-Bandung. Materials and Methods: During theyear 2010, 554 cervical cancer patients were registered. In a subset of the patients during July – November 2010,40 randomized fresh biopsies were tested for HPV genotype after obtained informed consent. The distributionof HPV genotypes and the association to risk factors were analysed. Results: The result showed that 62.5% ofthe tested biopsies were infected by multiple HPV infections, with HPV-16 found in most of the cervical cancerpatients (90%). Marriage at age younger than 16 years old was statistically significant in relation to multipleHPV infection (p=0.003), but not parity more than three times (p=0.59). Conclusions: Although high paritiy inour study was not associated with multiple HPV infection, good family planning programs and reproductivehealth education need to be emphasized in Indonesia as high parity and marriage at young age might increasethe chance of cervical cancer development.}, keywords = {Bandung,cervical cancer,HPV,multiple HPV infections,high parity,young marriage}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29496.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29496_4dc39a5864ba6662fa1bdbd6912f96cd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Factors Influencing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5787-5791}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: With increasing survival periods and diversification of treatment methods, treatment of criticallyill cancer patients has become an important factor influencing patient prognosis. Patients with cancer are at highrisk of infections and subsequent complications. This study investigated the incidence and factors contributingto the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Materials and Methods: This retrospective studyinvestigated the incidence of VAP and factors leading to infection in patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU) of a cancer center from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2013. Results: The incidence of VAP was 2.13cases per 1,000 days of intubation, and 13 of 288 patients (4.5%) developed VAP. Lung cancer was the mostcommon cancer associated with VAP (N=7, 53.9%), and longer hospital stays and intubation were associated withincreased VAP incidence. In the group using a “ventilator bundle,” the incidence was 1.14 cases per 1,000 dayscompared to 2.89 cases per 1,000 days without its use; however, this difference was not statistically significant(p=0.158). Age (≥ 65, OR=5.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.29-23.95), surgery (OR=3.78, 95%CI=1.05-13.78), and tracheotomy (OR=4.46, 95%CI=1.00-19.85) were significant VAP risk factors. The most commoncausative organisms were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(N=4, 30.8% each), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii and Candida albicans (N=2, 15.4% each). Conclusions:The incidence of pneumonia among critically ill cancer patients is highest in those with lung cancer, but lowerthan among non-cancer patients. The length of hospital stay and time on mechanical ventilation are importantrisk factors for development of VAP. Although not statistically significant, “ventilator bundle” care is an effectiveintervention that delays or reduces incidence of VAP. Major risk factors for VAP include age (≥ 65 years), surgery,and tracheostomy, while fungi, gram-negative bacteria, and multidrug-resistant organisms were identified asthe major causative pathogens of VAP in this study.}, keywords = {cancer cases,Pneumonia,ventilator-associated,risk factors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29497.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29497_77112d0c30b7a2bcdf4af372b89eb1b0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {GOLPH3, a Good Prognostic Indicator in Early-stage NSCLC Related to Tumor Angiogenesis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5793-5798}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Golgi phosphoprotein-3 (GOLPH3) is implicated in cancer development and progression. Theaim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of GOLPH3 protein and its association with tumorangiogenesis in patients with early-stage NSCLC. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performedto determine GOLPH3 protein expression and allow assessment of intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) bycounting CD-34 positive immunostained endothelial cells. Correlations of expression with MVD, clinicopathologicfeatures and clinical prognosis were analyzed. Results: A notably higher level of GOLPH3 expression was foundin early-stage NSCC tissues at the protein level. However, we do not find any correlation between GOLPH3expression and clinicopathologic features (p>0.05), although higher MVD was positively associated with GOLPH3overexpression (p<0.001). Expression of GOLPH3 was found to be an independent prognostic factor in earlystageNSCLC patients, those expressing high levels of GOLPH3 exhibiting a substantially lower 5-year overallsurvival than GOLPH3-negative patients (adjusted HR =1.899, 95% CI: 1.021-3.532, p=0.043). Conclusions:High expression of the GOLPH3 protein is common in early-stage NSCC, and is closely associated with tumorprogression, increased tumor angiogenesis, and poor survival. We conclude a possibility of its use as a diagnosticand prognostic marker in early-stage NSCC patients.}, keywords = {GOLPH3,non-small cell lung cancer,Angiogenesis,Prognosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29498.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29498_d3b5298e3b7b29f4ce6b2468950ea069.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {In Vivo Experimental Study on the Effects of Fluid in Increasing the Efficiency of Radiofrequency Ablation}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5799-5804}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the most widely used and studied method internationallyfor the local treatment of liver tumors. However, the extension of coagulation necrosis in one RFA procedureis limited and incomplete coverage of the damaged area can lead to a high local recurrence rate. Objective: Inthis study, we compared the effects of different solutions in enhancing hepatic radiofrequency by establishinga rabbit VX2 liver cancer model. We also determined the optimal solution to maximise effects on the extent ofRFA-induced coagulation necrosis. Methods: Thirty VX2 tumor rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups:group A, RFA alone; group B, RFA with anhydrous ethanol injection; group C, RFA with 5% hypertonic salineinjection; group D, RFA with lidocaine injection; and group E, RFA with a mixed solution. Routine ultrasoundexaminations and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of the ablation areas were performed after RFA. Then,we measured the major axis and transverse diameter and compared the areas of coagulation necrosis inducedby RFA. Results: The mean ablation area range increased in groups B, C and especially E, and the scopes weregreater compared with group A. Preoperative application of anhydrous ethanol, hypertonic saline, lidocaineand the mixed solution (groups B, C, D and E, respectively) resulted in larger coagulation necrosis areas than ingroup A (p<0.05). Among the groups, the coagulation necrosis areas in group E was largest, and the differencewas statistically significant compared with other groups (p<0.05). Pathological findings were consistent withimaging results. Conclusions: A mixture of dehydrated alcohol, hypertonic saline and lidocaine injected withRFA increases the extent of coagulation necrosis in the liver with a single application, and the mixed solution ismore effective than any other injection alone.}, keywords = {Ultrasound,radiofrequency ablation,rabbit VX2 tumors,in vivo liver tumor model}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29499.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29499_56548221c277c7c2f98e5636de584d01.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Meat Consumption, Animal Products, and the Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Uruguayan Men}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5805-5809}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {In the time period 1996-2004, all incident cases of bladder cancer were included in a case-control study inorder to study the role of meat consumption and product animals in the etiology of urothelial cancer. The studyincluded 225 cases and 1,510 hospitalized controls with non-neoplastic conditions, not related to smoking andalcohol drinking. Relative risks, approximated by the odds ratios, were calculated in order to clarify the effectof meat consumption in the etiology of urothelial cancer. Total meat consumption (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.02-2.11),total processed meat (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.08-2.27), frankfurters (hot dogs) (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.28-3.21), ham(OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.21-2.67) and salted meat (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.78-4.18) were positively associated with riskof bladder cancer. Animal products, like cheese, whole milk, and total eggs were also associated with bladdercancer risk (OR for eggs 4.05, 95% CI 2.68-6.12). In conclusion, total meat, processed meat, and eggs could playan important role in the etiology of bladder cancer in Uruguay.}, keywords = {bladder cancer,meat consumption,red meat,processed meat,eggs,Cholesterol,Uruguay}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29500.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29500_0d60e1960d75dd361d21f876d954890c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Incidental Finding of Abnormal Cervical Pathology in Hysterectomy Specimens after Normal Preoperative Papanicolaou Smears in Thammasat University Hospital}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5811-5814}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: To investigate abnormal cervical histopathology (ACH) from hysterectomy specimens withnormal preoperative Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Materials and Methods: Medical records from May 2009to April 2012 were retrospectively reviewed of subjects from whom hysterectomy specimens were taken inThammasat University Hospital. All had normal preoperative Pap smears. ACH was the primary outcome. Ap-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. A total of 483 subjects with an average age of 50.5 years wererecruited. Benign cases of enlarged uterus and pelvic mass were present in 94% (430/483). Endometrial andovarian cancer were found at 6.2 and 4.7%, respectively. In hysterectomy specimens there were 19 (4%) casesof ACH. Silent ACH with benign disease, endometrial and ovarian cancers were 1.2% (5/430), 33.3% (10/30)and 17.4% (4/23), respectively. The negative predictive value (NPV) and false negative rate of Pap smears were96 and 4%, respectively. ACH in malignant cases were 27.9% (12/43) and 20% (2/10) in adequate (APS) andinadequate (IPS) Pap collection groups, respectively. ACH in benign condition were 0.68% (2/292) and 2.2%(3/138) in APS and IPS, respectively. ACH was more often found in hysterectomy specimens with indication ofmalignancy than benign conditions with statistical significance. One third of preoperative stage I endometrialcancer cases had cervical involvement. Conclusions: Silent ACH in normal preoperative Pap smear was 4%. Inadequate Pap smear collection is still the major problem in this study. Reducing inadequate Pap smearcollection could reduce the false negative rate.}, keywords = {Hysterectomy,normal Pap smear,cervical histopathology,false negative rate}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29501.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29501_6606b6407d893dbbe890149a4460c49f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Optimization of Reference Genes for Normalization of the Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction in Tissue Samples of Gastric Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5815-5818}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {For an exact comparison of mRNA transcription in different samples or tissues with real time quantitativereverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), it is crucial to select a suitable internal referencegene. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and beta-actin (ACTB) have been frequentlyconsidered as house-keeping genes to normalize for changes in specific gene expression. However, it has beenreported that these genes are unsuitable references in some cases, because their transcription is significantlyvariable under particular experimental conditions and among tissues. The present study was aimed to investigatewhich reference genes are most suitable for the study of gastric cancer tissues using qRT-PCR. 50 pairs ofgastric cancer and corresponding peritumoral tissues were obtained from patients with gastric cancer. AbsoluteqRT-PCR was employed to detect the expression of GAPDH, ACTB, RPII and 18sRNA in the gastric cancersamples. Comparing gastric cancer with corresponding peritumoral tissues, GAPDH, ACTB and RPII wereobviously up-regulated 6.49, 5.0 and 3.68 fold, respectively. Yet 18sRNA had no obvious expression change ingastric cancer tissues and the corresponding peritumoral tissues. The expression of GAPDH, β-actin, RPII and18sRNA showed no obvious changes in normal gastric epithelial cells compared with gastric cancer cell lines.The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a widely used clinical tumor marker, was used as a validation gene.Only when 18sRNA was used as the normalizing gene was CEA obviously elevated in gastric cancer tissuescompared with peritumoral tissues. Our data show that 18sRNA is stably expressed in gastric cancer samplesand corresponding peritumoral tissues. These observations confirm that there is no universal reference gene andunderline the importance of specific optimization of potential reference genes for any experimental condition.}, keywords = {Gastric cancer tissue,qRT-PCR,internal reference gene,variability}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29502.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29502_9c559873d0f78c52a92083fd63f46ade.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression of Hypoxia-inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase 3 HIFPH3 in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Its Correlation with Prognosis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5819-5823}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: To investigate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 3 (HIFPH3) in non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explore the correlation of HIFPH3 expression with lymph node metastasis andmicrovessel density (MVD). Materials and Methods: A total of 73 cases of NSCLC specimens, 24 cases of paracanceroustissues, and 20 normal pulmonary tissues were collected for HIFPH3 and CD31 immunohistochmical(IHC) study. Microvessel density (MVD) of the NSCLC tissues was also determined based on the expression ofCD31. Results: The expression of HIFPH3 in carcinoma tissue was statistically higher than para-cancerous andnormal pulmonary tissues (χ2=48.806, p<0.05). Compared withthe negative lymph node metastasis group, thelymph node metastasis group showed significantly higher HIFPH3 expression (χ2=6.300, p<0.05). The strongHIFPH3+group displayed a significantly higher MVD than weak HIFPH3+ and HIFPH3- groups (p<0.05). Nodifferences in positive HIFPH3 expression were noted regarding the tumor diameter, age, smoking status, genderof NSCLC patients, tumor size, histopathology, or differentiation. Conclusions: HIFPH3 expression in humanNSCLC lesions is significantly higher than that in para-cancerous and normal lung tissues and is positivelyassociated with lymph node metastasis and MVD.}, keywords = {NSCLC,hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 3,CD31,microvessel density}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29503.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29503_d2d626e2182c91b25faa91d2440e21f2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Type Distribution of Lymphomas in Lebanon: Five-Year Single Institution Experience}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5825-5828}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Lymphomas represent the fifth most frequent cancer in Lebanon. However, little is knownconcerning epidemiologic characteristics and distribution of lymphoid neoplasms according to the 2008 WHOclassification. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of lymphoma cases diagnosed from2008 till 2012 at Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital. Results: A total of 502 new cases of lymphoma werediagnosed at our institution during a five year period: 119 cases (24%) were Hodgkin lymphomas (HL) and 383cases (76%) were non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). HLs were equally distributed in both sexes with a meanage at diagnosis of 30 years. Among NHL, 87% (332 cases) were B cell lymphomas, 9% (34 cases) were T celllymphomas and 4%(17 cases) were classified as precursor lymphoid neoplasms. Among B cell lymphomas,44% (147 cases) were diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL), 20% (65 cases) follicular lymphomas and 8%(27 cases) mantle cell lymphomas. DLBCL were equally distributed in both sexes with a mean age of 58 years.Follicular lymphomas were characterized by a male predominance (57%) and a mean age of 60 years. Mantlecell lymphomas showed a pronounced male predominance (85%) with a mean age of 60 years in men and 70years in women. Some 72% of patients having T cell lymphomas were men, with a mean age of 57 years in menand 45 years in women, while 65% of patients having precursor lymphoid neoplasms were women with a meanage of 22 years in women and 30 years in men. Conclusions: The lymphoma subtype distribution in Lebanon isunique when compared to other countries from around the world. In fact, Hodgkin and follicular lymphomasare more frequent than in most Far Eastern, European and American countries, while T-cell lymphomas andDLBCL are less frequent.}, keywords = {Lymphoma,WHO 2008 classification,Epidemiology,Lebanon,eastern Mediterranean area}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29504.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29504_798a666bf43128db8213bc93cb27d4af.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Processed Meat Consumption and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oesophagus in a Large Case-Control Study in Uruguay}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5829-5833}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The role of processed meat in the aetiology of squamous cell oesophageal cancer has been exploredin detail. Methods: In the time period 1990-2005, a case-control study was conducted in Montevideo, Uruguayincluding 2,368 participants (876 cases of oesophageal cancer and 1,492 controls). Relative risks, approximatedby the odds ratios, were estimated by multiple unconditional logistic regression. Results: Processed meat waspositively associated with oesophageal cancer (upper quartile vs lower quartile OR 2.30, 95%CI 1.72-3.07),whereas salted meat intake was positively associated with squamous cell oesophageal cancer (OR 3.82, 95%CI2.74-5.33). Finally other cured meats were positively associated with oesophageal cancer (OR 1.65, 95%CI 1.22-2.22). Conclusions: It could be concluded that processed meat consumption could be an important risk factorfor the aetiology of squamous cell oesophageal cancer in Uruguay.}, keywords = {Squamous cell oesophageal cancer,processed meat,salted meat,other cured meats}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29505.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29505_37bd90d8fce06804b4eddb23b521ac5d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Factors Predicting Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5835-5838}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in Taiwan. The literaturehas previously shown that age, tumor site, T categories, and number of metastatic nodes significantly affectprognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term survival of patients with gastric cancer, aswell as the effect of particular prognostic factors on survival. Materials and Methods: This was a survivalanalysis study with retrospective design. We reviewed the records of 64 patients with adenocarcinoma of thestomach who had undergone gastrectomy with curative intent between 2009 and 2012 at a teaching hospitalin southern Taiwan. Data extracted from patient documents included age, gender distribution, tumor location,and pathological grading. Results: The median follow-up time was 4 years, and there were 31 deaths attributedto gastric cancer. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that retrieval of less than 15 lymph nodes from a patient wasa significant predictor of survival. A significant predictor of poorer survival was higher pathological grading.Conclusions: Our results indicate that the number of lymph nodes retrieved and pathological grading}, keywords = {Gastric cancer,metastatic lymph nodes,survival,Taiwan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29506.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29506_d839c9545bf8d0bb4728fe47a2884f31.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Analysis of Cancer Incidence in Zhejiang Cancer Registry in China during 2000 to 2009}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5839-5843}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: The Zhejiang Provincial Cancer Prevention and Control Office collected cancer registrationdata during 2000 to 2009 from 6 cancer registries in Zhejiang province of China in order to analyze the cancerincidence. Methods: Descriptive analysis included cancer incidence stratified by sex, age and cancer site group.The proportions and cumulative rates of 10 common cancers in different groups were also calculated. Chinesepopulation census in 1982 and Segi’s population were used for calculating age-standardized incidence rates. Thelog-linear model was used for fitting to calculate the incidence trends. Results: The 6 cancer registries in Zhejiangprovince in China covered a total of 60,087,888 person-years during 2000 to 2009 (males 30,445,904, females29,641,984). The total number of new cancer cases were 163,104 (males 92,982, females 70,122). The morphologyverified cases accounted for 69.7%, and the new cases verified only by information from death certificationaccounted for 1.23%. The crude incidence rate in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 271.5/105 during 2000to 2009 (male 305.41/105, female 236.58/105), age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 147.1/105 and 188.2/105, the cumulative incidence rate(aged from 0 to 74) being 21.7%. The crude incidence rate was 209.6/105 in 2000, and it increased to 320.20/105in 2009 (52.8%), with an annual percent change (APC) of 4.51% (95% confidence interval, 3.25%-5.79%).Age-specific incidence rate of 80-84 age group was achieved at the highest point of the incidence curve. Overallwith different age groups, the cancer incidences differed, the incidence of liver cancer being highest in 15-44age group in males; the incidence of breast cancer was the highest in 15-64 age group in females; the incidencesof lung cancer were the highest in both males and females over the age of 65 years. Conclusions: Lung cancer,digestive system malignancies and breast cancer are the most common cancers in Zhejiang province in Chinarequiring an especial focus. The incidences of thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, cervical cancer and lymphomahave increased rapidly. Prevention and control measures should be implemented for these cancers.}, keywords = {cancer registry,Incidence,Epidemiology,Zhejiang province,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29507.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29507_9508a74023113c61fb1e426b3baee19e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Moderating Effects of Media Exposure on Associations between Socioeconomic Position and Cancer Worry}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5845-5851}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Reducing fear of cancer is significant in developing cancer screening interventions, but the levels of fear mayvary depending on the degrees of media exposure as well as individuals’ socioeconomic positions (SEP). However,few studies have examined how the SEP influences the fear of cancer under the moderating process of general andspecific forms of media exposure. We investigated the moderating effect of media exposure on the relationshipbetween SEP and the level of fear of cancer by assuming that cancer knowledge is a covariate between thosetwo. In particular, this study examined how exposure to both general and specific media changes the series ofprocesses from SEP to fear of cancer. We conducted path analyses with three types of media - television, radioand the Internet- using data from a health communication survey of 613 adults in Massachusetts in the UnitedStates. We found that SEP influences cancer knowledge directly and fear of cancer indirectly, as moderated bythe level of media exposure. Health-specific exposure, however, had a more consistent effect than general mediaexposure in lowering the fear of cancer by increasing knowledge about cancer. A higher level of health-specificexposure and greater amount of cancer knowledge lessened the fear of cancer. In addition, the more people wereexposed to health information on television and the Internet, the lower the level of fear of cancer as a result.These findings indicate a relationship between SEP and fear of cancer, as moderated by the level and type ofmedia exposure. Furthermore, the findings suggest that for early detection or cancer prevention strategies, healthcommunication approaches through mass media need to be considered.}, keywords = {cancer,worry,health communication,media exposure,Knowledge,communication inequalities}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29508.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29508_7bc6e9bfa05d11321bd5bd4c58005289.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk in Asian Populations}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5853-5860}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHFR) is the key enzyme of the folate metabolic pathway andseveral studies have pointed to association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and breast cancer risk.Although significant association was observed in some studies, in others no clear link could be established.Objective: A meta-analysis of published Asian case control studies was therefor carried out to shed further lighton any C677T breast cancer association. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Springer Link, Google Scholar andElsevier databases were searched for case control studies of associations between MTHFR C677T polymorphismand breast cancer risk. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess theassociation. A total of 36 studies including 8,040 cases and 10,008 controls were included in the present metaanalysis.Results: Overall, a significantly elevated breast cancer risk was associated with the T allele and TTgenotype in homozygote comparison and dominant genetic models when all studies were pooled into the metaanalysis(T vs C (allele contrast model): OR=1,23, 95%CI=1.13-1.37, p=0.000 ; TT vs CC(homozygote model):OR=1.38, 95%CI=1.16-1.63, p=0.0003; TT+CT vs CC (dominant model): OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.01-1.23, p=0.02).Conclusions: The present meta-analysis strongly suggested a significant association between the MTHFR C677Tpolymorphism and risk of breast cancer in Asian populations.}, keywords = {Meta-analysis,breast cancer,Polymorphism,MTHFR,C677T}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29509.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29509_28a484a535acbaea48c0a7317da1b47e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Case-control Study in Wuhan, China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5861-5865}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {High risk forms of the human papilloma virus (HPV) are generally accepted as necessary causative agentsfor cervical cancer. Recently, a possible relation between HPV and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) hasalso been noticed. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of HPV infection in OSCCs inWuhan city. DNA samples were collected from fresh tissues in 200 patients with OSCC and 68 normal controls.The polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were used to identify the HPV types in the samples. Theprevalence of HPV of all types in the OSCC group was higher than in the control group (55/200 vs 2/68, OR=11.5,95% CI=2.6-50.2). HPV16 and HPV18 were the main types detected, with HPV6 was the only low-risk typeidentified. High-risk HPV types HPV16 and HPV18 are prevalent in OSCC patients and may participate in thedevelopment of OSCC with traditional risk factors, tobacco and alcohol, possibly exerting synergistic effects.The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that those who smoked, consumed alcohol and with HPVinfection have the highest risk of developing oral cancer (OR=13.3, 95% CI=3.1-56.8). Adjusted for age, smokingand alcohol use, HPV infection was independently associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma.}, keywords = {HPV,Oral SCC,PCR,Epidemiology,risk factor,Interaction,smoking,alcohol}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29510.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29510_89974cae02b125feeb0cc508ba4f0b8d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {TLR9 Expression in Uterine Cervical Lesions of Uyghur Women Correlate with Cervical Cancer Progression and Selective Silencing of Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 Oncoproteins in Vitro}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5867-5872}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Cervical cancer is listed as one of high-incidence endemic diseases in Xinjiang. Our study aimedto evaluate the expression of TLR9 in uterine cervical tissues of Uyghur women and examine associations withclinicopathological variables. We further characterized the direct effects of TLR9 upon the selective silencing ofhuman papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncoprotein expression in HPV 16-positive human cervical carcinomacells treated with siRNA in vitro. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry was applied to evaluate TLR9expression in 97 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical samples from Uyghur women; 32 diagnosed withcervical squamous cell carcinomas (CSCC) , 14 with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINI), 10medium-grade (CINII), 24 high-grade (CINIII), and 17 chronic cervicitis. BLOCK-iT™ U6 RNAi Entry VectorpENTR™/U6-E6 and E7 was constructed and transfected the entry clone directly into the mammalian cell line293FT. Then the HPV 16-positive SiHa human cervical carcinoma cell line was infected with RNAi recombinantlentivirus. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of TLR9 in both SiHa and HPV16 E6 and E7 silenced SiHa cells. Results: Immunohistochemical staining showed that TLR9 expression wasundetectable (88.2%) or weak (11.8%) in chronic cervicitis tissues. However, variable staining was observed inthe basal layer of all normal endocervical glands. TLR9 expression, which was mainly observed as cytoplasmicstaining, gradually increased in accordance with the histopathological grade in the following order: chroniccervicitis (2/17, 11.8%) 40 ug/ml) reported earlier were selected.We used logistic regression analysis to evaluate relationshipsbetween these and tumor response. Results: On multivariable analysis, we found that age was significant inpredicting the responsiveness to pemetrexed (p<0.05) combined with oxaliplatin. We did not find any otherfactors which were significantly associated with the response rate to chemotherapy with pemetrexed andirinotecan. Conclusions: By multivariate analysis, we found that age had significant impact on the responsivenessof pemetrexed when combined with oxaliplatin. Additional research based on genomic properties of host andtumors are needed to clarify markers for better selection of patients who could benefit from pemetrexed combinedchemotherapy.}, keywords = {Pemetrexed,predictive factors,combined chemotherapy metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29523.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29523_ab02cbbcaf0390aa0acd108030ca9e69.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Bevacizumab Concomitant with Chemotherapy is Effective in Treating Chinese Patients with Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5945-5950}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives: To retrospectively review the safety and clinical efficacy of bevacizumab concomitant withchemotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSNSCLC). Methods:Clinical data for 79 patients with NSNSCLC who received bevacizumab concomitant with chemotherapy inChinese PLA General Hospital from April 28th 2009 to May 5th 2013 were retrospectively reviewed to analyzethe clinical efficacy including disease control rate (DCR), overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival(PFS), overall survival (OS), the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score and the safety. Results:The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score was 0-2. By the final cutoff date (June 9, 2013), 54(68.4%) patients had disease progression and 37 (46.8%) died. The ORR was 32.9% and the DCR was 83.5%.The ORR of the first-, second-, and third- or later-line treatments were 51.4%, 25.0% and 12.5%, while the DCRwere 94.3%, 80.0% and 70.8%, respectively. The median OS (mOS) and PFS (mPFS) were 13.5 and 5.83 months,respectively. The mOS of patients with the first-, second-, and third- or later- line treatments were 16.2, 10.9and8.30 months, while the mPFS were 7.27, 5.90 and 5.17 months, respectively. Chemotherapy-related adverseevents included myelosuppression, vomiting, hepatic dysfunction and renal dysfunction, while the commonserious bevacizumab-related adverse events were thromboembolic problems, gastrointestinal perforation andreversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, which could be well managed. Conclusions: Bevacizumabconcomitant with chemotherapy is effective and the related toxicity can be well tolerated in Chinese patientswith NSNSCLC.}, keywords = {Non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer,Bevacizumab,clinical efficacy,safety,Chemotherapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29524.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29524_d966b002226ae7b73ce838babf2d515c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinical Study of Hepatectomy Combined with Jianpi Huayu Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5951-5957}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) possesses several advantages for treating patients withhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The theory of ‘Jianpi Huayu Therapy’ rooted from ‘Jin Kui Yao Lue’isone of the most important therapies in this respect. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical effectand safety of hepatectomy combining with ‘Jianpi Huayu Therapy’ in the treatment of HCC. Materials andMethods: One hundred and twenty patients with HCC were randomized allocated into hepatectomy combinedwith ‘Jianpi Huayu Therapy’ group (treatment group, n=60) and hepatectomy alone group (control group,n=60). Disease- free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were the primary end-points. Liver function atthe end of one week after surgery, complications, average days of hospitalization as well as performance status(PS) at the end of one month post operation were also compared. Results: No significant differences existedbetween two groups on baseline analysis (p>0.05). No treatment related mortality occurred in either group.Post-operative complications were detected among 14 patients (23.3%) in the treatment group, and 12 (20.0%)in the control group (p=0.658). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at the end of one week after operation was lowerin the treatment than control groups (p=0.042). No significant differences in other indexes of liver function werediscovered between two groups. Average days of hospitalization reduced by 0.9 day in treatment group than incontrol (p=0.034). During follow-up, 104 patients (86.6%) developed recurrence. The rates of 1-, 3-, and 5-yearDFS and median DFS for all patients were 77.4%, 26.3%, 9.0% and 25.6 months (range, 6.0~68.0), respectively(78.2%, 29.2%, 14.3% and 28.7 months for the 48 patients in the treatment group and 75.0%, 23.3%, 6.4%,and 22.6 months for the 56 patients in the control group (p=0.045)). 101 patients had died at the time of censor,with 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates and median survival for all patients of 97.5%, 76.4%, 40.5% and51.2 months (range, 10.0~72.0), respectively (98.3%, 78.0%, 43.6% and 52.6 months, for treatment and 96.7%,74.7%, 37.4%, and 49.8 months, for controls, respectively (p=0.048)). Conclusions: Hepatectomy combinedwith ‘Jianpi Huayu therapy’was effective in the treatment of HCC, and reduced post-operative recurrence andmetastasis and improved DFS and OS of HCC patients.}, keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,hepatectomy,Jianpi Huayu therapy,outcome}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29525.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29525_39611e5ba04fa3e19f2d8a10e3e60387.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Dietary Carbohydrate, Fiber and Sugar and Risk of Breast Cancer According to Menopausal Status in Malaysia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5959-5964}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake has been shown to play a role in the etiology ofbreast cancer, but the findings have been inconsistent and limited to developed countries with higher cancerincidence. Objective: To examine the association of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk withdietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake. Materials and Methods: This population based case-control studywas conducted in Malaysia with 382 breast cancer patients and 382 controls. Food intake pattern was assessed viaan interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios(OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a broad range of potential confounders were included in analysis.Results: A significant two fold increased risk of breast cancer among premenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=1.93, 95%CI:1.53-2.61, p-trend=0.001) and postmenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=1.87, 95%CI: 1.03-2.61, p-trend=0.045) womenwas observed in the highest quartile of sugar. A higher intake of dietary fiber was associated with a significantlylower breast cancer risk among both premenopausal (ORQ4 to Q1=0.31, 95%CI: 0.12-0.79, p-trend=0.009) andpostmenopausal (ORQ4 to Q1=0.23, 95%CI: 0.07-0.76, p-trend=0.031) women. Conclusions: Sugar and dietaryfiber intake were independently related to pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. However, no associationwas observed for dietary carbohydrate intake.}, keywords = {Carbohydrate,Fiber,sugar,Premenopausal,postmenopausal,breast cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29526.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29526_c9a7d483e92dc37192c6f685436e59df.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Helicobacter Pylori vacA d1 Genotype is associated with Gastric Cancer but not Peptic Ulcers in Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {15}, number = {14}, pages = {5965-5966}, year = {2014}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29527.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_29527_b4ccc8f3b7ad069040af719d7b5bacf9.pdf} }