@article { author = {}, title = {Comparative Efficacy of Four Imaging Instruments for Breast Cancer Screening}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6177-6186}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Sensitivity and specificity are the two most important indicators in selection of medical imaging devices forcancer screening. Breast images taken by conventional or digital mammography, ultrasound, MRI and opticalmammography were collected from 2,143,852 patients. They were then studied and compared for sensitivityand specificity results. Optical mammography had the highest sensitivity (p<0.001 and p<0.006) except withMRI. Digital mammography had the highest specificity for breast cancer imaging. A comparison of specificitybetween digital mammography and optical mammography was significant (p<0.021). If two or more breastdiagnostic imaging tests are requested the overall sensitivity and specificity will increase. In this literature reviewstudy patients at high-risk of breast cancer were studied beside normal or sensitive women. The image modalityperformance of each breast test was compared for each.}, keywords = {Sensitivity,Specificity,breast imaging,Ultrasound,MRI,digital/optical mammography}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31390.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31390_fedb66ecdb08579e3074100936b855f7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Survivin as a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6187-6191}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {In 1997 for the first time, survivin was described by Amborsini et al. as an anti-apoptotic protein. Subsequentstudies revealed that survivin is a multifunctional protein that plays critical roles in several crucial cell processessuch as apoptosis, cell cycle, chromosome movement, mitosis and cellular stress responses. Moreover, it’s overexpressionin cancer cells versus normal cells is associated with chemotherapy resistance, increased tumorrecurrence, and shorter patient survival. All of these features make survivin a promising target for cancertherapy. Here, we review the potential characteristics of survivin as a tumor marker.}, keywords = {Survivin,cancer,antiapoptotic protein,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31391.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31391_d25d4dc7c44f448ea2d5afd9ed9644ca.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Roles of Human Papillomaviruses and p16 in Oral Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6193-6200}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Head and neck cancer, including oral cancer, is the sixth most common cancer in humans worldwide. Morethan 90% of oral cancers are of squamous cell carcinoma type. Recent studies have shown a strong relationshipbetween human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and head and neck cancer, especially oropharyngeal squamouscell carcinoma (OPSCC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Moreover, the incidence of HPV-relatedOSCC appears to be on the rise while HPV-unrelated OSCC tends to have stabilized in the past decades. p16, atumor suppressor gene, normally functions as a regulator of the cell cycle. Upon infection with high-risk typesof HPV (HR-HPV), particularly types 16, 18, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, and 70, the expressionof p16 is aberrantly overexpressed. Therefore, the expression of p16 is widely used as a surrogate marker forHPV infection in head and neck cancer.}, keywords = {HPV,P16,oral squamous cell carcinoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31392.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31392_41ed993ce21c305d707558896a543727.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Roles of Signaling Pathways in the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6201-6206}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process though which an epithelial phenotypecan be converted into a phenotype of mesenchymal cells. Under physiological conditions EMT is important forembryogenesis, organ development, wound repair and tissue remodeling. However, EMT may also be activatedunder pathologic conditions, especially in carcinogenesis and metastatic progression. Major signaling pathwaysinvolved in EMT include transforming growth factor β(TGF-β), Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog and other signalingpathways. These pathways are related to several transcription factors, including Twist, Smads and zinc fingerproteins snail and slug. These interact with each other to provide crosstalk between the relevant signalingpathways. This review lays emphasis on studying the relationship between EMT and signaling pathways incarcinogenesis and metastatic progression.}, keywords = {EMT,signaling pathway,cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31393.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31393_a250dffeaf0c51a3387c4af7b2e7ccd6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6207-6213}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The supportive care of patients receiving antineoplastic treatment has dramatically improved over the pastfew years and development of effective measures to prevent nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy serves asone of the most important examples of this progress. A patient who starts cancer treatment with chemotherapylists chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting as among their greatest fears. Inadequately controlled emesisimpairs functional activity and quality of life, increases the use of health care resources, and may occasionallycompromise adherence to treatment. New insights into the pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced nauseaand vomiting, a better understanding of the risk factors for these effects, and the availability of new antiemeticagents have all contributed to substantial improvements in emetic control. This review focuses on currentunderstanding of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and the status of pharmacological interventionsfor their prevention and treatment.}, keywords = {Prevention,Chemotherapy,Nausea and Vomiting,cancer patients}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31394.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31394_e9fee49532612c2ed9663c86576cdf21.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Tumor-Suppression Mechanisms of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase O and Clinical Applications}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6215-6223}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Tyrosine phosphorylation plays an important role in regulating human physiological and pathologicalprocesses. Functional stabilization of tyrosine phosphorylation largely contributes to the balanced, coordinatedregulation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Research has revealedPTPs play an important suppressive role in carcinogenesis and progression by reversing oncoprotein functions.Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase O (PTPRO) as one member of the PTPs family has also been identifiedto have some roles in tumor development. Some reports have shown PTPRO over-expression in tumors can notonly inhibit the frequency of tumor cell division and induce tumor cell death, but also suppress migration. However,the tumor-suppression mechanisms are very complex and understanding is incomplete, which in some degreeblocks the further development of PTPRO. Hence, in order to resolve this problem, we here have summarizedresearch findings to draw meaningful conclusions. We found tumor-suppression mechanisms of PTPRO to bediverse, such as controlling G0/G1 of the tumor cell proliferation cycle, inhibiting substrate phosphorylation,down-regulating transcription activators and other activities. In clinical anticancer efforts, expression level ofPTPRO in tumors can not only serve as a biomarker to monitor the prognosis of patients, but act as an epigeneticbiomarker for noninvasive diagnosis. In addition, the re-activation of PTPRO in tumor tissues, not only caninduce tumor volume reduction, but also enhance the susceptibility to chemotherapy drugs. So, we can proposethat these research findings of PTPRO will not only support new study ideas and directions for other tumorsuppressors,importantly, but also supply a theoretical basis for researching new molecular targeting agents inthe future.}, keywords = {PTPRO,tumor suppressor,mechanism prognostic factor,Anticancer therapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31395.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31395_eae725b881713beea5e3a281c3b66826.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effects of Two Traditional Chinese Cooking Oils, Canola and Pork, on pH and Cholic Acid Content of Faeces and Colon Tumorigenesis in Kunming Mice}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6225-6229}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Faecal pH and cholate are two important factors that can affect colon tumorigenesis, and can be modifiedby diet. In this study, the effects of two Chinese traditional cooking oils (pork oil and canola/rapeseed oil) on thepH and the cholic acid content in feces, in addition to colon tumorigenesis, were studied in mice. Kunming micewere randomized into various groups; negative control group (NCG), azoxymethane control group (ACG), porkoil group (POG), and canola oil Ggroup (COG) . Mice in the ACG were fed a basic rodent chow; mice in POGand COG were given 10% cooking oil rodent chow with the respective oil type. All mice were given four weeklyAOM (azoxymethane) i.p. injections (10mg/kg). The pH and cholic acid of the feces were examined every twoweeks. Colon tumors, aberrant crypt foci and organ weights were examined 32 weeks following the final AOMinjection. The results showed that canola oil significantly decreased faecal pH in female mice (P<0.05), but hadno influence on feces pH in male mice (P>0.05). Pork oil significantly increased the feces pH in both male andfemale mice (P<0.05). No significant change was found in feces cholic acid content when mice were fed 10%pork oil or canola oil compared with the ACG. Although Kunming mice were not susceptible to AOM-inducedtumorigenesis in terms of colon tumor incidence, pork oil significantly increased the ACF number in male mice.Canola oil showed no influence on ACF in either male or female mice. Our results indicate that cooking oil effectsfaecal pH, but does not affect the faecal cholic acid content and thus AOM-induced colon neoplastic ACF ismodified by dietary fat.}, keywords = {azoxymethane,feces pH,feces cholate,dietary fat,colon tumorigenesis,aberrant crypt foci}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31396.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31396_ffa9e5503812efba90dc1a43e6b5e7d8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Knowledge of Female Undergraduate Students on Breast Cancer and Breast Self-examination in Klang Valley, Malaysia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6231-6235}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: In Malaysia, breast cancer is the first cancer among females regardness of race. Aim: The purposeof this study was to identify the knowledge and BSE practice among undergraduate female students at fourpublic universities in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conductedamong 820 undergraduate female students using a self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographicdata, knowledge of breast cancer and BSE practice. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 21.7±1.2years. The majority of them were single (96.8%), Malay (91.9%) and 16.5% of respondents had a family historyof breast cancer. This study showed low level of knowledge on breast cancer and breast self-examination amongparticipants. Only 19.6% participants were performing BSE regularly. Knowledge of breast self-examination wassignificantly associated with BSE practice (p=0.00). Also, there were significant associations between performingBSE with age, marital status and being trained by a doctor for doing BSE (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our findingsshowed that the rate of BSE practice and knowledge of breast cancer is inadequate among young Malaysianfemales. A public health education program is essential to improve breast cancer prevention among this group.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Breast self examination,Knowledge,undergraduate students,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31397.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31397_61c84d8f465b26b2eea03d894be6df4d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {An Empirical Study on Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Usage among Malaysian Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6237-6241}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Usage of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) has gained popularity over the pastfew years. However, very little is known about TCAM use among Malaysian cancer patients. This study aimedto identify the determinants of TCAM usage among cancer patients with determination of relationships betweendemographic factors, patient satisfaction with conventional treatment, knowledge on TCAM and healthcareprofessional influence. Patient’s perceptions towards TCAM were also determined. A simple random convenientsampling method was used to recruit 354 patients from Hospital Kuala Lumpur between February to April2013. All were directly interviewed with a structured questionnaire. In this study, 172 respondents were TCAMusers. There was no significant differences between demographic background of respondents in the usage ofTCAM. Minimal correlation was found between patient satisfaction with the conventional treatment and usageof TCAM (r=0.091). A poor correlation was found between healthcare professional’s influence and TCAM usage(r=-0.213) but the results suggested that increase in influence would decrease TCAM usage. Patient TCAMknowledge correlated negatively with the TCAM usage (r=-0.555) indicated that cancer patients are less likelyto use TCAM when they have more TCAM knowledge. Healthcare professionals should be fully equipped withthe necessary TCAM knowledge while maintaining patient satisfaction with the conventional treatment. Theyshould also intervene on patient TCAM usage where a potential drug interaction or a harmful adverse eventcan occur.}, keywords = {TCAM,cancer,Satisfaction,Knowledge,health care professionals,Influence,Malaysia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31398.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31398_e5499e9dfe0144ab81403f8fcf9d6950.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer in Females Using a Logit Model in Lahore, Pakistan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6243-6247}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is a more common endocrine malignancy in females and is a major causeof death in developing countries. Therefore the aim of this study was to explore possible risk factors of thyroidcancer in females of Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This study covered 232 females, including 127 (54.7%)cases and 105 (45.2%) controls, from the INMOL Hospital and Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Different riskfactors were explored by the descriptive and inferentially statistics. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervalsfor different risk factors were computed using logistic regression. Results: The results showed six risk factors,marital status, family history of thyroid cancer, iodine in the diet, oxidative stress, fast food and fried food, todemonstrate positive significant links to thyroid cancer (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of :2.152,1.104-4.198; 2.630, 1.416-4.887; 2.391, 1.282-4.458; 4.115, 2.185-7.750; 3.656, 1.851-7.223; 2.357, 1.268-4.382; and2.360, 1.199-4.643, respectively). Conclusions: The Oxidative stress, marital status, family history of cancer, fastfood, use of iodine diet and fried food are the risk factors of thyroid cancer in females.}, keywords = {Thyroid cancer,risk factors,logistic regression,Odds ratio,oxidative stress}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31399.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31399_dd87e4fd5b47ab11b6341794c5f3d301.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Breast Cancer Awareness among Middle Class Urban Women - a Community-Based Study from Mumbai, India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6249-6254}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Targeting breast cancer awareness along with comprehensive cancer care is appropriate in low and middleincome countries like India, where there are no organized and affordable screening services. It is essential toidentify the existing awareness about breast cancer in the community prior to launching an organized effort. Thisstudy assessed the existing awareness about breast cancer amongst women and their health seeking practicesin an urban community in Mumbai, India. A postal survey was undertaken with low or no cost options forreturning the completed questionnaires. The majority of the women were aware about cancer but awarenessabout symptoms and signs was poor. Women were willing to accept more information about cancer and thosewith higher awareness scores were more likely to seek medical help. They were also more likely to have undergonebreast examination in the past and less likely to use alternative medicines. High income was associated withbetter awareness but this did not translate into better health seeking behaviour. Organized programmes givingdetailed information about breast cancer and its symptoms are needed and women from all income categoriesneed to be encouraged for positive change towards health seeking. Further detailed studies regarding barriersto health seeking in India are necessary.}, keywords = {awareness,Behaviour,breast cancer,questionnaire survey,India}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31400.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31400_158b4b04ea166e76674fe3a631f52c5f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Model Based on Alkaline Phosphatase and Gamma- Glutamyltransferase for Gallbladder Cancer Prognosis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6255-6259}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) in gallbladder cancer (GBC). Materials and Methods: Serum ALP and GGT levels and clinicopathologicalparameters were retrospectively evaluated in 199 GBC patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curveanalysis was performed to determine the cut-off values of ALP and GGT. Then, associations with overall survivalwere assessed by multivariate analysis. Based on the significant factors, a prognostic score model was established.Results: By ROC curve analysis, ALP ≥ 210 U/L and GGT ≥ 43 U/L were considered elevated. Overall survivalfor patients with elevated ALP and GGT was significantly worse than for patients within the normal range.Multivariate analysis showed that the elevated ALP, GGT and tumor stage were independent prognostic factors.Giving each positive factor a score of 1, we established a preoperative prognostic score model. Varied outcomeswould be significantly distinguished by the different score groups. By further ROC curve analysis, the simplescore showed great superiority compared with the widely used TNM staging, each of the ALP or GGT alone, ortraditional tumor markers such as CEA, AFP, CA125 and CA199. Conclusions: Elevated ALP and GGT levelswere risk predictors in GBC patients. Our prognostic model provides infomration on varied outcomes of patientsfrom different score groups.}, keywords = {gamma-glutamyltransferase,Alkaline phosphatase,gallbladder cancer,Prognosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31401.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31401_4b3f153ac1243b6ccd11a0a10d87dbee.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinicopathology Profile and Bone Involvement of Multiple Myeloma Patients in Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Indonesia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6261-6265}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Even though rarely found in Indonesia, the incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) is increasingevery year. Bone involvement of MM is the most often a clinical disorder which leads to worsening clinicalconditions and low quality of life of patients. Purpose: To determine the clinicopathology profile of boneinvolvement of MM patients in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study of MM conductedat Dharmais National Cancer Hospital (DNCH) by collecting data from medical records of MM patients whocame to DNCH in period 2008-2012. Results: There were 39 MM patients all with age above 60 years. Therewere 56.4% male and 43.6% female patients. Most were diagnosed at stage III (32.4%), and 41% had obesity.The comorbid conditions were anemia (82.9%), hypoalbuminemia (60%), increased creatinine level (38.5%),increased β2 microglobulin level (94.1%), increased LDH level (23.1%) and plasmocytes above 30% (65%),but only 4.2% patients presented with hypercalcemia. Meanwhile, bone involvement occurred in 76.9% ofMM patients with 4 lesions on average and a maximum of 16 lesions. The locations of bone lesions were spine(70%), skull (70%), pelvis (33.3%), humerus (30%), and femur (30%). Conclusions: The incidence of MM inIndonesia is increasing annually with bone involvement in more than three-fourths, but interestingly withouthypercalcemia.}, keywords = {multiple myeloma,clinicopathology profile,bone involvement,Indonesia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31402.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31402_3b966bcc03f86b97aa84c95392a303f2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Head and neck extra nodal NHL (HNENL) - Treatment Outcome and Pattern of failure - A Single Institution Experience}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6267-6272}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Extra nodal lymphoma (ENL) constitutes about 33 % of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. 18-28%develops in the head and neck region. A multimodality treatment with multi-agent chemotherapy (CT) andradiotherapy (RT) is considered optimum. Materials and Methods: We retrieved the treatment charts of patientsof HNENL treated in our institute from 2001-2012. The charts were reviewed and the demographic, treatmentdetails and outcome of HNENL patients were retrieved using predesigned pro-forma. Results: We retrieveddata of 75consecutive patients HNENL. Median age was 47years (Range: 8-76 years). Of the 75 patients 51 weremale and 24 were female. 55patients were evaluable. The patient and tumor characteristics are summarizedin Table 1. All patients were staged comprehensively with contrast enhanced computed tomography of head,neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy 66 patients received a combinationmulti-agent CT with CHOP being the commonest regimen. 42 patients received 4 or lesser number of cycles ofchemotherapy whereas 24received more than 4 cycles chemotherapy. Post radiotherapy, 41 out of 42 patientshad a complete response at 3 months. Only 21patients had a complete response after chemotherapy. All patientsreceived radiation (mostly involved field radiation) as a part of the treatment. The median radiation dose was45 Gray (Range: 36 Gray-50 Gray). The radiation was planned by 2D fluoro simulation based technique in37cases and by 3 Dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) in 36 cases. Two patients were planned bythe intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique. IMRT was planned for one thyroid and one nasalcavity primary. 5 patients experienced relapse after a median follow up of 19 months. The median survival wasnot reached. The estimated two and three year survival were 92.9% (95%CI- 68.6- 95.35) and 88% (95%CI-60.82 - 92.66) respectively. Univariate analysis revealed higher stage and poorer baseline performance status tobe significantly associated with worse progression free survival. 5 patients progressed (relapse or primary diseaseprogression) after treatment. Of the 5 patients, two patients were primary orbital NHL, two patients had NHLnasal cavity and one was NHL thyroid. Conclusions: Combined modality treatment in HNENL confers excellentdisease control with acceptable side effects.}, keywords = {head and neck,extra nodal,NHL,Chemotherapy,radiotherapy,India}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31403.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31403_16dc398d719ca0530ecef5ada8d46acf.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Relationships between Body Image, Body Mass Index, and Smoking in Korean Adolescents: Results of a Nationwide Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6273-6278}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: This study assessed the association between subjective body image or objective body mass index(BMI) and the risk of daily smoking in Korean adolescents, with a purpose of identifying the most suitablemodels. Materials and Methods: Using the 2013 9th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey data for72,435 students, odds ratios were calculated for daily smoking in the past month, according to the subjectivebody image and calculated BMI using a respective multiple logistic regression model. The combined effect ofthese two factors was also analyzed by pairing a BMI category with a subjective body image category, usingodds ratios for the same event within each sex group. Results: Among the surveyed students, 7.2% of boys and1.8% of girls were classified as daily smokers. Students who perceived themselves as being very obese tendedto be at lower risk of daily smoking (OR=0.61 in boys with 95% CI=0.47 to 0.79; OR=0.66 in women with 95%CI=0.47 to 0.93). In addition, boys within the obese or overweight BMI category showed a lower risk of dailysmoking (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.77-0.96). Lean BMI was significantly associated with higher odds ratios for dailysmoking only in female students (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.02-1.52). When pairing these two objective and subjectivefactors, results suggested that subjective body image has a greater effect on daily smoking than BMI in bothboys and girls. Conclusions: In both male and female students, subjective body image had a greater effect ondaily smoking than body mass index. A model using the combination of BMI and subjective body image was thebest fit in girls, in contrast to the model using subjective body image only best suitable in boys, for the predictionof daily smoking. These results including several factors associated with daily smoking in Korean students,provide useful data for the development and implementation of smoking intervention and cessation programsfor adolescents.}, keywords = {smoking,Body mass index,body image,Adolescent,Behavior}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31404.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31404_663f7dbbe9eab6b2336d601e9efd4360.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Anticancer Activity of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC in a Hamster Model and Application of PET-CT for Early Detection and Monitoring Progression of Cholangiocarcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6279-6284}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)-induced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an important cancer in the Great Mekongregion, particularly in Thailand. Limitations of treatment options and the lack of an effective diagnostic toolfor early detection of CCA are major concerns for the control of this type of cancer. The aim of the study was toinvestigate anti-CCA activity of the ethanolic extract of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., and the applicabilityof positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) as a tool for detection and monitoring theprogression of CCA in Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)/dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced CCA hamsters. MaleSyrian hamsters were used for toxicity tests and anti-CCA activity evaluation. Development of CCA was inducedby initial feeding of 50 metacercariae of OV, followed by drinking water containing 12.5 ppm of DMN in hamsters.The ethanolic extract of A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. was administered orally for 30 days. PET-CT was performedevery 4 weeks after initiation of CCA using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). Results from the present studysuggest that the ethanolic extract of A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. rhizome exhibited promising anti-CCA activityand safety profile in the OV/DMN-induced hamster model. To successfully apply PET-CT as a tool for earlydetection of tumor development and progression, modification of radiolabeling approach is required to improveits specificity for CCA cells.}, keywords = {cholangiocarcinoma,Anticancer,PET-CT,Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31405.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31405_40f6f318dbae3d6f0d6465e53b7a211c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Breast Cancer Screening in Morocco: Performance Indicators During Two Years of an Organized Programme}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6285-6288}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is commonly diagnosed at late stages in countries with limited resources. InMorocco, breast cancer is ranked the first female cancer (36.1%) and screening methods could reduce theproportion presenting with a late diagnosis. Morocco is currently adopting a breast cancer screening programbased on clinical examination at primary health facilities, diagnosis at secondary level and treatment at tertiarylevel. So far, there is no systematic information on the performance of the screening program for breast cancerin Morocco. The aim of this study was to analyze early performance indicators. Materials and Methods: Aretrospective evaluative study conducted in Temara city. The target population was the entire female populationaged between 45-70 years. The study was based on process and performance indicators collected at the individuallevel from the various health structures in Tamara between 2009 and 2011. Results: A total of 2,350 womenparticipated in the screening program; the participation rate was 35.7%. Of these, 76.8% (1,806) were marriedand 5.2% (106) of this group had a family history of breast cancer. Of the women who attended screening, 9.3%(190) were found to have an abnormal physical examination findings. A total of 260 (12.7%) were referred fora specialist consultation. The positive predictive value of clinical breast examination versus mammographywas 23.0%. Forty four (35.5%) of the lesions found on the mammograms were classified as BI-RADs 3; 4 or 5category. Cancer was found in 4 (1.95%) of the total number of screened women and benign cases represented0.58%. Conclusions: These first results of the programme are very encouraging, but there is a need to closelymonitor performance and to improve programme procedures with the aim of increasing both the participationrate and the proportion of women eligible to attend screening.}, keywords = {breast screening,Morocco,cancer early detection,Performance Indicators}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31406.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31406_1df7083e15c7b82711459eef45f608b6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression of Bcl-2 in Primary and Recurrent Odontogenic Keratocysts in Comparison with Other Odontogenic Lesions}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6289-6292}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: To determine the biological behaviour of common odontogenic cystic lesions by analysing andcomparing bcl-2 expression amongst them. Materials and Methods: Our study covered 90 formalin fixed paraffinembedded tissue samples: 26 primary cases each of radicular cysts (RC), dentigerous cysts (DC) and odontogenickeratocysts (OKC) and 12 of recurrent OKCs. Bcl-2 expression was analysed immunohistochemically anddata analysis was accomplished using SPSS version 17.0. Means were taken for age while for gender and siteof the lesions frequencies and percentages were determined. The Chi-square test was applied to evaluate anystatistically significant difference of bcl-2 expression in these lesions and p value of ≤0.05 was taken as significant.Results: All the recurrent OKCs showed a strong positivity for bcl-2 that was absent in all of its primary cases(p value<0.05). Although variation in expression of bcl-2 was not found to be statistically significant betweenRC and DC, however, it became significant when all primary cases of these common odontogenic lesions werecompared. Conclusions: Recurrent OKC showed comparatively a more aggressive behaviour than their primarycounterparts and also from RC and DC. Bcl-2 proved to be a valuable adjunct in determining aggressive biologicalbehaviour of odontogenic lesions.}, keywords = {Odontogenic Keratocyst,radicular cyst,Dentigerous cyst,Bcl-2,KCOT}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31407.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31407_be1d58f8b6a280a179e57bf177ac6469.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Intentions to Undergo Lung Cancer Screening among Korean Men}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6293-6298}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Opportunistic screening for lung cancer is commonly conducted in Korea in accordance with physicianrecommendations and screenee’s preferences. However, studies have yet to thoroughly examine the public’sunderstanding of the risks posed by lung cancer screening. This study was conducted to assess changes inintentions to undergo lung cancer screening in response to being informed about exposure to radiation duringlow-dose computed tomography (LDCT) tests and to identify factors with the greatest influence thereonamong Korean men. We conducted sub-group interviews among men chosen from the 2013 Korea NationalCancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional survey of men aged 40 to74 years and women aged 30 to 74 years. From 4100 participants in the KNCSS, 414 men who underwent anycancer screening test within the last 2 years were randomly selected for inclusion in this study. Via face-to-faceinterviews, their intentions to undergo lung cancer screening were assessed before and after being informedabout exposure to radiation during LDCT testing. Of the 414 participants, 50% were current smokers. Afterreceiving information on the benefits of the test, 95.1% stated an intention to undergo screening; this decreasedto 81.6% after they received information on the harms of the test. The average decrease in intention rate was35.3%. Smoking status, household income, and education level were not associated with lowered intentions toundergo lung cancer screening. Participants who were older than 60 years old (OR=0.56; 95% CI= 0.33-0.96)and those with less concern for radiation exposure (OR=0.56; 95% CI=0.36-0.89) were less likely to lower theirscreening intentions. The results of this study suggest that there is a need to educate both non-smokers andformer smokers on the harms of lung cancer screening.}, keywords = {Lung cancer screening-screening intention-low-dose computed tomography-smoking history}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31408.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31408_943f2a58f619a8cf54dc6a6d9fde6e31.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Is Exposure to Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship Associated with Initiation of Tobacco Use among Current Tobacco Users in Youth in India?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6299-6302}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The rise in consumption of tobacco products among youth is a public health concern in India.Several studies have shown that advertisements promoting tobacco products influence decisions and behaviourof youth towards smoking. Objective: To ascertain which method of Tobacco Advertising, Promotion andSponsorship (TAPS) was more influential for initiating tobacco use in youth in India. Materials and Methods:The secondary data of youth (15-24 years) from nationally representative Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)conducted in 2009-2010 was analyzed. Odds ratio and p-value were used to know the association between TAPSand initiation of use of tobacco products among youth. Logistic regression was used to determine the mostsignificant means of TAPS altering the youth’s behaviour towards tobacco products. Results: Out of 13,383 youths,1,982 (14.7%) used smokeless forms of tobacco and 860 (6.38%) used smoke forms. Logistic regression revealsthat promotional activities mainly through cinemas (p<0.05) and providing free samples of tobacco products (p< = .001) were most influential means of initiating consumption of tobacco products among youth. Conclusions:The smoking in youth is associated with watching advertisements particularly in cinema and promotionalactivities like distribution of free samples, coupons and sales on the price of tobacco products. Stronger legislativemeasures should be enforced to curb promotional advertisements in cinemas and distribution of free samples.}, keywords = {Tobacco advertising,TAPS,Tobacco,mass media,tobacco initiation,India}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31409.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31409_7d6ecf3228ccd18b6242d5d239def92c.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Addressing Factors Associated with Arab Women’s Socioeconomic Status May Reduce Breast Cancer Mortality: Report from a Well Resourced Middle Eastern Country}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6303-6309}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Differences in socioeconomic status (SES) such as income levels may partly explain why breast cancerscreening (BCS) disparities exist in countries where health care services are free or heavily subsidized. However,factors that contribute to such differences in SES among women living in well resourced Middle East countriesare not fully understood. This quantitative study investigated factors that influence SES and BCS of Arabwomen. Understanding of such factors can be useful for the development of effective intervention strategiesthat aim to increase BCS uptake among Arab women. Using data from a cross-sectional survey among 1,063Arabic-speaking women in Qatar, age 35+, additional data analysis was performed to determine the relationshipbetween socioeconomic indicators such as income and other factors in relation to BCS activities. This study foundthat income is determined and influenced by education level, occupation, nationality, years of residence in thecountry, level of social activity, self-perceived health status, and living area. Financial stress, unemployment,and unfavorable social conditions may impede women’s participation in BCS activities in well resourced MiddleEast countries.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Breast Cancer Screening,income,influence of socioeconomic factors,Arab women}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31410.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31410_6f2e4d4a02386f14f314b50e56c936bb.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Staged Improvement in Awareness of Disease for Elderly Cancer Patients in Southern China}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6311-6316}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: In mainland China, awareness of disease of elderly cancer patients largely relies on the patients’families. We developed a staged procedure to improve their awareness of disease. Materials and Methods:Participants were 224 elderly cancer patients from 9 leading hospitals across Southern China. A questionnairewas given to the oncologists in charge of each patient to evaluate the interaction between family and patients,patient awareness of their disease and participation in medical decision-making. After first cycles of treatment,increased information of disease was given to patients with cooperation of the family. Then patient awarenessof their disease and participation in medical decision-making was documented. Results: Among the 224 cancerelderly patients, 26 (11.6%) made decisions by themselves and 125 (55.8%) delegated their rights of decisionmakingto their family. Subordinate family members tended to play a passive role in decision-making significantly.Patients participating more in medical decision-making tended to know more about their disease. However, incontrast to the awareness of disease, patient awareness of violation of medical recommendations was reverselyassociated with their participation in medical decision-making. Improvement in awareness of diagnosis, stagesand prognosis was achieved in about 20% elderly cancer patients. About 5% participated more actively inmedical decision-making. Conclusions: Chinese elderly cancer patient awareness of disease and participationin medical decision-making is limited and relies on their family status. The staged procedure we developed toimprove patient awareness of disease proved effective.}, keywords = {Decision Making,cancer,Confucian philosophy,patient relationships,Family,disease awareness}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31411.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31411_882f2d8fdbca4415bd06edf585b861ee.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Inhibitory Aromatase Effects of Flavonoids from Ginkgo Biloba Extracts on Estrogen Biosynthesis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6317-6325}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is a popular phytomedicine and has been used for disorders of the centralnervous system, cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, and circulatory diseases. Although GBE is a complexmixture of over 300 compounds, its major components are 24% flavonoids and 6% terpene lactones. In thisstudy, we tested the inhibitory effects of the three major flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin)from GBE, independently and as mixtures, on aromatase activity using JEG-3 cells (human placental cells)and recombinant proteins (human placental microsome). In both systems, kaempferol showed the strongestinhibitory effects among the three flavonoids; the flavanoid mixtures exerted increased inhibitory effects. Theresults of exon I.1-driven luciferase reporter gene assays supported the increased inhibitory effects of flavonoidmixtures, accompanied by suppression of estrogen biosynthesis. In the RT-PCR analysis, decreased patternsof aromatase promoter I.1 mRNA expressions were observed, which were similar to the aromatase inhibitionpatterns of flavonoids and their mixtures. The present study demonstrated that three flavonoids synergisticallyinhibit estrogen biosynthesis through aromatase inhibition, decrease CYP19 mRNA, and induce transcriptionalsuppression. Our results support the usefulness of flavonoids in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer by reducingestrogen levels with reduced adverse effects due to estrogen depletion.}, keywords = {Aromatase,estrogen biosynthesis,breast cancer,Flavonoids,ginkgo biloba extracts}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31412.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31412_a1688bd466e6a8054c10d001ad198e02.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {4G/5G and A-844G Polymorphisms of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Associated with Glioblastoma in Iran - a Case- Control Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6327-6330}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive and malignant brain tumor. Risk factors are largely unknownhowever, although several biomarkers have been identified which may support development, angiogenesis andinvasion of tumor cells. One of these biomarkers is PAI-1. 4G/5G and A-844G are two common polymorphismsin the gene promotor of PAI 1 that may be related to high transcription and expression of this gene. Studies haveshown that the prevalence of the 4G and 844G allele is significantly higher in patients with some cancers andgenetic disorders. Materials and Methods: We here assessed the association of 4G/5G and A-844G polymorphismswith glioblastoma cancer risk in Iranians in a case-control study. All 71 patients with clinically confirmed and140 volunteers with no history and symptoms of glioblastoma as control group were screened for 4G/5G andA-844G polymorphisms of PAI-1, using ARMS-PCR. Genotype and allele frequencies of case and controlgroups were analyzed using the DeFinetti program. Results: Our results showed significant associations between4G/5G (p=0.01824) and A-844G (p = 0.02012) polymorphisms of the PAI-1 gene with glioblastoma cancer riskin our Iranian population. Conclusions: The results of this study supporting an association of the PAI-1 4G/5G(p=0.01824) and A-844G (p = 0.02012) polymorphisms with increasing glioblastoma cancer risk in Iranianpatients.}, keywords = {Biological Markers,Glioblastoma,plasminogen activator inhibitor 1,polymorphisms,risk factors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31413.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31413_d642e157a975a35505de67295f80fcc9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Palliative Care Education in Gynecologic Oncology: a Survey of Gynecologic Oncologists and Gynecologic Oncology Fellows in Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6331-6334}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The main purpose of this study was to survey the education and training of certified gynecologiconcologists and fellows in Thailand. A secondary objective was to study the problems in fellowship trainingregarding palliative care for gynecologic cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study wasconducted by sending a questionnaire regarding palliative care education to all certified gynecologic oncologistsand gynecologic oncology fellows in Thailand. The contents of the survey included fellowship training experience,caring for the dying, patient preparation, attitudes and respondent characteristics. Statistics were analyzed bypercentage, mean and standard deviation and chi-square. Results: One hundred seventy completed questionnaireswere returned; the response rate was 66%. Most certified gynecologic oncologists and fellows in gynecologiconcology have a positive attitude towards palliative care education, and agree that “psychological distress canresult in severe physical suffering”. It was found that the curriculum of gynecologic oncology fellowship trainingequally emphasizes three aspects, namely managing post-operative complications, managing a patient at the endof life and managing a patient with gynecologic oncology. As for experiential training during the fellowship ofgynecologic oncology, education regarding breaking bad news, discussion about goals of care and proceduresfor symptoms control were mostly on-the-job training without explicit teaching. In addition, only 42.9 % ofrespondents were explicitly taught the coping skill for managing their own stress when caring for palliativepatients during fellowship training. Most of respondents rated their clinical competency for palliative care inthe “moderately well prepared” level, and the lowest score of the competency was the issue of spiritual care.Conclusions: Almost all certified gynecologic oncologists and fellows in gynecologic oncology have a positiveattitude towards learning and teaching in palliative care. In this study, some issues were identified for improvingpalliative care education such as proper training under the supervision of a mentor, teaching how to deal withwork stress, competency in spiritual care and attitudes on responsibility for bereavement care.}, keywords = {Palliative care education,Gynecologic oncology,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31414.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31414_8df27a09e9c039a89234fad43f130ce7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression of Cytoplasmic 8-oxo-Gsn and MTH1 Correlates with Pathological Grading in Human Gastric Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6335-6338}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Cancers have dysfunctional redox regulation resulting in production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), damaging DNA, RNA and free NTPs, and causing the accumulation of oxidative nucleic acids in cytoplasm.The major types are 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine(8-oxoGsn) in RNA and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’ deoxyguanosine(8-oxodGsn) in Mt-DNA. The MTH1 protein sanitizes oxidized nucleotide pools from NTPs to monophosphates,preventing the occurrence of transversion mutations. This study concerned cytoplasmic 8-oxodGsn/Gsn andMTH1 expression in gastric cancer and para-cancer tissues and elucidated roles of nucleic-acid oxidation andanti-oxidation. Materials and Methods: A polymer HRP detection system was used to detect 8-oxo-Gsn/dGsnand MTH1 expression in 51 gastric cancer and para-cancer tissue samples. Analyses of patient clinical andpathological data were also performed. Results: The expression of MTH1 and the 8-oxo-dGsn/Gsn ratio weresignificantly higher in cancer tissues than para-cancer tissues (P<0.05). Cytoplasmic 8-oxo-Gsn and MTH1 wereboth found to positively correlate (P<0.05) with tumor differentiation, while no significant associations werefound with gender, age, invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P>0.05). Conclusions: We found8-oxo-dGsn/Gsn and MTH1 are both highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues, especially in well differentiatedlesions. In addition, oxidated mtDNA is prevalently expressed in gastric cancers, while 8-oxo-Gsn expression incytoplasmic RNA is a bit lower, but more selectively.}, keywords = {Gastric cancer,ROS,MTH1,nucleic acids,oxidation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31415.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31415_2fda1e3dbedc9f505ece6b24b95850ed.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Supportive Care Needs of Iranian Cancer Survivors and Relationships with Social Support}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6339-6345}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Assessment of supportive care needs of cancer survivors and identifying factors affecting suchneeds is important for implementation of any supportive care programs. So, the aims of present study were toinvestigate the supportive care needs of Iranian cancer survivors and relationships with social support. Materialsand Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study two hundred and fifty cancer survivors participated viaconvenient sampling methods. The Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF34) and Multidimensional Scaleof Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used for data collection. SPSS software was applied and univariateregression was used for examine relationships of supportive care needs with social support. Results: Participantsdemonstrated many unmet supportive care needs, especially in health system and information and psychologicaldomains. In addition, participants reported that family members and significant others were their main source ofsupport. Also, social support has a significant correlation with all domains of supportive care needs. Conclusions:There is an indispensable need for establishment of supportive care programs for Iranian cancer survivors. Inaddition, family members of family members of such survivors are an important resource to help develop suchprograms.}, keywords = {supportive care needs,Social Support,survivors,cancer,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31416.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31416_fbda782e3299340879e03cb952b2c578.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of Common Risk Factors for Breast Carcinoma in Females: a Hospital Based Study in Karachi, Pakistan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6347-6352}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Breast malignancies are one of the leading causes of deaths in females worldwide. There are anumber of risk factors associated with breast cancer but in Karachi Pakistan there are insufficient data available.Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted on females in age group between 30-80 years. Thisstudy was accomplished by retrospective data collection in Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan.A total of 108 females with primary malignancy of breast were included along with 108 matched controls.Relationship of various factors with disease was studied using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios with95 % confidence intervals. Results: A total of 14 variables were analyzed and based on and 7 were found to berisk factors: old age, family history of breast cancer, family history of other carcinomas, personal history ofbreast carcinoma, early age of menarche, older age of mother at first delivery and lower number of children.Five factors, parity, breast feeding, history of oral contraceptive pills intake, past history of oophorectomy andhysterectomy showed protective associations. One variable, use of hormonal replacement therapy, showed acontroversial link and one other, marital status, was not significant in this study. Conclusions: It is concluded thatmost of the well-known risk factors for breast cancer are also associated with the disease in the female populationof Karachi, Pakistan. High risk patients should be the focus with the help of this study so that screening can bemore effective for early diagnosis before clinically evident breast malignancy.}, keywords = {Risk factors - breast cancer - female - mammogram - Karachi,Pakistan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31417.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31417_f0fe9019a04710c688d8958082a053a5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Laparoscopic Versus Open Radical Cystectomy for Patients Older than 75 Years: a Single-Center Comparative Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6353-6358}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: To explore the safety, efficacy, and oncological outcome of 3-port laparoscopic radical cystectomy(LRC) compared to open radical cystectomy (ORC) in patients older than 75 years. Materials and Methods:From June 2010 to July 2014, we analyzed 16 radical cystectomies in patients older than 75 years (LRC group=8;ORC group=8). Demographic parameters, operative variables, and perioperative outcome in the 2 groups wereretrospectively collected, analyzed, and compared. Results: Patients in both groups had comparable preoperativecharacteristics. A significantly longer operating time (476 vs. 303 min, P=0.0002) and less estimated blood loss(627 vs. 2,106 mL, P=0.021) were observed in the LRC group compared to the ORC group. Infection and ileuswere the most common early complications after surgery. Patients who underwent ORC suffered from morepostoperative infection (22.2% vs. 0.0%, P=0.054) and ileus (25.0% vs. 12.5%, P=0.521) than the LRC group, butthe difference was not significant. Conclusions: Judging from this initial trial, 3-port LRC can be safely carriedout in elderly patients. We suggest 3-port LRC as the primary intervention to treat muscle-invasive or high-risknonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer in elderly patients with an otherwise relatively long life expectancy.}, keywords = {Laparoscopy,radical,Cystectomy,older patients,bladder cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31418.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31418_4bf63ab790e7acf1d29f36c5733d64aa.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Aromatase Inhibition and Capecitabine Combination as 1st or 2nd Line Treatment for Metastatic Breast Cancer - a Retrospective Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6359-6364}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Preclinical studies have shown that the combination of an aromatase inhibitor (AI) andcapecitabine in estrogen receptor (ER)- positive cell lines enhance antitumor efficacy. This retrospective analysisof a group of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) evaluated the efficacy and safety of combined AIwith capecitabine. Materials and Methods: Patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancertreated between 1st January 2005 and 31st December 2010 with a combination of capecitabine and AI wereevaluated and outcomes were compared with those of women treated with capecitabine in conventional dose orAI as a monotherapy. Results: Of 72 patients evaluated, 31 received the combination treatment, 22 AI and 19capecitabine. The combination was used in 20 patients as first-line and 11 as second-line treatment. Mean age was46.2 years with a range of 28-72 years. At the time of progression, 97% had a performance status of <2 and 55%had visceral disease. No significant difference was observed between the three groups according to clinical andpathological features. Mean follow up was 38 months with a range of 16-66 months. The median PFS of first-linetreatment was significantly better for the combination (PFS 21 months vs 8.0 months for capecitabine and 15.0months for AI). For second-line treatment, the PFS was longer in the combination compared with capecitabineand Al groups (18 months vs. 5.0 months vs. 11.0 months, respectively). Median 2 year and 5 year survival didnot show any significant differences among combination and monotherapy groups. The most common adverseevents for the combination group were grade 1 and 2 hand-for syndrome (69%), grade 1 fatigue (64%) andgrade 1 diarrhoea (29%). Three grade 3 hand-foot syndrome events were reported. Conclusions: Combinationtreatment with capecitabine and AI used as a first line or second line treatment was safe with much loweredtoxicity. Prospective randomized clinical trials should evaluate the use of combination therapy in advancedbreast cancer to confirm these findings.}, keywords = {Aromatase inhibitors,capecitabine,Metastatic breast cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31419.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31419_1296f127f584228ec961855dd980461e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Women and Tobacco Use: Discrepancy in the Knowledge, Belief and Behavior towards Tobacco Consumption among Urban and Rural Women in Chhattisgarh, Central India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6365-6373}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Tobacco consumption has become pandemic, and is estimated to have killed 100 million peoplein the 20th century worldwide. Some 700,000 out of 5.4 million deaths due to tobacco use were from India. Theera of global modernization has led to an increase in the involvement of women in tobacco consumption in thelow income and middle-income countries. Tobacco consumption by females is known to have grave consequences.Objectives: To assess: (1) the tobacco use among urban and rural women; (2) the discrepancy in the knowledge,belief and behavior towards tobacco consumption among urban and rural women in Durg-Bhilai Metropolitan,Chhattisgarh, Central India. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 2,000 18-25 year oldyoung women from Durg-Bhilai Metropolitan, Chhattisgarh, Central India, from both urban and rural areas.Data were collected using a pretested, anonymous, extensive face to face interview by a female investigator toassess the tobacco use among women and the discrepancy in the knowledge, belief and behavior towards tobaccoconsumption among urban and rural individuals. Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was found to be 47.2%.Tobacco consumption among rural women was 54.4% and in urban women was 40%. The majority of the womenfrom urban areas (62.8%) were smokers whilst rural women (77.4%) showed preponderance toward smokelesstobacco use. Urban women had a better knowledge and attitude towards harms from tobacco and its use thanthe rural women. Women in rural areas had higher odds (1.335) of developing tobacco habit than the urbanwomen. Conclusions: Increased tobacco use by women poses very severe hazards to their health, maternal andchild health, and their family health and economic well-being. Due to the remarkably complex Indian pictureof female tobacco use, an immediate and compulsory implementation of tobacco control policies laid down byt he WHO FCTC is the need of the hour.}, keywords = {Tobacco,Women,Chhattisgarh,Iindia,Rural,urban,Knowledge}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31420.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31420_ef12899ef11ce740df5b09912ec44c1e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Age Specific Cytological Abnormalities in Women Screened for Cervical Cancer in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6375-6379}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, with about 500,000new cases and 270,000 deaths each year. Globally, it is estimated that over one million women currently havecervical cancer, most of whom have not been diagnosed, or have no access to treatment that could cure themor prolong their lives. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE) cervical cancer is the third most common cancerin women. Materials and Methods: A population-based cross-sectional retrospective survey of cervical smearabnormalities was conducted in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE, from January 2013 to December 2013 bycollecting consecutive liquid-based cytology samples from the Department of Pathology at the SKMC Hospitalin Abu Dhabi city. Results: The total number of women screened for cervical cancer for the year 2013 at SKMCwas 4,593, with 225 (4.89%) abnormal smears. The majority of the abnormal smear results were atypicalsquamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) 114 (2.48%). This study showed 60% increase in the rateof abnormal cervical smears in the UAE over the last 10 years. In this study the highest incidence of high gradeabnormalities were seen in women above the age of 61years (1.73%), this might be due to the fact that this groupof women missed the chance of screening of cervical cancer earlier in their lives or could be explained by thewell-known second peak of HPV infection seen in many prevalence studies. Conclusions: We conclude that therate of abnormal cervical smear in the screened Abu Dhabi women is not different from the rate in developedcountries. A notable increase in both low and high grade abnormalities has occurred within the last decade.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,cervical Pap smear results,Abu Dhabi,age-dependence}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31421.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31421_5966649157984f76ea7f81ece48bcf7b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Whole Liver Palliative Radiotherapy for Patients with Massive Liver Metastases}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6381-6384}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The purpose of this retrospectively study was to examine the effectiveness and tolerability ofa radiotherapy technique for the palliation of symptomatic liver metastases. Materials and Methods: Twentysevenpatients with liver metastases were enrolled and received targeted whole liver irradiation consisting ofmean 1, 8 Gy in five to twelve fractions to a total mean dose 17Gy. Symptoms at baseline were hepatic pain (26patients), lost of weight (6), lack of appetite (2), and night sweats (1). Seventeen patients (63%) had failed previoustreatment with chemotherapy and/or high-dose steroids. Results: Individual symptom response rates were 100%at 4 weeks. Partial or complete global symptomatic responses were noted in 11 patients (40%) after 2 months.After 3 months, 8 patients (28%) reported loss of pain. The treatment was well tolerated with one patient (3%)experiencing grade 3 toxicity (one vomiting and one diarrhoea). Overall the median survival time was 4.9 months(range 1 - 14 months). One year survival was 39%. Conclusions: This is simple and well-tolerated treatment butto achieve good palliation effects we should carefully selected patients whose conventional treatment does notbring good analgesic control.}, keywords = {hepatic metastases,palliative radiotherapy,palliative treatment}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31422.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31422_2cb34a752c1e994d7c50ba099ac753fa.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Polymorphism of the DNA Repair Gene XRCC1 (Arg194Trp) and its role in Colorectal Cancer in Kashmiri Population: a Case Control Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6385-6390}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may influence individual variation in DNArepair capacity, which may be associated with risk of developing cancer. For colorectal cancer the importanceof mutations in mismatch repair genes has been extensively documented. Materials and Methods: In this studywe focused on the Arg194Trp polymorphism of the DNA repair gene XRCC1, involved in base excision repair(BER) and its role in colorectal cancer in Kashmiri population. A case-control study was conducted including100 cases of colorectal cancer, and 100 hospital-based age- and sex-matched healthy controls to examine the roleof XRCC1 genetic polymorphisms in the context of colorectal cancer risk for the Kashmiri population. Results:Genotype analysis of XRCC1 Arg194Trp was conducted with a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)method. The overall association between the XRCC1 polymorphism and the CRC cases was found to be significant(p < 0.05) with both the heterozygous genotype (Arg/Trp) as well as homozygous variant genotype (Trp/Trp)being moderately associated with the elevated risk for CRC [OR=2.01 (95% CI=1.03-3.94) and OR=5.2(95%CI=1.42-19.5)] respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest an increased risk for CRC in individuals withXRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism suggesting BER repair pathway modulates the risk of developing colorectalcancer in the Kashmiri population.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,Kashmir,Polymorphism,DNA Repair,RFLP,XRCC1,BER}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31423.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31423_a5b9fd454737dee47f593add978b4e36.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cervical Cancer Mortality Trends in China, 1991-2013, and Predictions for the Future}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6391-6396}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: To analyze cervical cancer mortality trends in China from 1991-2013 and forecast the mortalitydistribution in future five years (2014-2018), and provide clues for prevention and treatment. Materials andMethods: Mortality data for cervical cancer in China from 1991 to 2013 were used to describe the epidemiologicalcharacteristics and distribution, including the trend of the standardized mortality rate, urban-rural differences,and age variation. Trend-surface analysis was used to analyze the geographical distribution of mortality. Curveestimation, time series, gray modeling, and joinpoint regression were performed to predict and forecast mortalitytrends. Results: In recent years, the mortality rate of cervical cancer has increased, and there is also a steadyincrease in the incidence from 2003 to 2013 in China. Mortality rates in rural areas are higher than in urbanareas. The mortality dramatically increases in the 40+ yr age group, reaching a peak in the >85 yr age group.In addition, geographical analysis showed that the cervical cancer mortality increased from the southwestto west-central and from the southeast to northeast of the country. Conclusions: The incidence rate and themortality rate are increasing from 1991 to 2013, and the predictions show this will continue in the future. Thus,implementation of prevention and management programs for cervical cancer are necessary in China, especiallyfor rural areas, young women in urban areas, and high risk regions (the west-central).}, keywords = {cervical cancer,epidemiological characteristics,Geographic distribution,standardized mortality}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31424.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31424_ec6ddc723e1bb87a9d16ff39b68c56b5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Arsenic Exposure and Haematological Derangement in Cervical Cancer Cases in India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6397-6400}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. According to HPVInformation Centre, Spain (Aug’2014), in India approximately 1,22,844 women are diagnosed with the diseaseevery year and of them 67,477 die due to the disease. CaCx is said to be mediated by HPV but recent data publishedreveal the role of Oxidative Stress in different Cancers. Arsenic is also one of the agents for causing OxidativeStress. Arsenic has been linked with different types of cancer. Arsenic is considered responsible for generation offree radicals and eventually for apoptosis. Early diagnosis of CaCx is presently a matter of concern and clinicalpresentation in advanced stages become difficult for complete clinical response. For determination of oxidativestress, Malondialdehyde (MDA) was taken as an identifier and arsenic estimation was performed with the helpof Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). RBC count and Haemoglobin levels were performed according tostandard protocol. MDA was in direct proportion with arsenic concentration and inversely proportional to RBCand Haemoglobin in CaCx patients. Arsenic is one of the major causative agents for oxidative stress and hencemay be a risk factor leading to cancer including CaCx.}, keywords = {ARSENIC,LPO,RBC,WBC,cervical cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31501.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31501_7c2cedf30925e5d8a26eddd4c588220a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Diagnostic Performance of Diffusion - Weighted Imaging for Multiple Hilar and Mediastinal Lymph Nodes with FDG Accumulation}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6401-6406}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: It is sometimes difficult to assess patients who have multiple hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes(MHMLN) with FDG accumulation in PET-CT. Since it is uncertain whether diffusion-weighted magneticresonance imaging (DWI) is useful in the assessment of such patients, its diagnostic performance was assessed.Materials and Methods: Twenty-three patients who had three or more stations of hilar and mediastinal lymphnodes with SUVmax of 3 or more in PET-CT were included in this study. Results: For diagnosis of disease, therewere 20 malignancies (lung cancers 17, malignant lymphomas 2 and metastatic lung tumor 1), and 3 benigncases (sarcoidosis 2 and benign disease 1). For diagnosis of lymph nodes, there were 7 malignancies (metastasisof lung cancer 7 and malignant lymphoma 1) and 16 benign lymphadenopathies (pneumoconiosis/silicosis 7,sarcoidosis 4, benign disease 4, and atypical lymphocyte infiltration 1). The ADC value (1.57±0.29 ×10-3mm2/sec) of malignant MHMLN was significantly lower than that (1.99±0.24 ×10-3mm2/sec) of benign MHMLN(P=0.0437). However, the SUVmax was not significantly higher (10.0±7.34 as compared to 6.38±4.31) (P=0.15).The sensitivity (86%) by PET-CT was not significantly higher than that (71%) by DWI for malignant MHMLN(P=1.0). The specificity (100%) by DWI was significantly higher than that (31%) for benign MHMLN (P=0.0098).Furthermore, the accuracy (91%) with DWI was significantly higher than that (48%) with PET-CT for MHMLN(P=0.0129). Conclusions: Evaluation by DWI for patients with MHMLN with FDG accumulation is useful fordistinguishing benign from malignant conditions.}, keywords = {Diffusion-weighted imaging,Magnetic resonance imaging,PET,lymph nodes}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31425.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31425_6538d2d20824c33876f0cb39215c8b09.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Predictive Value of the Platelet-To-Lymphocyte Ratio in Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6407-6412}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: To predict prostatic carcinoma using a logistic regression model on prebiopsy peripheral bloodsamples. Materials and Methods: Data of a total of 873 patients who consulted Urology Outpatient Clinics of FatihSultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital between February 2008 and April 2014 scheduled for prostatebiopsy were screened retrospectively. PSA levels, prostate volumes, prebiopsy whole blood cell counts, neutrophiland platelet counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), biopsy resultsand Gleason scores in patients who had established diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) were evaluated. Results:This study was performed on a total of 873 cases, with an age range 48-76 years, divided into three groups asfor biopsy results. with diagnoses of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (n=304, 34.8 %), PCa (n=265, 30.4 %)and histological prostatitis (n=304; 34.8 %). Intra- and intergroup comparative evaluations were performed.White blood cell and neutrophil counts in the histological prostatitis group were significantly higher than thoseof the BPH and PCa groups (p=0.001; p=0.004; p<0.01). A statistically significant intergroup difference wasfound for PLR (p=0.041; p<0.05) but not lymphocyte count (p>0.05). According to pairwise comparisons, PLRwere significantly higher in the PCa group relative to BPH group (p=0.018, p<0.05, respectively). Though notstatistically significant, higher PLR in cases with PCa in comparison with the prostatitis group was remarkable(p=0.067, and p>0.05, respectively). Conclusions: Meta-analyses showed that in patients with PSA levels over4 ng/ml, positive predictive value of PSA is only 25 percent. Therefore, novel markers which can both detectclinically significant prostate cancer, and also prevent unnecessary biopsies are needed. Relevant to this issuein addition to PSA density, velocity, and PCA3, various markers have been analyzed. In the present study, PLRw ere found to be the additional predictor of prostatic carcinoma.}, keywords = {Prostatic carcinoma,PSA,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31426.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31426_aa3c436224c152c0be44e551a2b82207.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Temporal Epidemiological Assessment of Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in East Kazakhstan, 2004-2013}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6413-6416}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in Kazakhstan are relatively high but exact statistics have hithertobeen lacking and trends over time are unclear. The present study was therefore undertaken to retrospectively assessdata for East Kazakhstan, accessed from the central registration office, for the period 2004-2013. Approximateage standardized data for incidence and mortality were generated and compared across age groups, gender andyear. It was determined that during the studied period 3,417 new cases of colorectal cancer were registered and2,259 died of this pathology. Average cancer cancer incidence and mortality over the ten years were 24.1/105and 15.9/105 respectively, and the overall ratio of mortality/incidence (M/I) was 0.69:1 (range 0.58-0.73). Bothincidence and mortality tended to remain constant in both males and females. The male to female ratios also didnot significantly vary over time but a trend for improvement of the mortality to incidence ratio was observed,especially for rectum. Whether this might be related to screening remains unclear. These preliminary dataindicate that whereas colorectal cancer continues to be important, change in environmental factors are nothaving a great impact on incidence in East Kazakhstan.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,Incidence,mortality,Trends,age dependence,East Kazakhstan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31427.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31427_ec9c9c31edae897ea1770d3e3cd4388b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Viscum Album Var Hot Water Extract Mediates Anti-cancer Effects through G1 Phase Cell Cycle Arrest in SK-Hep1 Human Hepatocarcinoma cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6417-6421}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Viscum album var (VAV) also known as mistletoe, has long been categorized as a traditional herbal medicinein Asia. In addition to its immunomodulating activities, mistletoe has also been used in the treatment of chronichepatic disorders in China and Korea. There are numerous reports showing that VAV possesses anti-cancereffects, however influence on human hepatocarcinoma has never been elucidated. In the present study, hot waterextracts of VAV was evaluated for its potential anti-cancer effect in vitro. SK-Hep1 cells were treated with VAV(50-400ug/ml) for both 24 and 48 hours then cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Flowcytometry analysis was used to measure the proportion of SK-Hep1 in the different stages of cell cycle. RT-PCRand Western blot analysis were conducted to measure expression of cell cycle arrest related genes and proteinsrespectively. VAV dose dependently inhibited the proliferation of SK-Hep1 cells without any cytotoxicity withnormal Chang liver cell (CCL-13). Flow cytometry analysis showed that VAV extract inhibited the cell cycleof SK-Hep1 cells via G1 phase arrest. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis both revealed that cyclin dependentkinase 2 (Cdk2) and cyclin D1 gene expression were significantly down regulated while p21 was upregulated dosedependently by VAV treatment. Combined down regulation of Cdk2, Cyclin D1 and up regulation of p21 canresult in cell death. These results indicate that VAV showed evidence of anti-cancer activity through G1 phasecell cycle arrest in SK-Hep1 cells.}, keywords = {Viscum album var,anticancer activity,Cyclin D1,G1 phase cell cycle arrest,human hepatocarcinoma cells}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31428.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31428_8fa674323071ac46c329feb58969212a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {In Vitro Anticancer Activities of Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia bellerica, Acacia catechu and Moringa oleiferna Indian Plants}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6423-6428}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The present study was designed to evaluate in vitro anti-proliferative potential of extracts from four Indianmedicinal plants, namely Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia bellerica, Acacia catechu and Moringa oleiferna. Theircytotoxicity was tested in nine human cancer cell lines, including cancers of lung (A549), prostate (PC-3), breast(T47D and MCF-7), colon (HCT-16 and Colo-205) and leukemia (THP-1, HL-60 and K562) by using SRB andMTT assays. The findings showed that the selected plant extracts inhibited the cell proliferation of nine humancancer cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. The extracts inhibited cell viability of leukemia HL-60and K562 cells by blocking G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Interestingly, A. catechu extract at 100 μg/mL inducedG2/M arrest in K562 cells. DNA fragmentation analysis displayed the appearance of a smear pattern of cellnecrosis upon agarose gel electrophoresis after incubation of HL-60 cells with these extracts for 24h.}, keywords = {Anogeissus latifolia,terminalia bellerica,acacia catechu,moringa oleiferna,Cytotoxicity,DNA ladder}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31502.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31502_d2e2cb3b95ed9aea7384ae49b9a2ba05.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 Polymorphisms, Cigarette Smoking and HPV Infection in Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6429-6438}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in detoxification of carcinogenic electrophiles.The null genotypes in GSTM1 and GSTT1 have been implicated in carcinogenesis. Present study was planned toevaluate the influence of genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene loci in cervical carcinogenesis. Thestudy was conducted in Lok Nayak hospital, New Delhi. DNA from clinical scrapes of 482 women with minorgynaecologic complaints attending Gynaecology OPD and tumor biopsies of 135 cervical cancer cases attendingthe cancer clinic was extracted. HPV DNA was detected by standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) usingL1 consensus primer pair. Polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were analysed by multiplex PCR procedures.Differences in proportions were tested using Pearson’s Chi-square test with Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidenceinterval (CI). The risk of cervical cancer was almost three times in women with GSTM1 homozygous null genotype(OR-2.62, 95%CI, 1.77-3.88; p<0.0001). No association of GSTM1 or GSTT1 homozygous null genotypes wasobserved in women with normal, precancerous and cervical cancerous lesions among ≤35 or >35 years of agegroups. Smokers with null GSTT1 genotype had a higher risk of cervical cancer as compared to non-smokers(OR-3.01, 95% CI, 1.10-8.23; p=0.03). The results further showed that a significant increased risk of cervicalcancer was observed in HPV positive smoker women with GSTT1 (OR-4.36, 95% CI, 1.27-15.03; p=0.02) andGSTM1T1 (OR-3.87, 95% CI, 1.05-14.23; p=0.04) homozygous null genotypes as compared to HPV positive nonsmokers. The results demonstrate that the GST null genotypes were alone not associated with the developmentof cervical cancer, but interacted with smoking and HPV to exert effects in our Delhi population.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,GST polymorphisms,GSTM1,GSTT1,smoking,Pap smear,HPV}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31429.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31429_07cfdb3662a0bf2aefced3bfa385b6ab.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Exploratory Study to Evaluate Changes in Serum Lipid Levels as Early Diagnostic and/or Prognostic Indicators for Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Cancer among Gutkha Consumers in India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6439-6444}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: In India smokeless tobacco users account for 25.9% of total tobacco use, Gutkha being themost common form. This study evaluated the association between serum lipid profile and Gutkha use as anearly diagnostic and/or prognostic indicator for oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral cancer (Oral Ca) innon-smokers and non-alcohol consumers. Materials and Methods: A total of 163 participants were recruitedfrom two sites in India. Participants were divided into four groups: individuals without any Gutkha chewinghabit and without any oral lesions (control group), individuals with Gutkha chewing habit but without any orallesions (GWL), patients with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of OSMF, and patients with a confirmed diagnosis ofOral Ca. Mixed linear modelling (MLM) was conducted to detect the change in mean serum lipid levels amongfour groups. Results: The sample consisted of 69% males and 31% females. Results of MLM show an inverserelationship between serum lipid levels in OSMF, and Oral Ca groups when compared to the control group.Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrated that GWL, OSMF and Oral Ca patients had lower serumlipid levels. Low serum lipid levels could be an indicator of initial neoplastic changes in oral cancer.}, keywords = {oral cancer,Oral submucous fibrosis,gutkha,serum lipid levels}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31503.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31503_492c583a92ae2f532616d1b06390f69b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cell Free EGFR mRNA Expression and Implications for Survival and Metastasis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cases}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6445-6449}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: NSCLC is a disease involving uncontrolled cell growth, which could result in metastases intonearby tissues beyond the lungs. Materials and Methods: The aim of the present study was to analyze the influenceof epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene expression on metastasis and survival in NSCLC patients.The present case-control study included 100 cases of NSCLC patients and 100 age and sex matched controls.EGFR gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real time PCR using serum RNA. Association with NSCLCpatient survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: We analyzed EGFR gene expression andobserved mean increased gene expression of 13.5 fold in NSCLC patients. Values reflected overall survival ofpatients with a median of 15.8 months in the cases of <13 fold increased gene expression vs 6.7 months with >13fold increased EGFR gene expression (p=0.005). Distant metastatic patients with <13 fold increased EGFR geneexpression had 7.9 months of median survival time while>13 fold increased EGFR gene expression had only 5months of median survival time (p=0.03). Non metastatic patients with <13 fold increased EGFR gene expressionhad 18 months of median survival time as compared to only 7.1 months with >13 fold increased expression.Conclusions: Higher cell free EGFR mRNA expression may play an important role in causing distant metastasesand reducing overall survival of NSCLC patients in the Indian population.}, keywords = {EGFR gene expression,Metastases,survival,NSCLC patients}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31430.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31430_2a21fb186420e18e6288101796ea2a56.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Epidemiological Aspects of Osteosarcoma, Giant Cell Tumor and Chondrosarcoma Musculoskeletal Tumors - Experience of the National Rehabilitation Institute, Mexico City}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6451-6455}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Primary bone neoplasms are rare, contributing only 0.2% of the global burden of all humanmalignancies. Osteosarcoma (OS) and chondrosarcoma (CS) are the most common malignancies of bone. Thegiant cell tumor of bone (GCTb) is a benign tumor with behavior characterized by osteolytic bone destruction.The OS, CS and GCTb affect both sexes, all races and generally have incidence peaks regarding the age of thepatient which vary according to the tumor type. We analyzed the incidences of OS, CS and GCTb and theirrelations with gender and age in patients treated in the National Rehabilitation Institute (INR, for its acronymin Spanish) over a period of nine years. Materials and Methods: In the study period, clinic pathological datafor 384 patients were obtained with clinical, radiological and histopathological diagnosis for OS, GCTb and CS.Data analysis was performed using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: From 2006 to 2014 wererecorded 384 cases of bone malignancies in the database of INR. The GCTb had the highest incidence (53.1%),followed by OS (31.3%) and finally the CS (15.6%). The overall average age was 33.6±15.8 years and the overallfrequency of gender had a ratio of 1/1.03 male/female. The states with the highest incidence were Distrito Federaland Estado de Mexico with 29.2% and 25.3% respectively. Malignant neoplasms of bone assessed in the courseof nine years show three significant increases in 2008, 2011 and 2014 (p=0.14). We found association betweensex and tumor type (p=0.03), GCTb and CS predominated in females (54.9% and 56.6% respectively), while forthe OS males were most affected (59.1%). Age was different in relation with tumor type (p=0.0001), average agewas 24.3±11.2 years for OS, 34.5±13 years for GCTb and 49.2±18.5 years for CS. Furthermore, associations oftumor type with topographic location of the primary tumor (P=0.0001) were found. Conclusions: In this studywe can see that incidence of musculoskeletal tumor in our population is continuously increasing and in nineyears an approximately 200% increase of musculoskeletal tumor cases was observed.}, keywords = {osteosarcoma,Chondrosarcoma,giant cell tumor of bone,Mexico}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31431.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31431_00349720ee36150233a74efe85284fc6.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in miR-149 (rs2292832) and miR-101-1 (rs7536540) Are Not Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Thai Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6457-6461}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {MicroRNAs directly and indirectly influence many biological processes such as apoptosis, cell maintenance,and immune responses, impacting on tumor genesis and metastasis. They modulate gene expression at the posttranscriptionallevel and are associated with progression of liver disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is acancer which mostly occurs in males. There are many factors affect HCC development, for example, hepatitisB virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), co-infection, environmentalfactors including alcohol, aflatoxin consumption and host-related factors such as age, gender immune response,microRNA and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus is the majorfactor leading to HCC progression since it causes the liver injury. At present, there are many reports regardingthe association of SNPs on miRNAs and the HCC progression. In this research, we investigated the role of miR-149 (rs2292832) and miR-101-1 (rs7536540) with HCC progression in Thai population. The study included 289Thai subjects including 104 HCC patients, 90 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) and 95healthy control subjects. The allele and genotype of rs2292832 and rs7536540 polymorphisms were determinedby TaqMan real-time PCR assay. Our results revealed no significant association between miR-149 (rs2292832)and miR-101-1 (rs7536540) and the risk of HCC in our Thai population. However, this research is the firststudy of miR-149 (rs2292832) and miR-101-1 (rs7536540) in HCC in Thai populations and the results need tobe confirmed with a larger population.}, keywords = {miR-149,rs2292832,miR-101-1,rs7536540,Hepatocellular carcinoma,HBV,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31432.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31432_302fab6d8fb5dc1e97270304633fb7e7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Time - and Concentration - Dependent Effects of Resveratrol on miR 15a and miR16-1 Expression and Apoptosis in the CCRF-CEM Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6463-6468}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Chemotherapy is one of the common approaches in treatment of cancers, especially leukemia.However, drug resistance phenomena reduce the likelihood of treatment success. Resveratrol is a herbal compoundwhich through complicated processes makes some selected cells sensitive to treatment and induction of apoptosis.In the present study, the effects of resveratrol on the expression of miR 15a and miR16-1 and apoptosis inthe CCRF-CEM cell line were investigated. Materials and Methods: The CCRF-CEM cell line was culturedunder standard conditions and changes in miR 15a and miR 16-1 expression were analyzed by real time-PCRtechnique, with attention to reveratrol dose and time dependence. Also, apoptosis is evaluated by flow cytometryusing annexin V and PI. Results: CCRF-CEM cells underwent dose-dependent apoptotic cell death in responseto resveratrol. MiR 15a and miR 16-1 expression was up-regulated after 24 and 48 hours resveratrol treatment(p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that resveratrol induces apoptosis in a time and dosedependentmanner in CCRF-CEM cells. Also, increased expression level of miR 16-1 and miR 15a by means ofresveratrol in CCRF-CEM cells might have a role in apoptosis induction and predisposition. According to ourresults resveratrol can be regarded as a dietary supplement to improve efficacy of anti-leukemia therapies.}, keywords = {ALL,Resveratrol,miR 15a,miR 16-1,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31433.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31433_8425bb574f7f4901fd60d0aa3b66ee4e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Diffusion Weighted Imaging Can Distinguish Benign from Malignant Mediastinal Tumors and Mass Lesions: Comparison with Positron Emission Tomography}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6469-6475}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) makes it possible to detect malignanttumors based on the diffusion of water molecules. It is uncertain whether DWI is more useful than positronemission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for distinguishing benign from malignant mediastinaltumors and mass lesions. Materials and Methods: Sixteen malignant mediastinal tumors (thymomas 7, thymiccancers 3, malignant lymphomas 3, malignant germ cell tumors 2, and thymic carcinoid 1) and 12 benignmediastinal tumors or mass lesions were assessed in this study. DWI and PET-CT were performed before biopsyor surgery. Results: The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value (1.51±0.46 ×10-3mm2/sec) of malignantmediastinal tumors was significantly lower than that (2.96±0.86 ×10-3mm2/sec) of benign mediastinal tumors andmass lesions (P<0.0001). Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) (11.30±11.22) of malignant mediastinaltumors was significantly higher than that (2.53±3.92) of benign mediastinal tumors and mass lesions (P=0.0159).Using the optimal cutoff value (OCV) 2.21×10-3mm2/sec for ADC and 2.93 for SUVmax, the sensitivity (100%) byDWI was not significantly higher than that (93.8%) by PET-CT for malignant mediastinal tumors. The specificity(83.3%) by DWI was not significantly higher than that (66.7%) for benign mediastinal tumors and mass lesions.The accuracy (92.9%) by DWI was not significantly higher than that (82.1%) by PET-CT for mediastinal tumorsand mass lesions. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between diagnostic capability of DWI andthat of PET-CT for distinguishing mediastinal tumors and mass lesions. DWI is useful in distinguishing benignfrom malignant mediastinal tumors and mass lesions.}, keywords = {Mediastinal tumor and mass lesion,Diagnosis,Magnetic resonance imaging,Diffusion-weighted imaging}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31434.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31434_d7f6a51bc12845be2beedd7485040695.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Predictors of Sun-Protective Practices among Iranian Female College Students: Application of Protection Motivation Theory}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6477-6480}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: Given the importance of sun protection in the prevention of skin cancer, this study was designedto determine predictors of sun-protective practices among a sample of Iranian female college students based onprotection motivation theory (PMT) variables. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 201female college students in Iran University of Medical Sciences were selected. Demographic and PMT variableswere assessed with a 67-item questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to identify demographic and PMTvariables that were associated with sun-protective practices and intention. Results: one percent of participantsalways wore a hat with a brim, 3.5% gloves and 15.9% sunglasses while outdoors. Only 10.9% regularly hadtheir skin checked by a doctor. Perceived rewards, response efficacy, fear, self-efficacy and marital status werethe five variables which could predict 39% variance of participants intention to perform sun-protective practices.Also, intention and response cost explained 31% of the variance of sun-protective practices. Conclusions: Thesepredictive variables may be used to develop theory-based education interventions interventions to prevent skincancer among college students.}, keywords = {Skin Cancer,sun-protective practices,Student,Protection motivation theory,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31435.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31435_428619b5e1b236da2c253aaa445ee618.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Patterns of Esophageal Cancer in the National Cancer Institute at the University of Gezira, in Gezira State, Sudan, in 1999-2012}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6481-6490}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is among the most common malignancies in Eastern Africa, but theoccurrence of EC in Sudan has rarely been described in the scientific literature. This paper reports the resultsof a consecutive case series of all EC patients who visited one of the two public cancer treatment centers inthe country in 1999-2012, providing a first description of this disease in a treatment center located in centralSudan. Materials and Methods: Clinical and demographic data for all EC patients who visited the Departmentof Oncology of the National Cancer Institute at the University of Gezira (NCI-UG) from 1999 to the end of 2012were abstracted and tabulated by sex, tumor type and other characteristics. Results: A total of 448 EC patientsvisited NCI-UG in 1999-2012, and the annual number of EC cases increased steadily from 1999. Squamous cellcarcinoma (SCC) was the predominant EC tumor type (90%), and adenocarcinoma (ADC) was reported in 9.4%of the EC cases. The overall male-to-female ratio for EC was 1:1.8, but the ratio was tumor type-dependent,being 1:2 for SCC and 2:1 for ADC. Only 20% of EC patients reported having ever used tobacco and/or alcohol,and the vast majority of these patients were male. At the time of EC diagnosis, 47.3% of the patients resided inGezira State. Some EC patients from Gezira State seek out-of-state treatment in the national capital of Khartouminstead of visiting NCI-UG. Conclusions: The annual number of EC patients visiting NCI-UG has increased inrecent years, approximately half of these patients being from Gezira State. Although this consecutive series ofEC patients who visited NCI-UG was complete, it did not capture all EC patients from the state. A populationbasedcancer registry would provide more complete data required to better understand EC patterns and riskfactors.}, keywords = {Esophageal Cancer,case series,hospital-based,Gezira State,Sudan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31436.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31436_dc1d89a0bc857bff328645a4a709db8a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Chemopreventive Actions of Blond and Red-Fleshed Sweet Orange Juice on the Loucy Leukemia Cell Line}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6491-6499}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Red-fleshed sweet orange juice (ROJ) comes from a new variety of citrus cultivated in Brazilthat contains high levels of β-carotene and lycopene, and similar amounts of hesperidin (HSP) and nutrients,equivalently to blond orange juice (BOJ). Such bioactive compounds are associated with chemopreventive actionsin several cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity, cell cycle, apoptosis, andcytokine secretion after BOJ, ROJ, and HSP treatment of a novel T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line,Loucy. Materials and Methods: Loucy cells were incubated for 24-h with BOJ, ROJ, and HSP, and the viabilitywas measured using trypan blue. Cell cycling and apoptosis were assessed by propidium iodide (PI) and annexinV-FITC/PI flow cytometry, respectively. Secretion of cytokines IL-1α, IL1-β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A,IFNγ, TNFα, TGFβ, MIPα, and MIPβ was determined by ELISA array. Results: BOJ and ROJ treatmentspromoted Loucy cell cytotoxicity. Additionally, BOJ induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and decreasedthe cell accumulation in the G2/M. ROJ decreased only the G0/G1 fraction, while HSP did not change the cellcycle. BOJ led to apoptosis in a different fashion of ROJ, while the first treatment induced apoptosis by increaseof late apoptosis and primary necrotic fractions, the second increased early and late apoptosis, and primarynecrotic fraction compared to positive controls. HSP had no effect on apoptosis. IL-6 and IL-10 were abrogatedby all treatments. Conclusions: Taking together, these results suggest potential chemopreventive effects of BOJand ROJ on Loucy cells.}, keywords = {orange juice,hesperidin,Cell cycle,Apoptosis,Leukemia,Loucy cells}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31437.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31437_c42870eb01f39d8fcdf6c1c9cc0ea4d1.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Bevacizumab Regulates Cancer Cell Migration by Activation of STAT3}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6501-6506}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {There are numerous clinical cases indicating that long-term use of bevacizumab may increase the invasivenessof tumors. However, to date, little is known about underlying molecular mechanisms. Therefore, the purposeof our study was to investigate effects of bevacizumab in four cancer cells lines (WSU-HN6, CAL27, Tca83,and HeLa). It was found to promote migration and invasion in the WSU-HN6 and Tca83 cases, while exertinginhibitory effects in CAL27 and HeLa cells. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3inhibitors niclosamide and S3I-201 inhibited the STAT3 signal pathway, which is activated by bevacizumab.These inhibitors also substantially blocked bevacizumab-induced migration of WSU-HN6 and Tca83 cells.Bevacizumab upregulated interleukin (IL)-6 and phosphorylated (p)-STAT3 expression time-dependently.Therefore, we propose that bevacizumab has differential effects on the migration of different cancer cell linesand promotes migration via the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.}, keywords = {Bevacizumab,STAT3,migration,pathway inhibition,Interleukin-6}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31438.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31438_ee6de308ad5c8c081539ca4738d28e73.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma - Circulating Status of Vaspin and Retinol Binding Protein-4 in Iranian Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6507-6512}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Vaspin and Retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) are new adipokines mainly produced by adiposetissue. Considering that medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a malignant neuroendocrine tumor, and to datethe relationship between serum levels of vaspin and RBP4 with MTC has not been studied, in this matchedcase-control study we evaluated their possible significance to this tumor type. Materials and Methods: A totalof 45 patients with MTC (21 males and 24 females) and 45 healthy persons as a control group (24 males and 21females) were selected. The two groups were matched for age, sex and body mass index. Serum Vaspin and RBP4levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods in both groups. Also, weightand height were measured and body mass index was calculated too. Results: In total, patients with MTC hadsignificantly higher serum vaspin levels compared to the controls (0.52ng/ml vs. 0.45ng/ml, P=0.0241). However, nosignificant difference was found in serum RBP4 concentrations between the patients with MTC and the controls(15.2±2.55 μg/ml versus 15.1±3.34 μg/ml, p>0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated thatserum RBP4 levels in MTC patients are not significantly different from those found in healthy individuals anddid not correlate with MTC. On the other hand, higher levels of serum vaspin are associated with an increasedrisk of MTC. Thus Vaspin may be a novel and promising biomarker for diagnosis or confirmation of MTC inconjunction other specific tumor markers.}, keywords = {Vaspin,retinol binding protein 4,adipokine,medullary,thyroid carcinoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31454.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31454_309a2377b8a816c356fcdbfa233be733.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Anticancer Effects of Curcuma C20-Dialdehyde against Colon and Cervical Cancer Cell Lines}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6513-6519}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Recent attention on chemotherapeutic intervention against cancer has been focused ondiscovering and developing phytochemicals as anticancer agents with improved efficacy, low drug resistanceand toxicity, low cost and limited adverse side effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of CurcumaC20-dialdehyde on growth, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in colon and cervical cancer cell lines. Materials andMethods: Antiproliferative, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest activities of Curcuma C20-dialdehydewere determined by WST cell proliferation assay, flow cytometric Alexa fluor 488-annexin V/propidium iodide(PI) staining and PI staining, respectively. Results: Curcuma C20 dialdehyde suppressed the proliferation ofHCT116, HT29 and HeLa cells, with IC50 values of 65.4±1.74 μg/ml, 58.4±5.20 μg/ml and 72.0±0.03 μg/ml,respectively, with 72 h exposure. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that percentages of early apoptotic cellsincreased in a dose-dependent manner upon exposure to Curcuma C20-dialdehyde. Furthermore, exposure tolower concentrations of this compound significantly induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase for both HCT116 andHT29 cells, while higher concentrations increased sub-G1 populations. However, the concentrations used in thisstudy could not induce cell cycle arrest but rather induced apoptotic cell death in HeLa cells. Conclusions: Ourfindings suggest that the phytochemical Curcuma C20-dialdehyde may be a potential antineoplastic agent forcolon and cervical cancer chemotherapy and/or chemoprevention. Further studies are needed to characterizethe drug target or mode of action of the Curcuma C20-dialdehyde as an anticancer agent.}, keywords = {Antiproliferative activity,Apoptosis,Curcuma C20-dialdehyde,cell cycle arrest,cervical,Colon cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31455.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31455_d52b32df69b0fc8fd92550bd67605742.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Treatment and Follow-up of Human Papillomavirus Infected Women in a Municipality in Southern Brazil}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6521-6526}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: This study aimed toanalyze the risk behavior for cervical cancer (CC) and the humanpapillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and resolution among women who received care through the private healthcarenetwork of a municipality in southern Brazil. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and retrospective studywas conducted with 25 women aged 20 to 59 years who received care through the private healthcare network andwere treated at a specialty clinic in the period from January to December 2012 in a municipality in NorthwestParana, Southern Brazil. Data from medical records with cytological and HPV results were used. Followingtreatment, these women were followed-up and reassessed after 6 months. Data were statistically analyzed usingthe t-test and chi-squared test at a 5% significance level. Results: The mean age of the studied women was27.8±7.75 years old, and the majority were married, with paid employment and were non-smokers. The meanage at menarche was 13.0±0.50 years old, and the mean age at first intercourse was 17.5±1.78 years, with only8.0% (2) initiating sexual activity at an age ≤15 years old. The majority had 1 to 2 children (60.0%), while 88.0%reported having had one sexual partner in their lifetime, and all the women were sexually active. A total of 68.0%used a hormonal contraceptive method. All the women had leukorrhea and pain and were infected by a singleHPV type. Regarding the lesion grade, 80.0% showed high risk and 20.0% low risk. The most prevalent high-riskHPV strain was 16. Conclusions: These findings provide relevant information on HPV risk factors and infection,as well as the treatment and 6-month follow-up results, in economically and socially advantaged women with notraditional risk factors, corroborating previous reports that different risk factors may be described in differentpopulations. Thus, this study reinforces the fact that even women without the traditional risk factors shouldundergo HPVmonitoring and assessment to determine the persistence of infection, promoting early diagnosisof the lesions presented and appropriate treatment to thus prevent the occurrence of CC.}, keywords = {HPV,treatment,cervical cancer,cancer screening,Brazil}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31456.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31456_4f268c43991ed042cc8b4f6f43b45ae2.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Association between Smoking Status and Food and Nutrient Consumption in Japanese: a Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6527-6534}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: In Japan, in comparison with the rest of the world the death rate of lung cancer is low althoughthe smoking rate is relatively high. This is the so-called “Japanese smoking paradox”. A healthy diet is proposedto attenuate the risk without quitting smoking. We here examined the relationships between smoking status(SS) and the consumption of food and nutrient in Japan. Materials and Methods: Totals of 5,587 men and 2,718women were divided into three (non-smokers, smokers and heavy smokers) and two (non-smokers and smokers)groups, respectively, according to pack-year, which represents the amount of smoking over a long period. Foodand nutrient consumption was estimated with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Using general linearmodels, food and nutrient consumption was estimated for each group in men and women, separately. Results:In men, SS was positively related to consumption of rice, 3 alcoholic beverages, carbohydrate, alcohol andother 8 foods/nutrients (p< 0.05 for all) and negatively to those of protein animal, fat, fatty acids, dietary fiber,isoflavones and 36 other foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all). In women, SS was positively associated with intakeof 13 foods/nutrients, while being negatively associated with those of rice, energy, dietary fiber, and 14 otherfoods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions: Our results support lower intake of vegetables and fruits rich inantioxidants, which are thought as preventive factors for many diseases, in smokers.}, keywords = {smoking status,foods and nutrients,a large-scale cross-sectional study,self-reported psychological stress}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31457.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31457_7729ac2b7f78de3b3fc03b2c170746fb.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Nuclear DNA Damage and Repair in Normal Ovarian Cells Caused by Epothilone B}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6535-6539}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {This study was designed to assess, whether a new chemotherapeutic microtubule inhibitor, Epothilone B(EpoB, Patupilone), can induce DNA damage in normal ovarian cells (MM14.Ov), and to evaluate if such damagecould be repaired. The changes were compared with the effect of paclitaxel (PTX) commonly employed in theclinic. The alkaline comet assay technique and TUNEL assay were used. The kinetics of DNA damage formationand the level of apoptotic cells were determined after treatment with IC50 concentrations of EpoB and PTX. Itwas observed that PTX generated significantly higher apoptotic and genotoxic changes than EpoB. The peakwas observed after 48 h of treatment when the DNA damage had a maximal level. The DNA damage induced byboth tested drugs was almost completely repaired. As EpoB in normal cells causes less damage to DNA it mightbe a promising anticancer drug with potential for the treatment of ovarian tumors.}, keywords = {Apoptosis,DNA damage,Epothilone B,Paclitaxel}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31458.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31458_bc0bd083041824a7c4355590837efd22.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Epidemiological Study of Laryngeal Carcinoma in Western Nepal}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6541-6544}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Laryngeal malignancy is a common malignancy of the head and neck region. Affected patientsusually present with features that are characteristic of certain subsites. The larynx is oncologically divided intothree: supraglottis, glottis and subglottis. Studies from Western countries have shown that the glottis is thecommonest subsite to harbour laryngeal malignancy. However, the supraglottis has been reported to be thecommonest subsite in developing countries, including examples in the Indian subcontinent. To our knowledge, nostudy has been carried out in western Nepal about the epidemiology of laryngeal cancer to date. The purpose ofthis study was to analyse the epidemiology of laryngeal cancer in relation to its risk factors, age distribution,andpreferred subsites and to see if there is any recent change in the subsite wise distribution of laryngeal malignancyin western Nepal. Materials and Methods: Patients of all ages and both sexes with suspected laryngeal malignancywere enrolled in the initial study. Detailed history taking and clinical examination was performed to find out theinvolved subsite in relation to the clinical features. Direct laryngoscopy was performed to further confirm thesubsite and to take biopsy from the growth under general anesthesia. After confirmation of malignancy fromthe biopsy report, patients were finally included in the study. Data were analysed and observations were madeto find out the distribution of laryngeal malignancy in different subsites. Results: The supraglottic larynx wasthe commonest subsite to harbor laryngeal malignancy. Smoking and alcohol were found to be the commonrisk factors. The mean age of the patients was in their sixties. Conclusions: Laryngeal malignancy is commonin elderly individuals. Supraglottic laryngeal malignancy is the commonest laryngeal malignancy in peoplewho smoke and drink alcohol in Nepal. Avoidance of alcohol use and smoking will be a milestone to reduce theincidence of laryngeal cancers and associated mortality.}, keywords = {Laryngeal carcinoma,subsite distribution,squamous cell,risk factors,Nepal}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31459.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31459_e9cf280f6c16277192709ef856fca9d4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Transducer-like Enhancer of Split 1 as a Novel Immunohistochemical Marker for Diagnosis of Synovial Sarcoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6545-6548}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Synovial sarcoma is a mesenchymal neoplasm that accounts for around 10% of all softtissue sarcomas. The diagnosis of synovial sarcoma can be a challenging task, particularly with small biopsyspecimens. Aim: We investigated transducer-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1), monoclonal antibody, expressionby immunohistochemical analysis in a group of 74 synovial sarcoma cases, 20 cases of MPNST, 12 cases ofneurofibroma, 15 cases of schwannoma, 5 cases of MFH, 10 cases of lieomyosarcoma and 10 cases of solitaryfibrous tumor. Materials and Methods: Whole tissue sections were examined: (39 biphasic and 35 monophasic).Nuclear immunoreactivity was scored as negative (<5% of cells positive), 1+(mild /5-25%), 2+ (moderate/25-50%),and 3+ (strong >50%). Results: Overall, 71 (96%) of 74 synovial sarcomas were positive for TLE1, including 37biphasic (95%) and 34 monophasic (97%) tumors. Other spindle cell tumors showed very low or absent stainingof TLE1. Conclusions: We conclude that TLE1 is a sensitive marker and can be a useful diagnostic marker forsynovial sarcoma, particularly the monophasic forms.}, keywords = {TLE-1,synovial sarcomas,spindle cell sarcomas}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31439.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31439_bfa0d4a5e88b76fc4d5af560d47b3862.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Mechanism of Chemoprevention against Colon Cancer Cells Using Combined Gelam Honey and Ginger Extract via mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin Pathways}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6549-6556}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {The PI3K-Akt-mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin and apoptosis signaling pathways have been shown to be involvedin genesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) . The aim of this study was to elucidate whether combination of Gelamhoney and ginger might have chemopreventive properties in HT29 colon cancer cells by modulating the mTOR,Wnt/β-catenin and apoptosis signaling pathways. Treatment with Gelam honey and ginger reduced the viabilityof the HT29 cells dose dependently with IC50 values of 88 mg/ml and 2.15 mg/ml respectively, their while thecombined treatment of 2 mg/ml of ginger with 31 mg/ml of Gelam honey inhibited growth of most HT29 cells.Gelam honey, ginger and combination induced apoptosis in a dose dependent manner with the combinedtreatment exhibiting the highest apoptosis rate. The combined treatment downregulated the gene expressions ofAkt, mTOR, Raptor, Rictor, β-catenin, Gsk3β, Tcf4 and cyclin D1 while cytochrome C and caspase 3 genes wereshown to be upregulated. In conclusion, the combination of Gelam honey and ginger may serve as a potentialtherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer through inhibiton of mTOR, Wnt/β catenin signaling pathwaysand induction of apoptosis pathway.}, keywords = {mTOR,Wnt/β catenin,Apoptosis,Combination,HT29 colon cancer cells}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31440.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31440_74e308f67a92e0a03f2ecbe222fe09d0.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Does Cervical Screening in Young Women Aged 20-25 Years Lead to Unnecessary and Harmful Interventions?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6557-6559}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among young women (20-25 years of age) iscommon and normally transient. There are growing concerns that referral to a colposcopy clinic may lead tounnecessary treatment with an increased risk of obstetric complications. Therefore, the purpose of this studywas to determine the level of intervention for cervical abnormalities in this age group of the Northern Irelandpopulation. Materials and Methods: A review of all serial new patients under 25 years of age, who were referredto colposcopy clinics in Northern Ireland between January 1, 2009 to June 30, 2009 formed the basis of this study.Results: During the study period, a total of 4,767 women under 25 years of age were screened. Two-hundred-andthirty-four (4.9%) cases were referred to the colposcopy clinics. The cervical cytology results were: high-gradeabnormality in 35%, and low-grade abnormality in 31% of these cases. One-hundred-and-seventy-eight (76%)of the referred women received at least one treatment. One-hundred-and-twenty-one of 234 (51.5%) womenunderwent an excisional treatment with histology showing the presence of high-grade abnormalities (CIN2-3) in52%, CIN1 in 28%, and Koilocytosis or normal tissue in 20% of this sub-group of cases. Conclusions: Screeningwomen under the age of 25 years cause unnecessary referral for colposcopy. This may also result in considerableanxiety and psychosexual morbidity. It leads to an over-treatment with a potential of negative impact on thefuture pregnancy outcomes (including pre-term delivery, low birth weight, and pre-term premature rupture ofmembranes).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31441.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31441_de0d6ca9ab23d375099721b64258a1dd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Trends of Smokeless Tobacco use among Adults (Aged 15-49 Years) in Bangladesh, India and Nepal}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6561-6568}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) has long been realized as an important component of the fight forglobal tobacco control. It still remains a major problem in countries like India, Bangladesh and Nepal. Theobjective of this study was to estimate the trends of SLT use in three countries of the SEARO WHO office.Materials and Methods: We used data from national surveys in three countries (Bangladesh, India and Nepal)to estimate trends in prevalence of current SLT use. All available nationally representative data sources wereused. Estimates were weighted, age standardized and given along with 95% confidence intervals. Significance oflinear trend in prevalence over time was tested using the Cochrane-Armitage test for trend. A p value of less than0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We identified three surveys for Bangladesh, three for Indiaand four for Nepal that met the selection criteria (such as Demographic and Health Surveys, WHO-STEPwiseapproach to Surveillance and Global Adult Tobacco Surveys). A significantly increasing trend was noticed in theprevalence of current SLT use among Bangladeshi men (20.2% to 23%, p=0.03). In India, a similar significantlyincreasing trend was seen among men (27.1% to 33.4%, p<0.001) and women (10.1% to 15.7%, p<0.001). InNepal, there was a no significant trend among both men (39.1% to 31.6%, p=0.11) and women (5.6% to 4.7%,p=0.49). Conclusions: In the study countries SLT use has remained at alarmingly high levels. Usage trends do notshow any signs of decline in spite of control efforts. Tobacco control measures should focus more on controllingSLT use.}, keywords = {National surveys,smokeless tobacco,South-East Asia,Trend,Prevalence}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31460.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31460_19e4bd54571cee792064bf803c33ca7a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Applicative Value of Serum CA19-9, CEA, CA125 and CA242 in Diagnosis and Prognosis for Patients with Pancreatic Cancer Treated by Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6569-6573}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the application value of serum CA19-9, CEA, CA125 and CA242 in diagnosis andprognosis of pancreatic cancer cases treated with concurrent chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: 52patients with pancreatic cancer, 40 with benign pancreatic diseases and 40 healthy people were selected. Theelectrochemiluminescence immunoassay method was used for detecting levels of CA19-9, CEA and CA125, anda CanAg CA242 enzyme linked immunoassay kit for assessing the level of CA242. The Kaplan-Meier methodwas used for analyzing the prognostic factors of patients with pancreatic cancer. The Cox proportional hazardmodel was applied for analyzing the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidential interval (CI) for survival timeof patients with pancreatic cancer. Results: The levels of serum CA19-9, CEA, CA125 and CA242 in patientswith pancreatic cancer were significantly higher than those in patients with benign pancreatic diseases andhealthy people (P<0.001). The sensitivity of CA19-9 was the highest among these, followed by CA242, CA125and CEA. The specificity of CA242 is the highest, followed by CA125, CEA and CA19-9. The sensitivity andspecificity of joint detection of serum CA19-9, CEA, CA125and CA242 were 90.4% and 93.8%, obviouslyhigher than single detection of those markers in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The median survival time of52 patients with pancreatic cancer was 10 months (95% CI7.389~12.611).. Patients with the increasing level ofserum CA19-9, CEA, CA125, CA242 had shorter survival times (P=0.047. 0.043, 0.0041, 0.029). COX regressionanalysis showed that CA19-9 was an independent prognostic factor for patients with pancreatic cancer (P=0.001,95%CI 2.591~38.243). Conclusions: The detection of serum tumor markers (CA19.9, CEA, CA125 and CA242)is conducive to the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and joint detection of tumor markers helps improve thediagnostic efficiency. Moreover, CA19-9 is an independent prognostic factor for patients with pancreatic cancer.}, keywords = {Pancreatic cancer,Tumor markers,CA19-9,CEA,CA125,CA242,Prognosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31461.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31461_25d0cbda0161989d7fc6605a0f5111d8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Differences in Prognostic Factors between Early and Late Recurrence Breast Cancers}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6575-6579}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignancy among females and is a leading cause ofdeath of middle-aged women. Herein, we evaluated baseline characteristics for BC patients and also comparedthese variables across ealry and late recurrence groups. Materials and Methods: Between 1995 to 2014, amongfemale breast cancer patients referred to our oncology clinic, eighty-six were entered into our study. All haddistant metastasis. Early recurrence was defined as initial recurrence within 5 years following curative surgeryirrespective of site. Likewise, late recurrence was defined as initial recurrence after 5 years. No recurrence wasdefined for survivors to a complete minimum of 10 years follow-up. Significant prognostic factors associatedwith early or late recurrence were selected according to the Akaike Information Criterion. Results: The medianfollow-up was 9 years (range, 1-18 years). During follow-up period, 51 recurrences occurred (distant metastasis),31 early and 20 late. According to the site of recurrence, there were 51 distant. In this follow-up period, 19patients died. Compared with the early recurrence group, the no recurrence group had lower lymph nodeinvolvement and more p53 positive lesions but the late recurrence group had lower tumor size. In comparisonto no recurrence, p53 (odds ratio [OR] 6.94, 95% CI 1.49-32.16) was a significant prognostic factor for earlyrecurrence within 5 years. Conclusions: Tumor size, p53 and LN metastasis are the most important risk factorsfor distance recurrence especially in early recurrence and also between of them, p53 is significant prognosticfactor for early recurrence.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Recurrence,p53,tumor size}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31462.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31462_cbab04e2a04753e0cb4e8f41bae0fa26.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Propolis from the Stingless Bee Trigona incisa from East Kalimantan, Indonesia, Induces In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Cancer Cell lines}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6581-6589}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Previously, stingless bee (Trigona spp.) products from East Kalimantan, Indonesia, weresuccessfully screened for in vitro antiproliferative activity against human cancer derived cell lines. It wasestablished that propolis from T. incisa presented the highest in vitro cytotoxicity against the SW620 coloncancer cell line (6% cell survival in 20 μg/mL). Materials and Methods: Propolis from T. incisa was extractedwith methanol and further partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The in vitro cytotoxicity ofthe extracts was assessed by the MTT assay against human colon (SW620), liver (Hep-G2), gastric (KATO-III),lung (Chago) and breast (BT474) cancer derived cell lines. The active fractions were further enriched by silicagel quick column, absorption and size exclusion chromatography. The purity of each fraction was checked bythin layer chromatography. Cytotoxicity in BT-474 cells induced by cardanol compared to doxorubicin wereevaluated by MTT assay, induction of cell cycle arrest and cell death by flow cytometric analysis of propidiumiodide and annexin-V stained cells. Results: A cardol isomer was found to be the major compound in one activefraction (F45) of T. incisa propolis, with a cytotoxicity against the SW620 (IC50 of 4.51 ± 0.76 μg/mL), KATO-III(IC50 of 6.06 ± 0.39 μg/mL), Hep-G2 (IC50 of 0.71 ± 0.22 μg/mL), Chago I (IC50 of 0.81 ± 0.18 μg/mL) and BT474(IC50 of 4.28 ± 0.14 μg/mL) cell lines. Early apoptosis (programmed cell death) of SW620 cells was induced bythe cardol containing F45 fraction at the IC50 and IC80 concentrations, respectively, within 2-6 h of incubation.In addition, the F45 fraction induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 subphase. Conclusions: Indonesian stingless bee(T. incisa) propolis had moderately potent in vitro anticancer activity on human cancer derived cell lines. Cardolor 5-pentadecyl resorcinol was identified as a major active compound and induced apoptosis in SW620 cells inan early period (≤ 6 h) and cell cycle arrest at the G1 subphase. Thus, cardol is a potential candidate for cancerchemotherapy.}, keywords = {Trigona incisa,propolis,cardol,Apoptosis,cell arrest}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31463.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31463_b74ec7a824de48d1e47edac9f04a2246.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Ki-67 Labeling Indices in ‘Classic’ versus ‘Blastoid’ Mantle Cell Lymphomas - Proposed Cutoff Values for Routine Diagnostic Workup}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6591-6594}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is a unique entity of peripheral B-cell lymphoma that has a discretemorphologic, immunologic, and genetic phenotype, with more common ‘classic’ and less frequent ‘blastoid’and ‘pleomorphic’ variants, associated with an aggressive clinical course. The aim of this study was to analyzeproliferation (Ki-67) indices of ‘classic’ (c-MCL) and ‘blastoid’ (b-MCL) variants of a cohort of MCL and tosuggest cut off values for the Ki-67 proliferation index in these two subsets. Materials and Methods: MCL casesdiagnosed over 4 ½ years at Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi were retrieved and reviewed. Ki-67 labelling was scored and analysed.Results: A total of 90 of cases of MCL were scrutinized. Mean age ± SD was 60.2 ± 12.5 years and the male tofemale ratio was 4:1, with 67 (75%) cases of c-MCL and 23 (25%) cases of b-MCL. Most samples were lymph nodebiopsies (n=68), whereas the remainder were from various extranodal sites The mean Ki-67 proliferation indexwas 29.5% ± 14.4% in classic variants and 64.4 ± 15.2% for the blastoid variant, the difference being statisticallysignificant (p = 0.029). Conclusions: It was concluded that differential cut-off values of Ki-67 labeling may beused in more objective way to reliably classify MCL into classic or blastoid variants by diagnostic pathologists.We propose a < 40 proliferative index to be suggestive of c-MCL and one of > 50 for the blastoid variant.}, keywords = {Mantle cell lymphoma,Classic,blastoid,Ki-67 labelling index}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31464.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31464_8def1633e5c355898a858e881be4cf36.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinical Study on Lobaplatin Combined with 5-Fu and Concurrent Radiotherapy in Treating Patients with Inoperable Esophageal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6595-6597}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate short- and long-term treatment effects and side reactions of lobaplatin plus 5-Fucombined and concurrent radiotherapy in treating patients with inoperable middle-advanced stage esophagealcancer. Methods: Sixty patients with middle-advanced stage esophageal squamous cell cancer were retrospectivelyanalyzed. All patients were administered lobaplatin (50 mg intravenously) for 2 h on day 1, and 5-Fu (500 mg/m2)injected intravenously from day 1 to 5 for 1 cycle, in an interval of 21 days for totally 4 cycles. At the same time,late-course accelerated hyperfractionated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was performed. Patientswere firstly treated with conventional fractionated irradiation (1.8 Gy/d, 5 times/week, a total of 23 treatments,and DT41.4 Gy), and then treated with accelerated hyperfractionated irradiation (1.5 Gy, 2 times/d, a totalof 27 Gy in 9 days, an entire course of 6-7 weeks, and DT 68.4Gy). Results: All patients completed treatment,including 10 complete response (CR), 41 partial response (PR), 7 stable disease (SD), and 2 progressive disease(PD). The total effective rate was 85.0% (51/60). Thirty-nine patients had an increased KPS score. One-, 2-, and3-year survival rates were 85.3%, 57.5%, and 41.7%, respectively. The median survival time was 27 months.The adverse reactions included myelosuppression, which was mainly degreeⅠ and Ⅱ. The occurrence rate ofradiation esophagitis was 17.5%. No significant hepatic or renal toxicity was observed. Conclusion: Lobaplatinplus 5-Fu combined with concurrent radiotherapy is safe and effective in treating patients with middle-advancedstage esophageal cancer. However, this result warrants further evaluation by randomized clinical studies.}, keywords = {Lobaplatin - 5-Fu,concurrent radiochemotherapy - esophageal cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31465.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31465_3f068edfde73a87ddb829644e3afdc0d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Creatine Kinase (CK)-MB-to-Total-CK Ratio: a Laboratory Indicator for Primary Cancer Screening}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6599-6603}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: For the determination of creatine kinase (CK)-MB, the immunoinhibition method is utilizedmost commonly. However, the estimated CK-MB activity may be influenced by the presence of CK isoenzymesin some conditions like cancer. Thus, a CK-MB-to-total-CK ratio more than 1.0 could be found in such asituation. The study aimed to explore the relationship of cancer to high CK-MB-to-total-CK ratio. Materialsand Methods: From January 2011 to December 2014, laboratory data on all CK-MB and total CK test requestswere extracted at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital (88,415 requests). Patients with a CK-MB-to-total-CK ratiomore than 1.0 were registered in this study. Clinical data including tumor location, tumor TNM stage andmetastatic status were also collected. Results: A total of 846 patients were identified with a CK-MB-to-total-CKratio more than 1.0. Of these, 339 (40.1%) were diagnosed with malignancies. The mean CK-MB-to-total-CKratio was significantly higher in malignancy than in non-malignancy (1.35±0.28 vs 1.25±0.23, p<0.001) groups.The most frequent malignancy with a CK-MB-to-total-CK ratio more than 1.0 was colorectal cancer (1.42±0.28,16.5%, n=56), followed by lung cancer (1.38±0.24, 15.9%, n=54) and hepatocellular carcinoma (14.5%, n=49).Higher CK-MB-to-total-CK ratios in hematological malignancies (1.44±0.41)were also noted. Additionally, theCK-MB-to-total-CK ratio was markedly higher in advanced stage malignancy than in early stage (1.37±0.26vs. 1.29±0.31, p=0.014) and significantly higher in liver metastasis than in non-liver metastasis (1.48±0.30 vs.1.30±0.21, p<0.001). Conclusions: The CK-MB-to-total-CK ratio is an easily available indicator and could beclinically utilized as a primary screening tool for cancer. Higher ratio of CK-MB-to-total-CK was specificallyassociated with certain malignancies, like colorectal cancer, lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, as wellas some cancer-associated status factors such as advanced stage and liver metastasis.}, keywords = {Creatine kinase,cancer,tumor biomarker,CK-MB-to-total-CK ratio}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31466.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31466_92a33de1b2df1700b2297167f4f3afc7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Information Engineering and Workflow Design in a Clinical Decision Support System for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6605-6608}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Colorectalcancer screening is an optimal way for reducing of morbidity and mortality and a clinical decision support system(CDSS) plays an important role in predicting success of screening processes. DSS is a computer-based informationsystem that improves the delivery of preventive care services. The aim of this article was to detail engineering ofinformation requirements and work flow design of CDSS for a colorectal cancer screening program. Materials andMethods: In the first stage a screening minimum data set was determined. Developed and developing countrieswere analyzed for identifying this data set. Then information deficiencies and gaps were determined by checklist. The second stage was a qualitative survey with a semi-structured interview as the study tool. A total of 15users and stakeholders’ perspectives about workflow of CDSS were studied. Finally workflow of DSS of controlprogram was designed by standard clinical practice guidelines and perspectives. Results: Screening minimumdata set of national colorectal cancer screening program was defined in five sections, including colonoscopy dataset, surgery, pathology, genetics and pedigree data set. Deficiencies and information gaps were analyzed. Thenwe designed a work process standard of screening. Finally workflow of DSS and entry stage were determined.Conclusions: A CDSS facilitates complex decision making for screening and has key roles in designing optimalinteractions between colonoscopy, pathology and laboratory departments. Also workflow analysis is useful toidentify data reconciliation strategies to address documentation gaps. Following recommendations of CDSSshould improve quality of colorectal cancer screening.}, keywords = {Clinical decision support system,colorectal cancer,Screening program,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31467.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31467_c1400a28a0ebaa4de5af0a6982b68044.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-10 at Invasive Front of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Verrucous Carcinoma in the Oral Cavity}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6609-6613}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc metalloproteinases capable of degradingcomponents of connective tissues. MMP-10 is frequently expressed in human cancers. The aim of this studywas to immunohistochemically evaluate its expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and verrucouscarcinoma (OVC). Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 73 samples (31 OSCC, 22 OVC and 20non-neoplastic epithelium) was performed. All samples were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonalMMP-10 antibody and expression levels and staining intensity were evaluated with respect to microscopicfeatures. Data were analyzed by SPSS (V.21), Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: MMP-10 wasdetected in all OSCC and OVC cases. The expression of MMP-10 in OSCC was intensive (score 3) and in OVCwas low and moderate (score 1 and score 2) more frequently. Non- neoplastic epithelium did not show MMP-10expression. Differences between groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). However, the expression of MMP-10 was not obviously different between various grades of OSCC. Conclusions: According to our study, MMP-10protein can be important possible factor in the transformation of normal oral epithelium to OVC and OSCC,also the level of MMP-10 expression at invasion front of the lesions can be helpful in the differentiation of OVCand OSCC.}, keywords = {MMP-10,oral squamous cell carcinoma,oral verrucous carcinoma,immunohistochemistry}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31468.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31468_e29596bf1eea61393a6996f438c388f7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Possible Role of HER-2 in the Progression of Prostate Cancer from Primary Tumor to Androgen Independence}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6615-6619}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The expression of HER-2 in prostate cancer has been linked to disease progression. We analysedthe presence of HER-2 expression in primary tumors in men undergoing radical prostatectomy, its associationwith clinical and pathological findings, and its expression in secondary circulating prostate cells (CPCs) duringfollow up, as well as links with biochemical failure and the effects of androgen blockade. Materials and Methods:Consecutive men undergoing radical prostatectomy for histologically confirmed prostate cancer were analyzed.HER-2 expression in the primary tumor was assessed using the HercepTest®, CPCs were identified from bloodsamples using standard immunocytochemistry with anti-PSA and positive samples with the HercepTest® todetermine HER-2 expression. The influence of HER-2 expression on the frequency of biochemical failure andeffects of androgen blockade was determined. Results: 144 men with a mean age of 64.8±10.3 years participated,with a median follow up of 8.2 years. HER-2 was expressed in 20.8% of primary tumors; it was associated withvascular infiltration and older age, but not with other clinical pathological findings. Some 40.3% of men hadsecondary CPCs detected, of which 38% expressed HER-2. Men CPC (+) had a higher frequency of biochemicalfailure, but there was no difference in HER-2 expression of CPCs with the frequency of biochemical failure. Afterandrogen blockade, men with HER-2 (+) positive secondary CPCs had a higher frequency of disease progressionto castrate resistant disease. Conclusions: HER-2 plays a dual role in the progression of prostate cancer; firstlyit may increase the potential of tumor cells to disseminate from the primary tumor via the blood by increasingvascular infiltration. In the presence of androgens, there is no survival advantage of expressing HER-2, but oncebiochemical failure has occurred and androgen blockade started, HER-2 positive cells are resistant to treatment,survive and grow leading to castration resistant disease.}, keywords = {Prostate Cancer,Her-2,circulating prostate cells,biochemical failure,castrate resistant}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31469.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31469_4c909fedb6ce30a768cb7479b045b492.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Metformin Addition to Chemotherapy in Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: an Open Label Randomized Controlled Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6621-6626}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Purpose: To evaluate effects of metformin on clinical outcome of non-diabetic patients with stage IV NSCLC.Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, open-label, controlled pilot study was conducted on patientswith stage IV NSCLC with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) of 0-2,excluding patients with diabetes and lactic acidosis. Thirty chemo-naïve, non-diabetic patients with stage IVNSCLC were enrolled. Fifteen patients received intravenous gemcitabine/cisplatin regimen alone (arm B) whilefifteen patients received the same regimen plus daily oral metformin 500mg (arm A). The effect of metformin onchemotherapy-response rates, survival, and adverse events in these patients was evaluated. Results: Objectiveresponse rate (ORR) and median overall survival (OS) in arms A and B were 46.7% versus 13.3% respectively,p=0.109 and 12 months versus 6.5 months, respectively, p=0.119. Median progression free survival (PFS) inarms A and B was 5.5 months versus 5 months, p=0.062. No significant increase in toxicity was observed in armA versus arm B. Percentage of patients who experienced nausea was significantly lower in arm A versus armB, at 26.7% versus 66.7% respectively, p=0.028. Conclusions: Metformin administration reduced occurrenceof chemotherapy induced-nausea. Non-statistically significant improvements in the ORR or OS were observed.Metformin had no effect on PFS.}, keywords = {Metformin,Lung cancer,survival,mTOR,non-small cell}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31470.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31470_79c12403c9801f0e3d679d4cae80cf94.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Decitabine in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Which Combined with Complex Karyotype Respectively}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6627-6632}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: We conducted a study exploring the clinical safety and efficacy of decitabine in patients withacute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), combined with a complex karyotype.Materials and Methods: From April 2009 to September 2013, a total of 35 patients with AML/MDS combinedwith a complex karyotype diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included forretrospective analysis. All patients were treated with decitabine alone (20mg/m2 daily for 5 days) or combinationAAG chemotherapy (Acla 20mg qod*4d, Ara-C 10mg/m2 q12h*7d, G-CSF 300μg qd, the dose of G-CSF adjustedto the amount in blood routinely). Results: In 35 patients, 15 exhibited a complete response (CR), and 6 a partialresponse (PR), the overall response rate (CR+PR) being 60% (21 of 35). Median disease-free survival was 18months and overall survival was 14 months. In the 15 MDS patients with a complex karyotype, the CR rate was53.3% (8 of 15); in 20 AML patients with complex karyotype, the overall response rate was 65% (13 of 20). Theresponse rate of decitabine alone (22 cases) was 56.5% (13 of 22), while in the combination chemotherapy group(13 cases), the effective rate was 61.5% (8 of 13)(P>0.05). There are 15 patients with chromosome 7 aberration,after treatment with decitabine, 7 CR, 3 PR, overall response rate was 66.7% (10 of 15). Of 18 patients with 3 to5 kinds of chromosomal abnormalities, 66.7% demonstrated a response; of 17 with more than 5 chromosomalabnormalities, 52.9% had a response. In the total of 35 patients, with one course (23 patients) and ≥two courses(12 patients), the overall response rate was 40.9% and 92.3% (P<0.05). Grade Ⅲ to IV hematological toxicitywas observed in 27 cases (75%). Grade Ⅲ to IV infections were clinically documented in 7 (20%). Grades Ⅰ toⅡ non-hematological toxicity were infections (18 patients), haematuria (2 patients), and bleeding (3 patients).With follow-up until September 2013, 7 patients were surviving, 18 had died and 10 were lost to follow-up. Inthe 6 cases who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) all were still relapse-freesurvivors. Conclusions: Decitabine alone or combination with AAG can improve outcome of AML/MDS witha complex karyotype, there being no significant difference decitabine in inducing remission rates in patientswith different karyotype. Increasing the number of courses can improve efficiency. This approach with fewertreatment side effects in patients with a better tolerance should be employed in order to create an improvedsubsequent chance for HSCT.}, keywords = {Decitabine,complex karyotype,Myelodysplastic syndrome,acute myeloid leukemia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31471.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31471_ea60a7af25b71576682070da908a1455.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Lived Experience among Patients Newly Diagnosed with Lung Adenocarcinoma Stage IV within One Year}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6633-6638}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: lung cancer (LC) is the fifth of the 10 leading causes of death in the world. LC is in first placefor cancer-related mortality for both males and females in Taiwan. It is one of the most difficult cancers to treatand is often diagnosed at a late stage. Patients with stage IV are often unprepared for the diagnosis. Materialsand Methods: To explore lived experience among patients newly diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma stage IVwithin one year. Results: Twelve participants were recruited in this study. Content analysis of the interviewsrevealed four themes: (1) emotional roller coaster, (2) trying to find out causes, (3) adjusting my lifestyle, and(4) cancer fighter. Conclusions: This study provides new insight into the experiences of lung cancer patients ywith newly diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma stage 4. These results will inform future supportive care servicedevelopment and intervention research for patients with advanced stage cancer.}, keywords = {Lung cancer,adenocarcinoma,advanced stage,qualitative experience,Taiwan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31472.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31472_0c33e0484c5809c0f25d70f17e53694f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Correlation between Microvascular Density and Matrix Metalloproteinase 11 Expression in Prostate Cancer Tissues: a Preliminary Study in Thailand}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6639-6643}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Prostate cancer is a major concern of public health. Microvascular density (MVD) is one of theprognostic markers for various solid cancers. Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11) plays an important role inangiogenesis and changes in its expression level are known to be associated with tumor progression and clinicaloutcome. Aim: To investigate the relationship between MVD and MMP11 expression in prostatic adenocarcinomatissues. Materials and Methods: The expression levels of MMP11 and MVD were analyzed immunohistochemicallyfor 50 specimens of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Results: MMP11 was mainly expressed in stromal cells but rarelyseen in epithelial cells. Mean MVD was 36/mm2, and it was correlated significantly only with bone metastases.MVD was also significantly correlated with MMP11 expression (r=0.29, p=0.044). Conclusions: MMP11 mayalter the stromal microenvironment of prostate cancer to stimulate tumor angiogenesis.}, keywords = {Matrix metalloproteinase 11,prostatic adenocarcinoma,Microvascular Density angiogenesis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31473.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31473_a733f033132fee8592fcf781bf93b29f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Helicobacter pylori cag Pathogenicity Island cagL and orf17 Genotypes Predict Risk of Peptic Ulcerations but not Gastric Cancer in Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6645-6650}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cancer regarding mortality in the world. Thecag pathogenicity island (PAI) of Helicobacter pylori which contains genes associated with a more aggressivephenotype may involve in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disease. We here aimed to examine the associationsof cagH, cagL, orf17, and cagG genotypes of H. pylori cag PAI with severe gastrointestinal disease. Materialsand Methods: A total of 242 H. pylori strains were genotyped. Histopathological examination and classificationof subjects were performed. Results: The frequencies of the cagH, cagL, cagG, and orf17 genotypes were 40/54(74.1%), 53/54 (98.1%), 38/54 (70.4%), and 43/54 (79.6%), respectively, in patients with peptidic ulceration(PU),while in the control group, the frequencies were 87/147 (59.6%) for cagH, 121/146 (82.9%) for cagL, 109/146(74.7%) for cagG, and 89/146 (61.0%) for orf17. The results of simple logistic regression analysis showed that thecagL and orf17 genotypes were significantly associated with an increased risk of PU not GC; the ORs (95% CI)were 10.950 (1.446-82.935), and 2.504 (1.193-5.253), respectively. No significant association was found betweenthe cagH and cagG genotypes and the risk of both the PU and the GC in Iran (P>0.05). Finally, multiple logisticregression analysis showed that the cagL genotype was independently and significantly associated with the ageandsex-adjusted risk for PU; the OR (95% CI) was 9.557 (1.219-17.185). Conclusions: We conclude that theorf17 and especially cagL genotypes of H. pylori cag PAI could be factors for risk prediction of PU, but not GCin Iran.}, keywords = {H. pylori,cag PAI,Genotype,peptic ulceration,Gastric cancer,prediction,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31474.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31474_cfdcd317fc02146704b6ef30cb52d572.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {In Vitro Apoptosis Triggering in the BT-474 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line by Lyophilised Camel’s Milk}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6651-6661}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast cancer is a global health concern and is a major cause of death among women. In Oman, it is themost common cancer in women, with an incidence rate of 15.6 per 100,000 Omani females. Various anticancerremedies have been discovered from natural products in the past and the search is continuing for additionalexamples. Cytotoxic natural compounds may have a major role in cancer therapy either in potentiating theeffect of chemotherapy or reducing its harmful effects. Recently, a few studies have reported advantages of usingcrude camel milk in treating some forms of cancer. However, no adequate data are available on the lyophilisedcamel’s milk responsibility for triggering apoptosis and oxidative stress associated with human breast cancer.The present study aimed to address the role of the lyophilised camel’s milk in inducing proliferation repressionof BT-474 and HEp-2 cells compared with the non-cancer HCC1937 BL cell line. Lyophilized camel’s milkfundamentally repressed BT-474 cells growth and proliferation through the initiation of either the intrinsic andextrinsic apoptotic pathways as indicated by both caspase-3 mRNA and its action level, and induction of deathreceptors in BT-474 but not the HEp-2 cell line. In addition, lyophilised camel’s milk enhanced the expressionof oxidative stress markers, heme-oxygenase-1 and reactive oxygen species production in BT-474 cells. Increasein caspase-3 mRNA levels by the lyophilised camel’s milk was completely prevented by the actinomycin D,a transcriptional inhibitor. This suggests that lyophilized camel’s milk increased newly synthesized RNA.Interestingly,it significantly (p<0.003) repressed the growth of HEp-2 cells and BT-474 cells after treatment for72 hours while 24 hours treatment repressed BT-474 cells alone. This finding suggests that the lyophilised camel’smilk might instigate apoptosis through initiation of an alternative apoptotic pathway.}, keywords = {breast cancer,camel’s milk,anticancer activity,Zymography,Oman}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31475.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31475_15d882484a9806747941b5e557123538.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {High Expression of Lung Resistance Protein mRNA at Diagnosis Predicts Poor Early Response to Induction Chemotherapy in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6663-6668}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Treatment failure in leukemia is due to either pharmacokinetic resistance or cell resistanceto drugs. Materials and Methods: Gene expression of multiple drug resistance protein (MDR-1), multidrugresistance-related protein (MRP) and low resistance protein (LRP) was assessed in 45 pediatric ALL cases and 7healthy controls by real time PCR. The expression was scored as negative, weak, moderate and strong. Results:The male female ratio of cases was 2.75:1 and the mean age was 5.2 years. Some 26/45 (58%) were in standardrisk, 17/45(38%) intermediate and 2/45 (4%) in high risk categorie, 42/45 (93%) being B-ALL and recurrenttranslocations being noted in 5/45 (11.0%). Rapid early response (RER) at day 14 was seen in 37/45 (82.3%)and slow early response (SER) in 8/45 (17.7%) cases. Positive expression of MDR-1, LRP and MRP was notedin 14/45 (31%), 15/45 (33%) and 27/45 (60%) cases and strong expression in 3/14 (21%), 11/27 (40.7%) and 8/15(53.3%) cases respectively. Dual or more gene positivity was noted in 17/45 (38%) cases. 46.5 % (7/15) of LRPpositive cases at day 14 were in RER as compared to 100% (30/30) of LRP negative cases (p<0.05). All 8 (100%)LRP positive cases in SER had strong LRP expression (p=<0.05). Moreover, only 53.3% of LRP positive caseswere in haematological remission at day 30 as compared to 100% of LRP negative cases (p=<0.05). Conclusions:Our study indicated that increased LRP expression at diagnosis in pediatric ALL predicts poor response to earlytreatment and hence can be used as a prognostic marker. However, larger prospective studies with longer followup are needed, to understand the clinical relevance of drug resistance proteins.}, keywords = {ALL,Chemotherapy,drug resistance proteins,Pediatric,Response}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31476.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31476_b611f14c0f87807961c6b388c9110fd4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Poor Knowledge and Practice Towards Breast Cancer among Women in Baghdad City, Iraq}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6669-6672}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among females worldwide. The aim of thisstudy was to assess the knowledge and practice about breast cancer and its related factors among women inBaghdad city, Iraq. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 508 women aged18 to 55 years from four non-governmental organizations (NGO) in Baghdad city, Iraq. A self-administeredquestionnaire on breast cancer knowledge and practice was distributed to participants during weekly activityof the NGO. Results: A total of 61.2% of the respondents had poor knowledge, only 30.3% performed breastself-examination (BSE) and 41.8% said that they did not know the technique to perform BSE. Associationsbetween knowledge and marital status and age were significant. For practice, working status, education, ageand family income were significant. After controlling for cofounders, the most important contributing factorsfor poor knowledge among respondents were marital status and not performing BSE, with adjusted odds ratioof 1.6 and 1.8 respectively. Conclusions: Breast cancer knowledge and practice of BSE are poor among womenin Baghdad city, Iraq. More promotion regarding breast cancer signs and symptoms and also how to performBSE should be conducted using media such as television and internet as these constituted the main sources ofinformation for most women in our study.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Knowledge,Practice,BSE,Baghdad city,Iraq}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31477.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31477_974e2439feecc6f335434cc7114c4af3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Male Breast Cancer: 20 Years Experience of a Tertiary Hospital from the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6673-6679}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Male breast cancer is a rare neoplasm, and its treatments are based on those of female breastcancer. This study aimed to analyze 20 years of male breast cancer clinical characteristics and treatment resultsfrom the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 16 male breastcancer patients treated in our tertiary hospital between 1994 and 2014 was performed. Epidemiologic data, tumorcharacteristics, and treatments were recorded and compared with 466 female breast cancer ((premenopausal; n= 230) + (postmenopausal n = 236)) patients. The 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates were calculated.Results: Male breast cancer constituted 0.1% of all malignant neoplasms in both sexes, 0.2% of all malignantneoplasms in males, and 0.7% of all breast cancers. The mean patient age in this study was 59.8 ± 9.5 (39-74)years. The mean time between first symptom and diagnosis was 32.4 ± 5.3 (3-60) months. Histology revealedinfiltrative ductal carcinoma in 81.3% of patients. The most common detected molecular subtype was luminalA, in 12 (75%) patients. Estrogen receptor rate (93.8%) in male breast cancer patients was significantly higherthan that in female breast cancer (70.8% in all females, p = 0.003; 68.2% in postmenopausal females, p = 0.002)patients. Most of the tumors (56.3%) were grade 2. Tumor stage was T4 in 50% of males. The majority (56.3%)of the patients were stage III at diagnosis. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and endocrine-therapy wereapplied to 62.5%, 62.5%, 81.2% and 73.3%, respectively. Loco-regional failure did not occur in any of thecases. All recurrences were metastastic. The 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates in male breast cancerpatients were 58% and 68%, respectively. Conclusions: Tumors found in male breast cancer patients were similarin size to tumors found in females, but they advanced to T4 stage more rapidly because of the lack of breastparenchymal tissues. The rate of estrogen receptor expression tended to be higher in male breast cancer patientsthan in female breast cancer patients. Metastasis is the most important problem in initially non-metastatic malebreast cancer patients.}, keywords = {Epidemiology,Male breast cancer,Pathology,Treatment outcome,Turkey}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31478.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31478_4cfbe5d509e896eae235cbf6d7907554.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Tumors Involving Skin, Soft Tissue and Skeletal Muscle: Benign, Primary Malignant or Metastatic?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6681-6684}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Metastatic cancer with invasion of skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscle is not common. Examplespresenting as soft tissue masses could sometimes lead to misdiagnosis with delayed or inappropriate management.The purpose of current study was to investigate clinical characteristics in the involvement of metastatic cancer.Materials and Methods: A total of 1,097 patients complaining of skin or soft tissue masses and/or lesions wereretrospectively reviewed from January 2012 to June 2013. Tumors involving skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscleof head and neck, chest wall, abdominal wall, pelvic region, back, upper and lower extremities were includedin the study. Results: Fifty-seven (5.2%) patients were recognized as having malignancies on histopathologicalexamination. The most common involvement of malignancy was basal cell carcinoma, followed by cutaneoussquamous cell carcinoma, sarcoma and melanoma. The most common anatomical location in skin and soft tissuemalignancies was head and neck (52.6% of the malignancies). Four (0.36%) of the malignant group were identifiedas metastatic cancer with the primary cancer source from lung, liver and tonsil and the most common site wasupper extremities. One of them unexpectedly expired during the operation of metastatic tumor excision at thescalp. Conclusions: Discrimination between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors is crucial. Performanceof imaging study could assist in the differential diagnosis and the pre-operative risk evaluation of metastatictumors involving skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscle.}, keywords = {Skeletal muscle tumor,skin tumor,soft tissue metastasis,subcutaneous tumor}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31479.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31479_89e40a8d3d078348c641cea94b7758c5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {CHRNA5 rs16969968 Polymorphism Association with Risk of Lung Cancer - Evidence from 17,962 Lung Cancer Cases and 77,216 Control Subjects}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6685-6690}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Genetic studies have shown a possible relationship between the rs16969968 polymorphism inCHRNA5 and the risk of lung cancer. However, the results have been conflicting. Thus we rigorously conducteda meta-analysis to clarify any association. Materials and Methods: A total of 10 case-control studies involving17,962 lung cancer cases and 77,216 control subjects were analysed. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidenceintervals (CIs) were used to measure the strength of the association. Results: We found the CHRNA5 rs16969968polymorphism to be associated with the risk of lung cancer (AA vs GG: OR=1.60, 95%CI=1.51-1.71). On stratifiedanalysis by smoking status, a statistically significant increased risk was observed in the smoking group (AA vsGG: OR=1.80, 95%CI=1.61-2.01). However, this polymorphism was not associated with lung cancer risk inAsians (AA vs GG: OR=0.95, 95%CI=0.35-2.59), whereas it was linked to increased risk of lung cancer amongCaucasians (AA vs GG: OR=1.65, 95%CI=1.55-1.76). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis provided statisticalevidence for a strong association between rs16969968 polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer, especially insmokers and Caucasians. Application of this relationship may contribute to identification of individuals at highrisk of lung cancer and indicate a chemoprevention target.}, keywords = {rs16969968,Polymorphism,Lung cancer,CHRNA5,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31480.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31480_891e8e6db06fc6950eb27dffe12f778d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Accuracy of Sentinel Node in Detecting Lymph Node Metastasis in Primary Endometrial Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6691-6696}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer and its treatment is stillcontroversial, especially in its early stages. There are conflicting data about the efficacy of retroperitoneallymphadenectomy during abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophrectomy treatment.Lymphadenectomy carries a risk of severe complications, especially in women with co-morbidities. Selectivelymphadenectomy has been widely employed for staging evaluation of endometrial carcinoma because it is simpleand seems to provide reliable data regarding nodal metastasis. This study was designed to evaluate accuracy ofsentinel node sampling in detecting lymph node metastasis in primary endometrial carcinoma during staginglaparotomy. Materials and Methods: Ninety-three women with endometrial carcinoma at high-risk for nodalmetastasis were studied. During laparotomy, methylene blue dye was injected into sub-serosal myometrium, thenretroperitoneal spaces were opened and blue lymph nodes within pelvic and para-aortic regions were removed asseparate specimens for histopathological examination (sentinel lymph nodes = SLNs). Hysterectomy and selectivelymphadenectomy then performed for all women included in this study. Results: Deposition of methylene dyeinto at least one lymph node was observed in 73.1% (68/93) of studied cases. 18.3% (17/93) of studied womenhad positive lymph node metastasis and 94.1% (16/17) of them had positive metastasis in SLNs. In this study,SNLs had 94.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity in prediction of lymph node metastasis. Mean number of lymphnodes removed from each case decreased when SLNs biopsy were taken. Conclusions: SLNs are the key lymphnodes in endometrial tumor metastasis and their involvement could be an indicator for whether or not completesystematic lymphadenectomy is needed during staging laparotomy.}, keywords = {Sentinel Lymph Node,Endometrial,Carcinoma,lymph nodemetastasis,prediction}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31481.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31481_366e68c7539ccd1839efabc1f2ac3dd8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Differences in Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Rates in Jordan among Women from Different Socioeconomic Strata: Analysis of the 2012 Population-Based Household Survey}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6697-6704}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The burden of breast and cervical cancer is changing over time in developing countries. Regularscreening is very important for early detection and treatment. In this study, we assessed inequalities in breastand cervical cancer screening rates in women according to household wealth status, and analyzed the potentialpredictors associated with a low cancer screening rate in Jordan. Materials and Methods: A nationwide populationbasedcross-sectional survey collected information on different variables at the national level. All ever-marriedwomen (the phrase is used throughout the text to refer to women who had ever married) aged 15–49 years wereincluded in the survey. Analysis of breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) at leastonce in the previous year was carried out in 11,068 women, while lifetime Pap-smear testing was carried outin 8,333 women, aged 20-49 years. Results: Over 39% and 19% of ever-married Jordanian women reportedhaving undergone a breast examination during the previous year and Pap smear examination at least once intheir lifetime, respectively. The rate of BSE in the previous year was 31.5%, that of CBE in the previous yearwas 19.3%, and that of Pap smear examination at least once in life was 25.5%. The adjusted OR was higher forperforming BSE (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04–1.43), undergoing CBE (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08–1.60) and undergoingPap smear examination (aOR 2.38, 95% CI 1.92–2.93) among women in the highest wealth-index quintile ascompared to those in the lowest quintile. The concentration index was 0.11 for BSE, 0.01 for CBE, and 0.27for Pap smear examination. Women in their twenties, living in rural or the southern region of Jordan, with anelementary school education or less, who listened to the radio or read the newspaper not more than a few times ayear, and nulliparous women were less likely to undergo breast and cervical cancer screening. Conclusions: Therates of breast and cervical cancer screening are low in Jordan. Reducing the sociodemographic and economicinequalities in breast and cervical cancer screenings requires concerted outreach activities for women livingunder socially deprived conditions.}, keywords = {Breast self-examination,Clinical Breast Examination,cervical cancer,cancer screening,Jordan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31482.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31482_c40ee00999f55aa984c8526622436e00.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Incidence and Clinical Characteristic of Venous Thromboembolism in Gynecologic Oncology Patients attending King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital over a 10 Year Period}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6705-6709}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) constitute a group of diseases including deep vein thrombosis(DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). They regarded as the second leading cause of death in cancer patients andseveral studies have confirmed that VTEs have a negative impact on survival and recurrent rate in both ovarianand endometrial cancer cases. The incidence of VTEs differs worldwide and depends on several risk factorsincluding race, underlying disease, lifestyle, body weight, BMI and genetic risk factors. There is heterogeneityof DVT rates between Asian and Western countries. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the characterand incidence of VTEs in gynecologic oncology patients in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital over a 10year period. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed with VTEs defined as objectivediagnosis of acute DVT or PE with typical symptoms and signs. Diagnoses were approved byan internist and/or confirmed with imaging studies. Data from both outpatient and inpatient sessions of the affected cases fromJanuary 2004 to December 2013 were extracted. General characteristics of the patients were collected with detailsof the diseases, types of cancer, stage, date of diagnosis of cancer, operative data, treatment outcome, progressionfree survival and overall survival. Results: Thirty cases of VTEs were identified in a total 2,316 gynecologiconcology cases. The incidence of symptomatic VTEs in total gynecologic oncology patients in our institutionis 1.295%. The incidence of VTEs in ovarian cancer patients in our institution was 5.9%. Duration for VTEdetection ranged from 13 months before diagnosis of cancer to 33 months after diagnosis of cancer. Most of theVTE cases were detected in ovarian cancer patients (60%). The most common cell type was adenocarcinoma(moderately to poorly differentiated) which accounted for 26.7% of the cases. The second most common celltype was clear cell carcinoma with 23.3% of the cases. Thirty percent of VTE cases developed before cancer wasdiagnosed, 20% were diagnosed at the same time as cancer detection and fifty percent developed after cancerwas diagnosed. Median disease free survival of the gynecologic oncology patients with VTE was 7.5 months.Median overall survival (OS) was 12 months. Median progession free survivals of DVT and PE groups were11.5 and 5.5 months, respectively. OS of DVT and PE was 12.0 and 11.5 months respectively. Conclusions: Theincidence of VTE in Asian countries is believed to be lower than in European or Western countries. From ourretrospective review, the incidence of VTEs in all types of gynecologic oncology was 1.295%, much lower thanreported in the West. The reason for the lower incidence may genetic differences. Another factor is that VTEin this review was symptomatic, which is less than asymptomatic VTE. More than half of VTEs in this studydeveloped in ovarian cancer patients. The results are compatible with earlier reports that among gynecologicmalignancies, the incidence of VTE is highest in ovarian cancer.}, keywords = {Vvenous thromboembolisms,gynecologic cancer,DVT,PE,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31483.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31483_19d155e8479ac9f1c705d74509eac597.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Insomnia in Cancer - Associations and Implications}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6711-6714}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Insomnia is a common condition in cancer patients. In spite of the high prevalence its associationshave not been well studied. Existing data suggests that insomnia is related to depression and pain. However, theimpact of ongoing chemotherapy on sleep is not investigated. Aim: To study the relationship between insomniaand chemotherapy after analysing confounding variables. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients whovisited New England Oncology Clinic in Tamworth were recruited. Insomnia was assessed with the Bergeninsomnia scale. The Montgomery Asberg Depression rating scale was used to measure depression. Pain wasassessed with the Brief Pain inventory. Chronic medical conditions, type of cancer, side effects to chemotherapy,role of steroids and other drugs were studied as confounders. Results: A total of 56 patients participated in thestudy. Age ranged from 33 to 83 years (mean: 63.6, SD=10.97). There were 29 men and 27 women. 42 patientsreceived at least one form of chemotherapy and 15 were receiving radiotherapy at the time of assessment. Meaninsomnia score was significantly higher in those receiving chemotherapy than in those without chemotherapy(8.92 vs 17.2, two tailed p=0.005, 95% CI=2.63-13.71). There was no significant variation in insomnia scoresin terms of chronic medical condition, type of cancer, psychiatric history, use of steroids or adverse effects ofchemotherapy. However, total insomnia score was correlated with depression rating score (Pearson correlation,r=0.39, p=0.003) and magnitude of pain (r=0.37, p=0.006). On regression analysis only pain was found to bepredictive of insomnia. Conclusions: Insomnia in patients with cancer is found to be associated with concurrentchemotherapy and correlated with degree of depression and pain. Identifying factors related to insomnia incancer population has implications in its management and patient education.}, keywords = {insomnia,Chemotherapy,depression,Pain,Management}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31484.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31484_faf3f638373376c7b878c8af9dcbfde9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Descriptive Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancers in Togo}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6715-6717}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The purpose of this study was to provide epidemiological and histological data of thyroidcancers in Togo. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of cases of thyroidcancers diagnosed from 2000 to 2014 (15 years) at the pathology laboratory of the Sylvanus Olympio TeachingHospital of Lomé. All cases of review of a thyroid sample (biopsies, surgical specimens) were collected from thedata records of that laboratory. Results: Thyroid cancers represented 1.1% (7930cases) of all cancers registeredduring the study period. Mean age was 45.4±0.3 years and the proportion of females was 78.3%. We identified92.4% carcinomas and 7.6% lymphomas. Carcinomas were well differentiated in 80 cases and were dominatedby the papillary type (47 cases). Metastasis was observed in 13% of patients. The pTNM classification evaluatedin 18 cases showed a predominance of grade I (13 cases). Lymphomas were dominated by lymphoma diffuse largeB-cell (5 cases). Conclusions: This study is the first global standard for thyroid cancer pathology in Togo. Thehigh frequency of follicular form suggests an unrecognized iodine deficiency. The improvement of the technicalplatform of the LAP (immunohistochemistry) will increase the diagnosis of rare forms of thyroid cancer.}, keywords = {Thyroid,cancer,Epidemiology,histology,Pathology,Togo}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31485.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31485_374d73243c6bf3bd69a39d277b8da942.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Readability, Suitability and Health Content Assessment of Cancer Screening Announcements in Municipal Newspapers in Japan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6719-6727}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The objective of this study was to assess the readability, suitability, and health content of cancerscreening information in municipal newspapers in Japan. Materials and Methods: Suitability Assessment ofMaterials (SAM) and the framework of Health Belief Model (HBM) were used for assessment of municipalnewspapers that were published in central Tokyo (23 wards) from January to December 2013. Results: The meandomain SAM scores of content, literacy demand, and layout/typography were considered superior. The SAMscores of interaction with readers, an indication of the models of desirable actions, and elaboration to enhancereaders’ self-efficacy were low. According to the HBM coding, messages of medical/clinical severity, of socialseverity, of social benefits, and of barriers of fear were scarce. Conclusions: The articles were generally wellwritten and suitable. However, learning stimulation/motivation was scarce and the HBM constructs were notfully addressed. Practice implications: Articles can be improved to motivate readers to obtain cancer screeningby increasing interaction with readers, introducing models of desirable actions and devices to raise readers’self-efficacy, and providing statements of perceived barriers of fear for pain and time constraints, perceivedseverity, and social benefits and losses.}, keywords = {Patient education material,cancer screening,readability assessment in material,Tokyo newspapers}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31486.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31486_f8cfe3c5afdda16635d56c2e6c75571e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Mortality Characteristic and Prediction of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in China from 1991 to 2013}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6729-6734}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: To analyze the mortality distribution of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China from 1991 to2013, to predict the mortality in the ensuing five years, and to provide evidence for prevention and treatmentof nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma inChina from 1991 to 2013 were used to describe its epidemiological characteristics, such as the change of thestandardized mortality rate, sex and age differences, urban-rural differences. Trend-surface analysis was used tostudy the geographical distribution of the mortality. Curve estimation, time series, gray modeling, and joinpointregression were used to predict the mortality for the ensuing five years in the future. Results: In China, thestandardized mortality rate of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma increased with time from 1996, reaching the peakvalues of 1.45 /105 at the year of 2002, and decreased gradually afterwards. With males being 1.51 times higherthan females, and the city had a higher rate than the rural during the past two decades. The mortality rateincreased from age 40. Geographical analysis showed the mortality rate increased from middle to southern China.Conclusions: The standardized mortality rate of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is falling. The regional diseasecontrol for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma should be focused on Guangdong province of China, and the key targetsfor prevention and treatment are rural men, especially after the age of 40. The mortality of NasopharyngealCarcinoma will decrease in the next five years.}, keywords = {Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,standardized mortality,Geographic distribution,prediction,China}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31487.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31487_80383d290dd8d6778f7be07f4259acd4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Breast Cancer in Surat Thani, a Province in Southern Thailand: Analysis of 2004-2012 Incidence and Future Trends}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6735-6740}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: With the recent epidemiologic transition in Thailand, featuring decreasing incidences ofinfectious diseases along with increasing rates of chronic conditions, cancer is becoming a serious problem forthe country. Breast cancer has the highest incidence rates among females, not only in the southern regions, butthroughout Thailand. Surat Thani is a province in the upper part of Southern Thailand. A study was neededto identify the current burden, and the future trends of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Here we usedcancer incidence data from the Surat Thani Cancer Registry to characterize the incidences of breast cancer.Joinpoint analysis was used to investigate the incidences in the province from 2004 to 2012 and to project futuretrends from 2013 to 2030. Results: Age-standardized incidence rates (world) of breast cancer in the upper partsof Southern Thailand increased from 35.1 to 59.2 cases per 100,000 female population, which is equivalent toan annual percentage change of 4.5-4.8%. Linear drift effects played a role in shaping the increase of incidence.Joinpoint projection suggested that incidence rates would continue to increase in the future with incidence forwomen aged 50 and above, at a higher rate than for women below the age of 50. Conclusions: The current earlydetection measures increase detection rates of early disease. Preparation of a budget for treatment facilities andhuman resources, both in surgical and medical oncology, is essential.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Cancer Incidence,joinpoint,Surat Thani,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31488.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31488_2deb701c1f56091840699c8bfb818290.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Intention to Quit Smoking among Intermediate and Secondary School Students in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6741-6747}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Smoking is one of the most preventable causes of disease and death, including cancer, andquitting at an early age can reduce smoking-related morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to estimate theprevalence and to identify factors affecting the “intention to quit” among intermediate and secondary schoolcurrent cigarette smoker students in Al Madinah city, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This study cohortincluded 307 current smoker students in a school-based survey. The intention to quit and its related determinantswere assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: More than half of the participants were ≥17years, and of male gender (54.7%, 77.9% respectively). An intention to quit smoking was reported in 71.7% ofparticipants, and was been significantly associated with: male gender (OR=3.25, 95% CI=1.65-6.41): age at 1sttrial of smoking. 10-15 years (OR=2.11, 95% CI=1.03-4.32) along with age of ≥15 years (OR=3.10, 95% CI=1.20-7.88); days of smoking in the past 30 days (days <10 (OR=2.31, 95% CI=1.23-4.35) along with days rangingfrom 10-19 days (OR= 3.42, 95% CI=1.18-9.91); knowing that smoking is hazardous to health (OR=3.04, 95%CI=1.42-6.47); and finally, supporting smoking bans in public places (OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.11-3.25). Conclusions:A substantial number of participants were willing to quit smoking. Effective interventions focusing on providinginformation about the hazards of smoking and prohibiting smoking in public places could help initiate theintention to quit among youth smokers.}, keywords = {intention to quit,smoking cessation,Students,Youth,Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31489.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31489_c8cd5bc964d5becf7439d305df2eb99e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Serum Level of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in Patients with Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Clinical Significance}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6749-6751}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Laryngeal cancer is an important malignancy in head and neck area and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) is the most common type accounting for 95% of cases. Increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) indifferent tumors and their correlation with tumor invasiveness has been documented. However, most studieshave evaluated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and few have evaluated serum levels. The aim of current studywas to evaluate serum levels in patients with laryngeal SCC compared to normal subjects and assess any relationwith tumor clinicopathological findings. Materials and Methods: In this case control study, 20 patients with oralSCC and 20 healthy subjects were included. Serum levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were compared between groupsand correlations with findings including grade (T) and node involvement (N) were evaluated. Results: Patientswith laryngeal SCC had significantly higher serum levels of MMP-2 (p=0.01) and MMP-9 (p=0.03) comparedto healthy subjects. Patients with higher T stage (T3,4) had significantly higher MMP-2 (p=0.04) and MMP-9(p=0.01). There was significant positive correlation between serum levels of MMP-2 with T stage (r=0.45, p=0.04)and lymph node involvement (r=0.563, p=0.01) and between levels of MMP-9 with T stage (r=0.527, p=0.01).Conclusions: Our results showed that compared to healthy subjects, both MMP-2 and MMP-9 are significantlyincreased in serum of laryngeal SCC cases. MMP-2 was correlated with lymph node involvement while MMP-9has stronger correlation with T stage compared to MMP-2.}, keywords = {Squamous Cell Carcinoma,Matrix Metalloproteinase 2,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31490.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31490_a0cebeb0043730911777f86a0a014458.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Induction of Apoptosis by Eugenol and Capsaicin in Human Gastric Cancer AGS Cells - Elucidating the Role of p53}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6753-6759}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Loss of function of the p53 gene is implicated in defective apoptotic responses of tumors tochemotherapy. Although the pro-apoptotic roles of eugenol and capsaicin have been amply reported, theirdependence on p53 for apoptosis induction in gastric cancer cells is not well elucidated. The aim of the study wasto elucidate the role of p53 in the induction of apoptosis by eugenol and capsaicin in a human gastric cancer cellline, AGS. Materials and Methods: AGS cells were incubated with or without various concentrations of capsaicinand eugenol for 12 hrs, in the presence and absence of p53 siRNA. Cell cycling, annexin V and expression ofapoptosis related proteins Bax, Bcl-2 ratio, p21, cyt c-caspase-9 association, caspase-3 and caspase-8 were studied.Results: In the presence of p53, capsaicin was a more potent pro-apoptotic agent than eugenol. However, silencingof p53 significantly abrogated apoptosis induced by capsaicin but not that by eugenol. Western blot analysisof pro-apoptotic markers revealed that as opposed to capsaicin, eugenol could induce caspase-8 and caspase-3even in the absence of p53. Conclusions: Unlike capsaicin, eugenol could induce apoptosis both in presence andabsence of functional p53. Agents which can induce apoptosis irrespective of the cellular p53 status have immensescope for development as potential anticancer agents.}, keywords = {Apoptosis,p53,Eugenol,capsaicin,AGS cell line}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31491.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31491_9799edecd0b39c6117deba4202e3b339.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Repairing Facial Soft Tissue Defects by Swelling Anesthesia after Tumor Resection with Narrow Pedicle Flaps}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6761-6763}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aims: To investigate the role of swelling anesthesia in repairing facial soft tissue defects after tumor resectionand temporal superficial artery frontal branch of narrow pedicle flap. Materials and Methods: From January2008 to June 2008, 16 patients from Department of Ophthalmology with eye or eyelid tumors after eyeballremoval of eye and part resection of surrounding soft tissue, undergoing postoperative swelling anesthesiawith superficial temporal artery flap repair to prevent facial soft tissue defect formation and bone exposure,were recruited. Results: In all 16 patients facial soft tissue defect repair had good effects, with limited bleeding,and short operation times. Seven days after surgery, all flaps were in good repair. On postoperative follow-upafter 3 months, flaps showed a similar appearance as with facial tissue. Conclusions: Swelling anesthesia forsuperficial temporoparietal artery frontal branch of narrow pedicle flap to repair soft tissue defect after facialtumor resection is feasible, and is linked with good analgesic effects, high postoperative survival of skin flaps,and good cosmetic effects.}, keywords = {Swelling anesthesia,narrow pedicle skin flap,tumor resection}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31492.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31492_985a98296907b7d0299be4a33bdef52a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Human Recombinant Endostatin Combined with Cisplatin Based Doublets in Treating Patients with Advanced NSCLC and Evaluation by CT Perfusion Imaging}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6765-6768}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aims: To study the effectiveness of human recombinant endostatin injection (Endostar®) combined withcisplatin doublets in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to evaluate outcome by CTperfusion imaging. Methods: From April 2011 to September 2014, 76 patients with advanced NSCLC whowere treated with platinum-based doublets were divided into group A (36 patients) and group B (40 patients).Endostar® 15mg/day was administered 4 days before chemotherapy and combined with chemotherapy from day5 in group A, and combined with chemotherapy from the first day in Group B. Endostar® in the two groups wasinjected intravenously for 14 days. Results: Treatment effectiveness in the two groups differed with statisticalsignificance (p<0.05). Effectiveness evaluated by CT perfusion imaging, BF, BV, MTT and PS also demonstratedsignificant differences (all p<0.05). Adverse reactions in the two groups did not significantly vary (p> 0.05).Conclusions: The response rate with Endostar® administered 4 days before chemotherapy and combined withchemotherapy from day 5 in group A was better than Endostar® combined with chemotherapy from the firstday, and CT perfusion imaging could be a reasonable method for evaluation of patient outcomes.}, keywords = {Advanced NSCLC,platinum containing chemotherapy,CT perfusion imaging}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31493.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31493_d67cac1e94d99f984f5f89568b26e199.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Type-Specific Human Papillomavirus Distribution in Invasive Squamous Cervical Carcinomas in Tunisia and Vaccine Impact}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6769-6772}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: High risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the leading cause of cervical cancer (CC) andPap smear screening has not been successful in preventing CC in Tunisia. HPV vaccination that targets HPV16and 18 offers a new efficient prevention tool. Identification of HPV types in CC is thus essential to determinethe impact of HPV vaccine implementation. The aim of this study is to provide specific data from Tunisia.Materials and Methods: A total of 89 histological confirmed paraffin embedded samples isolated from patientswith CC diagnosed between 2001 and 2011 were collected from five medical centres from Northern and SouthernTunisia. HPV DNA was detected using a nested PCR (MY09/MY11-GP5+/GP6+) and genotyping was assessedusing a reverse blot line hybridisation assay that enables the detection of 32 HPV types. Results: HPV DNA wasdetected in all samples. Twelve high risk types were detected; HPV16 and/or 18 were predominant, accountingtogether for 92.1% of all the CC cases (HPV16: 83.1%). Single infections accounted for 48.8% of the cases andwere mostly linked to HPV 16 (32.6%) and less frequently to HPV 18 (2.4%). The other high risk HPV singleinfections were linked to HPV 35 (4.6%), 45 (4.6%), 58 (2.3%) and 59 (2.3%). Multiple infections with mixingof 2 to 4 genotypes predominately featrued HPV16 and/or 18 with HPV 35 and 45 (96.6 %) and less frequentlywith HPV 59, 40, 66, 73 and 58. There was no statistically significant variation in the relative distribution ofHPV types with age. Conclusions: These results strongly indicate that prophylactic HPV vaccines can have amajor impact in preventing CC in Tunisia}, keywords = {cervical cancer,human papillomavirus,Genotypes,Vaccine,Tunisia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31494.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31494_afa16ae991378056d9d18f8b62611214.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Survival Prognostic Factors of Male Breast Cancer in Southern Iran: a LASSO-Cox Regression Approach}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6773-6777}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {We used to LASSO-Cox method for determining prognostic factors of male breast cancer survival andshowed the superiority of this method compared to Cox proportional hazard model in low sample size setting. Inorder to identify and estimate exactly the relative hazard of the most important factors effective for the survivalduration of male breast cancer, the LASSO-Cox method has been used. Our data includes the information ofmale breast cancer patients in Fars province, south of Iran, from 1989 to 2008. Cox proportional hazard andLASSO-Cox models were fitted for 20 classified variables. To reduce the impact of missing data, the multipleimputation method was used 20 times through the Markov chain Mont Carlo method and the results werecombined with Rubin’s rules. In 50 patients, the age at diagnosis was 59.6 (SD=12.8) years with a minimum of34 and maximum of 84 years and the mean of survival time was 62 months. Three, 5 and 10 year survival were92%, 77% and 26%, respectively. Using the LASSO-Cox method led to eliminating 8 low effect variables andalso decreased the standard error by 2.5 to 7 times. The relative efficiency of LASSO-Cox method compared withthe Cox proportional hazard method was calculated as 22.39. The19 years follow of male breast cancer patientsshow that the age, having a history of alcohol use, nipple discharge, laterality, histological grade and duration ofsymptoms were the most important variables that have played an effective role in the patient’s survival. In suchsituations, estimating the coefficients by LASSO-Cox method will be more efficient than the Cox’s proportionalhazard method.}, keywords = {Cox proportional hazard,high dimension,LASSO,low sample size,male breast cancer survival}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31495.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31495_e71d4d070a82b2d28730b5ef0911d42a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effects of Definitive Chemoradiotherapy on Respiratory Function Tests and Quality of Life Scores During Treatment of Lung Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6779-6782}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Chemoradiotherapy is an important treatment modality for lung cancers. The aim of this studywas to investigate alterations in, as well as the interrelationship between, lung function and quality of life ofpatients receiving chemoradiotherapy due to locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and smallcell lung cancer (SCLC) limited to the thorax. Materials and Methods: The study included patients receivingdefinitive chemoradiotherapy for lung carcinoma. The respiratory function of the patients was assessed bymeasuring forced expiratory volume in 1 s per unit (FEV1) and forced expiratory volume in 1s per unit of vitalcapacity (FEV1/VC) before, in the middle of and after treatment. During the study, EORTC QLQ C30 andLC13 questionnaires developed by the Committee of the European Organization for Research and Treatmentof Cancer (EORTC) were employed to evaluate the quality of life on the same day as respiratory function tests(RFT). Findings: The study included 23 patients in total: 19 (82.6%) diagnosed with NSCLC and 4 (17.4%)with SCLC. The average percentage FEV1 was 55.6±21.8% in the pre-treatment period, 56.2±19.2% in themiddle of treatment and 60.4±22% at the end of treatment. The improvement in functional scores, symptomscores and general health scores during treatment was not statistically significant (P= 0.568, P= 0.734, P= 0.680,P=0.757 respectively). Conclusions: Although this study showed an improvement in respiratory function andquality of life of patients during treatment with thoracic chemoradiotherapy, no statistically significant resultswere obtained. While evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for lung carcinoma, the effects of treatment onrespiratory function and quality of life should be considered.}, keywords = {lung carcinoma,chemoradiotherapy,respiratory function,Quality of Life}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31496.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31496_f370c49d9e9139da1d35e89e6b970baf.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {CYP2D6 Genotype and Risk of Recurrence in Tamoxifen Treated Breast Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6783-6787}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Despite consistent pharmacogenetic effects of CYP2D6 on tamoxifen exposure, there isconsiderable controversy regarding the validity of CYP2D6 as a predictor of tamoxifen outcome. Understandingthe current state of evidence in this area and its limitations is important for the care of patients who requireendocrine therapy for breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 101 patients with breast cancer whoreceived tamoxifen therapy for at least 3 years, were genotyped for common alleles of the CYP2D6 gene bynested-PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR. Patients were classified as extensive or poormetabolizers (PM) based on CYP2D6*4 alleles in 3 different groups according to the menopause, Her2-neustatus, and stage 3. Results: The mean age of the patients with the disease recurrence was 50.8±6.4 and in nonrecurrent patients was 48.2±6.8. In this study 63.3% (n=64) patients were extensive metabolizers and 36.6%(n=37) were poor metabolizers. Sixty four of the 101 patients (63.3%) were Her2-neu positive. For tamoxifentreatedpatients, no statistically significant difference in rate of recurrence observed between CYP2D6 metabolicvariants in stage 3 and post-menopausal patients. However, there was a significant association between CYP2D6genotype and recurrence in tamoxifen-treated Her2-neu positive patients. Compared with other women withbreast cancer, those with Her2-neu positive breast cancer and extensive metabolizer alleles had a decreasedlikelihood of recurrence. Conclusions: This study for the first time demonstrated significant effects of CYP2D6extensive metabolizer alleles on risk of recurrence in Her2-neu positive breast cancer patients receiving adjuvanttamoxifen therapy. Therefore, CYP2D6 metabolism, as measured by genetic variation, can be a predictor ofbreast cancer outcome in Her2-neu positive women receiving tamoxifen.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Tamoxifen,recurrent,menopause,CYP2D6}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31497.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31497_92cc3334bf4fedabb3af2f805a0cfc82.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Expression of ER, PR, C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in Endometrial Carcinoma and their Relationships with the Clinicopathological Features}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6789-6794}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: To analyze the expression of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), C-erbB-2and Ki-67 in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and their relationships with the clinicopathological features. Materialsand Methods: Sixty-seven EC samples, 53 normal endometrial samples and 53 atypical hyperplasia endometrialsamples were all selected in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital from Jun., 2012 to Jun., 2014. The expression ofER, PR, C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in EC tissue, normal endometrial tissue and atypical hyperplasia endometrial tissuewas respectively detected using immunohistochemical SP method. The relationships between the expression of ER,PR, C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 and the patients’ clinicopathological features as well as their correlations in EC tissuewere also analyzed. Results: The positive expression rates of ER and PR in EC tissue were 44.8% and 41.8%,respectively, dramatically lower than in atypical hyperplasia endometrial tissue and normal endometrial tissue(P<0.01). The positive expression rates of C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in EC tissue were 80.6% and 64.2%, respectively,significantly higher than in atypical hyperplasia endometrial tissue and normal endometrial tissue (P<0.01).In EC tissue, the expression of ER and PR was closely associated with the differentiated degrees and depth ofmyometrial invasion (P<0.05), while that of C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 with the clinical staging, differentiated degrees,depth of myometrial invasion and presence or absence of lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Spearman correlationanalysis further displayed that the expression of ER was positively correlated with PR (r=0.393, P=0.001), butnegatively with C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 (r=-0.469, P=0.000; r=-0.329, P=0.007); The expression of PR was negativelycorrelated with C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 (r=-0.273, P=0.025; r=-0.251, P=0.041), but that of C-erbB-2 positivelywith Ki-67 (r=0.342, P=0.005). Conclusions: Abnormal expression of ER, PR, C-erbB2 and Ki-67 might playan important role in endometrial malignant transformation and cell differentiation, so their joint detection islikely to be a comprehensive combination of immune factors, which is of great importance for EC prognosis.}, keywords = {estrogen receptors,progesterone receptors,C-erbB-2,Ki-67,endometrial carcinoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31498.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31498_abe18a650282e4d3bf406397755f2f5e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Spatial and Temporal Epidemiological Assessment of Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Kazakhstan, 1999-2013}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6795-6798}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Breast cancer incidence and mortality in Kazakhstan are considered to be increasing but exact statisticshave hitherto been lacking. The present study was therefore undertaken to retrospectively assess data for thewhole country, accessed from the central registration office, for the period 1999-2013. Age standardized datafor incidence and mortality were generated and compared across age groups. It was determined that duringthe studied period 45,891 new cases of breast cancer were registered and 20,122 women died of this pathology.Average breast cancer incidence and mortality were 37.9±1.10/105 and 16.7±0.20/105 respectively, and theoverall ratio of mortality/incidence (M/I) was 0.44. Incidence tended to increase (T = + 2.3%), and mortalityto decrease (T of =−0.3%). Peaks of incidence and mortality were noted in those aged 60-74 years and 75-84,respectively. Particularly high incidences were established in large cities of Kazakhstan, Astana (46.8±1.80/105)and Almaty (49.7±1.30/105), and high mortality was observed in the Pavlodar region (17.9±0.60/105) and Almatycity (20.1±0.40/105). Considerable variation in the mortality/incidence ratio was noted, suggesting the need formore stress on access to screening and clinical care in some regions of the country.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Incidence,mortality,Trends,age dependence,geographical variation,Kazakhstan}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31499.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31499_7e2cdde401fc21dcb04597f65c643c5b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Cancer Patients, Complementary Medicine and Unmet Needs in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {16}, number = {15}, pages = {6799-6799}, year = {2015}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {}, abstract = { }, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31500.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_31500_915df08c57d0a6250e0af3a0e9364dc2.pdf} }