@article { author = {Tunissiolli, Nathalia Martines and Castanhole-Nunes, Márcia Maria Urbanin and Biselli-Chicote, Patrícia Matos and Pavarino, Érika Cristina and da Silva, Renato and da Silva, Rita de Cássia Martins Alves and Goloni-Bertollo, Eny Maria}, title = {Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Comprehensive Review of Biomarkers, Clinical Aspects, and Therapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {863-872}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.863}, abstract = {  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cause of several deaths related to cancer worldwidely. In early stage, curative treatments such as surgical resection, liver transplant and local ablation can improve the patient ´s survival. However, the disease is detected in advanced stage; moreover some available therapies are restricted to palliative care and local treatment. Early detections of HCC and adequate therapy are crucial to increase survival as well as to improve the patient´s quality of life. Therefore, researchers have been investigating molecular biomarkers with high sensibility and reliability as Golgi 73 protein (GP73), Glypican-3 (GPC3), Osteopontin (OPN), microRNAs and others. MicroRNAs can regulate important pathways on carcinogenesis, as tumor angiogenesis and progression. So, they can be considered as possible markers of prognosis in HCC, and therapeutic target for this tumor type. In this review, we discuss the recent advances related to the cause (highlighting the main risk factors), treatment, biomarkers, clinic aspects, and outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma.}, keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,Causes,Biomarkers,treatment,Prognosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45192.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45192_b88e004a66c2e0182fd442195a672045.pdf} } @article { author = {Tapia, Kriscia A and Garvey, Gail and Mc Entee, Mark and Rickard, Mary and Brennan, Patrick}, title = {Breast Cancer in Australian Indigenous Women: Incidence, Mortality, and Risk Factors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {873-884}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.873}, abstract = {  The Indigenous people of Australia face significant health gaps compared with the general population, with lower life expectancies, higher rates of death, and chronic illness occurring more often than in non-indigenous Australians. Cancer is the second largest contributor to the burden of disease with breast cancer being the most common invasive cancer diagnosed for females. Despite a lower breast cancer incidence compared with non-indigenous women, fatalities occur at an elevated rate and breast cancers have an earlier age of onset. For indigenous women there are also more advanced and distant tumours at diagnosis, fewer hospitalisations for breast cancer, and lower participation in breast screening. Concomitantly there are demographic, socio-economic and lifestyle factors associated with breast cancer risks that are heavily represented within Indigenous communities. The aim of this two-part narrative review is to examine the available evidence on breast cancer and its risk factors in Australian Indigenous women. Part One presents a summary of the latest incidence, survival and mortality data. Part Two presents the risk factors most strongly associated with breast cancer including age, place of residence, family risk, genetics, reproductive history, tobacco use, alcohol intake, physical activity, participation in screening and breast density. With increasing emphasis on personalized health care, a clear understanding of breast cancer incidence, survival, mortality, and causal agents within the Indigenous population is required if breast cancer prevention and management is to be optimized for Indigenous Australians.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Australia,Indigenous,Aboriginal}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45357.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45357_2a67c49dd5c3f4512524513a5db3938d.pdf} } @article { author = {Mollaei, Homa and Babaei, Esmaeil}, title = {Therapeutic Potential of Novel Nano-Based Curcumin Compounds In Vitro and In Vivo}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {885-888}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.885}, abstract = {Despite recent advances in cancer medication, malignant tumors continue to be the second leading cause of deathworldwide. Furthermore, introducing a therapeutic compound with low-side effects as well as low-price for consumersis controversial. Recent efforts have been focusing on traditional medicines as a rich source of herbal agents. Curcumin,the major turmeric phytochemical, has been widely assessed as an anti-cancer compound in vitro and in vivo. However,the use of curcumin in cancer treatment has limitations because of its low solubility, poor tissue absorption, rapidmetabolism and rapid systemic elimination. Recent work has focused on improving the stability of curcumin to facilitateclinical application. Dendrosomal nano-corcumin (DNC) is one of the most successful compounds showing significantcellular absorption and also anti-tumor effects. The present overview of newest applicable strategies for curcumin-basedtherapy and their clinical potential usefulness has the emphasis on DNC.}, keywords = {cancer,Dendrosome,curcumin}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46238.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46238_aad2ec5096e482bf4f2331db084c1dec.pdf} } @article { author = {Hosseini, Seyed Zinab and makvandi, manoochehr and Samarbafzade, Alireza and Timori, Ali and Ranjbar, Nastaran and Saki, Nader and Nisi, Nilofar and Shahani, Toran and Varnaseri, Mehran and Angali Ahmadi, Kambiz}, title = {Frequency of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 Detection in Paraffin- Embedded Laryngeal Carcinoma Tissue}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {889-893}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.889}, abstract = {  Background and Objective: Human papilloma virus (HPV) 16 and HPV18 have been detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and there is evidence that detection of HPVs would have better prognostic value than patients with HNSCC negative for HPVs. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate frequency of HPV 16 and HPV 18 genotypes in patients with laryngeal carcinoma. Materials and methods: Fifty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks of laryngeal cancers were collected. Sections were prepared at 5 μm and DNA was extracted from each sample and subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HPV-16/18 DNA s. Results: All samples were squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Overall 14/50 (28%) were positive for HPVs, 8 (18%) with HPV-16 and 6 (12%) with HPV-18. Additionally, 2 (4%) mixed infections of HPV 16 and 18 genotypes were observed among these cases. Conclusions: Overall, 28% of HNSCC samples proved positive for HPV16 and HPV18 genotypes, two high-risk HPV types. It is important to further assess whether such viral infection, could be a risk factor in HNSCC progression.}, keywords = {Laryngeal carcinoma,PCR,HPV16,HPV18}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_44487.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_44487_9427c251544bab53020c2b87160fcaf1.pdf} } @article { author = {Moustafa, Enas and Mohamed, Marwa and Thabet, Noura}, title = {Gallium Nanoparticle-Mediated Reduction of Brain Specific Serine Protease-4 in an Experimental Metastatic Cancer Model}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {895-903}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.895}, abstract = {  Purpose: Tumor growth and metastasis depend on angiogenesis; therefore, efforts are being made to develop specific angiogenic inhibitors. Gallium (Ga) is the second most common metal ion, after platinum, used in cancer treatment. Its activities are numerous and various. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Ga on brain metastasis arising from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and methods: Forty experimental rats (divided into 4 groups) received diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at a dose (20 mg/kg.b.wt.; for 6 weeks) to induce HCC and were treated with Ga nanoparticles (GaNPs) with the bacterium Bacillus licheniformis (1mg/kg.b.wt.). Liver functions (alanine aminotransferase; (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase; (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase; (GGT) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)) were assessed with histopathological examination of liver sections to confirm the induction of HCC. In addtion, brain-specific serine protease 4 (BSSP4), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a microtubule-associated protein (Tau), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular cells adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were measured in brain tissue. Results: GaNPs ranged from 5 to 7 nm. HCC was confirmed by elevation in liver enzymes and AFP. Additionally, histopathological examination of liver showed focal area of anaplastic hepatocytes with other cells forming acini associated with fibroblastic cell proliferation. In brain, compared to the DEN alone group, we found that GaNPs modulated brain metastasis by reducing CYP450 and BSSP4 mRNA, and protein expression of p-ERK and p-Tau, and angiogenesis mediators (VEGF and VCAM-1). Also, GaNPs elevated lipid peroxidation and GST activity. Conclusion: It is concluded that GaNPs may prevent metastasis via inhibition of BSSP4 mRNA expression leading to suppression of a variety of growth factors and cell adhesion molecules involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis.}, keywords = {DEN,GaNPs,AFP,BSSP4,p-ERK}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45980.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45980_77e2a9044a0625dd66c10a0a0594a01c.pdf} } @article { author = {Mali, Aniket and Joshi, Asavari and Hegde, Mahabaleshwar and Kadam, Shivajirao}, title = {Enterolactone Suppresses Proliferation, Migration and Metastasis of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells Through Inhibition of uPA Induced Plasmin Activation and MMPs-Mediated ECM Remodeling}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {905-915}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.905}, abstract = {  Background: To enhance their own survival, tumor cells can manipulate their microenvironment through remodeling of the extra cellular matrix (ECM). The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system catalyzes plasmin production which further mediates activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and plays an important role in breast cancer invasion and metastasis through ECM remodeling. This provides a potential target for therapeutic intervention of breast cancer treatment. Enterolactone (EL) is derived from dietary flax lignans in the human body and is known to have anti-breast cancer activity. We here investigated molecular and cellular mechanisms of EL action on the uPA-plasmin- MMPs system. Methods: MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assays, anchorage-dependent clonogenic assays and wound healing assays were carried out to study effects on cell proliferation and viability, clonogenicity and migration capacity, respectively. Real-time PCR was employed to study gene expression and gelatin zymography was used to assess MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities. All data were statistically analysed and presented as mean ± SEM values. Results: All the findings collectively demonstrated anticancer and antimetastatic potential of EL with antiproliferative, antimigratory and anticlonogenic cellular mechanisms. EL was found to exhibit multiple control of plasmin activation by down-regulating uPA expression and also up-regulating its natural inhibitor, PAI-1, at the mRNA level. Further, EL was found to down-regulate expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes, and up-regulate TIMP-1 and TIMP-2; natural inhibitors of MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively. This may be as a consequence of inhibition of plasmin activation, resulting in robust control over migration and invasion of breast cancer cells during metastasis. Conclusions: EL suppresses proliferation, migration and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by inhibiting induced ECM remodeling by the ‘uPA-plasmin-MMPs system’.}, keywords = {Enterolactone,breast cancer,Urokinase-type plasminogen activator,ECM remodeling,Metastasis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45886.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45886_2e496973d46bf4eb000e7345f3d4244d.pdf} } @article { author = {Ng, Pei Ying and Chye, Soi Moi and Ng, Chew Hee and Koh, Rhun Yian and Tiong, Yee Lian and Pui, Liew Phing and Tan, Yong Hui and Lim, Crystale Siew Ying and Ng, Khuen Yen}, title = {Clinacanthus Nutans Hexane Extracts Induce Apoptosis Through a Caspase-Dependent Pathway in Human Cancer Cell Lines}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {917-926}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.917}, abstract = {  Background: Clinacanthus nutans (C.nutans) is a plant consumed as a cancer treatment in tropical Asia. Despite the availability of numerous anecdotal reports, evaluation of active anticancer effects has remained elusive. Therefore we here examined antiproliferative, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing and apoptosis mechanisms of whole plant extracts in different cancer cell lines. Methods: Antiproliferative actions of five solvent extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) of C.nutans were tested on non-small cell lung cancer (A549), nasopharygeal cancer (CNE1) and liver cancer (HepG2) cells using MTT assay. The most potent anticancer extract was then assessed by flow cytometry to study cell cycle changes . Intracellular levels of ROS were quantified by DCFH-DA assay. Involvement of the caspase pathway in induction of apoptosis was assessed using caspase assay kits. GC-MS analysis was performed to identify phytoconstituents in the extracts. Results: Hexane and chloroform extracts were antiproliferative against all three cell lines, while the ethyl acetate extract, at 300 μg/mL, was antiproliferative in the CNE1 but not A549 and HepG2 cases. Methanol and water extracts did not inhibit cancer cell proliferation. The most potent anticancer hexane extract was selected for further testing. It induced apoptosis in all three cell lines as shown by an increase in the percentage of cell in sub-G1 phase. Dose-dependent increase in ROS levels in all three cell lines indicated apoptosis to be possibly modulated by oxidative stress. At high concentrations (>100 μg/mL), hexane extracts upregulated caspases 8, 9 and 3/7 across all three cell lines. GC-MS analysis of the hexane extract revealed abundance of 31 compounds. Conclusion : Among the five extracts of C.nutans, that with hexane extract demonstrated the highest antiproliferative activity against all three cancer cell lines tested. Action appeared to be via ion of intracellular ROS, and induction of apoptosis via intrinsic and extrinsic caspase pathways.}, keywords = {Clinacanthus nutans,cancer,Apoptosis,caspase,reactive oxygen species}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45981.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45981_7875f3a8ee9f4fad1da86153ae8d2f70.pdf} } @article { author = {Chunlertlith, Kitti and Limpapanasit, Uaepong and Mairiang, Pisaln and Vannaprasaht, Suda and Tassaneeyakul, Wichittra and Sangchan, Apichat and Sawadpanich, Kookwan and Suttichaimongkol, Tanita and Pongpit, Jamrus and Pattarapongsin, Moragot}, title = {Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Modified High Dose Omeprazole and Amoxicillin Triple Therapy with Standard Triple Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {927-932}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.927}, abstract = {  Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is related to peptic ulcer diseases and gastric cancer and eradication of H. pylori should be expected to decrease the risk of their development. Factors affecting H. pylori eradication are antibiotic resistance, CYP2C19 genotypes, drug regimen and patient compliance. Increment of omeprazole and amoxicillin dosage in clarithromycin-containing triple therapy regimen may overcome these problems and may be a better choice than the conventional clarithromycin-containing triple therapy regimen. Objective: To compare the eradication rates with modified triple therapy (MTT) and standard triple therapy (STT) as first-line treatment. Materials and Methods: The study was an open label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. A total of 170 patients infected with H. pylori diagnosed by rapid urease test were randomly assigned into 2 groups. The first was treated with a 14-day MTT (20 mg omeprazole t.i.d., 500 mg amoxicillin t.i.d., and 500 mg clarithromycin b.i.d.) and the second with a 14-day STT (20 mg omeprazole b.i.d., 1000 mg amoxicillin b.i.d., and 500 mg clarithromycin b.i.d.). H. pylori eradication was evaluated by 14C-urea breath test. CYP2C19 genotypes, clarithromycin resistance, side effects and patient compliance were also recorded. Results: There were 85 patients in each group. The H. pylori eradication rate in the MTT group was 84.7% by ITT analysis and 91.1% by PP analysis, compared to the STT group values of 76.5% and 87.8% (p = 0.18 and 0.51), respectively. CYP2C19 genotypes and patient compliance were similar in both groups. Prevalence of clarithromycin resistance was 7.0%. Side effects were all mild with no significant differences between the twogroups. Conclusions: MTT is not superior to STT. From this study, MTT may not be recommended as the first-line treatment for H. pylori infection in Thailand because eradication rates proved to be less than 90% by ITT analysis.}, keywords = {Modified high dose Omeprazole and Amoxicillin Triple therapy,Helicobacter pylori eradication,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45887.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45887_68590af6f661880f0de14066f219a377.pdf} } @article { author = {Naidu, Jeevinesh and Wong, Zhiqin and Palaniappan, Shanthi and Ngiu, Chai Soon and Yaacob, Nur Yazmin and Abdul Hamid, Hamzaini and Hikmah Elias, Marjanu and Mokhtar, Norfilza Mohamad and Raja Ali, Raja Affendi}, title = {Radiation Exposure in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Fourteen-Year Review at a Tertiary Care Centre in Malaysia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {933-939}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.933}, abstract = {Background and Aims: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are subjected to a large amount of ionizingradiation during the course of their illness. This may increase their risk of malignancy to a greater level than that dueto the disease itself. In Caucasian patients with Crohn’s disease, this has been well documented and recommendationsare in place to avoid high radiation imaging protocols. However, there are limited data available on radiation exposurein Asian IBD patients.We therefore sought to identify total radiation exposure and any differences between ethnicallydiverse ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) patients at our centre along with determining factors that maycontribute to any variation. Methods: The cumulative effective dose (CED) was calculated retrospectively from 2000to 2014 using data from our online radiology database and patients’ medical records. Total CED in the IBD populationwas measured. High exposure was defined as a radiation dose of greater than 0.2mSv (equivalent to slightly less than½ a year of background radiation). Results: A total of 112 cases of IBD (36 CD and 76 UC) were reviewed. Our CDpatients were diagnosed at an earlier age than our UC cases (mean age 26.1 vs 45.7). The total CED in our IBD populationwas 8.53 (95% CI: 4.53-12.52). Patients with CD were exposed to significantly higher radiation compared to thosewith UC. The mean CED was 18.6 (7.30-29.87) and 3.65 (1.74-5.56, p=0.01) for CD and UC patients respectively. 2patients were diagnosed as having a malignancy during follow up with respective CED values of 1.76mSv and 10mSv.Conclusions: CD patients, particularly those with complicated disease, received a higher frequency of diagnosticimaging over a shorter period when compared to UC patients. Usage of low radiation imaging protocols should beencouraged in IBD patients to reduce their risk of consequent malignancy.}, keywords = {Inflammatory bowel disease,Computerized Tomography Scan,Magnetic resonance imaging}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46092.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46092_1d819769124d984a182a6083c8017589.pdf} } @article { author = {Ronco, Alvaro L and Espinosa, Edison and Calderon, Juan M and Lasalvia Galante, Eduardo and De Rosa, Alejandro and Sanchez, Gustavo}, title = {‘Mate’ Intake, Hormone-Based Risk Factors and Breast Cancer: a Case-Control Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {941-948}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.941}, abstract = {Previous reports on the inverse association between ‘mate’ intake (infusion of Ilex Paraguariensis herb) and breastcancer (BC) risk led us to consider two main roles for the infusion: as a substantial antioxidant contributor and asa hormone regulator, particularly through anti-aromatase capacities. Since menstrual-reproductive risk factors forBC reflect women’s estrogenic exposure during the reproductive lifespan, and considering that ‘mate’ intake exertsputative stronger protection among high antioxidant contributors, we attempted to analyze interactions among theinfusion, hormon-linked reproductive factors and BC risk, which have hitherto remained unexplored. We analyzed adatabase of 572 BC incident cases and 889 controls. Women were interviewed with a specific questionnaire featuringsocio-demographic, lifestyle and reproductive variables (age at menarche, 1st live birth and menopause; number of livebirths; breastfeeding months), and a food frequency questionnaire, focusing on ‘mate’ intake (consumer status, dailyintake, age at start, age at quit, duration of habit). Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence Intervals were calculatedthrough unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for relevant potential confounders. ‘Mate’ intake showed stronginverse associations with some high-risk hormone-related factors: early menarche, nulliparity, low breastfeeding, longreproductive years and high number of ovulatory cycles. Moreover, all subsets of high dietary energy demonstratedeven stronger associations. In conclusion, regarding exposure to known hormone risk factors, we found strong inverseassociations between high ‘mate’ intake and BC, which were greater among those consuming higher calorific diets.Our analyses support possible combined antioxidant and antiestrogenic effects for ‘mate’ infusions.}, keywords = {breast cancer,estrogens,ilex paraguariensis,maté,reproductive life}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46091.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46091_f5769f97b3b43b948ae195eb3b37943b.pdf} } @article { author = {Ud Din, Nasir and Barakzai, Abrar and Memon, Aisha and Hasan, Sheema and Ahmad, Zubair}, title = {Atypical Teratoid/ Rhabdoid Tumor of Brain: a Clinicopathologic Study of Eleven Patients and Review of Literature}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {949-954}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.949}, abstract = {Background: Atypical teratoid/ rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare aggressive embryonal central nervous system(CNS) tumor of infancy and early childhood. Majority of the cases arise in the posterior fossa, and remaining in thecerebrum. Aims: To analyze the clinicopathologic features of AT/RT on a cohort of cases. Materials and methods:All reported cases of AT/RT at the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital(AKUH) from 2007 to 2016 were reviewed for clinical and pathological features. Immunohistochemical stain for INI-1was performed in all 11 cases. Follow up was obtained. Results: A total of 11 cases were identified. Seven patients weremales and 4 were females. The ages ranged from 1 month to 48 months (mean 26.6 months). Six tumors were locatedin the cerebrum and 3 in the posterior fossa. Exact Location was not known in 2 cases. Histologically, rhabdoid cellswere present in sheets in variable proportions in five cases, Medulloblastoma and PNET like areas were seen in 2 caseseach. Immunohistochemical stains EMA (10/10), vimentin (7/7), CKAE1/AE3 (8/9), and CD99 (3/4), GFAP (6/10),ASMA (3/4) and synaptophysin (3/4) were positive in varying proportions while desmin was negative in all 6 cases inwhich it was performed. All 11 tumors lacked immunoreactivity for INI-1 protein. Four patients died of disease witha follow up ranging from 5 to 24 months. Conclusions: AT/RT is a rare highly aggressive embryonal tumor of CNS.A male predominance was noted in our series. We report the first and largest series from Pakistan.}, keywords = {Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor,posterior fossa,cerebrum,INI 1}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46239.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46239_33481c493a65e7e0edb1d3799a7935fa.pdf} } @article { author = {loutfy, samah A and Salaheldin, Taher A and Ramadan, Marwa and Farroh, Khaled and Abdallah, Zeinab and youssef, Tareq}, title = {Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets: In Vitro Liver Cancer Model}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {955-961}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.955}, abstract = {  Background: Graphene nanosheets have a broad spectrum of biomedical applications. Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is a major health problem in the Egyptian population. Currently, treatment strategies are invasive and have several adverse side effects. Thus, other approaches are required for managing this aggressive type of cancer. Our objective here was to prepare and characterize graphene oxide nanosheets and evaluate cytotoxic effect at the molecular level in an in vitro human liver cancer cell model (HepG2). Methods: Graphene oxide nanosheets were generated by chemical oxidation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Cytotoxic effects in HepG2 cells were monitored by sulforhodamine B (SRB) colorimetric assay followed by flow cytometric analysis. Molecular investigations of DNA fragmentation and expression of some apoptotic genes at the transcriptional RNA level were also performed. Results: Treatment of HepG2 cells with 400μg/ml graphene oxide nanosheets showed alteration in cell morphology after 24 h. Flow cytometry revealed accumulation of cells in S phase of cell cycle followed by dramatic effects on cellular DNA. Extensive evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of graphene oxide showed increased mRNA Bax apoptotic gene expression with not of P53 and caspase-3 mRNA after 24h, suggesting involvement of an intrinsic apoptotic caspase-independent pathway. Conclusion. Graphene oxide can mediate apoptotic gene signaling in human liver cancer cells opening a novel approach to cancer management. Further analyses at the molecular level are now required to confirm our results and facilitate biomedical applications in vivo.}, keywords = {Graphene oxide nanosheets,HepG2,Cytotoxic effect,PCR}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46061.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46061_11b2e884546ceab90a1ebd3c3d92c565.pdf} } @article { author = {Abda, Naima and Najdi, Adil and El Fakir, Samira and Tachfouti, Nabil and Berraho, Mohamef and Chami Khazraji, Youssef and Abousselham, Loubna and Belakhel, Latifa and Bekkali, Rachid and Nejjari, Chakib}, title = {Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preventive Practice Towards Breast Cancer among General Practitioner Health Professionals in Morocco}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {963-968}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.963}, abstract = {  Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer of women in Morocco and its diagnosis is usually made at advanced stages. The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge, practices and attitudes of general practitioners regarding early detection of breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out during July 2011 on a sample of 140 general practitioners employed in basic health care facilities. Results: The majority (85.7%) of general practitioners were aware of the existence of a ministerial circular which aimed to generalize breast cancer screening. Systematic practice of clinical breast examination was reported by 18.0% of doctors for every woman between 45 and 70 years and a systematic breast self-examination check-up was reported by 59.4% of physicians. Mammography was requested by 54.1% of physicians in the presence of risk factors. Females and physicians practicing in urban areas were less likely to have a knowledge, attitudes and practices score higher than 8 as compared to male physicians and those practicing in rural areas. Discussion and conclusion: Our study showed that the knowledge, attitudes and practices of general practitioners regarding the early detection of breast cancer program were not satisfactory; hence the urgent need for improved implementation of the program in the affected regions.}, keywords = {breast cancer,knowledge,Attitude,practices,general practitioner}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46062.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46062_34efc3c66c803c532da936ba7bbf0e25.pdf} } @article { author = {Salem, Marwa and Amin, Tarek and Alhulaybi, Abdulhamid and Sami Althafar, Abdulaziz and Abdelhai, Rehab}, title = {Perceived Risk of Cervical Cancer and Barriers to Screening among Secondary School Female Teachers in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {969-979}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.969}, abstract = {  Background: No previous studies had addressed the perceived risk of cervical cancer (CC) and its influence on screening practices and perceived barriers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 506 randomly selected Saudi female secondary school teachers in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia to assess their level of knowledge about risk factors and signs of CC in relation to perceived risk and to characterize CC screening compliance using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Of the included female Saudi teachers, 65.4% and 63.4% were considered less-knowledgeable about CC risk factors and early signs and symptoms respectively. Only 17.2% reported being previously examined for CC. The majority of participants perceived themselves to be at an average or below average risk of CC. Residing in urban areas was the strongest predictor of CC screening (Odds ratio ‘OR’= 3.39; 95% confidence intervals ‘CI= 1.76-6.46; P=0.001). Awareness of risk factors was significantly associated with higher awareness of signs of CC (OR 2.5; 95% CI=, P=0.001). Exploratory factor analysis showed that personal fears (of screening being embarrassing) was the major factor that hindered CC screening with a high loading eigenvalue of 4.392, explaining 30.8% of the barriers toward utilization, followed by health care related factors. Conclusion: Secondary school teachers in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia showed low perceived risk, poor awareness about risk factors, signs and symptoms of CC and limited uptake of screening practices. This underlines the need for education programs on CC targeting this group.}, keywords = {Cancer Cervix,Screening,Barriers,perceived risk,Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45360.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45360_7292c9203faa8046982944ba12f6c811.pdf} } @article { author = {Hosseini Teshnizi, Saeed and Ayatollahi, Seyyed Mohammad Taghi}, title = {Comparison of Cox Regression and Parametric Models: Application for Assessment of Survival of Pediatric Cases of Acute Leukemia in Southern Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {981-985}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.981}, abstract = {  Background: Finding the most appropriate regression model for survival data in cancer casesin order to determine prognosis is an important issue in medical research. Here we compare Cox and parametric regression models regarding survival of children with acute leukemia in southern Iran. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, information for 197 children with acute leukemia over 6 years was collected through observation and interviews. In order to identify factors affecting their survival, the Cox and parametric (exponential, Weibull, log-logistic, log-normal, Gompertz and generalized gamma) models were fitted to the data. To find the best predictor model, the Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) and the Coxsnell residual were employed. Results: Out of 197 children, 164 (83.3%) had ALL and 33 (16.7%) AML; the mean (± standard deviation) survival time was 52.1±8.10 months. According to both the AIC and the Coxsnell residual, the Cox regression model was the weakest and the log-normal and Weibull models were the best for fitting to data. Based on the log-normal model, age (HR=1.01, p=0.004), residence area (HR=1.60, p=0.038) and WBC (White Blood Cell) (HR=1.57, p=0.014) had significant effects on patient survival. Conclusion: Parametric regression models demonstrate better performance as compared to the Cox model for identifying risk factors for prognosis with acute leukemia data. Just because the assumption of PH (Proportional Hazards) is held for the Cox regression model, we should not ignore parameter models.}, keywords = {Cox regression,Parametric models,Acute leukemia,Pediatric}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45904.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45904_a930aa19dd98fe561255e3df668e9e92.pdf} } @article { author = {Yamauchi, Keiko and Nakao, Motoyuki and Nakashima, Mitsuyo and Ishihara, Yoko}, title = {Congruence between Preferred and Actual Participation Roles Increases Satisfaction with Treatment Decision Making among Japanese Women with Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {987-994}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.987}, abstract = {  Objective: This study investigated the correlation between participation in the treatment decision-making process and satisfaction with the process among Japanese women with breast cancer. The influence of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on satisfaction with the treatment decision-making process was also examined. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, self-administered internet survey of 650 Japanese women with breast cancer in March 2016. Decisional role (active, collaborative, passive) in the treatment decision-making was elicited using the Japanese version of the Control Preference Scale. Satisfaction with the decision-making process was assessed. Result: About half of the participants preferred to play a collaborative role, while half of the participants perceived that they played an active role. Satisfaction among the participants who made their treatment choice collaboratively with their physicians was significantly higher than that of participants who made the choice by themselves or entrusted their physicians to make the decision. However, two-way ANOVA demonstrated that satisfaction level was associated with the congruence between the participants’ preferred and actual decisional roles, but not with the actual decisional roles that they played. This association had no interaction with sociodemographic and clinical status, except for education level. A majority of the participants who participated in the roles they preferred in choosing their treatment option indicated that they would participate in the same role if they were to face a similar decision-making situation in the future. Conclusion: Regardless of their role played in the cancer treatment decision-making process, and irrespective of their sociodemographic and clinical status, Japanese women with breast cancer are more satisfied with the treatment decision-making process when their participation in the process matches their preferred role in the process.}, keywords = {Decision-making,Preferred role,Actual role,breast cancer,Japanese}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45359.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45359_6f9f5ed203e7034ad615729fe02ac9b9.pdf} } @article { author = {Rakkapao, Nitchamon and Promthet, Supannee and Moore, Mlalcom and Solikhah, and Hurst, Cameron}, title = {Assessing Breast Cancer Awareness in Thai Women: Validation of the Breast Cancer Awareness Scale (B-CAS)}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {995-1005}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.995}, abstract = {  Background: Raising breast cancer awareness is a well-established first line strategy to reduce breast cancer mortality. A properly validated instrument is needed to gain a better understanding of breast cancer awareness. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to assess breast cancer awareness in Thai women. Methods: In this study, we develop and evaluate the validity of the Breast Cancer Awareness Scale (B-CAS). Construct validity was evaluated by using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, and criterion validity was investigated using ROC curves to examine the associations between B-CAS subscales and breast self-examination. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also investigated. This validation process employed two independent samples of Thai women aged 20-64 years collected from communities in southern Thailand. Results: In total, 660 Thai women (mean age 41 years) participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the construct validity of B-CAS (CFI =0.91; NNFI=0.90; GFI=0.95; AGFI= 0.95; RMSEA=0.044, 95%CI 0.041 to 0.047; P< 0.05). Several of the B-CAS subscales demonstrated strong utility in discriminating between women who do and do not regularly conduct breast self-examination. B-CAS also demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.86) and test-retest reliability. The final version of B-CAS contains 35 items across five domains: knowledge of risk factors, knowledge of signs and symptoms, attitude to breast cancer prevention, barriers of breast screening, and health behaviour related to breast cancer awareness. Conclusion: The breast cancer awareness scale (B-CAS) was shown to have good psychometric properties in Thai women, and is likely to prove useful in studying the epidemiology of breast cancer awareness in Thai women, and evaluating breast cancer prevention programs for raising awareness.}, keywords = {Instrument development,Psychometric properties,Breast cancer awareness,Thai women}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45413.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45413_05c0a34acf1e82ee2b4a02e18ae9d71f.pdf} } @article { author = {Miszczyk, Leszek and Namysł-Kaletka, Agnieszka and Napieralska, Aleksandra and Wozniak, Grzegorz and Stapor-Fudzinska, Małgorzata and Glowacki, Grzegorz and Tukiendorf, Andrzej}, title = {Cyberknife Radioablation of Prostate Cancer – Preliminary Results for 400 Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1007-1013}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1007}, abstract = {  Objectives: To evaluate the tolerance and effectiveness of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) applied in the treatment of low and intermediate risk (LR & IR) prostate cancer patients (PCP) and provide an evaluation of the level of risk group impact on treatment results. In addition, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) usage and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) decline after SABR were assessed. Material and Methods: A total of 400 PCP (213 LR and 187 IR, including T2c) were irradiated with a CyberKnife using fd 7.25 Gy to TD 36.25 Gy. At the start of treatment, 60.3% of patients were undergoing ADT and this gradually decreased to 0% after 38 months. Follow-up was for a median of 15.0 months. Patients were monitored on SABR completion and 1, 4, 8 months later and then subsequently every 6 months. GI (Gastro-Intestinal) and GU (Genito-Urinary) acute and late adverse effects, PSA and ADT usage were evaluated. Results: Failure was noted in 9 patients (2.25%) (5 in LR and 4 in IR groups) - 4 relapses and 5 nodal metastases. No G3/4 late adverse effects (EORTC/RTOG) were observed. Some 0.5% of G3 GU and 0.3% of G3 GI acute reactions were noted respectively on the SABR completion day and one month later. The median of PSA declined 1.5 ng/ml during the first month and 0.6 ng/ml during the next three months. No impact of risk groups on treatment results was found. An impact of ADT on PSA decline was only confirmed for time point interactions. Conclusions: SABR for LR and IR PCP is a safe and effective treatment. The inclusion of T2c patients and the low percentage of IR patient failure permit us the assumption that this procedure could be utilized in the treatment of more advanced cases. The results do not allow clear definition of the impact of ADT on radioablation results in LR and IR+ T2c cases.}, keywords = {SABR,SBRT,CyberKnife,prostate cancer radioablation,prostate radiotharapy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46014.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46014_8fc6cc6cb49bca4116bf51aff915d3c0.pdf} } @article { author = {Manoharan, Nalliah and Nair, Omana and Shukla, N and Rath, Goura}, title = {Descriptive Epidemiology of Female Breast Cancer in Delhi, India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1015-1018}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1015}, abstract = {  Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in females worldwide. The Population Based Cancer Registry data of Delhi were here used to describe the epidemiology and trends in breast cancer incidence in Delhi. Methods: Crude rate, age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) and age-specific incidence rates were calculated using the data collected by Delhi PBCR for the year 2012. The time trend of breast cancer incidence was evaluated by joinpoint regression using the PBCR data from 1988-2012. Results: A total of 19,746 cancer cases were registered in 2012, 10,148 in males and 9,598 in females. Breast cancer was the leading site of cancer in females accounting for 2,744 (28.6%) of cases with a median age of 50 years. The crude and age standardized incidence rates for breast cancer were 34.8 and 41.0 per 100,000 females, respectively. Age specific incidence rates increased with age and attained a peak in the 70-74 years age group..A statistically significant increase in ASR with an annual percentage change (APC) of 1.44% was observed. Conclusions: The breast, which was the second most common cancer site in Delhi in 1988, has now surpassed cancer of cervix to become the leading site over the years. A similar trend has also been noted for other metropolitan cities viz. Bangalore, Bhopal and Chennai. Though the ASRs in these are comparable, they are still low compared to Western countries. Changing life styles in metropolitan cities like delayed marriage, late age at first child birth, lower parity and higher socio-economic status, may be some of the probable primary cause for higher incidences of breast cancer in urban as opposed to rural areas.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Population based cancer registry,Incidence,Trends,Epidemiology}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46015.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46015_86c163a887d52d87958b047969913081.pdf} } @article { author = {Pati, Sanghamitra and chauhan, Abhimanyu and Mahapatra, Sandeep and Nayak, Sabita and Nayak, Sukdev and Weller, David}, title = {Treatment Experiences of Women with Reproductive Cancers in Odisha, India: A Qualitative Exploration of Enablers and Barriers}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1019-1024}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1019}, abstract = {  Introduction: Cancer continues to be a major menace to our Indian society notwithstanding significant progress in diagnosis and treatment. In India cancer mortality rates in women are high compared to other countries, despite efforts to improve survival through the development of effective detection techniques and increased numbers of viable treatment options. Indian women’s advanced stage of disease at diagnosis is largely attributable to delay in seeking treatment. The present qualitative inquiry was conducted with the aim of capturing the treatment experiences of patients with gynecology cancer at a tertiary care hospital and understanding the barriers, enablers, stress and apprehension they experience during the treatment phases. Methods: Twenty-one in-depth interviews were conducted with women diagnosed with gynecological cancers and undergoing at least one treatment intervention in the Inpatient Department (IPD). Theme guides were developed with a review of the literature and consultation with experts in the field. Data were collected by trained investigators who were well versed with the local language and analyzed using an inductive approach. Results are presented in the form of core- and sub-themes evolved during this process. Results: Out of the 21 respondents, 19 were married and 2 were widows. Nineteen had attained more than secondary qualifications. Nearly all women described themselves as ‘housewives’. Amongst participants, 13 were diagnosed with breast cancer, 5 with ovarian cancer and 3 with cervical cancer. Thematic framework analysis of the transcripts yielded six key themes: 1) best and worst experiences during the treatment process; 2) financial and emotional stress; 3) care giving and social support; 4) satisfaction with the medical staff; 5) preferences for a female gynecologist and female gynecology ward; and 6) prompt and free treatment. Quotable quotes were presented in the table against every theme. Conclusion: Strengths in the Indian health care delivery system need to be built upon, while attention should be paid to developing effective psychosocial interventions, with a robust financial protection plan for patients and their involvement in decision making. Counselling of patients should be made part of a routine protocol.}, keywords = {gynecologic cancer,Patient Experience,Treatment Experience,Odisha}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46067.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46067_59998c15f7acaa1530a784a39680482c.pdf} } @article { author = {Solanki, Akanksha and M, Athiyaman and athiyaman, Hemalatha and Kumar, Harvindra}, title = {Reduction of Dose to the Contralateral Breast by Superflab Use in Radiation Therapy for Mammary Carcinomas}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1025-1029}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1025}, abstract = {  Background: Radiation therapy is an integral part of multimodality treatment for locally advanced carcinoma of breast. Radiation doses to nearby critical normal structures like heart, lungs, and contralateral breast (CLB increases risk of second malignancies. In this study, we measured doses to the CLB and studied effects of a 1 cm thickness superflap. Materials and Methods: Fifty post-mastectomy carcinoma breast patients were included in the study.Radiation therapy of 50 Gy was planned in 25 fractions, 5 days a week, using the Eclipse Treatment Planning System version 8.9.15, with a pencil beam convolution algorithm and 6 MV photon beam. Plans were transferred to a linear accelerator (Varian 2300 CD) for execution of treatment. Twenty-four CaSO4 thermoluminescent dosimeter discs (TLDs) were used for dose measurement over the CLB. The dose was measured for each patient without a superflab for ten fractions and with for another ten fractions for subsequent comparison. Results: Mean doses/fractions received by the CLB with and without a superflab? were 3.78 ± 1.29 cGy and 7.82 ± 2.62 cGy, respectively, with total dosees of 94.69 ± 32.43 cGy (1.89% of prescribed dose) and 191.14 ± 65.62 cGy (3.82% of prescribed dose). The average reduction in mean dose with a 1 cm thick superflab was 46.57 ± 17.18%, in the range of 20 to 80% and statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Superflab? is an effective method for dose reduction to CLB. It is an easy, convenient and low time consuming method. Elucidation of any role in reduction of 2nd malignancies in CLB now needs large studies with long follow-up.}, keywords = {Contralateral Breast dose,second malignancy,CaSO4 TLDs,superflab}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45356.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45356_0be60e1669cbfc860b263d40022abfef.pdf} } @article { author = {Jafari-Nedooshan, Jamal and Kargar, Saeed and Neamatzadeh, Hossein and Haghighi, Fatemeh and dehghani, reihaneh and Seddighi, Niloofar}, title = {Lack of Association of the Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO) Gene rs9939609 Polymorphism with Breast Cancer Risk: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Case - Control Studies}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1031-1037}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1031}, abstract = {  Background: Previously published data on any association of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene with breast cancer risk remain inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted the present meta-analysis of links between breast cancer and the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism. Methods: We have conducted a systematic review of the English literature by searching PubMed, Google Scholar and ISI Web of Knowledge databases for studies on associations between the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and breast cancer risk. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association using fixed- or random-effects model. Results: We included five studies with 1134 cases and 1453 controls. Overall, no significant association between the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and risk of breast cancer was found. On subgroup analysis by ethnicity, there was still no significant association detected. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and risk of breast cancer. However, the present meta-analysis suggested that only there might be a significant association of the CXCL12 rs1801157 polymorphisms with breast cancer risk.}, keywords = {breast cancer,FTO rs9939609,Polymorphism,risk,Meta-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46066.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46066_f9a7c1809fab90c61b14eb2cfc89b53a.pdf} } @article { author = {Sarakarn, Pongdech and Suwanrungruang, Krittika and Vatanasapt, Patravoot and Wiangnon, Surapon and Promthet, Supannee and Jenwitheesuk, Kriangsak and Koonmee, Supinda and Tipsunthonsak, Nakhon and Chen, Sam and Yen, Amy and Chen, Tony}, title = {Joinpoint Analysis Trends in the Incidence of Colorectal Cancer in Khon Kaen, Thailand (1989 – 2012)}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1039-1043}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1039}, abstract = {  Objective: This study focused on recent changes in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Methods: Data for CRC over the period 1989 to 2012 from the population-based cancer registry of Khon Kaen province were employed. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were calculated and classified into 4 age-groups for comparison. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to detect changes in trends among each line segment and an overall line was generated, whether increasing or decreasing, with annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: There were 3,364 CRC cases included in the analysis, 72.2% histological confirmed and 53.5% in men. Trends of ASRs generally demonstrated gradual increase over the period 1989 to 2012. For those aged under 45 or 50 years there was slight overall increase, with a somewhat zigzag pattern. From joinpoint analysis, the trends of all aged groups were found to be increasing among both men and women: aged 45 years and older group AAPC=3.40, 2.30 and 3.90, respectively); aged 50 years and older group AAPC=2.90, 2.20 and 3.40; aged under 45 years AAPC=6.30, 6.00 and 6.90; and aged under 50 years (AAPC=5.70, 3.20 and 5.70. Conclusions: ASRs for CRC have been gradually increasing in the northeast region of Thailand. Future studies should consider the subsite distribution.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,Incidence,joinpoint analysis,Thailand}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45361.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45361_cad6d1ff984f5d46d8e8545f828d74fe.pdf} } @article { author = {Binti Yusof, Nor Syahida and ameli, fereshteh and Sabrina Florence, Chandramaya and Mustangin, Muaatamarulain and Abd-Rahman, Faridah and Masir, Noraidah}, title = {Expression of the Class II and III Beta-tubulin in neoplastic and non-neoplastic lymphoid tissues.}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1045-1050}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1045}, abstract = {Aim: Abnormal expression pattern ofBetatubulin isotypesmay provide a molecular rationalefor thebehaviour of lymphoma subtypes. The study assessed class II and III Beta-tubulin expression in non-neoplastic and neoplastic lymphoid tissues. Their differential expressions may have diagnostic implications and potential usefulness in the development of new tumour biomarkers.Methods& results: This cross-sectional study investigated class II and III Beta-tubulin expression in 304 neoplastic and 20 normal lymphoid tissues using qualitatively and semi-quantitatively immunohistochemistry. Class II Beta-tubulin was expressed in the germinal centre, mantle zone and interfollicular region of normal lymphoid tissues. Class III Beta-tubulin expression however was germinal centre restricted. Among lymphomas, Class II Beta-tubulin was expressed in 15/15 (100%) lymphoblastic lymphomas, 229/231 (99%) mature B cell lymphomas, 22/22 (100%) T/NK-cell lymphomas and 36/36(100%) classical Hodgkin lymphomas. Class III Beta-tubulin expression however was more selective, found mainly in classical Hodgkin lymphomas (34/36 (94%)). It was also expressed in 58/171(34%) DLBCL, 11/12 (92%) mantle cell lymphomas and 6/6 (100%) Burkitt lymphomas. Other mature B cell, T/NK cell lymphomas and precursor lymphoblastic lymphomas were usually negative.Conclusion:Class II Beta-tubulin shows ubiquitous expression in the neoplastic and non-neoplastic lymphoisd tissues. In contrast, Class III Beta-tubulin expression is germinal centre-restricted. Its consistent expression in classical Hodgkin lymphoma is useful in the identification of Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin cells. Its expression in a proportion of DLBCL, Burkitt and mantle cell lymphomas is of interest as this may be related to their aggressiveness.}, keywords = {lymphoid lesion,Lymphoma,immunohistochemistry}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45888.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45888_29126793d9387c0e70757a667def2507.pdf} } @article { author = {Utispan, Kusumawadee and Chitkul, Bordin and Koontongkaew, Sittichai}, title = {Cytotoxic Activity of Propolis Extracts from the Stingless Bee Trigona Sirindhornae Against Primary and Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer Cell Lines}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1051-1055}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1051}, abstract = {Background: Propolis, a resinous substance produced by the honeybee, has a wide spectrum of potent biologicalactivities. However, anti-cancer activity of propolis obtained from Trigona sirindhornae, a new species of stinglessbee, has not yet been reported. This study concerned cytotoxicity of propolis extracts from T. sirindhornae against twohead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. Materials and Methods: A dichloromethane extractof propolis (DMEP) was prepared generating 3 fractions: DMEP-A, DMEP-B, and DMEP-C. Genetically-matchedHNSCC cell lines derived from primary (HN30) and metastatic sites (HN31) in the same patient were used to studycytotoxic effects of the DMEPs by MTT assays. The active compounds in the DMEPs were analyzed by reversephasehigh performance liquid chromatography. Results: DMEP-A exhibited cytotoxic activity on HN30 cells withsignificantly decreased viability at 200 μg/ml compared with the control (p<0.05). However, no significant cytotoxiceffect was evident in HN31 cells. DMEP-B and DMEP-C significantly decreased the viability of both cell lines from100–200 μg/ml and 50–200 μg/ml, respectively (p<0.05). Interestingly, HN31 cells were more toxically sensitivecompared with the HN30 cells when treated with DMEP-B and DMEP-C. IC50 values for DMEP-B with HN30 andHN31 cells were more than 200 μg/ml and 199.8±1.05 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 of DMEP-C to HN30 and HN31cells was found to be 114.3±1.29 and 76.33±1.24 μg/ml, respectively. Notably, apigenin, pinocembrin, p-coumaric acid,and caffeic acid were not detected in our propolis extracts. Conclusion: T. sirindhornae produced propolis displayscytotoxic effects against HNSCC cells s. Moreover, DMEP-B and DMEP-C differentially inhibited the proliferationof a metastatic HNSCC cell line.}, keywords = {Cytotoxic activity,HNSCC cell lines,Trigona sirindhornae propolis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46095.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46095_cbb9c5d50131e5f7851c639f933abea6.pdf} } @article { author = {Khattak, Faryal and Haseeb, Muhammad and Fazal, Sahar and Bhatti, AI and Ullah, Mukhtar}, title = {Mathematical Modeling of E6-p53 interactions in Cervical Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1057-1061}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1057}, abstract = {Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women throughout the world. The humanpapillomavirus (HPV) E6 viral protein plays an essential role in proteasomal degradation of the cancer suppressantprotein p53. As a result, p53 negative regulation and apoptosis relevant activities are abrogated, facilitating developmentof cervical cancer. Methods: A mathematical model of E6-p53 interactions was developed using mathematical laws. Insilicosimulations were carried out on CellDesigner and as a test case the small molecule drug RITA was considered forits ability to rescue the functions of tumor suppressor p53 by inhibiting E6 mediated proteasomal degradation. Results:Using a computational model we scrutinized how p53 responds to RITA, and chemical reactions of this small moleculedrug were incorporated to perceive the full effects. The evolved strategy allowed the p53 response and rescue of itstumor suppressor function to be delineated, RITA being found to block p53 interactions with E6 associated proteins.Conclusion: We could develop a model of E6-p53 interactions with incorporation of actions of the small moleculedrug RITA. Suppression of E6 associated proteins by RITA induces accumulation of tumor suppressant p53. UsingCellDesigner to encode the model ensured that it can be easily modified and extended as more data become available.This strategy should play an effective role in the development of therapies against cancer.}, keywords = {cervical cancer,E6,p53,small molecule drug,RITA and Mathematical modeling}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46093.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46093_f15f1a1dac2ae0435cfe0a9596639b87.pdf} } @article { author = {Rowell, David and Nguyen, Kim-Huong and Baade, Peter and Janda, Monika}, title = {Evaluation of a Skin Self-Examination Programme: a Four-Stage Recursive Model}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1063-1067}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1063}, abstract = {  Background: Effective skin self-examination can enable early diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer, which otherwise could result in significant morbidity and mortality. We compare the effects of watching a DVD and reading printed materials on self skin examination. Methods: Longitudinal data from the Randomized Skin Awareness Trial were analysed (n=984). The control group were provided with written materials describing how to conduct effective skin self-examination. The intervention group received additional instruction from a DVD. It was hypothesized that self skin examination may be confounded by unobserved variables. A recursive model was specified to control for this potential source of bias. Results: At six months only watching the DVD had a statistically significant effect on diagnosed skin cancer. By 12 months both interventions were statistically significant; reading the printed materials was 63% as effective as watching the DVD. Conclusion: Watching a DVD was associated with the largest increase in diagnosed skin cancer. However, reading written materials was also associated with an increase in diagnosed skin cancer. Both visual and written communication should be considered when designing an effective skin self-examination programme.}, keywords = {Skin cancer screening,Endogeneity,Self skin-examination,Recursive model}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46064.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46064_e2fed2ba4b93d2f4d3ad3446f8bf6572.pdf} } @article { author = {Okuhara, Tsuyoshi and Ishikawa, Hirono and Okada, Masahumi and Kato, Mio and Kiuchi, Takahiro}, title = {Assertions of Japanese Websites for and Against Cancer Screening: a Text Mining Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1069-1075}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1069}, abstract = {  Background: Cancer screening rates are lower in Japan than in Western countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom. While health professionals publish pro-cancer-screening messages online to encourage proactive seeking for screening, anti-screening activists use the same medium to warn readers against following guidelines. Contents of pro- and anti-cancer-screening sites may contribute to readers’ acceptance of one or the other position. We aimed to use a text-mining method to examine frequently appearing contents on sites for and against cancer screening. Methods: We conducted online searches in December 2016 using two major search engines in Japan (Google Japan and Yahoo! Japan). Targeted websites were classified as "pro", "anti", or "neutral" depending on their claims, with the author(s) classified as "health professional", "mass media", or "layperson". Text-mining analyses were conducted, and statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Results: Of the 169 websites analyzed, the top-three most frequently appearing content topics in pro sites were reducing mortality via cancer screening, benefits of early detection, and recommendations for obtaining detailed examination. The top three most frequent in anti-sites were harm from radiation exposure, non-efficacy of cancer screening, and lack of necessity of early detection. Anti-sites also frequently referred to a well-known Japanese radiologist, Makoto Kondo, who rejects the standard forms of cancer care. Conclusion: Our findings should enable authors of pro-cancer-screening sites to write to counter misleading anti-cancer-screening messages and facilitate dissemination of accurate information.}, keywords = {cancer screening,Internet,content analysis,Text Mining}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46016.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46016_cd75f8680302e1615d5b71b0cfe01a9c.pdf} } @article { author = {Madadizadeh, Farzan and Ghanbarnejad, Amin and Ghavami, Vahid and Zare-Bandamiri, Mohammad and Mohammadianpanah, Mohammad}, title = {Applying Additive Hazards Models for Analyzing Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Fars Province, Southern Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1077-1083}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1077}, abstract = {  Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a commonly fatal cancer that ranks as third worldwide and third and the fifth in Iranian women and men, respectively. There are several methods for analyzing time to event data. Additive hazards regression models take priority over the popular Cox proportional hazards model if the absolute hazard (risk) change instead of hazard ratio is of primary concern, or a proportionality assumption is not made. Methods: This study used data gathered from medical records of 561 colorectal cancer patients who were admitted to Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, during 2005 to 2010 and followed until December 2015. The nonparametric Aalen’s additive hazards model, semiparametric Lin and Ying’s additive hazards model and Cox proportional hazards model were applied for data analysis. The proportionality assumption for the Cox model was evaluated with a test based on the Schoenfeld residuals and for test goodness of fit in additive models, Cox-Snell residual plots were used. Analyses were performed with SAS 9.2 and R3.2 software. Results: The median follow-up time was 49 months. The five-year survival rate and the mean survival time after cancer diagnosis were 59.6% and 68.1±1.4 months, respectively. Multivariate analyses using Lin and Ying’s additive model and the Cox proportional model indicated that the age of diagnosis, site of tumor, stage, and proportion of positive lymph nodes, lymphovascular invasion and type of treatment were factors affecting survival of the CRC patients. Conclusion: Additive models are suitable alternatives to the Cox proportionality model if there is interest in evaluation of absolute hazard change, or no proportionality assumption is made.}, keywords = {Colorectal Neoplasms,Survival Analysis,Proportional Hazards Models,Additive Models}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46065.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46065_677d5671673a9aaafd1605690cce330f.pdf} } @article { author = {Lim, Hyun-Sook and Boo, Yoo-Kyung and Won, Young-Joo}, title = {Evaluation of the Understanding of Cancer Registration Manual by Medical Record Administrators}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1085-1092}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1085}, abstract = {Background: This study examined (a) whether medical record administrators (MRAs) properly understand and apply the cancer registration manual, (b) the weaknesses in their cancer registrations, and (c) any factors influencing the accuracy of cancer registration.Methods: The MRAs dealing with cancer registration in 81 national member hospitals were asked to answer by mail, 17 questions about cancer information among the registration items. After calculating the rates of correct and incorrect answers to each question, it was analysed whether the rate of correct answers was related to the relevant factors (hospital type, hospital location, number of hospital beds, experience of cancer registration, and experience of consulting cancer registration). Results: A total of 45.7% of the participants gave approximately 90% correct answers. The rate of correct answers about general rules was under 90% for object of cancer registration and treatment. The rate concerning histologic type was over 90% for all participants, while few exceeded 50% on questions concerning the newly revised rules on the colorectal system. For the questions about initial treatment, date of diagnosis, and method of final diagnosis, as well as the four questions on checking the validity of registered data, the correct answer rate was 70-90%. Regarding the features of hospitals and respondents, number of hospital beds and prior experience in cancer registration questions were found to contribute to the high rate of correct answers.Conclusion: To improve the accuracy of cancer registration, the manual needs to be supplemented in the areas revealing low correct answer rates. Education opportunities and methods for MRAs should be diversified.}, keywords = {registries,Medical record,Quality,cancer,manual}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46020.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46020_30ff865183733b855f178d80bc9720b0.pdf} } @article { author = {AL-jokhadar, maya and Al-mandily, ahmad and zaid, khaled and Maalouf, Elie Azar}, title = {CCR7 and CXCR4 Expression in Primary Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Nodal Metastases – a Clinical and Immunohistochemical Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1093-1104}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1093}, abstract = {  Background: Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common head and neck malignancies demonstrating lymph node LN involvement. Recently chemokine receptor overxpression has been reported in many cancers. Of particular interest, CCR7 appears to be a strong mediator of LN metastases, while CXCR4 may mediate distant metastases. Any relations between their expression in primary HNSCCs and metastatic lymph nodes need to be clarified. Aims: To investigate CCR7 andCXCR4 expression in primary HNSCCs of all tumor sizes, clinical stages and histological grades, as well as involved lymph nodes, then make comparisons, also with control normal oral epithelium. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 60 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of primary HNSCCs, 77 others of metastasi-positive lymph nodes, and 10 of control normal oral epithelial tissues. Sections were conventionally stained with H&E and immunohistochemically with monoclonal anti-CCR7 and monoclonal anti-CXCR4 antibodies. Positive cells were counted under microscopic assessment in four fields (X40) per case. Results: There was no variation among primary HNSCC tumors staining positive for CCR7 and CXCR4 with tumor size of for CCR7 with lymph node involvement. However, a difference was noted between primary HNSCC tumors stained by CXCR4 with a single as compared to more numerous node involvement. CXCR4 appear to vary with the clinical stagebut no links were noted with histological grades. Staining for primary HNSCC tumors and metastatic lymph nodes correlated.}, keywords = {CCR7,CXCR4,metastatic lymph nodes,HNSCC}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45885.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45885_87df8ddf19efac59e19164e472179b86.pdf} } @article { author = {Ismail, Saber and El Saadny, Sherif and Ziada, Dina and Zakaria, Soha and Mayah, Wael and Elashry, Heba and Arafa, Mona and Elmashad, Nehal}, title = {Cytokeratin-18 in Diagnosis of HCC in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1105-1111}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1105}, abstract = {  Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy that occurs secondary to viral hepatitis B and C cirrhosis under the influence of environmental factors. In early stages, clinical diagnosis is often difficult and distinguishing HCC from cirrhosis and other hepatic masses by conventional tests is frequently not feasible. Physicians usually depend on measuring serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), but this marker has low sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this research was to determine any role of serum cytokeratin-18(Ck-18) as a marker for diagnosis of HCC in patients with liver cirrhosis. Patients and methods: We used ELISA to measure the serum levels of AFP and CK 18 in 60 Egyptian patients (30 cirrhotic and 30 with HCC) and 30 controls. Results: The Ck-18 level was significantly elevated in the HCC group (1247.8± 105.3U/L) when compared to the liver cirrhosis (834.1± 38.8 U/L) and control groups (265.2±83.1U/L). Ck-18 as a marker showed 95.6% sensitivity, 93.3% specificity and 98.8% accuracy. The mean serum AFP was 4901.4±2185.8ng/ml in the HCC group, 100.7±71.7 ng/ml in the cirrhotic group, and 4.0±1.2ng/ ml in controls. AFP showed 55. 7% sensitivity, 97. 7% specificity and 84.4% accuracy. Combined use of both Ck-18 and AFP improved the sensitivity to 98%. Conclusion: Serum cytokeratin-18 level can be used as a diagnostic biomarker for HCC with a higher sensitivity than AFP.}, keywords = {Cytokeratin-18,cirrhosis,HCC,Hepatocellular carcinoma,alpha fetoprotein}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46257.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46257_9fbbe9ddb14b07bc1e548b4cf0688a1d.pdf} } @article { author = {Tukiendorf, Andrzej and Mansournia, Mohammad Ali and Wydmański, Jerzy and Wolny-Rokicka, Edyta}, title = {Association between Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Death from Brain Metastases of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: a Gliwice Data Re-Analysis with Penalization}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1113-1116}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1113}, abstract = {  Background: Clinical datasets for epithelial ovarian cancer brain metastatic patients are usually small in size. When adequate case numbers are lacking, resulting estimates of regression coefficients may demonstrate bias. One of the direct approaches to reduce such sparse-data bias is based on penalized estimation. Methods: A re- analysis of formerly reported hazard ratios in diagnosed patients was performed using penalized Cox regression with a popular SAS package providing additional software codes for a statistical computational procedure. Results: It was found that the penalized approach can readily diminish sparse data artefacts and radically reduce the magnitude of estimated regression coefficients. Conclusions: It was confirmed that classical statistical approaches may exaggerate regression estimates or distort study interpretations and conclusions. The results support the thesis that penalization via weak informative priors and data augmentation are the safest approaches to shrink sparse data artefacts frequently occurring in epidemiological research.}, keywords = {small number datasets,sparse data bias,penalized Cox regression}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46025.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46025_2a5a9f9242c1036028fc7092d5b07e31.pdf} } @article { author = {Rakmanee, Sarinthorn and Pakakasama, Samart and Hongeng, Suradej and Sanguansin, Sirima and Thongmee, Acharawan and Pongstaporn, Wanida}, title = {Increased Risk of Thai Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with the MiR196a2 T>C Polymorphism}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1117-1120}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1117}, abstract = {  Objectives: This study assessed associations of the miR196a2 (rs11614913) T>C polymorphism withsusceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: Blood DNA samples from 104 childhood ALL patients and 180 healthy children were studied for the miR-196a2 (rs11614913) polymorphism using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approach. Results: The frequency of the miR-196a2 (rs11614913) T allele in controls was 0.51 compared with 0.33 in ALL cases. In this study, CC, TC heterozygote and CC/TC genotypes were significantly associated with increase childhood ALL susceptibility compared with the TT wild type (OR =4.321, 95% CI = 2.091-8.930 p=0.000, OR = 2.248, 95% CI =1.103-4.579, p=0.024, OR = 2.921, 95% CI = 1.504-5.673 p=0.001, respectively). However, the miR-196a2 (rs11614913) T>C polymorphism was not associated with demographic data or clinico-pathological data in ALL cases. Conclusion: CC, TC and CC+TC genotypes of miR-196a2 (rs11614913) was significantly associated with increased susceptibility in Thai childhood ALL but not with clinical variables.}, keywords = {Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia,miRNA-196a2,Polymorphism}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45358.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45358_7cb5630da569cc533c95f2fa65081f9a.pdf} } @article { author = {Davoudi Monfared, Esmat and Mohseny, Maryam and Amanpour, Farzaneh and Mosavi-Jarrahi, Alireza and Moradi Joo, Mohammad and Heidarnia, Mohammad Ali}, title = {Relationship of Social Determinants of Health with the Three-year Survival Rate of Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1121-1126}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1121}, abstract = {  Background: Social determinants of health are among the key factors affecting the pathogenesis of diseases. Considering the increasingly high prevalence of breast cancer and the association of social determinants of health with its occurrence, related morbidity and mortality and survival rate, this study sought to assess the relationship of three-year survival rate of breast cancer with social determinants of health. Materials and Methods: This cohort study was conducted on males and females presenting to the Cancer Research Center of Shohada-E-Tajrish Hospital from 2006 to 2010 with definite diagnosis of breast cancer. Data were collected via phone interviews. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression was fitted using SPSS (version 18) and PH assumption was tested by STATA (version 11) software. Results: The study was performed on 797 breast cancer patients, aged 25-93 years with mean age of 54.66 (SD=11.86) years. After 3 years from diagnosing cancer 700 (87.8%) patients were alive and 97 (12.2%) patients were dead. Using log rank test, there was relationship between 3-year survivals with age, education, childhood residence, sibling, treatment type, and district were significant (p<0.05). Using Cox PH regression, 3-year survival was related to age, level of education, municipal district of residence and childhood condition (p<0.05). Conclusion: Social determinants of health such as childhood condition, city region residency, level of education and age affect the three-year survival rate of breast cancer. Future studies must focus on the effect of childhood social class on the survival rates of cancers, which have been paid less attention to.}, keywords = {survival,breast cancer,survival -social determinant of health}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46096.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46096_1b5157d9cf92f5e6999a7606de118fce.pdf} } @article { author = {Yuan, Guangke and Zhao, Yanqing and Wu, Dongjin and Gao, Chunzheng}, title = {Mir-150 Up-Regulates Glut1 and Increases Glycolysis in Osteosarcoma Cells}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1127-1131}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1127}, abstract = {  Objective: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. Many studies have shown that microRNAs play a critical role in proliferation and metastasis with this tumour type. However, whether aberrant expression might contribute to a metabolism switch in osteosarcoma cases is not clearly understood. In this study, we explored expression and function of miR-150 in osteosarcoma cells. Materials and methods: Expression of miR-150 was assessed by real-time PCR in cell lines and human patient tissues. Scramble siRNA, miR-150 inhibitor, and miR-150 mimics were transfected into osteosarcoma cells to determine their effects on proliferation rate, glucose uptake and lactate secretion. Finally, the relationship between Glut1 and the miR-150 level was explored by luciferase reporter assay and western blotting. Result: miR-150 was consistently decreased in cell lines and osteosarcoma tissues as compared to osteoblast cells and normal bone. Ectopic overexpression of miR-150 inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation and suppressed glucose uptake and lactate secretion. Loss of function of miR-150, on the other hand, enhanced osteosarcoma cell proliferation and increased glucose uptake and lactate secretion. Western blot and luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-150 may function by regulating Glut1 expression. Conclusion: These data suggest that miR-150 is involved in regulation of glycolysis in osteosarcoma cells by influencing Glut1 expression.}, keywords = {miR-150,Glycolysis,GLUT1,osteosarcoma}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45412.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45412_300b1d18b746a5025f31ec215924f89a.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammad Khanlou, Ziba and Pouladi, Nasser and Hosseinpour Feizi, Mohammadali and Pedram, Negar}, title = {Lack of Associations of the MDM4 rs4245739 Polymorphism with Risk of Thyroid Cancer among Iranian-Azeri Patients: a Case-Control Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1133-1138}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1133}, abstract = {  Background and Aim: MDM4, a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppression pathway, has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. Research has revealed that the rs4245739 A>C polymorphism of MDM4 in the 3′-untranslated region makes it a miR-191 target site, leading to lower MDM4 expression. This study aimed to detect if the rs4245739 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) impacts on thyroid cancer (TC) development in Iranian-Azeri patients. Materials and Method: Blood samples were taken from 232 healthy controls and 130 TC patients of Iranian-Azeri ethnicity. For genotyping, Tetra-ARMS PCR was performed. SPSS for Windows (version 22.0, IBM SPSS Inc., USA) and the SHEsis online software were used for data analysis. Results: Alleles of MDM4 rs4245739 SNP demonstrated no significant different in frequencies between patients and controls (p>0.05). Additionally, genotypes of MDM4 rs4245739 SNP did not increase or decrease TC risk in patients compared with healthy subjects. Conclusion: Considering the lack of any observed association between the MDM4 rs4245739 polymorphism and TC, we conclude no significant role in the pathophysiology of the disease.}, keywords = {Thyroid cancer,MDM4,SNP,rs4245739}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45907.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45907_cb32517d3517019ef7d549573dc03501.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmadloo, Niloofar and kadkhodaei, Behnam and Omidvari, Shapour and Mosalaei, Ahmad and Ansari, Mansour and Nasrolahi, Hamid and Hamedi, Sayed Hasan and Mohammadianpanah, Mohammad}, title = {Lack of Prophylactic Effects of Aloe Vera Gel on Radiation Induced Dermatitis in Breast Cancer Patients}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1139-1143}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1139}, abstract = {  Purpose: Radiotherapy induced dermatitis is a common and sometimes serious side effect. We conducted a randomized study to understand whether the adjunctive use of aloe vera gel might reduce the prevalence and/or severity of radiotherapy induced dermatitis. Methods: One hundred patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer were randomized to receive aloe vera gel or nothing during adjuvant radiotherapy consisting of conventional external beam radiation using 6 MV mega voltage linear accelerator photons. The radiation portals were composed of breast fields in all patients and supraclavicular and posterior axillary fields in node positive cases. The total dose was 50 Gy with a daily fraction of 2 Gy, five fractions per week. Results: Dermatitis was first found among patients of both groups after week 2. In the aloe vera and control groups, 2/8 patients and 5/12 patients had dermatitis grade 1 after weeks 2 (P value = 0.240) and 3 (P value = 0.317). After the 4th week, the numbers were 18 and, 23 fordermatitis grade 1 and only 1 for grade 3 dermatitis (P value = 0.328). After the 5th week, 31, 12 and 2 patients in the aloe vera group and 36, 6 and 5 of the controls had grades 1, 2 and 3 dermatitis, respectively (P value = 0.488). Conclusion: Aloe vera exerted no positive effect on prevalence orseverity of radiation dermatitis in this study.}, keywords = {breast cancer,radiation dermatitis,Aloe vera,Prevention}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45414.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45414_cad2778728d1bfe1bd375067fbd6c948.pdf} } @article { author = {Nadaf, Asmanaz and Rani, Hephzibah and S S, Parinitha and Rao, Ravikala and Shastri, Dinesh}, title = {Pap Smears in Endometrial Adenocarcinoma: Does It Have a Role?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1145-1150}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1145}, abstract = {  Background: Historically the conventional Pap smear has been an effective screening tool for Carcinoma cervix. However the reporting of benign and malignant endometrial cells on Pap smear has remained controversial. There are very few studies addressing the utility of Pap smears in diagnosing endometrial carcinomas. Objective: To rescreen the Pap smears of patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma for the detection of normal/ atypical endometrial cells and to correlate with clinico-pathological parameters. Methods: The present study was carried out at SDM College of Medical Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India for a period of 7 years. Of the 89 endometrial cancers diagnosed, Pap smear slides were available in 32 patients, which were reviewed and classified as normal cells/ atypical cells. Corresponding biopsy slides were reviewed for tumour type, nuclear grade, myometrial invasion and stage. Statistical tests of independence were applied for selected clinico-pathological parameters. Results: Cervical cytology was normal in nine patients (28.1%) and atypical in 23 patients ( 71.2%). The most common histological type was endometrioid carcinoma in 27 cases (84%). 13 cases(40.5%) had nuclear grade 1 whereas 9 cases(28%) and 10 cases(31.2%) had grades 2 and 3, respectively. Of the 22 cases assessed for invasion and stage, 12 cases had <1/2 of invasion (41.2%) and remaining 10 cases had >1/2 of invasion (58.8%). Early stages (I and II) had 17 cases (77.27%) and advanced stage (III and IV )had 5 cases (23.5 %). Significant correlation was found between post-menopausal status and higher nuclear grades (p<0.05).Conclusion: Pap smear is primarily a screening test for squamous cell carcinoma cervix. If atypical glandular cells are seen, further investigations are required to rule out neoplasia. All women with atypical endometrial cells on Pap tests need endometrial sampling irrespective of age/menstrual status.}, keywords = {Pap smear,Endometrial cancer,histological type,nuclear grade}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46026.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46026_01af82de2037420027c2884f49a4326c.pdf} } @article { author = {Arif Harahap, Wirsma and Ramadhan, A and Khambri, Daan and Haryono, Samuel and Nindrea, Ricvan Dana}, title = {Outcomes of Trastuzumab Therapy for 6 and 12 Months in Indonesian National Health Insurance System Clients with Operable HER2-Positive Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1151-1156}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1151}, abstract = {  Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the outcome of trastuzumab therapy for 6 or 12 months in patients with HER2 positive operable breast cancer who followed the national health insurance system in Indonesia. Methods: Data were extracted from medical records of Dr. M Djamil General Hospital Padang and Dharmais Cancer Hospital/ National Cancer Center Jakarta for post-operative breast HER-2 positive cancer patients treated with trastuzumab for 6 or 12 months who had been followed up for at least 5 years (January 1st in 2010 until December 31st in 2015). Disease free survival and overall survival rates and their relationship with trastuzumab duration was investigated using survival analysis (the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test). Data were analyzed using the STATA program. Results: A total of 121 women fulfilled the criteria of the study, 80 who had received trastuzumab for 6 months and 41 patients who received 12 months’ therapy. Disease free survival was 54 months (95% CI 45-63) compared with 63 months (95% CI 54-72), respectively. The log-rank test p value was 0.048 so the 12 months’ treatment regime did result in a significantly lower probability of recurrence compared with the 6 months’ regime (HR = 2.6). Analysis of the overall survival rate revealed median survival of 57 months (95% CI 49-64) for 6 months’ therapy compared to 62 months (95% CI 53-72) for 12 months. However, the log-rank test p value of 0.073 indicated that the extra six months of therapy did not decrease the probability of death (HR = 2.4). Conclusion: Trastuzumab therapy for 12 months reduced the recurrence rate in post-operative breast HER-2 positive cancer patients but did not significantly reduce mortality.}, keywords = {HER2 possitive,breast cancer,Trastuzumab}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46013.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46013_700a0523fc616ac833294fe03aeb5d58.pdf} } @article { author = {Shahbazi, Sara and Heidari, Mohammad and Ghafourifard, Mansour}, title = {Comparison of Direct and Indirect Methods of Teaching Breast Self-Examination – Influence on Knowledge and Attitudes of Iranian Nursing and Midwifery Personnel}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1157-1162}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1157}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Monthly breast self-examination (BSE) has beenpresented as one of the best screening methods available. The aim of this study was to compare effects of both direct and indirect methods of teaching of BSE on knowledge and attitudes of nursing and midwifery personnel. Materials andMethods: The present study was performed on 89 nursing and midwifery personnel in Valiasr hospital of Borujen city.Participants were randomly divided into a direct and an indirect training group. Researcher-designed BSE knowledgeand attitude and demographic information questionnaires were used for data collection. Results: Before the educationintervention, the mean levels of knowledge and attitude were 9.82±2.79 and 56.5±6.21 in the direct training group and9.59±2.71 and 54.5±4.51 in the indirect training group; after the intervention, they reached 19.2±0.96 and 62.9±4.21, and 11.0±2.58 and 59.0±3.44, respectively. The difference in the mean levels of knowledge and attitude were significantly higher in the direct training group post intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion: It appears that educational planners and hospital personnel education officials should seek to teach aspects of crucial health behavior to female personnel using cooperative and direct training methods.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Education,screening method,Health Personnel}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46237.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46237_9ff02246df2fde6cf359ff5d4c509222.pdf} } @article { author = {Aksenova, Irina A and Moore, Malcolm and Domozhirova, Alla S}, title = {Trends in Breast Cancer Epidemiology in Chelyabinsk Region, 2006-2015}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1163-1168}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1163}, abstract = {  Breast cancer among women occupies a leading position in the profile of cancer incidence in most parts of the world. The present study of the incidence and prevalence of breast cancer was carried out using data from the Chelyabinsk population cancer registry for 2006-2015. A stable growth trend in the incidence over time was noted overall, as well as major differences in the figures for women of different ethnicities (Russian, Tatar, Bashkir), by far the highest incidences being observed for Russian women. Urban rates were generally higher than in rural sites and a shift towards older age at presentation was seen between 2006 and 2015. At the same time a slight decrease in mortality was noted, from 42.4% to 33.5% relative to incidence, with a decrease in the proportion of stage IV cancers. This might have been related to increasing use of mammography screening.The data have obvious connotations for primary prevention and particularly for measures adopted for secondary prevention in detection of the disease in its early stages, facilitating reduction in associated mortality. Improvement in screening rates is thus a high priority for more effective management of breast cancer in the region.}, keywords = {breast cancer,incidence trends,age dependence,ethnic variation,Chelyabinsk}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45884.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_45884_02707cc17a69424b501ccb41eacc88bb.pdf} } @article { author = {Zakaria, Zubaidah and Othman, Norodiyah and Ismail, Azli and Kamaluddin, Nor Rizan and Esa, Ezalia and Abdul Rahman, Eni Juraida and Mat Yusoff, Yuslina and Mohd Fauzi, Fazlin and Sew Keoh, Ten}, title = {Whole-Exome Sequencing of ETV6/RUNX1 in Four Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Cases}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {1169-1175}, year = {2017}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.4.1169}, abstract = {  Background: ETV6/RUNX1 gene fusion is the most frequently seen chromosomal abnormality in childhood acute lymphobastic leukamia (ALL). However, additional genetic changes are known to be required for the development of this type of leukaemia. Therefore, we here aimed to assess the somatic mutational profile of four ALL cases carrying the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene using whole-exome sequencing. Methods: DNA was isolated from bone marrow samples using a QIAmp DNA Blood Mini kit and subsequently sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq system. Results: We identified 12,960 to17,601 mutations in each sample, with a total of 16,466 somatic mutations in total. Some 15,533 variants were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 129 were substitutions, 415 were insertions and 389 were deletions. When taking into account the coding region and protein impact, 1,875 variants were synonymous and 1,956 were non-synonymous SNPs. Among non-synonymous SNPs, 1,862 were missense, 13 nonsense, 35 frameshifts, 11 nonstop, 3 misstart, 15 splices disrupt and 17 in-frame indels. A total of 86 variants were located in leukaemia-related genes of which 32 variants were located in the coding regions of GLI2, SP140, GATA2, SMAD5, KMT2C, CDH17, CDX2, FLT3, PML and MOV10L1. Conclusions: Detection and identification of secondary genetic alterations are important in identifying new therapeutic targets and developing rationally designed treatment regimens with less toxicity in ALL patients.}, keywords = {Whole-exome sequencing,ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene,Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia,secondary genetic alteration}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46277.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_46277_7e5612288b7ee402563322927e553a3c.pdf} }