@article { author = {Abtahi, Shabnam and Asadipour, Morvarid and Ghaderi, Abbas}, title = {The Legacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vindicating the Clonal Evolution Model of Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2029-2030}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2029}, abstract = {Organogenesis and tumorigenesis seem to be followinga set pretty similar instructions and pathways and tumors,like any other organ, can be seen as the summation ofmany different cell types. However, unlike normal tissues,intercellular networks in cancer show high degreesof robustness and plasticity, employing other cellularnetworks in favor of their own growth1. The integratedhallmarks of cancer were first described by Hanahan andWeinberg in 20002, and was updated in 2011 by the samescientists3. They have described 10 hallmarks including:1) self-sufficiency in growth signals, 2) not responding toantigrowth signals, 3) unlimited proliferation, 4) resistingapoptosis, 5) genomic instability, 6) angiogenesis, 7)deregulated metabolism, 8) inflammation, 9) escapingimmune destruction, and 10) tissue invasion andmetastasis3, all of which have stood the test of time asbeing integral components of most forms of neoplasms.These unifying hallmarks are a reflection of the networkstructure of human cells dictating which genetic/epigeneticalterations are viable and in favor of tumor formationand progression. Among all the theories trying to explainthe origins and hallmarks of cancer since Hippocrates4,clonal evolution and the stem cell hypothesis are the twotheories that explain hallmarks of cancer the best5. Forthe purpose of this editorial our focus will be on the clonalevolution theory.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_69796.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_69796_0739e77e54e75531b109968922df3ccd.pdf} } @article { author = {Saei Ghare Naz, Marzieh and Simbar, Masumeh and Rashidi Fakari, Farzaneh and Ghasemi, Vida}, title = {Effects of Model-Based Interventions on Breast Cancer Screening Behavior of Women: a Systematic Review}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2031-2041}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2031}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is a great concern for women’s health; early detection can play a key role in reducingassociated morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to systematically assess the effectivenessof model-based interventions for breast cancer screening behavior of women. Methods: We searched Scopus, PubMed,Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane library and Google scholar search engines for systematic reviews, clinicaltrials, pre- and post-test or quasi-experimental studies (with limits to publication dates from 2000-2017), Keywordswere: breast cancer, screening, systematic review, trials, and health model. In this review, qualitative analysis wasused to assess the heterogeneity of data. Results: Thirty six articles with 17,770 female participants were included inthis review. The Health belief model was used in twenty three articles as the basis for intervention. Two articles usedboth the Health belief model and the Health Promotion Model, 5 articles used Health belief model and The Transtheoretical Model, 2 used Hthe ealth belief model and Theory planned behavior, 2 used the Health belief model andthe Trans theoretical Model, 2 used the Trans theoretical Model, 1 used social cognitive theory, and 1 used SystematicComprehensive Health Education and Promotion Model. The results showed that model-based educational interventionsare more effective for BSE and CBE and mammography screening behavior of women compare to no model basedintervention. The Health belief model was the most popular model for promoting breast cancer screening behavior.Conclusions: Educational model-based interventions promote self-care and create a foundation for improving breastcancer screening behavior of women and increase policy makers’ awareness and efforts towards its enhancement breastcancer screening behavior.}, keywords = {breast cancer,model,Screening,Systematic review,Women}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66501.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66501_d61ba8134702303725893bcabf5fc812.pdf} } @article { author = {Yang, Wenjie and Wang, Dandan and Huang, Litao and Chen, Yue and Wen, Shu and Hong, Qi and Kang, Deying}, title = {Thalidomide Combined with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) for Intermediate or Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Systematic Review and GRADE Approach}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2043-2055}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2043}, abstract = {Objective:According to current guidelines, there is no clear second-line treatment for advanced liver cancer.In practice, clinicians have attempted to use thalidomide(TLD) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) for treating liver cancer. This study aims to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of TLD combined with TACEin patients with intermediate or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane CentralRegister of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), database of ClinicalTrials.gov, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang databasewere searched for eligible studies. Criteria for inclusion in our meta-analysis included a study that patients diagnosedwith intermediate or advanced HCC, the use of TACE plus TLD or its derivatives, and the availability of outcomedata for survival. A meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the evidences of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).And finally, the GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of these evidences. Results: Twelve RCTs involving894 Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) patients were included. The meta-analysis results showed that TACE plus TLD wassignificantly superior than TACE alone in terms of 12-month survival rate (OR=2.55, 95% CI:1.78-3.64, P<0.01), 24-monthsurvival rate (OR=2.95, 95% CI:1.96-4.44, P<0.01), 36-month survival rate (OR=2.95, 95% CI:1.41-6.19, P<0.004),progression-free survival (PFS) (MD=2.23, 95% CI:1.19-3.28 , P<0.001), objective response rate (OR=1.84, 95%CI:1.34-2.52, P<0.0001), and disease control rate (OR=2.68, 95% CI:1.80-3.99). Subgroup analysis demonstratedno differences across related outcomes. Sensitivity analyses showed no important differences in the estimates ofeffects. Quality of evidence for all outcomes was rated moderate to very low after applying GRADE approach.Conclusions: Current evidence seemed to support the suggestion that TACE plus TLD as the second line treatment forpatients with intermediate or advanced HCC. However, this finding is not definitive due to the poor quality of includedstudies, more carefully designed and conducted RCTs are warranted to confirm above conclusions.}, keywords = {Carcinoma, Hepatocellular,Chemoembolization,Thalidomide,Systematic review}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65599.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65599_4c4bb39346379892fa02e3f30247bd8c.pdf} } @article { author = {Elfaki, Imadeldin and Mir, Rashid and Almutairi, Fahad M and Duhier, Faisel M Abu}, title = {Cytochrome P450: Polymorphisms and Roles in Cancer, Diabetes and Atherosclerosis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2057-2070}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2057}, abstract = {Cytochromes P450s (CYPs) constitute a superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of drugs and othersubstances. Endogenous substrates of CYPs include eicosanoids, estradiol, arachidonic acids, cholesterol, vitamin Dand neurotransmitters. Exogenous substrates of CYPs include the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and about 80% ofcurrently used drugs. Some isoforms can activate procarcinogens to ultimate carcinogens. Genetic polymorphisms ofCYPs may affect the enzyme catalytic activity and have been reported among different populations to be associatedwith various diseases and adverse drug reactions. With regard of drug metabolism, phenotypes for CYP polymorphismrange from ultrarapid to poor metabolizers. In this review, we discuss some of the most clinically important CYPsisoforms (CYP2D6, CYP2A6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP1B1 and CYP1A2) with respect to gene polymorphisms anddrug metabolism. Moreover, we review the role of CYPs in renal, lung, breast and prostate cancers and also discusstheir significance for atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.}, keywords = {CytochromeP450,Polymorphism,T2D,Atherosclerosis,Drug metabolism}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66160.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66160_153b8fc08b64907951c519e8b4f95a40.pdf} } @article { author = {Sengupta, Debmalya and Guha, Udayan and Mitra, Sagnik and Ghosh, Sampurna and Bhattacharjee, Samsiddhi and Sengupta, Mainak}, title = {Meta-Analysis of Polymorphic Variants Conferring Genetic Risk to Cervical Cancer in Indian Women Supports CYP1A1 as an Important Associated Locus}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2071-2081}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2071}, abstract = {Objective: Association of multiple polymorphic variants with cervical cancer has been elucidated by severalcandidate gene based as well as genome-wide association studies. However, contradictory outcomes of those studieshave failed to estimate the true effect of the polymorphic variants on cervical cancer. Methods: Literature mining ofthe PubMed database was done to gather all the publications related to genetic association with cervical cancer in India.Out of 98 PubMed hits only 29 genetic association studies were selected for meta-analysis based on specific inclusioncriteria. A fixed-effect meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the overall association of the genetic polymorphismswith cervical cancer. Cochran’s Q test was performed to assess between study heterogeneity. Publication bias wasalso estimated by funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Further, sub-group analysis was conducted by fixed-effectmeta-regression to assess the impact of polymorphisms on cervical cancer in the presence of Human Papilloma Virus(HPV). Result: Following a fixed-effect model, meta-analysis was conducted that revealed 2 polymorphic variantsviz. ‘deletion polymorphism (Del2) (OR=1.79, 95% CI= 1.08-2.95, P=0.023) in GSTM1’ and ‘rs1048943 (OR = 2.34,95% CI=1.37-3.99, P=0.0018) in CYP1A1’ to be associated with cervical cancer. However, multiple testing correctionshowed only rs1048943 of CYP1A1 to be significantly associated (P-value=0.029) with cervical cancer with significantpublication bias (P-value=0.0113) as estimated by Egger’s regression test. The polymorphic variants ‘rs1801131’,‘rs1801133’, ‘rs2430561’, ‘rs1799782’, ‘rs25486’ and ‘rs25487’ showed significant (p<0.05) evidence of heterogeneitybetween studies by Cochran’s Q test and also by heterogeneity index (I2) calculation. Conclusion: Therefore, our studyrevealed significant association of rs1048943 in CYP1A1, but a nominal association of deletion polymorphism (Del2)in GSTM1 with cervical cancer, which provides a comprehensive insight on the true effect of the polymorphisms,reported in various case-control studies, on the risk of the development of cervical cancer in Indian women.}, keywords = {Cervical cancer,Meta-analysis,Polymorphism,HPV,logistic regression}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65593.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65593_163ac9f191015edf16853a09fba53d59.pdf} } @article { author = {da Silva, Raimunda Magalhães and Pinheiro, Cleoneide Paulo Oliveira and Bezerra, Indara Cavalcante and Caldas, José Manuel Peixoto and Brasil, Christina César Praça}, title = {Mastectomy and the Meaning Attributed by Patients to Delay in Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2083-2088}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2083}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is a major public health problem and its early detection (ED) can reduce the number ofbreast mutilations, morbidity and mortality rates, health costs and negative health outcomes. Given that, this studyaimed to assess the meaning attributed by mastectomized women to delay in early detection of their breast cancers.Methods: Qualitative research was conducted with 26 mastectomized women who participated in semi-structuredinterviews about the meaning of delay in early detection of breast cancer in a reference oncology outpatient clinic inthe city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil from December 2015 to January 2016. Information was analyzed onthe basis of symbolic interactionism. Results: After noticing breast changes, women start to ponder about them andexperience this moment according to interpretive particularities. Fear of disease, multiple roles in modern society,denial of breast changes, lack of information on the issue, and lack of professionals to encourage their involvement inhealth care, favor delay in the search for care and therefore in the early detection of breast cancer, which is a determinant of therapeutic success. Conclusion: Women receive limited information and professional support for breast health. Delay inearly diagnosis occurred in all the women who participated in the study.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Early Diagnosis,Patient Adherence,Women’s Comprehensive Health Care}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66083.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66083_b6d589e1451366d47a528a7c309b417a.pdf} } @article { author = {Ukawa, Shigekazu and Tamakoshi, Akiko and Murakami, Yoshitaka and Kiyohara, Yutaka and Yamada, Michiko and Nagai, Masato and Satoh, Atsushi and Miura, Katsuyuki and Ueshima, Hirotsugu and Okamura, Tomonori and Research Group, EPOCH-JAPAN}, title = {Pooled Analysis of the Associations between Body Mass Index, Total Cholesterol, and Liver Cancer-related Mortality in Japan}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2089-2095}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2089}, abstract = {Objective: We employed a large-scale pooled analysis to investigate the association of liver cancer-relatedmortality with being overweight/obese and total cholesterol (TC) levels, since limited and inconsistent data on theseassociations exist in Japan. Methods: A total of 59,332 participants (23,853 men and 35,479 women) from 12 cohortswithout a history of cancer who were followed for a median of 14.3 years were analyzed. A sex-specific stratifiedCox proportional hazards model adjusted for age and other potential confounders was used to calculate hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for liver cancer-related mortality. Results: A total of 447 participants(266 men and 181 women) died of liver cancer within the follow-up period. Individuals classified as having a highBMI (≥25.0 kg/m2) and low TC levels (mortality (HR 7.05, 95% CI 4.41–11.26 in men; HR 8.07, 95% CI 4.76–13.67 in women) when compared with thosein the intermediate BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and TC (160–219 mg/dL) categories. These associations remained afterlimiting the follow-up duration to >5 years. Conclusion: Being overweight/obese, combined with low TC levels, wasstrongly associated with liver cancer-related mortality in the EPOCH-JAPAN.}, keywords = {Obesity,Cholesterol,Body mass index,Liver cancer,pooled-analysis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66087.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66087_f98bbd39f50cf015609f9f719bdb4b18.pdf} } @article { author = {Rijhwani, Kavita and Mohanty, Vikrant Ranjan and Balappanavar, Aswini Y and Hashmi, Sumbul}, title = {Compliance Assessment of Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act in Public Places in Delhi Government Hospitals}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2097-2102}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2097}, abstract = {Objective: Tobacco-free policies in hospital campus reduce exposure to tobacco smoke; change the demeanour ofthe professionals, patients and people visiting hospitals towards tobacco use. Section-4, 5 and 6 of COTPA (Cigarettesand Other Tobacco Products Act) necessitates the need for implementation of the prohibition on smoking in publicplaces. Against this background, the present work was designed to evaluate the status of compliance Section 4, 5 and6 of COTPA in Delhi Government hospitals Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted withinGovernment hospitals. Multistage random sampling was used to select 18 hospitals out of 39 hospitals from 5 zones.Standard assessment Proforma developed by John Hopkins School of Public Health for assessing compliance toTobacco-Free Law was used and modified to address certain aspects of Section-4, 5 and 6 of COTPA. Hospital campuseswere assessed by dividing them into zones like hospital buildings, office buildings, public places outside the hospitaland residential areas. Result: Signs of active tobacco use observed in 40.6% of hospital buildings, 35.3% in officebuildings, and 75.4% in public places outside the buildings. ‘No smoking signage was not as per the COTPA guidelinesin 21.4% of the hospitals and 72% were not tobacco free outdoors in these positions. Conclusion: The study highlighteda lower compliance rate than expected which raises questions on law enforcement concerning tobacco. Hence necessarymeasures have to be used up for sustained awareness campaigns, backed by enforcement drives. Periodic compliancesurveys will strengthen the implementation of tobacco free legislation in health care institutions.}, keywords = {Compliance assessment,Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act,Tobacco free laws,Hospital locations,Delhi}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65591.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65591_9d8e0d3f452233ae2268b450f8bb6e4a.pdf} } @article { author = {Taheri, Jamileh Bigom and Namazi, Zahra and Azimi, Somayyeh and Mehdipour, Masoumeh and Behrovan, Romin and Rezaei Far, Kosar}, title = {Knowledge of Oral Precancerous Lesions Considering Years Since Graduation Among Dentists in the Capital City of Iran: a Pathway to Early Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Referral?}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2103-2108}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2103}, abstract = {Background: Late diagnosis and improper treatment lead to many avoidable deaths in patients suffering from oralcancer. This study evaluated the knowledge and perceptions of general dentists regarding oral precancerous lesionsand oral cancer risk factors with reference to early diagnosis and referral. Materials and Methods: In this descriptivestudy, 200 private general dental practitioners were randomly selected in Tehran, Iran. Demographic information andyears since graduation were recorded; knowledge levels were evaluated with a standardized questionnaire consisting of15 closed-response item questions about precancerous lesions and oral cavity cancer. Each correct answer got onepoint. Results: Out of 200 selected dentists, 153 returned completed questionnaires. The average age of participantswas 36 and the average achieved score was 7.96 out of 15 (Min 3, Max 13). Most (64.7%) of participants were inthe group that graduated within the previous 10 years, 23.5% between 10 and 20 years since graduation, and 11.8%more than 20 years previously. There was a statistically significant difference between the most recently graduatedgroup (< 10 years) and the other two groups. The dentists’ awareness was also significantly dependent on age. Therewas no statistically significant difference in awareness between male and female dentists. Conclusion: As professionaloral health care providers, dentists should be aware of all aspects regarding precancerous lesions in order to optimizeearly diagnosis and referral of oral cancer patients. Training courses and continuing education seem to be an essentialstrategy to increase and maintain knowledge of this group.}, keywords = {Knowledge,malignant,oral,Diagnosis,precancerous}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66111.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66111_69262029fededb3fcf5d713d55cc7dbe.pdf} } @article { author = {Badr, Lina Kurdahi and Bourdeanu, Laura and Alatrash, Manal and Bekarian, Garine}, title = {Breast Cancer Risk Factors: a Cross- Cultural Comparison between the West and the East}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2109-2116}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2109}, abstract = {Background: The incidence of breast cancer in Lebanon is higher than any other Middle –Eastern country, isdiagnosed at a younger age than women in Western countries, and is more aggressive and fatal. Therefore addressingrisk factors in this population is of paramount importance. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional, comparativedesign evaluated the risk factors for breast cancer in a convenient sample of 105 Lebanese-American women with 250Lebanese. Odds Ratio, Chi square t-tests or ANOVA were used to compare the two groups’ risk factors and knowledgeof screening tools. Associations found to be statistically significant were included in three multiple logistic regressionmodels to estimate the odds of each variable for performing a mammography, a clinical breast exam (CBE) and a breastself-exam (BSE). Results: There were more Muslims in the Lebanese-American sample who perceived having a betterincome, and had a better understanding of the effectiveness of the mammogram, the CBE and the BSE. The Lebanesegroup reached menopause at an older age, t = 2.66, p = 0.05, smoked more, OR = 1.42, p = 0.001 and were five timesmore likely to live close to a main road or highway, OR = 5.75, p = 0.001 than the Lebanese-American group. TheLebanese- Americana group breast fed longer χ2= 11.68, p = .008, used contraceptives more, OR = 1.74, p = 0.027,exercised more, OR = 1.61, p < 0.001, and consumed more vegetables and fruits than their Lebanese counterparts, OR=1.22, p = 0.002, and OR = 1.27 p = 0.001, respectively. For ever having a mammogram, the duration of breastfeeding(>6 months), effectiveness of the mammogram, and exercise were significant predictors. While for ever having a CBE,smoking, eating fruits, and exercise were significant. No variables were related to performing a BSE. Conclusion: TheLebanese women had higher risk factors for developing breast cancer, and had less knowledge of the benefits of breastcancer screening tools, calling for the importance of promoting healthy life styles and education.}, keywords = {breast cancer,risk factors,Screening}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66089.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66089_b4b0f3205ab70267c409cb41e8b421f4.pdf} } @article { author = {Khazayel, Saeed and Mokarram, Pooneh and Mohammadi, Zeinab and Ramezani, Fatemeh and Dayong, Zhang}, title = {Derivative of Stevioside; CPUK02; Restores ESR1 Gene Methylation in MDA-MB 231}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2117-2123}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2117}, abstract = {Background: CPUK02 (15-Oxosteviol benzyl ester) is a new ent-kaurenoid derivative of stevioside and exhibitsstrong anti-cancer activity. Nowadays, the pattern of epigenetic in cancer has been topic of many studies and DNAmethylation targeting represents a relevant strategy for cancer treatment. Since, no study conducted to this mechanism, weattempt to evaluate whether CPUK02 induce its anti-cancer effects via alteration the level of mRNA DNMT3B, DNMT3Aexpression and ESR1 methylation pattern in breast cancer cells line. Methods: MCF-7 (ER +) and MDA-MB231 (ER-)cell lines were treated for 24, 48 hours with 1 μM CPUK02 and 5-AZA-CdR (DNA methyltransferase inhibitor).Quantitative expression of DNMT3B and DNMT3A genes and ESR1 promoter methylation was assessed by Real-TimePCR and MS-PCR, respectively. Results: CPUK02 restored ESR1 promoter unmethylated allele in MDA-MB 231cells. Also treatment with CPUK02 decreased the expression of both DNMT3A and DNMT3B genes like 5-AZA.The expression of DNMT genes were diminished by half compared with control cells. Conclusions: These results showedthat CPUK02 has an anticancer effect on MDA-MB 231 cells which this effect can be done through several pathways.}, keywords = {CPUK02,DNMT,Gene expression,Methylation pattern,Estrogen Receptor}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66112.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66112_cc0f0c9916ea739318c09edd6953a70c.pdf} } @article { author = {Makvandi, Manoochehr and Soleimani Jelodar, Rahim and Samabafzadeh, Alireza and Neisi, Niloofar and Sharifi, Zohreh and Gholampour, Azadeh and Masjedizadeh, Abdolrahim and Shayesteh, Aliakbar}, title = {Natural History of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Ahvaz City, Iran}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2125-2129}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2125}, abstract = {Objective: A long persistent of Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) infection may develop liver cirrhosis or hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) and about one million people die due to HBV -related liver cancer and end-stage liver disease annuallyworldwide. The natural history of CHB phases comprises four phases: immune tolerant (HBeAg detectable and ALT(Alanine Transaminase) normal, HBeAg-positive immune active (HBeAg detectable, anti-HBe antibodies undetectableand ALT persistently elevated), HBeAg-negative immune active (HBeAg undetectable, anti-HBe antibodies presentand ALT persistently elevated), inactive carrier (HBeAg undetectable, anti-HBe antibodies present and ALT normal).The evaluation of chronic hepatitis B phases is a crucial to manage the burden of disease and limit the developmentof associated complications, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus this study conducted toevaluate the natural history of HBV infection in patients with chronic HBV infection in Ahvaz city, Iran. Methods: Inthis study, 71 non-treated CHB individuals were recruited including 44 (62%) males and 27(38%) females. The serawere tested for HBV markers, HBsAg, HBcIgG, HBeAg, and HBeAb. ALT assay and HBV viral load were carried outfor each CHB individual. Results: Based on the analysis of serological, ALT status and viral load, the results showed:immune tolerance 5(7%), eAg+ Immune Clearance 14(19.7%), eAg- Immune Clearance 29 (40.84%) and InactiveCarrier 23 (32.39%). The HBeAg seroconversion was observed in a male age 18 year. Conclusion: The results ofthe natural history of individuals with chronic hepatitis B phases CHB shows immune tolerance (7%), eAg+ ImmuneClearance (19.7%), eAg- Immune Clearance (40.84%) and Inactive Carrier (32.39%). To prevent the consequence ofCHB infection, an individual in immune tolerance phase should be tested periodically for ALT level, HBV markers,HBsAg, HBcIgG, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBV viral load. Then decision-making therapy can be applied for CHB patientsat early stage of immune clearance.}, keywords = {Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB),HBsAg,HBeAg,Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Real-Time PCR}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66113.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66113_2f7373b42b787bc5c259be7e499707a3.pdf} } @article { author = {Farhadi, Sareh and Jolehar, Maryam and Safapour, Fatemeh}, title = {Micronucleus Assay of Buccal Mucosal Cells in Hairdressers: The Importance of Occupational Exposure}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2131-2134}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2131}, abstract = {Background and objective: Today, the chemical materials available in hair dyes are considered risk factors for manycancers, particularly oral cancer. This study was performed to study the effect of occupational exposure on micronucleus(MN) frequency of buccal mucosa cells in hairdressers. Materials and methods: This historical cohort study wasperformed on 28 hairdressers and 28 control samples. To eliminate the gender variable, all the samples were womenand they were matched by age. Buccal mucosa cells were removed using a wet spatula and after fixation, Papanicolaoustaining method was applied. The percentage of the cells containing MN was registered. T-test was used to comparethe results between the two groups. Results: The mean percentages of MN in buccal mucosa cells of hairdresser’s andcontrol sample were 16.61±4.95 and 8.84±4.74, respectively, with a significant difference (P<0.001). In addition, higherMN mean percentage was reported in subjects working more than 60 hours weekly compared with those working 60hours and less; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.14). Conclusion: In the present study,hairdressers demonstrate significantly higher average of MN in buccal mucosa cells. Also, it seems increment in theirworking time can increase MN frequency in these studied samples.}, keywords = {micronucleus,nuclear change,hairdresser,buccal mucosa}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66084.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66084_2f1a3cfe3c67cdcf7c54efc6aa981236.pdf} } @article { author = {Salem, Rana and Akel, Reem and Fakhri, Ghina and Tfayli, Arafat}, title = {Burnout among Lebanese Oncologists: Prevalence and Risk Factors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2135-2139}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2135}, abstract = {Background: Burnout syndrome (BOS) is defined as a work-related psychological state characterized by emotionalexhaustion, depersonalization, and low sense of personal accomplishment. Despite the extensive data on physicianburnout, studies assessing the prevalence of burnout among oncologists in the Middle East and especially Lebanon arelacking. Our main objective was to determine this prevalence as well as identify potential factors associated with thedevelopment of burnout. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among medical, surgical, and radiationoncologists attending several Continuing Medical Education (CME) activities in Lebanon over the course of a threemonth period. Participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire composed of socio-demographicand work characteristics, as well as the Maslach Burnout Inventory- Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS). Results: A totalof 51 oncologists completed the survey. Medical oncologists constituted the majority (84.3%), followed by surgicaloncologists (9.8%) and radiation oncologists (5.9%). Approximately 47.1% of our sample had a high burnout level in atleast one of the domains. 33.3% of oncologists exhibited high emotional exhaustion (EE) scores, 19.6% demonstratedlow personal accomplishment (PA) scores, and 13.7% displayed high depersonalization (DP) scores. There was nostatistically significant association between overall burnout level and any of the demographic or work characteristics.However, age was significantly associated with EE (p=0.03), while DP scores were significantly associated with thenumber of patients seen daily (p=0.028). Conclusion: Burnout is common among cancer professionals in Lebanon.Future research is needed to explore the problem in depth and suggest effective preventive approaches.}, keywords = {burnout,Lebanon,Oncologist,Maslach Burnout Inventory,MBI}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65594.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65594_c3ee408a3a69aa4077adae678f0e6b5c.pdf} } @article { author = {Hazarika, Manasi and Mahanta, Lipi B}, title = {A New Breast Border Extraction and Contrast Enhancement Technique with Digital Mammogram Images for Improved Detection of Breast Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2141-2148}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2141}, abstract = {Purpose: Breast cancer can be cured if diagnosed early, with digital mammography which is one of the mosteffective imaging modalities for early detection. However mammogram images often come with low contrast, highbackground noises and artifacts, making diagnosis difficult. The purpose of this research is to preprocess mammogramimages to improve results with a computer aided diagnosis system. The focus is on three preprocessing methods: a breastborder segmentation method; a contrast enhancement method; and a pectoral muscle removal method. Methods: Theproposed breast border extraction method employs a threshold based segmentation technique along with a combinationof morphological operations. The contrast enhancement method presented here is divided into two phages. In phaseI, a bi-level histogram modification technique is applied to enhance the image globally and in phase II a non-linearfilter based on local mean and local standard deviation for each pixel is applied to the histogram modified image. Thepectoral muscle removal method discussed here is implemented by applying a region growing algorithm. Results:The proposed techniques are tested with the Mini MIAS dataset. The breast border extraction method is applied to322 images and achieved 98.7% segmentation accuracy. The contrast enhancement method is evaluated based onquantitative measures like measure of enhancement, absolute mean brightness error, combined enhancement measureand discrete entropy. The proposed contrast enhancement method when applied to 14 images with different types ofmasses, the quantitative measures showed an optimum level of contrast enhancement compared to other enhancementmethods with preservation of local detail. Removal of the pectoral muscle from MLO mammogram images reducedthe search region while identifying abnormalities like masses and calcification. Conclusions: The preprocessing stepsproposed here show promising results in terms of both qualitative and quantitative analysis.}, keywords = {mammogram image,Histogram Equalization,Contrast Enhancement,breast border,pectoral muscle}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66158.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66158_a2fde9e95f583b188f59c17db3fbf87e.pdf} } @article { author = {Aghvami, Marjan and Keshavarz, Arghavan and Nazemi, Melika and Zarei, Mohammad Hadi and Pourahmad, Jalal}, title = {Selective Cytotoxicity of α-Santonin from the Persian Gulf Sponge Dysidea Avara on Pediatric ALL B-lymphocytes via Mitochondrial Targeting}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2149-2154}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2149}, abstract = {Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most dominant malignancies among children,characterized by production of immature and dysfunctional blasts which are resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapeuticagents. Therefore, research protocols are currently focusing on discovery of novel anti-cancer agents to enhance survivalrates and decrease unwanted side effects. Approximately two-thirds of the planet is covered by oceans with a massiverange of marine organisms of interest to scientists in pharmaceutical fields. Methods: Among marine resources, spongesare known to have beneficial effects in the treatment of numerous malignancies. One fraction of crude extracts containingα-Santonin was made from the Persian Gulf marine sponge, Dysidea avara, and investigated for anticancer effects.Results: Treatment of ALL B-lymphocytes with the Dysidea avara extract caused augmentation in ROS generation,decline in mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial swelling, release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaand activation of caspase-3 only in mitochondria isolated from B-ALL lymphocytes. Conclusion: In brief, our resultssuggest that Dysidea avara extracts may selectively induce apoptosis in malignant pediatric lymphocytes.}, keywords = {B-ALL lymphocyte,Dysideaavara,mitochondria,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66270.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66270_1cb0fafd60af2ae2010ddb03bbf6d5f1.pdf} } @article { author = {Shirazi Zadeh Mehraban, Shadan and Namdar, Azam and Naghizadeh, Mohammad Mehdi}, title = {Assessment of Preventive Behavior for Cervical Cancer with the Health Belief Model}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2155-2163}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2155}, abstract = {Introduction: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death in developing countries. However, taking regular Pap smearsscreening, one of the most effective screening tests, can reduce chance of cervical cancer remarkably. The first step inhealth education is choosing the right model, one of the best known being the Health Belief Model (HBM). Here, weevaluated different HBM factors with regard to cervical cancer preventive behavior in Fasa, Iran. Materials and methods:This cross-sectional study included 200 married women between the ages of 17 and 64 in Fasa during 2013. Participantswere selected through stratified sampling from urban health centers. The questionnaire of the HBM included four sectionsand was filled out by interview. Data analysis was with SPSS 21, ANOVA and t-tests and Internal correlations betweencomponents of model were analyzed in terms of the Spearman Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The mean age ofthe participants was 35.6±9.89 years. Some 52% had undergone a Pap test. The percentage values for participants’knowledge and perceived susceptibility were 49.5% and 46%, respectively, considered as moderate. Perceived severityand benefits were good at 56.5% and 73%, respectively, while perceived barriers was moderate (46.5%). Also, 57.1%demonstrated a good self-efficacy and 61% good behavior. Discussion: We found that the most predictable factors forknowledge and behavior were age, income level, perceived benefits, perceived severity and self-efficacy according tothe HBM. These factors should be taken into account for achieving acceptable preventive behaviors in health programs.}, keywords = {Key word: cervical cancer,Health Belief Model,Knowledge,Pap smear}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66088.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66088_48fb375cebee5818aafcc5e8d3e39122.pdf} } @article { author = {Pahwa, Vandita and Nair, Suma and Shetty, Ranjitha S and Kamath, Asha}, title = {Prevalence of Oral Premalignant Lesions and Its Risk Factors among the Adult Population in Udupi Taluk of Coastal Karnataka, India}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2165-2170}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2165}, abstract = {Objective: Globally oral cancer is one of the ten most common cancers with prevalence being high in Centraland South East Asian countries. This survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of oral pre-malignant lesions(OPML) and to identify their risk factors. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among2033 individuals aged ≥18 years. A questionnaire was administered to collect socio-demographic characteristics, variousrisk factors for oral cancer and presence of its symptoms. Oral cavity of all the participants was examined in detail bythe study investigator as per WHO guidelines for the early diagnosis of oral neoplasia. Result: The prevalence ofOPML was found to be 3.73%. Among those with OPML, all were ever tobacco consumers and had poor oral hygiene.A significant association was observed between OPML and younger age group (OR=2.56, 95% CI 1.08-6.02), males(OR=26.76, 95% CI 8.40-85.19) and low socio-economic status (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.20-3.02). Tobacco (p<0.001),alcohol (OR= 7.92, 95% CI 4.77-13.14) and areca nut consumption (OR = 5.48, 95% CI 3.42-8.77) were stronglyassociated with OPML. On multivariate analysis among ever tobacco users, OPML was associated with youngerindividuals, males and those using smokeless forms of tobacco (p <0.05). The study showed that the participants withOPML were more likely to be never married (OR=1.6, 95% CI 0.92-2.96),to be unskilled workers (OR= 1.45, 95% CI0.61-3.43), to have suffered from oral trauma (OR =1.30, 95% CI 0.75-2.26), to have consumed hot and spicy foodfrequently (OR=1.53, 95% CI 0.96-2.24), to have consumed fruits infrequently (OR=1.53, 95% CI 0.90-2.59) and toreport family history of any cancer (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 0.58-2.87) . However, these associations were statisticallyinsignificant. Conclusion: The study reinforces that use of substances such as tobacco, alcohol and areca nut are themodifiable risk factors for OPML.}, keywords = {oral premalignant lesions,Screening,risk factors,tobacco use}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65373.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65373_c7297bac4804711e708e59ef8c9d4607.pdf} } @article { author = {Miranda, Isabela Pagani Heringer de and Nogueira, Denismar Alves and Martins, Natalia da Silva and Alves, Ricardo da Silva and Carvalho, Leonardo}, title = {Repeated Measures Models Applied to Cancer Patients Treated with Exergames}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2171-2176}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2171}, abstract = {Objective: The objective of this study was to define an appropriate linear model to analyse data on muscular fatiguein cancer patients over time through repeated measures techniques. Methods: Using the split plot in time system andlinear mixed models, three groups of individuals were compared as to the methods used to reduce muscle fatigue.Group Cancer consisted of individuals who had already been treated; group Control consisted of healthy individualsand group Chemo / radio-therapy consisted of individuals diagnosed with cancer undergoing chemo and radiationtherapy. Sessions were tested with exergames. A series of muscle strength data for each of the six muscles studied, in thepre-treatment, mid-treatment and final sessions. Result: The structure that best fit the covariance matrix was ARMA(1,1), according to AIC and BIC. There were significant differences and tendencies in the data series, especially forthe left tibial muscle, in which the interactions between group and session and between group and time were significant,showing that exergames treatment increased muscle strength in debilitated patients and, with 20 sessions, the groupsequalled in muscle strength. Conclusion: The linear mixed model proved to be efficient in modelling plots subdividedin time. Identifying the best structure of the covariance matrix allowed us to better estimate the effects, using testsappropriately to verify differences between factors that were not detected when using the median frequency of strength.}, keywords = {Linear mixed model,Split plot,Analysis of variance}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66528.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66528_af46029241daf225b2d7aea3035c2ea0.pdf} } @article { author = {Zhu, Qi-Qi and Wang, Chun and Chen, Yue-Yun and Ding, Zhen-Yu}, title = {Impaired Liver Function Implied Shorter Progression Free Survival for EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2177-2181}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2177}, abstract = {Background: Epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) revolutionize the standardof care for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring sensitive EGFR mutation. Liver toxicity is thedose-limiting factor for TKI but its importance is largely overlooked. Here the relationship between the elevationof transaminase and progression-free survival (PFS) was explored. Methods: This was a retrospective study wherepatients with advanced NSCLC were screened. And those treatment-naïve and with sensitive EGFR mutation whowere prescribed with EGFR TKI were enrolled. The highest level of transaminase (alanine aminotransferase, ALT, andaspartate transaminase, AST) during the treatment course was recorded. Results: Totally 208 patients were recruited,and most of them (48.6%) took gefitinib. The whole cohort achieved a median PFS of 11.2 months (95%CI: 10.0-12.3m). 73 (35.1%) patients had elevated transaminase and most was attributed to gefitinib (n=43, 42.5%). Specifically,ALT was elevated in 65 patients (31.3%) while AST in 24 patients (11.5%). Again, gefitinib was associated with morecases of ALT (40.6%) and AST (17.8%) elevation. The elevation of AST was not related to PFS (P=0.259, HR=0.751,95%CI: 0.464-1.214). Interestingly, those with normal ALT level had a longer PFS (12.6m, 95%CI: 10.6-14.5 m) thanthose with elevated ALT (9.5m 95%CI: 7.9-11.0 m, P=0.025, HR=0.682, 95%CI: 0.488-0.953). The inverse relationshipwas confirmed in the COX regression analysis (P=0.047). Conclusion: This study revealed the side effects of elevatedALT was inversely related to the PFS of EGFR TKI treatment. The liver impairment by TKI should not be overlooked.}, keywords = {epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR),lung cancer (NSCLC),progression-free survival (PFS),transaminase}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66085.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66085_57da201a5ef4e32a59c46a0ce1ea0856.pdf} } @article { author = {Dolatkhah, Roya and Somi, Mohammad Hossein and Shabanloei, Reza and Farassati, Faris and Fakhari, Ali and Dastgiri, Saeed}, title = {Main Risk Factors Association with Proto-Oncogene Mutations in Colorectal Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2183-2190}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2183}, abstract = {Objective: Although several factors have been shown to have etiological roles in colorectal cancer, few investigationshave addressed how and to what extent these factors affect the genetics and pathology of the disease. Precise relationshipswith specific genetic mutations that could alter signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer remain unknown.We therefore aimed to investigate possible links between lifestyle, dietary habits, and socioeconomic factors and specificmutations that are common in colorectal cancers. Methods: Data were retrieved from a baseline survey of lifestyle factors,dietary behavior, and SES, as well as anthropometric evaluations during a physical examination, for 100 confirmedprimary sporadic colorectal cancer patients from Northwest Iran. Results: High socioeconomic status was significantlyassociated with higher likelihood of a KRAS gene mutation (P < 0.05) (odds ratio: 3.01; 95% CI: 0.69–13.02). Consumingcarbohydrates and alcohol, working less, and having a sedentary lifestyle also increased the odds of having a KRASmutation. Conclusion: Although research has not yet described the exact relationships among genetic mutations withdifferent known risk factors in colorectal cancer, examples of the latter may have an impact on KRAS gene mutations.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,risk factors,KRAS,Regression}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66140.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66140_7cffbe6b6734f7ac9e592845b729f0a4.pdf} } @article { author = {Kiatbumrung, Rattanaporn and Chuaypen, Natthaya and Payungporn, Sunchai and Avihingsanon, Anchalee and Tangkijvanich, Pisit}, title = {The Association of PNPLA3, COX-2 and DHCR7 Polymorphisms with Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Patients with HCV Mono-Infection and HCV/HIV Co-Infection}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2191-2197}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2191}, abstract = {There is increasing evidence that host genetic variations may influence the natural history of chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection. The aim of this study was to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)of PNPLA3 (rs738409), COX-2 (rs689465) and DHCR7 (rs12785878) and advanced liver fibrosis in Thai patients. Atotal of 220 patients with HCV mono-infection, 200 patients with HCV/HIV co-infection and 200 healthy controls wereenrolled. The SNPs were detected by allelic discrimination using real-time PCR with TaqMan probes. Liver stiffnessmeasurement (LSM) was assessed by transient elastography. Our results showed that the distribution of the studiedSNPs were not significantly different between the HCV mono- and co-infected groups. The frequencies AG and GGgenotypes of rs689465 and GG genotype of rs12785878 were less commonly found in the HCV mono- and co-infectedgroups compare with healthy controls (P<0.01). Among patients with HCV infection, older age, HIV co-infection,GG genotype of rs738409 and GG genotype of rs689465 were independently associated with advanced liver fibrosis(LSM≥9.5 kPa) in multivariate analysis. Moreover, the percentage of patients with advanced liver fibrosis increasedsignificantly along with the accumulated numbers of these risk genotypes. In conclusion, PNPLA3 (rs738409) andCOX-2 (rs689465) polymorphisms were associated with advanced liver fibrosis in patients with HCV mono- andco-infection, suggesting that these variants might play an important role in progressive liver fibrosis in these patients.}, keywords = {polymorphisms,HCV,HIV,fibrosis,cirrhosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66509.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66509_bfbb3bba770959718741d079735e55ba.pdf} } @article { author = {Wahidin, Mugi and Djuwita, Ratna and Adisasmita, Asri}, title = {Oral Contraceptive and Breast Cancer Risks: a Case Control Study in Six Referral Hospitals in Indonesia}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2199-2203}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2199}, abstract = {Objective: This study aimed to understand the effects of the use of oral contraceptive to breast cancer risk in sixreferral hospitals in Indonesia. Methods: The research design was hospital based case-control, conducted in 2013.Population was women patients aged 15 years and above in six cancer-referral hospitals in five provinces. Total of 762people were included in this study consisting of 381 who are diagnosed with breast cancer as confirmed by histopathologicexamination in inpatient surgery ward, and 381 people who are not diagnosed with breast cancer based on interviewin outpatient surgery ward as control group. A set of data were collected including the use of oral contraceptives, age,early menarche, childbirth status, breastfeeding status, obesity, unhealthy diet, history of benign breast tumors, familyhistory of breast cancer, and age of menopause. Result: Results showed that Odds Ratio (OR) of patients using oralcontraceptive (95% CI 1.65– 5.09) as compared to people who did not use oral contraceptive. Conclusion: Use of oral contraceptivein patients was indicated to increase the risk of breast cancer. Longer the duration of using oral contraceptive tend tohave higher the risk of breast cancer.}, keywords = {Oral contraceptive,estrogen,breast cancer risks,cancer-referral hospitals Indonesia}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66114.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66114_4f7623e19481230bed17b2140b77108b.pdf} } @article { author = {Tahergorabi, Zoya and Moodi, Mitra and Zardast, Mahmoud and Ghayravani, Zahra and Tavakoli, Tahmine}, title = {Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of gastrointestinal Cancer: a Case-Control Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2205-2210}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2205}, abstract = {Background: The metabolic syndrome and its concomitant complications are a major public health challengeworldwide. Growing evidence implies associations with cancer development and progression. Since there has been noreport on this subject in South Khorasan, we studied metabolic syndrome components in gastrointestinal (GI) cancerpatients for comparison with a control group in this province. Materials and methods: This case-control study wasperformed on 68 patients with histopathologically proven gastrointestinal cancers, referred to the oncology centerin Birjand city (capital of South Khorasan province, Iran) in 2016-2017, and 100 control subjects without disease.Patients and control subjects completed a researcher-made questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, physicalactivities and food intake. Also, blood samples were obtained from both patients and control subjects after overnightfast. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure wereadditionally performed. Results: Significant differences in the levels of blood glucose and serum HDL were notedbetween the two groups (P≤0.001). Also, the percentage of pre-diabetic and diabetic patients in the case group washigher than the control group (17.6 and 16.2% vs. 10.3 and 2.9%) (P=0.009). Multiple logistic regression showed thatthe risk of gastrointestinal cancer in people with high blood glucose was 3.35 times that in those with normal bloodglucose (OR3.35, 95%CI,1.41-7.94; P=0.006) , 2.37 times higher in subjects with lower HDL (OR 2.37, 95%CI,1.18-4.78), 10.4 times higher in overweight people (OR10.4, 95%CI,2.23-48.5) and 4.3 times higher in individuals with anopium addiction(OR4.3, 95%CI, 1.6-11.5) than those without. The mean consumption of fish (P=0.03) and vegetablesand fruits (P=0.027) in the case group was significantly lower than in the control group. Conclusion: Emerging evidenceindicates that the metabolic syndrome or its individual components may be important in the etiology and progressionof GI cancer. Research to work toward preventing cancers should thus focus on nutritional and lifestyle modificationswhich may alleviate the metabolic syndrome.}, keywords = {Metabolic Syndrome,Gastrointestinal cancer,High blood glucose,High density lipoprotein,Odds ratio}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66142.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66142_ff939dfce5933fe44db9bfe7d06fb2ff.pdf} } @article { author = {Khashij, Shiva and Jalilian, Fatemeh and Vaezi, Masoumeh and Jalilian, Maryam and Gharibnavaz, Hassan and Ahmadi-Jouybari, Touraj and Naghibifar, Zahra and Karami, Hadis}, title = {Measuring Beliefs Related to Colorectal Cancer Screening Behavior among Iranian Middle-Aged and Elderly: a Psychometric Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2211-2216}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2211}, abstract = {The annual fecal occult blood test is a very important method for colorectal cancer early detection through screening.Our aim was to assess psychometrics of instrument measuring beliefs related to fecal occult blood test uptake amongIranian middle-aged and elderly, based on the theory of planned behavior. This cross-sectional study was performed on150 middle-aged and elderly who were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in Kermanshah, in the west of Iran.The studied constructs included attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and behavior intention. Datawere analyzed with SPSS software (ver. 21.0). The mean age of the respondents was 59.1 years [SD: 6.73], in the rangefrom 50 to 73. All of the loads of the exploratory factorial analysis were larger than 0.4. KMO was calculated as 0.756.Overall, four factors under investigation accounted for 82% of the variance in the hypothesized model. Cronbach’salpha for the measured constructs of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and behavior intentionwere 0.92, 0.88, 0.70 and 0.88, respectively. Our findings indicated the final scale to be adequately reliable and valid formeasurement of these constructs for prediction of fecal occult blood test uptake among Iranian middle-aged and elderly.}, keywords = {Early Detection of Cancer,Psychometrics,Attitude}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66514.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66514_1e5fadb9b3c7e3ef71c3a7ad6b13ab83.pdf} } @article { author = {Zainodini, Nahid and Hassanshahi, Gholamhossein and Hajizadeh, Mohammad Reza and Falahati-Pour, Soudeh and Mahmoodi, Mehdi and Mirzaei, Mohammad Reza}, title = {Nisin Induces Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Asterocytoma Cell Line (SW1088)}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2217-2221}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2217}, abstract = {Background: Nisin is a member of the group of anti-microbial peptides which are considered as bacteriocins,but it possesses a vast range of activities. Astrocytoma is among the most prevalent types of brain tumor globally.Considering all facts about this peptide, the aim of the present study was the evaluation of any impact of nisin onproliferation and apoptosis of an astrocytoma cell line (SW1088). Methods: The SW1088 cell line was purchased fromthe Pasteur Institute of Iran and treated with various concentrations of Nisin. Nisin-induced cell toxicity and apoptosiswere detected by both MTT assay and annexin V-FITC /propidium iodide (PI) staining. Result: In current study weobserved that the cell death and apoptosis were significantly increased following nisin treatment, as compared to thecontrol group. Conclusion: These results open a new window for establishment promising approaches with the conceptof anti-cancer therapy by nisin in the future.}, keywords = {Nisin,SW1088 tumor cell line,Cell Viability,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66144.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66144_41490aa462c2df7dd99292381a9bdaca.pdf} } @article { author = {Gaballah, Ahmed and Shafik, Amr and Elhusseiny, Khaled and Ashraf, Mai}, title = {Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Egyptian Patients: Single Institution Retrospective Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2223-2227}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2223}, abstract = {Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major toxicity that requires treatmentmodification or cessation and worsens patients’ quality of life. Its incidence is 30–40%. Occurrence and severity dependon treatment- and patient-related factors. The symptoms are self-limiting with recovery rate about 50%. Methods:This retrospective analysis took place in our chemotherapy unit. We included patients treated between January 2014and December 2015. Results: 250 patients were eligible. 53 received paclitaxel, 78 received docetaxel, 64 receivedcisplatin and 55 received oxaliplatin. Mean age was 50.11 years. Frequency of CIPN was 46.8% (Grade I 70.9%, GII24.7%, GIII 4.4%). It was 74% with oxaliplatin, 73.5% with paclitaxel, 35.9% with cisplatin and 17.9% with docetaxel.After median of 6 months 24% of patients recovered completely. No significant correlation between occurrence ofCIPN and age (p = 0.781), while was significant with cisplatin (p = 0.043). Diabetic patients had higher incidence (p= 0.007). With cisplatin, median cumulative dose of 450 mg/m2 and ≥ 6 cycles had higher incidence of CIPN (p 0.006and 0.010; respectively). With oxaliplatin, none was correlated with CIPN frequence. With paclitaxel, CIPN was morefrequent if ≥ 4 cycles were received (p = 0.005). With docetaxel, > 4 cycles or cumulative dose ≥ 360 mg/m2 had higheroccurrence of GII CIPN (p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: CIPN is common problem that affects patients’ quality oflife and leads to treatment interruption. There are many factors affecting its incidence and severity.}, keywords = {CIPN,Neuropathy,Egypt}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66115.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66115_3c0de15831720b4c8825a45d90920e44.pdf} } @article { author = {You, Wenpeng and Henneberg, Maciej}, title = {Prostate Cancer Incidence is Correlated to Total Meat Intake– a Cross-National Ecologic Analysis of 172 Countries}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2229-2239}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2229}, abstract = {Objective: To examine the association of total meat (animal flesh) consumption to prostate cancer incidence(PC61) at population level. Subjects and Methods: Data from 172 countries were extracted for analysis. Associationsbetween country specific per capita total meat intake and PC61 incidence at country level were examined usingPearson’s r and Spearman rho, partial correlation, stepwise multiple linear regression analyses with ageing, GDP, Is(index of magnitude of prostate cancer gene accumulation at population level), obesity prevalence and urbanizationincluded as the confounding factors. Countries were also grouped for regional association analysis. The data werelog-transformed for analysis in SPSS. Microsoft Excel, and ANOVA Post hoc Scheffe tests were applied to calculateand compare mean differences between country groupings. Results: Worldwide, total meat intake was strongly andpositively associated with PC61 incidence in Pearson’s r (r= 0.595, p<0.001) and Spearman rho (r= 0.637, p<0.001)analyses. This relationship remained significant in partial correlation (r= 0.295, p<0.001) when ageing, GDP, Is, obesityprevalence and urbanization were kept statistically constant. GDP was weakly and insignificantly associated with PC61when total meat intake was kept statistically constant. Stepwise multiple linear regression identified that total meatwas a significant predictor of PC61 with total meat intake and all the five confounders included as the independentvariables (R2=0.417). Post hoc Scheffe tests revealed nine significant mean differences of PC61 between the six WHOregions, but all disappeared when the contributing effect of total meat on PC61 incidence rate was removed. GDP wasnot identified as the statistically significant predictor of PC61 in either of the models including or excluding total meatas the independent variable. Conclusions: Total meat intake is an independent predictor of PC61 worldwide, and thedeterminant of regional variation of PC61. The longitudinal cohort studies are proposed to explore the association further.}, keywords = {Total meat (animal flesh)- prostate cancer- carcinogen- regional variation}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66159.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66159_3deb510932c0b31b577187ce82b3ef1b.pdf} } @article { author = {Sribudiani, Yunia and Marwan, Deinike W and Aulanni’am, Aulanni’am and Widodo, Muhammad A and Purnomo, Basuki B and Panigoro, Ramdan and Utomo, Ahmad}, title = {Germline Mutations and Polymorphisms of Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer Patients: Frequency and Results of in Silico Analysis}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2241-2245}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2241}, abstract = {Background: Germline and somatic polymorphisms and mutations of the Androgen Receptor (AR) gene are known tobe associated with the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) in different populations. In this study we assessed germline ARpolymorphisms and mutations in PCa patients with prediction of pathogenicity of the identified mutations by in silicoanalysis. Methods: Diagnosis of PCa was based on histopathology of prostate tissue (Gleason Score criteria) and serumprostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 38 patients. All exons andexon-intron boundaries of AR were amplified using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) followed by Sanger sequencing.In silico analysis was performed using Polyphen-2 and Mutation Taster®. Results: Two polymorphisms, CAG repeatsequence (13-34 repeats in length) and p.Pro214Glu (MAF: 0.0789) located in exon 1 were identified. A missensemutation (c.47C>A/p.Pro146Glu) and in-frame deletion of a CAG sequence leading to loss of Arginine at codon 85(c.252_254delCAG/p.Arg85-) were identified in a 70 year old patient with a Gleason Score and PSA level of 2 and2.4ng/dL, respectively. His PSA level decreased to < 0.5 ng/dL after 9 months of androgen deprivation therapy. Identifiedmutations were predicted to be non-disease causing by Polyphen-2 and Mutation Taster®. Conclusion: Our datademonstrated that the frequency of germline mutations of AR was low in PCa patients in Indonesia (5.26%: 2/38 alleles),so that they are not likely to be major etiological factors. The in silico analysis of identified AR mutations in this studycorroborated the clinopathology features of the patient.}, keywords = {Androgen Receptor,Germline,Mutation,Polymorphism,Prostate Cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65608.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65608_fb8531d8262088ecbd51bde8b75f3654.pdf} } @article { author = {Kuruppu, D C and Wijeyaratne, C N and Gunawardena, Nalika and Amarasinghe, I}, title = {Perceived Importance of Information Needs on Breast Cancer among Adults: a Population-Based Survey in the District of Colombo, Sri Lanka}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2247-2253}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2247}, abstract = {Background: Information needs of Breast Cancer (BC) and its perceived importance has not been adequatelyassessed in Sri Lanka. The present study aimed to assess cognitive information needs of BC among the adults. Methods:A household survey was conducted among a representative sample (n=1500) of over 18 years of age resident in thedistrict of Colombo not having BC patients in the families. A validated interviewer-administered questionnaire collectedinformation on general and cognitive information needs. Exploratory factor analysis assessed whether any of theaspects of informational needs are redundant and to group the needs. Results: Mean age of the participants was 37.21(SD = ±9.7) years. Proportion of females was 51.7%, 82.9% were married and 44.1% had been educated up to GeneralCertificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary Level. Exploratory factor analysis revealed all items of the questionnaire toform two groups that were named as “Factual information on BC prevention and early detection (screening and earlydiagnosis)” and “Factual information on BC diagnosis and treatment”. Results indicated that both groups of informationneeds were considered as highly important and the group “Factual information on BC diagnosis and treatment” (meanscore 4.20 ± 0.75) was perceived as more important than the other group. The perceived importance of informationneeds was shown to be significantly different based on the sex of the adults, marital status, level of education andthe employment status of the participants. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that cognitive information needs onBC are viewed as highly important by the general public. The study identified specific informational needs that areperceived as more important and some socio-demographic characteristics that are associated with higher perceivedneeds. The study recommends taking into account the findings of the study in designing the content and target groupsfor education on BC.}, keywords = {breast cancer,Breast self-examination,Early Detection of Cancer,Health Education,Health literacy}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65371.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65371_6733c8dc786c50638428982b66d7883c.pdf} } @article { author = {Soltantoyeh, Tahereh and Bahadori, Tannaz and Hosseini-Ghatar, Reza and Khoshnoodi, Jalal and Roohi, Azam and Mobini, Maryam and Golsaz-Shirazi, Forough and Jeddi-Tehrani, Mahmood and Amiri, Mohammad Mehdi and Shokri, Fazel}, title = {Differential Effects of Inhibitory and Stimulatory Anti-HER2 Monoclonal Antibodies on AKT/ERK Signaling Pathways}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2255-2262}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2255}, abstract = {Objective: Homo- and heterodimerization of the receptor tyrosine kinase HER2 hyperactivate several downstreamsignaling pathways, leading to uncontrolled growth and proliferation of tumor cells. Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies(mAbs) may induce different effects on HER2 dimerization and signaling. Methods: The effect of two inhibitory(2A8, 1T0) and one stimulatory (1H9) anti-HER2 mAbs either alone or in combination with trastuzumab was investigatedon AKT and ERK signaling pathways and HER2 degradation in a human breast cancer cell line (BT-474) by Westernblotting. Result: While 1H9 mAb had no significant effect on AKT and ERK signaling pathways, 1T0 and 2A8 mAbsinhibited phosphorylation of both pathways. Combination of 1T0 mAb with trastuzumab resulted in significant synergisticinhibition of both pathways and HER2 degradation, much more potently than the combination of trastuzumab andpertuzumab. Conclusion: Our data indicate that anti-HER2 mAbs may induce different signaling pathways dependingon their effect on tumor cell growth and proliferation. The significant inhibition of ERK and AKT phosphorylation by1T0 alone or particularly in combination with trastuzumab suggests its potential therapeutic application for targetedimmunotherapy of HER2 overexpressing malignancies.}, keywords = {breast cancer,extracellular signal-regulated kinase,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,signaling pathways,protein kinase B}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66147.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66147_85d5ca2473e4322d9f3cf5b15106b348.pdf} } @article { author = {Shafik, Roxan E and Abd El Wahab, Nahed and Senoun, Salwa A and Ebeid, Emad and El Taweel, Maha A}, title = {Expression of Micro-RNA 128 and Let-7b in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cases}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2263-2267}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2263}, abstract = {Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of leukemia and their alteredexpression is associated with many types of solid and hematological malignancies. Methods: The study was performedon 70 consecutive newly diagnosed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, of which 56 were evaluatedfor both bone marrow miR-128 and let-7b (all 70 for let-7b) by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerasechain reaction (RT-qPCR). In addition, seven age and sex matched healthy controls were assessed. Results: miR-128expression was significantly higher in ALL patients compared with healthy controls (p<0.001). However, the expressionlevels of let-7b showed no statistical significant difference between the groups. No significant links were noted withclinical details, laboratory data and response to treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest that determination ofmiR-128 expression level may provide a tool for confirmation of a diagnosis of childhood ALL, follow up for responseof treatment and a possible predictor of early relapse. Any role of let-7b in pediatric ALL needs to be further assessed.}, keywords = {ALL,RT-PCR,micro-RNA}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66498.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66498_f3d28e2705cd9a8b2be493648b5770e7.pdf} } @article { author = {Aboushousha, Tarek and Hammam, Olfat and Safwat, Gehan and Eesa, Ahmed and Ahmed, Shaza and Esmat, Mohamed Emad and Helmy, Ahmed Hazem}, title = {Differential Expression of RAGE, EGFR and Ki-67 in Primary Tumors and Lymph Node Deposits of Breast Carcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2269-2277}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2269}, abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is a complex disease that results from the inheritance of a number of susceptible genes.Intensive search wok was conducted world-wide on molecular bases of breast cancer in order to achieve the besttherapeutic modalities; however, breast cancer still remains a challengeable task. It is very important to determine ifthe biological parameters in metastatic regional lymph nodes are similar to that in the primary breast cancer becausetherapy is indicated for patients with synchronous metastatic regional lymph nodes of breast cancer. Difference intherapeutic response in cases of breast cancer may be assumed partially to variability in the biological behavior of tumortissue in primary breast cancer and lymph node metastasis. Aim: Our aim is to evaluate any variability in the expression ofthree types of tissue markers in both the primary breast tumors and corresponding axillary lymph nodes in order toexpect the targeted therapeutic effect on both sites. Material and Methods: Three markers from different categories;RAGE, EGFR and Ki-67 were immunohistochemicalyl studied for their expression in biopsy specimens from primarybreast tumors and their corresponding axillary lymph nodes. Results: There was a statistically significant difference inthe expression of these markers between benign and malignant breast lesions.Although we found some differences inthe expression of the three studied markers between primary breast cancer and corresponding axillary lymph nodes, yetthese variations were mostly not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our findings support the validity of anti-RAGEand anti-EGFR therapy for treatment of both primary and nodal metastatic breast cancer in immunopositive cases.}, keywords = {IHC,RAGE,EGFR,Ki-67,breast cancer}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66499.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66499_9311a0ec530e9683fd6bd098558e1e00.pdf} } @article { author = {Razavi, Seyed mohammad and Yahyaabadi, Roya}, title = {Comparative Study of Correlation between Angiogenesis Markers (CD31) and Ki67 Marker with Behavior of Aggressive and Nonaggressive Central Giant Cell Granuloma with Immunohistochemistry Technique}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2279-2283}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2279}, abstract = {Background: The central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is generally considered a non-neoplastic lesion. However,some cases show aggressive behavior like neoplasms. Based on clinical observations, a number of researchers haveclassified this lesion into aggressive and non- aggressive types. This study was aimed to investigate the associationbetween clinical behavior and histopathological features using immunohistochemical vascular CD31 and cellularproliferation Ki67 markers. Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytical, clinicopathological andimmunohistochemical study, 50 CGCGs, including 25 aggressive and 25 non-aggressive types were selected accordingto Chuong’s classification. The samples were then subjected to immunohistochemical staining to analyze positivity forCD31 and Ki67 markers. Numbers of blood vessels and percentage proliferation of underlying fibroendothelial cellswere assessed, and the obtained results were analyzed with the t-test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The resultsshowed a significant difference between aggressive and non-aggressive CGCG lesions in the mean incidences of Ki67(p=0.044). and CD31 (p=0.003) positivity. Conclusion: The present evaluation of expression rates for the vascularCD31 and cellular proliferation Ki67 markers showed there might be a positive relation between the clinical featuresand histopathology of CGCG. Furthermore, clinical behavior may be predicted based on features such as the numberof blood vessels and proliferation of fibroendothelial cells.}, keywords = {Aggressive central giant cell granuloma,non-aggressive central giant cell granuloma,vascular maker CD31,Ki 67 marker}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65362.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65362_4febbd5f8f1c1a8fbea71e38764f7cc3.pdf} } @article { author = {Hasan Shiri, Fatemeh and Mohtashami, Jamileh and Nasiri, Maliheh and Manoochehri, Houman and Rohani, Camelia}, title = {Stigma and Related Factors in Iranian People with Cancer}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2285-2290}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2285}, abstract = {Introduction: Stigma is one of the psychosocial and intercultural issues that can be found in chronic diseases,including cancer. Stigma may reduce communication due to social isolation, feeling shame and others’ judgment, andthese factors make far from professional services and poor health outcomes in individuals with cancer. Assessmentof stigma can help determine and recognize the overall levels of stigma in the community and identify situations thatneed intervention. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine stigma and related factors in individuals withcancer in Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 142 patients with cancer selectedvia convenience sampling method in two hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti Medical University. A demographicas well as clinical record form and “A questionnaire for measuring attitudes toward cancer (cancer stigma) ‑ Patientsversion” by Cho et al., (2013) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics andregression analysis. Results: More than one quarter of participants (26.1%) had negative attitudes toward cancerand high stigma score>= 2.5. More than half of the participants (57.5%) agreed that their job performance would bereduced even after treatment. 54.5% of the patients considered it difficult to regain health after being diagnosed. Therewas a significant correlation between the stigma score and the level of education (p= 0.033, OR=0.78). Conclusion:The results showed that stigma in dimensions of impossibility of recovery and stereotypical aspects of cancer weremore common. These findings can lead to interventions and educational efforts on cancer coherence which may helpin treatment, rehabilitation and return to normal life.}, keywords = {Keywords: Cancer,Stigma,Iran}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66527.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66527_5b1b08e998d9bcab500dad68994966ca.pdf} } @article { author = {Assaf, Magda I and Abd El-Aal, Wafaa and Mohamed, Samah S and Yassen, Noha N and Mohamed, Eman A}, title = {Role of Morphometry and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Differentiating between Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Low Grade Endometrial Adenocarcinoma}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2291-2297}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2291}, abstract = {Background: Endometrial carcinomas are common gynecologic malignancies worldwide. In Egypt they represent2.6 %. We evaluated the role of morphometry and MMP-9 immunohistochemical expression to differentiate atypicalendometrial hyperplasia from low grade endometrial adenocarcinoma. Methods: 60 cases of endometrial lesions thatincluded 25 cases of complex endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, 25 cases of low grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma,in addition to 10 cases of proliferative endometrium as a control group. Morphometric measurements and D-scorewere evaluated. MMP9 was performed using streptavidin –biotin immunoperoxidase system. Results: D score wasmore than 1 in 100% of cases of proliferative endometrium. In atypical hyperplasia 28 % of cases had a D-score morethan 1, 44% less than 0 and 28% of cases had a D score between 0 and 1 with uncertain prognosis. All carcinomacases had D-score less than 0. MMP9 was positive in all cases of the study but differ in its degree of expression;proliferative endometrium with low expression. Atypical hyperplasia divided as 52% low expression and 48% highexpression. Most of the Endometrial adenocarcinoma cases (92%) showed high expression. There was significantdifference in expression of MMP9 in atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial adenocarcinoma (p> 0.001).Conclusion: The relation between MMP9 expression and D-score value in cases of atypical endometrial hyperplasiawas highly significant P>0.001Thus, incorporating both MMP9 immunoexpression and D-score value would increasethe accuracy of diagnosis of atypical endometrial hyperplasia and low grade endometrial adenocarcinoma.}, keywords = {Endometrial adenocarcinomas,atypical endometrial hyperplasia,D score,MMP9}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66356.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66356_a7fadb906528d4582298526eef313aa4.pdf} } @article { author = {Nasaif, Husain A and Al Qallaf, Sayed Mahmood}, title = {Knowledge of Colorectal Cancer Symptoms and Risk Factors in the Kingdom of Bahrain: a Cross- Sectional Study}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2299-2304}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2299}, abstract = {Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is second in incidence rates in both genders in the Kingdom of Bahrain,with the number of new CRC cases sharply increasing in the last two decades. This study aimed to assess the levelsof knowledge regarding CRC among people living in the Kingdom. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design wasused to recruit a convenient sample of 505 adults aged 25 years or above. Face to face structured interviews wereconducted to supplement data gained from the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of participants was 37 (±10.43)years. Changes in bowel habits were the most commonly identified symptoms (46%) followed by lower abdominalpain (44%). Family history was the most commonly identified risk factor (38%) followed by smoking (28%). Theoverall score of knowledge of CRC was 56 (±18.4). The scores for symptoms and risk factors were 59 (±26.2) and 53(±17.5) respectively. It was found that female participants had better knowledge 59 (±17) than males 54 (±19) (P =.001). Participants with high levels of education had better knowledge (63%) compared with other groups, althoughthis was not statistically significant (P = .067). Conclusion: This study indicates poor knowledge among people livingin Bahrain regarding CRC symptoms and risk factors. Strategies and educational initiatives need to be implementedto enhance the general public’s awareness in this respect.}, keywords = {Level of Knowledge,colorectal cancer,Symptoms,risk factors}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65590.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65590_4cf89afc8d18ee0b5abda1862acba42d.pdf} } @article { author = {Ostadrahimi, Shiva and Abedi-Valugerdi, Manuchehr and Hassan, Moustapha and Haddad, Ghazal and Fayaz, Shima and ParvizHamidi, Monireh and Mahdian, Reza and Fard-Esfahani, Pezhman}, title = {miR-1266-5p and miR-185-5p Promote Cell Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2305-2311}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2305}, abstract = {Objective: Small non-coding RNA molecules are dysregulated in prostate cancer (PCa). In our previous study,downregulation of miR-1266 and miR-185 was demonstrated in PCa tissues and cell lines. The aim of the presentstudy was to investigate whether miR-1266 and miR-185 are involved in the regulation of B-cell lymphoma (BCL) 2and BCL2L1, respectively, and whether transfection of PCa cell lines with miR-1266 and miR-185 mimics can altertumorigenic phenotypes. Methods: In order to investigate the regulation of BCL2 and BCL2L1 mRNA levels bymiR-1266 and miR-185, respectively, a luciferase reporter assay was used. Real-time PCR was also used to analyzechanges in the levels of BCL2 and BCL2L1 mRNAs in PCa cell lines following transfection with synthetic miR-1266and miR-185. Cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V protein expression analysis via flow cytometry. In additionto the MTT assay, a cell proliferation assay was performed. Result: A luciferase assay confirmed that the BCL2 andBCL2L1 genes may be targeted by miR-1266 and miR-185, respectively, through binding to their 3′UTR regions.Transfection of PC3 and DU145 cells with miR-1266 and miR-185 induced apoptosis and reduced proliferation, whichalso revealed an inverse correlation with BCL2 and BCL2L1 gene expression in the treated cells. Conclusion: Ourdata suggests that miR-1266 and miR-185 may be novel candidates for further research in PCa treatment through theanti-apoptotic pathway.}, keywords = {Key words: miR-1266-5p,miR-185-5p,Prostate Cancer,BCL2,BCL2L1}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65374.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65374_248612b5736bdba90c105f770bb58ecd.pdf} } @article { author = {Ferreira Costa, Ana Paula and Goncalves, Ana Katherine and Machado, Paula Renata Lima and Souza, Luanda B. F. C. de and Sarmento, Ayane and Cobucci, Ricardo Ney Oliveira and Giraldo, Paulo César and Witkin, Steven S}, title = {Immune Response to Human Papillomavirus One Year after Prophylactic Vaccination with AS04-Adjuvanted HPV-16/18 Vaccine: HPV-Specific IgG and IgA Antibodies in the Circulation and the Cervix}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2313-2317}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2313}, abstract = {Objective: This study was designed to describe the course of IgG/IgA responses in cervical secretions and in serumone year after the first dose of intramuscular administration of the HPV16/18 AS04-adjuvant vaccine. Methods: Bloodand cervical mucus samples were collected for immunologic assays, 7 months after the first doses and 1 year followingthe last boost vaccination (month 7) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The detection of IgG and IgAanti-HPV/VLP was developed for this purpose. Result: A total of 100% of serum samples were IgG antibody positiveat a titer of 1:100 at both time periods and decreased according to the serum dilution. For serum IgA antibody, 95%were positive one month after vaccination and 79% were positive 1 year later. Similar results were observed withthe cervical samples positive for both IgG and IgA antibodies at one month and decreasing after 1 year to 33% and29%. The median absorbance in serum and the cervix for IgG and IgA anti-HPV-VLP antibodies was significantlyhigher at one month after vaccination when compared to 1 year post-vaccination (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Immuneresponses were significant one year after immunization, however it decreased in cervical and serum samples whencompared to levels observed one month after the last dose. This suggests that a vaccine booster may be necessary toincrease antibody titers.}, keywords = {Immunoglobulin G,immunoglobulin A,HPV,Vaccine}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66161.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66161_0ec80904340126b5e1be81d61853cd4c.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghasemi, Amin and Khanzadeh, Taghi and Zadi Heydarabad, Milad and Khorrami, Arash and Jahanban Esfahlan, Akram and Ghavipanjeh, Somayeh and Gholipour Belverdi, Mehdi and Darvishani Fikouhi, Saghar and Darbin, Akbar and Najafpour, Malihe and Azimi, Ako}, title = {Evaluation of BAX and BCL-2 Gene Expression and Apoptosis Induction in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line CCRFCEM after High- Dose Prednisolone Treatment}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2319-2323}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2319}, abstract = {Objective: Glucocorticoids are one of the most important drugs in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemiafor children. It is very important to response to glucocorticoid in the prognosis of these patients. Therefore, resistanceto treatment is a major problem in lymphoid leukemia cases. In, this study, CCRF-CEM cell line was selected as achemotherapy-resistant model. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high dose prednisolone on inductionof apoptosis and changes in BAX and BCL-2 gene expression at different times. Methods: CCRF-CEM cell lines weregrown in standard conditions. Based on previous studies, a dose of 700 μM as subtoxic dose was selected. Changes ingene expression of BAX and BCL-2 were evaluated by using real time PCR techniques. Also stained with annexin Vand the induction of apoptosis was assessed by FACS machine. Results: In this study it was found that prednisolone inhigh doses at different times significantly increased the gene expression of BAX and on the other hand the amount ofBCL-2 expression was reduced. Cells that treated for 48 hours had more significant changes in gene expression. Basedon flowcytometry data, prednisolone can induce apoptosis in a time dependent manner on this cancerous resistant cellline. Conclusions: Apoptosis induced by high-dose prednisolone in the CCRF-CEM cells, which is almost resistant,and possibly mediated by reducing the expression of BCL-2 and BAX up-regulation.}, keywords = {Leukemia,Prednisolone,BCL-2 associated X,BCL-2 Gene,Apoptosis}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66516.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66516_205c534d90ddb62f7617d165364e1323.pdf} } @article { author = {Takada, Shinya and Sagawa, Tamotsu and Fujikawa, Koshi and Tahatsu, Kanae and Fukai, Yuta and Hashishita, Hirokazu and Takahashi, Yasuo and Endo, Masayuki}, title = {Skin Disorders and Primary Tumor Location as Prognostic Factors in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Cetuximab and Chemotherapy}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2325-2330}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2325}, abstract = {Background: Cetuximab-induced skin disorder is common in colorectal cancer (CRC), and is known to affectprolonged overall survival (OS). Patients with left-sided CRC survive longer than those with right-sided CRC, amongthose treated with combination cetuximab and chemotherapy. However, no study has evaluated patient prognosisin terms of OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in relation to both tumor location and skin disorder. This studyaimed to determine the incidence of skin disorder according to tumor location and analyze the relationship of tumorlocation and skin disorder with OS. Methods: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with standardchemotherapy and cetuximab as first-line therapy were included. Differences in the incidence of skin disorders due tothe location of the primary tumors were compared in the same patient. The OS and PFS in relation to the location ofthe primary tumors and presence or absence of skin disorder were also compared. Results: Total frequency of eachskin disorder as rash acneiform, paronychia, and dry skin in patients with left- and right-sided mCRC was 70%, 70%,and 43% and 27%, 36%, and 27%, respectively. The median OS was 8.9 months for mCRC on the left-sided withoutskin disorder and 56.3 months for mCRC on the left-sided with skin disorder. In comparison, the median OS was 10.4months for mCRC on the right-sided without skin disorder and 11.3 months for mCRC on the right-sided with skindisease (left-sided with skin disorder versus other three group; P<0.001). Conclusions: Primary tumor location andthe presence of skin disorder are important factors in patients with mCRC who receive cetuximab. In particular, ourresults show the new fact that the left-sided and right-sided mCRC survival time were comparable if there is no skindisorder caused by cetuximab.}, keywords = {colorectal cancer,cetuximab,skin disease}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66086.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66086_658d184246747cc69da3210de1b66f33.pdf} } @article { author = {Sormunen, Jorma and Talibov, Madar and Sparén, Pär and Martinsen, Jan Ivar and Weiderpass, Elisabete and Pukkala, Eero}, title = {Perceived Physical Strain at Work and Incidence of Prostate Cancer – a Case-Control Study in Sweden and Finland}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2331-2335}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2331}, abstract = {The evidence that prostate cancer is associated to physical inactivity is inconsistent. We studied the association ofperceived physical workload (PPWL) at work and incidence of prostate cancer in a case-control setting. We used datafrom the Nordic Occupational Cancer study from Finland and Sweden. Five population controls were selected foreach prostate cancer patient, matched on age and country. We had 239,835 cases and 1,199,175 controls in our study.For each case and control we estimated cumulative PPWL based on probability, level and duration of PPWL usingthe NOCCA Job Exposure Matrix. We then stratified individuals as having no exposure (reference category), lowphysical activity (below 50th percentile of the exposed), moderate exposure (50th-90th percentile) and high exposure(90th percentile and higher). The hazard ratios for prostate cancer from the lowest to highest cumulative PPWL levelswere 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.89-0.91), 0.88 (0.87-0.89) and 0.93 (0.92-0.95). There was no statisticallysignificant dose response effect of PPWL on prostate cancer incidence. Inclusion of socioeconomic status in the modeldid not substantially change the result. The results were similar before Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing andduring the years of PSA testing in these countries. In summary, individuals with physical strain at work had a lowerrisk of invasive prostate cancer as compared to individuals without physical strain at work.}, keywords = {Epidemiology,Invasive Prostate cancer,Physical Workload}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66492.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66492_00ddc91b2bfdf38dbdfa0efe27a11682.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Asadi, Jasim N and Ibrahim, Sarah J}, title = {Childhood Cancer in Basrah, Iraq During 2012-2016: Incidence and Mortality}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2337-2341}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2337}, abstract = {Background: Worldwide, childhood cancer is rare. In addition, a distinct variation in both incidence and typedistribution was reported between countries. Aim: To estimate the incidence and mortality rates of childhood cancerin Basrah, Iraq during 2012-2016. Methods: This registry based descriptive study included children aged 0-14 yearswith primary cancer who were newly diagnosed in Basrah during 2012-2016. The types of malignant tumors wereclassified according to International Classification of Childhood Cancer, Version 3 (ICCC-3). The overall and specificincidence and mortality rates by age and sex were calculated per 100,000 population. Results: A total of 723 new casesof childhood cancer were registered during the five- year study period, with a male to-female ratio of 1.2/1. Childrenaged incidence rate (ASIR) was 13.87/100,000. Boys showed higher incidence rate than girls (14.78 vs. 12.66/100,000).Leukemia was the most common type of childhood cancer accounting for 35.4%, followed by lymphoma (17.8%),and central nervous system tumors 11.9%. The overall cancer-specific mortality rate was 6.04/100,000 and the ASMRwas 6.08/100,000 children. Conclusion: The incidence rate of childhood cancer in Basrah as well as the cancer typedistribution was comparable to that reported for developing countries.}, keywords = {Basrah,cancer,childhood,Incidence,mortality}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66530.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66530_b15e957bed6d55bb31fd7eef564da781.pdf} } @article { author = {Al Abdouli, Latifa and Dalmook, Hend and Akram Abdo, Maha and Carrick, Frederick and Abdul Rahman, Mahera}, title = {Colorectal Cancer Risk Awareness and Screening Uptake among Adults in the United Arab Emirates}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2343-2349}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2343}, abstract = {United Arab Emirates initiated the colorectal cancer (CRC) screening on 2013. Yet, one of the barriers to participationin CRC screening is lack of knowledge about the importance of CRC, its risk factors, and the benefits that could begained through screening. We aimed in this study to identify knowledge, attitude, and behavioral factors among thepublic that are associated with willingness to undergo CRC screening. A structured bilingual questionnaire in Englishand Arabic was designed by a multidisciplinary team and through a review of the literature. The survey consisted offour functional domains: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice related questions. Itwas encouraging that more than 65% of the total participants surveyed for the study were aware of CRC and theirmain source of information was media (395, 66%). However, the majority (379, 64%) were thinking that CRC is notcommon, and did not hear of the screening test for CRC (401, 67%). An overall evaluation of the answers revealed apoor level of knowledge on risk factors of CRC, and only 40% correctly identified fecal occult blood as main test forCRC prevention. Surprisingly, 95% of participants mentioned that the CRC screening was not recommended to themby a physician. This is the first report analyzing the awareness, attitude and practice of UAE population and assessingthe barriers for CRC screening. Our results demonstrate that better education and communication of the benefits ofearly detection of CRC should be addressed to improve the screening in UAE population. There is need for campaignsand educational programs, both for health care providers and public. Media might play a significant role in this aspectand new policies need to focus more on increasing community awareness on cancer preventive measures in UAE.}, keywords = {Screening,Colon cancer,Knowledge,Attitude,United Arab Emirates}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66541.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_66541_71b654b861eb9369310f049be0f5db0b.pdf} } @article { author = {Hashim, Raghad and Abo-Fanas, Ayman and Al-Tak, Ali and Al-Kadri, Amer and Abu Ebaid, Yousef}, title = {Early Detection of Oral Cancer- Dentists’ Knowledge and Practices in the United Arab Emirates}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {19}, number = {8}, pages = {2351-2355}, year = {2018}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2351}, abstract = {Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, opinions and practices of dentists regarding earlydetection of oral cancer in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted usinga simple random sampling technique with a self-reported questionnaire applied to 298 dentists, working in private andpublic sectors in three cities (Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah) in the UAE. Dentists’ knowledge about risk factors anddiagnostic concepts of oral cancer, current practices and opinions as well as interest in continuing education programswere assessed. Results: The dentists, aged 23-65 years, were generally aware of the major risk factors most likelyassociated with oral cancer. Thirty percent of the participants identified the tongue as the most common site on whichoral cancer develops. The best known clinical presentation of oral cancer identified by the respondents was a persistentulcer (87.6 %). Only thirty dentists (9.9%) were comfortable in performing a biopsy in their clinic. Less than half (48.0%)had attended a continuing education course on oral cancer within the past 5 years. The majority of the participants(84.9%) felt that they needed further training on oral cancer detection. Conclusion: The findings of the present studyidentified several deficiencies in the knowledge of dentists working in the UAE with regard to early detection of oralcancer. Some changes to dental educational and training could be made to improve the confidence and ability of dentistsin this regard.}, keywords = {oral cancer,Knowledge,dentists,UAE}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65185.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_65185_e9e69f9a3ed9dc1e8d87ad706540eeb2.pdf} }