@article { author = {Al-Shabanah, othman and alotaibi, Moureq and Al Rejaie, Salim and Alhoshani, Ali and Almutairi, Mashal and Alshammari, Musaad and Hafez, Mohamed}, title = {Inhibitory Effect of Ginseng on Breast Cancer Cell Line Growth Via Up-Regulation of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor, p21 and p53}, journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention}, volume = {17}, number = {11}, pages = {4965-4971}, year = {2016}, publisher = {West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.}, issn = {1513-7368}, eissn = {2476-762X}, doi = {10.22034/APJCP.2016.17.11.4965}, abstract = {  Objective: Breast cancer is global female health problem worldwide. Most of the currently used agents for breast cancer treatment have toxic side-effects. Ginseng root, an oriental medicine, has many health benefits and may exhibit direct anti-cancer properties. This study was performed to assess the effects of ginseng on breast cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity of ginseng extract was measured by MTT assay after exposure of MDA-MB-231, MCF-10A and MCF-7 breast cancer cells to concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mg/well. Expression levels of p21WAF, p16INK4A, Bcl-2, Bax and P53 genes were analyzed by quantitative real time PCR. Results: The treatment resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner. p53, p21WAF1and p16INK4A expression levels were up-regulated in ginseng treated MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cells compared to untreated controls and in MCF-10A cells. The expression levels of Bcl2 in the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were down-regulated. In contrast, that of Bax was significantly up-regulated. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that ginseng may inhibit breast cancer cell growth by activation of the apoptotic pathway.}, keywords = {Key words: Ginseng,MDA-231,MTT assay,Gene expression,Quantitative real time PCR}, url = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_41318.html}, eprint = {https://journal.waocp.org/article_41318_ca855bf6826268f1fbe9ca1347efa1d8.pdf} }