eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
1
2
25467
New Developments to Report for the APJCP and the APOCP
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25467_c4825e489769e11ad21b120daee8d721.pdf
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
3
15
25468
Anticancer, Chemopreventive and Radioprotective Potential of Black Plum (Eugenia Jambolana Lam.)
Despite good understanding of the molecular basis of the disease and advances in treatment, globally canceris still a major cause of death. Estimates are that it will surpass cardiovascular disease as the leading cause ofdeath, with higher incidences in the developing countries that have minimal resources. Chemotherapy andradiotherapy, the two most commonly used treatment modalities, are associated with untoward side effects.This has necessitated the search for alternatives that are effective, non toxic and easily affordable for patientsand traditional medicinal plants are an ideal source. Eugenia jambolana Lam., commonly known as blackplum or ‘jamun’ is an important medicinal plant in various traditional systems of medicine. It is effective in thetreatment of diabetes mellitus, inflammation, ulcers and diarrhea and preclinical studies have also shown it topossess antineoplastic, chemopreventive and radioprotective properties. Here, for the first time, the effects ofjamun in treatment and prevention of cancer, and the mechanisms responsible for these effects are appraised.Additionally the drawbacks in existing knowledge are also stressed to emphasize the possible avenues that needto be investigated, so that maximum effects on both prevention and cure can be attained.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25468_ddf872a700a639ae241e96453baad311.pdf
Eugenia jambolana
Syzygium cumini
Jamun
Anticancer
radioprotective
chemopreventive
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
17
34
25469
Lung Cancer Incidence in the Arab League Countries: Risk Factors and Control
Although lung cancer incidence rates and mortalities are still low in the Arab world as compared to Europe orUSA, they is gradually increasing in the region. Furthermore, there is great variation between different parts ofthe Arab world. For instance, the age-standardized rates (ASRs) for lung cancer incidence are about 15 fold higherin Tunisia than in Sudan for men, and about 10 fold higher in Bahrain than in Yemen for females. Percentage datafor both sexes of lung cancer in the Arab world show that 15/22 (68.1%) of the Arab countries have lung canceras one of the most frequent five types of cancer. Despite major advances in understanding and treating cancer,the 5-year relative survival rate in North Africa and the Middle East is only 8%. With the notable exception ofAlgeria, and to a lesser extent Tunisia, where squamous cell carcinomas are more common, the two main typesshow approximately the same proportions in males, while adenocarcinomas tend to predominate in females.The estimated numbers of new lung cancer cases in 2008 were 9,537 in ages below 65 for both sexes, and 7,059cases for ages above 65. In 2020 there is expected to be 14,788 new lung cancer cases in the Arab countries forages below 65, and 14,788 cases for ages above 65 in both males and females. Between 1990 and 1997, cigaretteconsumption increased 24% in the Middle East, one of only two regions of the world where cigarette salesincreased during that period, so that continued rise in cancer rates can be expected. Improvement of tobaccocontrol, registration and treatment are all necessary to decrease the burden of lung cancer in the Arab world.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25469_0edec96712129a54d48e425d0f03cf13.pdf
Lung cancer
Arab World
incidence data
mortality
histopathology
risk factors
treatment
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
35
41
25470
Evaluation of Genetic Alterations in Inhabitants of a Naturally High Level Background Radiation and Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project Site in India
Evaluation of genetic alterations in inhabitants of an area of Tamil Nadu, India, chronically exposed to highbackground radiation (HBRA), was the major purpose of the present study. A total of 216 samples (exposedinhabitants, 108; control subjects, 108) were selected based on the confirmation of radiation dose level usingthermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD). After signing a consent form, volunteers provided blood samples (5 mleach) to establish cell cultures at 52 h. One hundred complete metaphase cells from each subject were evaluatedfor karyotyping. The frequencies of chromosomal alterations (CA) were found to be higher in the exposed groupsand the aberrations predominately observed were of chromatid-type. Smoking was found to have considerableeffect on the frequency of CA in exposed subjects. With the comet assay for DNA damage, a significant increasein comet tail frequency was also observed in exposed subjects compared to controls. At present there are noradioepidemiological data regarding the cytogenetic studies in these areas. Furthermore, the Kudankulam nuclearpower plant nuclear power plant is being constructed in the same area. The study gives potentially importantinformation on the general health effects due to radiation exposure and increases people’s understanding of thehazardous nature of chronic low level natural radiation exposure. However, we may conclude that the HBRAby itself does not pose any significant risk of genetic damage as measured by conventional cytogenetic analysis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25470_23ef4e9dbdf8f9d8aaf1f954bb072f39.pdf
High background radiation area
DNA damage
nuclear power plant
cytogenetics
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
43
47
25471
Predictors of Oral Tobacco Use Among Young Adult Patients Visiting Family Medicine Clinics in Karachi, Pakistan
Prevalence of cancers associated with the use of oral tobacco (OT) is rising very rapidly and prevention ofuse is the best option to tackle this scenario. This cross-sectional study estimated the proportion of OT use andpredictors associated with its initiation and determined the knowledge, attitude and practices of OT users. Atotal of 231 young adult patients (15-30 years age) were interviewed by medical students in family practice clinicsin Karachi, Pakistan. OT use was considered as usage of any of the following: betel quid (paan) with tobacco,betel nuts with tobacco (gutkha), and snuff (naswar). Overall, 49.8% (95% CI=43.3-56.2) subjects had used OTat least in one form. Multivariable analysis demonstrated independent association of OT users with secondaryeducation level (adjusted OR=3.6; 95% CI=1.6-8.1) and use of OT by a family member (OR=2.3; 95% CI=1.3-4.0). Among OT users, 37.4% started after being inspired by friends/peer pressure, 60% using for more than5 years, 53.2 % users reported getting physical/mental comfort from the use of OT while 31.6% tried to quitthis habit but failed. We suggest socially and culturally acceptable educational and behavioral interventions forcontrol of OT usage and hence to prevent its associated cancers.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25471_601299b30ffb792e1e4ff2f299796c82.pdf
oral tobacco
Cancer Prevention
young adults
Pakistan
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
49
54
25472
Effects of Education Based on the Health Belief Model on Screening Behavior in High Risk Women for Breast Cancer, Tehran, Iran
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Early diagnosis allows efficienttreatment and increases survival, but the efficacy of breast self examination (BSE) is not sufficiently wellestablished. The American Cancer Society aims to give women the opportunity to recognize the utility,limitations and adverse effects of breast cancer screening through education models based on psychologicaltheories. With the Health Belief Model, people’s health perceptions and attitudes influence their practices, forexample with screening. Objective: The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to determine theeffect of education based on this model on breast cancer screening in high risk Iranian women. Materials andMethods: Participants were women with a family history of breast cancer (mother, sister, and daughter). Afterexplanation of the study objectives to participants, they were recruited on obtaining oral consent and each filledout the study questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model. Allocation was into two groups by computerizedrandomization, control and intervention, receiving education on breast cancer screening. Perceived susceptibilityto and seriousness of breast cancer, perceived usefulness of and barriers to BSE, clinical breast examination,and mammography, and self-efficacy in the ability to perform these, were assessed, with comparison of scoresfor BSE practice before and after education and doing mammography and clinical examination by a physicianin intervention and control group. Results: The mean age was 37.8±11.7 (range 19-60). The mean rank in theintervention group significantly differed before and after the education, but except for “ perceived threat “and“perceived usefulness of breast self examination”, we did not find any significant differences from the controlgroup. After educational sessions, breast self examination and clinical examination practice rates were elevated.Conclusion: Health education based on well known psychological theories for breast cancer screening should beextended to the entire populations in developing countries. In addition, we should pay attention to barriers towomen undergoing mammography, such as costs, shame and accessibility, and increase the target populationawareness and positive attitudes towards benefits of early breast cancer screening.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25472_758f4d32d4c3c7ef382bf0fefb7e8a48.pdf
breast cancer
Health Belief Model
high risk group
Iranian women
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
55
59
25473
Cytotoxic Activity of Artemisinin Derivatives Against Cholangiocarcinoma (CL-6) and Hepatocarcinoma (Hep-G2) Cell Lines
Cytotoxic activity of artemisinin and derivatives in the presence and absence of holo-transferrin andexpression of genes involved in resistance of cancer cells were investigated in human cholangiocarcinoma (CL-6)and hepatocarcinoma (Hep-G2) cell lines in vitro. After incubation with the test drugs and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cytotoxicity was asessed by MTT assay. RNA was extracted after 24 hour exposure to holo-transferrin forinvesstigation of the expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TDR1), multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), multidrugresistance protein 1 (MRP1), multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2), and multidrug resistance protein 3 (MRP3).The median IC50 of artemisinin, artesunate, β-artemeter, dihydroartemisinin and 5-FU were as follows: CL-6:339, 131, 354, 75, and 377 μM, respectively; Hep-G2: 268, 50, 233, 29, and 1,380 μM. Exposure to holo-transferrinhad no influence on sensitivity of either cell line to artemisinin derivatives, but resulted in a 3-fold increase inthe expression of TR1 and MDR1, and a 2-fold increase in the expression of MRP1 and MRP2 in CL-6 cells.With Hep-G2, a 3-fold increase in the expression of MDR1 and MRP3 and a 2-fold increase in expression ofMRP2 were observed. Dihydroartemisinin exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity against both cell linesand holo-transferrin caused different patterns of expression of resistance-associated genes.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25473_f6f115d3071b9cce97ca869853013778.pdf
Artemisinin
cholangiocarcinoma
Cytotoxicity
transferrin
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
61
65
25474
Pharmacokinetics of Arsenic Trioxide (As2O3) in Chinese Primary Hepatocarcinoma Patients
Background: Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma celllines, but little is known about its pharmacology with this cancer in vivo. Pharmacokinetics after As2O3 injectioninto patients with a primary hepatocarcinoma (PHC) were therefore investigated. Methods: Fourteen patientswere enrolled after providing informed consent and given daily intravenous doses of 10mg for 14 days. ThreemL blood samples were collected before and 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24h after the drug infusionon days 1 and 14, as well as once every other day from day 2, for measurement of plasma concentrations usingan atom fluorescent assay and analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters with the PKBP-N1 program. Results:Data from 13 cases were evaluable, 1 case being excluded due to an insufficient blood sample. Pharmacokineticswere consistent with the characteristics of the two-compartment model, parameters on days 1 and 14 beingclosely similar. The mean plasma maximal peak concentration (Cpmax) was 136.4±89.4μg/L, lasma distributionhalf-life time (T1/2α) was 0.071±0.027 hours, plasma elimination half-life time (T1/2β) was 23.9±18.4 hours,apparent distribution volume (Vd) was 335.1±387.0L, entry distribution volume (Vc) was 20.3±21.3L, systemclearance(CLs) was 8.65±4.26L/h, area under curve (AUC0-t) of concentration-time was 1128.5±510.3 μg·h/L.From days 2 to 14, minimal steady state plasma drug concentration (Cssmin) was in the range of 31.7±9.27μg/Lto 55.6±32.3μg/L for 10 detected patients. Conclusions: The data suggested that a two-compartment model mostaccurately reflects As2O3 pharmacokinetics in PHC patients. The apparent distribution volume was comparativelylarge and the plasma drug concentration was a little low, with a comparatively long drug elimination half-life,so clinical administration of the drug should be individualized for the best clinical efficacy and prevention ofside effects.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25474_c995cefc0de97f62c7aa2e1a2387dc3a.pdf
Arsenic trioxide
pharmacokinetics
primary hepatocarcinoma treatment- Chinese patients
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
67
72
25475
TP53 - Molecular Soldier’s Mutations in Bladder Cancer in the Kashmiri Population
Purpose: We made a preliminary attempt to study mutations in exons 5-8 (the DNA binding domain) ofthe tumor suppressor gene TP53, in urinary bladder cancer patients from Kashmir. Further the relation ofclinicopathological characteristics with mutation status was asessed. Materials and Methods: The study populationconsisted of 60 patients diagnosed with transitional cell carcinomas who underwent transurethral resection and/or radical cystectomy. Mutations in 5-8 exons of TP53 gene were detected by means of single strand conformationpolymorphism (SSCP). All samples which showed different migration bands in SSCP were confirmed by DNAsequencing. Results: 19 of 60 (31.6%) bladder cancers had mutations of the TP53 gene (11 transitions and 8transversions), three were G→A transitions, two G→T transversions, three A→C transversions, five C→Ttransitions and six A→T transversions. Predominantly missense mutations (66%) were detected but no deletionsor insertions were found. Statistically significant associations (<0.05) were noted with higher tumor stage (T2 orhigher), recurrence and large tumor size (>3cm). No correlation was found between smoking and tumor gradeand the presence of TP53 mutations. Conclusions: Mutation of the TP53 gene is one of the commonest geneticchanges in human bladder cancer, also in a high risk ethnic Kashmiri population.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25475_29be49f640990a76f405511cd13d5277.pdf
TP53 mutations
SSCP
bladder cancer
Kashmir
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
73
76
25476
Role of the Metalloproteinase-7 (181A>G) Polymorphism in Gastric Cancer Susceptibility: A Case Control Study in Kashmir Valley
Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is a small secreted proteolytic enzyme with broad substrate specificityagainst extracellular matrix (ECM) and non-ECM components. A promoter polymorphism MMP-7 181A>Gis known to modify the gene transcription activity of the proteinase gene and influence susceptibility to variouscancers. The present case-control study comprising 108 gastric cancer (GC) patients and 195 healthy controlswas carried out to determine any association of this polymorphism in the Kashmir valley where the GC incidenceis very high. Genotypic data were statistically analyzed by logistic regression models. In combined analysis,homozygous variant GG genotype of MMP-7 (-181A>G) polymorphism was associated with a more than twofold increased risk of GC (OR=2.13; 95% CI =1.13-4.01; p=0.020; P-trend=0.01) compared with the commonAA genotype and the data fitted a recessive model. After sub-grouping based on tumor histology, the risk wasmore pronounced with squamous cell histology (OR=9.34; 95% CI =1.97-44.33; p=0.005) as compared toadenocarcinoma. The cancer risk due to smoking or high intake of salted tea was not influenced by the MMP-7 polymorphism. In conclusion, results from present study suggest that common MMP-7 (181A>G) geneticpolymorphism may contribute to squamous cell gastric cancer susceptibility in the Kashmir valley.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25476_16ad81259c1937b628f1343ba48e6f9b.pdf
Kashmir valley
Gastric cancer
MMP-7 (-181A>G) polymorphism
PCR/RFLP
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
77
80
25477
A Cisplatin and Vinorelbine (NP) Regimen as a Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Completely Resected Breast Cancers in China: Final Results of a Phase II Clinical Trial
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of cisplatin and vinorelbine (NP) for postoperative adjuvantchemotherapy of completely resected breast cancers. Methods: Between September 1994 and April 2005, 91Chinese breast cancer patients, with pathologically-confirmed adenocarcinoma in Jiangsu Cancer Hospitaland Research Institute, were enrolled. They received postoperative vinorelbine at 25mg/m2 on days 1 and 8,and cisplatin 25mg/m2 on days 1 to 3, this regimen being repeated every 3 weeks. Results: Median age was 49years (range, 25-69 years). A ccording to the TNM stage system, stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, ⅢA patients accounted for 7.7%,58.2% and 34.1%, respectively. The median number of chemotherapy cycles was 4.5 (range, 1-8), over half ofthe patients receiving 4 to 6 NP cycles. After a median follow-up of 48 months, 11 deaths and 29 relapses weredocumented. Median disease-free survival was 45 months, with disease-free and overall survival at 5 years being76% and 88.7%, respectively. All patients could be evaluated with regard to toxicity, 17 (18.7%) developing gradeⅢ neutropenia during treatment, but all recovering after recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulatingfactor (G-CSF) injection, 3 suffering thrombocytopenia (3.3%), 5 anemia (5.5%) and 5 nausea/vomiting (5.5%).No treatment related deaths occurred. Conclusions: NP is an effective and feasible treatment for completelyresected breast cancer cases at the doses tested. A randomized clinical trial is now needed to compare NP withother conventional regimens.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25477_dd98612a04fdb34ca038cbaa966bc95d.pdf
breast cancer
Adjuvant chemotherapy
vinorelbine
Cisplatin
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
81
85
25478
The Cyclin D1 G870A Polymorphism and Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta-analysis of 20 Populations
Purpose: Studies of the association between the cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A genetic polymorphism and riskof colorectal cancer (CRC) have generated conflicting results. In order to derive a more precise estimation, ameta-analysis was here performed. Materials and methods: An extensive search of relevant studies was carriedout as a meta-analysis of twenty studies with 5,975 cases and 8,333 controls. Results: Overall, a significantlyelevated colorectal cancer risk was associated with variant allele 870A when all studies were pooled (AA vs.GG: OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.04-1.44; GA vs. GG: OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.01-1.26; dominant model: OR = 1.16,95%CI = 1.03-1.31). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risks were detected amongCaucasians (AA vs. GG: OR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.04-1.44; and dominant model: OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.02-1.34).With stratification into sporadic CRC and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), the formerdemonstrated increased cancer susceptibility (AA vs. GG: OR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.04-1.48; dominant model:OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.04-1.33). However, no significant associations were found in either Asians or HNPCCpatients for any genetic model. Conclusion: The results suggest that the cyclin D1 870A allele is a low-penetrantrisk factor for development of sporadic colorectal cancer, especially among Caucasians.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25478_708d67031eff2430caaf6a40f47d5936.pdf
CyclinD1
Polymorphism
colorectal cancer
Meta-analysis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
87
94
25479
Physical Activity and Women with Breast Cancer: Insights from Expert Patients
Introduction: Physical activity participation amongst cancer survivors is low. This potent modifiable hostfactor has been disregarded in the cancer treatment plan for decades, despite its role in cancer control. Thepurpose of this study was to explore perception of physical activity among women with breast cancer. Methods:Focus group with purposive sampling methods were conducted on women at different cancer trajectory - ie.completed treatment (n=6) and undergoing treatment (n=8). The taped discussions were transcribed verbatimand analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Concepts were identified as unique or shared between the twogroups, and ordered into subcategories. Results & Discussion: Three key categories on barriers to exercise;facilitator/motivator towards exercise; and myths around exercise were highlighted. There were more mythsand reservations about physical activity in the UT (undergoing treatment) group, than in the CT (completedtreatment)group. Facilitators included positive experience from physical activity engagement, easy-access tofacility, and good social support. Conclusions: Although both groups expressed difficulties in engaging in physicalactivity, the newly diagnosed have more negative perception of physical activity engagement. Both groups didnot note the significant role of physical activity and cancer prevention/ recurrence, which is a key strategy topromote the uptake of exercise and acceptance of active lifestyle for cancer survivors. Health care clinicians likeoccupational therapists need to play greater public health role in educating and counseling lifestyle redesign forsurvivors living with cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25479_a48fdb4d4f3388d47b9d91cf60c4ffb2.pdf
physical activity
Perception
completed-undergoing treatment
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
95
98
25480
Survival of Thyroid Cancer and Social Determinants in Iran, 2001-2005
Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine system malignancy in the world, being the 7thmost common cancer in females, 14th in males and 11th in both sexes in the Iranian population. The presentstudy aimed to determine survival of thyroid cancers in Iran based on sex, age group, pathology and geographicallocation. Methods: The patients selected for this study were 602 out of 5,759 cases listed in the cancer registrysystem between 2001 and 2005. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival estimation and Cox’s proportionalhazard model for calculating hazard ratios according to demographic and risk variables. Results: The overall5-year survival rate was 88.0%. There was a significant difference between survivals of the two sexes. Thebest and worst survival were in the age groups under 40 and over 60 years old, respectively. The best survivalwas for papillary type, with the anaplastic type demonstrating the worst survival. The best survival was in thesouthwest (Khuzestan) and the worst in the northwest (Azarbaijan). Conclusion: Size of young population andsocial determinants may be important effective elements for differences in survival, which should be taken moreinto consideration in managing chronic disease such as thyroid cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25480_369a41be7caa4b9ac2b340109e8f8d80.pdf
Thyroid neoplasms
survival rate
Iran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
99
102
25481
Identification of Pathways Involved in Paclitaxel Activity in Cervical Cancer
Paclitaxel is one of the key chemotherapeutic drugs widely used to treat various types of cancer. Many cervicalcancer patients exhibit selectivity in response to thereapy, however, which is considered to be correlated withdrug-gene-pathways. The aim of this study was to identify pathways involved in paclitaxel activity in cervicalcancer. Gene expression data was obtained from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus and the associationsbetween paclitaxel and genes from DrugBank, MATADOR, TTD, CTD and SuperTarget databases. Differentiallyexpressed genes in cervical cancer were identified using the significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) statisticaltechnique. Pathway analysis was performed according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)database using the software package SubpathwayMiner to predict target genes of paclitaxel in cervical cancerand regulated pathways. We found that paclitaxel, which exhibits anticancer activity in cervical cancer, mayinteract with these differentially expressed genes and their corresponding signaling pathways. Our study presentsthe first in-depth, large-scale analysis of pathways involved in paclitaxel activity in cervical cancer. Interestingly,these pathways have not been reported to be involved in other tumors. Thus our findings may contribute to theunderstanding of the mechanisms underlying paclitaxel resistance in cervical cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25481_dc4a25c8e1dc0111c97c4b42eec67ad1.pdf
Paclitaxel
cervical cancer
signaling pathway
Resistance
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
103
104
25482
Chemopreventive Role of Sulforaphane by Upholding the GSH Redox Cycle in Pre- and Post-initiation Phases of Experimental Lung Carcinogenesis
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural, biologically active compound extracted from cruciferous vegetables such asbroccoli and cabbage with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. The present study was carried to assesscytoprotective potential in alleviating oxidative stress, to influence the initiation and subsequent carcinogenesiscaused by benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] administration in the pre- and post-initiation phases of carcinogenesis in Swissalbino mice. Sulforaphane, supplemented orally at a dose of 9μmoles /mouse/day was found to greatly lessenthe damaging effects of B(a)P in mice by increasing the availability of reducing equivalents to fulfil the futileGSH redox cycle and replenish GSH biosynthesis, stabilizing the thiol status. Activity of superoxide dismutaseand catalase in native gel prove their differential activities in cancer induced and treated animals. SFN was alsofound to prevent formation of leaky membranes by boosting the antioxidant status leading to maintenance ofATPase activity in B(a)P treated animals. Histopathological analysis confirmed reduction of carcinogen-associatedmorphological changes in the lung tissue. The results suggest that SFN has potential as a chemopreventivephytochemical against B(a)P induced lung damage in the processes of carcinogenesis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25482_5472240d8d50674ba7065933be26061c.pdf
Chemoprevention
glutathione metabolism
lung carcinogenesis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
111
115
25483
Do Turkish Nursing and Midwifery Students Teach Breast Self-Examination to Their Relatives ?
Aim: To describe health beliefs and breast self-examination (BSE) practice of Turkish female nursing andmidwifery students and extent of teaching the screening method to their mothers, sisters and relatives. Design:In this definition survey, data were obtained from 113 nursing and midwifery students (n = 113) in third andfourth class and their mothers, sisters and other relatives in Turkey. Methods: Data were collected using apersonal data form, a knowledge evaluation form for BSE (Maurer 1997) and the Champion’s Health BeliefModel Scale. Number percentage, Chi-square test were used in the evaluation of the data. Results: Studentslearned breast cancer and BSE in their lessons one or two years previously. Knowledge level scores of the studentswere 52.3 ± 9.6 (min:25,max: 75). Rate of having regular BSE was 32.7%. When health belief scale assessed; theaverage of susceptibility was 7.52±2.62, seriousness was 21.8±5.30, benefit was 16.7±4.45, barrier was 22.3±6.44,confidence was 40.3±6.67 and medical motivation was 26.6±4.22. The rate of having regular BSE and benefit,barrier scores were compared, they were statistically significant difference(p<0.05). The majority (106, 91.3%)gave BSE training to their mother and sisters, and 42.6% ( 48) to relatives, 6.2% (7) to friends, and 5.4% (6) topatients. Conclusions: Knowledge about breast cancer and BSE repetition training programs should be plannedfor nursing/midwifery students, to increasae their sensitivity, beliefs and attitudes, and medical motivation forBSE.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25483_a553204944087064462328c5b8b47b50.pdf
BSE
Turkish nursing/midwifery students
attitutes
teaching to others
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
117
120
25484
Effects of Training about Skin Cancer on Farmers’ Knowledge Level and Attitudes
Background: Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. As farmers stay under sun for a longtime and handle many different chemicals, they are at risk. This study was carried out to examine the effects oftraining for protection on their knowledge level and attitudes. Method: The subjects were 194 farmers living ina village in Marmara region which most benefits from the sun in Turkey. No sampling was performed. Data werecollected before and after six months of training through a personal description form and skin cancer attitudeknowledgeform and analyzed using percentage calculations, McNeamer test and t-test in dependent groups.Results: Knowledge level of farmers on skin cancer and the protection from skin cancer was significantly increasedafter the training (p<0.01) regarding use of sun cream, umbrellas, swimming and traditional behavior (p<.01)but not use of hats, sunglasses and long-sleeved shirts (p>0.01). A significant decrease was also determined intampering with moles, acnes and scars (p<.01). Conclusion: The training given to farmers for protection againstskin cancer was found effective for improving knowledge levels and attitudes. Planned and regular educationshould decrease the skin cancer rate among farmers.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25484_ca0820fa0df63de0d5942464b250510c.pdf
Skin Cancer
protective behaviour
Training
at risk farmers
Turkey
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
121
124
25485
Are Current Tobacco Pictorial Warnings in India Effective?
Background: Warning labels on tobacco products provide an effective way of communicating the consequencesof tobacco use. Research has shown that larger and colorful warnings placed on packaging are more effectivefor informing consumers and general public. However, primarily due to powerful lobbying by the industry,pictorial health warnings in India experienced constant delay in introduction and dilution of content. Thecurrent warnings appearing on tobacco products consist of drawing of a scorpion on smokeless forms of tobaccoand pictures and X- rays of diseased lungs for smoking forms. Methodology: To understand people’s attitudetowards the pictorial warning and their understanding of the pictures, a study was planned in two phases. Thefirst phase was qualitative with focus group discussion and second, a population based survey for validatingthe findings. Results: The findings of the study suggested that the mandated pictorial warnings do not serve thedesired purpose since they are not properly understood. The scorpion becomes associated with the product in anon-scientific manner. X-rays of lung are hardly understood by anybody and pictures of diseased lungs are notused by tobacco manufacturers. Conclusion: The results of both the focus group discussions and the field surveyindicate that most people have seen text and pictorial warnings on smokeless and smoking tobacco products, butthat they lack relevance to the text messages. Irrespective of education the early proposed pictorial warningsby the government were more effective than the currently implemented warnings. People would like to see thewarnings mainly in Hindi and Marathi (local language) and want them to be placed on the top or middle of bothsides of tobacco packaging.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25485_80da31ac5474deda485e2f02daf63cea.pdf
Health warnings in India
tobacco product packages
ineffectiveness
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
125
130
25486
Turkish Validity and Reliability of a Pediatric Quality of Life Cancer Module for Children Aged 8-12 and Parents
This descriptive study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability in Turkey of the PediatricQuality of Life Inventory Cancer Module (PedsQL 3.0) for children aged 8-12 in the hematology-oncologypolyclinics of two university hospitals in Istanbul during the period 2006-2007. The data collection instrumentswere the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0), the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Cancer Module(PedsQL 3.0) and a socio-demographic questionnaire, applied for 146 children diagnosed with cancer and 146parents. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the PedsQL 3.0 were found to be 0.602-0.982 for sub-groups withthe children’s form, 0.644-0.966 with the parents’ form. The scale was found to give a significantly high level ofreliability (0.60≤ ± α <0.80). Significant and directly proportional correlations were demonstrated between theforms for children and parents. It was concluded that the PedsQL 3.0 cancer module is a valid and reliable toolfor assessing the quality of life of Turkish children, aged 8-12, diagnosed with cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25486_39788a1987ed77c7a284c49527ecc10d.pdf
PedsQL 3.0 cancer module
Quality of Life
children diagnosed with cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
131
136
25487
Prognostic Significance of Hemoglobin Levels in Patients with Primary Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma Undergoing Platinumbased Chemotherapy
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of hemoglobin (Hb) levels before and throughoutthe course of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Medicalrecords of patients who had undergone initial surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy for EOC wereretrospectively studied. Univariate and Cox-regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic impact ofvarious factors including Hb levels before and throughout chemotherapy in terms of overall survival. Additionally,sensitivity/specificity were calculated using receiver operating curves (ROCs) and Kaplan-Meier studies wereused to determine optimal cut-off levels. The median duration of follow-up was 37.0 months. Degree of anemiabefore starting chemotherapy was significantly related to overall survival (p = 0.001), but the Hb level throughoutchemotherapy demonstrated only a borderline relationship (p = 0.062). Only residual tumor after surgery anddegree of anemia before starting chemotherapy proved to be independent prognostic factors (p = 0.013 and 0.015,respectively). With sensitivity/specificity and Kaplan-Meier analyses, a Hb level before starting chemotherapyof less than 10.5 g/dl was related to shorter overall survival (p = 0.002). In conclusion, pre-chemotherapy Hblevel has a prognostic impact on overall survival in patients with EOC candidate to first-line platinum-basedchemotherapy. However, the significance of decreased Hb levels during chemotherapy needs to be clarified infurther prospective studies to determine optimal Hb levels for achieving a favorable outcome.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25487_c814adaa81123c37b071b645976760d6.pdf
Anemia
Ovarian Cancer
platinum-based chemotherapy
Prognosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
137
141
25488
Depression and Anxiety Levels in Early Stage Turkish Breast Cancer Patients and Related Factors
Psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety are common among cancer patients. If left untreated,these disorders can lead to poor treatment compliance, prolonged hospital stay and reduced life quality. In thisprospective study, we aimed determine anxiety and depression levels and related factors among female breastcancer patients presenting to a breast surgery clinic in Istanbul and who met the inclusion criteria. Data werecollected using a questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). The mean age was 48.2years and the mean post-operative period was 17.9 months. It was found that 46.3 % of the patients had stageI, and 53.7 % stage II, 59.3 % of them undergoing breast conserving surgery and 40.7 % mastectomy. Whenevaluated according to the HAD Scale, it was found that anxiety scores of 35.1 % of the patients and depressionscores of 17.1 % of the patients were higher than their cut-off points. With regard to the affecting factors,depression scores of those with no family history of breast cancer were significantly higher than those with nofamily history of breast cancer (t= 1.53; p= 0.03); that the depression scores of the patients who underwentmastectomy were significantly higher than those who underwent breast conserving surgery (t= 1.75; p= 0.04).Additionally, it was found that low income was an important risk factor for anxiety; whereas a history of breastcancer in the family and mastectomy was an important risk factor for depression.These results indicate theimportance of determining psychiatric problems and appropriate approaches in addition to medical treatmentin breast cancer patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25488_af8cdb10d00641313fde9a072af5c466.pdf
breast cancer
Anxiety
depression
Turkish patients
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
143
148
25489
Chemoprevention by Triticum Aestivum of Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis Induced by DMBA and Croton Oil - Association with Oxidative Status
Chemopreventive action of wheat grass (Triticum astivum) leaf extract in Swiss albino mice was evaluated.Oral administration of wheat grass leaf extract at a dose level of 20 ml/kg body weight per day at pre, peri, andpost-initional phases and in combination group, caused significant variation in tumour incidence and tumouryield as compared to the control group. Moreover, the average latent period was significantly increased from9.87±0.12 to 13.4±0.23 weeks in the combination group, together with significant elevation of reduced glutathione(GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase (CAT) and reduction in lipid peroxidation (LPO) was observed ascompared to the control group.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25489_e596c2d94becc3dce2e896950a7fdb80.pdf
Chemoprevention
wheat grass leaves extract
papillomas
GSH
SOD
Cat
LPO
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
149
151
25490
Helicobacter Pylori Infection Reduces the Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study in Iran
Background: Some studies have indicated a protective role of H.pylori against risk of esophageal squamouscell carcinoma (ESCC). The purpose of this study was to explore this possible relationship in a case-controlstudy. Methods: One hundred consecutive patients diagnosed with ESCC and 100 healthy people were enteredwith informed consent. All were asked to provide a blood sample and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodiesagainst HP-CSAs were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: There wassignificant reverse association between H. pylori positivity and tumour development (OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.15-0.54), but not with a Cag A positive status. Conclusion: Our findings provide further evidence that H. pyloriinfection decreases the risk of ESCC but that this is not linked to a Cag A positive status.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25490_5a4c8b8b75316333d4329a4aa0d0bbbe.pdf
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
H pylori
Cag A status
Case-control study
Iran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
153
155
25491
Decreased Trend of Pancreatic Cancer Mortality in Iran
Background: Pancreatic cancer is a fatal cancer with a 5-year survival of only about 4% for all tumors. Thereare only published data on mortality from pancreas cancer and its epidemiology in Iran. The aim of this studywas to present the mortality trends from pancreatic cancer for the Iranian population, using national deathstatistics in order to provide update information for its burden. Methods: National Death Statistics reportedby the Ministry of Health from 1999 to 2004 stratified by age group, sex, and cause of death were included inthe analysis to generate pancreas cancer (ICD-10; 25) annual mortality rates/100,000, overall, by sex and byage group (<15, 15-49 and ≥50 years of age) and age-standardized rates (ASRs). Results: The age standardizedmortality rate of pancreatic cancer decreased slightly during the years under study. Values were higher for malesand increased with age. Conclusion: This study provides a projection of burden of death due to pancreatic cancerfor Iran, indicating that the trend of its mortality is decreasing and may be leveling off in recent years.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25491_81984bf87753bef220bd478174ae170d.pdf
Pancreatic cancer
mortality
Trend Analysis
Iran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
157
162
25492
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer in a Malaysian Tertiary Hospital
Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer is given with the aim of shrinkingthe disease sufficiently for surgery. However, many clinical trials investigating neoadjuvant chemotherapyregimens were conducted for operable breast cancer. Methods and Materials: Patients with T3-4, N2 M0 breastcancer diagnosed between January 2005 and December 2008 and who received at least one cycle of neoadjuvantchemotherapy were eligible for this study. Thirty-four patients were identified from the Chemotherapy DaycareRecords and their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimenadministered was at the discretion of the treating oncologist. Breast tumour size and nodal status was assessedat diagnosis, at each cycle and before surgery. Results: All 34 patients had invasive ductal cancer. The medianage was 52 years (range 27-69). 65% had T4 disease and 76% were clinically lymph node positive at diagnosis.The median size of the breast tumour at presentation was 80 mm (range 42-200 mm). Estrogen and progesteronereceptor positivity was seen in less than 40% and HER2 positivity, by immunohistochemistry, in 27%. Themajority (85%) of patients had anthracycline based chemotherapy, without taxanes. The overall response rate(clinical CR+PR) was 67.6% and pathological complete responses were apparent in two (5.9%). 17.6% ofpatients defaulted part of their planned treatment. Recurrent disease was seen in 44.1% and the median time torelapse was 11.3 months. The three year disease free and overall survival rates were 52.5% and 58% respectively.Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer in a Malaysian setting confersresponse and pCR rates comparable to published clinical trials. Patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapyare at risk of defaulting part of their treatment and therefore their concerns need to be identified proactivelyand addressed in order to improve outcomes.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25492_b6db9429a0d5653a398b87173ea03826.pdf
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
locally advanced breast cancer
non-compliance
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
163
167
24782
Elevation of HPV-18 and HPV-16 DNA in the Plasma of Patients with Advanced Cervical Cancer
Objective: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the main problems in women’s health in which the pathologicrole of the human papilloma virus, HPV, is undeniable. Molecular methods have shown viral DNA in affectedtissues, related to the disease progression. Patients and Methods: We here studied 100 patients with abnormalPap test results. HPV DNA loads in the plasma samples were measured by quantitative real time PCR, usingspecific primers and probes for the E6 genes of HPV types 16, 18, 33 and 52. Another 50 women with no obviousmalignancy were enrolled as controls. Results: Pathological studies revealed 81 patients with CC and 19 withcervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Only 19 of the cancer patients (15 with squamous cell carcinomas and 4 withadenocarcinomas) had detectable genetic material of HPV-16 (N=4) and HPV-18 (N=15) in their plasma; geneticmaterial of other types was absent. HPV DNA copies increased with advanced disease in both types. Significantlysmaller amounts of HPV DNA of types 16 and/or 18 were detected in the plasma of 16% of the controls whileother types were negative. Conclusion: The evidence of HPV DNA of high risk types in the plasma of womenwith CCs strongly emphasizes the necessity of more longitudinal comprehensive studies to determine its role asa possible biomarker in cervical cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24782_5acc5e26530f284f62cbf75566326a2f.pdf
HPV-16 DNA- HPV-18 DNA
Plasma
cervical cancer cases
Iran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
169
172
24783
Breast Cancer in Tunisia: Clinical and Pathological Findings
Introduction: The aim of this study was to survey the clinical and pathological features of breast cancer inthe Center of Tunisia. Design: Characteristics of all breast cancer cases diagnosed in the Pathology Department,Farhet Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia during a 15-year period (1993-2007) were analyzed. Results: A total of2,404 new cases of breast cancer were recorded, only 48 being diagnosed in men. The age-standardized incidencerate was 0.7 and 29.2 per 100,000 in men and women, respectively, with median ages of 48.0 and 64.5 years.Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common (2,012 cases). Stage II was the most frequent (47.7%) followedby advanced stages (Stage III and IV, 41%). Conclusion: Cancer of the breast remains the most common cancerin the absence of specific screening measures among Tunisian women. Our study justifies the need to plan anddevelop effective programs aiming at the control and prevention of the spread of breast cancer in Tunisia.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24783_356f5d89316b5514bebcd8b4b8cc04a3.pdf
breast cancer
clinicopathological findings
Tunisia
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
173
178
24784
Quality of Case Ascertainment in Cancer Registries: A Proposal for a Virtual Three-source Capture-recapture Technique
Background: The ability and behaviour of the capture-recapture method using a virtual three-source modelfor evaluation of the level of completeness of case ascertainment requires exploration. Methods: Cancer casesobtained from 9 population-based cancer registries in Thailand during 2003 to 2007 were applied for capturerecaptureusing a model based on clinical, pathological and mortality data. These three virtual sources werederived from three actual items common to all cancer registries: the basis of diagnosis, ICD-O morphologycode, and last known patient status. Poisson regression models were fit to the data to estimate parameterswhich were then transformed into demographic values. A linear model was used to determine the predictorsand estimated percentage of completeness (EPC) in case ascertainment among the cancer registries. Results:The EPC was greater than 97% in 5 and less than 90% in 4 registries. The worst had an EPC of 70%. Thepercentage death certificate only (%DCO) and the interaction between %DCO and morphological verification(MV) were significantly associated with EPC. Other factors intrinsic to registries also exerted influence on theEPC. Conclusions: In addition to other standard indicators to monitor completeness of cancer registries, thepresent virtual three-source capture-recapture model can be routinely used to estimate the level of completenessof case ascertainment in cancer registries.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24784_0f57da34771ac76c00c73a55ab1248bd.pdf
Capture-recapture
estimated percentage completeness (EPC)
virtual three-source model
Thailand
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
179
183
25493
Immunohistochemical (IHC) HER-2/neu and Fluorescent-In–Situ Hybridization (FISH) Gene Amplification of Breast Cancer in Indian Women
Background: The concordance rate between immunohistochemical (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) results for HER2/neu according to clinical performance is controversial. The present prospective studywas theerefore conducted in Indian breast cancer patients. Methods: Fifty cases (n=50) of invasive duct cancerof breast tested for HER-2/neu by IHC and scored as 0, 1+, 2+ and 3+ by pathologists were further analyzed byFISH using a commercially available double-color probe, and the findings compared. Results: A total concordanceof 82.0% was observed with a Kappa coefficient of 0.640 (P < 0.001). A high discordance was observed in 30.0%of the patients with IHC 2+, 7.1% in IHC 3+, 19.2% overall in IHC 0 and 1+. Conclusion: IHC can be usedfirstly to screen the HER-2/neu status, and FISH can be used as a supplementary role to IHC and 2+ and somenegative cases. And only those cases with HER-2/neu status of IHC 3+ or FISH positive should be treated withHerceptin (Trastuzumab).
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25493_6b289a129a35c972aaca5eca5380260d.pdf
breast cancer
HER-2/neu
fish
IHC
Herceptin (Trastuzumab)
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
185
191
25494
Genetic Polymorphisms in the Three Malaysian Races Effect Granisetron Clinical Antiemetic Actions in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Introduction: Nausea and vomiting are recognized as two separate and distinct conditions with a widespectrum of etiologies either directly associated with cancer itself or its treatment. According to the new ranking ofchemotherapy side effects, nausea is the number one or the most disturbing side effects while vomiting is the thirdand sometimes the fifth. The introduction of 5-HT3-recptor antagonists in the early of 1990s has revolutionizedthe treatment of nausea and vomiting, these agents remaining the mainstay of antiemetic therapy today. Ethnicvariation (due to genetic polymorphisms) may lead to diversity in antiemetic treatment pharmacokinetic andpharmacodynamic properties, in terms of distribution, elimination, disposition and clinical effects. The aim ofthe present study was to clarify genetic polymorphism effects in the three main races in Malaysia i.e., Malay,Chinese and Indian, on the clinical antiemetic effects of granisetron. Methods: In this longitudinal prospectiveobservational study, 158 breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy were monitored for nausea andvomiting in the first 24 hours after chemotherapy administration. The patients were then followed up again after3 to 5 days of chemotherapy. Results: Genetic polymorphisms in the three races in Malaysia have significanteffect on granisetron clinical antiemetic action because each is characterized by variant CYP3A4 enzymaticaction. Conclusion: According to the result, different type of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as tropisetronand dolasetron which are predominantly metabolized by CYP2D6, should be used especially for Chinese breastcancer patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25494_88dc643cfee596785ca0194021196db2.pdf
Acute and delayed nausea and vomiting
genetic polymorphisms
CYP3A4
granisetron
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
193
198
25495
Clustering and Geographic Variation of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers in a High-risk Region of Esophageal Cancer in Northern China
Aim: Geographic variation of upper gastrointestinal carcinomas (UGIC) was assessed in a high-risk regionin northern China. Methods: Shexian, Linzhou, Yangcheng and Cixian are four counties with world agestandardizedincidence rates (ASR) of esophageal cancer as high as 124.9, 99.5, 160.1, and 164.9 per 100,000respectively for males, and 70.8, 68.8, 92.1, and 104.6 for females for 1998 to 2002. Geographically, Shexian isentirely mountainous, Linzhou and Yangcheng are mostly mountainous, and Cixian is one-third mountains, onethirdhills, and the other third plains. The corresponding populations is 382,000, 982,000, 395,000 and 625,000 asin 2000. In the present analyses, the world ASRs of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), adenocarcinomaof the esophagogastric junction (AEG), gastric non-cardia carcinoma (GNCC), and the percentages of these inoverall tumor ASRs for 1998 to 2002 were compared across the four counties to show geographic variation andclustering. Additionally, site-specific detection rates of precursors and cancers in our population-based endoscopesurveys with local 40- to 69-year-old residents were also compared between a Cixian commune (2,013 surveyed)and a Shexian commune (1,514). Results: ASRs for ESCC, AEG, and GNCC combined amount to 210.5 to325.8 per 100,000 in men and 117.5 to 185.7 in women, accounting for respectively 70.6 to 82.1% and 53.4 to77.0 % of the all ASRs. In geographic distribution, the percentages of AEG and GNCC in UGICs increasedfrom Cixian (males 32.8%, females 22.1%) to Yangcheng (50.7%, 38.6%) and Linzhou (52.7%, 41.4%), andfurther to Shexian (61.7% , 61.9); while that of ESCC decreased in the same direction from Cixian, to Yangchengand Linzhou, and further to Shexian (67.2% , 77.9% ; 49.3% , 61.4% and 47.3%, 58.6% ; to 38.3% , 38.1%).Similarly, the detection rates of low- and high-grade intraepithelia neoplasia as well as cancers of the esophaguswere significantly higher in the Cixian commune than the Shexian commune (8.7, 4.4, 0.7% vs 7.0, 3.2, 0.4%P=0.004 ); but the rates for the esophagogastric junction were systematically and significantly lower in the Cixianthan in the Shexian commune (2.2, 0.5, 0.8 % Vs 3.3, 0.9, 1.7 %, P=0.001). Conclusions: Clustering of uppergastrointestinal carcinomas may suggest the existence of common risk factors, while geographic variation intopography/histology may be related to regional differences in carcinogen exposure. These observations identifya need for environment improvement, such as programs to improve drinking water conditions. To study highsusceptibility in a historically low mobile population, international collaborative research in this region mayprove to be very fruitful.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25495_ada3442bb698ac3ec3e526445974a86e.pdf
High-risk region
upper gastrointestinal carcinomas
Clustering
Geographic variation
China
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
199
202
25496
Awareness and Practice of Breast Self Examination Among Malaysian Women with Breast Cancer
Breast self-examination (BSE) is a self-generated, non-invasive and non-irradiative method of breast cancerdetection. This paper documents Malaysian women’s awareness and practice of regular BSE as a potent breastcancer detection tool. A pre-test post-test questionnaire survey on women diagnosed with breast cancer (n=66)was conducted. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were performed to correlate demographic variables,knowledge and regular practice of BSE. Findings showed that 80% of the breast cancer survivors self-detectedthe breast lumps, despite a high 85% of these women reporting they were never taught about BSE. More than70% of the women maintained that lack of knowledge/skill on the proper practice of BSE was the key barrierto a more regular BSE practice. After an educational intervention on BSE and breast awareness, we found anincrease report from 17% (at pre-test) to 67% (at post-test) of self reported monthly BSE practices. Provisionof self-management education incorporating BSE, a readily available cheap method, should be introduced atprimary care and breast clinics. This strategy promotes women’s self-efficacy which contributes towards cancercontrol agenda in less resource available countries around Asia Pacific. Longer follow up may be crucial toexamine the adherence to positive BSE behaviour.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25496_02dd8fc12d7a9780875de427d4aec79f.pdf
breast cancer
Breast self-examination
breast screening
awareness
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
203
209
25497
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviour Regarding Breast Cancer Screening among Women from Different Socio-economic Regions in Southwest China: A Cross-sectional Study
Background: In most developed countries, breast cancer screening (BCS) is a well-established practice whichis widely accepted by women. In contrast, national BCS projects in China were only launched in the last twoyears, so little is known about their public response. Methods: We surveyed 1,162 Chinese women from differentsocio-economic regions in Sichuan Province to assess participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour regardingBCS. ANOVA/t-test, Chi-square test, SNK test, and covariance analyses were used to compare subgroupsand a multinomial logistic regression model was adopted to examine factors associated with BCS attendance.Results: Statistically significant differences in scores of BCS knowledge were seen across regions. Most womenfrom all four regions were interested in knowing the risk factors for (1,053, 90.6%) and means of prevention(912, 78.5%) of breast cancer. Eight hundred thirty-seven (72.0%) women expressed willingness to pay extrainsurance fees when young in exchange for reimbursement for cancer screening when they reached the age atwhich screening is recommended. Approval of primary medical institutions was generally low. Regional socioeconomiclevel, work status, and education were strong predictors of BCS attendance. Conclusion: To eliminategeographic disparities and raise the participation rate of BCS, future health education should be adjusted to localconditions and strengthened for women in under-developed regions. Incorporating BCS into a regular programof community-based prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, and increasing medical insurance fundsto cover BCS, especially in rural areas, may be effective means to increase BCS attendance.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25497_1825f52f4620141c1dda18d580722750.pdf
Breast Cancer Screening
Knowledge
Attitude
Behaviour
medical insurance
China
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
211
214
25498
Determination of HER-2/neu by Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization on Borderline (2+) Immunohistochemistry Cases in Carcinoma Breast
Objective: To determine the HER-2/neu status by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) on tissue specimenswith a borderline (2+) immunohistochemistry (IHC) score in carcinoma breast by a descriptive, cross-sectionalstudy in the Histopathology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi from Jun 2008to Dec 2009. Methods: Tissue block specimens from 50 consecutive patients having HER-2/neu score of borderline(2+) on IHC assay were tested for HER-2/neu gene amplification by CISH. Mean and standard deviation werecalculated for quantitative variables like age and HER-2/neu gene copy signal/clusters by using SPSS version14. Frequencies and percentages were also calculated for qualitative variables like type of carcinoma and resultsof HER-2/neu by CISH (amplified/nonamplified). Results: HER-2/neu gene amplification by CISH was foundin 10 (20%) out of 50 patients with borderline (2+) IHC score. All CISH amplified cases belonged to invasiveductal carcinoma type. No significant correlation was noted between type of carcinoma and HER-2/neu geneamplification. Conclusion: Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) is a practical, cost-effective and reliablemethod for analysis of HER-2/neu borderline (2+) cases which may be candidates for Herceptin therapy.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25498_bff7a316a52ac6a0977e8c2dd1f0a4ef.pdf
Breast carcinoma
chromogenic in situ hybridization
HER-2/neu
immunohistochemistry
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
215
218
25499
Correlation of Delta-like Ligand 4 (DLL4) with VEGF and HIF-1α Expression in Human Glioma
To investigate the potential role of the notch ligand delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) in glioma angiogenesis, weexamined whether its expression correlates with that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxiainducedfactor-1α (HIF-1α). Eighty-two specimens of human glioma and 7 of normal brain tissue were subjectedto immunohistochemical analysis for DLL4, VEGF and HIF-1α expression. Statistical analysis were performedto determine if protein expression correlated with clinicopathological parameters, including histological type,pathological grade, and microvessel density (MVD), determined using CD34-labelling. Expression of DLL4,VEGF and HIF-1α was very strong in gliomas, relative to normal tissues, linked with the malignant grade.Moreover, DLL4 staining positively correlated with VEGF and HIF-1α expression and with MVD. Thus ourresults indicate that DLL4 represents a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma angiogenesis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25499_c11dda07030de4c462c0fca9050df1e3.pdf
Glioma
Angiogenesis
delta-like ligand 4
VEGF
HIF-1α
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
219
222
25500
Lymphomas in Golestan Province of Iran: Results of a Population-based Cancer Registry
Introduction: Malignancies of lymphoid cells can be divided into Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas(NHL) on the basis of pathologic features, clinical manifestations and treatment. In this paper we present dataon lymphomas in Golestan province, in the northeast of Iran, during 2004-2006, using three years results ofthe Golestan population-based cancer registry (GPCR), a voting member of the International Association ofCancer Registries (IACR). Methods: GPCR started collecting data on all cancers from all public and privatediagnostic and therapeutic centers (hospitals, specialist physicians’ offices, pathology, laboratory, and imagingcenters) of Golestan province in 2004. Here, we used the Iranian national census data to identify the populationcharacteristics of this geographical area. The last census was done in 2006 and the next one will be done in 2011.The population data for years between the national census intervals are retrieved from provincial census doneannually by health deputy of Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GOUMS). Results: A total of 5,076 cancercases were diagnosed in the GPCR between 2004 and 2006. Of these, 237 (4.67 %) were lymphomas, among theten top cancers of this area, the patients having a mean (±SD) age of 45.2 (±20.9) years. The number of cases,frequency, age specific rates, crude rates and age standardized incidence rates (ASR) (per 100,000 personyears)for lymphomas in males and females are presented. Conclusion: It could be concluded that accordingto available therapies for HL and NHL, the outcome of the patients could be improved in this area, due to thebetter diagnostic and therapeutic methods now available.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25500_a5ba28c691d3d30528e0c6efc02fcb87.pdf
incidence data
Lymphoma
Golestan
Iran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
223
227
25501
Genotoxic Monitoring and Benzene Exposure Assessment ofGasoline Station Workers in Metropolitan Bangkok: Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) and Urinary Trans, Trans-Muconic Acid (t,t-MA)
Early warning of the potential of mutagens or carcinogens caused by benzene exposure that might occur ingasoline station workers can be achieved by examining 2 major biomarkers: sister chromatid exchange (SCE)and trans, trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), a urinary metabolite of benzene. The main objective of this study was toassess benzene exposure and monitor the genotoxic effect of gasoline station workers in Bangkok, Thailand. Bloodand urine samples were collected from 33 gasoline station workers, working in Pathumwan district area, centralBangkok, Thailand, for SCE and t,t-MA analysis, from April to June 2009. Control samples were collected from30 office workers and students in the same area at the same period. Our results indicated significantly higherfrequencies of SCE in gasoline exposed workers were than in controls (p<0.01), independent of gender. Urinaryt,t-MA and t,t-MA/creatinine levels of gasoline exposed workers were also significantly higher than the controlgroups (p<0.05) were significantly higher in women than men workers (p<0.01). Calculated chromosomal damagerelative risk (RR) of gasoline station workers was 3.00 (95% CI = 1.81 - 4.98, p<0.001) compared to controls. Thegasoline exposed workers had potentially higher risk of chromosomal damage and cancer development becauseof direct contact to benzene.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25501_cd29634a0ebf3dad97742bb9edc1e432.pdf
Gasoline exposure - genotixicity - sister chromatid exchange - trans
trans-muconic acid
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
229
233
25502
Green Tea Drinking Habits and Esophageal Cancer in Southern China: A Case- Control Study
Aim: To investigate effects of green tea drinking and its temperature on esophageal cancer development.Methods: A 1:2 matched hospital-based case-control study including 150 cases and 300 controls was conducted insouthern area of China from June 2004 to May 2010. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect informationon possible risk factors of esophageal cancer, and to assess the tea drinking habit and temperature. Conditionallogistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: We find a significant protective effect of high consumption of green tea on esophageal cancer with lowtemperature tea (OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.29-0.97). However, drinking tea at a temperature of 70-79℃ and above 80℃was related to greatly elevated risk of esophageal cancer with ORs of 2.21 (1.57-5.53) and 4.74 (2.67-10.51). Anagreement was found between reported tea temperature and measured temperature (correlation coefficient =0.62).Further analysis indicated hot tea temperature to be associated with heavy risk of esophageal cancer in formerand current smokers and current drinkers (former and current smokers: OR=8.91(1.91-16.77) and 7.33(2.23-12.46), respectively; former and current drinkers: OR=7.58(0.83-9.53) and 6.93(2.01-10.65)). Conclusion: Inthe South China context, drinking tea at high temperature significantly increases risk of esophageal cancer,especially in drinkers and smokers.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25502_f308101b1d85158fc36b9bea9a4635dd.pdf
Green tea
tea drinking temperature
Esophageal Cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
235
238
24785
Risk Factors for High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Patients with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASC-US) Papanicolaou Smears
Objective: To determine risk factors of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2-3) among womenwith atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Methods: Twohundredand sixty-six women with ASC-US Pap tests who underwent a colposcopy with histologic study wereenrolled between August 2008 and June 2010. Patient data including age, education, income, parity, currentpills used, number of vaginal deliveries, number of sexual partners, age at first sexual intercourse, history ofsexually transmitted diseases, history of pelvic inflammatory disease and smoking habits were obtained. Logisticregression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with CIN 2-3. Results: CIN was diagnosed in 134 of266 women (50.4%). Ninty-seven of these (72.4%) had CIN 1 and 37 (27.6%) had CIN 2-3. Frequency of thelatter was lower in women who had at least bachelor’s degree graduation as compared to those having less thanprimary school graduation (odds ratio (OR) 0.085, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.013-0.557). In addition, thosewith a higher income (5,000-20,000 baht per month) had less frequent CIN 2-3 (OR 0.378, 95% CI 0.147-0.970),whereas women who had 3 or more sexual partners were more likely to develop CIN 2-3 (OR 3.181, 95% CI1.316-7.687). Conclusions: Women with ASC-US Pap smears who had 3 or more sexual partners, low educationand low income were at an increased risk of CIN 2-3. Therefore, this group of patients deserve a high priorityfor immediate colposcopy in order for early detection of high-grade CIN.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24785_48ad13174b9d766d5541bd7f526a3bdd.pdf
Pap smear
ASCUS
colposcopy
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
cervical cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
239
245
24786
SiRNA-mediated Silencing of β-catenin Suppresses Invasion and Chemosensitivity to Doxorubicin in MG-63 Osteosarcoma Cells
Purpose: β-catenin, the chief oncogenic component of the canonical Wnt pathway, is known to be involvedin development of a variety of cancers, but its role in human osteosarcomas is not fully understood. Here weinvestigate the effect of small interfering RNA-mediated β-catenin knockdown on the survival, invasion andchemosensitivity of a human osteosarcoma cell line. Methods: A siRNA against β-catenin was constructed andtransfected into MG-63 cells. Expression of β-catenin was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Cellgrowth and apoptosis were assessed in the presence or absence of doxorubicin by MTT and flow cytometry,respectively, cell invasion by transwell assay, and XIAP, Bclxl, nulear P65 and MT1-MMP expression by westernblot and real-time PCR. Results: Transfection of β-catenin siRNA resulted in decreased expression of β-catenin,suppression of invasion and motility of MG-63 cells and reduced chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in vitro, butlittle change in cell growth and apoptosis. At the same time, down-regulation of MT1-MMP and up-regulationof NF-kappaB activation were observed. Conclusion: Knock-down of β-catenin gene may decrease the invasionability through down-regulation of MT1-MMP expression and enhance the chemoresistance to doxorubicin viathe NF-kappaB pathway. In contrast to other tumors, β-catenin may not play an oncogenic role in osteosarcomacells.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24786_db5ff26e52a21736a62ebbff3e679c9d.pdf
β-catenin
osteosarcoma cell line
siRNA
Gene Therapy
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
247
252
25503
Meta-analysis of the Relationship between the Metholenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Genetic Polymorphism, Folate Intake and Esophageal Cancer
Objective: To evaluate the effect of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T genetic polymorphism(MTHFR C677T) and folate intake on the risk of esophageal cancer. Methods: A total of 17 studies (3,277 casesand 4,661 controls) regarding MTHFR C677T and 6 studies (1,817 cases and 7,678 controls) regarding folateintake published between 2001 and 2011 were identified through researching MEDLINE, EMBASE and theChinese Biomedical Database. The data of the last search was February 2011. A meta-analysis was performedto obtain summary estimated odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals of folate intake and MTHFR C677T foresophageal cancer. Results: A significant association was seen between MTHFR 677 CT [adjusted OR (95%CI)=1.55(1.28-1.88)] and TT [crude OR (95% CI)=1.63(1.24-2.15)] genotypes and esophageal cancer. Folateintake was seen to have a preventive effect on esophageal cancer [OR (95% CI)=0.60(0.50-0.70)]. Non-drinkerswith MTHFR 677 CT and TT showed light esophageal cancer risk, and higher esophageal cancer risk was foundamong smokers. Also, the MTHFR 677 CT and TT genotypes were associated with light esophageal cancer riskin non-drinkers and a higher risk in drinkers. The meta-regression analysis showed the effect of MTHFR 677CT and TT increased with the level of alcohol and tobacco consumption. The MTHFR 677 TT genotype showeda decreased risk of esophageal cancer in the high folate intake group. Conclusion: MTHFR 677CT/TT increasethe risk of esophageal cancer, and the effects are greatly modified by alcohol, tobacco and folate intake. Folateintake was seen to have a preventive effect on developing esophageal cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25503_c43fc3fb5b7e27363d6d6ceb1f965372.pdf
Esophageal Cancer
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T
folate intake
Meta-analysis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
253
257
25504
Role of Appropriate Surgery in Survival of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Objective: Management of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients is largely based on appropriate surgery.The principle treatment of early stage is competence of surgical staging surgery and surgical management of allpatients with advance EOC is approach in a similar manner with cytoreduction surgery. We decided to evaluatethe impact of appropriate surgery as a scale on 2 and 5-year survival in EOC patients. Methods: In a descriptiveanalytic study a total 186 patients were divided into 62 with early stage of EOC equivocal FIGO stage I and 124with advanced disease at Vali-e-Asr Hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran, from 1998to 2008. Two and 5-year disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival rates were determined and comparedbetween the two groups using chi-squared test’ Kaplan Meier and Cox regression. Results: Five-year DFS inpatients with early stage of disease was 85% for the surgical staging group and 38% for non-surgical staginggroup (P=0.037). Two-year DFS and overall survival did not differ between the groups. Also 5-year survivalrates in subjects with surgical staging surgery were 42% and 40% for non staging group. For patients assignedto advanced disease group, 5-year DFS in subjects with cytoreductive surgery was 73% and the figure for theremainder was 58%. Five-year overall survival rate in cytoreductive surgery group was 43% in comparison to38% in the second group. Conclusion: Maximal effort for appropriate surgery appears to be a corner stone foroptimal survival.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25504_d56f07805468a076aee738a00c85fa6e.pdf
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
appropriate surgery
surgical staging
cytoreduction
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
259
263
25505
A Synthetic Hydrazone Derivative Acts as an Apoptotic Inducer with Chemopreventive Activity on a Tongue Cancer Cell Line
One of the main aims of cancer chemopreventive studies is to identify ideal apoptotic inducers, especiallyexamples which can induce early apoptotic activity. The present investigation focused on chemopreventive effectsof a hydrazone derivative using an in vitro model with tongue cancer cells. Alteration in cell morphology wasascertained, along with stage in the cell cycle and proliferation, while living-dead status of the cells was confirmedunder a confocal microscope. In addition, cytotoxicity test was performed using normal mouse skin fibroblastcells. The results showed that the compound inhibited the growth of tongue cancer cells with an inhibitoryconcentration (IC50) of 0.01 mg/ml in a dose and time-dependent manner, with a two-fold increase in earlyapoptotic activity and G0G1 phase cell cycle arrest compared to untreated cells. Exposure to the compound alsoresulted in alterations of cell morphology including vacuolization and cellular shrinkage. Confocal microscopeanalysis using calcein and ethidium staining confirmed that the compound caused cell death, whereas no cytotoxiceffects on normal mouse skin fibroblast cells were observed. In conclusion, the findings in this study suggestedthat the hydrazone derivative acts as an apoptotic inducer with anti-proliferative chemopreventive activity intongue cancer cells.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25505_9178845d26cf8a0e9994a08bf3aa695a.pdf
Chemoprevention
Apoptosis
hydrazones
tongue cancer cells
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
265
269
25506
The ECRG1 290Arg/Gln Polymorphism is Related to Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Kashmir
ECRG1 (esophageal cancer related gene 1) is a novel candidate member of the tumor suppressor gene familypreviously found to be down regulated in human esophageal cancer (ESCC). So far no evidence regarding therole of the ECRG1 gene in this cancer has been reported from the Kashmir valley, located on the border of thehigh risk ‘esophageal cancer belt’. A case control study was therefore carried out with genomic DNA from 165newly diagnosed ESCC patients (cases) and 200 control subjects. DNA was analyzed for ECRG1 polymorphismsby RFLP PCR, gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing. A statistically significantly increased risk of ESCCwas found to be associated with the ECRG1 Arg/Gln and Gln/Gln genotype occurrence compared to the Arg/Arg genotype (odds ratio (OR) 1.698, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.112–2.593); P= 0.0138) was observed.Statistically significant results were also obtained between the ECRG1 polymorphism and histophathologicalgrade, smoking, dysphagia, low fruit/vegetable intake and salt tea consumption.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25506_b6098c42bdcbdc6b7effee1d897b36e9.pdf
ECRG1
genetic risk
Esophageal SCC
RFLP
PCR
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
271
275
25507
Evaluation of a Navigator Program for Cancer Screening of Women in Korean Communities
The objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate a culturally acceptable navigator program for femalecommunity leaders to improve the cancer screening rates of Korean women. The study was designed to improveknowledge, self efficacy and communication skills for breast and cervical cancer screening, monitor navigator’sactivities and evaluate change of knowledge, motivation, behavioral skills of a selected community population.A total of 30 women aged from 40-69 who were educated in a 12 hour navigator program, and 210 of a 1,200community members in contact with cancer screening navigators were surveyed for evaluation of effectivenessof the navigator program. Contents of program were causes of cancer, benefit of breast cancer early detection,benefit of cervical cancer early detection, health care service for cancer screening, role of cancer early detectionnavigators, communication skills, trans-theoretical modeling and role play. Cancer screening was significantlyrelated to the change of knowledge by cancer screening navigator (OR=3.02, p<0.01), and changed skills fortaking screening (OR=2.46, p<0.05). This study showed that the navigator program could be applied effectivelyto communities in Korea, contributing to improvement of screening rates through community capacity building.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25507_48bc16da6786ba0512d96373ddcf9ffa.pdf
evaluation
navigator
cancer screening
Korean women
community activities
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
277
282
25508
Cognition of Breast Cancer Among Gestational Age Turkish Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
The aim of the study is to describe the cognition of breast cancer with respect to knowledge, beliefs, attitudesand behavior in a group of gestational age Turkish women. A questionnaire survey was therefore performed on201 randomly selected women registered to the health database in Aydin. In age, marital status, and occupationwere found to significantly impact on breast self-examination (BSE) performance, which should still be consideredas an important tool for early diagnosis, although it does not substitute clinical examination and education. Asdelayed diagnosis is the leading problem in the management of disease, well-structured education should besupported to increase awareness of breast cancer. Given to the remarkable role of nurses in the community onwomen’s health, a more focused approach on education of young female populations by nurses in Turkey shouldbe considered.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25508_ceca0c12f7da8c2b66b69a206f50ebb7.pdf
breast cancer
Breast self examination
gestational age
cognition
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
283
284
25509
Spectrum of Primary Non-Cutaneous Malignant Melanomas in Northern Pakistan
Objective: To study the frequency and distribution of non-cutaneous malignant melanoma in NorthernPakistan using a cross-sectional descriptive design at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi,from 1987-2008. Materials and Methods: A total of 234 cases of malignant melanoma reported from 1987-2008were retrieved from the AFIP tumour registry and analysed for age, gender and site using computer softwareSPSS 12. Results: Of a total of 58,680 malignant cases reported at AFIP from 1987-2008, only 234 (0.4%) wereof malignant melanoma, 142 in males and 92 in females. The age range was 10-97years, with a mean of 53±16.Only 69 (29.5%) were cutaneous and 165 (70.5%) were non-cutaneous in origin: there were 62 (37.4%) casesfrom anorectal region, 39 (23.4%)were from eye ball and 17 (10.2%) in the nasopharynx, 13 cases (7.8%) fromoral mucosa and 11 (6.6%) from the vagina. Conclusion: Malignant melanoma is markedly less cutaneous inPakistan as compared to the western world, often being found in the anorectal region followed by the eye,nasopharynx, and oral mucosa in descending order.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25509_9ab34b0f7a22c3c4efd083411ec68172.pdf
Malignant Melanoma
cutaneous melanoma
non-cutaneous melanoma
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
285
288
25510
Long-term Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Gynecologic Cancer Survivors
Objective: To determine the prevalence of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in gynecologic cancersurvivors after radical hysterectomy (RH) as compared to total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). The impact onquality of life (QOL) was also evaluated. Materials and Methods: From January to April 2010, 108 gynecologiccancer survivors (52 cervical, 28 ovarian and 28 endometrial cancer patients) who underwent primary surgery atKing Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital completed the Urogenital Distress Inventory and Incontinence ImpactQuestionnaire (UDI and IIQ). The UDI has 3 subscales for 19 items of symptoms associated with LUTD. The IIQis a QOL questionnaire which has 4 subscales for 30 items refering to degree of urinary incontinence affectingvarious activities and emotions. A higher score indicates a greater impairment of QOL. Results: The RH groupwas younger (52.3 ± 8.0 years) than TAH group (56.2 ± 9.1 years), with a lower nulliparous rate (13.2% and55.4%) but more sexual activity (56.6% and 21.4%). Median time from primary surgery was the same in bothgroups (5 years, range 3-20). Seventy gynecologic cancer survivors (64.8%) had LUTD, without significantvariation between the two groups (68.6% and 61.4%, respectively). However, the RH group had significantly morestress urinary incontinence (45.1% as compared to 21% for the TAH group) and voiding dysfunction (31.4%and 1.8%). The total scores and scores from most UDI subscales except irritative symptoms were significantlyhigher in the RH group. In contrast, there were no differences in total and all IIQ subscale scores. Conclusion:Stress urinary incontinence and voiding dysfunction were prevalent in gynecologic cancer survivors after RH.However, there was no impact on QOL when compared to survivors undergoing TAH.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25510_30322919ce0ba75038b1d40143426144.pdf
Gynecologic cancer survivors
lower urinary tract dysfunction
QOL
Urinary incontinence
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
289
295
25511
Familial Prevalence of Cancer in Iran: A General Population Estimate
Background: Having a family history (FH) of cancer is recognized as one of the most important factors inpredicting personal cancer risk. Since reports on cancer FH from developing countries are limited, the presentstudy was conducted to provide a first report on the prevalence of familial cancers in Iran. Methods: Crosssectionalanalysis performed on self-reported FH of cancers based on data from a large population based studyin Tehran, the capital of Iran. Each participant was shown a list of site-specific cancers and asked if a relative hadbeen diagnosed with any cancer on the list, completing the question by specifying the age of diagnosis. Results:Stomach cancer (4.6%) was the most common condition noted for family members, followed by the cancers ofthe breast (4.2%), lung (3.5%), liver (3.1%), leukemia (3.0) and colorectum (2.8%). The most frequent cancerreported by the responders was breast (1.8%) in first degree relatives (FDR) and stomach (1.8%) and stomach(2.8%) in second degree relatives (SDR). A FH of cancer was more commonly reported by younger persons andfemales. Of all respondents with a positive FH, 28.2% had at least one affected person diagnosed at age under50 years in their FDRs. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of individuals in the Iran report having a familymember affected by cancer, and thus may be recommended for early cancer screening services.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25511_c8936f19b58d569934f8a754a276baab.pdf
family history
cancer in Iran- prevalence
cross-sectional
self-report
Screening
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
297
302
25512
Lack of Influence of the ADH1B Arg47His Genetic Polymorphism on Risk of Colorectal Adenoma in Middle-aged Japanese Men
Alcohol consumption is one of the risk factors for colorectal cancers and adenomas. Since alcohol dehydrogenaseis a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism, it may thus play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis. The present study wasconducted to asess the association of a functional ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism with colorectal adenomas in acase-control study of male officials in the Self-Defense Forces who received a pre-retirement health examinationat two Self-Defense Forces hospitals. The study subjects comprised 455 with colorectal adenomas and 1,052controls without polyps, all of whom underwent total colonoscopy. Statistical adjustment was made for age,hospital, Self-Defense Forces rank, body mass index, cigarette-years, and alcohol consumption. There was nomeasurable association between the ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism and colorectal adenoma development. Theadjusted odds ratio for individuals with the 47His/His genotype compared to those with individuals with 47Argalleles was 1.18 (95% confidence interval 0.94-1.49). There was no influence of the level of alcohol consumption(interaction P = 0.84). In addition, there were no clear interactions of the ADH1B with ALDH2 Glu487Lys andMTHFR C677T with regard to the risk of colorectal adenoma. In conclusion, the present study suggested thatthe ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism does not contribute to the risk of colorectal adenoma in any subgroup ofmiddle-aged Japanese men defined by alcohol drinking, as well as the ALDH2 Glu487Lys and MTHFR C677Tgenotypes.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25512_4e5bda3a91479248432cc6264f3e0ef5.pdf
colorectal adenomas
ADH1B polymorphism
Alcohol use
gene-environment interaction
Case-control study
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
303
307
25513
Gastric Cancer in Kashmir
Gastric cancer has been reported to be a highly prevalent malignancy in Kashmir, where together withesophageal cancer it accounts for more than 60% of all cancers, much higher than in other parts of the region.Particular life style habits like consumption of salted tea and tobacco smoking by hukkah, as well as Helicobacterpylori infection, are often mentioned in the context of risk factors. However, the majority of the population doesnot consume alcohol and the prevalence of H. pylori does not appear to explain the high incidence of gastric cancerin the population. Other prevalent habits of gastric cancer patients are presented here along with demographicand tumor details. In future, well designed studies of incidence rates (population based) are essential along withinvestigations of reported and suspected risk factors.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25513_1f27ce47df275115f834eeb01a973367.pdf
Gastric cancer
Kashmir
lifestyle factors
Tobacco
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
309
311
25514
A Novel Polymorphism in BRCA2 Exon 8 and Breast Cancer Risk in South India
In India the incidence of breast cancer is on the rise and it is rapidly becoming the number one cancer infemales, pushing cervical cancer to the second spot. The contribution of BRCA2 to the development of the sporadicform of breast cancer remains undefined. To assess the role of SNPs in exon 8 of the BRCA2 gene in breastcancer development in India, a population-based study was here carried out on 107 breast cancer patients and96 controls by PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing. T-C transitions at positions 29 bp and 44 bp in relation to thetotal sequence of exon 8 were identified. Characterization of BRCA genes is relevant in a prevention setting aswell as for the clinical management of hereditary breast cancer patients. The presently identified novel mutationin exon8 of the BRCA2 gene might have clinical significance.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25514_f0d6d0e6e52809f36366fb4b1dad552e.pdf
BRCA2 gene
breast cancer
SNP
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
313
316
25515
Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Cancer Patients from Western Nepal
Objectives: There is growing evidence that oxidative stress (OS) has a causal relationship with cancerand a weak antioxidant defense can aggravate it further. We therefore, undertook this study to examine lipidperoxidation (TBARS), total antioxidant activity (TAA), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and α- tocopherol levels incancer patients, with special attention to the influence of smoking. Methods: The study subjects were 42 patients(61.19±10.1yrs) suffering from cancer and 43 normal subjects (NS) (56.69±19.1yrs). Plasma levels of TBARS,TAA, vitamin C and α- tocopherol were estimated. Results: TAA and α-tocopherol levels were significantly lowerand TBARS levels significantly higher in cancer patients when compared to NS. In smoking cancer patient’sα-tocopherol levels were significantly low and TBARS significantly raised. Conclusion: Our observations indicatethat increased lipid peroxidation, reduced total antioxidant activity and α-tocopherol levels are associated withcancer development, with and without smoking. However, a greater reduction of TAA in smokers may be dueto increased oxidants introduced by smoking.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25515_e0b4fb04f6ed355ab75aeec893aa4ce9.pdf
smoking
oxidative stress
antioxidants
cancer
Western Nepal
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
317
321
25516
CNS Neoplasms in Pakistan, a Pathological Perspective
The Section of Histopathology, Aga Khan University is the largest center for histopathology in Pakistan and isthe major reporting and referral center for CNS neoplasms in the country. Over the years, a significant increasehas been noted in the number of CNS neoplasms reported annually. This increase most likely represents increasednumber of neurosurgical procedures being performed. A major problem that we face as histopathologists isabsence of clinical history or radiological films in a large number of cases.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25516_4883d9de6d72289a294e743fe87f79e5.pdf
Central nervous system tumors
Pakistan
histopathological diagnosis
gliomas
meningiomas
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
323
325
25517
Standard Pediatric Oncology Data and Information Technology: Necessities for Cancer Care Management
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in children and survivors require life time follow-up. There is agrowing recognition of the need to base cancer control policies on accurate, detailed and timely information oncancer management and outcomes. Coordination and central documentation ensure quality of treatment andpermit clinical and scientific investigations. The combined data thus obtained create a comprehensive pictureof disease, leading to more effective prevention and cure. Medical information can be gathered, processed andanalyzed in different ways and the importance of precise language cannot be overestimated. All medical activityarises from the ability to observe and communicate intelligibly and a lack of standardized documentationleads to insufficient integration of clinical work. The Minimal Standard data set is the result of a global effortto establish a common structure and vocabulary for electronic reports. In addition, information technologycombines research aspects of decision support and clinical documentation, allowing formal representation ofgeneral protocols, calculating of a particular therapy for a patient, data acquisition in the clinics. Our aim inthis papers is to stress the need for standard pediatric oncology data and information technology as an approachto cancer care management.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25517_42574a7b8d9cabe2775674ebea724b48.pdf
Data set
pediatric oncology
cancer care
Information technology
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
327
333
25518
Midcourse Evaluation of the Second-term 10-year Plan for Cancer Control in Korea
The Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Korean National Cancer Center (NCC) developedthe Second-term 10-year Plan for Cancer Control, 2006-2015, on the basis of an evaluation of progress of theFirst-term Plan for Cancer Control (10-yr PCC) from 2005-2006. The second-term 10-yr PCC started with twomain objectives and 35 specific aims in eight focus areas, with the overall goal of reducing the economic burdenof cancer. We here assessed the status of the 10-yr PCC objectives by midcourse evaluation in 2010, mid-waythrough the second term. Based on our evaluation and comments received from the government and the NCC,the Cancer Control 2015 objectives were modified. Of the original two main and 35 specific objectives in eightfocus areas, four specific objectives were deleted because they were not relevant to the focus areas and threewere revised to reflect changes in data sources or projects. In addition, four new objectives were introduced toreflect new data sources or emerging projects. The 2015 targets of 13 objectives were also modified to reflect themidcourse evaluation. This mid-term exercise provided an opportunity to assess the progress made during thefirst half of the decade and thereby accurately characterize the current and future status of cancer control andeffectively manage cancer-control programs.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25518_ee63b214e77fb241311f9fe8393555f7.pdf
Cancer control
long-term plan
program evaluation
Korean National Plan 2006-2015
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
335
336
25519
Usefulness of the Mononucleotide Marker “BAT-26” for Identification of Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancers
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25519_6aa9dd6486b53a2e5b3c496530260a55.pdf
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-01-01
12
1
337
338
25520
Specialist Physicians Should be Aware of the National Cancer Control and Screening Program: A Report from Medical Oncologists in Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25520_55b9f92fe94272b815aac1685eaac39b.pdf