eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1647
1655
25752
Breast Cancer Screening Among Females in Iran and Recommendations for Improved Practice: A Review
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer amongst women, in Iran comprising 21.4% of femalecancers. There are several screening modalities for breast cancer including breast self-examination, clinicalbreast examination and mammography. This research reviews the literature surrounding the implementationof these screening approaches in the Islamic Republic of Iran. After initial results produced approximately 208articles, a total of 96 articles were included because they specifically addressed epidemiological characteristicsof breast cancer, culture, religion, health seeking behavior, screening programs and the health system in Iran.Literature showed that breast self-examination and clinical breast examination were most common as there isno population-based mammography screening program in Iran. Additionally, most women appear to obtaininformation through the mass media. Results also indicate that Islamic beliefs and preventative medicine arevery much aligned and can be used to promote breast cancer screening in Iran. These results highlight thatthere is a need for aggressive preventative measures focusing on breast self examination and gradually movingtowards national mammography programs in Iran ideally disseminated through the media with governmentsupport.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25752_75b9dddb81539465950f02a8ccfc696f.pdf
breast cancer
screening recommendations
Practice
Iran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1657
1663
25753
Current Status of Thyroid Cancer Screening in Korea: Results From a Nationwide Interview Survey
Objective: Since 2000, thyroid cancer has been increasing most rapidly in Korea. Although the cause of theincrease is not clear, thyroid cancer screening could be identified as one of its causes. The purpose of this study wasto examine the screening rate of thyroid cancer and its related factors using nationwide data. Methods: The studypopulation was derived from the 2009 Korea National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), an annual cross-sectionalsurvey that uses a nationally representative random sampling to investigate cancer screening rates. A total of 2,000Korean adults participated. The screening method of thyroid cancer was restricted to thyroid ultrasonography.Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with undergoing thyroid cancer screening. Results: Ofall participants, 13.2% (8.4% men and 16.4% women) underwent thyroid ultrasonography. On multiple analyses,age, residence, belief in cancer screening, regular health check-ups, smoking, alcohol drinking, and exercisewere associated with thyroid cancer screening. Subjects who underwent other cancer screening, such as gastric,colorectal, breast, or cervical, were more likely to have had a thyroid ultrasonogram that those who did not getscreened. Conclusions: We presented the number and characteristics of examinees utilized ultrasonography as athyroid screening tool in Korea. Although these results revealed that cancer screening might play a major role inthe increase of thyroid cancer incidence, further research is needed to determine causes of the rapidly increasingincidence of thyroid cancer in Korea.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25753_70c9ca6dbbd4910ead0293ecc22b9a24.pdf
Screening
Early Detection of Cancer
Thyroid gland
participation factors
Korea
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1665
1669
25762
Effects of Yiqi Chutan Tang on the Proteome in LEWIS Lung Cancer in Mice
In order to verify effects of Yiqi Chutan Tang on lung cancer and assess molecular mechanisms involvedwe focused on size, tumor weight and the numbers of lung metastases and differential expression proteinspot information acquired by two-way fluorescence with a tumor difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE)system, and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF). Differences were finally verified by Western blot andfluorescence quantitative PCR.We found that tumor size, tumor weight in Yiqi Chutan Tang treatment groupwere significantly less than that in model group (p<0.01), with a tumor growth inhibition rate of 57.2%. For geldiagram analysis of 2D-DIGE system, compared with model group, there were 44 expressed differentially proteinspots, of which 6 were up-regulated and 38 were down-regulated. Among these proteins, 37 (30 down-regulatedand 7 up-regulated) were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-TOF. In conclusion, Yiqi Chutan Tang effectson LEWIS lung cancer appeared highly related to down-regulated expression of Hspd1, prolyl 4-hydroxylase,protein disulfide-isomerase A3 precursor, EG433182, heat shock protein 5 precursor, heat shock protein 9 andstress-induced phosphoprotein 1.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25762_0aacbfaeb4ea0a0b33624c99d53a2a29.pdf
Yiqi Chutan Tang
proteome
Lung cancer
anti-tumor effects
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1671
1674
25763
Efficacy of Orally Administered Lentinula edodes Mycelia Extract for Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients Undergoing Cancer Chemotherapy: a Pilot Study
This study investigated the influence of Lentinula edodes mycelia extract (LEM), an oral immunomodulator,on immune function and adverse events from chemotherapy. Subjects comprised 1 gastric and 7 colorectalcancer patients. The first course of treatment was chemotherapy alone and the second was chemotherapy plusconcomitant administration of LEM. Adverse events and interferon (IFN)-γ production by CD4+ T, CD8+ Tand CD56+ NK/NKT cells were evaluated at the end of each course. Grade 1 or 2 adverse events were observedat the end of the first course for 6 of 8 patients. In comparison, no patients displayed any adverse events at theend of the second course. Tendencies toward improved IFN-γ production by CD4+ T, CD8+ T and CD56+ NK/NKT cells were also seen. These results suggest that concomitant use of LEM with chemotherapy can decreasethe incidence of adverse effects from cancer chemotherapy among patients with advanced cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25763_b44da3ab2aea10429dd7664b11e77efb.pdf
Lentinula edodes mycelia extract
Cancer chemotherapy
advanced cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1675
1679
25764
Survivin Deficiency Leads to Imparalization of Cytokinesis in Cancer Cells
Background: Survivin has been implicated in cancer progression and is known to be over-expressed in a variety of human malignancies. Positive regulation of survivin expression provides a connecting link between cell cycle and tumorigenesis or perhaps tumour maintenance. Methods: An experiment was designed to analyse survivin expression in cell lines (MCF 7, Zr751, A549, HepG2) using SDS-PAGE, Western blots, RT-PCR, AGE and heamatoxylin-eosin staining were done. Results: SDS-PAGE revealed the presence of 16.5 kDa protein. Subsequent western Blot and cytological analysis showed down-regulation of survivin expression in cancer cells. Conclusion: Therefore, the study allows the conclusion that survivin is essential for proper chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. It seems reasonable to suspect that abnormal expression or function of survivin might contribute to multinucleated and apoptotic conditions.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25764_0c9240b6f909cf12ebe2c18de8262c81.pdf
Survivin
anti-apoptotic protein
Apoptosis
cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1681
1685
25765
Cancer Screening for Women Living in Urban Slums - Acceptance and Satisfaction
Background and Objectives: Preventable cancers like cancers of cervix, breast and oral cavity claim more than 142,500 lives of Indian women annually. Mobile cancer screening may help in early detection and successful treatment in vulnerable populations. Methods: This is a community based mobile cancer screening program in co-ordination with various non-governmental organizations. Participants included 182 women from low socio-economic background residing in Mumbai. Around twenty five consenting women were screened in each of the eight camps conducted. Health education programme (HEP) was given before screening. Tests included clinical breast examination (CBE) for breast , visual inspection with 5% acetic acid (VIA), visual inspection with lugols iodine (VILI) followed by colposcopic examination for cervix and oral visual examination (OVE) for oral cavity. Women requiring further diagnostic tests were referred to the nodal hospital. A satisfaction survey was carried out at the end of the examination. Results: Out of 182 women screened, 179 received health education. More than 90% of the participants were satisfied with the various aspects of screening. Majority (90%) of them found the mobile screening facility more convenient and accessible than static site screening. The variables age and income were found to be significantly associated with the overall satisfaction of the participants. The satisfaction level regarding information given during HEP was moderate (74%) compared to other factors. Interpretation and Conclusion: The overall acceptance and satisfaction levels were encouraging with the mobile cancer screening programme. Such a facility can act as an important tool in cancer prevention and control in low socio-economic women.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25765_b92344e214520e8e8fde539fd4cf3222.pdf
Cancer screening - satisfaction - low socio-economic women - Mumbai
India
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1687
1692
25766
Smoking Status of Turkish Nursing Students and Factors Affecting Their Behavior
Objective: This descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted in order to determine the smoking status ofnursing students and factors affecting their behavior. Methods: Subjects were 220 students who were selectedfrom all classes of a School of Nursing with a stratified random sampling method and who voluntarily acceptedto participate. Permission was obtained both from individuals and the relevant institution to conduct the study.Data were collected through Demographic Data Collecting Form, Decisional Balance Scale, Fegostrom AddictionTest and Cessation phase scale. Percentage calculations, chi square, odd ratio, Kruskal wallis and CHAID analysiswere used in the assessment of the data. Findings: 81.5 % of the students were female (163), average age was20.9±1.6 years, age at first smoking was 15.4±4.1, 58.5 of the parents were smokers and at least one person fromamong their friends was smoking (30%). 19.5 % of the students were smoking. The difference between smokingratios of male and female students was significant (p<0.001). Rates increased with increase in the number offriends who smoke (p<0.001). Differences were detected across geographical regions (p=0.023). Smoking mostlyincreases at times of exams (42.5 %). It was estimated that 69.2 % of the smokers are addicts at a low level.Some 56.3 % of the smokers and 12.5 % of non-smokers found smoking beneficial (p<0.001), this increasingthe future smoking risk nine fold. Pros and cons perceptions score averages of smokers were intermediate. Thedifference between score averages of smokers and non-smokers as regards to cancerogenic effects of smokingwas found to be statistically significant (p=0.034). 34 % of the students stated that their opinions about smokingdid not change even though they received an education in the field of nursing. Conclusion: One in five studentsparticipating in the study was smoker. In terms of variables, while gender, geographical region, number of friendsusing cigarettes and times of exams effect the use of cigarettes, no influence was noted for class, perceived incomelevel, settlement, smoking and cancer cases in the family.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25766_cc90607e5edf8cf43ef79109a204de19.pdf
Nursing student smoking status
smoking pros and cons
Turkey
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1693
1696
25767
Comparative Efficacy of Imprint and Squash Cytology in Diagnosing Lesions of the Central Nervous System
Introduction: Central nervous system lesions can be localized precisely with the help of computerizedtomography (CT). However, rapid cytological diagnosis of lesions by imprint and/or squash smear technique isuseful to assist the operating surgeon to avoid unnecessary craniotomy. The present study was conducted withthe aim to study the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of the two types of smears in central nervoussystem lesions while taking histology as gold standard. Materials and Methods: In the present study 149 lesionsof the central nervous system were studied by squash and imprint smear techniques and results were comparedwith histology. Cytology smears were stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa and Pap stain. Histopathology smearswere stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain. Results: Out of 149 cases, 85 were malignant and 64 cases wereeither benign or non-neoplastic lesions. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy by squash smearwere 90.6%, 87.5% and 89.3% respectively and that of the imprint smears were found to be 92.9%, 90.6%and 92.0%. The combined sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of both techniques were even greater(95.3%, 93.8% and 94.6%). Conclusions: The present study showed that imprint smear examination is superiorto the squash smear for diagnosing lesions of the central nervous system.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25767_73e07dd97ef84e513fc881b589294009.pdf
Central nervous system lesions
squash smear
imprint smear
Intraoperative diagnosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1697
1702
25768
Multivariate Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Gastric Cancer Patients Using Additive Hazards Regression Models
Background & Objectives: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide and is the most common type of cancer in Iran. The objective of this paper is to apply the additive hazards models to the study of survival of patients with gastric cancer and to compare results obtained by the additive hazards models and the Cox model. Methods: We retrospectively studied 213 patients with gastric cancer who were registered in one referral cancer registry center in Tehran, Iran. Age at diagnosis, sex, presence of metastasis, tumor size, histology type, lymph node metastasis, and pathologic stages were entered into analysis using the Cox model and additive hazard models. To visualize a covariate effect over time, the estimated cumulative regression function by the Aalen’s model is examined. Results: The five-year survival rate and the median life expectancy in the studied patients were 14.6% and 29.6 months, respectively. Multivariate Cox and Additive hazards models analysis identified that age at diagnosis, tumor size and pathologic stage were independent prognostic factors for the survival of patients with gastric cancer (P<0.05). Moreover, pathologic stage has a late or delayed effect according to the Aalen’s plot. Other clinicopathological characteristics were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Since Cox and additive models give different aspects of the association between risk factors and the study outcome, it seems desirable to use together to give a more comprehensive understanding of data. Our results also suggest that early detection of patients in younger age and in primary stages is important to increase survival of patients with gastric cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25768_7d9061b3a8ff6dde5267397293fca9a3.pdf
additive hazards models
Gastric cancer
Cox model
Prognostic factor
survival
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1703
1706
25769
HER-2/neu Amplification Determined by Real-Time Quantitative PCR and Its Association with Clinical Outcome of Breast Cancer in Thailand
HER-2/neu has been found to be amplified or overexpressed in about 20-30% of breast cancers, in associationwith negative prognosticators and shortened survival. Determination of HER-2/neu status in breast-cancerpatients, to select for adjuvant treatment with trastuzumab, is becoming standard breast-cancer clinical practice.This study aimed to investigate HER-2/neu status in breast-cancer by real-time quantitative polymerase chainreaction (PCR), allowing accurate and precise quantification of HER-2/neu amplification in tumor tissues. Weevaluated 112 breast-cancer samples, of which 42 (37.5%) had HER-2/neu amplification. After a mean follow-upperiod of 71 months, HER-2/neu amplification was found to be significantly associated with increased risk ofdeath (HR = 6.367, 95% CI = 1.787-22.684), even after adjusting for age, clinical stage, tumor size, lymph-nodestatus, and histologic grade. These findings support a negative prognostic role for HER-2/neu in breast-cancersurvival. We suggest that real-time quantitative PCR analysis of HER-2/neu amplification represents an alternativetechnique for establishing HER-2/neu status in routine clinical practice.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25769_494832dd49dccd3b6ca2b9c07275cf73.pdf
HER-2/neu gene
real-time quantitative PCR
breast cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1707
1712
25770
Awareness of Cervix Cancer Risk Factors in Educated Youth: A Cross-Sectional, Questionnaire Based Survey in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka
Objective: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of cervix cancer risk factors amongEducated Youth with respect to socio demographic factors. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional questionnairesurvey was carried out among 1268 female undergraduate students in Delhi , Mangalore (India), Pokhara (Nepal)and Kandy (Srilanka) between 25 April 2010 and 20 August 2010 using structured questionnaire containingdetails of awareness of cervix cancer risk factors and socio demographic details. Descriptive statistics and testingof hypothesis were used for the analysis. Data analyzed using EPI INFO and SPSS 16 software. Results: In the1,268 subjects, the mean age of Indian (528, 41.6%), Nepalese (480, 37.9%) and Srilankan (260, 20.5%) were18.3 ± SD 0.7, 18.6 ± SD 0.8 and 18.0 ± SD 1.5 years, respectively. Distribution of students according to religionvaried across the countries. Majority of the students were Hindus in India (61.4%) and Nepal (89.6%) whilein Srilanka the majority (53.8%) were Buddhist. Relationships could be established between nationality andrisk factors viz. awareness regarding cervix cancer (p= 0.024), sexual activity at an early age (before 16) cancause cervix cancer (p=0.0001), multiple sex partners can cause cervix cancer (p=0.001), condom/other birthcontrol measures cant prevent HPV infection (p=0.0001), smoking as a risk factor(p=0.0001), hereditary riskfactor (p=0.015), and first degree relative (p=0.0001). Conclusion: These results indicate that there is an urgentneed for a reinvigorated and tailored approach to cervix cancer prevention among the educated youth in India,Nepal and Srilanka. Prevention efforts should be focused on improving social awareness, enforcing educationstrategies to reduce risk factors and improving the strength and quality of counselling.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25770_5f1d9c93d495af5237a8c9ac5eeb07d6.pdf
cervical cancer
awareness
educated youth
India
Nepal
Sri Lanka
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1713
1716
25771
Chemotherapeutic Effects of Different Paclitaxel plus Poldine Combination Methods for Treatment of Ovarian Carcinoma
The study aimed to evaluate the curative effects and toxicity of different paclitaxel (PTX) plus poldinechemotherapeutic combination methods for treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma. A total of 27 patients withovarian epithelial carcinoma were divided into four groups: A1, taxotere plus poldine intravenous chemotherapy(n=5); A2, taxotere intravenous chemotherapy combined with poldine intraperitoneal chemotherapy (n=7); B1,paclitaxel plus poldine intravenous chemotherapy (n=6); B2, paclitaxel intravenous chemotherapy combinedwith poldine intraperitoneal chemotherapy (n=9). Toxic side effects were observed after chemotherapy, and theshort-term effects were assessed. Some 25 (25/27) cases completed a four-course treatment, the remaining twostopping halfway due to anaphylactic shock. The total effective rate for the A1 Group was 60% (3/5) and thatof A2 group was 71.4% (5/7), Figuires for the B1 and B2 groups were 50%(3/6) and 66.7% (6/9), respectively.In comparisons of toxic side reactions, there were significant differences between taxotere groups and paclitaxelgroups, and between intravenous chemotherapy alone groups and intravenous plus intraperitoneal combinationchemotherapy groups (p<0.05). Chemotherapy of toxol plus poldine was effective in treatment of advancedovarian cancer, the toxicities of intravenous plus intraperitoneal combination chemotherapy was lower thanthat of intravenous chemotherapy alone, and the heart toxicity with taxoere was lower than with paclitexal.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25771_d6c7fa731af6b2ab8d40681db4b995c4.pdf
ovarian carcinoma
taxoere
paclitexal
combined chemotherapy
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1717
1722
25772
Relationships between Serum Biomarker Levels and Clinical Presentation of Human Osteosarcomas
Background: Currently, serum biomarkers play an important role as sensitive tools for monitoring the cancer development and progression. Each biomarker represents a specific pathogenesis and has different predictive capability. In order to identify their characteristics in human osteosarcoma, multiple potential biomarkers were analyzed simultaneously with clinical presentations. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 28 osteosarcoma patients and 30 healthy matched controls. Specific clinical presentations were recorded, including: tumor volume, estimated based on three-dimensional MRI volumetric measurement; metastasis status; and histological cell types. Serum biomarkers analyzed by ELISA-based assays were bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate WF6 (WF6). Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was analyzed by a photometric-based system. Results: Serum BALP, LDH and WF6 levels of osteosarcoma patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls, whereas HA and VEGF levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Serum BALP and LDH were positively correlated with tumor volume, (correlation coefficients 0.5 and 0.4, respectively). Serum BALP from metastasis and osteoblastic subtype group had a significantly higher level than that found in non-metastasis and non-osteoblastic subtypes group, respectively. Upon multivariate analysis, tumor volume was the only factor which correlated with BALP levels. Conclusion: Of the biomarkers analyzed in this study, serum BALP was the most reliable and sensitive for estimating tumor volume. A high level of serum WF6 reflects alteration of the extracellular matrix component of tumors. Both serum biomarkers can be expected to be further explored for use in specific clinical monitoring.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25772_461666f2de3c33898d1920ad6a0bb46c.pdf
Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
osteosarcoma
tumor volume
VEGF
chondroitin sulfate
WF6
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1723
1726
25773
“See and Treat” Approach is Appropriate in Women with Highgrade Lesions on either Cervical Cytology or Colposcopy
This study was undertaken to evaluate the overtreatment rate of women with abnormal cervical cytologyundergoing colposcopy followed by loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), the so-called “see and treat”approach. Overtreatment was defined as LEEP specimens containing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1or less. In this study, medical records of 192 women with abnormal Pap smears undergoing the “see and treat”approach in Chiang Mai University Hospital between October 2008 and October 2010 were reviewed. Thepreceding Pap smears were as follows: 124 (64.6%) with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL); 35(18.2%) with atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H); 20(10.4%) with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL); 9 (4.7%) with squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA);and 4 (2.1%) with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US). Histologic results obtainedfrom loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) were as follows: CIN 2-3, 106 (55.2%); invasive cancer, 41(21.4%); CIN 1, 15 (7.8%); adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), 1 (0.5%); and no lesion, 29 (15.1%). Overall, 22.9%of LEEP specimens contained CIN 1 or less. Significant predictors for overtreatment were type of precedingsmears and colposcopic impression. If the “see and treat” approach was strictly carried out in women whohad either smears or colposcopic findings revealing high-grade disease, the overtreatment rate was only 7%.Hemorrhagic complication was 6.2% and all could be treated at an outpatient department. In conclusion, theovertreatment rate of the “see and treat” approach in women with various degree of abnormal Pap smears is23% which would be diminished to the acceptable rate of lower that 10% if strictly performed in those witheither smears or colposcopic impressions revealing high-grade abnormality. Peri-operative LEEP complicationswere mild and acceptable.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25773_e10de4e2025c405dd35eb08348e71dce.pdf
Cervical lesions
See and treat
single visit
overtreatment
Thailand
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1727
1730
25774
Risk of Malignancy Index in Preoperative Evaluation of Pelvic Masses
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of risk of malignancy index (RMI) based on a serumCA125 level, ultrasound findings and menopausal status in primary evaluation of patients with adnexal massesin daily clinical practice. Methods: One hundred and fifty one women with adnexal masses were enrolled.Ultrasound characteristics, menopausal status and serum CA125 level were documented preoperatively, andcombined into the RMI afterwards. The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values(NPV) of the RMI in prediction of ovarian cancer were calculated. Results: The RMI identified malignant casesmore accurately than any individual criterion in diagnosing ovarian cancer. Using a cut-off level of 238 to indicatemalignancy, the RMI showed a sensitivity of 89.5%, a specificity of 96.2%, a PPV of 77.3%, a NPV of 98.4%and an accuracy of 95.4%. Conclusion: RMI is a simple, easily applicable method in the primary evaluation ofpatients with adnexal masses of high risk of malignancy, resulting in timely referal to gynecological oncologycenters for suitable surgical operations.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25774_223c2bd127c88318e4abcc36c0e4504c.pdf
Ovarian Cancer
pelvic masses
preoperative evaluation
risk of malignancy index
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1731
1734
25775
P53 Overexpression Impacts on the Prognosis of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Objectives: To investigate the prognostic implications of p53 expression in the surgical margins of laryngealsquamous cell carcinomas. Methods: Thirty one patients with T3-4N0M0 cancers with pathologically negativemargins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect expression of p53. Results: The p53 positiverates by IHC in the surgical margin were 16.1% (5/31). In the p53 positive margin group, the recurrent ratewas higher than those without (80% vs 19.2%, P = 0.006). Also, the median free of disease period in the p53positive margin group was shorter than other group (22.2 vs 47.8 months, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: We foundthat the overexpression of p53 can serve a prognostic role for both recurrence and disease-specific mortality inhead and neck squamous cell carcinoma. p53 expression could stratify patients, in an easy and inexpensive way,according to their risk of local or regional recurrence.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25775_91314bf49030bd05b506109a4073b946.pdf
Laryngeal SCC
P53 gene expression
tumour margins
Recurrence
Prognosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1735
1738
25776
Cancer Incidence in Oman, 1998-2006
Background: This paper gives a profile of the cancer incidence in Oman for a nine-year period from 1998-2006. Methods: Data from the population-based national cancer registry were consolidated for the said nineyearperiod and analyzed. A breakdown of the incidence by year and gender have been given. Age-standardizedincidence of common cancers in Oman and their age-specific rates have been tabulated. Further, a graphicalcomparison between common cancers in Omani men and women have been made with those of other Gulfcountries and some developed countries. Results: There were a total of 8,005 (4,224 males and 3,781 females)cases reported and registered in the registry from January 1998 till December 2006 with a male female ratio of1.1:1. The crude incidence rate was 49.4 per 100,000 males and 45.7 per 100,000 females. The correspondingage-standardized rates were 91.4 and 80.4 per 100,000 in males and females respectively. Conclusions: Incidenceof cancer in Oman is lower than in some Gulf countries and many developed countries. Stomach cancer, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia are three commonest cancers in males and breast, thyroid and cervical cancersare the most common in females in the nine-year period
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25776_3b2547e664d9535d7896bfaed0a238da.pdf
Cancer Incidence
population-based data
Oman
1998-2006
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1739
1743
25777
Prognostic Factors in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated in Hospital Kuala Lumpur
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the third most common cancer among men in Peninsular Malaysia.However, no information is available about the prognostic factors. The objective of this study was to identifyfactors with an influence on outcome in patients treated in Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Methods: A total of 159patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated during 2002-2003 in Hospital Kuala Lumpurwere included in this study. All received radiotherapy. Fifty three patients were treated with radiotherapy alone,while 106 patients received combination chemotherapy. Overall survival and local recurrence-free survival wereanalyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and univariate analysis was performed using the log-rank test. Results:This study found out that 5-year overall survival and 5-year local recurrence-free survival rates were 58.6% and54.2% respectively. The stage specific 5-year overall survival rates were: Stage I, 100%; Stage II; 93.3%, StageIII, 62.7%; Stage IVA, 42.2%; and Stage IVB, 40.6%. On univariate analysis, gender (p<0.05), T-classification(p< 0.001), N-classification (p<0.05), stage (p<0.05) and cranial nerve involvement (p< 0.001) were found to besignificant prognostic factors for 5-year overall survival, while gender (p<0.05) and N-classification (p<0.05)were significant prognostic factors for 5-year local recurrence-free survival. Conclusion: The overall survivalrate of patients for this study was low. The patient factor that significantly affected 5-year overall survival wasgender, while disease factors were stage, T-classification, N-classification and cranial nerve involvement.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25777_d51cf596f7c8743ca452026f0eadd715.pdf
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Prognostic factors
Overall survival
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1745
1747
25778
Evaluation of Diagnostic Value of CT Scan, Physical Examination and Ultrasound Based on Pathological Findings In Patients with Pelvic Masses
Objective: Because benign and malignant cervical and ovarian masses occur with different percentagesin different age groups,the importance of primary diagnosis and selection of a suitable surgical procedure isunderlined. Diagnosis of pelvic masses is carried out using ultrasound,physical examination, CT scan and MRI.The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of CT scan in pelvic masses in comparison withphysical examination-ultrasound based on pathology of the lesion in patients undergoing laparotomic surgery.Methods:This analytic-descriptive study focused on age, sonographic findings, physical examinations,CTscan and pathological findings in 139 patients with pelvic mass, gathered with questionnaires and statisticallyanalayzed using the SPSS software programme. Results: Of 139 patients with pelvic mass(patients aged from 17to 75 years old), 62 (44%) cases were diagnosed as benign and 77(55.4%) as malignant; among them malignanttratoma serocyst adenocarsinoma with 33 (23.7%) cases and benign myoma with 21(15.2%) cases comprised themost frequent cases. The sensitivity and specificity of sonography-physical examination were 51.9% and 87.9%respectively and the sensitivity and specificity of CT scan images were 79.2% and 91.6% respectively.It wasshown that CT scan images were more consistant with pathological findings in predicting appropriate surgicalprocedures than do sonography-physical examinations. Conclusion:The sensitivity of CT scan is far higher thanthat of sonography-physical examination in the diagnosis of pelvic mass malignancy.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25778_e269f42b22d73634a2b8f123096a82c6.pdf
CT scan
physical examination
Sonography
Pathology
surgical procedures
pelvic masses
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1749
1752
25779
Lack of Influence of Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Deletions in Sporadic Breast Cancer in Pakistan
Glutathione S- transferases constitute the phase II detoxification enzymes involved in the metabolism anddetoxification of a wide range of potential environmental carcinogens. GSTM1 and GSTT1 are polymorphicand their deletions have been found to be associated with breast cancer risk in some of the world populations.The current study was aimed at evaluation of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions in 150 unrelated breast cancerpatients and 150 healthy controls from Pakistani population. Multiplex PCR assay along with CYP1A1 exon 7as an internal control was used. Our sampled patients and controls had a mean age of 48 (+11.8) and 45 (+7.9)years respectively. The analysis suggested that only 2% breast cancer patient and 8% controls had homozygousGSTM1 gene deletions (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.06- 0.85). A total of 8.7% patients and 18.6% controls had homozygousGSTT1 deletion (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.25- 0.83). The statistical analysis suggest that a non significant number(P>0.05) of individuals compared to controls have GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions. Deletion in both geneswas not observed in any of the patients or controls. The present case control study suggests no association ofGSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions with sporadic form of breast cancer in Pakistani population.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25779_8ef764c9721879e726b91212b6ffb6c2.pdf
breast cancer
GSTM1
GSTT1
deletions
Pakistan
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1753
1756
25780
Survival and Prognostic Factors Comparing Stage IB 1 versus Stage IB 2 Cervical Cancer Treated with Primary Radical Hysterectomy
This study was undertaken to compare the survival rates of stage IB 1 versus stage IB 2 cervical cancerpatients and to evaluate the prognostic factors after treatment primarily with radical hysterectomy and pelviclymphadenectomy (RHPL). Patients with stage IB cervical cancer undergoing primary RHPL at Chiang MaiUniversity Hospital between January 2002 and December 2009 were evaluated for survival and recurrence.Clinicopathological variables were analyzed to identify the prognostic factors affecting the survival of the patients.During the study period, RHPL was performed on 570 stage IB 1 and 110 stage IB 2 cervical cancer patients.With a median follow-up of 48 months, the 5-year disease-free survivals were 98.1% and 82.8% respectively (p< 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified four significant prognostic factors affecting survival including substaging,non-squamous cell carcinoma histology, lymph node metastasis and the presence of lymph-vascularspace invasion. In conclusion, with a primary radical hysterectomy, stage IB 1 cervical cancer patients have asignificantly better survival rate than those with stage IB 2. Significant prognostic factors for stage IB cervicalcancer include tumor histology, nodal status, and the presence of lymph-vascular space invasion.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25780_11edd1c3b9b78cc6e30a7f73b8d67ce5.pdf
Radical hysterectomy
cervical cancer
stage IB
survival
Prognostic factor
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1757
1760
25781
Reliability of Toluidine Blue Vital Staining in Detection of Potentially Malignant Oral Lesions - Time to Reconsider
Being simple and inexpensive toluidine blue has been in use for more than two decades for the detectionof potentially malignant oral lesions (PMOL’s) and malignant lesions. Although there has been concensusthat staining often assists in the identification of these lesions, results have been diverse. In most studies falsenegative were not recorded as biopsies of lesions that did not retain toluidine blue were not performed. Thusthe present study attempted to evaluate the efficacy of toluidine blue vital dye for detection of PMOL’s. Thestudy included 47 biopsies(TBP:35 and TBN:12), of which 23 cases were confirmed as dysplastic(TBP=17 andTBN=6), 7 as hyperkeratosis (TBP=4 and TBN=3), 8 as epithelial hyperplasia(TBP=6 and TBN=3) and 5 as otherbenign lesions(TBP=4 and TBN=1). The validity test revealed a senstivity of 73.9% and specificity of 30%. Thepositive predictive value was 54.8% and negative predictive value of 50%. The study intends to highlight thefalse negative result (26.1%) which was mainly attributed to mild dysplasia and the false positive (32.6%) whichincluded hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia, lichen planus and traumatic ulcer. The study concludes that toludine bluestaining should not blindly direct the clinician’s opinion, and strongly discourages the use of toluidine blue as ascreening test and the results should be interpreted with caution.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25781_61da97261ede1e4eb9b2fe089aebefda.pdf
PMOL’s
- toluidine blue vital staining - reliability
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1761
1763
25782
Financial Burden of Gynecologic-Cancer Survivors Associated with Attendance in a Surveillance Program at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Thailand
All gynecologic cancer survivors require a surveillance program for the detection of recurrence andcomplications after the complete treatment. However, this type of surveillance program might be leading to anunseen burden for the patients. To identify this burden, 200 gynecologic cancer survivors who resided outsideof Chiang Mai province were interviewed between November 2010 and February 2011. The mean age of thesurveyed patients was 52 years old and most of them were diagnosed with cervical cancer. The mean travellingtime was 3.6 hours with a range of one to nine hours and the mean waiting time at the hospital was 5.3 hours.Nearly one-third of the patients required overnight accommodation in Chiang Mai. The mean total cost was643 baht (60-3,000 baht) and the mean hospital cost was 172 baht. About 44% of the surveyed patients wantedfollow up at the local provincial hospital near their abode due to their own convenience. However, more thanhalf of the surveyed patients still wanted to follow up at the tertiary care hospital because of their trust in themedical team. In conclusion, the surveillance program revealed a burden to cancer survivors, especially for thepatients who lived a long distance away from the tertiary care hospital province.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25782_99ffb255826785a2789d372a3debe12e.pdf
Gynecologic-cancer survivors - surveillance program - burden - Chiang Mai
Thailand
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1765
1769
25783
Implications of PSA Kinetics for an Adverse Pathology after Radical Prostatectomy
Objective: To determine and compare the prognostic value of PSA density, PSA velocity and free/total PSAratio in predicting adverse pathological findings after radical prostatectomy. Materials: We analyzed the medicalrecords of 142 patients who underwent a radical prostatectomy from May 2009 until February of 2011. Afterexclusion of of them for defined criteria, preoperative PSA and its derivatives were analysed for their abilityto predict unfavorable pathology after radical prostatectomy. Results: From the 105 patients included in theanalysis, 23.8% had extraprostatic cancer extension, 8.6% had seminal vesicle involvement and positive surgicalmargins found in 38.1% of them. PSA density value >0.2ng/ml2 was the solitary and most significant predictorfor surgical margin status (p=0.015) and for extracapsular disease (p=0.050) as well, in multivariate analysis.Preoperative PSA was the only significant parameter for seminal vesicle invasion prediction (p=0.033). BothPSA velocity and ratio failed to reach predictive significance in all analyses. Conclusion: The present resultsdemonstrate a significance of PSA density in preoperative estimation of adverse pathological findings in patientswho undergo radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. A value of 0.2ng/ml2 seems to be areliable cutoff. PSA density is a bettgerer predictor than PSA velocity and the PSA ratio.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25783_89e41da3178f48d2f9feb7e16862c027.pdf
PSA density
PSA ratio
PSA velocity
Prostatectomy
adverse pathology
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1771
1776
25784
Frequent Germline Mutation in the BRCA2 Gene in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients from a Low-risk Chinese Population
Background: The incidence of esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is strikingly variable by geographicarea, which reflect different exposures to risk factors, including genetic predisposition. Previous studies ofESCC patients from several high-risk populations suggested that BRCA2 might play a role in the etiology.This study was conducted to screen for mutations of BRCA2 gene in ESCC cases from a low-risk population.Methods: Forty-seven ESCC patients from a low-risk area of Southeast China were screened for mutations inthe entire coding region of the BRCA2 gene by direct sequencing. Results: No somatic mutations were observedin tumors. In total, 9 germline missense point mutations, each in one patient, were identified in male sporadicpatients, with a mutation frequency of 19%. Of the 9 mutations, 7 were of heterozygous, while the remaining 2were homozygous. Screening of an additional 94 healthy controls for the 9 mutations identified in ESCC casesshowed that there was only 2 (2%) positive individuals, each carrying one of the mutations. Thus the mutationfrequency in ESCC cases (19%) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (OR = 10.9, 95% CI =2.2-52.8, P = 0.003). No significant associations were observed for germline BRCA2 mutations with age, sex,cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and family history of cancer. Conclusion: This series of cases from a low-riskChinese population presented the highest frequency of germline BRCA2 mutations in ESCC reported to date,highlighting possible etiology roles in this population.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25784_de9f679c4ebdc7b76a8d6935fcadc5c7.pdf
BRCA2 gene
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Germline mutation
low-risk population
China
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1777
1783
25785
Combined p16INK4a and Human Papillomavirus Testing Improves the Prediction of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN II-III) in Thai Patients with Low-Grade Cytological Abnormalities
Thailand is in the process of developing a national cervical screening program. This study examined p16INK4astaining and HPV prevalence in abnormal cervical samples with atypical squamous cells of undeterminedsignificance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), to evaluate the efficacy of combinedHPV and p16INK4a detection to predict CIN II-III. Totals of 125 ASCUS and 87 LSIL cases were re-evaluatedby Pap test and cervical cells of ASCUS and LSIL cases were prepared on slides for p16INK4a detection byimmunocytochemistry. HPV genotyping of DNA extracts was performed by GP5+/6+ PCR and reverse line blothybridization. Histopathologic tests were performed to identify cervical lesion. Total of 212 cases were diagnosedto normal (20), ASCUS (112), LSIL (78) and HSIL (2). HPV was detected in ASCUS (49/112, 43.8%), LSIL (60/78,76.9%) and HSIL (2/2, 100%) cases. The majority of HPV positive samples typed for high-risk HPV. 55.7%(107/192) of abnormal cases (ASCUS, LSIL and HSIL) were positive p16INK4a. For the 111 HPV DNA positivecases, 34 of 49 (69.4%) ASCUS cases and 49 of 60 (81.7%) LSIL cases were p16INK4a positive. 140 biopsieswere taken and histological classified: CIN negative (65 cases), CIN I (56 cases) and CIN II-III (19 cases). HPVDNA detection predicted CIN II-III with sensitivity and specificity of 84% and 49%, whereas p16INK4a stainingshowed higher sensitivity (89.5%) and specificity (56.2%). The prediction of CIN II-III was significantly betterby combination of positive HPV DNA and p16INK4a with 93.8% sensitivity and 59.2% specificity. Detectionof HPV DNA combined with p16INK4a in cervical cells can predict CIN II-III and may improve the screeningdiagnosis of Thai women at risk for CIN II-III or cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25785_a6b15f222d6c2599b59b1dbef4135fd4.pdf
p16INK4a detection
HPVdetection
CIN
LSIL
ASCUS
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1785
1788
25786
Deletion of Forkhead Box M1 Transcription Factor Reduces Malignancy in Laryngeal Squamous Carcinoma Cells
The transcription factor, Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1), has a specific expression pattern during the cell cycle. Italso plays an important role in cellular developmental pathways and in the maintenance of homeostasis betweencell proliferation and apoptosis. However, the precise role and molecular mechanisms associated with FoxM1 inlaryngeal squamous carcinoma remain unclear. Therefore, laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells were transfectedwith FoxM1-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) and compared with cells transfected with a control siRNA.Assays of these two treatment groups detected a decrease in cell viability associated with down-regulation ofFoxM1 expression, and resulted in an inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. These phenotypeswere also associated changes in expression of VEGF and MMP-2, a decrease in expression of cyclin B, and anincrease in expression of p27. These findings suggest that deregulation of FoxM1 protein signaling is sufficientto affect tumorigenesis and cancer progression. These results also indicate that inhibition of FoxM1 representsa n attractive target for cancer therapy.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25786_0aa842a0f2a49f4a9217884d3ff52471.pdf
SCC
Transcription factor
Malignancy
siRNA
Cancer therapy
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1789
1793
25787
The Myeloperoxidase–463 G>A Polymorphism Influences Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Southern China: a Case-control Study
Objective: Oxidative stress may be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is anendogenous oxidant enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). We hypothesized that the MPO-463 locus polymorphism might therefore contribute to genetic susceptibility to colorectal adenomas. Methods:RFLP-PCR analysis identified the MPO genotypes in 325 Chinese colorectal adenomas cases and 345 controlsmatched by age, sex, smoking status, and alcohol use. An epidemiological interview elicited detailed informationon demographic data and lifestyle characteristics. Results: Individuals with a GA/AA genotype had a significantlylower risk of colorectal cancer (adjusted OR = 0.57, 95% CI, 0.41-0.79) than those with the GG genotype. Onstratification analysis, the decreased risk was more pronounced among older subjects (adjusted OR = 0.56, 95%CI, 0.39-0.81), males (0.47, 0.33-0.68), smokers (0.54, 0.35-0.85), and ever-drinkers (0.44, 0.27-0.71). Conclusion:For a similar level of exposure to established carcinogens, individuals with MPO A-allele genotypes appear tohave a reduced risk of colorectal adenomas in southern Chinese population, especially among older subjects,men, smokers, and ever-drinkers.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25787_354278e90fd222d2bf9a55705309d7fb.pdf
Myeloperoxidase
Polymorphism
colorectal cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1795
1798
25788
Clinical Comparison on the Safety and Efficacy of Fluorouracil/Pirarubicin/Cyclophosphamide (FPC) with Fluorouracil/Epirubicin/Cyclophosphamide (FEC) as Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of a combination of 5-Fu, pirarubicin and CTX (FPC) withFEC as a postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Methods: A total of 655 breast cancer patientswere treated postoperatively in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Research Institute from 1995-2005, 292 were treatedwith FPC (5-Fu 500mg/m2 iv gtt on day 1, pirarubicin 40mg/m2 iv on day 1, CTX 500mg/m2 iv on day 1 and acycle repeated every 21-28 days for totally 4-6 cycles); 363 with FEC (5-Fu 500mg/m2 iv gtt on day 1, epirubicin50mg/m2 iv on day 1 and day 2, CTX 500mg/m2 iv on day 1 and a cycle repeated every 21-28 days for totally4-6 cycles). Toxicity was evaluated after each cycle of chemotherapy. Results: Main side effects in both FPC andFEC groups were leukopenia and gastrointestinal toxicity, with a 5 year survival rate 88.7% in FPC and 85.7%in FEC group. Conclusions: FPC regimen is safe with superior long-term survival rate when compared withFEC, thus could be recommended as a postoperative chemotherapy regimen for Chinese patients with breastcancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25788_1cdf3718022fc4682253df0eef80c8e0.pdf
Pirarubicin
epirubicin
breast cancer
Adjuvant chemotherapy
China
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1799
1801
25789
Five Year Survival of Women with Breast Cancer in Ardabil, North-West of Iran
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and the major cause of cancer deaths in women20- 59 years old. The present retrospective study was undertaken to examine survival in all newly diagnosedbreast cancer in Iran. One hundred and sixty-one breast cancer registered patients in 2003 were includedin the study and followed up for 5-years from cancer diagnosis. Data were analyzed using life tables andKaplan Meier for estimating relative survival rates and Cox’s proportional hazard model to investigate theinteraction between variables. The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 45.5 (SD=12.3), ranging from19 to 86 years. Of all patients 90 (56%) were alive and 71( 44%) were dead after five years. Using life tableanalysis, the overall relative 5-year survival rate was found to be 51% (SE=0.05). Using Cox regressionmodel analysis variables such as age, surgery, location and drug therapy significantly influenced survival.According to the results, the overall 5-year survival rate in Ardebil province was lower than other placesof Iran and most countries in the world and needs to be improved. Also, results showed that breast cancerscreening programs, awareness regarding early detection of breast cancer and education of health careproviders are necessary.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25789_e2f4021ad829e08c76935e74c89bbb4a.pdf
breast cancer
survival
Kaplan Meier
Cox regression model
Life table
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1803
1806
25790
Relationship Between Cytokine Levels and Clinical Classification of Gastric Cancer
Complex symptoms often make it difficult to choose optimized strategies suitable for gastric patients.Therefore, molecular markers are needed to assist doctor’s diagnoses. In this study, to determine if themRNA levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients withgastric cancer were correlated with their various stages, gastric patients, patients with benign gastricdisease, and heathy people were recruited for detection of cytokine mRNA levels. Only the relative levelsin comparison with levels of each patient’s own β-actin were subjected to further statistical analyses. Wefound that there were significantly more positive detection of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 mRNA expression in stageIII and IV than those in patients with gastic cancer in stage I and II. It was also found that IL-4, IL-6, IL-10mRNA expression in patients with low-level differentiations possessed significantly higher positive detectionratios than patients with moderate or high-level differentiation. These results suggest that positive detectionof IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA may be useful as a molecular marker approach for distinguishing the stageII and III of gastric cancer, as well as low-level and moderate cancer differentiation.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25790_ea59203caacf3b6e1303f756ff7da04a.pdf
cytokine levels
clinical classification
Gastric cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1807
1811
25791
Reduced Tumor Lysis Syndrome with Low Dose Chemotherapy for Hyperleukocytic Acute Leukemia prior to Induction Therapy
Patients with hyperleukocytic acute leukemia (HAL) can succumb to leukostasis. In an attempt to reduce itsincidence, 45 patients with newly diagnosed HAL and hyperleukocytosis were administered half the conventionaldose of etoposide and cytosine arabinoside (EA: 50mg/m2 daily each) until WBC counts were significantly reducedand standard induction therapy was initiated. We retrospectively reviewed their outcomes and analyzed potentialfactors with a logistic regression model. The incidence of early mortality (<30days) was 4.4% (2/45). Patientswho achieved complete remission with induction chemotherapy had significantly lower median WBC counts(26x109 L-1) after low dose EA treatment than the no response patients (median WBC: 65x109 L-1 (P<0.05).Low dose EA treatment of HAL patients reduced WBC for both lymphoid and myeloid leukemic cells and canbe considered for preemptive administration to HAL patients prior to the differential diagnosis of the acuteleukemia. This approach warrants further studies as a cytoreduction therapy for HAL.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25791_e3b6a813c19a24ecdcab44bfbea2f7ff.pdf
Hyperleukocytic acute leukemia - etoposide/cytrarabine
Adjuvant chemotherapy
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1813
1815
25792
Cigarette Dependence among Males and Females Aged 50+ Living in İzmir, Turkey
Background: Smoking, the most important preventable cause of death overall, is also the leading cause ofcancer-related mortality. Tobacco consumption has a direct or indirect relationship with most types of cancer. InTurkey, the second leading cause of death is cancer, with lung cancer the most prevalent. Objective: The aim ofthis study was to determine the level of cigarette dependence among men and women aged 50+, living in İzmir.Methods: This research is a descriptive and cross-sectional field study, carried out with the participation of atotal of 2,497 subjects. Results: It was found that 48.8% of the participants used to be smokers, and 95.5% ofthe smoking participants had been smoking for at least 11 years at the time of study. 36.1% of the participantswere being exposed to secondhand smoke at home, and almost one third of the smokers (29%) had a moderatelevel of dependence. Conclusions: Continuing education may help high-risk groups develop good habits fora healthier lifestyle such as smoking less and quitting smoking, thereby reducing the level of morbidity andmortality of most common types of cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25792_7a686ce7fefe6921f2b6074469962970.pdf
Cigarette dependence - prevalence - gender - 50+ - Izmir
Turkey
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1817
1820
25793
The Nodal Standard Uptake Value (SUV) as a Prognostic Factor in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
Background/Aims: The aim of present study is to evaluate the predictive and prognostic role of high [18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) uptake of primary tumor and nodal metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of head andneck (HNSCC). Methodology and Patients: Between February 2006 and July 2010, we retrospectively evaluated64 patients with primary HNSCC in an institutional imaging trial. All patients who underwent evaluationpretreatment FDG-positron emission tomography/ computarized tomography (FDG-PET/CT) imaging and 33(51%) had pre- and after treatment FDG-PET/CT imaging. All treatments were performed with curative intent.Abnormal FDG uptakes were analyzed using maximum standardized uptake values (SUVm). The disease-freesurvival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated with several prognostic factors such as pre-treatmentSUVm and %change in SUVm. Results: Tumor sites are nasopharynx (n= 29, 45.3%), larynx (n= 16, 25%),oropharynx (n= 13, 20.4%) and hypopharynx (n= 6, 9.4%). Median age was 58 (range: 16-87) and most patients(84.4%) had stage III/IV lesions. Objective response rate was 78.2 %. The median primary tumor SUVm was 13.4(range, 4.8–33.1), median nodal SUVm was 4.45 (range, 0–25.6) and median % change in SUVm was 74.1(range,-61-100). On multivariate analysis, nodal SUVm and surgery remained significant predictors of DFS. There wasno statistical significance found between survival and other factors. Conclusions: We have found that whilenodal SUVm is prognostic for DFS, primary tumor SUVm and % change in SUVm are not.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25793_d58fa7329b7ec75967ba4d4d3516b735.pdf
Head and neck SCC
[18F]fluoro-D-glucose POT/ CT
standardized uptake value
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1821
1826
25794
Esophageal Cancer Mortality Trends during the Last 30 Years in High Risk Areas in China: Comparison Results from National Death Surveys Conducted in the 1970’s, 1990’s and 2004-2005
Background and Aims. China was one of the countries with the highest esophagus cancer (EC) mortalityin the world during the 1970’s. This report provides data on time trends of esophagus cancer mortality duringthe 1970’s-21st century in high risk areas, considering the remarkable geographic variation of EC mortalityin China. The aim was to explore changing trends of EC mortality during past 30 years, and provide basicinformation on prevention and control of EC in high risk areas in China. Methods: Among the high risk areas ofEC defined in the 1970’s, ten that have joined in all the three death causes sampling surveys were selected in thisstudy. Subjects included all cases dying from esophageal cancer in these sites during 1973-1975, 1990-1992, and2004-2005. The EC mortality data and relevant demographic data of ten areas covered by all the three surveyswere extracted from the national death causes survey database. Results: Compared with the EC mortality ofthe ten high risk areas in the 1970’s, the crude mortality rates (CMR) in the 1990’s reduced by 0.04%~47.3%,and the CMRs in the early 21st century decreased by 9.25%~62.0% from the 1990’s; the age specific mortalityrate adjusted by China standard population (ASMRc) in the 1990’s reduced by 8.22%~53.5%, and the ASWRcin the early 21st century decreased by 25.0%~78.0% from the 1990’s; the age-specific mortality rates adjustedby world standard population (ASMRw) in the 1990’s reduced by 7.54%~51.9%, and the ASMRw in the early21st century decreased by 24.5%~79.2% from the 1990’s; the proportional mortality ratios (PMR) in the 1990’sreduced by 12.3%~41.3%, and the PMRs in the early 21st century decreased by 6.76%~52.6% from the 1990’s.Conclusion: Our study indicated that the mortality of esophageal cancer in high risk areas of China had declinedafter three decades, but still remained high compared with the national level. Esophageal cancer is still a majorcancer burden in high risk areas. It is necessary to further promote the prevention and control program ofesophageal cancer in these areas of China.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25794_c1dcb7d8ba1ab8df33b9e84c2f19b2bd.pdf
Esophageal Cancer
mortality trends
30 years
High risk area
China
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1827
1831
25795
FLT3 and NPM1 Gene Mutations in Childhood Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia
Mutations of receptor tyrosine kinases are implicated in the constitutive activation and development of humanhematologic malignancies. Mutations in fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene including internal tandemduplication (ITD) and point mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) as well as in nucleoplasmin (NPM1)gene are associated with pathogenesis of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Several reports have demonstratedhigh incidences of the FLT3 and NPM1 mutations in adult AML patients. Since the pathogenesis of pediatric AMLis different from that of adult and the FLT3 and NPM1 mutations have not been well characterized in childhoodAML. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the frequencies of FLT3 and NPM1 mutations in64 newly diagnosed childhood AML patients. All blood and bone marrow samples were previously diagnosedwith AML by using flow cytometry and/or cytochemistry. FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD were detected by PCRand PCR-RFLP methods, respectively. The NPM1 mutation was analyzed by PCR and direct DNA sequencing.The FLT3 mutations were detected in 7 of 64 (11.1%), including FLT3-ITD in 4 of 64 (6.3%) and FLT-TKD in3 of 62 (4.8%). The NPM1 mutation was not detected in this cohort. By multivariate analysis, white blood cellcounts, peripheral blood and bone marrow blast cell counts at diagnosis were significantly higher in childrenwith FLT3-ITD (P<0.05). In addition, the median percentage of CD117 was significantly higher in leukemic blastcells with FLT3-ITD than those with wild type (P=0.01). We did not find any FLT3 mutations in children agedless than 5 years. The AML M3 cell type was most frequently associated with FLT3 gene mutations (50%). Inconclusion, the FLT3 mutations was found in 11.1% but none of NPM1 mutation was detected in Thai childrenwith AML. These data support the hypothesis of different biology and pathogenesis between adult and childhoodAML.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25795_6aca4e676f1fed4853454a2cad4d93c0.pdf
Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia
childhood
mutations
FLT3
NPM1
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1833
1835
25796
MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms in Bladder Cancer in the Turkish Population
Bladder cancer is the 9th most common cancer and is responsible for malignancy related death all on the world.Folate and folate related enzyme polymorphisms related to the cancer risk. The methylene tethrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR) enzyme is folate related and association of bladder cancer and MTHFR gene. Our purposewas to assess the prevalence of MTHFR gene 677 CT and 1298 AC polymorphisms and Bladder cancer in Turkey.We intended that bladder cancer patients and controls and we used the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) methods. The MTHFR gene C677T and A1298Cpolymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in our population (For the MTHFRgene C677T polymorphism and A1298C polymorphism; p=0.036<0.05; p=0.278>0.05 respectively). Consequently,the MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism augments the risk of bladder cancer in Turkey.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25796_9b32ee976506e2474a375b62799bec37.pdf
bladder cancer
MTHFR gene
Polymorphism
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1837
1841
25797
Knowledge of Cervical Cancer and Acceptance of HPV Vaccination among Secondary School Students in Sarawak, Malaysia
Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women in peninsular Malaysia and very prevalentworldwide. HPV vaccination and routine Pap smear testing are the best preventive measures. The objectiveof this study was to determine the knowledge level of secondary school students from Sarawak, East Malaysiaregarding cervical cancer and its prevention. Multistage random sampling with various methods in each step wasemployed to select the sample of 76 students. Results showed that 61.8 % had poor knowledge level of cervicalcancer and its prevention. There were 60.5 % of students who were aware of cervical cancer with Chinese andform four students showing significantly the highest awareness (p< 0.05). The main source of cervical cancerinformation was from their parents (25.9 %). HPV vaccination acceptance among students was 22.3 % and anassociation was found between knowledge of cervical cancer with race and HPV vaccination acceptance (p<0.05). In conclusion, the students had poor knowledge level of cervical cancer, its prevention and HPV vaccinationacceptance. More efforts should be made to improve cervical cancer knowledge and awareness of the publicespecially secondary school students in Sarawak. This in turn will enhance the practice of prevention againstcervical cancer among students.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25797_c5b796c9e267020d91015b509d4845e3.pdf
cervical cancer
secondary students
Knowledge
HPV vaccination
acceptance
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1843
1848
25798
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Prostate Specific Antigen and Serum Interleukin 18 and 10 in Patients with Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Study
Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers afflicting men today. Prostate biopsy, aninvasive procedure is generally used for diagnoses but attempts are being made to find accurate and precise noninvasivebiomarkers. Diagnostic accuracy of prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been well documented. Seruminterleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) have shown their diagnostic ability in other cancers but notinvestigated well in prostate cancer. This study, thus determines the diagnostic and prognostic significance ofPSA, IL-18 and IL-10 prospectively in patients with carcinoma prostate. Methods: A total of 149 patients, aged40-84 yrs were investigated during April 2007 to July 2010 and recruited for this study after Institutional ethicalapproval. Of the total of 149 patients, 71 had biopsy proven prostate cancers (TNM stage: T2=17, T3=26 andT4=28) and 78 clinical benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Peripheral blood samples of all patients and 71 agematched control subjects were obtained at baseline and estimation of PSA, IL-18 and IL-10 was done by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Carcinoma prostate patients were followed for three years. Data wereanalyzed with ANOVA, ROC curve analysis and survival analysis. Results: The baseline levels of PSA, IL-18and IL-10 in all groups of carcinoma prostate were found to be significantly (p<0.01) higher than both Controland BPH. The levels of IL-18 and IL-10 also found to be elevated significantly in stage T3 (p<0.05) and T4(p<0.01) as compared to stage T2. The levels especially of IL-18 is found to be well associated with progressionof the disease of various groups (r=0.84, p<0.01). In contrast, IL-10 showed significant direct association withprogression of carcinoma (r=0.84, p<0.01) while inverse relation with survival duration (r=-0.48, p<0.01) andsurvival rate (χ2=8.98, p=0.0027; Hazard ratio=0.37, 95% CI=0.18-0.69). Conclusions: Study concluded thatserum IL-18 has potential to be a better diagnostic marker with higher specificity and sensitivity and IL-10 maybe valuable as a prognostic marker than PSA in carcinoma prostate.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25798_de52b91334b4e711622fa5e6a51f6ad4.pdf
PSA
IL-18
IL-10
prostate cancer BPH
ROC curves
Sensitivity
Specificity
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1849
1854
25799
Inhibiting and Facilitating Factors Concerning Breast Cancer Early Diagnosis Behavior in Turkish Women: A Qualitative Study According to the Health Belief and Health Development Models
Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the perceived inhibiting and facilitating factors concerningbreast cancer early diagnosis behavior in women over age 40. Method: A qualitative focus group interview methodwas applied with 43 participating women, in the period between March-April 2010, using a semi-structuredinterview questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model and the Health Development Model. Content analysiswas used to analyse study data. Results: Inhibiting factors such as women’s lack of knowledge regarding breastcancer and early detection behaviors, lack of health insurance and transportation facilities, financial difficulties,difficulty to make an appointment, scarcity of female doctors, feeling of embarrassment, lack of awarenessnegligence,forgetting, feeling of fear, and a fatalistic approach were frequently discussed. Among facilitatingfactors, informed level, concerned and tolerant health care personnel, free health services, free transportation tohospital, improved appointment system, telephone reminders were included. Conclusion and Recommendations:Focus group interviews were found to be effective in determining inhibiting and facilitating factors concerningbreast cancer early diagnosis behavior. National and regional training programs configured in accordance withthe data obtained in the study may be effective in the implementation and maintenance of early diagnosis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25799_e4c8a122424f8663b803d210b99cdfb5.pdf
Barriers
Facilitators
Health Belief Model
health development model-nursing
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1855
1860
25800
Knowledge, Attitude and Beliefs Women Attending Mammography Units have Regarding Breast Cancer and Early Diagnosis
Objective: Breast cancer is an extremely important issue that threats women’s health; it is the most commonillness that leads to death in women, worldwide. The purpose of this descriptive-comparative study was todetermine the knowledge, attitude, and beliefs women attending mammography units have regarding breastcancer and early diagnosis. Methods: The study population comprised 333 women visiting second and third stagemammography units for a mammography, and 1018 women visiting first stage mammography units at CancerSurveying and Training Centres. Questionnaires determining the descriptive characteristics of women, and theirattitudes towards breast cancer and early diagnosis, a knowledge evaluation form, and the Turkish version ofthe Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale was used to gather data. Results: The rate of obtaining informationabout early diagnosis in breast cancer (88.6%), information about breast self-examination (87.6%), conductingbreast self-examination (61.8%), and undergoing a clinical breast examination (99.6%) were higher in the groupof women attending first stage mammography units in comparison to women attending other mammographyunits. The knowledge score (71.8+18.8) of women attending first stage mammography units regarding breastcancer and early diagnosis was also higher in comparison to women attending other mammography units (p=.00).Sub-scales of the breast cancer health belief model scale were high for women attending Cancer Surveying andTraining Centres, while their perception of self breast examination limitations and mammography limitationswere low. Conclusion: Based on the effect of peer education, this study proves that women attending first stagemammography unit have a higher level of knowledge about breast cancer and early diagnosis, and more positivehealth beliefs regarding breast cancer and screenings in comparison to women attending other mammographyunits.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25800_0ccf3b3614b9734098aec40012377ea1.pdf
breast cancer
screening practices
mammography units
Health Belief Model
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1861
1866
25801
Systematic Review on the Relationship between Genetic Polymorphisms of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Background: Both genetic and environmental factors play roles in pathogenesis of esophageal squamouscell carcinoma (ESCC) and susceptibility may be modified by functional polymorphisms in folate metabolicgenes, such as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). We here aimed to evaluate associations ofMTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms with ESCC. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE andthe Chinese Biomedical Database and 2 evaluators independently reviewed all the articles identified accordingto predetermined criteria. Results: A total of 15 case-control studies published between 2001 and 2010 wereincluded. When all the studies were pooled, the crude odds ratio (95% CI) of ESCC for individuals carryingMTHFR 677 CT and TT genotypes, as compared to CC, were 1.39 (1.11-1.75) and 1.79 (1.31-2.43), respectively.Individuals with MTHFR 1298CC showed non-significantly increased risk of ESCC, with an OR (95%CI) of3.31(0.90-12.17). In smokers, a significantly increased risk of ESCC was observed for those with the MTHFR677T allele (OR (95% CI)=2.2 (1.31-2.41)). Chinese carrying MTHFR 677T and MTHFR 1298C alleles had agreater increase in ESCC risk than other ethnicities. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis provided evidencethat MTHFR 677CT/TT plays a carcinogenic role in ESCC, and its effect is modified by tobacco and ethnicity.The small number of subjects with the MTHFR 1299C allele genotype in published studies limits conclusionsregarding this polymorphism.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25801_e46b006c4dc670742e7de1639c8924dd.pdf
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
polymorphisms
Esophageal Cancer
Meta-analysis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1867
1872
25802
Epidemiological Distribution and Incidence of Different Cancers in Kashmir Valley-2002-2006
There are no population-based data available on cancer pattern in Kashmir and our study is the firstkind which represents the trend in cancer pattern in the valley. The source of our data were cancer patientsregistered in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar,and Department of Radiation Oncology, SMHS, Srinagar during the period Jan 2002 to Dec 2006 . These areleading medical centres in the valley and draw most all of cancer patients from all over Kashmir for treatment.During the period a total of 6,943 cases were registered of which 4,345 were males and 2,598 were females. Theage standardized incidence rates were 34.9 per 100,000 for males and 24.8 per 100,000 for females. Oesophaguswas the leading site of cancer in both sexes (male ASR 11.2; female ASR 8.3) followed by lung (ASR 6.5), brain(ASR 2.2) and head and neck (ASR 2.2) in males and breast (ASR 5.2), skin (ASR 1.6) and rectum (ASR 0.95)in females. The incidence of cervical cancer in females and prostate cancer in males was lower in Kashmir ascompared to other Indian registries. Overall cancer incidence was significantly lower and cancer patterns weremarkedly different in Kashmir. The observed cancer pattern indicates that awareness campaigns, life style anddietary habit changes, tobacco-control measures and early detection of breast cancer are very important forcancer control in this population.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25802_c099e52180b3d378b7f8345400eeac62.pdf
Cancer incidence data
Kashmir
India
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1873
1875
25803
Spectrum of Cytological Findings in Patients with Neck Lymphadenopathy - Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
Introduction: Lymph adenopathy is of great clinical significance as underlying diseases may range froma treatable infectious etiology to malignant neoplasms. In fact it is also essential to establish that the swellingin question is a lymph node. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays a vital role in solving these issues,nowadays being recognized as a rapid diagnostic technique because of its simplicity, cost effectiveness, earlyavailability of results, accuracy and minimal invasion. FNAC is particularly helpful in the work-up of cervicalmasses and nodules because biopsy of cervical adenopathy should be avoided unless all other diagnostic modalitieshave failed to establish a diagnosis. Objective: To determine the epidemiological and cytomorphological patternsof enlarged neck nodes. Study Design: This retrospective observational study was performed at the Section ofHistopathology, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: ThreeHundred and seventy seven (377) neck swelling specimens obtained over a period of two and a half yearsregistered from different regions of Pakistan were selected. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17. Results: Of atotal of 377 cases of FNAC performed on neck nodes, the most frequent cause of lymphadenopathy was foundto be tuberculosis with 199 cases (52.7%), followed by reactive lymphoid hyperplasia with 61 cases (16.1%).Metastatic carcinoma was found to be the third most common cause with 33 cases (8.7%). A diagnosis oflymphoproliferative disorder was rendered in 21 cases (5.5%). Acute and chronic non-specific inflammation wasseen in 16 cases (4.2%). In 47 cases (12%) FNAC was inconclusive. Conclusion: In our study, the predominantcause of enlarged neck nodes was tuberculous lymphadenitis, followed by reactive lymphadenitis and malignantneoplasm, especially metastatic carcinoma and lymphoma. FNAC was helpful in establishing the diagnosis inapproximately 98% of the cases.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25803_f6ba17a576bd2ac4e9483be6a9f95308.pdf
Cytology
FNAC
neck lymphadenopathy
Tuberculosis
malignant neoplasms
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2011-07-01
12
7
1877
1880
25804
Chios Mastic Gum Extracts as a Potent Antitumor Agent that Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis of Oral Cancer Cells
Purpose: The purpose was to investigate Chios mastic gum (CMG) extract as an potential anti-tumor agentfor oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Methods: We designed a study to examine the effects of CMG extractson growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line, YD-10B and to determine whether the extracts could induceapoptosis through the activation of caspase-3, using the common chemotherapeutic agent Paclitaxel (Taxol,Bristol-Myers Squibb) as a control. Results: MTT assay suggested that both CMG and Taxol inhibited theproliferation of YD-10B cells in a time and dose dependent manner. Moreover, 10μg/mL of CMG and 50μg/mLof Taxol caused fragmentation of the genomic DNA at 24 hour. Finally, 10μg/mL of CMG and 50μg/mL of Taxolcaused cleavage of procaspase-3 in western blot analysis. Conclusions: These results suggest CMG’s potentialas an anti-tumor agent.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25804_2eaae78cde8d71d07d7ce1710d3c10bb.pdf
Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
Chios mastic gum
YD-10B cells