eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
1
4
27272
Influence of Isoflavone Intake and Equol-producing Intestinal Flora on Prostate Cancer Risk
Background: The age-adjusted incidence rate of prostate cancer (PCa) has been reported to be lower amongAsians than Western populations. A traditional Japanese meal, high in soybean products or isoflavones, maybe associated with a decreased risk of PCa. Equol, which is converted from daidzein by human intestinal flora,is biologically more active than any other isoflavone aglycone. Materials and Methods: We reviewed not onlyrecent epidemiological studies on association of isoflavones with PCa risk, but also recent research on humanintestinal bacteria responsible for converting daidzein into equol. Studies were systematically searched from thedatabase published within the last 5 years of from 2008-2012. Results: Five out of 6 articles showed significantassociation of isoflavones with a decreased risk of PCa, and two of them consistently showed that equol-producerscarry a significantly reduced risk of PCa. Furthermore, 5 human intestinal bacteria that can convert daidzeininto equol were identified in the last 5 years. Conclusions: If equol can reduce risk of PCa, a possible strategyfor reducing the risk of PCa may be to increase the proportion of equol-producers by changing the intestinalflora to carrying an equol-producing bacterium with dietary alteration or probiotic technology.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27272_2584cfbca657e808de27cf43d3f62a6a.pdf
Prostate Cancer
isoflavones
equol
soybean products
intestinal flora
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
5
9
27273
Lentivirus-mediated Silencing of Rhomboid Domain Containing 1 Suppresses Tumor Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Hepatoma HepG2 Cells
Rhomboids were identified as the first intramembrane serine proteases about 10 years ago. Since then, thestudy of the rhomboid protease family has blossomed. Rhomboid domain containing 1 (RHBDD1), highlyexpressedin human testis, contains a rhomboid domain with unknown function. In the present study, we testedthe hypothesis that RHBDD1 was associated with proliferation and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma usingrecombinant lentivirus-mediated silencing of RHBDD1 in HepG2 cells. Our results showed that down-regulationof RHBDD1 mRNA levels markedly suppressed proliferation and colony formation capacity of HepG2 humanhepatoma cancer cells in vitro, and induced cell cycle arrest. We also found that RHBDD1 silencing could obviouslytrigger HepG2 cell apoptosis. In summary, it was demonstrated that RHBDD1 might be a positive regulator forproliferative and apoptotic characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27273_e52d1315e10d1f48740c42860132a75c.pdf
RHBDD1
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Lentivirus
siRNA
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
11
13
27274
Area-to-Area Poisson Kriging Analysis of Mapping of County-Level Esophageal Cancer Incidence Rates in Iran
Background: Esophagus cancer, the third most common gastrointestinal cancer overall, demonstrates highincidence in parts of Iran. The counties of Iran vary in size, shape and population size. The aim of this studywas to account for spatial support with Area-to-Area (ATA) Poisson Kriging to increase precision of parameterestimates and yield correct variance and create maps of disease rates. Materials and Methods: This studyinvolved application/ecology methodology, illustrated using esophagus cancer data recorded by the Ministryof Health and Medical Education (in the Non-infectious Diseases Management Center) of Iran. The analysisfocused on the 336 counties over the years 2003-2007. ATA was used for estimating the parameters of the mapwith SpaceStat and ArcGIS9.3 software for analysing the data and drawing maps. Results: Northern counties ofIran have high risk estimation. The ATA Poisson Kriging approach yielded variance increase in large sparselypopulated counties. So, central counties had the most prediction variance. Conclusions: The ATAPoisson krigingapproach is recommended for estimating parameters of disease mapping since this method accounts for spatialsupport and patterns in irregular spatial areas. The results demonstrate that the counties in provinces Ardebil,Mazandaran and Kordestan have higher risk than other counties.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27274_d0147ef0cca923ce7aafd2d11685ed39.pdf
Disease mapping
area-to-area Poisson Kriging
esophagus cancer
Iran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
15
20
27275
c-KIT Positive Schistosomal Urinary Bladder Carcinomas are Frequent but Lack KIT Gene Mutations
Urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), one of the most common neoplasms in Egypt, is attributedto chronic urinary infection with Schistosoma haematobium (Schistosomiasis). The proto-oncogene c-KIT,encoding a tyrosine kinase receptor and implicated in the development of a number of human malignancies, hasnot been studied so far in schistosomal urinary bladder SCCs. We therefore determined immunohistochemical(IHC) expression of c-KIT in paraffin sections from 120 radical cystectomies of SCCs originally obtained fromthe Pathology Department of Suez Canal University (Ismailia, Egypt). Each slide was evaluated for stainingintensity where the staining extent of >10% of cells was considered positive. c-KIT overexpression was detectedin 78.3% (94/120) of the patients, the staining extents in the tumor cells were 11-50% and >50% in 40 (42.6%)and 54 (57.4%) respectively. The positive cases had 14.9%, 63.8%, 21.3% as weak, moderate and strong intensityrespectively. Patients with positive bilharzial ova had significantly higher c-KIT expression than patients without(95.2% vs. 38.9%, P=0.000). Mutation analysis of exons 9-13 was negative in thirty KIT positive cases. The highrate of positivity in SBSCC was one of the striking findings; However, CD117 may be a potential target for sitespecific immunotherapy to improve the outcome of this tumor.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27275_72415c6c5a6bb7129fe9ccd990355c44.pdf
c-KIT
immunostaining
gene mutation
Schistosomiasis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
urinary bladder
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
21
25
27276
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Genetic Polymorphisms and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Susceptibility: A Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies
Background: Genetic factors and environmental factors play a role in pathogenesis of esophageal squamouscell carcinoma (ESCC). Previous studies regarding the association of folate intake and Methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase C677T polymorphism with ESCC was conflicting. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate theassociation of MTHFR C677T and folate intake with esophageal cancer risk. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASEand the Chinese Biomedical Database were searched in our study. The quality of studies were evaluated bypredefined scale, and The association of polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T and folate intake and ESCC riskwas estimated by Odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: 19 studies (4239 cases and5575 controls) were included for meta-analysis. A significant association was seen between individuals withMTHFR 677 CT [OR(95%)=1.47(1.32-1.63)] and TT [OR(95%)=1.69(1.49-1.91)] genotypes and ESCC risk(p<0.05). Low intake of folate had significantly higher risk of esophageal cancer among individuals with CT/TTgenotype [OR(95%)=1.65(1.1-2.49)], while high intake of folate did not find significant high risk of esophagealcancer among individuals with CT/TT genotype [OR(95%)=1.64 (0.82-3.26)]. Conclusions: Our meta-analysisindicated the folate intake and MTHFR 677CT/TT are associated with the risk of ESCC, and folate showed asignificant interaction with polymorphism of MTHFR C677T.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27276_60e944d67e0fb0125ab732f754b3f039.pdf
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T
Polymorphism
Esophageal Cancer
folate intake
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
27
30
27277
Salivary Gland Tumors: A Clinicopathologic Study of 366 Cases in Southern Iran
Background: Salivary gland tumors (SGT) are one of the most complex human neoplasms, demonstratingvariations in their clinicopathological profile related to racial and geographic differences. Few studies with largesamples have been reported in Iran. We here investigated a large group of patients in southern Iran. Materialsand Methods: In this retrospective study, all cases of primary epithelial salivary gland tumors, which had beenrecorded in a 5 years period from 2005-2009, were enrolled. Clinical data such as histopathologic type and site ofthe lesion as well as patients’ age and gender were analyzed. Results: Data of 366 cases of SGTs were recorded.Pleomorphic adenoma (80.2%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (46.6%) were the most common benign andmalignant neoplasms. Male to female ratio (M/F) and the mean age of patients were 1:1.05 and 37.7 for benigntumors while they were 1.2:1 and 50.6 for malignant tumors, respectively. Parotid and minor salivary glandswere involved more frequently. Conclusions: Although the salivary gland tumours encountered were similar inmost of their characteristics to those reported in other countries, some differences such as relative frequencyand age and gender prevalence were discovered. These findings should help surgeons and pathologists for moreaccurate diagnosis, management and treatment.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27277_307597773f6ba03c51a2028bdc2b8382.pdf
Salivary gland neoplasms
minor salivary glands
benign tumors
malignant tumors
Incidence
Iran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
31
37
27278
Surgical Perspective of T1799A BRAF Mutation Diagnostic Value in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Background: Throughout Indonesia, thyroid cancer is one of the ten commonest malignancies, with papillarythyroid carcinoma (PTC) in our hospital accounting for about 60% of all thyroid nodules. Although fine needleaspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the most reliable diagnostic tool, some nodules are diagnosed as indeterminate andsecond surgery is common for PTC. The aim of this study was to establish the diagnostic value and feasibility oftesting the BRAF T1799A mutation on FNA specimens for improving PTC diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Thisprospective study enrolled 95 patients with thyroid nodules and future surgery planned. Results of mutationalstatus were compared with surgical pathology diagnosis. Results: Of the 70 cases included in the final analysis,62.8% were PTC and the prevalence of BRAF mutation was 38.6%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictivevalue (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for BRAF mutation analysis were 36%, 100%, 100% and48%, respectively. With other data findings, nodules with “onset less than 5 year” and “hard consistency” wereproven as diagnostic determinants for BRAF mutation with a probability of 62.5%. This mutation was alsoa significant risk factor for extra-capsular extension. Conclusions: Molecular analysis of the BRAF T1799Amutation in FNAB specimens has high specificity and positive predictive value for PTC. It could be used in theselective patients with clinical characteristics to facilitate PTC diagnosis and for guidance regarding extent ofthyroidectomy.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27278_3c300af26edbf9fbbbe2cb83cd4fad54.pdf
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
BRAF mutation
fine needle aspiration
diagnostic value
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
39
42
27279
Survival Analysis of Breast Cancer Patients in Northwest Iran
Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer among Iranian women; however limitedstudies have been conducted to address survival rates. Objective: The objective was to examine survival rates inTabriz (Northwest of Iran) and comparing with those of data reported from other cities and countries. Methods:Survival rates were calculated for one, three, five, seven and ten years for 271 breast cancer patients referred toone university clinic during 1997-2008. Results: Survival analysis demonstrated a lower survival rate comparedto western countries. Conclusions: Survival rates for our patients are similar/better than other cities in Iran, butlower than certain European countries and the US. Further studies with a higher number of patients are nowrequired.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27279_f2dae7c45d9f44d38105dfc689dd0a0a.pdf
Breast cancer - survival - Tabriz
Iran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
43
45
27280
Lower Incidence but More Aggressive Behavior of Right Sided Breast Cancer in Pakistani Women: Does Right Deserve More Respect?
Background: The aim of this epidemiological study was to establish the laterality of breast cancer (BC) andits association with size, receptor status of the primary tumor and bone metastasis (BM) in a local population.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included cases of BC from Jan-2009 to Dec-2011 who werereferred for metastatic work up or follow up survey with Technetium-99m MDP bone scan (BS) to the NuclearMedicine Department of Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (KIRAN). A total of 384patients out of 521 were included and all reviewed for age, primary tumor size (PTS), laterality, receptor statuslike estrogen receptor (ER) progesterone receptor (PR) and Her-2-Neu receptor, presence or absence of BMwith sites of involvement and time interval between diagnosis of BC and appearance of BM. Results: The leftto right sided BC proportion was significantly higher than unity (59%:41%; p<0.001). The right sided BC wasobserved in younger age group (46:52 years; p<0.0001) and with a smaller PTS than the left sided (3.43:4.15 cm;p<0.0001). The patients with BM had relatively higher negative receptor status with a significant predominanceof right sided BC. The overall incidence of BM on BS was 28% and relatively higher in right than left breast(33%:24% p=0.068). The average number of BM sites was also significantly greater for the right side (6:4,P<0.0001). The % cumulative risk of BM in right breast was noted at significantly smaller PTS than left sidewith log rank value of 5.579; p<0.05. The Kaplan Meier survival plot for event free survival of BM in left sidedBC was significantly higher than for the right side (log rank value=4.155, p<0.05), with an earlier appearance ofBM in right BC. Conclusions: 1) A left sided predominance of BC was seen in local population; 2) right sided BChad a more aggressive behavior with extensive and earlier appearance of BM at relatively younger age, smallerPTS and receptor (s) negativity.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27280_d3b44325109b69c7bf4f16d71921ed29.pdf
breast cancer
laterality
bone metastasis
receptor negativity
primary tumor size
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
47
51
27281
Association between Physical Activity and Postoperative Complications after Esophagectomy for Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study
Background: Postoperative complications after esophagectomy can lead to considerable patient discomfortand prolonged length of hospital stay. Lack of physical activity can be one of the independent risk factors forpostoperative complications because physical activity is closely related to physical function. The objective ofthis study was to determine whether physical activity among esophageal cancer patients decreases their riskof postoperative complications after esophagectomy. Materials and Methods: We investigated 51 consecutivepatients with newly diagnosed resectable esophageal cancer who were scheduled to receive esophagectomybetween January 2009 and November 2011. Demographic, clinicopathologic, and treatment information wererecorded and physical function was measured. The last 7-days short version of the International Physical ActivityQuestionnaire was used to assess physical activity before the operation. Stepwise multiple logistic regressionanalysis was used to determine whether preoperative physical activity is related to the risk of postoperativecomplications. Results: Male gender [OR 18.6, (95%CIs: 1.2-284.4); P=0.035], 3-field lymph node dissection(OR 9.6, [95%CIs: 1.4-66.6]; P=0.022), low-level physical activity (OR 28.3, [95%CIs: 3.5-227.7]; P=0.002), andpreoperative comorbidities [OR 5.9, (95%CIs: 1.1-31.5); P=0.037] were found to be independently associated withpostoperative complications. Conclusions: The present study shows that low-level physical activity, preoperativecomorbidities, and 3-field lymph node dissection are independent and significant risk factors for postoperativecomplications after esophagectomy. Although further study is required, maintaining high-level physical activitypreoperatively may decrease the risk of postoperative complications.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27281_b25c55a941ca93544bc5ca9206e1d7be.pdf
Esophagectomy
physical activity
Postoperative complications
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
53
56
27282
Factors Associated with Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Results from a Developing Country-Pakistan
Background: It is known that blood group antigens are related to the development of peptic ulcer andgastric carcinoma. Infections due to H. pylori are most widespread among the developing regions due to poorstandard of public health. This study sought to determine the association of H. pylori with ABO blood groups,age, gender, and smoking status among inpatients at a public sector hospital in Karachi. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at endoscopy suite at a public sector hospital in Karachi in the year 2011.All the symptomatic patients coming for upper GIT endoscopy were included in this study. Results: Biopsy forhistopathology was taken from 93 patients, with an age range from 15-65 years. Age group of 15 to 20 years wasfound to be associated with H. pylori infection but without significance (p-value 0.83). In all, 36 (38.7%) turnedout to be H. pylori positive with a significant male preponderance (p=0.04). Distribution of ABO blood groups inH. pylori positive group were A=31.4%, B=15.4%, AB=25.0% and O=53.7%, with a statistically significant linkfor blood group O (p=0.05) . Rhesus factor was also compared but significant relationship was evident (p-value0.73). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that H. pylori infection can be related to ABO blood group, middleage persons and male gender. People of blood group O are more prone to develop infection related gastritis,ulcers, and even perforations, so they should be more cautious against transmission of the bacterium.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27282_a610b1dc1759cf61a670c2804daedfec.pdf
Helicobacter pylori
ABO blood-group system
factors
Gender
age
Pakistan
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
57
61
27283
Beliefs and Behavior of Malaysia Undergraduate Female Students in a Public University Toward Breast Self-examination Practice
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second principal cause of cancer deaths amongwomen worldwide, including Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 262 femaleundergraduate students in University Putra Malaysia using a validated questionnaire which was developed forthis study. Results: The mean age of respondents was 22±2.3 years. Most of them were single (83.1%), Malay(42.3%) and 20.7% reported having a family history of breast cancer. Eighty-seven (36.7%) claimed they hadpracticed BSE. Motivation and self-efficacy of the respondents who performed BSE were significantly highercompared with women who did not (p<0.05).There was no association between BSE practice and demographicdetails (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that women who perceived greater motivation (OR=1.089,95%CI: 1.016-1.168) and had higher confidence of BSE (OR=1.076, 95%CI: 1.028-1.126) were more likely toperform the screening. Conclusions: The findings show that Malaysian young female’s perception regarding breastcancer and the practice of BSE is low. Targeted education should be implemented to improve early detection ofbreast cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27283_ead3582b6155d823f84806511b4f69d6.pdf
breast cancer
Breast self-examination
Health Belief Model
Malaysia
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
63
68
27284
Correlation of Microvessel Density with Nuclear Pleomorphism, Mitotic Count and Vascular Invasion in Breast and Prostate Cancers at Preclinical and Clinical Levels
Background: Tumor angiogenesis correlates with recurrence and appears to be a prognostic factor for bothbreast and prostate cancers. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the correlation of microvessel density(MVD), a measure of angiogenesis, with nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic count, and vascular invasion in breast andprostate cancers at preclinical and clinical levels. Methods: Samples from xenograft tumors of luminal B breastcancer and prostate adenocarcinoma, established by BT-474 and PC-3 cell lines, respectively, and commensuratehuman paraffin-embedded blocks were obtained. To determine MVD, specimens were immunostained forCD-34. Nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic count, and vascular invasion were determined using hematoxylin andeosin (H&E)-stained slides. Results: MVD showed significant correlations with nuclear pleomorphism (r=0.68,P=0.03) and vascular invasion (r=0.77, P=0.009) in breast cancer. In prostate cancer, MVD was significantlycorrelated with nuclear pleomorphism (r=0.75, P=0.013) and mitotic count (r=0.75, P=0.012). In the breastcancer xenograft model, a significant correlation was observed between MVD and vascular invasion (r=0.87,P=0.011). In the prostate cancer xenograft model, MVD was significantly correlated with all three parameters(nuclear pleomorphism, r=0.95, P=0.001; mitotic count, r=0.91, P=0.001; and vascular invasion, r=0.79, P=0.017;respectively). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that MVD is correlated with nuclear pleomorphism, mitoticcount, and vascular invasion at both preclinical and clinical levels. This study therefore supports the predictivevalue of MVD in breast and prostate cancers.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27284_18901096348e7908dad9041fdf3fbeb7.pdf
Breast Adenocarcinoma
prostate adenocarcinoma
microvessel density
mitotic count
vascular invasion
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
69
73
27285
Improving Safety-Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Nurses Handling Cytotoxic Anticancer Drug: Pharmacists’ Experience in a General Hospital, Malaysia
Background: An increasing trend of cytotoxic drug use, mainly in cancer treatment, has increased theoccupational exposure among the nurses. This study aimed to assess the change of nurses’ safety-related knowledgeas well as attitude levels and subsequently to assess the change of cytotoxic drug handling practices in wards aftera series of pharmacist-based interventions. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study witha before and after design requested a single group of 96 nurses in 15 wards actively providing chemotherapy toanswer a self-administered questionnaire. A performance checklist was then used to determine the complianceof all these wards with the recommended safety measures. The first and second assessments took 2 monthsrespectively with a 9-month intervention period. Pharmacist-based interventions included a series of technical,educational and administrative support measures consisting of the initiation of closed-system cytotoxic drugreconstitution (CDR) services, courses, training workshops and guideline updates. Results: The mean age ofnurses was 32.2±6.19 years. Most of them were female (93.8%) and married (72.9%). The mean knowledge scoreof nurses was significantly increased from 45.5±10.52 to 73.4±8.88 out of 100 (p<0.001) at the end of the secondassessment. Overall, the mean practice score among the wards was improved from 7.6±5.51 to 15.3±2.55 outof 20 (p<0.001). Conclusions: The pharmacist-based interventions improved the knowledge, attitude and safepractices of nurses in cytotoxic drug handling. Further assessment may help to confirm the sustainability of theimproved practices.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27285_2dce499984c1c931e6f84dcccc7e51e6.pdf
Cytotoxic drugs
oncology nurses
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
pharmacist-based interventions
Malaysia
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
75
80
27286
Quality of Breast Cancer Early Detection Services Conducted by Well Woman Clinics in the District of Gampaha, Sri Lanka
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in females in Sri Lanka and early detectioncan lead to reduction in morbidity and mortality. Aim: To evaluate selected aspects of breast cancer earlydetection services implemented through well woman clinics (WWCs) in the Gampaha District. Methods: Thestudy consisted of two components. A retrospective descriptive arm assessed clinical breast examination (CBE)coverage of target age group women (TGW) of 35-59 years in all the WWCs in Gampaha district over 2003-2007. A cross sectional descriptive study additionally assessed quality of breast cancer early detection services.The Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) technique was used to decide on the lot size and threshold values,which were computed as twenty and six clinics. Checklists were employed in assessing coverage, physical facilitiesand clinic activities. Client satisfaction on WWC services was assessed among 200 TGW attending 20 WWCsusing an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: CBE coverage in the Gampaha district increasedonly from 1.1-2.2% over 2003-2007. With regard to physical facilities, the number of clinics that were ratedsubstandard varied between 7-18 (35- 90%). The items that were lacking included dust bins, notice boards,stationary, furniture and linen, and cleanliness of outside premises and toilets. With regard to clinic activities,punctuality of staff, late commencement of clinics, provision of health education, supervision, CBE and breastself-examination (BSE) were substandard in 7- 20 clinics (35-100%). Client satisfaction for WWC services was45.2% (IQR: 38.7-54.8%) and only 11% had a score of ≥70%, the cut off set for satisfaction. Conclusions: Breastcancer early detection service coverage in the Gampaha district remained low (2.2%) in 2007, 11 years aftercommencing WWCs. All 20 clinics were substandard for overall CBE and BSE.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27286_3765f5590f530a0bb208e70055a149d1.pdf
breast cancer
well woman clinics
quality of care
early detection
Clinical Breast Examination
Sri Lanka
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
81
85
27287
Diagnostic Role of Survivin in Urinary Bladder Cancer
Background: Early diagnosis of carcinoma of bladder remains a challenge. Survivin, a member of theinhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, is frequently activated in bladder carcinoma. The objective of thisstudy was to investigate urinary survivin as a marker for diagnosis of urinary bladder. Materials and Methods:We examined urinary survivin concentration in 28 healthy individuals, 46 positive controls and 117 cases ofhistologically proven TCC prior to transurethral resection, using ELISA, and compared values with findings forurinary cytology. Results: Survivin was found to be significantly higher in the cancer group (P<0.05). A cut offvalue of 17.7 pg/ml was proposed, with an approximate sensitivity of 82.9% and specificity of 81.1% (P<0.0001),whereas urine cytology had a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 96.0%. Conclusions: Urinary survivin canbe used as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for TCC bladder, both for primary and recurrent disease.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27287_d2a483eca63cd03eca4001bb2a8908a7.pdf
Survivin
Urinary bladder cancer
urinary biomarker
Diagnosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
87
89
27288
GSTT1 Null Genotype Distribution in the Kumaun Region of Northern India
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a multigene family of multifunctional phase II metabolicenzymes. GSTT1, an important member of this group has a wide range of substrates including carcinogens.Total homozygous deletion or null genotype resulting in total lack of enzyme activity exists in populationsfor this enzyme. Since the null genotype may contribute to lower detoxification of carcinogens, this genotypeis expected to increase cancer risk. The frequency of the GSTT1 null genotype is known to vary significantlyamong populations. However, little is known about its distribution in the hilly Kumaun region of northernIndia. Therefore, in this study, we determined the prevalence of the GSTT1 null polymorphism in the Kumaunpopilation by conducting duplex PCR in 365 voluntary healthy individuals. The GSTT1 null genotype wasdetected in 18.4% of the individuals. Since GSTs play significant role in xenobiotic metabolism, the present dataon GSTT1 genotype distribution should contribute in understanding genetic association with cancer risk in thisunderstudied population.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27288_7df7dad6c114c0bb1a292e3440853524.pdf
GSTT1
Null Genotype
Kumaun region
Northern India
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
91
96
27289
Detection of p53 Common Intron Polymorphisms in Patients with Gastritis Lesions from Iran
Background: p53 alterations have been implicated in the development of many cancers, such as gastric cancer,but there is no evidence of p53 intron alterations in gastritis lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate thep53 intron alterations in gastritis along with p53 and mismatch repair protein expression and microsatellite status.Materials and Methods: PCR-sequencing was conducted for introns 2-7 on DNA extracted from 97 paired samplesof gastritis lesions and normal adjacent tissue. Abnormal accumulation of p53 and mismatch repair proteins wasinvestigated using immunohistochemistry. In addition, microsatellite status was evaluated with reference to fivemononucleotide markers. Results: Gastritis cases included 41 males and 56 females in the age range of 15-83years, 87.6% being H.pylori positive. IVS2+38, IVS3ins16 and IVS7+72 were the most polymorphic sites. Theirminor allele frequency values were as follows: 0.38, 0.21 and 0.06, respectively. Samples with GG genotype atIVS2+38 and CT at IVS7+72 had no insertion. Moreover, most of the stable samples (91.9 %) had a G allele atIVS2+38. All of the samples were IHC negative for p53 protein, microsatellite stable and expressed mismatchrepair proteins. p53 alterations were prominent in the H. Pylori+ group, but without statistical significance.Conclusions: According to our results, some p53 polymorphisms such as IVS2+38, IVS3ins16 and IVS7+72,because of their correlations together or with microsatellite status may contribute to gastritis development.However, so far effects on p53 expression and function remain unclear. Therefore, a comprehensive survey isneeded to delineate their biological significance.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27289_15620abd3724f04240396b1f402a3f31.pdf
Helicobacter pylori
Gastritis
p53 gene
intron
Polymorphism
Gastric cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
97
102
26707
Support Vector Machine Based Diagnostic System for Thyroid Cancer using Statistical Texture Features
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop an automated computer-aided diagnostic system for diagnosisof thyroid cancer pattern in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) microscopic images with high degree ofsensitivity and specificity using statistical texture features and a Support Vector Machine classifier (SVM).Materials and Methods: A training set of 40 benign and 40 malignant FNAC images and a testing set of 10 benignand 20 malignant FNAC images were used to perform the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Initially, segmentation ofregion of interest (ROI) was performed by region-based morphology segmentation. The developed diagnosticsystem utilized statistical texture features derived from the segmented images using a Gabor filter bank at variouswavelengths and angles. Finally, the SVM was used as a machine learning algorithm to identify benign andmalignant states of thyroid nodules. Results: The SVMachieved a diagnostic accuracy of 96.7% with sensitivityand specificity of 95% and 100%, respectively, at a wavelength of 4 and an angle of 45. Conclusion: The resultsshow that the diagnosis of thyroid cancer in FNAC images can be effectively performed using statistical textureinformation derived with Gabor filters in association with an SVM.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26707_91ce3ca23597831d28b9a43b457e3f8d.pdf
Benign
Classification
fine needle aspiration cytology
malignant
Texture
Thyroid
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
103
109
26708
Lung Cancer Knowledge among Secondary School Male Teachers in Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia
Background: The objective of this study is to determine knowledge about lung cancer among secondaryschool male teachers in Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conductedamong three secondary schools located in Kudat district, Sabah, Malaysia during the period from June untilSeptember 2012. The protocol of this study was approved by ethics committee of Management and ScienceUniversity, Malaysia. The aims were explained and a consent form was signed by each participant. Respondentswere chosen randomly from each school with the help of the headmasters. Self-administrated questionnaires,covering socio-demographic characteristics and general knowledge of lung cancer, were distributed. Once all 150respondents completed the questionnaire, they passed it to their head master for collecting and recording. All thedata were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13. ANOVA and t-test wereapplied for univariate analysis; and multiple linear regression for multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 150male secondary school teachers participated in this study. Their mean age was 35.6±6.5 (SD); maximum 50 andminimum 23 years old. More than half of the participants were Malay and married (52%, 79%; respectively).Regarding the knowledge about lung cancer, 57.3% of the participants mentioned that only males are affectedby lung cancer. Some 70.7% mentioned that lung cancer can be transmitted from one person to another. Morethan half (56.7%) reported that lung cancer is not the leading cause of death in Malaysian males. As for riskfactors, the majority reported that family history of lung cancer is not involved. However, 91.3% were aware thatcigarettes are the main risk factor of lung cancer and more than half (52%) believed that second-hand smokingis one of the risk factor of lung cancer. More than half (51.3%) were not aware that asbestos, ionizing radiationand other cancer causing substances are risk factors for lung cancer. Quitting smoking, avoiding second-handsmoking and avoiding unnecessary x-ray image of the chest (53.3%, 96.0%, 87.3%; respectively) are the mainpreventive measures mentioned by the participants. For the factors that influence the participants knowledge,univariate and multivariate analysis showed that only race was significant. Conclusions: Overall, the knowledgeof school male teachers about lung cancer was low. However, few items were scored high: cigarettes are the mainrisk factor; avoiding second-hand smoking; and avoiding x-rays. Interventions to increase lung cancer awarenessare needed to improve early detection behavior. Increase the price of pack of cigarettes to RM 20 and banningsmoking in public places such as restaurants are highly recommended as primary preventive measures.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26708_82d4e731d5837956d5c44595d2489c4e.pdf
Lung cancer
Knowledge
school teachers
Malaysia
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
111
116
26709
Finding Genes Discriminating Smokers from Non-smokers by Applying a Growing Self-organizing Clustering Method to Large Airway Epithelium Cell Microarray Data
Background: Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for development of lung cancer. Identification ofeffects of tobacco on airway gene expression may provide insight into the causes. This research aimed to comparegene expression of large airway epithelium cells in normal smokers (n=13) and non-smokers (n=9) in order tofind genes which discriminate the two groups and assess cigarette smoking effects on large airway epitheliumcells. Materials and Methods: Genes discriminating smokers from non-smokers were identified by applying aneural network clustering method, growing self-organizing maps (GSOM), to microarray data according to classdiscrimination scores. An index was computed based on differentiation between each mean of gene expression inthe two groups. This clustering approach provided the possibility of comparing thousands of genes simultaneously.Results: The applied approach compared the mean of 7,129 genes in smokers and non-smokers simultaneouslyand classified the genes of large airway epithelium cells which had differently expressed in smokers comparingwith non-smokers. Seven genes were identified which had the highest different expression in smokers comparedwith the non-smokers group: NQO1, H19, ALDH3A1, AKR1C1, ABHD2, GPX2 and ADH7. Most (NQO1,ALDH3A1, AKR1C1, H19 and GPX2) are known to be clinically notable in lung cancer studies. Furthermore,statistical discriminate analysis showed that these genes could classify samples in smokers and non-smokerscorrectly with 100% accuracy. With the performed GSOM map, other nodes with high average discriminatescores included genes with alterations strongly related to the lung cancer such as AKR1C3, CYP1B1, UCHL1and AKR1B10. Conclusions: This clustering by comparing expression of thousands of genes at the same timerevealed alteration in normal smokers. Most of the identified genes were strongly relevant to lung cancer in theexisting literature. The genes may be utilized to identify smokers with increased risk for lung cancer. A largesample study is now recommended to determine relations between the genes ABHD2 and ADH7 and smoking.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26709_a2dac80866250160bf6f0c116da20b83.pdf
Lung cancer
Cigarette smoking
Gene expression
Microarray
growing self-organizing maps
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
117
120
27290
Knowledge of Risk Factors & Early Detection Methods and Practices towards Breast Cancer among Nurses in Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
Background: Breast cancer is an increasing health problem in India. Screening for early detection should leadto a reduction in mortality from the disease. It is known that motivation by nurses influences uptake of screeningmethods by women. This study aimed to investigate knowledge of breast cancer risk factors & early detectionmethods and the practice of screening among nurses in Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to assessthe knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, early detection methods and practice of screening methods among457 nurses working in a Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla-H.P. Chi square test, Data was analysed usingSPSS version 16. Test of significance used was chi square test. Results: The response rate of the study was 94.9%.The average knowledge of risk factors about breast cancer of the entire population is 49%. 10.5% of nurses hadpoor knowledge, 25.2% of the nurses had good knowledge, 45% had very good knowledge and 16.3% of thenurses had excellent knowledge about risk factors of breast cancer and early detection methods. The knowledgelevel was significantly higher among BSC nurses than nurses with Diploma. 54% of participants in this studyreportedly practice BSE at least once every year. Less than one-third reported that they had CBE within thepast one year. 7% ever had mammogram before this study. Conclusions: Results from this study suggest thefrequent continuing medical education programmes on breast cancer at institutional level is desirable.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27290_c57377a7b914d54c73134011d4a644f5.pdf
Knowledge
practices
Nurses
breast cancer
Shimla
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
121
126
27291
Significance of HPV Infection and Genic Mutation of APC and K-ras in Patients with Rectal Cancer
Background: Significance of HPV infection and genic mutation of APC and K-ras in rectal cancer has beeninvestigated but not clarified. The objective of our study was to investigate these parameters in patients with rectalcancer to analyze correlations with biological behaviour, to determine relationships among the three, and alsoto demonstrate survival prognosis effects. Methods: From December 2007 to September 2008, 75 rectal cancercases confirmed by histopathology in the Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were enrolled. Thecontrol group consisted of normal rectal mucous membrane taken simultaneously, a least 10 cm distant from thecarcinoma fringe. HPV DNA, the MCR of APC and exon-1 of K-ras were detected by PCR and PCR-SSCP. Allresults were analyzed in relation to clinical pathological material, using chi-square and correlation analysis viaSPSS.13 and Fisher’s Exact Probability via STATA. 9.0. All 75 patients were followed up for survival analysisusing Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank tests. Results: 55 out of 75 cases demonstrated gene HPV L1 while it wasnotdetected in normal rectal mucosa tissue. HPV infection was correlated with age and lymphatic metastasis(P<0.05) but not other characteristics, such as ethnicity, tumor size, histological type, tumor type, Duke’s stageand infiltration depth. Some 43 cases exhibited APC genic mutation (57.3%) and 34 K-ras genic mutation(45.3%). APC genic mutation was correlated with gender( P<0.05), but not age, histological type, infiltrationdepth, lymphatic metastasis and Duke’s stage. In 55 cases of rectal cancer with HPV infection, there were 31cases with genic mutation of APC (56.4%) and 24 with genic mutation of K-ras (43.6%). For the 20 cases ofrectal cancer with non-HPV infection, the figures were 12 cases (60%) and 10 (50.0%), respectively, with nosignificant relation. Survival analysis showed no statistical significance for K-ras genic mutation, APC genicmutation or HPV infection (P>0.05). However, the survival time of the patients with HPV infection was a littleshorter than in cases without HPV infection. Conclusions: Our results suggest that HPV infection might be animportant factor to bring about malignant phenotype of rectal cancer and influence prognosis. Genic mutationof APC and K-ras might be common early molecular events of rectal cancer, but without prognostic effects onmedium-term or early stage patients with rectal cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27291_6be394fd929259220c18868900633255.pdf
human papillomavirus
rectal carcinoma
gene APC
gene K-ras
Mutation
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
127
131
27292
Effect of MUC1 siRNA on Drug Resistance of Gastric Cancer Cells to Trastuzumab
Trastuzumab is the first molecular targeting drug to increase the overall survival rate in advanced gastriccancer. However, it has also been found that a high intrinsic or primary trastuzumab resistance exists in someproportion of gastric cancer patients. In order to explore the mechanism of resistance to trastuzumab, firstlywe investigated the expression of MUC1 (membrane-type mucin 1) in gastric cancer cells and its relationshipwith drug-resistance. Then using gene-silencing, we transfected a siRNA of MUC1 into drug-resistant cells.The results showed the MKN45 gastric cell line to be resistant to trastuzumab, mRNA and protein expressionof MUC1 being significantly upregulated. After transfection of MUC1 siRNA, protein expression of MUC1in MKN45cells was significantly reduced. Compared with the junk transfection and blank control groups, thesensitivity to trastuzumab under MUC1 siRNA conditions was significantly increased. These results imply thatHER2-positive gastric cancer cell MKN45 is resistant to trastuzumab and this resistance can be cancelled bysilencing expression of the MUC1 gene.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27292_1cc1f7ebf2f89e3ed3dda201da774931.pdf
HER2
Mucin1
Trastuzumab
Drug resistance
Gastric cancer
siRNA
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
133
137
27293
Ovarian Transposition for Stage Ib Squamous Cell Cervical Cancer - Lack of Effects on Survival Rates?
Background: To investigate the impact of ovarian transposition (OT) on survival rates of the patients withstage Ib squamous cell cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Ninety-two subjects who underwent a radicalhysterectomy including oophorectomy were evaluated. For nineteen (20.7%) , OT was performed. Patients weredivided into two groups, OT versus oophorectomy alone. The primary end-point of this study was to investigatethe impact of OT on tumor recurrence rate and time, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival(OS) . These comparisons were performed for subgroups including patients who received radiotherapy versuswho did not. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test, T-test and Mann-Whitney test. OSwas examined using the Kaplan-Meier method. P≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results:The median follow-up period was 89 months for OT and 81 months for the oophorectomy group (p>0.05). Bothgroups experienced similar recurrence rates (31.6% vs. 26.4%, p=0.181). The median duration from surgery torecurrence, and surgery to death were also similar between the groups (p>0.05). The 5-year DFS and OS rateswere both 68.4% for the OT group, and 73.6% and 77.8% for the oophorectomy group (p=0.457 and p=0.307,respectively). While the 5-year DFS rate was not statistically significant between the OT and oophorectomy groupswho did not receive radiotherapy (p=0.148), the 5-year OS rate was significantly higher in the oophorectomy group(95.4% vs 66.7%, respectively) without radiotherapy (p=0.05). The 5-year DFS and OS rates were statisticallysimilar between the groups who received adjuvant radiotherapy (p>0.05). Conclusions: Ovarian transpositionhas not significantly negative effect on the survival rates when adjuvant radiotherapy will be applied, while5-year OS may be less in OT group if radiotherapy is not mandatory.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27293_b87ed47c82f6e681048cc2254e93d88e.pdf
cervical cancer
ovarian transposition
survival rate
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
139
143
27294
Screening of MicroRNA in Patients with Esophageal Cancer at Same Tumor Node Metastasis Stage with Different Prognoses
Patients at the same pathological stage of esophageal cancer (EC) that received the same surgical therapy bythe same surgeon may have distinct prognoses. The current study aimed to explore the possibility of differentiallyexpressedmicroRNAs (miRNAs) underlying this phenomenon. Samples were collected from EC patients at thesame tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage but with different prognoses. Paracancerous normal tissues were takenas controls. The specimens were histopathologically analyzed. Differentially-expressed miRNAs were analyzedusing real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Compared with patients with poorprognosis, those with good prognosis exhibited 88 two-fold or more than two-fold increased miRNA fragmentsand 4 half-decreased miRNAs. The most noticeably up-regulated miRNAs included hsa-miR-31, hsa-miR-196b, hsa-miR-652, hsa-miR-125a-5p, hsa-miR-146b, hsa-miR-200c, hsa-miR-23b, hsa-miR-29a, hsa-miR-186,hsa-miR-205, hsa-miR-376a, hsa-miR-410, hsa-miR-532-3p, and hsa-miR-598, whereas the most significantlydownregulatedmiRNAs were hsa-let-7e, hsa-miR-130b, and hsa-miR-103. EC patients at same TNM stage butwith different prognoses show differentially-expressed miRNAs.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27294_989b092ebde5ca17d0c9360233a1acbb.pdf
Esophageal Cancer
tumor node metastasis (TNM)
Prognosis
MicroRNA
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
145
148
27295
Common Variations of DNA Repair Genes are Associated with Response to Platinum-based Chemotherapy in NSCLCs
Aim: Individual differences in chemosensitivity and clinical outcome of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)patients may be induced by host inherited factors. We investigated the impact of XPD Arg156Arg, XPDAsp312Asn, XPD Asp711Asp and XPD Lys751Gln gene polymorphisms on the efficacy of platinum-basedchemotherapy in NSCLC patients. Methods: A total of 496 were consecutively selected from the Affiliated Hospitalof Nantong University between Jan. 2003 and Nov. 2006, and all patients were followed-up until Nov. 2011.The genotyping of XPD Arg156Arg, XPD Asp312Asn, XPD Asp711Asp and XPD Lys751Gln was conducted byduplex polymerase-chain-reaction with the confronting-two-pair primer methods. Results: Individuals with XPD312 C/T+T/T and XPD 711 C/T+T/T exhibited poor responses to chemotherapy when compared with the wildtypegenotype, with adjusted ORs(95% CI) of 0.67(0.38-0.97) and 0.54(0.35-0.96), respectively. Cox regressionshowed the median PFS and OS of patients of XPD 312 C/T+T/T genotype and XPD 711 C/T+T/T genotype tobe significantly lower than those with wild-type homozygous genotype. Conclusion: We found polymorphismsin XPD to be associated with response to platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC, and our findings provideinformation for therapeutic decisions for individualized therapy.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27295_0954f8435b5b3a159ab20a30676fffcc.pdf
Xeroderma pigmentosum group D
Polymorphism
non-small cell lung cancer
Chemotherapy
Response
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
149
152
27296
Comparison of Psychological Influence on Breast Cancer Patients Between Breast-conserving Surgery and Modified Radical Mastectomy
Objective: To compare the influence of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and modified radical mastectomy(MRM) on the psychological state of breast cancer patients. Methods: Patients receiving MRM or BCS, andfulfilling the study criteria, were recruited. Patients were required to complete a self-reporting inventory (SCL-90) on admission and 6 months after surgery and a self-rating depression scale (SDS) when discharged fromhospital and 6 months after surgery. Results: A total of 70 patients received MRM and 50 BCS. Compared withthe national standard, patients suffered to some extent psychological problems on admission, at discharge fromhospital and at 6 months after surgery. Patients received BCS had a higher score of SDS compared with thosewith MRM when discharged from hospital. However, 6 months after surgery, SDS score increased in MRM anddecreased in the BCS group, so the difference was significant. Conclusion: The short-term psychological stateof patients receiving BCS is worse than that with MRM but superior to MRM 6 months postoperatively. BCSimposed less influence on long term psychological state of breast cancer patients compared with MRM.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27296_cbd85c29bfe6bc35ab6ca9979c7239a7.pdf
breast cancer
breast-conserving surgery
modified radical mastectomy
psychological state
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
153
158
27297
Communication Competencies of Oncology Nurses in Malaysia
This paper reports on part of a large study to identify competencies of oncology nurses in Malaysia. It focuseson oncology nurses’ communications-related competency. As an important cancer care team member, oncologynurses need to communicate effectively with cancer patients. Literature shows that poor communication canmake patients feel anxious, uncertain and generally not satisfied with their nurses’ care. This paper deliberateson the importance of effective communication by oncology nurses in the context of a public hospital. Four focusgroup discussions were used in this study with 17 oncology/cancer care nurses from Malaysian public hospitals.The main inclusion criterion was that the nurses had to have undergone a post-basic course in oncology, or havework experience as a cancer care nurse. The findings indicated that nurses do communicate with their patients,patients’ families and doctors to provide information about the disease, cancer treatment, disease recurrence andside effects. Nurses should have good communication skills in order to build relationships as well as to providequality services to their patients. The paper concludes by recommending how oncology nursing competenciescan be improved.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27297_356106002ef519467e2159dba287cc01.pdf
communication
Competency
oncology/cancer care nurses
Malaysia
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
159
163
27298
Racial and Social Economic Factors Impact on the Cause Specific Survival of Pancreatic Cancer: A SEER Survey
Background: This study used Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) pancreatic cancer datato identify predictive models and potential socio-economic disparities in pancreatic cancer outcome. Materialsand Methods: For risk modeling, Kaplan Meier method was used for cause specific survival analysis. TheKolmogorov-Smirnov’s test was used to compare survival curves. The Cox proportional hazard method wasapplied for multivariate analysis. The area under the ROC curve was computed for predictors of absolute riskof death, optimized to improve efficiency. Results: This study included 58,747 patients. The mean follow up time(S.D.) was 7.6 (10.6) months. SEER stage and grade were strongly predictive univariates. Sex, race, and threesocio-economic factors (county level family income, rural-urban residence status, and county level educationattainment) were independent multivariate predictors. Racial and socio-economic factors were associated withabout 2% difference in absolute cause specific survival. Conclusions: This study s found significant effects ofsocio-economic factors on pancreas cancer outcome. These data may generate hypotheses for trials to eliminatethese outcome disparities.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27298_05e0a40587d260c2d85171fdaa0e6704.pdf
Pancreatic cancer
radiotherapy
SEER
socio-economic disparity
cause specific survival
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
165
171
27299
Expression of Fragile Histidine Triad (FHIT) and WW-Domain Oxidoreductase Gene (WWOX) in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression of FHIT and WWOX in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) and correlations with clinical pathologic features. mRNA expression of the FHIT and WWOX was assessedby real-time fluorescent relatively quantitative PCR in 61 NPC tissues and 45 non-cancerous nasopharyngealtissues. As a result, mRNA expression levels of both FHIT and WWOX were significantly lower in NPC patientsthan in control samples (P=0.049 and 0.045, respectively). Moreover, the mRNA expression of both had an inverserelation with larger invasive range (P=0.035 and 0.048, respectively), poor histologic differentiation (P=0.012 and0.016) and advanced clinical stage (P=0.026 and 0.038). Consistency was found between expression of FHIT andWWOX in the same NPC tissues (r=0.681, P=0.00). In conclusion, synergy between FHIT and WWOX may existin the development of NPC so that the two factors may be considered as important genetic markers. Detectingthe expression of FHIT and WWOX should provide clinically significant information relevatn to tumor diagnosis,progression and treatment modalities for NPC.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27299_c7cd4ab9aee4cb1587476a231e754be9.pdf
WWOX
FHIT
nasopharynx carcinoma
Prognosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
173
177
27300
Tanshinone IIA Reverses the Malignant Phenotype of SGC7901 Gastric Cancer Cells
Backgrounds: Tanshinone IIA (TIIA), a phenanthrenequinone derivative extracted from Salvia miltiorrhizaBUNGE, has been reported to be a natural anti-cancer agent in a variety of tumor cells. However, the effect ofTIIA on gastric cancer cells remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the influence of TIIA on themalignant phenotype of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. Methods: Cells cultured in vitro were treated with TIIA (0,1, 5, 10 μg/ml) and after incubation for different periods, cell proliferation was measured by MTT method andcell apoptosis and cell cycling were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM). The sensitivity of SGC7901 gastric cancercells to anticancer chemotherapy was investigated with the MTT method, while cell migration and invasion wereexamined by wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. Results: TIIA (1, 5, 10 μg/ml) exerted powerfulinhibitory effects on cell proliferation (P < 0.05, and P < 0.01), and this effect was time- and dose-dependent.FCM results showed that TIIA induced apoptosis of SGC7901 cells, reduced the number of cells in S phase andincreased those in G0/G1 phase. TIIA also significantly increased the sensitivity of SGC7901 gastric cancer cellsto ADR and Fu. Moreover, wound-healing and transwell assays showed that TIIA markedly decreased migratoryand invasive abilities of SGC7901 cells. Conclusions: TIIA can reverse the malignant phenotype of SGC7901gastric cancer cells, indicating that it may be a promising therapeutic agent.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27300_eb5c54e1aa1775bb19ac93be3add0ed3.pdf
Tanshinone IIA
Gastric cancer
growth
chemo-sensitivity
migration
Invasion
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
179
182
27301
Functional PstI/RsaI Polymorphisms in the CYP2E1 Gene among South Indian Populations
Human cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is a well-conserved xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme expressed inliver, kidney, nasal mucosa, brain, lung, and other tissues. CYP2E1 is inducible by ethanol, acetone, and otherlow-molecular weight substrates and may mediate development of chemically-mediated cancers. CYP2E1polymorphisms alter the transcriptional activity of the gene. This study was conducted in order to investigatethe allele frequency variation in different populations of Andhra Pradesh. Two hundred and twelve subjectsbelonging to six populations were studied. Genotype and allele frequency were assessed through TaqMan allelicdiscrimination (rs6413419) and polymerase chain reaction-sequencing (-1295G>C and -1055C>T) after DNAisolation from peripheral leukocytes. The data were compared with other available world populations. The SNPrs6413419 is monomorphic in the present study, -1295G>C and -1055C>T are less polymorphic and followedHardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all the populations studied. The -1295G>C and -1055C>T frequencies were similarand acted as surrogates in all the populations. Analysis of HapMap populations data revealed no significant LDbetween these markers in all the populations. Low frequency of CYP2E1*c2 could be useful in the understandingof south Indian population gene composition, alcohol metabolism, and alcoholic liver disease development.However, screening of additional populations and further association studies are necessary. The heterogeneityof Indian population as evidenced by the different distribution of CYP2E1*c2 may help in understanding thepopulation genetic and evolutionary aspects of this gene.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27301_c914c535cee078dc6decc38368da1b67.pdf
CYP2E1
SNP
allelic variation
South Indian populations
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
183
188
27302
A Multicenter Matched Case Control Study of Breast Cancer Risk Factors among Women in Karachi, Pakistan
Background: Breast cancer (BC), the most common female cancer in Pakistan, is associated with a very highmortality. However, the roles of individual risk factors for BC among Pakistani women are still controversial. Toassess potential risk factors for BC, a matched case-control study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals ofKarachi, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: The study population included 297 pathologically confirmed incidentcases of BC patients diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2010. 586 controls without any history ofBC were matched on a hospital basis, within 5 years of patient ages. Results: Family history of BC (MOR=1.72;95%CI: 1.10, 2.80 for first degree vs. none), single marital status (MOR=1.55; 95%CI: 1.10, 2.39 for singlewomen vs. married women), older age at menopause (MOR=3.92; 95%CI: 2.52, 6.18 for menopausal womenaged below 45 years, MOR=6.42; 95%CI: 3.47, 11.98 for menopausal women above 45 years of age comparedwith premenopausal women) conferred an increased risk of BC for women. Increasing parity decreased therisk of BC (MOR=0.90; 95%CI: 0.85, 0.97 for each live birth). Intake of Vitamin D supplements (MOR=0.30;95%CI: 0.12, 0.81 for <3 years and MOR=0.27; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.56 for >3 years) was protective compared tonon-users of Vitamin D. Conclusions: This study confirmed only few of the recognized risk factors in Pakistaniwomen. The protective effect of Vitamin D is important from public health perspective and needs to be furtherexplored through a randomized controlled trial.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27302_f3a30f775ac695e9e7685a8fcc004d6d.pdf
breast cancer
risk factors
Vitamin D
matched case control study
Pakistani women
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
189
193
27303
Gene Polymorphism of XRCC1 Arg399Gln and Cervical Carcinoma Susceptibility in Asians: A Meta-analysis Based on 1,759 Cases and 2,497 Controls
Many epidemiological studies in Asian populations have investigated associations between the Arg399Glngene polymorphism of X-ray repair cross complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) and risk of cervical carcinoma, butno conclusions have been available because of controversial results. Therefore a meta-analysis was conducted forclarification. Relevant studies were identified by searching the Pubmed, Embase, the Web of Science, CochraneCollaboration’s database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database and ChinaBiological Medicinse (CBM) until September, 2012. A total of eight studies were included in the present metaanalysis,which described 1,759 cervical carcinoma cases and 2,497 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) as effect size were calculated by fixed-effect or random-effect models.The overall results indicated that the XRCC1-399G/A polymorphism was marginally associated with cervicalcarcinoma in Asians: OR (95%CI): 1.16 (1.07, 1.26) in the G/A vs G/G inheritance model, 1.24 (0.87, 1.76)inA/A vs G/G inheritance model, 1.13 (1.01, 1.27) in the dominant inheritance model and 1.18 (0.94, 1.47) in therecessive inheritance model. Subgroup analyses on sample size showed no significant correlation in the smallsamplesize group but the large-sample size group was consistent with the outcomes of overall meta-analysis.In the subgroup analysis by regions, we only found significant association under the G/A vs G/G inheritancemodel in the Chinese population. For the non-Chinese populations, no correlation was detected in any geneticinheritance model. In the Asian populations, XRCC1-399G/A gene polymorphism was implied to be associatedwith cervical carcinoma.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27303_6437cf7fec259ad1bdbcb7178734fb97.pdf
XRCC1- cervical carcinoma
399G/A gene polymorphism
Meta-analysis
Asians
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
195
200
27304
Clinicopathological Significance of Reduced SPARCL1 Expression in Human Breast Cancer
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteines-like protein 1 (SPARCL1), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein,has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several disorders including cancer. However, little is known about theexpression and significance of SPARCL1 in human breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine theexpression pattern and clinicopathological significance of SPARCL1 in a Chinese breast cancer cohort. mRNAand protein expression of SPARCL1 in human breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer tissues was detectedusing the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blotting,respectively. Immunostaining of SPARCL1 in 282 Chinese breast cancer samples was examined and associationswith clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. Compared to the positive expression in immortalized humanbreast epithelial cells, SPARCL1 was nearly absent in human breast cancer cell lines. Similarly, a significantlyreduced expression of SPARCL1 was observed in human breast cancer tissues compared to that in normalbreast epithelial tissues, for both mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis showedthat strong cytoplasmic immunostaining of SPARCL1 was observed in almost all normal breast samples (43/45)while moderate and strong immunostaining of SPARCL1 was only detected in 191 of 282 (67.7%) breast cancercases. Moreover, down-regulation of SPARCL1 was significantly correlated with lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.020)and poor grade (P = 0.044). In conclusion, SPARCL1 may be involved in the breast tumorigenesis and serve asa promising target for therapy of breast cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27304_9fbbf05f96fff43909223b704fb8561c.pdf
breast cancer
SPARCL1
RT-PCR
immunohistochemistry
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
201
208
27305
Effects of Tiam 1 on Invasive Capacity of Gastric Cancer Cells in vitro and Underlying Mechanisms
Objective: To investigate changes in the invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells in vitro after expressioninhibition of T lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing factor 1 (Tiam 1) and underlying mechanisms.Methods: Using adhesion selection, two subpopulations with high (MH) or low (ML) invasive capacity wereseparated from the human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 (M0). Tiam 1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN)was transfected into MH cells with liposomes, and expression of Tiam 1 mRNA and protein was determined byRT-PCR and quantitative cellular-ELISA. Changes in the cytoskeleton, invasive capacity in vitro and expressionof ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac 1), integrin β1 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2)between Tiam 1 ASODN transfected MH cells and non-transfected cells were observed by HE staining, cytoskeletalprotein staining, scanning electron microscopy, Boyden chamber tests and cyto-immunohistochemistry. Results:A positive correlation existed between the expression level of Tiam l mRNA or protein and the invasion capacityof gastric cancer cells. After ASODN treatment (0.43 μM for 48 h), Tiam 1 mRNA transcription and proteinexpression in MH cells were decreased by 80% and 24% respectively (P < 0.05), compared with untreated controls,while invasive capacity in vitro was suppressed by 60% (P < 0.05). Morphologic and ultrastructural observationalso showed that ASODN-treated MH cells exhibited smooth surfaces with obviously reduced filopodia andmicrospikes, which resembled M0 and ML cells. Additionally, cytoskeletal distribution dramatically altered fromdisorder to regularity with reduced long filament-like structure, projections, pseudopodia on cell surface, andwith decreased acitn-bodies in cytoplasm. After Tiam 1 ASODN treatment, the expression of Rac 1 and Integrinβ1 in MH cells was not affected (P > 0.05), but that of MMP 2 in MH cells was significantly inhibited comparedwith untreated cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Over-expression of Tiam-1 contributes to the invasive phenotypeof gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of Tiam 1 expression could impair the invasive capacity of gastric cancer cellsthrough modulating reconstruction of the cytoskeleton and regulating expression of MMP 2.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27305_fc3e873c3e3804956fface1b8f09200b.pdf
Tiam 1
Gastric cancer
cytoskeleton
Invasion
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
209
215
27306
Burdens, Needs and Satisfaction of Terminal Cancer Patients and their Caregivers
Objectives: Terminal cancer patients and their caregivers often experience traumatic stress and needmany types of assistance. In the present study we interviewed terminally ill cancer patients and caregiversto determine how much burden they experienced and to find out what factors are most important forsatisfaction. Design: We constructed a questionnaire including overall care burden and needs experienced,and administered it to 659 terminal cancer patients and 659 important caregivers at 11 university hospitalsand 1 national cancer center in Korea. Results: Finally, 481 terminal cancer patients and 381 caregiverscompleted the questionnaire. Care burden was not insubstantial in both and the caregiver group felt moreburden than the patient group (P<0.001). While the patient group needed financial support most (39.0%),the caregiver group placed greatest emphasis on discussion about further treatment plans (44.8%). Stepwisemultiple logistic regression analyses showed that in the patient group, patient’s health status (OR, 2.03;95%CI, 1.16-3.56) and burden (OR, 2.82; 95%CI, 1.76-4.50) influenced satisfaction about overall care,while in the caregiver group, high education level (OR, 1.84; 95%CI, 1.76-4.50), burden (OR, 2.94; 95%CI,1.75-4.93) and good family function (OR, 1.94; 95%CI, 1.24-3.04) were important. Conclusions: Our studyshowed that burden was great in both terminal cancer patients and their caregivers and was perceived to bemore severe by caregivers. Our study also showed that burden was the factor most predicting satisfactionabout overall care in both groups.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27306_1336e0535272ff4f4f6c27930088e9dd.pdf
Burden of terminal illness
Caregivers
cancer patients
financial support
treatment plans
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
217
223
27307
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Prognoses for Multicentric Occurrence and Intrahepatic Metastasis in Synchronous Multinodular Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and theoutcomes for patients are still poor. It is important to determine the original type of synchronous multinodularHCC for preoperative assessment and the choice of treatment therapy as well as for the prediction of prognosisafter treatment. Aims: To analyze clinicopathologic characteristics and prognoses in patients with multicentricoccurrence (MO) and intrahepatic metastasis (IM) of synchronous multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: The study group comprised 42 multinodular HCC patients with a total of 112 nodules. The controlgroup comprised 20 HCC patients with 16 single nodular HCC cases and 4 HCC cases with a portal vein tumoremboli. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region was sequenced, and the patients of the study groupwere categorized as MO or IM based on the sequence variations. Univariate and multivariate analyses were usedto determine the important clinicopathologic characteristics in the two groups. Results: In the study group, 20cases were categorized as MO, and 22 as IM, whereas all 20 cases in the control group were characterized as IM.Several factors significantly differed between the IM and MO patients, including hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg),cumulative tumor size, tumor nodule location, cirrhosis, portal vein and/or microvascular tumor embolus andthe histological grade of the primary nodule. Multivariate analysis further demonstrated that cirrhosis andportal vein and/or microvascular tumor thrombus were independent factors differentiating between IM andMO patients. The tumor-free survival time of the MO subjects was significantly longer than that of the IMsubjects (25.7±4.8 months vs. 8.9±3.1 months, p=0.017). Similarly, the overall survival time of the MO subjectswas longer (31.6±5.3 months vs. 15.4±3.4 months, p=0.024). The multivariate analysis further demonstrated thatthe original type (p=0.035) and Child-Pugh grade (p<0.001) were independent predictors of tumor-free survivaltime. Cirrhosis (p=0.011), original type (p=0.034) and Child-Pugh grade (p<0.001) were independent predictorsof overall survival time. Conclusions: HBeAg, cumulative tumor size, tumor nodule location, cirrhosis, portalvein and/or microvascular tumor embolus and histological grade of the primary nodule are important factorsfor differentiating IM and MO. MO HCC patients might have a favorable outcome compared with IM patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27307_29724e3b8857c1b026107871eda55fa5.pdf
Characteristic
Prognosis
multicentric occurrence
intrahepatic metastasis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
225
230
27308
Factors Associated with Discontinuation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Korean Cancer Patients
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine patient characteristics and other factorsassociated with discontinuation of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among cancer patientsin Korea. Methods: A national, multicenter, cross-sectional survey of cancer patients was performed inwhich 674 of 2,661 patients were analyzed for their use of CAM after cancer diagnosis. Multiple logisticregression was used to identify the factors related to CAM discontinuation. Results: Among the surveyedcancer patients, 25.3% (674 of 2,661) had used CAM, whereas 38.3% (258 of 674) of those with CAMexperience had discontinued CAM therapy. The most frequently used form of CAM was herbs (43.5%).The major reasons for the discontinuation of CAM included absence of effects (23.9%), financial burden(22.9%), and physician opposition (13.7%). Other factors associated with the discontinuation of CAMincluded metastatic cancer (OR = 2.06), a long duration of cancer treatment (OR = 3.34), dissatisfaction (OR= 4.34), and side effects (OR = 4.23) of CAM therapy. Conclusions: For cancer patients to correctly employCAM therapy, increase their satisfaction, and reduce their side effects, efforts should be made to analyze thecost effectiveness of CAM, and valid information must be provided to physicians and cancer patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27308_2dcb925cac05583d5951fd046a69db4a.pdf
cancer
complementary
alternative medicine
Korea
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
231
236
27309
XPD Lys751Gln and Asp312Asn Polymorphisms and Gastric Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies
Background: Published data regarding the association between xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD)Lys751Gln and Asp312Asn polymorphisms and gastric cancer susceptibility havew been inconclusive. Thismeta-analysis was therefore performed toobtain a more precise estimation of any relationship. Materials andMethods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify all case–control studies of Lys751Glnand Asp312Asn polymorphisms and susceptibility to gastric cancer. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and its95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model with the software STATA(version10.0). Results: A total of 12 case-control studies including 3,147 cases and 4,736 controls were included.Overall, no significant associations were found in some models (for Lys751Gln: Lys/Gln vs Lys/Lys: OR=1.144,95% CI=0.851–1.541, Gln/Gln vs Lys/Lys: OR=1.215, 95% CI = 0.740–1.955, dominant model: OR=1.137,95% CI=0.818–1.582; recessive model: OR=1.123, 95% CI=0.765–1.650; for Asp312Asn: Asp/Asn vs Asp/Asp:OR=1.180, 95% CI=0.646–2.154, dominant model: OR=1.380, 95% CI = 0.812–2.346), but significantly elevatedsusceptibility was found for Asp312Asn polymorphism in some models (Asn/Asn vs Asp/Asp: OR=2.045, 95%CI=1.254–3.335, recessive model: OR=1.805, 95% CI =1.219–2.672 ), for the additive model, the XPD Lys751Glnand Asp312Asn polymorphisms were not significantly associated with gastric cancer susceptibility. In stratifiedanalyses, significantly elevated susceptibility was found for some models in the Chinese population. Conclusion:This meta-analysis suggested the XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism might be a potential biomarker of gastriccancer susceptibility in overall population, while both XPD Lys751Gln and Asp312Asn polymorphisms mightbe risk factors of gastric cancer susceptibility in Chinese.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27309_a1ae4916b259fb96115dc5d39ba276ce.pdf
Meta-analysis - gastric cancer - XPD polymorphisms
Lys751Gln
Asp312Asn
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
237
242
27310
Induction of Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis by Morinda Citrifolia (Noni) in Human Cervical Cancer Cells
Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer in women and has a high mortality rate. Cisplatin,an antitumor agent, is generally used for its treatment. However, the administration of cisplatin is associatedwith side effects and intrinsic resistance. Morinda citrifolia (Noni), a natural plant product, has been shown tohave anti-cancer properties. In this study, we used Noni, cisplatin, and the two in combination to study theircytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects in cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cell lines. We demonstrate here,that Noni/Cisplatin by themselves and their combination were able to induce apoptosis in both these cell lines.Cisplatin showed slightly higher cell killing as compared to Noni and their combination showed additive effects.The observed apoptosis appeared to be mediated particularly through the up-regulation of p53 and pro-apoptoticBax proteins, as well as down- regulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-XL proteins and survivin. Augmentationin the activity of caspase-9 and -3 was also observed, suggesting the involvement of the intrinsic mitochondrialpathway of apoptosis for both Noni and Cisplatin in HeLa and SiHa cell lines.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27310_89aec6953fd14c91c8b61969f07935a0.pdf
Morinda citrifolia (Noni)
Cisplatin
HeLa
SiHa
Apoptosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
243
248
27311
Association Between C-reactive Protein and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Background: Associations between elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and cancer risk have been reported formany years, but the results from prospective cohort studies remains controversial. A meta-analysis of prospectivecohort studies was therefore conducted to address this issue. Methods: Eligible studies were identified bysearching the PubMed and EMBASE up to October 2012. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) was calculated by usingrandom effects model. Results: Eleven prospective cohort studies involving a total of 194,796 participants and11,459 cancer cases were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled HR per natural log unit change in CRP was1.105 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.033-1.178) for all-cancer, 1.308 (95% CI: 1.097-1.519) for lung cancer,1.040 (95% CI: 0.910-1.170) for breast cancer, 1.063 (95% CI: 0.965-1.161) for prostate cancer, and 1.055 (95%CI: 0.925-1.184) for colorectal cancer. Dose-response analysis showed that the exponentiated linear trend for achange of one natural log unit in CRP was 1.012 (95% CI: 1.006-1.018) for all-cancer. No evidence of publicationbias was observed. Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis showed that the elevated levels of CRP areassociated with an increased risk of all-cancer, lung cancer, and possibly breast, prostate and colorectal cancer.The result supports a role of chronic inflammation in carcinogenesis. Further research effort should be performedto identify whether CRP, as a marker of inflammation, has a direct role in carcinogenesis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27311_b8c50499a92dbd6cc16d0af6b5f354fd.pdf
C-reactive protein
cancer
Cohort studies
Meta-analysis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
249
253
27312
Clinicopathological Features of Patients with Malignant Mesothelioma in a Multicenter, Case-Control Study: No Role for ABO-Rh Blood Groups
Background: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor of mesothelial surfaces. Previous studieshave observed an association between ABO blood groups and risk of certain malignancies, including pancreaticand gastric cancer; however, no information on any association with MM risk is available. The aim of this studywas to investigate possible associations amoong MM clinicopathological features and ABO blood groups and Rhfactor. Materials and Methods: In 252 patients with MM, the ABO blood group and Rh factor were examined andcompared with the control group of 3,022,883 healthy volunteer blood donors of Turkish Red Crescent between2004 and 2011. The relationship of blood groups with various clinicopathological features were also evaluatedin the patient group. Results: The median age was 55 (range: 27-86) and 61.5% of patients were male. While82.8% of patients had a history of exposure to asbestos, 60.7% of patients had a smoking history. Epithelioid(65.1%) was the most common histology and 18.7% of patients had mixed histology. Overall, the ABO bloodgroup distribution of the 252 patients with MM was comparable with the general population. The median overallsurvival (OS) was 14 months (95% confidence interval, 11.3-16.6 months). The median OS for A, B, AB, and Owere 11, 15, 16, and 15 months respectively (p=0.396). First line chemotherapy was administered to 118 patients.The median OS of patients on pemetrexed or gemcitabine was longer than patient who was not administeredchemotherapy [17 months (95%CI, 11.7-22.2) vs. 9 months (95%CI, 6.9-11.0); p<0.001]. Conclusions: The resultsof this study suggest that patients with MM can benefit from treatment with pemetrexed or gemcitabine incombination with cisplatin. We did not observe a statistically significant association between ABO blood groupand risk of MM.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27312_6b1192444f56b41da31a4248a2406267.pdf
Mesothelioma
blood groups
Asbestos
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
255
259
27313
Living Experiences of Male Spouses of Patients with Metastatic Cancer in Taiwan
Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death in Taiwan. Spouses are generally the main caregivers ofaffectyed patients but previous studies have seldom investigated the needs of male spouses of patients withmetastatic cancer. Purpose: To explore the lived experiences of such male spouses. Methods: A qualitative designusing in-depth interviewswasconducted with male spouses of patients with metastatic cancer being treated at theoncology outpatient department in a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan. Results: Nine participants aged 31-78were interviewed. Content analysis of the interviews revealed five themes: suffering and struggling, difficulty infocusing on communication and interaction, shouldering responsibility, cherishing the love between husbandand wife, and enabling each other to live better. This study demonstrated how male spousse experienced physicaland psychological suffering when their wives suffered from metastatic cancer. They had to bear the pain of theirwife’s suffering, and also had to shoulder the responsibility for everything. All their efforts were put towardsenabling each other to live a better life. They cherished the rest of the time they could spend with their wives,even though they had to live a hard life. As the male spouses of patients with metastatic cancer, the participantsexhibited both the masculinity of men and the ability to express care and tenderness. Conclusions: The resultsshowed that male spouses need more attention in terms of communication and bearing with suffering. Healthcare professionals should more actively understand the needs and provide assistance when facing the male spouseof patients with cancer, so as make sure that they possess the ability to take care of their wives. Health careprofessionals should also assist and properly act as a bridge of communication between husbands and wives.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27313_3c542f789eff90683d8904aea6988e1e.pdf
Lived experiences
metastatic cancer
male spouses
Taiwan
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
261
265
27314
Protective Effects of Scutellaria barbata Against Rat Liver Tumorigenesis
Scutellaria barbata D. Don (S. barbata), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used to treat cancers, inflammation,and urinary diseases. This study aimed to determine any protective effects of S. barbata crude extract (CE-SB)against rat liver tumorigenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DENA). Liver malfunction indices in serum weremeasured by biochemical examination. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to examine liver pathology.Contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in liver homogenates toevaluate oxidative stress. The levels of liver malfunction indices in the CE-SB groups, especially in the CE-SBhigh dose group, were lower than that of the model group (P<0.05). The results from histological examinationindicated that the number of liver nodules in the CE-SB groups decreased compared with the model group(P<0.05). Content of MDA determined in liver was significantly decreased, and level of SOD elevated by CE-SB.CE-SB can inhibit experimental liver tumorigenesis and relieve hepatic injury in rats.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27314_75104b7a525a47113c4d18c80b9e5637.pdf
anti-tumor
Scutellaria barbata
Hepatoma
Tumorigenesis
diethylnitrosamine
Rat
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
267
274
27315
Socio-economic Factors Influencing Tumor Presentation and Treatment Options in Chinese Breast Cancer Patients
The impact of income and education level on the clinical and pathologic characteristics, implementation ofclinical breast examination (CBE), and treatment patterns of a small population of Chinese female breast cancerpatients was studeied in order to provide a theoretical basis and statistical reference for further nationwideresearch. We included 484 pathologically confirmed female primary breast cancer inpatients of the FirstAffiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University from February 2003 to January 2004. Allcases were reviewed and relevant information was collected using a designed case report form (CRF). Chisquaretests, rank-sum tests, and Fisher’s exact tests were used in the analysis. Our analysis showed that: (1)women in different occupation groups had significant differences in tumor size, pre-operative mammography,surgical options, post-operative estrogen receptor (ER), progestin receptor (PR) and human epidermal growthfactor receptor 2 (Her2) status, and post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy (P < 0.05); and (2) womenwith different education levels had statistically significant differences in tumor size, post-operative ER, PR andHer2 status, and post-operative chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy (P < 0.05). In Xi’an, China,women in low-income occupations or with low education levels are more likely to have advanced tumor stagesat presentation, lower implementation rate of clinical breast examination, and less treatment.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27315_8b9ea80815725f173ccb6fadfaba062c.pdf
breast cancer
Occupation
education
clinicopathologic characteristics
CBE
treatment patterns
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
275
279
27316
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Objectives: A number of studies have shown that chronic hepatitis B virus infection is implicated insusceptibility to pancreatic cancer. However, the results are still controversial. This meta-analysis aimed toquantitatively assess the relationship between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and incidence of pancreaticcancer of cohort and case-control studies. Methods: A literature search was performed for entries from 1990 to2012 using PUBMED and EMBASE. Studies were included if they reported odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding95% CIs of pancreatic cancer with respect to the infection of hepatitis B virus. Results: Eight studies met theinclusion criteria, which included five case-control studies and three cohort studies. Compared with individualswho have not infection of hepatitis B virus, the pooled OR of pancreatic cancer was 1.403 (95%CI: 1.139-1.729,P=0.001) for patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Sub-group analysis by study design showed that thesummary OR was 1.43 (95%CI: 1.06-1.94, P=0.021) when pooling case-control studies and 1.31 (95%CI: 1.00-1.72, P=0.05) when pooling cohort studies. Conclusion: Findings from this meta-analysis suggest that chronichepatitis B virus infection may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. This relationship needs to be confirmedby further follow-up studies.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27316_aea89645aba673f4a287027c8921b709.pdf
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Pancreatic cancer
cohort study
Case-control study
Meta-analysis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
281
285
27317
Effects of FasL Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Cancer
Purpose: To probe the role of FasL in cell apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Methods:The expression of Fas/FasL was assessed in 10 cases of normal oral epithelium, 38 cases of OSCC and tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and 11 cases of metastatic lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosisof tumor cells and TIL was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick endlabeling assay (TUNEL). FasL-induction of T cell apoptosis was tested by co-culture assay in vitro with SCC-9and Jurkat T cells. Results: The 10 cases of normal oral epithelium all demonstrated extensive expression of Fas,the positive rate being largely down-regulated in OSCC (21/38) (P<0.05) compared to the normal (10/10). At thesame time, the positive rate of FasL significantly increased in OSCC (P<0.05) especially those with lymph nodemetastasis (P<0.05). The positive rates of Fas in well and middle differentiated OSCC were higher than thosein poor differentiated OSCC (P<0.05). The AI of tumor cells in Fas-positive OSCC was remarkably higher thanthat in Fas-negative OSCC (P<0.01), with a positive correlation between Fas expression and cell differentiationas well as apoptosis (r=0.68, P<0.01). The AI of tumor cells in FasL positive OSCC was remarkably lower thanthat in control while the AI of TIL was higher than in FasL negative OSCC (P< 0.05). The AI of tumor cellsreversely correlated with that of TIL (r = -0. 72, P<0.05). It was found that SCC-9 cells expressing functionalFasL could induce apoptosis of Jurkat cells as demonstrated by co-culture assays. As a conclusion, it is evidentthat OSCC cells expressing FasL can induce apoptosis in Fas-expressing T cells. Conclusions: In progression ofOSCC, expression of the Fas/FasL changes significantly. The results suggest that FasL is a mediator of immuneprivilege in OSCC and may serve as an marker for predicting malignant change in oral tissues.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27317_aef88579eeadf1b67640386c037a7873.pdf
Oral SCC
lymphatic metastasis
FASL
Fas
Apoptosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
287
292
27318
Low Expression of Tyrosine-protein Phosphatase Nonreceptor Type 12 is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis and Poor Prognosis in Operable Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Background: Low tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 12 (PTPN12) expression may be associatedwith breast cancer growth, proliferation, and metastasis. However, the prognostic value of PTPN12 in breastcancer has not been clearly identified. Patients and Methods: 51 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patientsand 83 non-TNBC patients with a histopathology diagnosis from October 2001 to September 2006 were includedin this study. Immunohistochemical staining for PTPN12 on tissue microarrays was conducted. Results: HighPTPN12 expression was seen in 39.2% of TNBC and 60.2 % of non-TNBC cases. Low PTPN12 expressionwas associated with lymph node status (p = 0.002) and distant metastatic relapse (p = 0.002) in TNBC patients.Similarly, low PTPN12 expression in non-TNBC patients was significantly correlated with lymph node status(p = 0.002), stage (p = 0.002) and distant metastatic relapse (p = 0.039). The high PTPN12 expression group wasassociated with longer DFS and OS compared with low PTPN12 expression group only in TNBC cases (p =0.005, p = 0.015), according to univariate Cox regression analysis. Conclusion: These findings provide evidencethat low expression of PTPN12 is associated with worse prognosis and may be used as a potential prognosticbiomarker in TNBC patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27318_091c4ccd833e45986aa7cf2104c7c59b.pdf
breast cancer
Triple-negative breast cancer
PTPN12
immunohistochemistry
Prognosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
293
297
27319
Predictive Value of Baseline Plasma D-dimers for Chemotherapyinduced Thrombocytopenia in Patients with Stage III Colon Cancer: A Pilot Study
Background: : Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is an important cause of morbitity inpatients with cancer. Aim: To investigate the effect of the baseline plasma D-dimer level, an important markerfor thrombotic activity, on chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with stage III colon cancer.Materials and Methods: A total of 43 (28 men) eligible patients were divided into two groups according to whetherthey exhibited chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia: Group 1 (n=21) and Group 2 (n=22). Comparisonwas made using demographic, histopathologic, and laboratory variables. Additionally, baseline plasma D-dimerlevels underwent receiver operation characteristics curve analysis, and areas under the curve were calculated.Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood rates were then determined. Results: The incidenceof chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia had a significant correlation with baseline platelet count (r=0.568,P=0.031) and baseline plasma D-dimer levels (r=0.617, P=0.036). When the cut-off point for the latter was set as498 ng/mL, the area under the curve was 0.89 (95%CI: 0.74-0.93), the sensitivity was 91.4%, the specificity was89.7%, the positive likelihood rate was 3.64 and the negative likelihood rate was 0.24 for chemotherapy-inducedthrombocytopenia diagnosis. Conclusions: The baseline level of plasma D-dimer could help to differentiate highriskpatients for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27319_ed97ef85fff2c50fa2181729f22418fd.pdf
thrombocytopenia
plasma D-dimer
chemotherapy-related toxicity
predictive value
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
299
302
27320
Diet Folate, DNA Methylation and Polymorphisms in Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in Association with the Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been reported to be associated with DNA methylation, anepigenetic feature frequently found in gastric cancer. We conducted a case-control study to explore the associationof MTHFR C677T polymorphisms with gastric cancer risk and its relation with the DNA methylation of COX-2,MGMT, and hMLH1 genes. Genotyping of P16, MGMT and HMLH1 was determined by methylation-specificPCR after sodium bisulfate modification of DNA, and genotyping of MTHFR C677T was conducted by TaqManassays using the ABI Prism 7911HT Sequence Detection System. Folate intake was calculated with the aid ofa questionnaire. Compared with the MTHFR 677CC genotype, the TT genotype was significantly associatedwith 2.08 fold risk of gastric cancer when adjusting for potential risk factors. Individuals who had an intakeof folate above 310 μg/day showed protective effects against gastric cancer risk. The effect of MTHFR C677Tpolymorphisms on the risk of gastric cancer was modified by folate intake and methylation status of MGMT (Pfor interaction <0.05).
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27320_fddc61b07f7843292051c8173013320f.pdf
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
DNA Methylation
folate intake
gastric cancer risk
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
303
308
27321
Gender Differences in Responses towards Anti-Smoking Messages and Policy Implementation among Future Doctors in Malaysia
Background: Medical students’ views may provide some direction for future policy considerations. Aim:The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in future doctors’ receptiveness to currently implementedanti-smoking messages and the effectiveness of those messages. Materials and Methods: We administereda questionnaire to all students at a medical university in Malaysia, asking how frequently they noted antismokingpolicies, anti-smoking campaigns, and anti-smoking messages in schools. In addition, the questionnaireinvestigated most effective methods to convey these messages. Results: A total of 522 (59.7%) students responded.Students were least likely to approve of total bans on cigarettes and increasing the price of cigarettes, and mostlikely to approve of bans on use of cigarettes in public places and sales to individuals less than 16 years old.Approval of total bans on cigarettes was more common in female students than in males OR=0.39 (95%CI: 0.18-0.86). Furthermore, compared to the female students, the male students thought that printed media; OR=2.32(95%CI: 1.31-4.10), radio; OR=1.93 (95%CI: 1.15-3.22) and the internet; OR=1.96 (95%CI: 1.15-3.33) werevery effective at delivering anti-smoking messages. Conclusions: Gender differences existed in the future doctors’perception of the effectiveness of anti-smoking initiatives. Taking this gender difference into account may increasethe receipt of anti-smoking messages in adolescents
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27321_34094484f06cbd4f860dcc4b5f162c01.pdf
cigarette
health policy
media exposure
Medical students
Malaysia
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
309
314
27322
Exosomes from Murine-derived GL26 Cells Promote Glioblastoma Tumor Growth by Reducing Number and Function of CD8+T Cells
Aim: Brain tumors almost universally have fatal outcomes; new therapeutics are desperately needed andwill only come from improved understandins of glioma biology. Methods: Exosomes are endosomally derived30~100 nm membranous vesicles released from many cell types. Examples from GL26 cells were here purifiedusing density gradient ultracentrifugation and monitored for effects on GL26 tumor growth in C57BL/6j mice(H-2b). Lactate dehydrogenase release assays were used to detect the cytotoxic activity of CD8+T and NK cells.Percentages of immune cells producing intracellular cytokines were analyzed by FACS. Results: In this study,exosomes from murine-derived GL26 cells significantly promoted in vivo tumor growth in GL26-bearing B6mice. Then we further analyzed the effects of the GL26 cells-derived exosomes on immune cells including CD8+T,CD4+T and NK cells. Inhibition of CD8+T cell cytotoxic activity was demonstrated by CD8+T cell depletionassays in vivo and LDH release assays in vitro. The treatment of mice with exosomes also led to a reduction inthe percentages of CD8+T cells in splenocytes as determined by FACS analysis. Key features of CD8+T cellactivity were inhibited, including release of IFN-gamma and granzyme B. There were no effects of exosomeson CD4+T cells and NK cells. Conclusion: Based on our data, for the first time we demonstrated that exosomesfrom murine derived GL26 cells promote the tumor growth by inhibition of CD8+T cells in vivo and thus maybe a potential therapeutic target.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27322_63b17b525ab52875b69687967373981f.pdf
Glioblastoma tumor
exosomes
tumor growth
Cytotoxic activity
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
315
320
27323
TGF-β-activated Kinase-1: A Potential Prognostic Marker for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Background: TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) has been found to be over-expressed in a variety of solidmalignancies and related to tumor growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression level of TAK1in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and assess its value as a novel prognostic marker. Methods: TAK1mRNA was assessed in 51 paired ccRCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues (ADTs) by real-time PCR. TissueTAK1 protein was also assessed in 91 ADTs and 177 samples of ccRCC immunohistochemically for evaluationof relationships with clinical characteristics. Results: RT-PCR showed that TAK1 RNA level was significantlyhigher in ccRCC tissues than in the paired ADTs and immunohistochemistry confirmed higher expression ofTAK1 protein in ccRCC samples compared with ADTs. TAK1 protein expression in 177 ccRCC samples wassignificantly correlated with T stage, N classification, metastasis, recurrence and Fuhrman grade, but not ageand gender. Patients with low TAK1 levels had a better survival outcome. TAK1 expression and N stage wereindependent prognosis factors for the overall survival of ccRCC patients. Conclusions: Overexpression of TAK1predicts a poor prognosis in patients with ccRCC, so that TAK1 may serve as a novel prognostic marker.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27323_6f8153c24b9864d2a7bdaf4e83cac654.pdf
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
TAK1
Tumorigenesis
Prognosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
321
324
27324
Survival Rate of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Patients after Surgical Treatment in Thailand
Background: Intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common cancer in Thailand,especially in the northeast region. Most extrahepatic CCA patients consult a doctor at a late stage. Surgery isstill the best treatment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate survival rates and factors affectingsurvival in extrahepatic CCA patients following surgery at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 58 patients who were diagnosed andtreated by surgical resection by the same surgeon at Srinagarind Hospital between 2005 and 2009. The patientswere followed up until death or the end of the study (31 December, 2011). Survival rates were calculated by theKaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify independent prognosticfactors. Results: The total follow-up time was 1,215 person-months, and the mortality rate was 50 per 100person-years. The cumulative 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 62.1%, 21.7% and 10.8%, respectively. Themedian survival time after resection was 15 months. After adjusting for age, gender, lymph node metastasis andhistological type, resection margin remained as a statistically significant prognostic factor for survival followingsurgery. A positive resection margin was associated with a 2.3-fold higher mortality rate than a negative margin.Conclusions: Resection margins are important prognostic factors affecting survival of extrahepatic CCA patientsafter surgery. A negative resection margin can reduce the mortality rate by 56%.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27324_daf18507cefb3eae197c7fce01cd4dfd.pdf
extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
surgical treatment
survival rate
Thailand
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
325
327
27325
Significance of HCG to Distinguish Parathyroid Carcinoma from Benign Disease and in Adding Prognostic Information: A Hospital Based Study from Nepal
Objective: To differentiate between benign and malignant hyperparathyroidism on the basis of excretionof HCG and its malignant isoforms in urine. Materials and Methods: This hospital based study was carriedout using data retrieved from the register maintained in Manipal Teaching Hospital from 1st January, 2008and 31st August, 2012. The variables collected were urinary HCG and HCG malignant isoform, calcium andparathyroid hormone. Preceding the study, approval was obtained from the institutional research ethicalcommittee. Analysis was by descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis. A p-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) wasused to establish statistical significance. Results: Out of the 20 cases, 10 were primary hyperparathyroidismand the remainder were parathyroid carcinomas. The urinary HCG 6.1±0.6 fmol/mgCr was with in normalrange in benign hyperthyroidism but was markedly elevated in three cases of malignant hyperparathyroidism(maximum value of excretion in urine for HCG was 2323 fmol/mgCr). The excretion of malignant isoform ofHCG in urine was 0 in benign hyperparathyroidsm and in four cases of malignant hyperparathyroidism whichfell into the category of persistantly low HCG. The maximum excretion of the malignant isoform of HCG inurine was 1.8, in the category of very high HCG. Calcium and parathyroid hormone were mildly raised in benignparathyroidism, while parathyroid hormone was markedly elevated in cases of malignant hyperparathyroidismfalling into the category of very high HCG. Conclusions: The excretion of urinary HCG in urine has the abilityto distinguish between parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas and thus has potential to become a marker ofdisease progression in malignant parathyroid disease.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27325_155bfd8a780c57bc8a6a9df64e4499bd.pdf
hCG
parathyroid carcinoma
Prognostic factor
Nepal
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
329
332
27326
Somatic Mutations of K-Ras and BRAF in Thai Colorectal Cancer and their Prognostic Value
Background: The study aimed to determine the incidence of K-ras and BRAF mutations in colorectal cancers(CRCs) in Thai patients and evaluate association with clinicopathological parameters including treatmentoutcomes in terms of event free survival (EFS). Materials and Methods: Two-hundred colorectal cancer specimenswere collected for studies of K-Ras codon 12, 13 and 61, and BRAF codon 600 by polymerase chain reaction anddirect nucleotide sequencing. Results: The overall incidence of K-Ras mutations in our patients was 23%. K-rasmutation frequencies in CRC stages (AJCC) I, II, III and IV were 6.7%, 16.1%, 23.3% and 26.6%, respectively(p-value>0.05). The three most common mutation forms were G12D, G12V and G13D. K-Ras mutation status wasassociated with poorer EFS in stage I-III CRCs (p-value 0.03). Conclusions: The study found a lower mutationfrequency of K-Ras and BRAF compared to reports involving other ethnic groups. However, K-Ras mutationsdid have a negative prognostic value in early-stage CRCs.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27326_651e1ecd9bf73fbb7430ff31c373893d.pdf
colorectal cancer
K-ras
BRAF
prognostic significance
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
333
340
27327
Promoting Attendance at Cervical Cancer Screening: Understanding the Relationship with Turkish Womens’ Health Beliefs
Background: The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between ‘Health Belief Model Scale forCervical Cancer and the Pap Smear Test’ subscale scores and demographic/gyneco-obstetric characteristics.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 256 women. Data were obtained usingthe ‘Demographic and Gyneco-Obstetric Identification Form’ and the ‘Health Belief Model Scale for CervicalCancer and the Pap Smear Test. Results: The percentage of women who had heard about the Pap test was 77.7whereas only 32.4% had actually undergone the test. Some 45.7% of the women stated that they did not knowthe reason for having a Pap test. Women who had obtained a Pap smear test had statistically significantly fewerperceived barriers than those who had never had (p<0.05). Scores with regard to the subscales including ‘Benefitsof Pap Smear Tests and Health Motivation’, ‘Perceived Seriousness of Cervical Cancer’, ‘Susceptibility to CervicalCancer’ and ‘Cervical Cancer Health Motivation’ did not differ with demographic/gyneco-obstetric characteristicssuch as womens’ educational level, whether or not young age at first marriage, whether or not having familyhistory of female cancer, and whether or not having had a Pap test (p>0.05). Conclusions: Increasing knowledgeabout benefits of Pap smear tests, increasing motivation to obtain Pap Smear Test and increasing perceivedseriousness of cervical cancer could promote attendance at cervical cancer screening. Different strategies areneeded for behavioural change. Implementation of educational programmes by nurses in a busy environmentcould result in a major clinical change, based on the findings of this study.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27327_8301f497bd05eddfcffaab247ae5a9a6.pdf
cervical cancer
cervical cancer screening
health belief
Pap smear test
Turkish women
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
341
346
27328
Polymorphisms in TP53 (rs1042522), p16 (rs11515 and rs3088440) and NQO1 (rs1800566) Genes in Thai Cervical Cancer Patients with HPV 16 Infection
The risk of cervical cancer development in women infected with HPV varies in relation to the individual host’sgenetic makeup. Many studies on polymorphisms as genetic factors have been aimed at analyzing associations withcervical cancer. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 3 genes were investigated in relation tocervical cancer progression in HPV16 infected women with lesions. Two thousand cervical specimens were typedby PCR sequencing methods for TP53 (rs1042522), p16 (rs11515 and rs3088440) and NQO1 (rs1800566). Ninetytwo HPV16 positive cases and thirty two normal cases were randomly selected. Analysis of TP53 (rs1042522)showed a significantly higher frequency in cancer samples (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.004-1.481, p-value=0.016) whiledifferences in frequency were not significant within each group (p-value=0.070). The genotype distributions ofp16 (rs11515 and rs3088440) and NQO1 (rs1800566) did not show any significantly higher frequency in cancersamples (p-value=0.106, 0.675 and 0.132, respectively) or within each group (p-value=0.347, 0.939 and 0.111,respectively). The results indicated that the polymorphism in TP53 (rs1042522) might be associated with riskof cervical cancer development in HPV16 infected women. Further studies of possible mechanisms of influenceon cervical cancer development would be useful to manage HPV infected patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27328_33d60eec5fb6d194461d122abae62d0d.pdf
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Tp53
P16
NQO1
human papillomavirus
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
347
350
27329
Effects of Allogeneic Blood Transfusion in Patients with Stage II Colon Cancer
The aim of the present study was to determine whether allogeneic red blood cell transfusions showed adeleterious effect and what might be preoperative risk factors for blood transfusion in patients with TNM stageII colon cancer. Total 470 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected for a further 10-year followupstudy. We found that there were statistical significance between non-transfused and transfused group inmortality (P=0.018), local recurrence (P=0.000) and distant metastasis (P=0.040). Local recurrence and distantmetastasis between 1 to 3 units and more than 3 units group did not show any significant differences. There wasno difference in survival rate between non-transfused and 1 to 3 units group (log rank =0.031, P=0.860). Thedifference between different blood transfusion volume in transfused patients was found (78.77% vs 63.83%,P=0.006). Meanwhile, the significant difference of survival rate was existed between non-transfused group andmore than 3 units group (84.83% vs 63.83%, P=0.002 ). Univariate analysis showed the following 3 variablesto be associated with an increased risk of allogeneic blood transfusions: preoperative CEA level (P<0.05),location of tumor (P<0.01) and diameter of tumor (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that location of tumorand diameter of tumor are two independent factors for requirement of perioperative transfusions. Therefore,allogeneic transfusion increase the postoperative tumor mortality, local recurrence and distant metastasis inpatients with stage II colon cancer. The postoperative tumor mortality, local recurrence and distant metastasiswere not associated with the blood transfusion volume. The blood transfusion volume was associated with thesurvival rate. Location of tumor and diameter of tumor were the independent preoperative risk factors for bloodtransfusion.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27329_45cc0a5b9bae2796541cee4fca104ded.pdf
Colon cancer
Blood transfusion
local recurrence
distant metastasis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
351
354
27330
Clinical Impact and Reliability of Carbonic Anhydrase XII in the Differentiation of Malignant and Tuberculous Pleural Effusions
Objective: To assess the practical utility of pleural fluid carbonic anhydrase XII (CAXII) quantification fordifferential diagnosis of effusions. Materials and Methods: Fluid was collected prospectively from fifty patientspresenting with lymphocytic pleural effusions for investigation and CAXII was quantified by ELISA. Results:Pleural fluid CAXII concentrations were significantly higher in lung cancer patients (n=30) than in tuberculouscontrols (n=20). The sensitivity and specificity of this biomarker were 60%and 75%, respectively. CAXIImeasurement was not inferior to cytological examination in the diagnosis and exclusion of pleural effusionsfrom lung cancer patitents (sensitivity 60% vs. 57%; specificity 75% vs. 100%; positive predictive value 77%;negative predictive value 54%). In patients with negative cytology, it offered a sensitivity of 54%. Conclusions:Pleural fluid CAXII is elevated in pleural effusions from lung cancer patients. Measurement of CAXII may beused in the future as a valuable adjunct to cytology in the diagnostic assessment of patients with pleural effusionsrelated to lung cancer, especially when cytological examination is inconclusive.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27330_13b2632796cf099254489fa23ae1cb02.pdf
Carbonic anhydrase XII
Lung cancer
Tuberculosis
Pleural Effusion
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
355
358
27331
Implication of Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Genes in Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
XRCC1 genetic polymorphisms could be associated with increased risk of various cancer, includinghepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the fifth most common cancer. We here conducted a study to explore the roleof selective SNPs of the XRCC1 and XPD genes in the prognosis of HCC. A total of 231 cases were collected, andgenotyping of XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XPD Lys751Gln and XPD Asp312Asn was performedby duplex polymerase-chain-reaction with the confronting-two-pair primer method. Our findings indicatedXRCC1 399Gln/Gln genotype was associated with a significant difference in the median survival time comparedwith patients carrying Arg/Trp and Arg/Arg genotypes, and individuals with XPD 751 Gln/ Gln genotype had asignificantly greater survival time than patients carrying Lys/Lys and Lys/Gln genotypes. The Cox’s regressionanalysis showed individuals carrying XRCC1 399Trp/Trp genotype had 0.55 fold risk of death from HCC thanArg/Arg genotype. Similarly, XPD 751Gln/Gln had a strong decreasein comparison to XPD Lys/Lys carriers withan HR of 0.34. These results suggest that polymorphisms in XRCC1 and XPD may have functional significancein the prognosis of HCC.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27331_50b63c674adc5eca6faf5989a57f4518.pdf
XRCC1
XPD
Polymorphism
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Prognosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
359
365
27332
Tax is Involved in Up-regulation of HMGB1 Expression Levels by Interaction with C/EBP
The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a multifunctional cytokine-like molecule that plays animportant role in the pathogenesis of tumors. In this study, real-time polymerase chain reactions and Western blotassays indicated that HMGB1 transcriptional activity and protein level are increased in Tax+-T cells (TaxP). Toclarify the mechanisms, a series of HMGB1 deletion reporter plasmids (pHLuc1 to pHLuc6) were transfected intoTax--T cells (TaxN, Jurkat) and Tax+-T cells (TaxP). We found that promoter activity in Tax+-T cells to be higherthan that in Tax--T cells, indicating a significant increase in pHLuc6. Bay11-7082 (NF-κB inhibitor) treatmentdid not block the enhancing effect. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Tax was retained ona HMGB1 promoter fragment encompassing -1163 to -975. Bioinformatics analysis showed six characteristiccis-elements for CdxA, AP-1, AML-1a, USF, v-Myb, and C/EBP in the fragment in question. Mutation of ciselementsfor C/EBP reduced significant HMGB1 promoter activity induced by Tax. These findings indicate thatTax enhances the expression of HMGB1 gene at the transcriptional level, possibly by interacting with C/EBP.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27332_293dd61ddb7f48f0846594846fb2eb6c.pdf
Human HMGB1 promoter
tax
transcriptional regulation
C/EBP
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
367
372
27333
Proteomics Analysis of Gastric Epithelial AGS Cells Infected with Epstein-Barr Virus
Effects of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) on cellular protein expression are essential for viral pathogenesis. Tocharacterize the cellular response to EBV infection, differential proteomes of gastric epithelial AGS cellswereanalyzed with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionizationtimeof flight (MALDI-TOF) and liquid chromatography electrospray/ionization ion trap (LC–ESI–IT) massspectrometry identification. Mass spectrometry identified 9 altered cellular proteins, including 5 up-regulatedand 4 down-regulated proteins after EBV infection. Notably 2-DE analysis revealed that EBV infection inducedincreased expression of heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, actin cytoplasmic 1, pyridoxine-5’-phosphate oxidase,caspase 9, and t-complex protein 1 subunit alpha. In addition, EBV infection considerably suppressed thosecellular proteins of zinc finger protein 2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, macrophage-capping protein, and growth/differentiation factor 11. Furthermore, the differential expressional levels of partial proteins (cyclin-dependentkinase 2 and caspase 9) were confirmed by Western blot analysis.Thus, this work effectively provided usefulprotein-related information to facilitate further investigation of the mechanisms underlying EBV infection andpathogenesis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27333_7957f05d6e05f6b7c34db345a7d018e7.pdf
Epstein-Barr Virus
gastric epithelial cells
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
Mass spectrometry
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
373
379
27334
Employment Status and Work-Related Difficulties among Family Members of Terminally Ill Patients Compared with the General Population
Background: Although caregiving to patients with terminal illness is known to be a stressful burdento family members, little attention has been focused on work-related problems. We aimed to investigateemployment status and work-related difficulties of family caregivers of terminal cancer patients, comparingwith the general population. Methods: Using structured questionnaires, we assessed family caregivers of481 cancer patients determined by physicians to be terminally ill, from 11 university hospitals and theNational Cancer Center in Korea. Results: Among 381 family caregivers of terminal cancer patients(response rate, 87.6%), 169 (43.9%) were not working before cancer diagnosis, but currently 233 (63.7%)were not working. Compared with the general population (36.5%), the percentage of not working amongthe family caregivers was higher (OR=2.39; 95%CI= 1.73-3.29). A major reason for not working was toprovide assistance to the patients (71.6%). 40.6% of those who continued working and 32.3% of thosewho not working family members reported extreme fatigue. Caregivers of old age, those who were female,those with a lower household income, and those caring for patients with a low performance status were notworking at a more significant rate. Conclusion: Family caregivers of terminal cancer patients suffer job lossand severe work-related difficulties, probably due to caregiving itself and to fatigue. We need to developsupportive programs to overcome the burden of caregivers of the terminally ill.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27334_190f968ed9a03e11923323b57a6eaa7b.pdf
Terminal cancer patient
caregiver
employment status
work-related difficulty
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
381
386
27335
Impact of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Cycles on Prognosis of Resectable Stomach Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy cycles on the prognosisof patients with post-operative stomach cancer through retrospective analysis. Methods: A total of 128 patientswith gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of epirubicin,cisplatin or oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and 5-fluorouracil, according to a defined schedule, were divided into threegroups according to the number of chemotherapy cycles: Group I (<6 cycles); Group II (6 cycles); and GroupIII (>6 cycles). Results: The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 20.8% in Group I, 45.0% in Group II, and 42.9%in Group III, with a median follow-up of 43 months. The 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) was 15.1% in GroupI, 40% in Group II, and 40% in Group III. The OS and RFS in Groups II and III were significantly betterthan in Group I (OS, p = 0.002 and p=0.003; RFS, P<0.001 and P=0.002). There was no difference in OS (p =0.970) or in RFS (p = 0.722) between Groups II and III. Multivariate Cox hazard analysis determined that thenumber of adjuvant chemotherapy cycles was an independent factor that influenced OS and RFS. Conclusion:Six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy gave encouraging outcomes in patients with resectable gastric cancer.Further prospective randomized controlled investigations are warranted in a multi-center setting.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27335_fee6ccca3fbbdfae916f64b9d910e493.pdf
Adjuvant chemotherapy
stomach cancer
Gastrectomy
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
387
392
27336
Let-7c Inhibits NSCLC Cell Proliferation by Targeting HOXA1
Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore mechanisms by which let-7c suppresses NSCLC cellproliferation. Methods: The expression level of let-7c was quantified by qRT-PCR. A549 and H1299 cells weretransfected with let-7c mimics to restore the expression of let-7c. The effects of let-7c were then assessed by cellproliferation, colony formation and cell cycle assay. Mouse experiments were used to confirm the effect of let-7con tumorigenicity in vivo. Luciferase reporter assays and Western blotting were performed to identify targetgenes for let-7c. Results: HOXA1 was identified as a novel target of let-7c. MTS, colony formation and flowcytometry assays demonstrated that forced expression of let-7c inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation by inducingG1 arrest in vitro, consistent with inhibitory effects induced by knockdown of HOXA1. Mouse experimentsdemonstrated that let-7c expression suppressed tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we found that let-7c could regulatethe expression of HOXA1 downstream effectors CCND1, CDC25A and CDK2. Conclusions: Collectively, theseresults demonstrate let-7c inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by partial direct targeting ofthe HOXA1 pathway, which suggests that restoration of let-7c expression may thus offer a potential therapeuticintervention strategy for NSCLC.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27336_9b8e5279f2ca3fcdb18c34a313340678.pdf
Let-7c
NSCLC
HOXA1
G1 arrest
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
393
398
27337
Genetic Polymorphisms of Glutathione S-transferase M1 and Prostate Cancer Risk in Asians: A Meta-analysis of 18 Studies
Background: Many studies have investigated associations between the glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1)null polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer, but the impact of GSTM1 in people who live in Asian countries isstill unclear owing to inconsistencies across results. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus,Ovid and CNKI databases for studies of associations between the GSTM1 null genotype and risk of prostatecancer in people who live in Asian countries, and estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidenceintervals (95% CIs). Results: A total of 18 case-control studies with 2,172 cases and 3,258 controls were includedin this meta-analysis, which showed the GSTM1 null genotype to be significantly associated with increased riskof prostate cancer in people who live in Asian countries (random-effects OR=1.74, 95% CI1.44-2.09, P<0.001).Similar results were found in East Asians (OR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.12–1.78; P=0.004) and Caucasians in Asia(OR=2.19; 95% CI: 1.85-2.60; P<0.001). No evidence of publication bias was observed. Conclusions: This metaanalysisof available data suggested that the GSTM1 null genotype does contribute to increased risk of prostatecancer in people who live in Asian countries.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27337_0199270ce6dd1c5e64944e8a6f9f5590.pdf
Glutathione-S-transferase M1
Prostate Cancer
gene polymorphism
Meta-analysis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
399
403
26710
The miR-146a rs2910164 G > C Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Digestive Cancer in Chinese
Background: Several studies have reported the role of the miR-146a rs2910164 G > C polymorphism as asusceptibility factor for several digestive cancers. However, the results have been controversial. Therefore, weconducted the present meta-analysis to obtain the most reliable estimate of the association. Methods: PubMed,Embase and Web of Science databases were searched. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were extracted and pooled to assess the strength of the association between miR-146a rs2910164 G > Cpolymorphism and digestive cancer risk. A total of four eligible studies including 3,447 cases and 5,041 controlsbased on the search criteria were included. Results: We observed that miR-146a rs2910164 G > C polymorphismwas not significantly correlated with digestive cancer risks when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis.While we found that miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism was not associated with gastric cancer, it was significantlylinked with hepatocellular cancer risk (the homozygote codominant model: OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.04-1.87). Inthe stratified analysis by ethnicity, significant associations were observed in Chinese population for the allelecontrast model (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.12-1.38), for the homozygote codominant model (OR = 1.62; 95% CI= 1.28-2.04), and for the recessive model (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.16-1.64). However, studies with Asian groupspresented no significant association for all genetic models. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that themiR-146a rs2910164 G > C polymorphism is a low-penetrant risk factor for digestive cancers in Chinese.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26710_1e85ffb03aa2c617333374a5fabb914c.pdf
MicroRNAs
genetic polymorphisms
Mutation
risk
Meta-analysis
Chinese
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
405
408
26711
Knockdown of Bcl-3 Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces DNA Damage in HTLV-1-infected Cells)
Oncoprotein Bcl-3 is perceived as an unusual member of IκB family since it can both stimulate and suppressNF-κB activation. Aberrant Bcl-3 results in increased cell proliferation and survival, suggesting a contributionto malignant potential and elevated levels of Bcl-3 have been observed in many HTLV-1-infected T cell lines andATL cells. To investigate the specific roles of Bcl-3 in HTLV-1-infected cells, we knocked down Bcl-3 expressionusing shRNA and then examined the consequences with regard to DNA damage and cell proliferation, as wellas NF-κB activation. The HTLV-1 encoded protein Tax promotes Bcl-3 expression and nuclear translocation.In HTLV-1-infected cells, Bcl-3 knockdown obviously induced DNA damage. Cell growth and NF-κB activationwere reduced in HTLV-1-infected or Tax positive cells when Bcl-3 expression was decreased. Together, our resultsrevealed positive roles of Bcl-3 in DNA stabilization, growth and NF-κB activation in HTLV-1-infected cells.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26711_e5cb98ad8d4dd56c956d8934d4d826e4.pdf
Bcl-3
HTLV-1
DNA damage
NF-κB activation
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
409
412
26712
In Vivo Evaluation of Curcumin-loaded Nanoparticles in a A549 Xenograft Mice Model
Curcumin (Cum) has been reported to have potential chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic activitythrough influencing various processes, inducing cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis in a series ofcancers. However, the poor solubility of Cum limits its further applications in the treatment of cancer. We havepreviously reported Cum-loaded nanoparticles (Cum-NPs) prepared with amphilic methoxy poly(ethyleneglycol)-polycaprolactone (mPEG–PCL) block copolymers. The current study demonstrated superior antitumorefficacy of Cum-NPs over free Cum in the treatment of lung cancer. In vivo evaluation further demonstratedsuperior anticancer effects of Cum-NPs by delaying tumor growth compared to free Cum in an established A549transplanted mice model. Moreover, Cum-NPs showed little toxicity to normal tissues including bone marrow,liver and kidney at a therapeutic dose. These results suggest that Cum-NPs are effective to inhibit the growthof human lung cancer with little toxicity to normal tissues, and could provide a clinically useful therapeuticregimen. They thus merit more research to evaluate the feasibility of clinical application.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26712_76e2ca398838605caa2c3ba6ef66264b.pdf
curcumin
Nanoparticle
in vivo
Lung cancer
antitumor efficacy
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
413
417
27338
Phase II Trial of Loubo® (Lobaplatin) and Pemetrexed for Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer not Responding to Anthracycline or Taxanes
Purpose: This phase II study was undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of Loubo® (Lobaplatin)in combination with pemetrexed in treating patients with metastatic breast cancer who failed to respond toanthracycline or taxanes. Patients and Methods: Metastatic breast cancer cases who had previously received ananthracycline and a taxane in either adjuvant or metastatic settings, were enrolled. All patients were recruitedfrom Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, and were treated with Loubo® (Lobaplatin) 35 mg/m2(intravenous; on day 1) and pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 (intravenous; on day 1) every 21 days. Efficacy and sideeffects were evaluated after at least two cycles of chemotherapy. Results: All eligible 19 patients completed atleast 2 cycles of chemotherapy with pemetrexed and lobaplatin, and were evaluable. Overall, 3 (15.8%) patientsachieved partial response, 11 (57.9%) stable disease, 5 (26.3%) progression of disease, with no complete remission.Response rate was 15.8%, disease control rate was 42.1%. The median survival time was 10.3 months. Neutrophilsuppression occurred in 36.8% of patients who had grade 2 toxicity, and 26.3% had grade 3, 26.4% had grade4. Thrombocytopenia was encountered as follows: 21.1% grade 2, 15.8% grade 3 and 5.5% grade 4. Incidencesof anemia were 10.5% in grade 2, 5.3% grade 3 and 0% grade 4. Only 5.3% of patients required packed redblood cell transfusion. Grade 3 digestive tract toxicity occurred in 5.5% of patients. Other toxicities includedelevated transaminase,oral mucositis and skin rashes. Conclusions: The regimen of lobaplatin and pemetrexed ismodestly active in metastatic breast cancer patients who failed anthracycline or taxanes, and the toxicity profilesuggesting that the doses of chemotherapy should be further modified.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27338_4e216c6aabd996690ded3b18a8db8300.pdf
Clinical trial
Pemetrexed
lobaplatin
Metastatic breast cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
419
422
27339
Prognostic Impact of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E and P53 on Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours
Conventional classifications of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP- NETs) are ratherunsatisfactory because of the variation in survival within each subgroup. Molecular markers are being foundable to predict patient outcome in more and more tumours. The aim of this study was to characterize theexpression of the proteins cyclin D1, cyclin E and P53 in GEP- NETs and assess any prognostic impact. Tumorspecimens from 68 patients with a complete follow-up were studied immunohistochemically for cyclin D1, cyclinE and P53 expression. High cyclin D1 and cyclin E immunostaining (≥ 5% positive nuclei) was found in 48(71%) and 24 (35%) cases, and high P53 staining (≥ 10% positive nuclei) in 33 (49%) . High expression of P53was more common in gastric neuroendocrine tumors and related to malignant behavior, being associate with aworse prognosis on univariate analysis (RR=1.9, 95%CI=1.1-3.2). High expression of cyclin E was significantlyassociated with shorter survival in the univariate analysis (RR=2.0, 95%CI=1.2-3.6) and multivariate analysis(RR=2.1, 95%CI=1.1-4.0). We found no significant correlation between the expression of cyclin D1 and anyclinicopathological variables. Our study indicated a prognostic relevance for cyclin E and P53 immunoreactivity.Cyclin E may be an independent prognostic factor from the 2010 WHO Classification which should be evaluatedin further studies.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27339_ef9fd74a611f6779923d560dc6b38ad2.pdf
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
immunohistochemistry
Cyclin D1
cyclin E
p53
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
423
427
27340
Low-Dose Docetaxel/Cisplatin - Leucovorin and 46 Hour Infusional Fluorouracil in Metastatic Gastric Carcinoma
Background: Phase II and III trials of docetaxel, cisplatin and fluorouracil (DCF) have shown superiorefficacy versus cisplatin and fluorouracil alone but with high rates of hematologic toxicity in metastatic gastriccancer cases. To reduce toxicity while maintaining the efficacy of DCF, we investigated low dose docetaxel (D),cispatin (C) - leucovorin and fluorouracil (De Gramont regimen). Patient and methods: Chemotherapy-naïvepatients with metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) received D 60 mg/m2 on day 1 and cisplatin 30 mg/m2 on day 1-2and the De Gramont regimen (Folinic acid 400 mg/m2 on day 1 and 5-FU 2400 mg/m2/46h continuous infusion)every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was response rate. Results: One hundred twenty patients with a medianage of 52.5 years (range, 32-78) received a median of 6 cycles (range, 2-12 cycles). Of the 120 evaluable patients,4 showed complete remission and 36 achieved a partial response. The overall response rate was 56.6%. Twentyeight patients (23.3%) showed stable disease and 52 (43.3%) progression. The median time to progression was7 months (95%CI 6-7.9). The median overall survival was 15 months (95%CI 13.7-16.2). The most frequenthematological toxicity was leucopenia, which occurred at grade ¾ intensity in 24 patients (20%). Conclusions:Low-dose DC- De Gramont regimen is active in MGC with a tolerable toxicity profile.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27340_bcf892c991795adfc5049a0d64492177.pdf
Cisplatin
Docetaxel
fluorouracil
Gastric cancer
Turkey
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
429
433
27341
Clinical Study of Tumor Angiogenesis and Perfusion Imaging Using Multi-slice Spiral Computed Tomography for Breast Cancer
Objectives: To explore the correlation between multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) perfusion parameters andthe expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in breast cancer. Methods: Forty five breast cancer patients and 16 patients with benign breast tumor,both confirmed by pathology examination, were enrolled. All underwent MSCT perfusion imaging to obtainperfusion maps and data for parameters including blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV) and permeability surface(PS). Cancer patients did not receive treatment prior to surgery. The expression of VEGF and MMP-2 wereexamined with both immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results: The levels of VEGF and MMP-2 byimmunohistochemistry were significantly higher in the breast cancer group (P < 0.01) than the benign tumorgroup. Relative OD values from Western blotting were also higher in cancer cases (P < 0.05). Similarly, the meanMSCT perfusion parameters (BF, BV, PS) were significantly higher in the breast cancer group (P < 0.01), BFand BV positively correlating with VEGF expression (r = 0.878 and 0.809 respectively, P < 0.01); PS and VEGFand MMP-2 expression were also positively correlated (r= 0.860, 0.786 respectively, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Thereis a correlation between breast cancer MSCT perfusion parameters and VEGF andMMP-2 expression, whichmight be useful for detection of breast lesions, qualitative diagnosis of breast cancer, and evaluation of breastcancer treatment.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27341_04021c1c168273c5de019b539a2aec92.pdf
Breast tumor
multi-slice spiral CT
perfusion
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
435
440
27342
Quality of Life in Malay and Chinese Women Newly Diagnosed with Breast Cancer in Kelantan, Malaysia
Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in Malaysia. Adiagnosis is very stressful for women, affecting all aspects of their being and quality of life. As such, there is littleinformation on quality of life of women with breast cancer across the different ethnic groups in Malaysia. Thepurpose of this study was to examine the quality of life in Malay and Chinese women newly diagnosed with breastcancer in Kelantan. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study involved 58 Malays and 15 Chinese womennewly diagnosed with breast cancer prior to treatment. Quality of life was measured using the Malay versionof the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTCQLQ-C30) and its breast-specific module (QLQ-BR23). Socio-demographic and clinical data were also collected.All the data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Most of the women were married with at least asecondary education and were in late stages of breast cancer. The Malay women had lower incomes (p=0.046)and more children (p=0.001) when compared to the Chinese women. Generally, both the Malay and Chinesewomen had good functioning quality-of-life scores [mean score range: 60.3-84.8 (Malays); 65.0-91.1 (Chinese)]and global quality of life [mean score 60.3, SD 22.2 (Malays); mean score 65.0, SD 26.6 (Chinese)]. The Malaywomen experienced more symptoms such as nausea and vomiting (p=0.002), dyspnoea (p=0.004), constipation(p<0.001) and breast-specific symptoms (p=0.041) when compared to the Chinese. Conclusions: Quality of lifewas satisfactory in both Malays and Chinese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in Kelantan. However,Malay women had a lower quality of life due to high general as well as breast-specific symptoms. This studyfinding underlined the importance of measuring quality of life in the newly diagnosed breast cancer patient,as it will provide a broader picture on how a cancer diagnosis impacts multi-ethnic patients. Once health careprofessionals understand this, they might then be able to determine how to best support and improve the qualityof life of these women during the difficult times of their disease and on-going cancer treatments.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27342_925ddeefcaec91aabd9dd947209b688c.pdf
breast cancer
Quality of Life
Race
ethnicity
EORTC Malay version
Malaysia
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
441
447
27343
Diabetes Mellitus Reduces Prostate Cancer Risk - No Function of Age at Diagnosis or Duration of Disease
Background: Prior studies examining the relation between diabetes mellitus (DM) and prostate cancer riskhave reported controversial findings. We examined this association by conducting a detailed meta-analysis of thepeer-reviewed literature. Methods: A comprehensive search for articles of MEDLINE and EMBASE databasesand bibliographies of retrieved articles published up to November, 2012 was performed. Methodological qualityassessment of the trials was based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scaleq and the meta-analysis was performed usingSTATA 12.0. Dose-response regression was conducted with SPSS 19.0. Results: We included 29 studies in themeta-analysis (13 case-control studies, 16 cohort studies), and found an inverse association between DM andprostate cancer (relative risk (RR) 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.78-0.91). An inverse association wasalso observed in non-Asian populations (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.76-0.87) and population-based studies (RR 0.80,95% CI 0.77-0.91). No statistical significance was found of the association between prostate cancer risk and theduration of DM (p=0.338), and risk seemed not related with the age of DM diagnosis. Conclusions: This studysuggested an inverse relationship between DM and prostate cancer, but without links to duration of disease orage of diagnosis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27343_84d7d4acd75d6d68cbab05d6ce440082.pdf
Diabetes Mellitus
Meta-analysis
Prostate Cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
449
452
27344
Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Genes and Risk of Glioma and Meningioma
Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes have been shown to influence DNA repair processes and to modifycancer susceptibility. Here we conducted a case-control study to assess the role of potential SNPs of DNA repairgenes on the risk of glioma and meningioma. We included 297 cases and 458 cancer-free controls. Genotypingof XRCC1 Gln399Arg, XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC2 Arg188His, XRCC3 Thr241Met, XRCC4 Ala247Ser,ERCC1 Asn118Asp, ERCC2 Lys751Gln and ERCC5 Asp1558His were performed in a 384-well plate formaton the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. XRCC1 Arg194Trp (rs1799782) and ERCC2 Asp312Asn rs1799793did not follow the HWE in control group, and genotype distributions of XRCC1 Gln399Arg rs25487, XRCC2Arg188His rs3218536 and ERCC2 Asp312Asn rs1799793 were significantly different between cases and controls(P<0.05). We found XRCC1 399G/G, XRCC1 194 T/T and XRCC3 241T/T were associated with a higher riskwhen compared with the wild-type genotype. For ERCC5 Asp1558His, we found G/G genotype was associatedwith elevated susceptibility. In conclusion, our study has shown that XRCC1 Gln399Arg, XRCC1 Arg194Trp,XRCC3 Thr241Met and ERCC5 Asp1558His are associated with risk of gliomas and meningiomas. This findingcould be useful in identifying the susceptibility genes for these cancers.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27344_385dffd176e5562834542ef1cb78fd37.pdf
DNA repair gene
Glioma
meningiomas
Polymorphism
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
453
456
27345
Lack of any Association between Blood Groups and Lung Cancer, Independent of Histology
Introduction: Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths, is divided into 2 main classes based on itsbiology, therapy and prognosis: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Manycases are at an advanced stage at diagnosis, which is a major obstacle to improving outcomes. It is important todefine the high risk group patients for early diagnosis and chance of cure. Blood group antigens are chemicalcomponents on erythrocyte membranes but they are also expressed on a variety of epithelial cells. Links betweenABO blood groups with benign or malignant diseases, such as gastric and pancreas cancers, have been observedfor a long time. In this study, we aimed to investigate any possible relationship between lung cancer histologicalsubtypes and ABO-Rh blood groups. Materials and Methods: The files of 307 pathologically confirmed lungcancer patients were reviewed retrospectively. Cases with a serologically determined blood group and Rh factorwere included and those with a history of another primary cancer were excluded, leaving a total of 221. Thedistribution of blood groups of the lung cancer patients were compared with the distribution of blood groups ofhealthy donors admitted to the Turkish Red Crescent Blood Service in our city in the year 2012. Results: Therewas no significant difference between patients with lung cancer of either type and the control group in termsof distribution of ABO blood groups and Rh factor (p: 0.073). There was also no relationship with non smallcell cancer histological subtypes. Conclusions: In this study, we found no relationship between the ABO-Rhesusblood groups and NSCLC and SCLC groups. To our knowledge this is the first analysis of ABO blood groupsin SCLC patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27345_9c062dd027e6e210ba9494c49e39efc1.pdf
Lung cancer
ABO blood groups
Rh factor
SCLC
NSCLC
Turkey
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
457
461
27346
Meta-analysis of Gene Expression Data Identifies Causal Genes for Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death in male populations across the globe. With the advent of geneexpression arrays, many microarray studies have been conducted in prostate cancer, but the results have variedacross different studies. To better understand the genetic and biologic mechanisms of prostate cancer, we conducteda meta-analysis of two studies on prostate cancer. Eight key genes were identified to be differentially expressedwith progression. After gene co-expression analysis based on data from the GEO database, we obtained a coexpressedgene list which included 725 genes. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that these genes are involvedin actin filament-based processes, locomotion and cell morphogenesis. Further analysis of the gene list shouldprovide important clues for developing new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27346_7ea5ab96c5eac30c5c9d96bc587bc1ab.pdf
Prostate Cancer
Meta-analysis
Gene Expression data
Co-expression
Protein Interaction
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
463
468
27347
Reliability and Validity of the Malay Version of the Breast-Impact of Treatment Scale (MVBITS) in Breast Cancer Womenundergoing Chemotherapy
Background: Body image dissatisfaction among breast cancer survivors has been associated with psychologicalstress resultant from breast cancer and resultant surgery. This study aimed to examine the psychometric propertiesof the Malay Version of the Breast-Impact of Treatment Scale (MVBITS) and to investigate the associations ofretained factors with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES). Materials and Methods: The MVBITS was ‘forward–backward’ translated from English to Malay andthen administered to 70 female breast cancer patients who came to the Oncology Clinic of University MalayaMedical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to undergo chemotherapy. Principal component analysis (PCA)with varimax rotation was performed to explore the factor structure of the MVBITS. Associations of retainedfactors were estimated with reference to Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: The internal consistencyreliability of MVBITS was good (Cronbach’s alpha 0.945) and showed temporal stability over a 3-week period.Principal component analysis suggested two factors termed as ‘Intrusion’ and ‘Avoidance’ domains. Thesefactors explained 70.3% of the variance. Factor 1 comprised the effects of breast cancer treatment on theemotion and thought, while Factor 2 informed attempts to limit exposure of the body to self or others. The Factor1 of MVBITS was positively correlated with total, depression and anxiety sub-scores of HADS. Factor 2 waspositively correlated with total and anxiety sub-scores of HADS. MVBITS was also positively correlated withthe RSES scores. Conclusions: The results showed that the Malay Version of Breast-Impact of Treatment Scalepossesses satisfactory psychometric properties suggesting that this instrument is appropriate for assessment ofbody change stress among female breast cancer patients in Malaysia.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27347_341319d57aa28cd8a0c153f983d1aab9.pdf
breast cancer
breast impact treatment scale
body image
Reliability
Validity
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
469
473
27348
Can Granisetron Injection Used as Primary Prophylaxis Improve the Control of Nausea and Vomiting with Low- Emetogenic Chemotherapy?
Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the risk of uncontrolled chemotherapy-induced nauseaand vomiting (CINV) among patients receiving low emetogenic chemotherapy (LEC) with and without granisetroninjection as the primary prophylaxis in addition to dexamethasone and metochlopramide. Materials and Methods:This was a single-centre, prospective cohort study. A total of 96 patients receiving LEC (52 with and 42 withoutgranisetron) were randomly selected from the full patient list generated using the e-Hospital Information System(e-His). The rates of complete control (no CINV from days 1 to 5) and complete response (no nausea or vomitingin both acute and delayed phases) were identified through patient diaries which were adapted from the MASCCAntiemesis Tool (MAT). Selected covariates including gender, age, active alcohol consumption, morning sicknessand previous chemotherapy history were controlled using the multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: Bothgroups showed significant difference with LEC regimens (p<0.001). No differences were found in age, gender,ethnic group and other baseline characteristics. The granisetron group indicated a higher complete response ratein acute emesis (adjusted OR: 0.1; 95%CI 0.02-0.85; p=0.034) than did the non-granisetron group. Both groupsshowed similar complete control and complete response rates for acute nausea, delayed nausea and delayedemesis. Conclusions: Granisetron injection used as the primary prophylaxis in LEC demonstrated limited rolesin CINV control. Optimization of the guideline-recommended antiemetic regimens may serve as a less costlyalternative to protect patients from uncontrolled acute emesis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27348_0b4b68e23a39973c221331bee367f8cf.pdf
granisetron
CINV
low emetogenic chemotherapy
primary prophylaxis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
475
479
27349
Smoking Habits of Relatives of Patients with Cancer: Cancer Diagnosis in the Family is an Important Teachable Moment for Smoking Cessation
Background: In this study we aimed to determine the rate and habitual patterns of smoking, intentions ofcessation, dependence levels and sociodemographic characteristics of relatives of patients with a diagnosis ofcancer. Materials and Methods: This study was designed by the Turkish Oncology Group, Epidemiology andPrevention Subgroup. The relatives of cancer patients were asked to fill a questionnaire and Fagerstrom testof nicotine dependence. Results: The median ages of those with lower and higher Fagerstrom scores were 40years and 42 years, respectively. We found no evidence of variation between the two groups for the remainingsociodemographic variables, including the subject’s medical status, gender, living in the same house with thepatient, their educational status, their family income, closeness to their cancer patients or spending time withthem or getting any help or wanting to get some help. Only 2% of the subjects started smoking after cancer wasdiagnosed in their loved ones and almost 20% of subjects had quit smoking during the previous year. Conclusions:The Fagerstrom score is helpful in determining who would be the most likely to benefit from a cigarette smokingcessation program. Identification of these people with proper screening methods might help us to pinpoint whowould benefit most from these programs.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27349_2f4f07fc763bd2ef744e4abd00a1df01.pdf
cancer
smoking habits
fagerstrom score
relatives of cancer patients
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
481
487
27350
Impact of Healthy Eating Practices and Physical Activity on Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors
Following breast cancer diagnosis, women often attempt to modify their lifestyles to improve their healthand prevent recurrence. These behavioral changes typically involve diet and physical activity modification. Theaim of this study was to determine association between healthy eating habits and physical activity with qualityof life among Iranian breast cancer survivors. A total of 100 Iranian women, aged between 32 to 61 years wererecruited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Eating practices were evaluated by a validated questionnairemodified from the Women’s Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) study. Physical activity was assessed usingthe International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A standardized questionnaire by the EuropeanOrganization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life and its breast cancer module (EORTCQLQ-C30/+BR-23) were applied to determine quality of life. Approximately 29% of the cancer survivors werecategorized as having healthy eating practices, 34% had moderate eating practices and 37% had poor eatingpractices based on nutrition guidelines. The study found positive changes in the decreased intake of fast foods(90%), red meat (70%) and increased intake of fruits (85%) and vegetables (78%). Generally, breast cancersurvivors with healthy eating practices had better global quality of life, social, emotional, cognitive and rolefunctions. Results showed that only 12 women (12%) met the criteria for regular vigorous exercise, 22% hadregular moderate-intensity exercise while the majority (65%) had low-intensity physical activity. Breast cancersurvivors with higher level of physical activity had better emotional and cognitive functions. Healthy eatingpractices and physical activity can improve quality of life of cancer survivors. Health care professionals shouldpromote good dietary habits and physical activity to improve survivors’ health and quality of life.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27350_ced11ddd234acedbf1b328a512ebdd81.pdf
Breast cancer survivors
eating practices
physical activity
Quality of Life
Iran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
489
494
27351
Clinico-pathological Profile of Lung Cancer at AIIMS: A Changing Paradigm in India
Background: Lung cancer is one of the commonest and most lethal cancers throughout the world. Theepidemiological and pathological profile varies among different ethnicities and geographical regions. At presentadenocarcinoma is the commonest histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in most of theWestern and Asian countries. However, in India squamous cell carcinoma has been reported as the commonesthistological type in most of the series. The aim of the study was to analyze the current clinico-pathological profileand survival of lung cancer at our centre. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 434 pathologically confirmedlung cancer cases registered at our centre over a period of three years. They were evaluated for their clinicaland pathological profiles, treatment received and outcome. The available histology slides were reviewed by anindependent reviewer. Results: Median age was 55 years with a male:female ratio of 4.6:1. Some 68% of patientswere smokers. There were 85.3% NSCLC and 14.7% SCLC cases. Among NSCLCs, adenocarcinoma was thecommonest histological subtype after the pathology review. Among NSCLC, 56.8% cases were of stage IV whileamong SCLC 71.8% cases had extensive stage disease. Some 29% of patients did not receive any anticancertreatment. The median overall and progression free survivals of the patients who received treatment were12.8 and 7.8 months for NSCLC and 9.1 and 6.8 months for SCLC. Conclusions: This analysis suggests thatadenocarcinoma may now be the commonest histological subtype also in India, provided a careful pathologicalreview is done. Most of the patients present at advanced stage and outcome remains poor.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27351_6ac930aac5bb2e99b2bb95dd1335c1e0.pdf
Lung cancer
clinicopathological profile
pathology review
NSCLC
survival
India
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
495
498
27352
EGFR Antisense Oligonucleotides Encapsulated withNanoparticles Decrease EGFR, MAPK1 and STAT5 Expressionin a Human Colon Cancer Cell Line
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is over-expressed in several human cancers. This would suggestthat inhibition of EGFR is a reasonable approach for cancer treatment. In this study we investigated EGFRblocking and its effects on the mediated signaling such as MAPK and STATb in HT29 cells. For this aim weused FITC-labeled EGFR antisense oligonucleotides encapsulated with PAMAM nanoparticles to inhibit EGFRexpression. Cellular uptake of antisense was investigated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis.The effect of EGFR antisense on the expression of EGFR in HT29 cells was examined by real time PCR andWestern blots, which showed that antisense encapsulated with PAMAM decreased the level of EGFR mRNAand protein. In addition, real time PCR results confirmed that EGFR inhibition had an effective role in thereduction of EGFR dependent downstream genes. In conclusion, EGFR antisense encapsulated with PAMAMnanoparticles down regulated EGFR and EGFR-mediated genes.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27352_25b07b427fc34f656f441e2a08afcc2f.pdf
EGFR
antisense
human colon cancer
Nanoparticles
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
499
502
27353
Levels of Serum Trace Elements in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cases
Trace elements which are essential components of biological structures may also be toxic when present atlevels above the amounts required for biological function. In our study, trace element levels were measured withfurnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 33 newly diagnosed renal cell carcinoma cases (preoperative)and 32 healthy controls. When compared with the control group, it was found that the levels of cadmium (Cd),lead (Pb) were higher and the levels of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) were lower in the patient group.These changes may be important in the formation of renal cell carcinoma, a question which should be exploredwith postoperative comparative studies.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27353_cc1b9eb2268daaca7adf4365ce135bcd.pdf
Renal cell cancer
serum trace elements
Cadmium
Iron
Lead
zinc
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
503
506
27354
Human Papilloma Virus Frequency and Genotype Distributionin a Turkish Population
Objectives: To determine human papillomavirus (HPV) frequency, genotypes and the relation betweencervical smear results, risk factors and types in women living in Manisa, Turkey. Materials and Methods: A totalof 410 women were included in the study. Cervical specimens were obtained for linear array HPV genotypingand pathological testing. Conventional Pap test and Bethesda system were used for evaluation of cytologyspecimens. Results: A total of 410 women with a mean age of 34.9 years were tested. A positive result of anyHPV was found in 35 patients (8.5%). Among them, 26 different serotypes of HPV were identified and the mostfrequent type was HPV 16 (28.5%) followed by type 45 and 53 (11.4%). Patients were infected by 65.7% highrisk, 11.4% probable high risk and 22.9% low risk HPV types. Multiple HPV positive results were found in13 patients (37.1%). Patients with single partner, history of abnormal smear or condyloma had positive HPVresults and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a statistically weak relationbetween positive HPV and abnormal smear results (r=0.120). Conclusions: Determining HPV types of genitalHPV infections is important for epidemiological studies. We have found the rate of positive HPV as 8.5% whichimplies the need for extended screening programs in order to diagnose oncogenic HPV at an early stage.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27354_ca57cc282dc2bb8c64e9bc885a528c99.pdf
cervical cancer
HPV
HPV DNA
Screening
Pap smear
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
507
510
27355
Construction and Expression of an Eukaryotic Expression Vector Containing the IER3 Gene
Background: More and more research indicate that the immediately early response gene 3 (IER3) is involvedinmany biological provesses, such as apoptosis and immunoreaction, as well as viral infection, tumorigenesisand tumour progression. Methods: Here we describe the construction of an eukaryotic expression vectorcontaining IER3 gene and its expression in A549 cells as assessed through fluorescence microscopyand Westernblotting.Results: Fluorescence detection displayed that GFP in cytoplasm was high during 48 and 72 hourspost-transfection. In addition, Western blotting showed significant increase in IER3 gene expression in thetransfected cells compared with controls. Conclusion: The recombinate plasmid expression vector was constructedsuccessfully, which may provide a basis for further exploration of function of IER3 in lung cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27355_2d3a4e48045ede89e707418f9e3861ba.pdf
IER3 gene
eukaryotic expression vector
Tumor
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
511
514
27356
Cost and Effectiveness Comparison of Immediate Colposcopy Versus Human Papillomavirus DNA Testing in Management of Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance in Turkish Women
Background: A small but significant proportion of cases with atypical squamous cells of undeterminedsignificance (ASCUS) may harbour CIN 2-3, or even invasive carcinoma. Although immediate colposcopy,HPV-DNA testing or expectant management are three recommended options in ASCUS triage, a consensus doesnot currently exist on which one of these approaches is the most efficient. In this study, we aimed to comparethe performance and cost of immediate colposcopy and colposcopy based on the human papillomavirus (HPV)testing for detecting histologically confirmed high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women withASCUS. Materials and Methods: Records of 594 women with an index Papanicolaou smear showing ASCUSwere retrospectively analyzed. Women in the immediate colposcopy arm were referred directly to colposcopy(immediate colposcopy group, n=255) and those in the HPV triage arm were proceeded to colposcopy if thehigh-risk HPV (hrHPV) test was positive (HPV triage group, n=339). High grade CIN (CIN2+) detection rateand treatment costs were compared between the groups. Results: The detected rate of CIN2+ was higher inthe HPV triage group compared to immediate colposcopy group (8% vs. 1.6%, p=0.011). In the HPV triagegroup, the total cost, cost per patient, and the cost for detecting one case of high grade CIN were higher thanthe immediate colposcopy group (p<0.001). Conclusions: In women with ASCUS cytology, HPV DNA testingfollowed by colposcopy is more costly than immediate colposcopy, but this approach is associated with a higherrate of CIN2+ detection. This findings suggest that HPV DNA testing combined with cervical cytology couldreduce the referral rate to colposcopy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27356_778356fac6e9a57d25c6db8dbbaa99d9.pdf
colposcopy
HPV testing
ASCUS
CIN
Turkey
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
515
521
27357
Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Versus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy with or without Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Meta-analysis of 1,096Patients from 11 Randomized Controlle
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrentchemoradiotherapy (the treatment group) versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without adjuvantchemotherapy (the control group) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: The searchstrategy included Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet Web, ChineseBiomedical Database and Wanfang Database. We also searched reference lists of articles and the volumes ofabstracts of scientific meetings. All randomized controlled trials were included for a meta-analysis performedwith RevMan 5.1.0. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system(GRADE) was used to rate the level of evidence. Results: Eleven studies were included. Risk ratios of 0.99(95%CI 0.72-1.36), 0.37 (95%CI 0.20-0.69), 1.08 (95%CI 0.84-1.38), 0.98 (95%CI 0.75-1.27) were observed for3 years overall survival, 3 years progression-free survival, 2 years loco-regional failure-free survival and 2 yearsdistant metastasis failure-free survival. There were no treatment-related deaths in either group in the 11 studies.Risk ratios of 1.90 (95%CI 1.24-2.92), 2.67 (95%CI 0.64-11.1), 1.04 (95%CI 0.79-1.37), 0.98 (95%CI 0.27-3.52)were found for grade 3-4 leukopenia, grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia, grade 3-4 mucous membrane, and grade3-4 hepatic hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity, the most significant toxicities for patients. Conclusion:Compared with the control group, induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy was welltolerated but could not significantly improve prognosis in terms of overall survival, loco-regional failure-freesurvival or distant metastasis failure-free survival.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27357_05afea757198dca8fa55109a58b673a2.pdf
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
induction chemotherapy
chemoradiotherapy
Adjuvant chemotherapy
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
523
528
27358
Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Male Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis of 18 Studies
Background: The possibility that electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposure may increase male breast cancer riskhas been discussed for a long time. However, arguments have been presented that studies limited by poor qualitycould have led to statistically significant results by chance or bias. Moreover, data fo the last 10 years have notbeen systematically summarized. Methods and Results: To confirm any possible association, a meta-analysis wasperformed by a systematic search strategy. Totals of 7 case-control and 11 cohort studies was identified and pooledORs with 95% CIs were used as the principal outcome measures. Data from these studies were extracted witha standard meta-analysis procedure and grouped in relation to study design, cut-off point, exposure assessmentmethod, adjustment and exposure model. A statistical significant increased risk of male breast cancer with EMFexposure was defined (pooled ORs = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.14 -1.52, P < 0.001), and subgroup analyses also showedsimilar results. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that EMF exposure may be associated with the increaserisk of male breast cancer despite the arguments raised.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27358_dc91e9d25f3548df11f86c39510f5c81.pdf
Electromagnetic fields
Male breast cancer
Meta-analysis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
529
532
27359
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patientswith Unresectable Cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand: Are thereDifferences Dependent on Stent Type?
Cholangiocarcinoma, though very rare in Western countries, is one of the commonest liver malignancies inSoutheast Asia, especially in Thailand. More than half of the patients present with advanced stage disease. Giventhe poor treatment outcomes of adjuvant therapeutic options, many patients undergo only biliary drainage forpalliative treatment. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes after biliary stenting were here analyzedfor a total of 224 uresectable cholangiocarcinoma cases, 58.9% in men. The mean age was 61.5 years. Hilarinvolvement was the most common location. The patients underwent biliary drainage using plastic and metallicstents equally, early stent occlusion being encountered in 21.4% and 10.7%, respectively. The median survivaltime was 4.93 months for patients who received plastic and 5.87 months for patients who received metallic stents.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27359_756e69d0ab1c0710a177fecc4d8ca1e1.pdf
cholangiocarcinoma
unresectable
clinical outcome
Prognosis
biliary stent type
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
533
537
27360
Multicenter Evaluation of Patients with Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in Turkey: MELAS Study
Background: Malignant melanoma is a cancer that demonstrates rapid progression and atypical clinicallyfeatures with a poor prognosis. Aim: This study was performed to determine the clinical characteristics andtreatment outcomes of patients with malignant melanoma in Turkey. Methods: The medical records of 98patients between 2007- 2012 at our centers were retrieved from the patient registry. Overall survival (OS) wascalculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: In our study, with the median follow-up of all patientswith cutaneous MM of 46.3 months, the median OS rate of all cases was 43.6 months and 5-year OS was 48.6%.However, five-year OS rates of patients with localized disease (stage I-II) and node involvement (stage III) were60.3% and 39.6%, respectively. The median OS of stage IV patients was 8.7 months and 1-year OS rate was26.2%. We showed that advanced stage, male gender, and advanced age in all patients with MM were significantprognostic factors of OS. Conclusions: Compared with the results of current studies from Western countries,we found similar findings concerning demographical features, histological variables and survival analyses forour patients with cutaneous MM in Turkey.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27360_b4502fc0fdb2641185cfe21fd0003240.pdf
Cutaneous malignant melanoma
survival
Prognostic factors
Turkey
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
539
545
27361
Factors Predictive of Treatment by Australian Breast Surgeonsof Invasive Female Breast Cancer by Mastectomy rather thanBreast Conserving Surgery
Background: The National Breast Cancer Audit Database of the Society of Breast Surgeons of Australia andNew Zealand is used by surgeons to monitor treatment quality and for research. About 60% of early invasivefemale breast cancers in Australia are recorded. The objectives of this study are: (1) to investigate associationsof socio-demographic, health-system and clinical characteristics with treatment of invasive female breast cancerby mastectomy compared with breast conserving surgery; and (2) to consider service delivery implications.Materials and Methods: Bi-variable and multivariable analyses of associations of characteristics with surgerytype for cancers diagnosed in 1998-2010. Results: Of 30,299 invasive cases analysed, 11,729 (39%) were treated bymastectomy as opposed to breast conserving surgery. This proportion did not vary by diagnostic year (p>0.200).With major city residence as the reference category, the relative rate (95% confidence limits) of mastectomywas 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) for women from inner regional areas and 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) for those from more remoteareas. Low annual surgeon case load (≤10) was predictive of mastectomy, with a relative rate of 1.08 (1.03, 1.14)when compared with higher case loads. Tumour size was also predictive, with a relative rate of 1.05 (1.01, 1.10)for large cancers (40+ mm) compared with smaller cancers (<30 mm). These associations were confirmed inmultiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: Results confirm previous studies showing higher mastectomyrates for residents of more remote areas, those treated by surgeons with low case loads, and those with largecancers. Reasons require further study, including possible effects of surgeon and woman’s choice and access toradiotherapy services.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27361_b0894b065adc46e7cbf9723eeeb6c183.pdf
mastectomy
socio-demographic
clinical determinants
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
547
552
27362
Risk Factors for Poorer Breast Cancer Outcomes in Residents of Remote Areas of Australia
To investigate patient, cancer and treatment characteristics in females with breast cancer from more remoteareas of Australia, to better understand reasons for their poorer outcomes, bi-variable and multivariable analyseswere undertaken using the National Breast Cancer Audit database of the Society of Breast Surgeons of Australiaand New Zealand. Results indicated that patients from more remote areas were more likely to be of lower socioeconomicstatus and be treated in earlier diagnostic epochs and at inner regional and remote rather than majorcity centres. They were also more likely to be treated by low case load surgeons, although this finding was onlyof marginal statistical significance in multivariable analysis (p=0.074). Patients from more remote areas wereless likely than those from major cities to be treated by breast conserving surgery, as opposed to mastectomy,and less likely to have adjuvant radiotherapy when having breast conserving surgery. They had a higher rate ofadjuvant chemotherapy. Further monitoring will be important to determine whether breast conserving surgeryand adjuvant radiotherapy utilization increase in rural patients following the introduction of regional cancercentres recently funded to improve service access in these areas.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27362_ab198786ceb1b33de143683097472ab2.pdf
breast cancer
Patient
provider and treatment characteristics
geographic remoteness
Australia
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
553
556
27363
Clinicopathological Features and Localization of Gastric Cancers and their Effects on Survival in Turkey
Background: This study was designed to examine changing trends in localization of gastric cancer in Turkeyin recent years. Materials and Methods: A total of 796 adult patients with newly diagnosed, histologicallyproven adenocarcinomas, treated and followed up at our oncology center between 2000-2011, were examinedretrospectively. In all cases tumor localization were identified and recorded with clinicopathological features.Results: The median age was 58 with a range between 22-90 for the 552 men and 244 women. Median followup was 12 months (1-276) and median overall survival was also 12 months (11.5-12.4). There was a trend for achange in tumor localization from distal to proximal. Survival of patients was low with advanced T and N stagetumours. Positive surgical margins, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, cardioesophageal localizationwere predisposition factors for metastatic disease in gastric cancer. There was no relation between age or sexand histopathological type of gastric cancer. Conclusions: There is a trend in our country for a change in gastrictumour localization from distal to proximal, with clear significance for treatment choices.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27363_f0a8aa79a2fe5735f95fd653f0a56c24.pdf
Gastric cancer
Localization
proximal
treatment choices
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
557
563
27364
Gene Expression Profiling of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is ranked as one of the top five causes of cancer-related deaths. ICCin Thai patients is associated with infection with the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, but the molecular basis fordevelopment remains unclear. The present study employed a microarray approach to compare gene expressionprofiles of ICCs and normal liver tissues from the same patients residing in Northeast Thailand, a region witha high prevalence of liver fluke infection. In ICC samples, 2,821 and 1,361 genes were found to be significantlyup- and down-regulated respectively (unpaired t-test, p<0.05; fold-change ≥2.0). For validation of the microarrayresults, 7 up-regulated genes (FXYD3, GPRC5A, CEACAM5, MUC13, EPCAM, TMC5, and EHF) and 3 downregulatedgenes (CPS1, TAT, and ITIH1) were selected for confirmation using quantitative RT-PCR, resultingin 100% agreement. The metallothionine heavy metal pathway contains the highest percentage of genes withstatistically significant changes in expression. This study provides exon-level expression profiles in ICC thatshould be fruitful in identifying novel genetic markers for classifying and possibly early diagnosis of this highlyfatal type of cholangiocarcinoma.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27364_e4f7844d4cf7573d64ec2390e61a98c4.pdf
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
gene expression profile
metallothione heavy metal pathway
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
565
570
27365
Development and Validation of a Cancer AwarenessQuestionnaire for Malaysian Undergraduate Students ofChinese Ethnicity
Objectives: To describe the development and validation of a cancer awareness questionnaire (CAQ) based ona literature review of previous studies, focusing on cancer awareness and prevention. Materials and Methods: Atotal of 388 Chinese undergraduate students in a private university in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were recruitedto evaluate the developed self-administered questionnaire. The CAQ consisted of four sections: awareness ofcancer warning signs and screening tests; knowledge of cancer risk factors; barriers in seeking medical advice;and attitudes towards cancer and cancer prevention. The questionnaire was evaluated for construct validityusing principal component analysis and internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha (α) coefficient. Test-retestreliability was assessed with a 10-14 days interval and measured using Pearson product-moment correlation.Results: The initial 77-item CAQ was reduced to 63 items, with satisfactory construct validity, and a high totalinternal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.77). A total of 143 students completed the questionnaire for the test-retestreliability obtaining a correlation of 0.72 (p<0.001) overall. Conclusions: The CAQ could provide a reliableand valid measure that can be used to assess cancer awareness among local Chinese undergraduate students.However, further studies among students from different backgrounds (e.g. ethnicity) are required in order tofacilitate the use of the cancer awareness questionnaire among all university students.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27365_22ea61908fe462321843b9af1768d248.pdf
Cancer awareness
questionnaire development
questionnaire validation
undergraduate students
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
571
578
27366
Social Support and Hopelessness in Patients with Breast Cancer
Background: Patients with breast cancer can experience a feeling of hopelessness very deeply in the adjustmentprocess, and the social support provided during this period can be effective in increasing the level of hope.The present study aimed to identify breast cancer patients’ social support and hopelessness level. Materialsand Methods: The target population of this analytical study was all breast cancer patients (total of 85) whohad treatment in the oncology department of a university hospital located in Adana/Turkey and who met theinclusion criteria. Data were collected through “Personal Information Form”, “Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)”and “Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support” (MSPSS). Analysis was performed using ShapiroWilk, One Way ANOVA Welch, Student t-test, Mann Whitney U, and Kruskall Wallis tests. Homogeneity ofvariance was tested with the Levene, Bonferroni and Games Howell tests. Mean scores and standard deviationvalues are given as descriptive statistics. Results: Average age of the participants with breast cancer is 48.6±10.6.Of all the participants, 84.7% are married, 49.4% graduated from primary school, 81.2% are housewives, and82.4% had children. The participants’ multidimensional perceived social support total scores were found tobe high (57.41±13.97) and hopelessness scale scores low (5.49±3.80). There was a reverse, linear relationshipbetween hopelessness scale scores and social support total scores (r=-0.259, p=0.017). A statistically significantrelationship was found between hopelessness scores and education level and having children, occupation, incomestatus, and education level of spouses (p<0.05). Conclusions: The present study indicates that hopelessness ofthe patients with breast cancer decreased with the increase in their social support. Therefore, activating patientsocial support systems is of importance in increasing their level of hope.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27366_5051b493d53b0d344806403c6ef2c090.pdf
hope
Social Support
breast cancer
Turkey
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
579
582
27367
Frequency of Cigarette Smoking Among Psychiatric InpatientsEvaluated by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence
Background: In this study our aim was to determine the rate of smoking in a sample of psychiatric in-patientswith diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression and to examine factors related to smokingstatus and the level of dependence in this population. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 people were includedin this descriptive study. 80 were inpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression and 80people without any psychiatric diagnoses were included as a control group. The participants were interviewedface-to face using a semi-structured questionnaire and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence was used todefine smoking habits. Results: The mean age of the participants was 37.24±12.19 years ranging from 18 to 81years, 54.4% of the participants were (n=87) female, and 45.6% cases (n=73) were male. 70% (n=56) of thepatients and 55% of the control group were smoking and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.01).Total score of Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence in the patient group was statistically significantly higherthan in the control group (p<0.01). Conclusions: In our sample, the frequency of cigarette smoking and nicotinedependence among psychiatric inpatients was high, posing a high risk for smoking related diseases includingcancers; therefore there should be counseling on tobacco control and smoking cessation programming targetingthis population.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27367_0da0da672c7cff50bb75f33fab133a5a.pdf
Nicotine
dependence
smoking
mental illness
psychiatric inpatients
Tobacco
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
583
587
27368
Chalkley Microvessel but not Lymphatic Vessel DensityCorrelates with Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in PrimaryBreast Cancers
This study aimed to investigate tumor microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) usingthe Chalkley method as predictive markers for the risk of axillary lymph node metastasis and their relationshipto other clinicopathological parameters in primary breast cancer cases. Forty two node-positive and eightynode-negative breast cancers were immunostained for CD34 and D2-40. MVD and LVD were counted by theChalkley method at x400 magnification. There was a positive significant correlation of the MVD with the tumorsize, coexisting ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lymph node metastases (P<0.05). In multivariate analysis,the MVD (2.86-4: OR 5.87 95%CI 1.05-32; >4: OR 20.03 95%CI 3.47-115.55), lymphovascular invasion (OR3.46, 95% CI 1.13-10.58), and associated DCIS (OR 3.1, 95%CI 1.04-9.23) independently predicted axillarylymph node metastasis. There was no significant relationship between LVD and axillary lymph node metastasis.However, D2-40 was a good lymphatic vessel marker to enhance the detection of lymphatic invasion compared toH and E staining. In conclusion, MVD by the Chalkley method, lymphovascular invasion and associated DCIScan be additional predictive factors for axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer. No relationship wasidentified between LVD and clinicopathological variables, including axillary lymph node metastasis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27368_6912171e90934c02c7984d21058f493b.pdf
breast cancer
Angiogenesis
lymphangiogenesis
microvessel density
lymphatic vessel density
Chalkley
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
589
594
27369
Effect of Screening on the Risk Estimates of Socio DemographicFactors on Cervical Cancer - A Large Cohort Study from RuralIndia
Background: Prospective cohort studies to determine cofactors with oncogenic HPV- infections for cervicalcancer are very rare from developing countries and such data are limited to the few screening trials. Largescreening trials provide such data as a by product. Some of the cases are prevented by screening and do notsurface as invasive cancers at all. Also, pre-invasive lesions are detected almost entirely by screening. Screeningcauses selection bias if attendance in or effectiveness of screening is correlated with the risk factors. The aim ofthis study was to quantify the influence of screening on risk factors for cervical cancer. Materials and Methods:Our material stems from a rural cohort of 80,000 women subjected to a randomised screening trial. The effect ofscreening on the incidence of cervix cancer was estimated with reference to socio-demographic and reproductiverisk factors of cervical cancer. We compared these risks with the incidence of cancer in the randomised controlpopulation by the same determinants of risk. Results: The results in the screening arm compared to the controlarm showed that the women of low SES and young age were benefitting more than those of high SES and oldage. The relative risk by age (30-39 vs 50-59) was 0.33 in the control arm and 0.24 in the screening arm. Therelative risk by education (not educated vs educated) was 2.8 in the control arm and 1.8 in the screening arm.The previously married women did not benefit (incidence 113 and 115 per 100,000 women years in control vsscreening arms) whereas the effect was substantial in those married (86 vs 54). Conclusions: The results incontrols were consistent with the general evidence, but results in attenders and nonattenders of the screening armshowed that screening itself and self-selection in attendance and effectiveness can influence the effect estimates ofrisk factors. The effect of cervical cancer screening programmes on the estimates of incidence of cervical cancercauses bias in the studies on etiology and, therefore, they should be interpreted with caution.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27369_b37d7d722e7519ea9dccb7523d604e31.pdf
cervical cancer
risk factors
Screening
Bias
rural population
cohort
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
595
598
27370
Early Detection of Lung Cancer Risk Using Data Mining
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide Therefore, identification of geneticas well as environmental factors is very important in developing novel methods of lung cancer prevention.However, this is a multi-layered problem. Therefore a lung cancer risk prediction system is here proposed whichis easy, cost effective and time saving. Materials and Methods: Initially 400 cancer and non-cancer patients’data were collected from different diagnostic centres, pre-processed and clustered using a K-means clusteringalgorithm for identifying relevant and non-relevant data. Next significant frequent patterns are discovered usingAprioriTid and a decision tree algorithm. Results: Finally using the significant pattern prediction tools for alung cancer prediction system were developed. This lung cancer risk prediction system should prove helpful indetection of a person’s predisposition for lung cancer. Conclusions: Most of people of Bangladesh do not evenknow they have lung cancer and the majority of cases are diagnosed at late stages when cure is impossible.Therefore early prediction of lung cancer should play a pivotal role in the diagnosis process and for an effectivepreventive strategy.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27370_9e3f4bcce0c9b52f0d7a98c7de293e73.pdf
Data mining
pre-processing
disease diagnosis
aprioriTid algorithm
DT algorithm
Bangladesh
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
599
602
27371
Cytohistologic Discrepancy of High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Papanicolaou Smears
Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of cytohistologic discrepancy of high-grade squamous intraepitheliallesions (HSILs) in Pap smears and associated factors. Methods: Medical records of 223 women with HSIL Papsmears who were treated at Thammasat University Hospital were reviewed. Data on age, parity, menopausalstatus, contraceptive use and colposcopic directed biopsy and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)pathology results were recorded. Results: Mean (SD) age of patients was 38.0 (9.4) years. The majority werepremenopausal (86.5%) and multiparous (83.9%). Cytohistologic discrepancy between the Pap test andcolposcopic-directed biopsy histology was 45.7% and that between the Pap test and LEEP histology was 29.5%.Fifty-four (24.2%) women had no high-grade CIN on both colposcopic directed biopsy and LEEP. Nulliparity,postmenopausal status and having no oral contraceptive pills use were factors associated with cytohistologicdiscrepancy. Conclusion: The exact cytohistologic discrepancy rate was relatively high (24.2%). Factors associatedwith cytohistologic discrepancy were nulliparity and postmenopausal status and having no oral contraceptivepill use.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27371_6279fc661a47a7ff70d06ed08a684b3f.pdf
Pap smear results
HSIL
cytohistologic discrepancy
LEEP
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
603
606
27372
Role of Ultrasound in Characterization of Ovarian Masses
Background: Ovarian cancer is the second most common malignancy in Pakistani women, accounting for 4%of all cancers in the female population. The aim of this study was to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive andnegative predictive values and 95% confidence intervals for ultrasound in characterization of ovarian masses inpatients presenting at public and private tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. Materials and Methods:We adopted a cross-sectional analytical study design to retrospectively collect data from January 2009-11 frommedical records of two tertiary care hospitals. Using a non-probability purposive sampling technique, werecruited a sample of 86 women aged between 15 and 85 years fulfilling inclusion criteria with histopathologicallyproven ovarian masses presenting for an ultrasound examination in our radiology departments. Results: Ourretrospective data depicted sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound to be 90.7%, 95%CI (0.77, 0.97) and 91.4%,95%CI (0.76, 0.98) respectively. Positive predictive value was 93%, 95%CI (0.79, 0.98) and negative predictivevalue was 89%, 95%CI (0.73, 0.96). A total of 78 ovarian masses were detected, out of which 42 were malignantand 36 were benign. Conclusions: Results of our study further reinforce the conclusion that ultrasound shouldbe used as an initial modality of choice in the workup of every woman suspected of having an ovarian mass. Itnot only results in decreasing the mortality but also avoids unnecessary surgical interventions.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27372_89bacc72ce75580d789c559b01d59e32.pdf
Ovarian masses
ultrasound characterization
Pakistan females
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-01-01
14
1
607
608
27373
Does Zoledronic Acid Have Additive Effect on Suppression of Plasma Estrogen Levels ?
Obesity has been associated with abnormally highexpression of the enzyme aromatase in the breast,increased local estrogen production and predispositionto the cancer and recurrence. In postmenopausal women,fat tissue is the major source of estrogens, thus higheraromatase enzyme levels in obese patients can increase theestrogen levels. On these grounds, expression of aromataseenzyme increased with high body mass index (BMI), mayinfluence the effects of aromatase inhibitors. Folkerd etal. (2012) recently published an article about the effect ofaromatase inhibitors on suppression of plasma estrogenlevels according to the BMI in patients with breast cancer.The authors suggest that the plasma estrogen levels wereassociated with BMI and letrozole compared to anastrazolereduced estrogen levels by an additional 43%. We havesome comments about the additive effect of zoledronicacid on aromatase activity.Intravenous bisphosphonate zoledronic acid has beenevaluated in adjuvant breast cancer clinical trials. In theZometa–Femara Ajuvant Synergy Trial (ZFAST) andZOFAST (Zoledronic acid in the prevention of cancertreatment-induced bone loss in postmenopausal womenreceiving letrozole as adjuvant therapy for early breastcancer), there were 35% fewer breast cancer recurrences(Brufsky et al., 2007; Eidtmann et al., 2010). In anotherstudy, patients with early-stage breast cancer in theAustrian Breast Cancer Study Group trial 12 (ABCSG-12),the addition of zoledronic acid to adjuvant endocrinetherapy significantly improves disease-free survivaland fewer locoregional recurrences and contralateralbreast cancers in premenopausal patients (Gnant etal., 2009). Zoledronic acid therapy prevents bone lossassociated with aromatase inhibitors in premenopausaland postmenopausal breast cancer patients (Brufsky etal., 2007; Gnant et al., 2007; 2008). Thus, zoledronic acidhave been widely used in osteoporotic patients, for theprotective effect of bone loss of aromatase inhibitors andin the adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer patientsin recent years.The significant benefit of zoledronic acid is byinhibition of tumor-cell adhesion, invasion, proliferationand inducing apoptosis in cell lines (Gnant et al., 2009).Also zoledronic acid can stimulate antitumor immunereactions and exert and antiangiogenic effects (Kunzmannet al., 2000; Santini et al., 2007). In a recent trial, Schechet al. ( 2012) found that the combination of zoledronicacid and letrozole lead to increased inhibition of aromataseenzyme compared to letrozole alone. Zoledronic acidcan inhibit aromatase activity by inhibition of serinephosphorylation. This study showed that zoledronicacid potentiates the aromatase inhibition of letrozole. InABSCG-12 trial, zoledronic acid compared to placeboimproved disease-free survival in normal weight andoverweight patients (Pfeiler et al., 2011).In the light of the recent publications, zoledronic acidmay have additive effect on the inhibition of aromataseenzyme. On these grounds, it is intriguing to wonder aboutthe distribution of zoledronic acid usage in the study ofFolkerd et al. (2012).
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27373_91814fe052c533b9b1d6f6c95bcac3f8.pdf