eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1565
1570
27493
Cruciferous Vegetables: Dietary Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention
Relationships between diet and health have attracted attention for centuries; but links between diet andcancer have been a focus only in recent decades. The consumption of diet-containing carcinogens, includingpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines is most closely correlated with increasing cancer risk.Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that consumption of dietary phytochemicals found in vegetables andfruit can decrease cancer incidence. Among the various vegetables, broccoli and other cruciferous species appearmost closely associated with reduced cancer risk in organs such as the colorectum, lung, prostate and breast.The protecting effects against cancer risk have been attributed, at least partly, due to their comparatively highamounts of glucosinolates, which differentiate them from other vegetables. Glucosinolates, a class of sulphurcontainingglycosides, present at substantial amounts in cruciferous vegetables, and their breakdown productssuch as the isothiocyanates, are believed to be responsible for their health benefits. However, the underlyingmechanisms responsible for the chemopreventive effect of these compounds are likely to be manifold, possiblyconcerning very complex interactions, and thus difficult to fully understand. Therefore, this article providesa brief overview about the mechanism of such compounds involved in modulation of carcinogen metabolisingenzyme systems.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27493_5eeaa1bb2ed787201b772adfdf037cf4.pdf
Cruciferous vegetables
glucosinolates
isothiocyanates
chemopreventive
Carcinogen
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1571
1578
27494
Progress on Understanding the Anticancer Mechanisms ofMedicinal Mushroom: Inonotus Obliquus
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Recently, the demand for more effective and safer therapeuticagents for the chemoprevention of human cancer has increased. As a white rot fungus, Inonotus obliquus is valuedas an edible and medicinal resource. Chemical investigations have shown that I. obliquus produces a diverse rangeof secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, melanins, and lanostane-type triterpenoids. Amongthese are active components for antioxidant, antitumoral, and antiviral activities and for improving humanimmunity against infection of pathogenic microbes. Importantly, their anticancer activities have become a hotrecently, but with relatively little knowledge of their modes of action. Some compounds extracted from I. obliquusarrest cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase and then induce cell apoptosis or differentiation, whereas some examplesdirectly participate in the cell apoptosis pathway. In other cases, polysaccharides from I. obliquus can indirectlybe involved in anticancer processes mainly via stimulating the immune system. Furthermore, the antioxidativeability of I. obliquus extracts can prevent generation of cancer cells. In this review, we highlight recent findingsregarding mechanisms underlying the anticancer influence of I. obliquus, to provide a comprehensive landscapeview of the actions of this mushroom in preventing cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27494_49ab54263001339513c5c590d2bdb947.pdf
Medical mushroom
Inonotus obliquus
bioactive compounds
anticancer mechanism
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1579
1583
27495
Expression and Role of ICAM-1 in the Occurrence andDevelopment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, its mainfunction being to participate in recognition and adhesion between cells. ICAM-1 is considered closely relatedto occurrence, development, metastasis and invasion process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A variety ofinflammatory cytokines and stimulus affect its expression through the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaltransduction pathway. In the initial stage of inflammation, hepatocirrhosis and tumor development, ICAM-1 isexpressed differently, and has varied effects on different cells to promote occurrence of malignancy and metastasis.ICAM-1 has diagnostic significance for AFP-negative or suspected HCC, and may be a prognositic significance.It is thus widely used in studies as a biomarker which reflects cancer cells metastasis as well as curative effectof drugs. Many new treatments of HCC may be based on the effects of ICAM-1 on different levels of function.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27495_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
ICAM-1
NF-κB signal transduction pathways
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Inflammation
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1585
1592
27496
Strategies of Functional Food for Cancer Prevention in HumanBeings
Functional food for prevention of chronic diseases is one of this century’s key global challenges. Cancer isnot only the first or second leading cause of death in China and other countries across the world, but also hasdiet as one of the most important modifiable risk factors. Major dietary factors now known to promote cancerdevelopment are polished grain foods and low intake of fresh vegetables, with general importance for an unhealthylifestyle and obesity. The strategies of cancer prevention in human being are increased consumption of functionalfoods like whole grains (brown rice, barley, and buckwheat) and by-products, as well some vegetables (bittermelon, garlic, onions, broccoli, and cabbage) and mushrooms (boletes and Tricholoma matsutake). In additionsome beverages (green tea and coffee) may be protective. Southwest China (especially Yunnan Province) is ageographical area where functional crop production is closely related to the origins of human evolution withimplications for anticancer influence.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27496_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Functional food
dietary
Cancer Prevention
human being
progress in Southwest China
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1593
1596
27497
Palliative Treatment of Advanced Cervical Cancer withRadiotherapy and Thai Herbal Medicine as SupportiveRemedy - Analysis of Survival
Background: To evaluate outcomes using a Thai herbal medicine, Vilac Plus (G716/45) with standardradiotherapy in comparison with historic controls from literature reports of the results of treatment in stageIIIB cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Between March 2003 and June 2005, thirty patients with advancedcervical cancer stage IIIB-IV who had a poor performance status were treated by palliative radiotherapy alongwith an adjuvant daily dose of 15-30 ml of Thai herbal tonic solution (Vilac Plus G716/45) administered orallythree times after meals as an additional supportive therapy. The results were analyzed from the aspect of theoverall survival rates with curves estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results:.The median follow -up timefor stage IIIB was 4.2 years with a range of 7.9 months – 6.1 years. The overall 1, 3, and 5 year survival ratesfor stage IIIB were 88%, 60% and 52%. Conclusions: The overall 5 year survival rate for stage IIIB with a poorperformance status was 52% when compared with 34-54.8% for historic controls. The combined complementarypalliative radiotherapy (CCPR) had low rates of radiation morbidity. It was a simple technique and feasible fordeveloping countries. The pilot study was limited by the small number of patients and further research will benecessary to assess interrelated and confounding factors in treatment of cervical cancer patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27497_ab802f59189fe1bba0ca26da25c072f9.pdf
Advanced cervical carcinoma
palliative radiotherapy
Thai herbal medicine
lactobacillus casei
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1597
1599
27498
Serum Levels of CA15-3, AFP, CA19-9 and CEA TumorMarkers in Cancer Care and Treatment of Patients withImpaired Renal Function on Hemodialysis
Since renal failure causes decrease in tumor marker excretion, use of these markers in cancer care andtreatment in patients with renal insufficiency or hemodialysis is controversial. The aim of this study was toinvestigate differences of serum levels of tumor markers CA15-3, AFP, CA19-9 and CEA in patients with impairedrenal function. A total of 100 patients referred to the Tabriz Immam Reza and Amiralmomenin hospital fromJune 2010 to November 2011 were selected for study. Subjects were divided to 3 groups of healthy, dialysis andrenal failure but non hemodialysis cases, the last category being re-grouped based on creatinine clearance. Nosignificant relationship between different groups in serum levels of CEA (P=0.99) and CA19-9 (P=0.29) tumormarkers was found. A significant correlation was observed between serum levels of AFP (P<0.001) and CA15-3(P<0.001) and also a tendency between creatinine clearance and CEA (r=0.05, P=0.625). Creatinine clearancesignificantly correlated with AFP (P<0.001, r=0.53) and CA15-3 (p=0.00, r=-0.412), but not CA19-9 (P=0.089,r=-0.171). According to results of this study it appears that use of tumor markers in patients with impaired renalfunction should be performed with special precautions.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27498_a8791dced610bc84a09c3af9992824b4.pdf
cancer cases
Chronic kidney disease
Tumor markers
Hemodialysis
impaired renal function
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1601
1607
27499
Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Patients:Prognostic Predictive Role
A determination of circulating tumor cell (CTC) effectiveness for prediction of progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival (OS) was conducted as an adjunct to standard treatment of care in breast cancermanagement. Between November 2008 and March 2009, 22 metastatic and 12 early stage breast carcinomapatients, admitted to Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, were included in this prospective trial.Patients’ characteristics, treatment schedules and survival data were evaluated. CTC was detected twice byCellSearch method before and 9-12 weeks after the initiation of chemotherapy. A cut-off value equal or greaterthan 5 cells per 7.5 ml blood sample was considered positive. All patients were female. Median ages were 48.0(range: 29-65) and 52.5 (range: 35-66) in early stage and metastatic subgroups, respectively. CTC was positivein 3 (13.6%) patients before chemotherapy and 6 (27.3%) patients during chemotherapy in the metastaticsubgroup whereas positive in only one patient in the early stage subgroup before and during chemotherapy.The median follow-up was 22.0 (range: 21-23) and 19.0 (range: 5-23) months in the early stage and metastaticgroups, respectively. In the metastatic group, both median PFS and OS were significantly shorter in any timeCTC positive patients compared to CTC negative patients (PFS: 4.0 vs 14.0 months, Log-Rank p=0.013; andOS: 8.0 months vs. 20.5 months, Log-Rank p<0.001). OS was affected from multiple visceral metastatic sites(p=0.055) and higher grade (p=0.044) besides CTC positivity (log rank p<0.001). Radiological response ofchemotherapy was also correlated with better survival (p<0.001). As a result, CTC positivity was confirmed asa prospective marker even in a small patient population, in this single center study. Measurement of CTC byCellSearch method in metastatic breast carcinoma cases may allow indications of early risk of relapse or deathwith even as few as two measurements during a chemotherapy program, but this finding should be confirmedwith prospective trials in larger study populations.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27499_ac7648ecbf375f4e29873682ded2ff82.pdf
breast cancer
circulating tumor cells
survival
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1609
1614
27500
Influence of Intravenous Contrast Medium on Dose CalculationUsing CT in Treatment Planning for Oesophageal Cancer
Objective: To evaluate the effect of intravenous contrast on dose calculation in radiation treatment planningfor oesophageal cancer. Methods: A total of 22 intravein-contrasted patients with oesophageal cancer wereincluded. The Hounsfield unit (HU) value of the enhanced blood stream in thoracic great vessels and heart wasoverridden with 45 HU to simulate the non-contrast CT image, and 145 HU, 245 HU, 345 HU, and 445 HU tomodel the different contrast-enhanced scenarios. 1000 HU and -1000 HU were used to evaluate two non-physiologicextreme scenarios. Variation in dose distribution of the different scenarios was calculated to quantify the effectof contrast enhancement. Results: In the contrast-enhanced scenarios, the mean variation in dose for planningtarget volume (PTV) was less than 1.0%, and those for the total lung and spinal cord were less than 0.5%. Whenthe HU value of the blood stream exceeded 245 the average variation exceeded 1.0% for the heart V40. In thenon-physiologic extreme scenarios, the dose variationof PTV was less than 1.0%, while the dose calculations ofthe organs at risk were greater than 2.0%. Conclusions: The use of contrast agent does not significantly influencedose calculation of PTV, lung and spinal cord. However, it does have influence on dose accuracy for heart.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27500_b7d246b3c266e696f6bfd3e1754a4fea.pdf
Contrast medium
oesophageal cancer
dose calculation
Radiation therapy
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1615
1621
27501
Prognostic Value of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Expression inBreast Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis
Background: Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is related to tumor invasion and metastasis. However,the role of MMP-9 expression in breast cancer survival remains controversial. The purpose of this study wasto accomplish a more accurate estimation of the association between MMP-9 expression and survival results inbreast cancer patients through meta-analysis. Methods: A meta-analysis of published studies investigating theeffects of positive MMP-9 expression on both relapse free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) was performed.Relevant literature was confirmed by searching electronic databases including PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE andChina National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) before November 1, 2012. Individual hazard ratios (HRs)and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled HRs with 95% CIs were used to evaluate thestrength of the association between positive MMP-9 expression and survival results of breast cancer patients.Funnel plot and Egger’s regression tests were used to evaluate publication bias. Heterogeneity and sensitivityanalysis was also conducted. All the work was completed using STATA. Results: A total of 2,344 patients from15 evaluative studies were finally included. Pooled HRs and 95% CIs suggested that MMP-9 overexpression hadan unfavorable impact on both OS (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.41-2.04) and RFS (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.17-2.01) inbreast cancer patients. There was no significant heterogeneity observed in the studies reported for OS (P=0.360,I2=8.8%), but not RFS (P=0.002, I2=67%). Publication bias was absent among the studies both in OS and RFScases (t=-0.54, P=0.605 and t=1.71, P=0.131, respectively). Omission of any single study had little effect on thecombined risk estimates on sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that positiveMMP-9 expression confers a higher risk of relapse and a worse survival in patients with breast cancer. Largerprospective studies are now needed to evaluate the clinical utility of MMP-9 expression.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27501_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
MMP-9
breast cancer
Prognosis
Overall survival
relapse free survival
Meta-analysis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1623
1627
27502
Factors Affecting Survival Time of CholangiocarcinomaPatients: A Prospective Study in Northeast Thailand
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a major health problem and cause of death among people in NortheasternThailand. In this prospective study 171 patients newly diagnosed with CCA by physicians in 5 tertiary hospitalsin four provinces of northeastern of Thailand between February and July 2011 were followed up to January2012. The outcome was survival time from diagnosis to death. A total of 758.4 person-months of follow-up wereavailable. The mortality rate was 16.9 per 100 person-months (95%CI: 14.1-20.1). The median survival timeamong CCA patients was 4.3 months (95%CI: 3.3-5.1). Cox’s proportional hazard model was used to study theindependent effects of factors affecting survival time among patients. Statistically significant factors includedadvanced stage at diagnosis (HR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.7-3.8), presentation with jaundice (HR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.1-2.4)or ascites (HR: 2.8, 95%CI: 1.8-4.4), and positive serum carcinoembryonic antigen (HR: 2.3, 95%CI: 1.2-4.3).Patients who had received standard treatment had a better prognosis that those who did not (HR: 0.5, 95%CI:0.3-0.7).
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27502_752b6acf1a3b58f54a943ebd52d896c5.pdf
cholangiocarcinoma
survival
clinical factor
conventional treatment
alternative medicine
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1629
1633
27503
Comparison of Univariate and Multivariate Gene Set Analysisin Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Background: Gene set analysis (GSA) incorporates biological with statistical knowledge to identify gene setswhich are differentially expressed that between two or more phenotypes. Materials and Methods: In this papergene sets differentially expressed between acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with BCR-ABL and those withno observed cytogenetic abnormalities were determined by GSA methods. The BCR-ABL is an abnormal genefound in some people with ALL. Results: The results of two GSAs showed that the Category test identified 30gene sets differentially expressed between two phenotypes, while the Hotelling’s T2 could discover just 19 genesets. On the other hand, assessment of common genes among significant gene sets showed that there were highagreement between the results of GSA and the findings of biologists. In addition, the performance of these methodswas compared by simulated and ALL data. Conclusions: The results on simulated data indicated decrease inthe type I error rate and increase the power in multivariate (Hotelling’s T2) test as increasing the correlationbetween gene pairs in contrast to the univariate (Category) test.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27503_7f69630807ea96d4c72e4b62fb2e7fa6.pdf
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Microarray
gene set analysis
category
Hotelling’s T2
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1635
1642
27504
Antigenic Proteins of Helicobacter pylori of Potential DiagnosticValue
Helicobacter pylori antigen was prepared from an isolate from a patient with a duodenal ulcer. Serum sampleswere obtained from culture-positive H. pylori infected patients with duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers and gastritis(n=30). As controls, three kinds of sera without detectable H. pylori IgG antibodies were used: 30 from healthyindividuals without history of gastric disorders, 30 from patients who were seen in the endoscopy clinic but wereH. pylori culture negative and 30 from people with other diseases. OFF-GEL electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE andWestern blots of individual serum samples were used to identify protein bands with good sensitivity and specificitywhen probed with the above sera and HRP-conjugated anti-human IgG. Four H. pylori protein bands showedgood (≥ 70%) sensitivity and high specificity (98-100%) towards anti-Helicobacter IgG antibody in culturepositivepatients sera and control sera, respectively. The identities of the antigenic proteins were elucidated bymass spectrometry. The relative molecular weights and the identities of the proteins, based on MALDI TOF/TOF, were as follows: CagI (25 kDa), urease G accessory protein (25 kDa), UreB (63 kDa) and proline/pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (118 KDa). These identified proteins, singly and/or in combinations, may be usefulfor diagnosis of H. pylori infection in patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27504_7f71732b03817068560d5776f2240459.pdf
Helicobacter pylori
2-DE
western blot
mass-spectrometry
potential infection markers
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1643
1647
27505
Scoring System and Management Algorithm Assessing theRole of Survivin Expression in Predicting Progressivity of HPVInfections in Precancerous Cervical Lesions
Background: To identify the risk factors and assess the role of survivin in predicting progessivity precancerouscervical lesions. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted from October 2009 until May2010. We obtained 74 samples, classified according to the degree of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN):19 samples for CIN 1, 18 samples for CIN 2, 18 samples for CIN 3, and 19 samples as controls. Demographicprofiles and risk factors assesment, histopathologic examination, HPV DNA tests, immunocytochemistry (ICC)and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for survivin expression were performed on all samples. Data wasanalyzed with bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed significant riskfactors for developing precancerous cervical lesions are age Conclusions: Determination of survivin expression by immunocytochemistrystaining, along with other significant risk factors, can be used in a scoring system to predict the progressivity ofCIN lesions. Application of this scoring system may be beneficial in determining the action of therapy towardsthe patient.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27505_377cf55dbc4ad81444c5280e5bae2a12.pdf
Precancerous cervical lesions
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Survivin
Immunocytochemistry
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1649
1654
27506
Clinical Application of Transcatheter ArterialChemoembolization Combined with Synchronous C-armCone-Beam CT Guided Radiofrequency Ablation in treatmentof Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of transcatheter arterialchemoembolization (TACE) combined with c-arm cone-beam CT guided synchronous radiofrequency ablation(RFA) in treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: 21 patients with large HCC were studiedfrom January 2010 to March 2012. TACE combined with synchronous C-arm cone-beam CT guided RFA wereperformed on a total of 25 lesions. Conventional imaging examination (CEUS, enhanced CT or MRI) and AFPdetection were regularly conducted to evaluate the technical success rate of combined treatment, complications,treatment response, time without disease recurrence and survival rate. Results: The technical success rate ofcombined treatment was 100%, without any significant complication. After 1 month, there were 19 cases withcomplete response and 2 cases with partial response, with an complete response rate of 90.4% (19/21) and aclinical effective rate of 100% (21/21). The complete response rates of single nodular lesions (100%, 17/17) wassignificantly higher than that of multiple nodular lesions (50%, 2/4) (P < 0. 05). During 2 to 28 months of followup,in 19 cases with complete response, the average time without disease recurrence was 10.8 ± 6 months. Thetotal survival rates of 6, 12 and 18 months in 21 patients were 100%, respectively. Conclusion: TACE combinedwith synchronous C-arm CT guided RFA is safe and effective for treatment of large HCC. The treatment efficacyfor single nodular lesion is better than that for multiple nodular lesions.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27506_e8f6f006de0a8c03d34422949e481abc.pdf
Large HCC
Chemoembolization
radiofrequency ablation
C-arm cone-beam CT
Synchronous
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1655
1659
27507
Quantification of Her-2/Neu Gene in Breast Cancer Patientsusing Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (Q-PCR) andCorrelation with Immunohistochemistry Findings
Background: HER-2/neu is a proto-oncogene that encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase growth factorwhich is crucial for stimulating growth and cellular motility. Overexpression of HER-2/neu is observed in 10-35%of human breast cancers and is associated with pathogenesis, prognosis as well as response to therapy. Giventhe imperative role of HER-2/neu overexpression in breast cancer, it is important to determine the magnitudeof amplification which may facilitate a better prognosis as well as personalized therapy in affected patients. Inthis study, we determined HER-2/neu protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) concurrently withHER-2/neu DNA amplification by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). Materials andMethods: A total of 53 paired tissue samples from breast cancer patients were frozen-sectioned to characterizethe tumour and normal tissues. Only tissues with 80% tumour cells were used in this study. For confirmation,Q-PCR was used to determine the HER-2/neu DNA amplification. Results: We found 20/53 (37.7%) of thetumour tissues to be positive for HER-2/neu protein overexpression using IHC. Out of these twenty, only 9/53(17%) cases were in agreement with the Q-PCR results. The concordance rate between IHC and Q-PCR was79.3%. Approximately 20.7% of positive IHC cases showed no HER-2/neu gene amplification using Q-PCR.Conclusion: In conclusion, IHC can be used as an initial screening method for detection of the HER-2/neu proteinoverexpression. Techniques such as Q-PCR should be employed to verify the IHC results for uncertain cases aswell as determination of HER-2/neu gene amplification
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27507_1e661b27375e67c905ddbb10f3715764.pdf
breast cancer
HER-2/neu gene quantification
Real time
polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR)
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1661
1664
27508
Personalized Cancer Treatment for Ovarian Cancer
Recently there have been numerous advances in understanding the genetic basis of cancer which have resultedin more appropriate treatments. In this paper we describe the experience of the Burzynski Clinic, involved intreatment of numerous patients based on personalized approach using novel combinations for difficult-to-treatmalignancies, with gynecological cancers. This retrospective study was conducted by extracting data fromBurzynski Clinic’s medical records and comprehensive review. Among the advanced refractory ovarian cancerscases (N=33), an objective response (OR) was found in 42.4%. We anticipate that with improved technology andnovel therapeutics this rate will increase and adverse events will be reduced.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27508_a573896e02e11dbf2bb8d1961098c293.pdf
Ovarian cancers
Burzynski approach
personalized treatment
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1665
1667
27509
Lymph Node Ratio Assessment of Brain Metastasis in EarlyBreast Cancer Cases
Background: Ten to 30% of early breast cancer (EBC) patients develop brain metastasis (BM) during theirfollow-up. In this study, we aimed to evaluate importance of the lymph node ratio (LNR) in development ofBM in EBC cases. Materials and Methods: Ninety patients whom had axillary metastases in lymph nodes attheir initial diagnosis and developed BM during 5-year follow-up were detected in 950 EBC patients. LNRvalues were calculated for all patients and after categorization into 4 molecular sub-types as luminal A, luminalB HER-2 (+), HER-2 overexpressing and basal- like. Comparison was with control group patients who hadsimilar characteristics. Results: In the comparison of all molecular sub-types of LNR, 54.9% and 28.4% valueswere found in patients with and without BM respectively (p<0.001). In the comparison of the LNR with controlgroups, a statistically significant differences were found with luminal A with BM (p=0.001), luminal B HER-2(p=0.001), HER-2 overexpressing (p=0.027) and basal-like groups (p<0.001). In the evaluation of patients withBM, the highest ratio was found in the basal-like group (67.9%) and there was a statistically significant differencebetween this group and the others (p=0.048). Conclusions: EBC patients developing BM within 5 years followuphad significantly higher LNRs for all molecular sub-types, especially in the basal-like group. Larger scalestudies are now needed for evaluating LNR prognostic importance for EBC regarding BM development.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27509_4838647f75e6de178ee41ea945f0791d.pdf
Early breast cancer
brain metastasis
lymph node ratio
Prognosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1669
1676
27510
Correlation of Cancer Incidence with Diet, Smoking and Socio-Economic Position Across 22 Districts of Tehran in 2008
Background: Variation in cancer incidence in geographical locations is due to different lifestyles and riskfactors. Diet and socio-economic position (SEP) have been identified as important for the etiology of cancer butpatterns are changing and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations of the incidence ofcommon cancers with food groups, total energy, smoking, and SEP. Materials and Methods: In an ecologicalstudy, disaggregated cancer data through the National Cancer Registry in Iran (2008) and dietary intake,smoking habits and SEP obtained through a population based survey within the Urban Health Equity Assessment(Urban-HEART) project were correlated across 22 districts of Tehran. Results: Consumption of fruit, meatand dairy products adjusted for energy were positively correlated with bladder, colorectal, prostate and breastand total cancers in men and women, while these cancers were adversely correlated with bread and fat intake.Also prostate, breast, colorectal, bladder and ovarian cancers had a positive correlation with SEP; there was nocorrelation between SEP and skin cancer in both genders and stomach cancer in men. Conclusions: The incidenceof cancer was higher in some regions of Tehran which appeared to be mainly determined by SEP rather thandietary intake. Further individual data are required to investigate reasons of cancer clustering.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27510_fdf9600db09488a47a1fc29917951a66.pdf
Cancer Incidence
food groups
smoking
socio-economic position (SEP)
Tehran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1677
1680
27511
Survival in Patients Treated with Definitive Chemo-Radiotherapy for Non-Metastatic Esophageal Cancer in North-West Iran
Background: Areas of Iran have among the highest incidences of esophageal cancer in the world. Definitivechemo-radiotherapy (DCRT) is used for locally advanced esophageal cancer and for inoperable tumors asanalternative to surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in North-West Iran 2006-2011, including 267 consecutive patients with non-metastatic esophageal cancer. Eligibleinoperable patients were treated with DCRT or definitive radiotherapy (DRT) alone. Radiotherapy (RT) wasdelivered at 1.8-2 Gy/day for five consecutive days in a given week. Chemotherapy (CT) consisted of cisplatinand 5-fluorouracil. Results: The median survival was 12.7 months with 1, 3 and 5 year survival rates of 55%,18% and 11%, respectively. On univariate analysis, relations with age at diagnosis (p=0.015), N-stage (p=0.04),total dose of RT (p=0.001), fraction (p<0.001), Gap status (p=0.025), chemotherapeutic regimens (P=0.027), and5-Fu Mg/m2 (P=0.004) were apparent. Comparing DCRT to DRT, there was a significant difference in survival.Multivariate analysis was performed for comparison between DCRT and DRT showed significant associationwith age group ≥65 to Conclusions: The survival rates of esophageal cancer treatedwith DCRT in North West of Iran is poor; therefore, early detection and improved treatment methods, withclinical trials are a high priority.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27511_f976ec1541247192cdce9a0638670788.pdf
survival
Esophageal Cancer
definitive chemo radiotherapy
North-West Iran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1681
1685
27512
Tissue Expression, Serum and Salivary Levels of IL-10 inPatients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Background: Head and neck SCC is a common cancer related to various factors. IL-10, a pleiotropic cytokineproduced by macrophages, T-helper-2 cells, and B lymphocytes, is thought to play a potential pathogenetic ortherapeutic role in a number of human conditions, such as inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. The presentstudy was designed to evaluate the relation between tissue expression, serum and salivary levels of IL-10 in headand neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and their correlation with clinicopathologic features. Materialsand Methods: Samples were collected from 30 patients with HNSCCs and 24 healthy volunteers. IHC analysiswas used to examine the tissue expression and ELISA was employed to measure serum and salivary levels.Results: Our study showed tissue expression of IL-10 to be significantily higher in patients (P: 0.001), but therewas no relation between tissue expression , serum and salivary levels of the marker (P>0.05). Also except for apositive correlation between tissue expression of IL-10 and stage (P: 0.044), there was no relation between thismarker and clinicopathologic features. There was no correlation between serum and salivary levels in eitherpatients or controls. Conclusions: It seems there is no correlation between level of IL-10 in serum and salivaand this marker in saliva and serum does not reflect tissue expression.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27512_8aa49b90e45695d546746d0fafc71511.pdf
Interleukin-10
Head and neck SCC
Serum
Saliva
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1687
1689
27513
Genetic Screening for Mutations in the Chip Gene in IntracranialAneurysm Patients of Chinese Han Nationality
We performed a case-control study to investigate whether SNPs of CHIP might affect the development of IAin Chinese Han nationality. We believe we are the first to have screened IA patients for mutations in the CHIPgene to determine the association with these variants. The study group comprised 224 Chinese Han nationalitypatients with at least one intracranial aneurysm and 238 unrelated healthy Han nationality controls. GenomicDNA was isolated from blood leukocytes. The entire coding regions of CHIP were genotyped by PCR amplificationand DNA sequencing. Differences in genotype and allele frequencies between patients and controls were testedby the chi-square method. Genotype and allele frequencies of the SNP rs116166850 was demonstrated to bein Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies between case andcontrol groups was detected at the SNP. Our data do not support the hypothesis of a major role for the CHIPgene in IA development in the Chinese Han population.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27513_adf7686a4bca31a197e3eb543b5658f5.pdf
CHIP
genetic screening
intracranial aneurysms
subarachnoid hemorrhage
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1691
1695
27514
No Association Between Tea Consumption and Risk of RenalCell Carcinoma: A Meta-analysis of Epidemiological Studies
Objective: To evaluate the association between tea consumption and the risk of renal cell carcinoma.Methods: We searched PubMed,Web of Science and Scopus between 1970 and November 2012. Two evaluatorsindependently reviewed and selected articles based on predetermined selection criteria. Results: Twelveepidemiological studies (ten case-control studies and two cohort studies) were included in the final analysis. Ina meta-analysis of all included studies, when compared with the lowest level of tea consumption, the overallrelative risk (RR) of renal cell carcinoma for the highest level of tea consumption was 1.03 (95% confidenceinterval [CI] 0.89–1.21). In subgroup meta-analyses by study design, there was no significant association betweentea consumption and renal cell carcinoma risk in ten case-control studies using adjusted data (RR=1.08, 95% CI0.84–1.40). Furthermore, there was no significant association in two cohort studies using adjusted data (RR=0.95,95% CI 0.81–1.12). Conclusion: Our findings do not support the conclusion that tea consumption is related todecreased risk of renal cell carcinoma. Further prospective cohort studies are required.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27514_7e2548a98a51711d7ab4604d5b0768f8.pdf
Tea consumption
renal cell carcinoma
Meta-analysis
epidemiological studies
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1697
1701
27515
Meta-analysis of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms and Riskof Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Background: Studies of associations between genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1)and glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) with risk of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) have generated conflictingresults. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the effects of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms on therisk of developing NPC. Materials and Methods: A literature search in two electronic databases namely PubMedand EMBASE up to December 2012 was conducted and eligible papers were finally selected based on the inclusionand exclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and presence of heterogeneity and publication bias in thosestudies were evaluated. Results: A total of 9 studies concerning nasopharyngeal cancer were evaluated. Analysesof all relevant studies showed increased NPC risk to be significantly associated with the null genotypes of GSTMI(OR=1.43, 95%CI 1.24-1.66) and GSTT1 (OR=1.28, 95%CI=1.09-1.51). In addition, evidence of publication biaswas detected among the studies on GSTM1 polymorphism. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated theGSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are associated with an increased risk of NPC.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27515_cd8efacb930088166636ba9a870b5f89.pdf
Nasopharyngeal cancer
GSTM1
GSTT1
Meta-analysis
Polymorphism
risk
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1703
1706
27516
In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of the Antitumor Efficiency ofResveratrol Against Lung Cancer
Lung cancer remains a deadly disease with unsatisfactory overall survival. Resveratrol (Res) has the potentialto inhibit growth of several types of cancer such as prostate and colorectal examples. In the current study, weevaluated in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficiency of Res in a xenograft model with A549 cells. Cell inhibitioneffects of Res were measured by MTT assay. Apoptotis of A549 cells was assessed with reference to caspase-3activity and growth curves of tumor volume and bodyweight of the mice were measured every two days. Invitro cytotoxicity evaluation indicated Res to exert dose-dependent cell inhibition effects against A549 cells withactivation of caspase-3. In vivo evaluation showed Res to effectively inhibit the growth of lung cancer in a dosedependentmanner in nude mice. Therefore, we believe that Res might be a promising phytomedicine for cancertherapy and further efforts are needed to explore this potential therapeutic strategy.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27516_279e9d60e88fc7bec7a87480fc875ab0.pdf
Resveratrol
Lung cancer
antitumor efficiency
therapeutic strategy
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1707
1713
27517
Education and Counseling of Pregnant Patients with ChronicHepatitis B: Perspectives from Obstetricians and PerinatalNurses in Santa Clara County, California
Background: This study aimed to better understand the barriers to perinatal hepatitis B prevention and toidentify the reasons for poor hepatitis B knowledge and delivery of education to hepatitis B surface-antigenpositivepregnant women among healthcare providers in Santa Clara County, California. Materials and Methods:Qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 obstetricians and 17 perinatal nurses in Santa Clara County,California, which has one of the largest populations in the United States at high risk for perinatal hepatitisB transmission. Results: Most providers displayed a lack of self-efficacy attributed to insufficient hepatitis Btraining and education. They felt discouraged from counseling and educating their patients because of a lackof resources and discouraging patient attitudes such as stigma and apathy. Providers called for institutionalchanges from the government, hospitals, and nonprofit organizations to improve care for patients with chronichepatitis B. Conclusions: Early and continuing provider training, increased public awareness, and development ofcomprehensive resources and new programs may contribute to reducing the barriers for health care professionalsto provide counseling and education to pregnant patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27517_ae1b1bd8b8aa1fef56636475aa8a47ce.pdf
Hepatitis B
provider education
Qualitative study
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1715
1720
27518
Effects of Differential Distribution of Microvessel Density,Possibly Regulated by miR-374a, on Breast Cancer Prognosis
Background: The discovery that microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate proliferation, invasion and metastasis providesa principal molecular basis of tumor heterogeneity. Microvessel distribution is an important characteristic ofsolid tumors, with significant hypoxia occurring in the center of tumors with low blood flow. The distributionof miR-374a in breast tumors was examined as a factor likely to be important in breast cancer progression.Methods: Breast tissue samples from 40 patients with breast cancer were classified into two groups: a highlyinvasive and metastatic group (HIMG) and a low-invasive and metastatic Group (LIMG). Samples were collectedfrom the center and edge of each tumor. In each group, six specimens were examined by microRNA array, andthe remaining 14 specimens were used for real-time RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses.Correlation analysis was performed for the miRNAs and target proteins. Follow-up was carried out during 28months to 68 months after surgery, and survival data were analyzed. Results: In the LIMG, the relative contentof miR-374a was lower in the center of the tumor than at its edge; in the HIMG, it was lower at the edge of thetumor, and miR-374a levels were lower in breast cancer tissues than in normal tissues. There was no differencebetween VEGF-A and VCAM-1 mRNA levels at the edge and center of the tumor; however, we observed asignificant difference between VEGF-A and VCAM-1 protein expression levels in these two regions. There wasa negative correlation between miR-374a and target protein levels. The microvessel density (MVD) was lower inthe center of the tumor than at its edge in HIMG, but the LIMG vessels were uniformly distributed. There wasa significant positive correlation between MVD and the number of lymph node metastases (Pearson correlation,r=0.912, P<0.01). The median follow-up time was 48.5 months. LIMG had higher rate of disease-free survival(100%, P=0.013) and longer median survival time (66 months) than HIMG, which had a lower rate of 75% andshorter median survival time (54 months). Conclusions: Our data demonstrated miR-374a to be differentiallydistributed in breast cancer; VEGF-A and VCAM-1 mRNA had coincident distribution, and the distribution ofteh respective proteins was uneven and opposite to that for the miR-374a. These data might explain the differencesin the distribution of MVD in breast cancer and variation in breast cancer prognosis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27518_5e47d842b24f25bf7d04a807f383037c.pdf
breast cancer
miR-374a
VEGF-A
vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
microvessel density
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1721
1724
27519
Epirubicin Inhibits Soluble CD25 Secretion by Treg CellsIsolated from Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Patients
Objective: To investigate the effect of epirubicin on soluble CD25 (sCD25) secretion by CD4+CD25+regulatory T (Treg) cells isolated from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Methods: Treg cellswere isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from the newly diagnosed DBLCL patients.The concentration of sCD25 in the supernatant was determined with a commercial sCD25 (IL-2R) enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The fluorescence intensity of CD25 was detected by flow cytometry. Results:Cell survival rate was significantly decreased along with the increase of epirubicin concentration after treatmentfor 24 h. There was also a significant difference in the concentration of sCD25 between the epirubicin group andthe control group (P<0.01). A positive correlation between the Treg cells survival rate and the concentration ofsCD25 was detected (r=0.993, P<0.01). When equal numbers of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells of the epirubicin groupand the control group were cultured for another 24 h without epirubicin the CD25 fluorescence intensity onthe surface of Treg cells was obviously higher in the epirubicin group than that in the control group (P<0.01),while the sCD25 concentration in the supernatant in the epirubicin group was significantly lower than that inthe control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Epirubicin may improve the body’s immune functions by inhibiting thesCD25 secretion by Treg cells in DLBCL patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27519_a8086f772a04ba25c09d9008e53ab930.pdf
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells
epirubicin
soluble CD25
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1725
1729
27520
Prognostic Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells and SerumCA15-3 Levels in Metastatic Breast Cancer, Single CenterExperience, Preliminary Results
Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cancer causing death in women. Circulating tumor cellsare among the prognostic factors while tumor markers are of diagnostic value and can be used for follow-up.The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the prognostic significance of the serum CA15-3levels, number of circulating tumor cells and histopathological tumor factors. Materials and Methods: Thirtypatients recently diagnosed with breast cancer were included in the study. Number of circulating tumor cells andserum CA15-3 level were assessed when metastasis was detected and diagnostic value was assessed. Presence ofassociations with estrogen and progesterone receptors, c-erbB2, Ki-67 proliferation index and histological gradewere also evaluated. Results: Median overall survival of the patients with serum CA15-3 levels of >108 ng/dlwas 19 months whereas for those with a low serum level it was 62 months. Median overall survival for CTC≥5vs CTCConclusions: Prognostic significance of the CTC count and CA15-3 levels in metastaticbreast cancer patients was demonstrated.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27520_52d6bb154171372495fc45955f3900ef.pdf
circulating tumor cells
Metastatic breast cancer
CA15-3
Turkey
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1731
1735
27521
Exploration of Molecular Mechanisms of Diffuse Large B-cellLymphoma Development Using a Microarray
Objective: We aimed to identify key genes, pathways and function modules in the development of diffuse largeB-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with microarray data and interaction network analysis. Methods: Microarray datasets for 7 DLBCL samples and 7 normal controls was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with Student’s t-test. KEGG functionalenrichment analysis was performed to uncover their biological functions. Three global networks were establishedfor immune system, signaling molecules and interactions and cancer genes. The DEGs were compared with thenetworks to observe their distributions and determine important key genes, pathways and modules. Results: Atotal of 945 DEGs were obtained, 272 up-regulated and 673 down-regulated. KEGG analysis revealed that twogroups of pathways were significantly enriched: immune function and signaling molecules and interactions.Following interaction network analysis further confirmed the association of DEGs in immune system, signalingmolecules and interactions and cancer genes. Conclusions: Our study could systemically characterize geneexpression changes in DLBCL with microarray technology. A range of key genes, pathways and function moduleswere revealed. Utility in diagnosis and treatment may be expected with further focused research.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27521_f5a62a9f9b14d8a82034a7743f5864a8.pdf
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
differentially expressed genes
pathway
module
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1737
1742
27522
Compliance with Screening Recommendations According toBreast Cancer Risk Levels in Izmir, Turkey
Early diagnosis has a major role in improving prognosis of breast cancer. The purpose of this study wasto assess the risk status of women 35-69 years of age using risk assessment models and the prevalence ofmammography in a community setting. The sample of this cross sectional study consisted of 227 women, 35-69years of age residing in Izmir, a city located in western region of Turkey. A questionnaire was used to collectdata and the Gail and Cuzick-Tyrer models were applied to assess the risk of breast cancer. In this study, 52.7%of women had mammography at least once, and 41.3% of the women over the age of 40 had mammographyscreening in the last two years. The five years risk for breast cancer was high in 15.8% of women according tothe Gail model and ten years risk was high in 21.7% with the Cuzick-Tyrer model. In the present study, thebreast cancer risk levels were assessed in a population setting for the first time in Turkey using breast cancerrisk level assessment models. Being in 60-69 age group, having low education and not being in menopause weresignificant risk factors for not having mammography according to logistic regression analysis. Mammographyutilization rate was low. Women must be educated about breast cancer screening methods and early diagnosis.The women in the high risk group should be informed on their risk status which may increase their attendanceat breast cancer screening.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27522_4bfb754dfa91cc147d0155a62e0f68a5.pdf
Breast cancer - cancer risk assessment models –
mammography - screening
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1743
1746
27523
Clinical and Histopathological Analysis of 66 Cases withCardiac Myxoma
Background and Purpose: Cardiac myxoma is a major primary heart tumor which often causes unexpectedsymptoms or sudden death. This present study was designed to investigate its clinical pathological features andbiological behavior. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical pathologic and immunohistochemical featuresof 66 cases with cardiac myxoma was conducted. Results: In 66 patients with cardiac myxoma, 61 cases hadinvolvement of the left atrium, one case in both the right ventricular and left atria. The female: male ratio was2.7:1. Patients had symptoms of blood flow obstruction and systemic alterations with performance of arterialembolization. Tumors were spherical, lobulated or irregular in shape, and soft and brittle. Immunohistochemicalmarkers of vimentin and CD34 in tumor cells were positive. Conclusion: Cardiac myxoma always exists in theleft atrium and is more common in women, with diverse clinical manifestations and pathomorphism. Althoughproliferative activity and the recurrence rate are low, in addition to thorough surgical resection, strengthenedreview is important for young patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27523_fd546f5cca721ec419c96df93d9b3b8c.pdf
Cardiac myxoma
clinical features
histopathology
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1747
1753
27524
Determinants of Smoking Initiation and Susceptibility toFuture Smoking among School-Going Adolescents in LagosState, Nigeria
Background: It is projected that low and middle-income countries will bear a major burden of tobacco relatedmorbidity and mortality, yet, only limited information is available on the determinants of smoking initiationamong youth in Africa. This study aimed to assess the determinants of smoking initiation and susceptibility tofuture smoking among a population of high school school students in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and Methods:Baseline data from an intervention study designed to assess the effect of an anti-smoking awareness program onthe knowledge, attitudes and practices of adolescents was analyzed. The survey was carried out in six randomlyselected public and private secondary schools in local government areas in Lagos state, Nigeria. A total of 973students completed self-administered questionnaires on smoking initiation, health related knowledge and attitudestowards smoking, susceptibility to future smoking and other factors associated with smoking. Results: Of therespondents, 9.7% had initiated smoking tobacco products with the predominant form being cigarettes (7.3%).Males (OR: 2.77, 95%CI: 1.65-4.66) and those with more pro-smoking attitudes (OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.34-1.54)were more likely to have initiated smoking. Those with parents and friends who are smokers were 3.47 (95%CI:1.50-8.05) and 2.26 (95%CI: 1.27-4.01) times more likely to have initiated smoking. Non-smoking students, inprivately owned schools (OR: 5.08), with friends who smoke (5.09), with lower knowledge (OR: 0.87) and morepro-smoking attitudes (OR 1.13) were more susceptible to future smoking. In addition, respondents who hadbeen sent to purchase cigarettes by an older adult (OR: 3.68) were also more susceptible to future smoking.Conclusions: Being male and having parents who smoke are predictors of smoking initiation among these students.Consistent with findings in other countries, peers not only influence smoking initiation but also influence smokingsusceptibility among youth in this African setting. Prevention programs designed to reduce tobacco use amongin-school youth should take these factors into consideration. In line with the recommendations of article 16 ofthe WHO FCTC, efforts to enforce the ban on the sales of cigarettes to minors should be also emphasised.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27524_f3faff625096a687476ef8f706871df2.pdf
Tobacco smoking - adolescents - susceptibility - Lagos State
Nigeria
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1755
1760
27525
Low Prevalence of HPV in Male Sexual Partners of HR-HPVInfected Females and Low Concordance of Viral Types inCouples in Eastern Guangdong
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of genital high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in male sexualpartners of HR-HPV infected women and the concordance of viral types in couples in China, and comprehendthe role of men play in HPV transmission to women. Methods/Materials: 94 asymptomatic women and theirhusbands from rural Chaozhou participated in epidemiologic screening for HPV infection. Cervical cells fromfemales were collected for high risk HPV screening by real time-PCR, and they were positive for at least 1 of 13HR-HPV subtypes, then these samples were genotyped. Approximately one mouth later, penile epithelial cellsfrom 94 asymptomatic husbands were collected for HPV genotyping. At the same time, a cross-sectional studywas conducted in 366 male patients from sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatient clinic in China for theprevalence of genital HR-HPV infection in men having frequent sex behavior. Penial epithelial cells were collectedfor HPV 6/11 and HPV 16/18 detection by fluorescent real-time quantified PCR. Results: Among 94 couples,the prevalence of genital HR-HPV infection in men whose wife was positive for cervical HR-HPV was 5.32%(5/94). Only 2.63% (2/76) had the same high risk viral type presented by their wife. HPV 16 proved to be themost prevalent viral type in men and in couples. Of 366 male patients from STD outpatient clinic, the prevalenceof HPV 16/18 infection in men with or without HPV 6/11 was 6.85% and 8.16%, respectively. The incidenceof HPV 16/18 was higher in men aged more than 35 years than the young men (18-35 years). Conclusion: Theprevalence of genital HR-HPV infection in male sexual partners of HPV-positive women in China was lowerthan that expected, and the concordance of high risk viral type between couples was extremely low. These datasuggested that infected men consitute an important viral reservoir, contributing to transmission of HR-HPV towomen and maintenance of infection, but HR-HPV infection may be less likely to persist in men than in women.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27525_a4aa8af41f0b3eca3c665361c06ed1ac.pdf
Genital HR-HPV
Prevalence
Men
China
type-specific concordance
Couples
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1761
1768
27526
Quality of Life and Chemotherapy-related Symptoms ofTurkish Cancer Children Undergoing Chemotherapy
This cross-sectional and descriptive study was designed to determine symptoms emerging due to chemotherapytreatment and their effects on children’s quality of life. The research was carried out between February 2008 andFebruary 2009 at the pediatric oncology clinics in four hospitals, focusing on 93 patients receiving chemotherapy.A survey form, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0) and the Memorial Symptom AssessmentScale (MSAS) were used as data collection tools. Chi-square and Student t tests were performed for data analysis.Some 51.6% of the children were aged 13-15 years old, and 51.8% were boys and 50.5% were diagnosed as havingsolid tumors. There were significant relations between: antimetabolite chemotherapeutics and feeling irritableand worrying (p=0.001, p=0.030); vinkoalkaloid and numbness/tingling in hands/feet (p=0.043); antracyclinesand lack of energy and skin changes (p=0.021, p=0.004); and corticosteroids and lack of appetite, nausea andsadness (p=0.008, p=0.009, p=0.009). Several symptoms such as feeling sad, worrying and feeling irritable causeda significant decrease in the total domain of quality of life scores (p=0.034, p=0.012, p=0.010, respectively).Chemotherapeutic drugs can cause symptoms that can seriously affect quality of life in children.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27526_4ca44dda14789b598adac036240ea807.pdf
children
cancer
Chemotherapy
Symptoms
Quality of Life
Turkey
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1769
1772
27527
Positive Association Between miR-499A>G and HepatocellularCarcinoma Risk in a Chinese Population
A case-control study of the association of miR-499A>G rs3746444 with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)was conducted. Patients with HCC and healthy control subjects were recruited for genotyping of miR-499A>G using duplex polymerase-chain-reaction with confronting-two-pair primer(PCR-RFLP) analysis. TheMiR-499 GG genotype was associated with a decreased risk of HCC as compared with the miR-499 AA genotype(adjusted OR=0.74, 95%CI=0.24-0.96). Similarly, the GG genotype showed a 0.45-fold decreased HCC risk in arecessive model. The MiR-499 G allele was significantly associated with decreased risk of HCC among patientsinfected with HBV in a dominant model (OR=0.09, 95%CI= 0.02-0.29). In conclusion, the MiR-499A>G rs3746444polymorphism is associated with HCC risk in the Chinese population, and may be useful predictive marker forCAD susceptibility.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27527_44a6874c0795a75b2c4121f0b3de1b1e.pdf
miR-499A>G
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Susceptibility
Chinese population
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1773
1780
27528
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Factors in Korean Cancer Survivors
Background: This study was designed to evaluate prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among cancersurvivors compared to non-cancer controls from a population-based sample and to identify associated riskfactors. Materials and Methods: Data from the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition ExaminationSurvey were analyzed to compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, as defined by 2009 consensuscriteria. Associated factors with were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis among cancersurvivors. Results: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in cancer survivors (n = 335) was similarto that in the non-cancer population (n = 10,671). However, gastric cancer survivors showed lower risk ofmetabolic syndrome than non-cancer controls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]0.20-0.86). Age of more than 60 years (aOR 4.83, 95% CI 1.94−12.03), BMI between 23 and 25 (aOR 6.71,95% CI 2.90−15.6), BMI more than 25 (aOR 12.23, 95% CI 5.20−28.77) were significantly associated withthe metabolic syndrome in cancer survivors. Conclusions: Cancer survivors are unlikely to have a higherrisk of the metabolic syndrome than non-cancer controls in Korea. This finding may be due to a relativelyhigh proportion of gastric cancer survivors in Korea than in Western countries. The risk for metabolicsyndrome among cancer survivors would appear to vary according to oncological and non-oncologicalfactors.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27528_47423073db76c912442f2be50e31efca.pdf
Metabolic Syndrome
cancer survivors
Prevalence
risk factors
Korea
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1781
1786
27529
Comparative Assessment of Skin and Subcutaneous Toxicityin Patients of Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma Treated withDifferent Schedules of FOLFOX
Objective: The study was designed to assess the skin and subcutaneous toxicity in patients with advancedcolorectal carcinoma treated with four different schedules of FOLFOX. Methods: The patients with histologicallyconfirmed advanced colorectal carcinoma (CRC) were included in the study as per specified inclusion criteria.Toxicity was graded according to CTC v2.0. The frequency of grade 3 and 4 adverse effects were comparativelyassessed in each treatment arm. Results: Very severe toxicity was attributed to the FOLFOX7 schedule. Thedifference between the incidence rate of grade 4 toxicity with all other grades for all parameters of skin andsubcutaneous toxicity was highly significant (p=0.00<0.001). Grade 4 hand and foot syndrome was reported onlyin the FOLFOX7 treatment arm. The most frequent adverse symptom of skin and subcutaneous toxicity reportedin the patients treated with modified schedule of FOLFOX was pruritus (grade 1). Frequency and onset of skinand subcutaneous toxic symptoms like alopecia (p=0.000), nail discoloration (p=0.021) and pruritis (p=0.000)was significantly different in each FOLFOX treatment arm. A few cases of oncholysis were also reported inthe FOLFOX7 treatment arm. Hand and foot syndrome was fast progressing in patients with grade 1 toxicity.Conclusion: Higher frequency and severity of hand and foot syndrome and pruritus wasa found in the FOLFOX7treatment arm. Skin and subcutaneous toxicity was comparatively low in the FOLFOX6 treatment arm.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27529_eeb0bd1d439b5a8a4d87e60112bf489c.pdf
FOLFOX
Oxaliplatin
Colorectal carcinoma
hand and foot syndrome
pruritis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1787
1790
27530
ZD1839 and Cisplatin Alone or in Combination for Treatmentof a Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Line and Xenografts
This study evaluated the effects of ZD1839, an orally active, selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) both in vitro and in vivo. Influence of ZD1839alone or combined with cisplatin on the NPC cell line CNE2 was detected by MTT assay with flow cytometryassessment of cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rates. Nude mice NPC xenografts were also used to evaluatethe effects of ZD1839 alone or combined with cisplatin. The Student’s t test evaluated statistical significance.ZD1839 alone or combined with cisplatin inhibited CNE2 cell line proliferation. ZD1839 induced CNE2 cellcycle arrest in the G1 phase, and higher concentrations induced apoptosis. Xenograft tumors were significantlysmaller when treated with 200 mg/kg ZD1839, cisplatin, or cisplatin combined with 100 mg/kg ZD1839 thanuntreated controls. ZD1839 (200 mg/kg) alone showed good tumor inhibition effects, reduction of tumor weights,and smaller tumor volume without loss of body weight. ZD1839 (200 mg/kg) might provide a good and effectivetherapeutic reagent for NPC.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27530_c183652817f906e0cefed5dbf298242e.pdf
combined chemotherapy
cell proliferation/drug effects
Cisplatin
EGFR
protein kinase inhibitors
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1791
1795
27531
Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction of HumanUmbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Apogossypolone
Aims and Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the male reproductivesystem, which causes the second most cancer deaths of males, and control of angiogenesis in prostate lesions is ofobvious importance. This study assessed the effect of apogossypolone (ApoG2) on proliferation and apoptosis ofhuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Subjects and Methods: HUVECs were treated with differentconcentrations of ApoG2. The survival rate of HUVECs were determined by MTT assay. Utrastructural changesof HUVECs were assessed with transmission electron microscopy. Apoptosis in HUVECs was analyzed by flowcytometry and cell migration by Boyden chamber assay. Matrigel assays were used to quantify the development oftube-like networks. Results: ApoG2 significantly inhibited HUVEC growth even at 24 h (P<0.05). The inhibitoryeffect of ApoG2 is more obvious as the concentration and the culture time increased (P<0.05). These resultsindicate that ApoG2 inhibits the proliferation of HUVECs in a time- and concentration-dependent manner withincrease of the apoptosis rate. Besides, ApoG2 reduced the formation of total pseudotubule length and networkbranches of HUVECs. Conclusions: The results suggest that ApoG2 inhibits angiogenesis of HUVECs by growthinhibition and apoptosis induction.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27531_d7cad22e320b23265a2f5248692df34a.pdf
Apogossypolone
human umbilical vein endothelial cell
cell apoptosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1797
1802
27532
Clinical Factors Related with Helicobacter Pylori Infection -Is there an Association with Gastric Cancer History in First-Degree Family Members?
Background: The aim of this study was to assess clinical factors associated with Helicobacter pylori positivityand to evaluate the incidence of gastric carcinoma in first-degree family members of infected patients. A totalof 580 patients (mean age:38±17) with gastrointestinal complaints underwent C-14 urea breath test (UBT).Patients were grouped as: Group-1, untreated patients (n:384); and Group-2, patients who previously treatedwith eradication triple therapy (n:196). C-14 UBT was performed 1-2 months after the completion of eradicationtherapy. Associations of H pylori positivity with age, gender, ABO and Rhesus groups, smoking, dietary habits,and history of gastric cancer in first-degree family members were evaluated. The frequency of H pylori positivitywas significantly higher in group-1 (58%) compared to group-2 (20%), p=0.001. There were no correlationsbetween H pylori positivity and age, gender, ABO groups, Rhesus subgroups, smoking and dietary habits inboth patient groups. The frequency of gastric cancer in family members was significantly higher in patients withH pylori infection among group-1, compared to infected patients among group-2 (56% vs. 28.6% respectively,p=0.03). We observed a significant association between H pylori positivity and the presence of gastric cancer infirst-degree relatives of group-1 patients. Our results provide some confirmation of the presence of a link betweengastric cancer development and H pylori. C-14 UBT is a sensitive, reliable and a widely recommended test forthe detection of H pylori infection and recurrence. We suggest that detection and eradication of H pylori maycontribute to a reduced risk of gastric cancer in the family members of infected patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27532_13f47fdd49b2ecb587ad329971cf8ecb.pdf
Helicobacter pylori
Gastric cancer
C-14 urea breath test
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1803
1806
27533
Prognostic Value of Preoperative Serum CA 242 in EsophagealSquamous Cell Carcinoma Cases
Purpose: Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 242 is inversely related to prognosis in many cancers. However, fewdata regarding CA 242 in esophageal cancer (EC) are available. The aim of this study was to determine theprognostic value of CA 242 and propose an optimum cut-off point in predicting survival difference in patientswith esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 192 cases.A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for survival prediction was plotted to verify the optimum cufoffpoint. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate prognostic parameters for survival.Results: The positive rate for CA 242 was 7.3% (14/192). The ROC curve for survival prediction gave an optimumcut-off of 2.15 (U/ml). Patients with CA 242 ≤ 2.15 U/ml had significantly better 5-year survival than patients withCA 242 >2.15 U/ml (45.4% versus 22.6%; P=0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that differentiation (P=0.033),CA 242 (P=0.017), T grade (P=0.004) and N staging (P<0.001) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions:Preoperative CA 242 is a predictive factor for long-term survival in ESCC, especially in nodal-negative patients.We conclude that 2.15 U/ml may be the optimum cuf-off point for CA 242 in predicting survival in ESCC.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27533_d327406d594befaa201e6268c430696a.pdf
Esophageal Cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
CA 242
Tumor marker
Prognostic factor
survival
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1807
1811
27534
Incidence Trends of Colorectal Cancer in the West of IranDuring 2000-2005
Background: Colorectal cancer is a main leading cause of cancer death in western countries. Although manystudies have been conducted on incidence trends all over the world in recent years, information regarding changesin incidence of colorectal cancer in Iran is insufficient. The present study of colorectal cancer in the west of Iranduring recent years was therefore performed. Materials and Methods: The registered data for colorectal cancercases in National Cancer Registry System were extracted from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education,Center for Disease Control and Management. The codes from 18-21 among cancers were selected for colon andrectum cancers. Incidence rates were standardized directly using WHO population. The significance of incidencerate trends during 2000-2005 was tested through Poisson regression. Results: 762 cases of colorectal cancer wereobserved during 6 years in this region, with a gender ratio of men to women of 1.2. It increased from 65 casesin 2000 to 213 cases in 2005 or from 1.5 per100,000 per persons per year to 4.8. Significant increasing trendswere evident in Kermanshah and Hamadan provinces; however, change did not reach significance in Ilam andKurdistan provinces. Conclusions: Colorectal cancer has an increasing trend in the west of Iran. Although itseems that the increasing rate of colorectal cancer is due to increasing of cancer risk factors, some proportionmay be related to the improvement of surveillance systems in Iran.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27534_e53d519d0d5b749e475f0e7d8326f575.pdf
colorectal
cancer
incidence trend
West of Iran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1813
1817
27535
Seroreactivity to Helicobacter pylori Antigens as a Risk Indicatorof Gastric Cancer
Background: Multiple etiologic factors are suspected to cause gastric cancer, the most important of whichis infection with virulent types of Helicobacter pylori. Materials and Methods: We have compared 102 gastriccancer patients with 122 non-ulcer, non-cancer dyspeptic patients. Gastric specimens were evaluated for H.pylori infection by tissue-based detection methods. Patient sera underwent antigen-specific ELISA and westernblotting using a Helicoblot 2.1 kit and antibody responses to various H. pylori antigens were assessed. Results:The absolute majority (97-100%) of both groups were H. pylori seropositive. Multivariate regression analysisdemonstrated serum antibodies to the low molecular weight 35kDa protein to be protective and reduce the riskof gastric cancer by 60% (OR:0.4; 95%CI:0.1-0.9). Conversely, seroreactivity to the 89kDa (VacA) protein wassignificantly higher in gastric cancer patients (OR:2.7; 95%CI:1.0-7.1). There was a highly significant association(p<0.001) between seroreactivity to the 116kDa (CagA) and 89kDa (VacA) proteins, and double positive subjectswere found at nearly five fold (OR:4.9; 95%CI:1.0-24.4) enhanced risk of gastric cancer as compared to doublenegative subjects. Conclusions: Seroreactivity to H. pylori low (35kDa) and high (116kDa/89kDa) molecularweight antigens were respectively revealed as protective and risk indicators for gastric cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27535_5332ac3b6ff2bb2417ad84249b628032.pdf
Helicoblot
Gastric cancer
35kDa
vacA
cagA
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1819
1823
27536
Analysis of Key Genes and Pathways Associated with ColorectalCancer with Microarray Technology
Objective: Microarray data were analyzed to explore key genes and their functions in progression of colorectalcancer (CRC). Methods: Two microarray data sets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using corresponding packages of R. Functionalenrichment analysis was performed with DAVID tools to uncover their biological functions. Results: 631 and 590DEGs were obtained from the two data sets, respectively. A total of 32 common DEGs were then screened outwith the rank product method. The significantly enriched GO terms included inflammatory response, response towounding and response to drugs. Two interleukin-related domains were revealed in the domain analysis. KEGGpathway enrichment analysis showed that the PPAR signaling pathway and the renin-angiotensin system wereenriched in the DEGs. Conclusions: Our study to systemically characterize gene expression changes in CRCwith microarray technology revealed changes in a range of key genes, pathways and function modules. Theirutility in diagnosis and treatment now require exploration.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27536_b08b65164ab6a1e6aeb1d57c0a8cb451.pdf
colorectal cancer
differentially expressed genes
Microarray
pathway
functional enrichment analysis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1825
1828
27537
Increased Migration and Local Invasion Potential of SiHaCervical Cancer Cells Expressing Aquaporin 8
Overexpression of several aquaporins (AQPS) has been reported in different types of human cancer but rolesin human carcinogenesis have yet to be clearly defined. Here, we up-regulated expression of the AQP8 gene inSiHa human cervical cancer cells with a lentivirus transfection system and investigated its effects as a potentialtherapeutic target for cervical cancer. Results showed AQP8 overexpression did not affect their substrateadherence and proliferation, but accelerated migration as assessed by transwell migration and wound healingassays. Moreover, AQP8 overexpression significantly enhanced local invasion of SiHa cells in nude mice. Thesefindings altogether indicate that AQP8 overexpression increases migration of SiHa cells and probably participatesin the process of tumor local invasion.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27537_79fd92173c2c3b8568eedd876ae11d31.pdf
Lentivirus
cell transfection
AQP8
Cell migration
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1829
1832
27538
In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Seed Oil of Fenugreek AgainstVarious Cancer Cell Lines
In the present study, investigations were carried out to screen the anticancer activities of fenugreek seedoil against cancer cell lines (HEp-2, MCF-7, WISH cells), and a normal cell line (Vero cells). Cytotoxicity wasassessed with MTT and NRU assays, and cellular morphological alterations were studied using phase contrastlight microscopy. All cells were exposed toi 10-1000 μg/ml of fenugreek seed oil for 24 h. The results show thatfenugreek seed oil significantly reduced the cell viability, and altered the cellular morphology in a dose dependentmanner. Among the cell lines, HEp-2 cells showed the highest decrease in cell viability, followed by MCF-7, WISH,and Vero cells by MTT and NRU assays. Cell viability at 1000 μg/ml was recorded as 55% in HEp-2 cells, 67%in MCF-7 cells, 75% in WISH cells, and 86% in Vero cells. The present study provides preliminary screeningdata for fenugreek seed oil pointing to potent cytotoxicity against cancer cells.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27538_c233aa852eaa7a4a8b97241106c8c732.pdf
Cytotoxicity
cancer cells
fenugreek
cellular morphology
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1833
1840
27539
Inhibition of Metastatic Lung Cancer in C57BL/6 Mice byMarine Mangrove Rhizophora apiculata
Metastasis is one of the hallmarks of malignant neoplasms and is the leading cause of death in many cancerpatients. A major challenge in cancer treatment is to find better ways to specifically target tumor metastasis.In this study, the anti-metastatic potential of the methanolic extract of Rhizophora apiculata (R.apiculata) wasevaluated using the B16F-10 melanoma induced lung metastasis model in C57BL/6 mice. Metastasis was inducedin C57BL/6 mice by injecting highly metastatic B16F-10 melanoma cells through the lateral tail vein. Simultaneoustreatment with R.apiculata extract (10 mg/kg b.wt (intraperitoneal) significantly (p<0.01) inhibited pulmonarytumor nodule formation (41.1 %) and also increased the life span (survival rate) 107.3 % of metastatic tumorbearing animals. The administration of R.apiculata extract significantly (p<0.01) reduced biochemical parameterssuch as lung collagen hydroxyproline, hexosamine, uronic acid content, serum nitric oxide (NO), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and sialic acid levels when compared to metastasis controls. These results correlated withlung histopathology analysis of R.apiculata extract treated mice showing reduction in lung metastasis and tumormasses. Taken together, our findings support that R.apiculata extract could be used as a potential anti-metastasisagent against lung cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27539_b191ff13b81038505f31070061b9ceb9.pdf
Rhizophora apiculata
Metastasis
lung metastasis
B16F-10 melanoma
Pyrazole
nitric oxide
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1841
1846
27540
Salvage Therapy of Gemcitabine Plus Endostar SignificantlyImproves Progression-free Survival (PFS) with PlatinumresistantRecurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Anti-angiogenic agents have played crucial roles in the treatment of ovarian cancer in recent years, butpotential benefits of endostatin have been largely unexplored. The present retrospective study evaluated itsefficacy and toxicity with two cohorts of patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer. One cohortreceived gemcitabine plus endostar (rh-endostatin), and the second cohort received gemcitabine regimen alone,with totals of 31 and 27 patients, respectively. The main endpoints were disease control rate (DCR), PFS, overallsurvival (OS) and safety. There were statistically significant differences in DCR (70.9% vs. 40.7%; P = 0.02) andPFS (6.3 months vs. 3.2 months, P = 0.001) between the two cohorts. Though the endostar cohort also improvedmedian OS by 2.1 months, there was no statistically significant difference compared with gemcitabine alonecohort in this case (12.5 months vs. 10.4 months, P = 0.201). Treatment was well tolerated for most patients, andtoxicity of endostar was negligible. Gemcitabine plus endostar significantly improved the prognosis in patientswith platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer, especially in those with malignant effusion. The endostarcontainingregimen is recommended in this setting.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27540_94ce56533dc2c267ee2a107bbe1ebed8.pdf
Salvage therapy
Gemcitabine
Endostar
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1847
1850
27541
Effect of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group FPolymorphisms on Gastric Cancer Risk and Associations withH.pylori Infection
We conducted a hospital case-control study by genotyping four potential functional single nucleotidepolymorphisms (SNPs) to assess the association of Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F (XPF)with gastric cancer susceptibility, and role of XPF polymorphisms in combination with H.pylori infection in riskdefinition. A total of 331 patients with gastric cancer and 355 controls were collected. Four SNPs of XPF, rs180067,rs1799801, rs2276466 and rs744154, were genotyped by Taqman real-time PCR method with a 7900 HT sequencedetector system. The gastric cancer patients were more likely to have smoking habit, a family history of cancerand H.pylori infection. We did not find any significant difference in the genotype distributions of XPF rs180067,rs1799801, rs2276466 and rs744154 between cases and controls. However, multivariate logistic analysis showeda non-significant decreased risk in patients carrying rs180067 G allele, rs1799801 T allele or rs2276466 T allelegenotypes. A non-significant increased risk of gastric cancer was found in individuals carrying the rs744154 GGgenotype. Stratification by H.pylori infection and smoking was not significantly different in polymorphisms ofXPF rs180067, rs1799801, rs2276466 and rs744154. The four XPF SNPs did not show significant interaction withH.pylori infection and smoking status (P for interaction was 0.35 and 0.18, respectively). Our study indicatedthat polymorphisms in rs180067, rs1799801, rs2276466 and rs744154 may affect the risk of gastric cancer butfurther large sample size studies are needed to validate any association.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27541_f3754716a8796e0f1d2f8cb54fec4302.pdf
Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F
SNPs
Gastric cancer
H.pylori
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1851
1863
27542
Diurnal Variation, Vertical Distribution and SourceApportionment of Carcinogenic Polycyclic AromaticHydrocarbons (PAHs) in Chiang-Mai, Thailand
Diurnal variation of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated by collecting PM10at three different sampling altitudes using high buildings in the city center of Chiang-Mai, Thailand, during therelatively cold period in late February 2008. At site-1 (12 m above ground level), B[a]P concentrations rangedfrom 30.3 -1,673 pg m-3 with an average of 506±477 pg m-3, contributing on average, 8.09±8.69% to ΣPAHs. Indand B[b]F concentrations varied from 54.6 to 4,579 pg m-3 and from 80.7 to 2,292 pg m-3 with the highest averageof 1,187±1,058 pg m-3 and 963±656 pg m-3, contributing on average, 19.0±19.3% and 15.4±12.0% to ΣPAHs,respectively. Morning maxima were predominantly detected in all observatory sites, which can be described bytypical diurnal variations of traffic flow in Chiang-Mai City, showing a morning peak between 6 AM. and 9 AM.Despite the fact that most monitoring sites might be subjected to specific-site impacts, it could be seen that PAHprofiles in Site-1 and Site-2 were astonishingly homogeneous. The lack of differences suggests that the sourcesignatures of several PAHs become less distinct possibly due to the impacts of traffic and cooking emissions fromground level.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27542_d0861e2a71a153868efa3363538f0ad3.pdf
Diurnal variation
vertical distribution
PAHs
agricultural-waste burning
Chiang-Mai
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1865
1877
27543
Vertical Distribution and Potential Risk of ParticulatePolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in High Buildings of Bangkok, Thailand
Vertical variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in PM10 were investigated inorder to assess the factors controlling their behavior in the urban atmosphere of Bangkok City, Thailand. Airsamples were collected every three hours for three days at three different levels at Bai-Yok Suit Hotel (site-1 andsite-2) and Bai-Yok Sky Hotel (site-3) in February 18th-21st, 2008. The B[a]P concentration showed a value 0.54fold, lower than the United Kingdom Expert Panel on Air Quality Standard (UK-EPAQS; i.e. 250 pg m-3) at thetop level. In contrast, the B[a]P concentrations exhibited, at the ground and middle level, values 1.50 and 1.43times higher than the UK-EPAQS standard respectively. PAHs displayed a diurnal variation with maximums atnight time because of the traffic rush hour coupled with lower nocturnal mixing layer, and the decreased windspeed, which consequently stabilized nocturnal boundary layer and thus enhanced the PAH contents aroundmidnight. By applying Nielsen’s technique, the estimated traffic contributions at Site-3 were higher than those ofSite-1: about 10% and 22% for Method 1 and Method 2 respectively. These results reflect the more complicatedemission sources of PAHs at ground level in comparison with those of higher altitudes. The average values ofincremental individual lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for all sampling sites fell within the range of 10−7-10−6, beingclose to the acceptable risk level (10−6) but much lower than the priority risk level (10−4).
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27543_9c20ea530abbace24ede74b9f33aadd0.pdf
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
vertical distribution
Diurnal variation
traffic emissions
Bangkok
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1879
1887
27544
Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Particulate Carcinogensand Mutagens in Bangkok, Thailand
To investigate the level of genotoxicity over Bangkok atmosphere, PM10 samples were collected at the KlongchanHousing Authority (KHA), Nonsree High School (NHS), Watsing High School (WHS), Electricity GeneratingAuthority of Thailand (EGAT), Chokchai 4 Police Station (CPS), Dindaeng Housing Authority (DHA) andBadindecha High School (BHS). For all monitoring stations, each sample covered a period of 24 hours taken at anormal weekday every month from January-December 2006 forming a database of 84 individual air samples (i.e.12×7=84). Atmospheric concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs (i.e. phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene andfluoranthene) were measured in PM10 at seven observatory sites operated by the pollution control department ofThailand (PCD). The mutagenicity of extracts of the samples was compared in Salmonella according to standardAmes test method. The dependence of the effects on sampling time and on sampling location was investigatedwith the aid of a calculation of mutagenic index (MI). This MI was used to estimate the increase in mutagenicityabove background levels (i.e. negative control) at the seven monitoring sites in urban area of Bangkok due toanthropogenic emissions within that area. Applications of the AMES method showed that the average MI ofPM10 collected at all sampling sites were 1.37±0.10 (TA98; +S9), 1.24±0.08 (TA98; -S9), 1.45±0.10 (TA100; +S9)and 1.30±0.09 (TA100; -S9) with relatively less variations. Analytical results reconfirm that the particulate PAHconcentrations measured at PCD air quality monitoring stations are moderately low in comparison with previousresults observed in other countries. In addition, the concept of incremental lifetime particulate matter exposure(ILPE) was employed to investigate the potential risks of exposure to particulate PAHs in Bangkok atmosphere.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27544_936d8d2ffcfa1607d72a791c4b723f6a.pdf
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Ames test
PM10
mutagens
carcinogens
Bangkok
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1889
1894
27545
Clinical Outcomes of Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma ofthe Esophagus: A Retrospective Analysis of 142 Cases
Background: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (BSCCE) is a rare and distinctive tumorwith no standard treatment. This study aimed to explore treatment in relation to prognosis of the disease.Methods: A total of 142 patients with BSCCE that underwent treatment in our hospital from March 1999 toJuly 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received surgery, 42 postoperative radiotherapy and 28patients chemotherapy. Results: There were 26 patients included in stage I, 60 in stage II, 53 in stage III and 3in stage IV. The clinical symptoms and macroscopic performances of BSCCE did not differ from those of typicalesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Among 118 patients receiving endoscopic biopsy, only 12 were diagnosedwith BSCCE. The median survival time (MST) of the entire group was 32 months, with 1-, 3- and 5-year overallsurvival (OS) of 81.4%, 46.8% and 31.0%, respectively. The 5-year OS of stage I and II patients was significantlylonger than that of stages III/IV, at 60.3%, 36.1% and 10.9%, respectively (p<0.001, p=0.001). The MST and5-year OS were 59.0 months and 47.4% in patients with tumors located in the lower thoracic esophagus, and27.0 months and 18.1% in those with lesions in the upper/middle esophagus (p=0.002). However, the survivalwas not significantly improved in patients undegoing adjunctive therapy. Multivariate analysis showed TNMstage and tumor location to be independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, distant metastasis was the mostfrequent failure pattern, with a median recurrence time of 10 months. Conclusion: BSCCE is an aggressive diseasewith rapid progression and a propensity for distant metastasis. It is difficult to make a definitive diagnosis viapreoperative biopsy. Multidisciplinary therapy including radical esophagectomy with extended lymphadenectomyshould be recommended, while the effectiveness of radiochemotherapy requires further validation for BSCCE.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27545_72eb9b822c4eecbdfb4ada76e731d568.pdf
Esophageal Neoplasm
basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
Surgery
multidisciplinary therapy
Prognosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1895
1903
27546
Lifestyle Practice among Malaysian University Students
Background: It is well established that a healthy lifestyle is of benefit in the prevention of diseases such ascancer and promotion of well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine lifestyle practice andassociated factors among university students in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study wasconducted over six months from November 2011 until May 2012 among the students from the Management andScience University. This study was approved by its ethical committee , the students being explained the objectiveand invited to participate. A consent form was signed by all study participants. Questionnaire was distributedrandomly to the students of the five faculties through their lecturers in different faculty. For univariate analysist-test and ANOVA test were performed. Multiple linear regression used for multivariate analysis using SPSS 13.0.Results: A total number of 1100 students participated with a mean age of 22.1±2.21 (SD) years. The majoritywere 22 years or younger (56.3%), female (54%), Malay (61.5%), single (92.3%), with family monthly income≥5000 Ringgit Malaysia (41.2%). Regarding lifestyle, about were 31.6% smokers, 75.6% never drank alcoholand 53.7% never exercised. Multivariate analysis showed that age, sex, race, parent marital status, participantmarital status, type of faculty, living status, smoking status, exercise, residency, brushing teeth, fiber intake andavoid fatty food significantly influenced the practice of drinking alcohol among university students (p=0.006,p=0.042, p<0.001, p=0.003, p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.003, p<0.001;respectively). It similarly showed that sex, race, parent marital status, participant marital status, monthlyfamily income, exercise, residency, brushing teeth and fiber intake significantly influenced the practice of sunprotection (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.017, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001; respectively) andthat age, sex, parent marital status, participant marital status, type of faculty, living status, exercise, taking nonprescribedmedication, brushing the teeth, coffee consumption and fiber intake were significantly influencedthe practice of fruits consumption (p=0.008, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001,p=0.002, p<0.001, P<0.001; respectively). Conclusions: This study showed a poor practice of healthy lifestyleamong university students. Therefore universities should emphasize a healthy lifestyle in all faculties as a requiredsubject. Socio-demographic characteristics significantly influenced practice and thus should be considered whenplanning preventive measures among university students. Frequent campaigns and educational seminars are tobe encouraged.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27546_886e20610d8c7218285ae14d14b493b4.pdf
Lifestyle
Practice
University Students
Malaysia
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1905
1909
27547
Patient and Clinical Variables Account for Changes in HealthrelatedQuality of Life and Symptom Burden as TreatmentOutcomes in Colorectal Cancer: A Longitudinal Study
Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate changes in treatment outcomes in terms of healthrelatedquality of life (HRQoL) and symptom burden at zero, one, three, and six months after an initial diagnosisof colorectal cancer. The demographic and clinical characteristics that account for outcome changes in patientswere investigated using a repeated measures framework. Methods and Materials: A cohort study was performedof 134 colorectal cancer patients followed from diagnosis to 6 months post-treatment in Central Taiwan. HRQoLand symptoms were assessed at diagnosis and one, three, and six months thereafter. The Functional Assessmentof Cancer Therapy-Colon (FACT-C) questionnaire, VAS pain, and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale(MSAS) were used for data collection. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was applied for statisticalanalysis. Results: The majority of the patients were male (55%) and married (91.5%). The mean age was 60.4years (SD = 11.71). Most were diagnosed stage III and IV colorectal cancer (54.5%). All underwent surgery;some also received chemotherapy (CT) or concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT). The results of the GEEshowed that overall, the HRQoL, pain, and symptoms of the patients significantly improved over the treatmentperiod. Patients with stage IV disease who had received surgery and CCRT showed the worst HRQoL. Females,patients with comorbidity, and stage IV patients had higher pain scores over time. Female and stage IV patientshad more severe physical symptoms, whereas stage II and IV patients had worse psychological symptoms overtime. Conclusion: The patients’ HRQoL, pain, and symptoms significantly improved over the 6-month treatmentperiod. Certain patient and clinical variables accounted for changes in treatment outcomes regarding HRQoLand symptom burden in colorectal cancer patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27547_c814f5ec1c064f2ba462eb8990ca1081.pdf
HRQOL
Pain
symptom
Outcomes
colorectal cancer
GEE
Taiwan
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1911
1918
27548
Carotenoid Intake and Esophageal Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis
This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between intake of carotenoids and risk ofesophageal cancer. A systematic search using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, andCBM (updated to 6 May 2012) identified ten articles meeting the inclusion criteria with 1,958 cases of esophagealcancer and 4,529 controls. Higher intake of beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein,and zeaxanthin reduced esophageal cancer risk with pooled ORs of 0.58 (95% CI 0.44, 0.77), 0.81 (95% CI 0.70,0.94), 0.75 (95% CI 0.64, 0.86), 0.80 (95% CI 0.66, 0.97), and 0.71 (95% CI 0.59, 0.87), respectively. In subgroupanalyses, beta-carotene showed protective effects against esophageal adenocarcinoma in studies located in Europeand North America. Alpha-carotene, lycopene, and beta-cryptoxanthin showed protection against esophagealsquamous cell cancer. This meta-analysis suggested that higher intake of carotenoids (beta-carotene, alphacarotene,lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin) is associated with lower risk of esophageal cancer.Further research with large-sample studies need to be conducted to better clarify the potentially protectivemechanisms of carotenoid associations risk of different types of esophageal cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27548_05c69c9a7d81e7550751e8cac788367a.pdf
Carotenoids (lycopene
b-carotene) - esophageal cancer - cancer risk - meta-analysis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1919
1923
27549
Smoking and Associated Factors Among the Population Aged 40-64 in Shahroud, Iran
Background: Smoking is known as a major risk factor for different types of cancer, as well as cardiovasculardisease. Its prevalence is increasing in developing countries. The aims of this study were to determine theprevalence of smoking and its associated factors among the population aged 40-64 years in the city of Shahroudwhich is a representative urban population in Iran. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional population-basedstudy with stratified random cluster sampling was conducted in 2009 as the first phase of Shahroud Eye CohortStudy. Of 6,311 people, 5,190 participated (82.2%). Information about smoking habit was obtained by face-tofaceinterview. Results: The overall prevalence of current tobacco smoking was 11.3% (95%CI: 10.5-12.3). It wassignificantly higher among males than females (25.7% and 0.71%, P<0.001). The prevalence of current cigarettesmoking was 10.8% and 1.75% were past smokers. The smoking rate of water-pipe was 0.67%. Unemployedpeople smoked more than employed (OR=2.66, 95%CI: 1.38-5.14). Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking islow in Shahroud compared with other parts of Iran and other countries. Age, sex, job and marital status wereassociated with smoking. The low smoking rate among women may be attributed to cultural and social reasons.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27549_9a1d895da137591d5ee78d3384feea2e.pdf
Prevalence
smoking
Tobacco
urban Iran
health survey
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1925
1929
27550
Association Between MDM2 SNP309 T>G and Risk of GastricCancer: A Meta-analysis
Background: As a negative regulator of P53, MDM2 plays an important role in carcinogenesis; a polymorphismin its promoter region. SNP309 T>G, is known to increase the expression of MDM2, thus being considered relatedto higher susceptibility to neoplasia. However, no agreement has been achieved regarding its effects on gastriccancer. Methods: The present systematic meta-analysis was performed based on comprehensive literature searchfrom Pubmed, Web of science and CBM databases. Results: It was suggested from 6 independent studies thatthe GG genotype is associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer (Recessive: OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.08-1.91, P = 0.013), and subgroup analysis also confirmed the relationship (English publications-recessivemodel: OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.10-1.91, P = 0.009; Studies in China-recessive model: OR = 1.58, 95% CI =1.08-2.30, P = 0.017). No publication bias was detected. Conclusion: The meta-analysis indicated a significantinverse association between GG genotype carriage and elevated risk of gastric cancer. However, more studiesand detailed information are needed to fully address the topic.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27550_88f2ce3e11f4c700bb450f768bad728a.pdf
MDM2
Polymorphism
Gastric cancer
Meta-analysis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1931
1935
27551
Determinants of Tobacco Cessation Behaviour among Smokersand Smokeless Tobacco Users in the States of Gujarat andAndhra Pradesh, India
Background: This study was undertaken to identify the socio-demographic determinants of quit attemptsamong smokers and smokeless tobacco users to identify correlates of tobacco cessation behaviour in IndiaMaterials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study for the outcome of quit attempts made by current tobaccousers in last 12 months in twelve districts in two states. Simple and multivariable logistic regression analysis wasused to obtain the odds ratios (ORs) of socio-demographic variables (age, gender, education, occupation, socioeconomicstatus, community, area, type of family) and tobacco user status (smoker/smokeless). Results: In thecombined analysis, a smoker had higher predicted probability of attempting quitting (OR- 1.41,CI 1.14 -1.90),in comparison to a smokeless tobacco user and a tobacco user in the state of Gujarat was less likely to attemptquitting than a user in Andhra Pradesh (OR-0.60, CI 0.47-0.78). The probability of making a quit attempt washigher among tobacco users who were more educated (OR-1.40, CI 1.04-1.94), having a higher socio-economicstatus (SES) (OR-2.39, CI 1.54-3.69), and belonging to non-agricultural labourer occupational group (OR-1.90,CI 1.29-2.78). The effects were maintained even after adjusting for all other variables. In disaggregated analysis,findings were similar except in smokeless as a separate group, education level was not significantly associatedwith quit attempts and with lower odds (OR-0.91, CI 0.58-1.42). Conclusions: This is one of the first studies toprovide useful insight into potential determinants for quit attempts of tobacco users in India including smokelesstobacco users, exploring the socio-demographic patterning of correlates of quit attempts.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27551_5b1f2ca7f510041b0aabdbc23e6f3d66.pdf
Smoker
smokeless
quit attempts
determinants
India tobacco control
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1937
1943
27552
Different Association of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase GenePolymorphisms with Risk of Prostate, Esophageal, and LungCancers: Evidence from a Meta-analysis of 20,025 Subjects
Altered expression or function of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) has been shown to be associatedwith cancer risk but assessment of gene polymorphisms has resulted in inconclusive data. Here a search ofpublished data was made and 22 studies were recruited, covering 20,025 case and control subjects, for metaanalysesof the association of MnSOD polymorphisms with the risk of prostate, esophageal, and lung cancers. Thedata on 12 studies of prostate cancer (including 4,182 cases and 6,885 controls) showed a statistically significantassociation with the risk of development in co-dominant models and dominant models, but not in the recessivemodel. Subgroup analysis showed there was no statistically significant association of MnSOD polymorphismswith aggressive or nonaggressive prostate cancer in different genetic models. In addition, the data on fourstudies of esophageal cancer containing 620 cases and 909 controls showed a statistically significant associationbetween MnSOD polymorphisms and risk in all comparison models. In contrast, the data on six studies of lungcancer with 3,375 cases and 4,050 controls showed that MnSOD polymorphisms were significantly associatedwith the decreased risk of lung cancer in the homozygote and dominant models, but not the heterozygote model.A subgroup analysis of the combination of MnSOD polymorphisms with tobacco smokers did not show anysignificant association with lung cancer risk, histological type, or clinical stage of lung cancer. The data from thecurrent study indicated that the Ala allele MnSOD polymorphism is associated with increased risk of prostateand esophageal cancers, but with decreased risk of lung cancer. The underlying molecular mechanisms warrantfurther investigation.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27552_9c14593389a68397804e17cb457fa58b.pdf
Manganese superoxide dismutase
Polymorphism
Prostate Cancer
Esophageal Cancer
Lung cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1945
1949
27553
Component Analysis of Esophageal Cancer Incidence inKazakhstan
Esophageal cancer (EC) incidence rates in Kazakhstan were assessed by component analysis based on primaryregistered cases in 2001-2010. It was found that despite an apparent general decrease in the number of ECpatients in Kazakhstan, a potential increase should be evaluated, due to changes in aging as well as the increasein population. Some problems of EC patients’ registration were broached with an emphasis on the importance ofthe expected absolute number and reasons for undercounting in the country. Based on these, ways of improvingthe recording and registration of such patients in the country were suggested.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27553_d8f3ff3526b847718da225da7659f6f9.pdf
Component analysis
Esophageal Cancer
incidence data
prevalence data
Kazakhstan
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1951
1955
27554
Genetic Polymorphism of MTHFR A1298C and EsophagealCancer Susceptibility: A Meta-analysis
Background: Associations between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C polymorphismand esophageal cancer risk have been reported in many articles recently, but results were controversial. Thereforethe present meta-analysis was conducted to to provide a more precise estimation. Methods: Odds ratios (ORs)with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the strength of associations. Results: Finally, six casecontrolstudies involving a total of 1,302 cases and 2,391controls for the A1298C polymorphism were included. Themeta-analysis showed that significantly increased risk for Asians (CC versus AA, OR=3.799, 95%CI=1.541-9.365,P=0.004; CCversusCA+AA, OR=3.997, 95%CI=1.614-9.900, P=0.003) and Caucasians (CC versus AA, OR=1.797,95%CI=1.335-2.418, P=0.000; CC+CA versus AA,OR=1.240, 95%CI=1.031-1.492, P=0.022; CCversusCA+AA,OR=1.693, 95%CI=1.280-2.240, P=0.000). In addition, there was an association with risk for both ESCC (CCversus AA, OR=2.529, 95%CI=1.688-3.788, P=0.000; CCversusCA+AA, OR=2.572, 95%CI=1.761-3.758, P=0.000)and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) (CC versus AA, OR=1.592, 95%CI=1.139-2.227, P=0.007; CC+CA versusAA,OR=1.247, 95%CI=1.016-1.530, P=0.035; CCversusCA+AA, OR=1.466, 95%CI=1.069-2.011, P=0.018).Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested associations of the A1298C polymorphism with increased risk ofesophageal cancer in both Asians and Caucasians. In addition, we found that the MTHFR A1298C polymorphismmight influence risk ofESCC and EAC in the overall studies.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27554_fd2f5f4a7cb78c20cf29b6093c694964.pdf
MTHFR ﹣ A1298C ﹣ polymorphism ﹣ esophageal cancer ﹣ meta-analysis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1957
1963
27555
Oral Cancer Awareness and its Determinants among a SelectedMalaysian Population
Objective: To assess oral cancer awareness, its associated factors and related sources of information among aselected group of Malaysians. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on all Malaysian ethnic groupsaged ≥15 years old at eight strategically chosen shopping malls within a two week time period. Data wereanalysed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. Significance level was set at α Results:Most (84.2%) respondents had heard of oral cancer. Smoking was the most (92.4%) recognized high risk habit.Similar levels of awareness were seen for unhealed ulcers (57.3%) and red/white patches (58.0%) as signs of oralcancer. Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, occupation and income were significantly associatedwith oral cancer awareness (p<0.05). Conclusions: There was a general lack of awareness regarding the riskhabits, early signs and symptoms, and the benefits of detecting this disease at an early stage. Mass media andhealth campaigns were the main sources of information about oral cancer. In our Malaysian population, genderand age were significantly associated with the awareness of early signs and symptoms and prevention of oralcancer, respectively.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27555_a18181e48f6fb06b7f2dd7ee106af573.pdf
Mouth Neoplasms
awareness
risk habits
signs and symptoms
mouth self-examination
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1965
1967
27556
Impact of Various Tumor Markers in Prognosis of GastricCancer. A Hospital Based Study from Tertiary Care Hospitalof Kathmandu Valley
Background: To obtain the maximum additional information about the prognosis of gastric cancer, wecompared CA-50 with other previously defined markers. Materials and Methods: This hospital based studywas carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences between 1stJuly 2012 and 31st December 2012. The variables collected were age, gender, AFP, CEA, CA19-9, and CA50,assayed with ELISA reader for all cases. The cut off values for serum AFP, CEA, CA19-9, and CA-50 were 10μg/l, 10 μg/l, 37 U/ml, and 20 U/ml, respectively according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Approval for thestudy was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Results: Of the 40 examined patients, 13patients had tumors located in the upper third of the stomach, 6 patients had tumors in the middle third, 16patients had tumors in the lower third, and 5 patients had tumors occupying two-thirds of the stomach or more.The distribution of lymph node staging of the patients was as follows: 7 patients belonged to N0, 9 patients to N1stage, 10 patients to N2 stage, and 14 patients to N3 stage. The statistical method of Cox proportional hazardsusing multivariate analysis also illustrated that tumor markers including CEA (2.802), CA19-9 (2.690), CA50(2.101), were independent prognostic factors, as tumor size (1.603), and lymph node stage (1.614). Conclusions:The tumour markers now available, like CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 50, chiefly perceive advanced gastric cancer.The preoperative rise in those tumour marker level have a prognostic significance and may be clinically helpfulin choosing patients for adjuvant management.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27556_9e8d09b53cabb79a118948400e83eb26.pdf
Tumor markers
Gastric cancer
Kathmandu Valley
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1969
1974
27557
Knowledge of Colorectal Cancer Screening among YoungMalaysians
The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and associated factors regarding colorectal cancerscreening among university students in Malaysia. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: socio-demographiccharacteristics, lifestyle practice and knowledge of colorectal screening. A cross-sectional study was conductedamong 300 students (21.3±1.4 years old). The majority of the participants were Malay with a monthly familyincome of less than 5,000 Ringgit Malaysia (equal to 1,700 USD) (67.0% and 76.0%, respectively). Regardingtheir lifestyle practices, the majority were non-smokers and had never consumed alcohol (83.7%, and 88.0%,respectively). The majority of the participants had no knowledge of digital rectal examination, colonoscopy,barium enema and fecal occult blood screening (63.3%, 60.7%, 74.0% and 62.3%, respectively). Univariate andmultivariate analysis revealed that their age and the discipline which the students were studying significantlyinfluenced their level of knowledge about colorectal screening. The present study results indicate that educationcampaigns about colorectal cancer should be promoted.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27557_a6f0866f8fb3b01115c099c4aa00e4a1.pdf
Screening
colorectal cancer
Questionnaire
Students
Malaysia
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1975
1979
27558
Expression and Significance of the Wip1 Proto-oncogene inColorectal Cancer
Aim: To investigate the level of expression of proto-oncogene Wip1 and its physiological significance incolorectal cancer. Methods: Immunohistochemistry, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blotting were usedto analyze Wip1 mRNA and protein expression in 120 cases of colorectal cancer and normal tissues to studyrelationships with clinical symptoms and disease prognosis. Results: The level of Wip1 protein expression wasfound to be significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissues (85% (102/120)) than in normal tissues (30% (36/120))(P < 0.05). The relative amount of Wip1 protein in colorectal cancer tissue was also found to be significantlyhigher (P < 0.05) than in normal tissues (1.060±0.02 and 0.640±0.023, respectively). Semi-quantitative RT-PCRshowed average Wip1 mRNA expression levels to be 1.113 ±0.018 and 0.658±0.036 for colorectal cancer tissue andadjacent normal tissue (P < 0.05). The level of Wip1 protein expression was not correlated with age, gender, ortumor site, but appeared linked with lymph node metastasis, Dukes stage, histological grade, and liver metastasis.Individuals with high and low levels of Wip1 expression showed statistically significant differences in the five-yearoverall survival and recurrence-free survival rates (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Wip1 mRNA and protein are highlyexpressed in colorectal cancers and may be associated with colorectal cancer development and progression.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27558_8e6a161673e5a9ac22c69c764c428e4a.pdf
Wip1
colorectal cancer
immunohistochemistry
reverse transcription
Polymerase Chain Reaction
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1981
1984
27559
Adjuvant Trastuzumab for 6 Months is Effective in Patientswith HER2-positive Stage II or III Breast Cancer
Objective: The optimal duration of adjuvant trastuzumab treatment in patients with HER2-positive breastcancer is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 6 months of adjuvant trastuzumabtreatment in patients with stage II or III HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods: The records of patients withHER2-positive stage II or III breast cancer who were admitted to the Breast Center of Taipei Medical UniversityHospital and Yuan’s General Hospital between 2000 and 2008 were reviewed. All patients received adjuvanttrastuzumab at an initial dose of 4 mg/kg followed by a maintenance dose of 2 mg/kg/week for 22 weeks incombination with chemotherapy. Results: A total of 51 patients were included with a mean age of 46.9 years.Approximately 55% of the patients had stage III disease. The mean follow-up time from initiation of treatment was45.2 months (range, 0.9 to 85 months). During follow-up, 46 patients (90.2%) did not experience tumor recurrence.The mean estimated disease free survival was 80.2 months. The estimated 1- , 2-, 5-, and 7-year survival rateswere 97.9%, 93.1%, 93.1%, and 93.1%, respectively. The most common adverse effects were gastrointestinalsymptoms (21.6%), chills (17.6%), dizziness (9.8%), and bone pain (7.8%). No cardiac or hematologic adverseevents occurred. Conclusion: Adjuvant therapy with trastuzumab for 6 months resulted in a clinical benefit inpatients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27559_f610019dad28545585e801df83da4529.pdf
Trastuzumab
breast cancer
HER-2 positive
clinical benefit
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1985
1988
27560
Decreased Expression of LKB1 Correlates with Poor Prognosisin Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy
Aim: To study any correlation of LKB1 expression with prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases.Methods: A total of 70 HCC patients and 20 primary intrahepatic stone patients in the first affiliated hospital ofWenzhou Medical College were enrolled in this study. LKB1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.Patients were followed-up and prognostic factors were evaluated. Result: LKB1 expression was decreased in theHCC samples. Loss of LKB1 expression in HCC was significantly related to histologic grade (P=0.010), vascularinvasion (P=0.025) and TMN stage (P=0.011). Patients showing negative LKB1 expression had a significantlyshorter disease-free and overall survival than those with positive expression (P = 0.001, P=0.000, respectively).Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that LKB1 expression level was an independent factor of survival(P = 0.033). Conclusion: HCC patients with decreased expression LKB1 have a poor prognosis. The loss of LKB1expression is correlated with a lower survival rate.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27560_11acdbf2b400ddf9984702040f51876c.pdf
LKB1
Expression
Hepatocellular carcinoma
survival
Prognosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1989
1993
27561
Incidence and Clinicopathologic Features of Primary LungCancer: A North-Eastern Anatolia Region Study in Turkey(2006-2012)
Background: Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer among men and second highest among womenoverall, including in Turkey. Cigarette smoking is the most important etiologic factor for the development ofcancer in both men and women. Objective: To determine the lung cancer incidence in Northeastern AnatoliaRegion of Turkey with a focus on clinical properties, cancer subtypes, the relationships of tumors with cigarettesmoking and radiological properties of the lesions. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study design,566 lung cancer cases diagnosed at the Pathology Department of Ataturk University in Erzurum over the lastseven years extending from January 2006 to June 2012 were investigated. The results were compared withstatistical analyses. Results: The most common histopathological subtype of primary bronchogenic carcinomain our study was found to be the squamous cell carcinoma, 46.1% (261 out of 566), and the second was smallcell lung carcinoma 15.7% (89 out of 566). Based on our data, an overall male predominance was noted with amale/female ratio of 6.1/1. While 296 (52.2%) of the patients were found to be smokers at the time of diagnosis,125 (22.0%) were nonsmokers and 145 (25.6%) were ex-smokers. Smoking status was found to have a strongcorrelation with primary lung cancer (p <0.05), and there were significant differences between males and females(p<0.001). Conclusion: Although relative prominence of subtypes of lung cancers differ between Turkish andother populations, lung cancer overall remains as an important health problem in Turkey. Our findings stressthe critical need for effective cancer prevention programs such as anti-smoking campaigns.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27561_dfd2b865cc3adbaa862fc73ffded0c96.pdf
Lung cancer
histopathology
incidence data
smoking
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1995
1998
27562
hMSH2 and nm23 Expression in Sporadic Colorectal Cancerand its Clinical Significance
Objective: To study the expression of the mismatch repair proteins hMSH2 and nm23 in sporadic colorectalcancer, determine any inter-relationship, and further investigate any clinical significance. Methods: Expressionof hMSH2 and nm23 proteins was assessed in 87 colorectal cancer tissues by SP immunohistochemistry, withanalysis of survival using follow-up data. Results: In the sporadic colorectal cancer tissues, nm23 proteinexpression appeared independent of the histological type (P > 0.05), but correlated with the invasion depth andlymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05). In contrast, hMSH2 protein expression was not significantly correlated withthese clinicopathologic features (P > 0.05), although it positively correlated with that of nm23 protein in thesporadic colorectal cancers (rs=0.635, P < 0.05). Combined expression of the two was found to be related withinvasion depth, lymphatic metastasis and prognosis of sporadic colorectal cancer (P < 0.05). Conclusion: nm23protein level was related with the degree of malignancy, and could be used as an index to predict the invasionand metastasis potential. The expression of hMSH2 protein is positively correlated that of nm23 protein, and thecombined expression of the two has certain guiding significance for the prognosis of sporadic colorectal cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27562_43acb45704804965994b734009e4af22.pdf
sporadic colorectal cancer
hMSH2
nm23
immunohistochemistry
Prognosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
1999
2004
27563
Primary Care Physicians’ Cancer Screening RecommendationPractices and Perceptions of Cancer Risk of Asian Americans
Asian Americans experience disproportionate incidence and mortality rates of certain cancers, compared toother racial/ethnic groups. Primary care physicians are a critical source for cancer screening recommendationsand play a significant role in increasing cancer screening of their patients. This study assessed primary carephysicians’ perceptions of cancer risk in Asians and screening recommendation practices. Primary care physicianspracticing in New Jersey and New York City (n=100) completed a 30-question survey on medical practicecharacteristics, Asian patient communication, cancer screening guidelines, and Asian cancer risk. Liver cancerand stomach cancer were perceived as higher cancer risks among Asian Americans than among the generalpopulation, and breast and prostate cancer were perceived as lower risks. Physicians are integral public healthliaisons who can be both influential and resourceful toward educating Asian Americans about specific cancerawareness and screening information.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27563_829553eba901f91ef2403800a985d22e.pdf
Asian Americans
cancer
primary care physician
health disparities
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2005
2008
27564
Potential Predictors of Sensitivity to Pemetrexed as First-lineChemotherapy for Patients with Advanced Non-SquamousNSCLCs
Background: Pemetrexed (PEM) is effective in first-line treatment for patients with non-squamous non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC). However there are currently no definitive determinants to certify which patients couldbenefit from PEM. To improve the efficacy of PEM combined with platinum as first-line therapy for advancednon-squamous NSCLC, we conducted this retrospective study to detect potential determinants of this regimen.Methods: We recruited 109 patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC who received PEM with a platinumas first-line therapy from June 2006 to February 2013 in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital. Multiple variables (age,sex, smoking, degree of cell differentiation, hemoglobin, platinum drugs combined, positions of metastasis)were selected. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse relationships between these variables and tumorresponse. Result: In univariate analysis, we found that age and platinum significantly influenced the results ofPEM therapy (P<0.05). In multivariable analysis, no factors were independently significant. Conclusion: Ouranalysis did not suggest that the age, sex, metastasis of liver or other organs, hemoglobin, smoking history andpathological differentiation are associated with the response of PEM. We should conduct further analyses withlarger sample size to reconfirm this issue.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27564_5f68d7e7d38171d88e7d11e36cdd4107.pdf
Pemetrexed
non-squamous NSCLC
platinum chemotherapy
age
China
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2009
2012
27565
Phase II Study on Safety and Efficacy of Yadanzi® (Javanica oilemulsion injection) Combined with Chemotherapy for Patientswith Gastric Cancer
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Yadanzi® (Javanica oil emulsion injection) combined withchemotherapy for treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Methods: From January 2011 to December2012, we recruited 75 patients with advanced gastric cancer, who received javanica oil emulsion injectiontogether with chemotherapy. After two cycles of treatment, efficacy and safety of the combined therapies wereevaluated. Results: Overall response rate of 75 patients after treatment was 85.3% (CR+PR+SD). Treatmentrelated side effects were recorded. No treatment related death occurred. Conclusions: Javanica oil emulsioninjection combined with chemotherapy could be considered as a safe and effective regimen in treating patientswith advanced gastric cancer. Further randomized clinical trials should be conducted to confirm whether theaddition of Yadanzi® to chemotheraphy could be associated with reduced toxicity, enhanced tolerability andimproved quality of life for patients with advanced gastric cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27565_2792ff45fd0ce6df7f6562c049da44c2.pdf
Javanica oil emulsion injection
Chemotherapy
Advanced gastric cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2013
2017
27566
Effects of Two Chemotherapy Regimens, Anthracycline-basedand CMF, on Breast Cancer Disease Free Survival in theEastern Mediterranean Region and Asia: A Meta-AnalysisApproach for Survival Curves
Background: To compare the effects of two adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, anthracycline-based andcyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorourical (CMF) on disease free survival for breast cancer patients in theEastern Mediterranean region and Asia. Methods: In a systematic review with a multivariate mixed modelmeta-analysis, the reported survival proportion at multiple time points in different studies were combined.Our data sources were studies linking the two chemotherapy regimens on an adjuvant basis with disease freesurvival published in English and Persian in the Eastern Mediterranean region and Asia. All survival curves weregenerated with Graphdigitizer software. Results: 14 retrospective cohort studies were located from electronicdatabases. We analyzed data for 1,086 patients who received anthracycline-based treatment and 1,109 given CMFtreatment. For determination of survival proportions and time we usesb the transformation Ln (-Ln(S)) and Ln(time) to make precise estimations and then fit the model. All analyses were carried out with STATA software.Conclusions: Our findings showed a significant efficacy of anthracycline-based adjuvant therapy regardingdisease free survival of breast cancer. As a limitation in this meta-analysis we used studies with different typesof anthracycline-based regimens.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27566_d29dcbb80a72f7f94494ec9fbc9f2fd4.pdf
Meta-analysis
disease free survival curve
multivariate mixed model
adjuvant chemotherapy regimens
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2019
2022
27567
Phase II Study of Pemetrexed as Second or Third LineCombined Chemotherapy in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of pemetrexed combined with chemotherapy as second orthird line in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients and Methods: This trial was conductedto evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pemetrexed given to patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectalcarcinoma who previously received 5-FU-based chemotherapy. All patients were required to have a histologicaldiagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma with measurable metastatic disease and prior chemotherapy. Patientsreceived pemetrexed at a dose of 500 mg/m2 by 10 minute infusion on day 1, repeated every 21 days. Doses weremodified depending on nadir counts. Combined chemotherapy included Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan and cis-platinum.Results: Thirty patients were enrolled and twenty-nine were evaluable for response. One patient did not haverepeat radiological testing to determine response because he went off study after only one cycle of treatmentfor economic reasons. For 29 evaluable patients, 1 partial response, 6 stable disease and 22 progressive diseasewere recorded. Response rate was 3.45% (1/29). All responses occurred in patients receiving a starting dose ofpemetrexed 500 mg/m2. Median time to progression for all eligible patients was 2.5 months. The most commontoxicities experienced were mild to moderate fever, hepatic damage, myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting,constipation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and skin rash. Conclusion: Pemetrexed at 500 mg/m2 given every threeweeks combined with chemotherapy is associated with moderate response and good tolerability in patients withstage IV CRC
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27567_325d7980203e4c641398d994e77d0222.pdf
Pemetrexed
Colorectal carcinoma
Chemotherapy
phase II trial
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2023
2028
27568
Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1 as a Potential Novel Markerfor Progression in Human Prostate Cancer
A number of studies have indicated that Nurr1, which belongs to a novel class of orphan nuclear receptors(the NR4A family), is important for carcinogenesis. Here we investigated expression of Nurr1 protein in benignand malignant human prostate tissues and association with clinicopathologic features using immunohistochemicaltechniques. Moreover, we also investigated the ability of Nurr1 to influence proliferation, migration, invasion andapoptosis of human prostate cancer cells using small interfering RNA silencing. Immunohistochemical analysisrevealed that the expression of Nurr1 protein was higher in prostate cancer tissues than in benign prostate tissue(P < 0.001), levels being positively correlated with tumor T classification (P = 0.003), N classification (P = 0.017),M classification (P = 0.011) and the Gleason score (P = 0.020) of prostate cancer patients. In vitro, silencing ofendogenous Nurr1 attenuated cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis of prostatecancer cells. These results suggest that Nurr1 may be used as an indicator for prostate cancer progression andbe useful for novel potential therapeutic strategies.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27568_5eb3a0918f6110dd07992e782106fe9d.pdf
Clinical progression
Nurr1
Prostate Cancer
PC-3 cells
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2029
2032
27569
Survey of Willingness to Accept Chemotherapy among ElderlyMalaysian Patients
Background: The geriatric population in Malaysia is predicted to increase from 4% of the total populationin 1998 to 9.8% by 2020, in parallel with developments in the socioeconomy. Cancer is expected to be a majormedical issue among this population. However, the decision for treatment in Malaysia is always decided by thecaregivers instead of the elderly patients themselves. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the willingnessto accept chemotherapy among elderly Malaysians. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patientsaged 60 and above from various clinics/wards were recruited. Those giving consent were interviewed using aquestionnaire. Results: A total of 75 patients were recruited, 35 patients (47%) with a history of cancer. Themedian age was 73 years old. There were 29 Chinese (38.7%), 22 Indian (29.3%), 20 Malay (26.7%) and four otherethnicity patients. Some 83% and 73% of patients willing to accept strong and mild chemotherapy, respectively.Patients with cancer were more willing to accept strong and mild chemotherapy compared to the non-cancergroup (88.6% vs 62.5%, P=0.005, 94% vs 80%, P=0.068). On sub-analysis, 71.4% and 42.9% of Chinese patientswithout a history of cancer were not willing to receive strong and mild chemotherapy, respectively. Conclusions:The majority of elderly patients in UMMC were willing to receive chemotherapy if they had cancer. Experiencewith previous treatment had positive influence on the willingness to undergo chemotherapy.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27569_99aa93c35094a8f7dd430f8809498cb8.pdf
Elderly
cancer
Willingness
Chemotherapy
Side Effects
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2033
2036
27570
The XRCC1 Arg280His Gene Polymorphism and HepatocellularCarcinoma Risk: A Meta-analysis
Many studies have suggested that the XRCC1 Arg280His gene polymorphism might be involved in thedevelopment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the results have been inconsistent. In this study, theauthors performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between XRCC1 Arg280His and HCC susceptibility.Published literature from PubMed, EMBASE and CNKI Data was searched. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95%confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed- or random- effects models when appropriate. Begg’stest was used to measure publication bias. A total of 7 case-control studies covering 1,448 HCC cases and 1,544controls were included. No significant variation in HCC risk was detected in any of the genetic models overall.In the stratified analysis, four studies with sample sizes over 300 produced similar results. The correspondingpooled ORs were not substantially altered after the exclusion of three studies deviating from Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium in the control group, which indicated reliability for our meta-analysis results.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27570_82a14211dd50f891fcee872858d555b5.pdf
XRCC1
Arg280His
Polymorphism
HCC- meta-analysis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2037
2042
27571
Importance of Serum SELDI-TOF-MS Analysis in the Diagnosisof Early Lung Cancer
Background: Different methods of diagnosis have been found to be inefficient in terms of screening andearly diagnosis of lung cancer. Cancer cells produce proteins whose serum levels may be elevated during theearly stages of cancer development. Therefore, those proteins may be recognized as potential cancer markers.The aim of this study was to differentiate healthy individuals and lung cancer cases by analyzing their serumprotein profiles and evaluate the efficacy of this method in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Materials andMethods: 170 patients with lung cancer, 53 under high risk of lung cancer, and 47 healthy people were includedin our study. Proteomic analysis of the samples was performed with the SELDI-TOF-MS approach. Results:The most discriminatory peak of the high risk group was 8141. When tree classification analysis was performedbetween lung cancer and the healthy control group, 11547 was determined as the most discriminatory peak,with a sensitivity of 85.5%, a specificity of 89.4%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.7% and a negativepredictive value (NPV) of 62.7%. Conclusions: We determined three different protein peaks 11480, 11547 and11679 were only present in the lung cancer group. The 8141 peak was found in the high-risk group, but not inthe lung cancer and control groups. These peaks may prove to be markers of lung cancer which suggests thatthey may be used in the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27571_f3c8879d33b5f84a21238d0caa3447be.pdf
Lung cancer
Biomarkers
proteomic
SELDI
diagnostic tools
Bioinformatics
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2043
2048
27572
Older Women Breast Cancer Survivors: Decision Making,Sources of Information and Wellness Activities in Malaysia
The purpose of this study щаs to profile older breast cancer survivors in Malaysia. In a survey study, а custommade questionnaire was administered to 69 breast cancer patients and survivors between 60 and 84 years ofage in Peninsular Malaysia. The main ethnic group recorded was Chinese, followed by Malay and Indian. Themajority of women were married (87%) and had children (84.1%). Just over half (53.6%) had primary andsecondary education, whereas 24.7% had higher education. Fifty five percent of the study participants madetheir own decision on treatment, 60.8% exercised at least 3 times in a week, and 56.6% sought informationfrom specialists. Our study suggests that older breast cancer survivors are aware of the importance of exercisein their daily lives and make attempts to be cancer free (e.g. doing exercise, recreational activity and have goodrelationships with friends and family).
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27572_48dfaf989d047d8b92cf063eaa4b8bae.pdf
breast cancer
Older women
Information
Wellness
Malaysia
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2049
2052
27573
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the NER Pathway andClinical Outcome of Patients with Bone Malignant Tumor
The effects of polymorphisms in ERCC5, ERCC6, XPC, CCNH and MMS19L on osteosarcoma response tochemotherapy and the survival of the affected patients were assessed. Genotyping of ERCC5, ERCC6, XPC,CCNH and MMS19L was performed by PCR-RFLP assay. The median PFS was 12.8 months, and the medianOS was 18.6 months. Individuals carrying homozygous genotypes of ERCC5 rs17655 and ERCC5 rs1047768were more like to have good response to treatment, while those carrying homozygous genotypes of MMS19Lrs29001322 showed poor response. Osteosarcoma patients carrying TT genotype of ERCC5 rs1047768 showeda significantly longer PFS (16.8 months) and OS (21.4 months) than CC genotype, with HRs(95% CI) of 0.31(0.10-0.93) and 0.32 (0.06-0.97), respectively. Conversely, those with the TT genotype of MMS19L rs29001322demonstrated shorter PFS and OS, the HRs (95% CI) being 2.23 (1.08-4.15) and 4.62 (1.45-16.08), respectively.Our findings showed polymorphisms in ERCC5 rs1047768 and MMS19L rs29001322 to be associated withclinical outcome of osteosarcoma patients undergoing chemotherapy.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27573_a8fadd06bab36356472ea1effc57fdea.pdf
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
osteosarcoma
Chemotherapy
clinical outcome
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2053
2058
27574
Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors A and C inPatients undergoing Prostatic Biopsy and TURP for SuspectedProstatic Neoplasia
Background: Formation of new blood vessels is necessary for the development and spread of neoplasms morethan 1 mm3 in volume, angiogenesis being responsible for formation of new from pre-existing blood vessels.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is pivotal and the best studied angiogenic factor in all humancancers. Therefore we designed this study to investigate the role of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in prostate cancer incomparison with BPH controls in a north Indian population. Methods: In this case-control study a total of 100subjects were included on the basis of confirmed histopathological reports, out of which 50 were prostate cancerpatients and the other 50 were BPH patients with PSA levels >2 ng/ml and abnormal digital rectal examination(DRE) findings during September 2009 to August 2011 from the Department of Urology, KGMU, Lucknow, India.Plasma levels of VEGF were determined using quantitative immunoassay (ELISA- enzyme linked immunosorbentassay). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 15.0 version. Results: The mean age of prostate cancer(67.6±5.72) patients was significantly higher (p=0.005) than BPH (63.6±7.92) patients. Expression of VEGF-Awas not significantly higher in disease stage C1 than D1 or D2 and A or B (p=0.13) while the level of VEGF-Awas significantly higher (p=0.04) in prostate cancer as compared to BPH subjects (PCa=13.0 pg/ml, BPH=6.8pg/ml). Levels of VEGF-C were similar in both groups (PCa=832.6 pg/ml, BPH=823.7 pg/ml). In ROC curve,the area under curve (AUC) was 0.70 (95%CI: 0.60-0.80) and the cut-off value for which a higher proportion ofpatients was correctly classified (20%) was 26.0 pg/mL. Conclusion: Although VEGF-A is increased in cancerprostate patients a statistically significant correlation could not be established in this study. VEGF-C was notfound to be a useful biomarker.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27574_442a13f000997340e4085b659c9560eb.pdf
Prostate Cancer
BPH
Angiogenesis
VEGF forms
Prognostic marker
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2059
2065
27575
The National Cancer Screening Program for Breast Cancerin the Republic of Korea: Is it Cost-Effective?
This goal of this research was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the National Cancer ScreeningProgram (NCSP) for breast cancer in the Republic of Korea from a government expenditure perspective. In2002-2003 (baseline), a total of 8,724,860 women aged 40 years or over were invited to attend breast cancerscreening by the NCSP. Those who attended were identified using the NCSP database, and women weredivided into two groups, women who attended screening at baseline (screened group) and those who did not(non-screened group). Breast cancer diagnosis in both groups at baseline, and during 5-year follow-up wasidentified using the Korean Central Cancer Registry. The effectiveness of the NCSP for breast cancer wasestimated by comparing 5-year survival and life years saved (LYS) between the screened and the unscreenedgroups, measured using mortality data from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation and theNational Health Statistical Office. Direct screening costs, indirect screening costs, and productivity costs wereconsidered in different combinations in the model. When all three of these costs were considered together,the incremental cost to save one life year of a breast cancer patient was 42,305,000 Korean Won (KW)(1 USD=1,088 KW) for the screened group compared to the non-screened group. In sensitivity analyses,reducing the false-positive rate of the screening program by half was the most cost-effective (incrementalcost-effectiveness ratio, ICER=30,110,852 KW/LYS) strategy. When the upper age limit for screening wasset at 70 years, it became more cost-effective (ICER=39,641,823 KW/LYS) than when no upper age limitwas set. The NCSP for breast cancer in Korea seems to be accepted as cost-effective as ICER estimates werearound the Gross Domestic Product. However, cost-effectiveness could be further improved by increasingthe sensitivity of breast cancer screening and by setting appropriate age limits.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27575_4344e256970494d05c98b01448dcd111.pdf
Cost-effectiveness analysis
Economic Evaluation
Breast Cancer Screening
mammography
Korea
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2067
2070
27576
Mortality from Stomach Cancer in Serbia, Excluding theProvince of Kosovo, in the 1991-2009 Period
Background/Aim: Stomach cancer is the second most common cause of death from all malignant tumors in theworld (third in men, fifth in women), with a strong decreasing trend in most developed countries. The aim of thisdescriptive epidemiological study was to analyze mortality of stomach cancer in Serbia, excluding the Provinceof Kosovo, in the 1991-2009 period. Materials and Methods: In data analysis, we used mortality rates whichwere standardized directly using those of the world population as a standard. In order to analyze the mortalitytrend from stomach cancer, linear trend and regression analysis were used. Confidence intervals (CIs) for theaverage age-adjusted and age-specific mortality rates were assessed with 95% level of probability. Mortality datawere derived from the data file of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Results: During the 1991-2009period, a significant downward trend in mortality of stomach cancer was recorded in Serbia (y=9.78 - 0.13x,p=0.000; average annual percent change was - 6.3 (95%CI, -7.8 to - 4.8). During the same period, a significantdecrease in mortality trend was found both in male (y=14.13 - 0.20x; p=0.000; % change was -7.7 (95%CI, -10.9to -4.5) and female populations (y=6.27 - 0.08x; p=0.000; % change was - 4.4 (95%CI, -5.3 to -3.6). Conclusion:Decreasing trends in mortality from stomach cancer in Serbia are similar to those in most developed countries.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27576_0f0d8da14ba9955b5bf16f9bd563fbf4.pdf
stomach cancer
mortality
descriptive epidemiologic study
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2071
2077
27577
Analysis of the Relationships between Esophageal CancerCases and Climatic Factors Using a Geographic InformationSystem (GIS): a Case Study of Ardabil province in Iran
Esophageal cancer is a mjaor health problems in many parts of the world. A geographical information system(GIS) allows investigation of the geographical distribution of diseases. The purpose of the present study wasto explore the relationship between esophageal cancer and effective climatic factors using GIS. The dispersiondistribution and the relationship between environmental factors effective on cancer were measured using ArcGIS. The highest degree of spread was in Germi town and the least was in Ardabil city. There was a significantrelationship between effective environmental factors and esophageal cancer in Ardabil province. The resultsindicated that environmental factors probably are influential in determining the incidence of esophageal cancer.Also, these results can be considered as a window to future comprehensive research on esophageal cancer andrelated risk factors.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27577_0c3f031e6ac0ef5388322160bbb01963.pdf
Environmental Factors
Esophageal Cancer
Geographic information system
risk factor
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2079
2084
27578
Process of Coping with Mastectomy: a Qualitative Study in Iran
Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among Iranian women and mastectomy comprises81% of surgeries for treatment of breast cancer. Mastectomy may create feelings such as deformation orimpairment in patients, cause body-image disorder, and reduce sexuality and sexual activity which in turn mayentail mental disorders. The study aimed to elaborate coping processes. Materials and Methods: A groundedtheory method was used in conducting this study. Twenty Iranian participants undergoing mastectomy wererecruited with purposive sampling. An open, semi-structured questionnaire were developed. Obtaining consent,conversations were recorded and immediately transcribed after each session. Data analysis was carried out withthe constant comparative method using the Strauss Corbin approach. Results: Analyzing the collected data,the study came up with seven main categories which affected the coping process in patients with breast cancer,namely: reactions to mastectomy; loss and death contest; reconstruction of evaluation system; consent forundergoing mastectomy; reactions and troubles after loss; confrontation of loss and health; and reorganizationand compatibility with changes. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated: when patients become informedof their breast cancer and the necessity of undergoing mastectomy as the treatment, they probably pass throughseven categories to adapt after mastectomy. Having insight about them is likely to contribute medical personnelin leading patients to the highest degree of feeling healthy.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27578_e3bc6ea866dce664ea0d420396c4b7f2.pdf
breast cancer
mastectomy
coping
Grounded theory
Iranian patients
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2085
2089
27579
Does Hopelessness of Turkish Women Affect their BehaviorRegarding Cervical Cancer Prevention and Early Diagnosis?
Background: The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate attitudes women of towards cervicalcancer prevention applications and early diagnosis, and whether or not their hopelessness levels had any influence.Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out in Isparta with a descriptive design. A sample of 251individuals was recruited from January 2011 through May 2011 in the largest tea garden (restaurant- cafe).The data collection tool consisted of two parts: a “Questionnaire Form” identifying women; and the “BeckHopelessness Scale”. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 16.0for Windows for the numerical and percentage distribution, average, standard deviation with the ANOVA andMann-Whitney tests. Results: Some 70.2 % of the woman indicated that they had not taken the Pap test. There wasa significant relationship between the hopelessness level and women believing that they could protect themselvesfrom getting cervical cancer (F=10.11 p=0.00). There was a significant relationship between hopelessness levelsand believing whether or not early diagnosis tests are deterministic (F=8.781 p=0.00). Conclusion: Our studyconcluded that the hopelessness level of women had an effect on their thoughts about cervical cancer preventionand early diagnosis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27579_b360b52ce149fac499077999ce79e18a.pdf
hopelessness
Early Diagnosis
Cancer Prevention
cervical cancer
Turkish women
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2091
2095
27580
Validity and Necessity of Sub-classification of N3 in the 7thUICC TNM Stage of Gastric Cancer
Background: The 7th TNM staging is the first authoritative standard for evaluation of effectiveness oftreatment of gastric cancer worldwide. However, revision of pN classification within TNM needs to be discussed.In particular, the N3 sub-stage is becoming more conspicuous. Methods: Clinical data of 302 pN3M0 stagegastric cancer patients who received radical gastrectomy in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute andHospital from January 2001 to May 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Location of tumor, depth ofinvasion, extranodal metastasis, gastric resection, combined organs resection, lymph node metastasis, rate oflymph node metastasis, negative lymph nodes count were important prognostic factors of pN3M0 stage gastriccancers. TNM stage was also associated with prognosis. Patients at T2N3M0 stage had a better prognosis thanother sub-classification. T3N3M0 and T4aN3aM0 patients had equal prognosis which followed the T2N3M0.T4aN3bM0 and T4bN3aM0 had lower survival rate than the formers. T4bN3bM0 had worst prognosis. Inmultivariate analysis, TNM stage group and rate of lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors.Conclusions: The sub-stage of N3 may be useful for more accurate prediction of prognosis; it should thereforebe applied in the TNM stage system.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27580_4d470baebfd54f86f9c264f8aa8083ce.pdf
stomach cancer
UICC TNM
clinical stage
Prognostic factors
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2097
2100
27581
Statistical Modelling and Forecasting of Cervix Cancer Casesin Radiation Oncology Treatment: A Hospital Based Studyfrom Western Nepal
Background: To estimate the numbers and trends in cervix cancer cases visiting the Radiotherapy Departmentat Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, statistical modelling from retrospective data was applied.Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on data for a total of 159 patients treated forcervix cancer at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, between 28th September 2000 and 31st December2008. Theoretical statistics were used for statistical modelling and forecasting. Results: Using curve fittingmethod, Linear, Logarithmic, Inverse, Quadratic, Cubic, Compound, Power and Exponential growth modelswere validated. Including the constant term, none of the models fit the data well. Excluding the constant term, thecubic model demonstrated the best fit, with R2=0.871 (p=0.004). In 2008, the observed and estimated numbers ofcases were same (12). According to our model, 273 patients with cervical cancer are expected to visit the hospitalin 2015. Conclusions: Our data predict a significant increase in cervical cancer cases in this region in the nearfuture. This observation suggests the need for more focus and resource allocation on cervical cancer screeningand treatment.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27581_656d219e3bea5fdfdf7fe8a2477db189.pdf
statistical modelling
cervix cancer
curve fitting method
Nepal
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2101
2105
27582
Prognostic and Predictive Value of Hematologic Parameters inPatients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Second LineSunitinib Treatment Following IFN-alpha
Background: Long-term survival is a problem with locally advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinomas.Sunitinib malate is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, but data on sunitinib use as a second linetreatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are limited. Prognostic and predictive value of peripheralblood markers has been shown for many cancers. Materials and Methods: Efficacy and safety profiles ofsunitinib after interferon alpha (IFN-α) were evaluated based on retrospective data for 23 patients with mRCC.Hematological parameters (neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, mean platelet volume, neutrophil/lymphocyteratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio) were recorded at the time of metastasis. It was evaluated whether hematologicalparameters were prognostic and predictive factors. Results: Median progression-free survival (PFS) time was16.5 months (95%CI: 0-34.5). Median overall survival (OS) time was 25.7 months (95%CI: 10.8-40.0). Mostcommon side effects were neutropenia (52.2%), stomatitis (26.1%) and hand-food syndrome (26.1%). PFS wasfound 3.13 vs 17.1 months in patients with neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR)>3 vs NLR≤3 (p:0.012). MedianOS was 6.96 vs 27.1 months in patients with NLR>3 vs NLR≤3 (p:0.001).While 75% of patients who respondedto sunitinib had NLR≤3, in 72% of patients with no response to sunitinib NLR>3 was detected (p:0.036). Theassociation between the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) criteria and NLR was statisticallysignificant (p:0.022). Conclusions: Data on second line sunitinib treatment following cytokine in mRCC arelimited. In our study, we observed second line sunitinib treatment following IFN-α to be effective and tolerable.NLRappeared to have prognostic and predictive value.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27582_7688ced5079965d84c913fbd9eeeae27.pdf
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma
sunitinib
hematologic parameters
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2107
2111
27583
Agreement of Iranian Breast Cancer Data and Relationshipswith Measuring Quality of Care in a 5-year Period (2006-2011)
Objectives: To investigate data agreement of cancer registries and medical records as well as the quality ofcare and assess their relationship in a 5-year period from 2006 to 2011. Methods: The present cross-sectional,descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 443 cases summarized through census and using a checklist.Data agreement of Nemazi hospital-based cancer registry and the breast cancer prevention center was analyzedaccording to their corresponding medical records through adjusted and unadjusted Kappa. The process of carequality was also computed and the relationship with data agreement was investigated through chi-square test.Results: Agreement of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy data between Nemazi hospital-based cancerregistry and medical records was 62.9%, 78.5%, and 81%, respectively, while the figures were 93.2%, 87.9%,and 90.8%, respectively, between breast cancer prevention center and medical records. Moreover, quality ofmastectomy, lumpectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy services assessed in Nemazi hospital-based cancerregistry was 12.6%, 21.2%, 35.2%, and 15.1% different from the corresponding medical records. On the otherhand, 7.4%, 1.4%, 22.5%, and 9.6% differences were observed between the quality of the above-mentionedservices assessed in the breast cancer prevention center and the corresponding medical records. A significantrelationship was found between data agreement and quality assessment. Conclusion: Although the resultsshowed good data agreement, more agreement regarding the cancer stage data elements and the type of thereceived treatment is required to better assess cancer care quality. Therefore, more structured medical recordsand stronger cancer registry systems are recommended.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27583_5107af03d20347f7b67af95ca2d8dcd7.pdf
Cancer data agreement
care quality measurement
breast cancer care
process of care
Iran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2113
2118
27584
Expression of MiR200a, miR93, Metastasis-related GeneRECK and MMP2/MMP9 in Human Cervical Carcinoma -Relationship with Prognosis
Aim and Background: Cervical cancer remains the third most common cancer in women globally afterbreast and colorectal cancer. Well-characterized biomarkers are necessary for early diagnosis and to predictmetastatic progression and effective therapy. MiRNAs can regulate gene expression, cell growth, differentiationand apoptosis by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or degradation in tumor cells. The present studywas conducted to assess expression of miR93, miR200a, RECK, MMP2, MMP9 in invasive cervical carcinoma,and analyze their clinical significance. Method: A total of 116 patients with invasive cervical carcinoma and 100patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign lesions were retrospectively examined. Quantitative real-time PCRwas performed to determine expression of miR93 and miR200a while RECK, MMP2, MMP9 and MVD wereassessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Cervical carcinoma patients demonstrated up-regulationof miR-93, miR-200a, MMP2 and MMP9, with down-regulation of RECK as compared to benign lesion tissues.RECK was significantly inversely related to invasion and lymphatic metastasis. The 5-year survival rate forpatients with strong RECK expression was significantly higher than that with weakly expressing tumors.Conclusion: MiR-93 and miR-200a are associated with metastasis and invasion of cervical carcinoma. Thustogether with RECK they are potential prognostic markers for cervical carcinoma. RECK cooperating withMMP2, MMP9 expression is a significant prognostic factor correlated with long-term survival for patients withinvasive cervical carcinoma.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27584_36a619591e730762205c90fa4d843f72.pdf
miR-93
miR-200a
RECK
MMP2
MMP9
MVD
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2119
2125
27585
Assessment of Cervical Cancer Risk in Women between 15 and49 Years of Age: Case of Izmir
Background: The aim of the study was to determine risk factors for cervical cancer for women in Izmir.Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive field covered a population of 4319 women of reproductive age (15-49)(household registration in the Mukhtar’s office-2007). A total of 1,637 women were included in the sample given afour-part questionnaire through face-to-face interview by visiting the women in their homes in order to determinesocio-demographic factors, obstetric history, genital hygiene and the use of family planning methods. In addition,during the data collection process, the women were given group training in order to raise awareness of cervicalcancer. The number and percentage distributions of the data were calculated. Results: While the average ageof the women was 31.9±9.77 (Min: 15.00-Max: 49.00), education level of 43.4% of them was elementary schoolonly. It was determined that 70.3% of the women experienced at least one pregnancy, 71.0% had vaginal deliveryand 75.9% used a contraceptive method. In the study it was determined that among the cervical cancer relatedrisks vaginal delivery, vaginal lavage and having three or more pregnancies had the highest rates, while havingsexual intercourse before 16 years of age and having more than one sexual partner constituted lower rates. Therate of the women who stated not having a smear in the last three years was 82.4%. Conclusions: Consideringthe case in terms of having Pap smear test, women’s awareness on the risk factors and early diagnosis of cervicalcancer was found to be low. Due to this reason, awareness of women has to be raised through education.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27585_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Cervical cancer - cervical cancer risk factors - pap smear - early diagnosis - Izmir
Turkey
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2127
2130
27586
Inhibition of Proliferation of Cervical and Leukemic CancerCells by Penicillin G
Cancer, despite all the efforts, still causes one in five deaths worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy andradiotherapy provide inadequate protection and instead affect normal cells along with cancer cells. The searchfor cancer cures from natural products (plants and animals) has been practice for over a decade and the use ofpurified chemical to treat cancer still continues. Several studies have been undertaken during last three decadesto find the anti-cancerous property of various plant extract and toxins secreted by animals and micro-organism.These lead to the discovery of several promising molecule having anticancer activity, some of which are in clinicaltrial and may emerged to be a potential future drug in cancer therapy. In this study we have used penicillin toevaluate its anti-cancer activity. It shown significant effects at cellular and molecular levels against growth ofHeLa and K562 cell lines.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27586_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Chemotherapy
radiotherapy
toxins
Penicillin
Cell lines
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2131
2135
27587
Salvage Chemotherapy in Recurrent Platinum-Resistantor Refractory Epithelial Ovarian Cancer with Carboplatinand Distearoylphosphatidylcholine Pegylated LiposomalDoxorubicin (Lipo-Dox®)
Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of distearoylphosphatidylcholine pegylated liposomaldoxorubicin (DPLD) combined with carboplatin for the treatment of platinum resistant or refractory epithelialovarian cancer (EOC) or fallopian tube cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of women whoreceived DPLD with carboplatin for recurrent EOC or fallopian tube cancer in King Chulalongkorn MemorialHospital Thailand from January 2006 to August 2011 was conducted. Patients were identified from the medicalrecords and data on demographic factors, stage, histology, surgical findings, cytoreduction status, and priorchemotherapies were abstracted. The efficacy and toxicity of DPLD/carboplatin were evaluated. Progression-free(PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: A total of 65 patients, 64with platinum resistant or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer and 1 with fallopian tube cancer, were enrolled.DPLD and carboplatin were given for an average of 4.46 cycles per patient with a total of 273 cycles. Amongthe 65 evaluable patients, 0% achieved CR, 7.69% PR, 15.4% SD and 76.% PD. The overall response rate was23.1%. With a median follow-up of 27.4 months, the median progression-free and median overall survival inthe 36 patients was 4.46 months and 8.76 months respectively. In the aspect of side effects, palmar-plantarerythrodysesthesia (PPE) occurred in 33.3% (Grade I 22.2%, Grade II 11.1%) and mucositis in 41.7% (GradeI 27.8%, Grade II 13.9%) of all treatment cycles, all Grade 1 or 2. Anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopeniaoccurred in 58.3% (Grade I 41.7%, Grade II 16.7%), 66.7% (Grade I 47.2%, Grade II 19.4%), and 22.2%(Grade I 16.6%, Grade II 5.56%) of cycle respectively, and were mostly Grade 1 or 2. Conclusions: DPLD,the second-generation PLD drug combined with carboplatin every 4 weeks, is effective and has low toxicity fortreatment of patients with recurrent platinum-resistant or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27587_083b2b8a4150beb64cc63ce10987038b.pdf
recurrent ovarian cancer
Chemotherapy
Salvage therapy
pegylated liposomal doxorubicin
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2137
2139
27588
Evidence for U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)Recommendations Against Routine Mammography for Femalesbetween 40-49 Years of Age
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females, worldwide, accounting for 22.9% of all cancers(excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) in females. Mammography is a sensitive (77-95%) and specific (94-97%)screening method for breast cancer. Previously, females between the 40-50 years old were recommended to havemammograms every one to two years. However, based on current evidence, in 2009, USPSTF recommended thatthe decision to start regular, biennial screening mammography for females younger than 50 years should be anindividual decision and take patient context into account, including the patient’s values regarding specific benefitsand harms. This decision was based on findings regarding radiation exposure, false-positive and false-negativerates, over-diagnosis, and pain and psychological responses. The goal of this paper is to focus on evidence forupdating the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation against routine mammographyfor females between 40-49 years of age.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27588_5e8776d424eb23e186abd6d4e77c2d6b.pdf
U.S. preventive services task force
breast cancer
mammography
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2141
2146
27589
Adapting the Australian System: Is an Organised ScreeningProgram Feasible in Malaysia? – An Overview of the CervicalCancer Screening in Both Countries
Cervical cancer is the third most common form of cancer that strikes Malaysian women. The National CancerRegistry in 2006 and 2007 reported that the age standardized incidence (ASR) of cervical cancer was 12.2 and7.8 per 100,000 women, respectively. The cumulative risk of developing cervical cancer for a Malaysian womanis 0.9 for 74 years. Among all ethnic groups, the Chinese experienced the highest incidence rate in 2006, followedby Indians and Malays. The percentage cervical cancer detected at stage I and II was 55% (stage I: 21.0%, stageII: 34.0%, stage III: 26.0% and stage IV: 19.0%). Data from Ministry of Health Malaysia (2006) showed a 58.9%estimated coverage of pap smear screening conducted among those aged 30-49 years. Only a small percentageof women aged 50-59 and 50-65 years old were screened, 14% and 13.8% coverage, respectively. Incidence ofcervical cancer was highest (71.6%) among those in the 60-65 age group (MOH, 2003). Currently, there is noorganized population-based screening program available for the whole of Malaysia. A pilot project was initiatedin 2006, to move from opportunistic cervical screening of women who attend antenatal and postnatal visits toa population based approach to be able to monitor the women through the screening pathway and encouragewomen at highest risk to be screened. The project was modelled on the screening program in Australia with somemodifications to suit the Malaysian setting. Substantial challenges have been identified, particularly in relationto information systems for call and recall of women, as well as laboratory reporting and quality assurance. Acost-effective locally-specific approach to organized screening, that will provide the infrastructure for increasingparticipation in the cervical cancer screening program, is urgently required.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27589_119182c3bcfc04d52f8e6662c31e27f5.pdf
cervical cancer
Screening
Prevention
Malaysia
Australian model
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2013-03-01
14
3
2147
2150
27590
Gynecological Cancer Services in Arab Countries: PresentScenario, Problems and Suggested Solutions
Gynecological malignancies account for 9% of all female cancers worldwide. In the Arab countries Breastcancer is the leading cancer in women followed by cervical cancer. Ovarian cancer ranks as fourth leadingcancer in women. There are huge differences in the available resources among Arab countries. However thechallenges facing the provision of gynecological cancers services shared similarities like the cultural and religiousbackground. Most of the gynecological cancers are diagnosed at a later stage in Arab countries due to the lackof reproductive health awareness especially among older women combined with the cultural stigma of seekingmedical advice for gynecological symptoms. This article discusses the current situation of gynecological cancerservices in Arab countries and suggests some practical solutions.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27590_5d60b21d92841af50552817ea7e06687.pdf
Arab countries
gynecological cancers
Oncology
HPV
cervical cancer