eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
583
583
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.583
57661
Ecballium Elaterium for Gastrointestinal Cancer
Elias E Mazokopakis
emazokopakis@yahoo.gr
1
Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Hospital of Crete, Chania, Greece.
Dear EditorI read with great interest the article by Jafargholizadeh et al., (2016) for the possible cytotoxic effects of Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Richard fruit on gastric cancer cells due to its cucurbitacins. Although this toxicherb has been known since antiquity and was mentioned by ancient writers (as Hippocrates, Theophrastus Pliny,Dioscorides, Avicenna and others), Hippocrates was the first who suggested the administration of Ecballiumelaterium for the management of gastrointestinal cancer. Particularly, in the Book of Εpidemics II, Hippocratesof Kos (c. 460 - c. 370 BC) wrote the following: “Ἀπό γαστρός ταραχῆς ἤ ἀπό βηχός καρκίνου γινομένου, τόστόμα πικραίνεται∙ διδόναι δέ πίνειν ἐλατήριον δίς ἤ τρίς, ἤν μή ψιλός ᾖ” (If you develop cancer after a digestivedisorder or a cough, your mouth becomes bitter. The patient is given elaterium two or three times, unless thepatient is thin) (6,22). The administration of elaterium in this text was probably related to its laxative properties. Itis worth mentioning that the name Ecballium elaterium originates from the Greek words “ἐκβάλλω” (ekvállo)which means discharge and “ἐλατήριον” (elatírion) which means spring, because of a specific characteristic of theseeds of the plant, which are ejected like springs, even by the lightest touch of the surface of the fruit, when it is ripe.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57661_e3ed50dae217f2e458df36b78977c221.pdf
Ecballium elaterium
Gastrointestinal cancer
Hippocrates
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
585
590
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.585
57699
Significant SNPs Related to Telomere Length and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Chronic Hepatitis B Carriers
Ashraf Mohamadkhani
mohamadkhani.ashraf@gmail.com
1
Masome Pourasgari
masome.poraskari1393@gmail.com
2
Hossein Poustchi
h.poustchi@gmail.com
3
Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection increases the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with suspected interactions between virus replication and host immune responses. A number of reports havesuggested that telomerase function may be involved in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) pathogenesis, but positive or negativeassociations with HCC risk remain for discussion. Mean telomere length is an indicator of biological aging and it hasbeen reported that reduction in NBV carriers compared to normal individuals. In somatic cells, telomeres containsimple, tandemly repeated G-rich sequences that frequently are reduced by 50 to 200 base pairs at each cell division.Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in diverse ethnic populations have revealed eleven single nucleotidepolymorphisms (SNPs) linked to telomere length. Two of these, rs398652 and rs621559, have prognostic value and couldbe used as genetic markers. This review describes current knowledge concerning telomerase activity and telomere lengthas well as significant polymorphisms in HBV-related HCC patients. In particular, to cast light on genotype-phenotypeinteractions, we used SNPnexus to evaluate effects of the two SNPs on risk of disease and complex disorders.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57699_834bfb93bdc4706d16e046e1a4d3ec45.pdf
Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB)
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
SNPs
Telomere Length
SNPnexus
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
591
603
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.591
57659
Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review
Ali Reza Yusefi
alirezayusefi67@gmail.com
1
Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
lankaran@sums.ac.ir
2
Peivand Bastani
peivandbastani@hotmail.com
3
Maryam Radinmanesh
maryamghasham@yahoo.com
4
Zahra Kavosi
stud5149961841@sums.ac.ir
5
Student Research Committee, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Hazrat-e Aliasghar Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Objective: Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with many influences contributing to thedisease. The aim of this study was to identify the most important risk factors. Methods: This study was conducted in2017 with a structured overview in the Science Directe, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science (ISI) databases.In the first step, articles were extracted based on their titles and abstracts; the quality of 43 articles was evaluatedusing the STORBE tool. Inclusion criteria were studies carried out on human, English language (first step), year ofthe study and the study type (second step). Results: Finally, 1,381 articles were found, of which 1,269 were excludedin primary and secondary screening. In reviewing the references of the remaining 44 papers, 4 studies were added.Finally, 43 articles were selected for the quality assessment process. A total of 52 risk factors for gastric cancer wereidentified and classified into nine important categories: diet, lifestyle, genetic predisposition, family history, treatmentand medical conditions, infections, demographic characteristics, occupational exposures and ionizing radiation’.Conclusion: Several environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development of gastric cancer. Regardingthe role of changes in ‘diet and lifestyle’, considering appropriate nutrition and improving the level of education andawareness of people is vital for early diagnosis and timely treatment of this disease, especially in people with a familyhistory and genetic predisposition.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57659_e3c6b06db814c09b3e21fe064d79de18.pdf
risk factors
Gastric
cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
605
614
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.605
57861
Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Siriporn Kamsa-ard
rsirip@kku.ac.th
1
Supot Kamsa-ard
supot@kku.ac.th
2
Vor Luvria
vor_110@yahoo.com
3
Krittika Suwanrungruang
ksuwanrungruang@gmail.com
4
Patravoot Vatanasapt
patravoot@gmail.com
5
Surapon Wiangnon
suraponwiangnon@gmail.com
6
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
ASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
ASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
ASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Background and objective: Cholangiocarcinoma remains a serious public health concern in Thailand. While manyof the risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in western countries are well-recognized, it remains unclear whether theyare the same in Thailand. We set out to investigate the risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand. Methods:Starting March 4, 2016, we reviewed studies found using pre-specified keywords on SCOPUS, Pro Quest ScienceDirect, PubMed, and online public access catalog of Khon Kaen University. Two review authors independently screenedstudies for inclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the studied Risk of Bias. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and theJoanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the quality of included studies. The risk effects offactors were estimated as a pooled adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. The heterogeneity of results wasconsidered using the I-square, Tau-square and Chi-square statistics. Results: A strong association was found betweencholangiocarcinoma and age, Opisthorchis viverrini infection, eating raw cyprinoid fish, family history of cancer, liquorconsumption, and taking praziquantel. There was only a mild association found between eating nitrite-containing foods,fresh vegetables, education, smoking behavior, and sex. No association was found between cholangiocarcinoma andeating fermented fish (Pla-ra), northeastern Thai or Chinese sausage, sticky rice, meat, chewing betel nut, or eatingfruit. There were two protective factors including fresh vegetables consumption and education attainment. Conclusion:There are unique risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand, including age, Opisthorchis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57861_37f4474f4e43d039ac30a7b860be5b0b.pdf
cholangiocarcinoma
risk factors
Systematic review
Thailand
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
615
623
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.615
57745
Osteopontin b and c Splice isoforms in Leukemias and Solid Tumors: Angiogenesis Alongside Chemoresistance
Akram Mirzaei
mirzaee.scholar@gmail.com
1
Saeed Mohammadi*
saeedm_58@yahoo.com
2
Seyed Hamid Ghaffari
shghaffari200@yahoo.com
3
Marjan Yaghmaie
marja.yaghmai@yahoo.com
4
Mohammad Vaezi
vaezi.mohammad@yahoo.com
5
kamran alimoghaddam
alimgh@sina.tums.ac.ir
6
Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
horcbmt@sina.tums.ac.ir
7
Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Osteopontin (OPN) is a glycoprotein involved in regulation of various influences on tumor progression, such ascellular proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a secretedmolecule supporting angiogenesis in various cancers through activation of the PI3K/AKT/ERK1/2 pathway. OPN andVEGF have a number of isoforms with various activities. In spite of the well-defined association between OPN andVEGF isoform expression and cure rate for solid tumors, there is a scarcity of information as to any association inleukemia. Based on the critical role of OPN in cell survival, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that OPN and VEGFisoform expression levels may impact on chemoresistance and relapse in leukemia the same as in solid tumors. Hence,the aim of our review was to explain relationships between OPN and VEGF isoforms and angiogenesis and relatedpathways in chemoresistance of leukemia and solid tumors. Our findings demonstrated that OPNb and OPNc alongsidewith VEGF isoforms and other gene pathways are involved in angiogenesis and also might promote chemoresistanceand even recurrence in leukemia and solid tumors. To sum up, targeting OPN isoforms, particularly b and c, might bea novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of leukemia as well as solid tumors.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57745_bf923cc940b707c1b3b49339b2a2e513.pdf
Osteopontin
Splice isoforms
Leukemia
Solid Tumor
Angiogenesis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
625
631
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.625
57603
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Breast Cancer amongst Lebanese Females in Beirut
Margueritta El Asmar
mse37@aub.edu.lb
1
Amer Bechnak
arb09@aub.edu.lb
2
Johny Fares
jef02@aub.edu.lb
3
Dana Al Oweini
dga17@aub.edu.lb
4
Ahmad Al Razim
ama139@aub.edu.lb
5
Adnan El Achkar
are08@aub.edu.lb
6
Hani Tamim
htamim@aub.edu.lb
7
Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Clinical Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Objectives: Regular screening for breast cancer is associated with better survival, but compliance with guidelinesdepends on good knowledge and attitudes. This study aimed to assess the level of breast cancer knowledge, attitudesand screening practices in Lebanese females, and identify their socio-demographic determinants as well as barriers tomammography use. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 371 Lebanese females residing in Beirutaged 18-65 with no history of breast cancer. The questionnaire applied was adapted from Stager and Champion.The overall knowledge score was determined with sections on general knowledge, curability, symptoms, and screening;the overall attitude score concerned attitudes towards breast cancer, screening, and barriers; and the overall practicesscore was for breast self examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography. Bivariate andmultivariate analyses of socioeconomic determinants were performed for each score. Results: The mean knowledgescore was 55.5±17.1% and that for attitudes was 71.9±8.3%. For self-examination, mammography and clinicalexamination practices, individual means were 45.7±42.3%, 77.9±36.5% and 29.1±45.5%, respectively. Knowledge,attitudes and practices correlated positively with each other (p<0.0001). The highest average was the knowledgeof symptoms (72.8±24.7%), and the lowest that of curability (49.6±25.7%). Most frequent barriers to mammographywere fear of learning bad news, pain, costs, and staff unpleasantness. Higher education was associated with betterknowledge (p=0.002) and smoking with lower levels (p=0.003). Older age (p=0.002), higher education (p=0.02),and taking exercise (p=0.02) were associated with better attitudes. Higher education (p=0.02) and having children(p=0.003) were associated with better practices. Conclusion: More emphasis should be placed on educating femaleson the curability of breast cancer and specific targeting of the barriers identified.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57603_112c4134821520d4e351013ef5890505.pdf
Barriers
breast cancer
Screening
Mammogram
KAP
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
633
637
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.633
57581
Effects of an Educational Program for Prostate Cancer Prevention on knowledge and PSA Testing in Men Over 50 Years old in Community Areas of Shiraz in 2016
Zahra Molazem
molazem@sums.ac.ir
1
Mehdi Ebadi
ebadi_ma@sums.ac.ir
2
Mohammad Khademian
khademianmh@hotmail.com
3
Reza Zare
memobasheri@yahoo.com
4
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Islamic Azad University of Science and Research of Fars, Shiraz, Iran.
Background and Objectives: Prostate cancer was reported to be the second cause of cancer death in men in 2013.Studies have shown that those with higher knowledge levels are much more likely to undergo prostate cancer screening.The present study was aimed to determinate the effect of an educational program for prostate cancer prevention onknowledge and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in men over 50 years old in community areas of Shiraz. Methods:This clinical trial was conducted among 93 men over 50 years old who were randomly divided into an intervention(n=48) and a control (n=45) group. The intervention group took part in an educational program focusing on theimportance of prostate cancer prevention with emphasis on cultural and economic issues. Data were collected usinga demographic information form, the Weinrich questionnaire for measuring the knowledge level about prostate cancerand screening, and also a researcher-made questionnaire covering reasons for not doing the test, before and 3 monthsafter the intervention. Additionally, participation in PSA testing was evaluated 3 months after the intervention. All datawere entered into the SPSS statistical software (version 14) and pFindings: The results showed that the intervention group’s participation in PSA testing increased from 6.12% to 36.4%three months after the intervention. However, no significant change was observed in the control group. In addition,the intervention group’s mean score of knowledge increased by about 2.69 points after the intervention, and a significantdifference was observed between the two groups in this regard (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the current studyrevealed effectiveness of the educational program in increasing the knowledge about prostate cancer and participationin PSA testing in men over 50 years of age. Hence, managers and authorities should execute plans to educate menregarding prostate cancer screening and promote their health status.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57581_1ea2ea7b5f0db3cf07e2d44a8f2518b6.pdf
Keywords: Education
PSA
Knowledge
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
639
643
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.639
57703
Comparative Evaluation of a 6MV Flattened Beam and a Flattening Filter Free Beam for Carcinoma of Cervix – IMRT Planning Study
Suresh Tamilarasu
suresht1983@yahoo.co.in
1
Madeswaran Saminathan
madeswaran.s@vit.ac.in
2
SK Sharma
drsksharma07@gmail.com
3
Anjali Pahuja
anjali_kakria@yahoo.com
4
Abhinav Dewan
abhinavdewan25@gmail.com
5
Department of Radiotherapy, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Rohini, New Delhi, India.
Department of Physics, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Radiotherapy, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Rohini, New Delhi, India.
Department of Radiotherapy, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Rohini, New Delhi, India.
Department of Radiotherapy, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Rohini, New Delhi, India.
Purpose: Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plan quality, beam on time and integral dose were compared using6MV FB (Flattened Beam) and FFFB (Flattening filter free beam) for carcinoma of cervix. Materials and Methods:Ten patients with stage II–IIIB cervix cancer (Ca.Cx) were retrospectively identified from the department database.Target volume (TV) and organ at risk (OAR) were delineated as per Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) cancerguidelines. Dose prescribed to planning target volume (PTV) was 50.4Gy in 28 fractions. Two plans (6MV FB IMRTand 6MV FFFB IMRT) were generated to achieve 95% of prescription dose to PTV and sparing OAR as per normaltissue guidelines. Numbers of beams and their orientations were the same for all plans. The homogeneity index (HI),conformity index (CI), treatment monitor unit (MU), beam on time (BOT) and non-tumor integral dose (NTID) werechosen for comparison. Results: FFFB generated plans were clinically acceptable. There was a statistically significantdifference among the FB IMRT and FFFB IMRT plans with respect to CI, HI, D50%, D2% in PTV coverage, bladderV50Gy, MU, mean NTID and non-tumor low dose volume. Conclusions: 6MV flattened and flattening filter free photonbeams produce comparable plans by IMRT . FFF beams allow time efficient treatment delivery and may help reducethe risk of secondary malignances in carcinoma cervix cases.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57703_4a15cf8240b7c3db7a582e7e828e08a6.pdf
Intensity modulated Radiotherapy
Flatten beam
Flattening filter free photon beam
Secondary cancer risk
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
645
648
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.645
57724
Evaluation the Anti-Cancer Effect of PEGylated Nano-Niosomal Gingerol, on Breast Cancer Cell lines (T47D), In-Vitro
Aras Behroozah
aras.behrooz88@gmail.com
1
Maral Mazloumi Tabrizi
ma.mazlumi@yahoo.com
2
S Maryam Kazemi
maryam.kazemi66@yahoo.com
3
Edris Choupani
4
Nahid Kabiri
5
Davod Ilbeigi
ildavod@yahoo.com
6
Amir Heidari Nasab
7
Azim Akbarzadeh Khiyavi
azimakbarzadeh21@gmail.com
8
Ali Akbar Seif Kurdi
9
Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Brach, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-Iran.
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.
Neurosciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Brach, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Nano-biotechnology, Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Brach, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Cancer is a significant problem in modern medicine, also is the most common cause of death aftercardiovascular diseases, and in need of targeted drug release. Although, chemotherapy is an important candidate incancer treatment, but it has many side effects on healthy tissues of the body. Therefore, Nano technology is usedfor specific function, by the least side effects and damage to normal cells. Materials and method: In this study, thepharmacological properties of PEGylated Nano-niosomal Gingerol was examined. Noisome were prepared using reversephase evaporation method, which contains specific proportion of cholesterol, span60 and polyethylene glycol. Then,PEGylated the prepared formulation by PEG6600. The amount of release and encapsulation of the drug was investigated.The percentage of remains of cancer cell line T47D treated with PEGylated niosomal Gingerol. Results: The averagediameter of the nanoparticles, size distribution and zeta potential were reported for PEGylated niosomal sample 35.65nm, 0.17 and 21 mv, and for PEGylated niosomal drug sample 256.9 nm, 0.23 and 28 mv, respectively. The amountof OD for encapsulated drug was 0.198, also the amount of concentration of the drug which is not encapsulated, was0.77947 μl of the drug per ml. This value of encapsulated drug was 76.38 percent. Conclusion: The results showed thatIC50 of the formulation of PEGylated nanoniosomal Gingerol is less than the standard drug. It seems, the cause of thisphenomenon is due to the effect of Polyethylene glycol, in more stability and slower drug release, in the formulationof PEGylated niosome. Also, Polyethylene glycol makes increase in the drug dealing and its greater influence with thetarget cell. In this study, more than 76% of the Gingerol drug in PEGylated nanoniosomal formulation were enclose.Also, we could reduce the amount of drug release, as much as possible.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57724_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
breast cancer
Drug Delivery
Reverse phase evaporation noisome and T47D
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
649
653
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.649
57733
Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Etiology, Outcome and Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke in Cancer Patients
Mine Hayriye Sorgun
drmsorgun79@hotmail.com
1
Muge Kuzu
muggykuzu@gmail.com
2
Inci Sule Ozer
incisule88@hotmail.com
3
Volkan Yilmaz
dr.volkanyilmaz@hotmail.com
4
Cagrı Ulukan
cagriulukan@gmail.com
5
Hafize Cotur Levent
hafis_cotur@hotmail.com
6
Sabiha Tezcan
sabihatezcan@gmail.com
7
Sefer Rzayev
seferrzayev@yahoo.com
8
Anwar Rawandi
ravandi89@yahoo.com
9
Batuhan Bakırarar
batuhan_bakirarar@hotmail.com
10
Canan Togay Isikay
ctogay@yahoo.com
11
Ankara University School of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Neurology, Samanpazarı, Ankara Turkey.
Ankara University School of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Neurology, Samanpazarı, Ankara Turkey.
Ankara University School of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Neurology, Samanpazarı, Ankara Turkey.
Ankara University School of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Neurology, Samanpazarı, Ankara Turkey.
Ankara University School of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Neurology, Samanpazarı, Ankara Turkey.
Ankara University School of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Neurology, Samanpazarı, Ankara Turkey.
Ankara University School of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Neurology, Samanpazarı, Ankara Turkey.
Ankara University School of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Neurology, Samanpazarı, Ankara Turkey.
Ankara University School of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Neurology, Samanpazarı, Ankara Turkey.
Ankara University School of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Neurology, Samanpazarı, Ankara Turkey.
Ankara University School of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Neurology, Samanpazarı, Ankara Turkey.
Introduction: Cerebrovascular disease is the second most common complication in individuals with tumours.The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors, biomarkers, etiology and prognosis of ischemic stroke in cancerpatients (ISCPs). Methods: The medical records of 619 consecutive patients who were admitted with acute ischemicstroke from January 2012 to November 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups(group 1, patients with an active cancer prior to the onset of ischemic stroke; group 2, patients without an active cancerhistory). The demographic data, risk factors, NIHSS scores, thrombocyte count, D-dimer, fibrinogen and C reactiveprotein (CRP) level at admission, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores in the follow-up period and location of lesionson DWI were recorded. The Mann-Whitney U test, chi-squared test and logistic regression was used for analyzing data,pwas significantly lower in the ISCP group (p=0.001). Elevated thrombocyte counts, D-dimer, fibrinogen and CRP levelsat admission, acute multiple ischemic lesions, other causes, mortality in hospital and worse outcome were significantlyrelated to ISCP (p<0.05). On logistic regression analysis, follow up mRS>3, acute multiple ischemic lesions locatedin more than one vascular territory (AMIMCT) and other causes were significantly associated with ISCP (p<0.001).Conclusion: In our study, other causes, AMIMCT and mRS>3 were more common in the ISCP group. We consider thatCCS could be more suitable for detecting other causes than TOAST. Biomarkers could be important in the ISCP group.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57733_57da694990437b96aaefcd0acf353b56.pdf
ischemic stroke
cancer
Biomarkers
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
655
660
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.655
57597
Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) for Differential Diagnosis of Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Amna Asif
amnaasif89@gmail.com
1
Sajid Mushtaq
sajidm@skm.org.pk
2
Usman Hassan
drusmanhassan256@gmail.com
3
Noreen Akhter
noriaakhter@gmail.com
4
Mudassar Hussain
mhussain@skm.org.pk
5
Muhammad Azam
muhammadazam@skm.org.pk
6
Romena Qazi
romena@skm.org.pk
7
Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.
Introduction:Soft tissue sarcomas are rare tumors comprising 1 percent of solid malignancies. The latest editionof WHO soft tissue pathology lists 94 benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. Many of these show a large degreeof morphological overlap. Immunohistochemistry has been shown to be reliable in many cases for differential diagnosisof lesions, although cytogenetic tests are considered the gold standard for many entities.Fluorescence in-situ hybridization(FISH) is a cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes that bind to only those parts of the chromosome whichhave a high degree of sequence complementarity. Many soft tissue tumors show recurrent genetic mutations that arenow being used as diagnostic markers. Knowledge of the molecular identity allows prediction of behavior, prognosisand treatment response. Objective:The aim of this study was to identify genetic mutations in soft tissue sarcomas usingFISH testing and to assess correlations with histological diagnosis. Material and methods:A total of 25 cases of differentsoft tissue sarcomas diagnosed on histology with the help of immunohistochemical staining and for which FISH studieswere requested were included in this study. Three pathologists with a special interest in soft tissue sarcomas reviewedthe cases. FISH tests for EWS, the X:18 translocation, FOXO1 and MDM2 were respectively applied for 8 cases ofEwing sarcoma, 8 cases of synovial sarcoma, 2 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma and 7 cases of dedifferentiated liposarcomaand atypical lipomatous tumors/well differentiated liposarcomas. Results:EWS gene fusion was detected in 7 out of8 cases of Ewing sarcoma and the X:18 translocation was positive in 3 of the 8 cases of synovial sarcoma. FOXO1was not detected in either of the two rhabdomyosarcomas. MDM2 by FISH was detected in only one out of 5 cases ofatypical lipomatous tumors and 1 out of 2 dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Conclusion: FISH is a useful adjunct in thediagnostic assessment of different types of soft tissue sarcomas. It is easy to set up, is relatively inexpensive and hasthe ability to diagnose sarcomas with great accuracy, especially in cases which can not be accurately classified evenafter thorough histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. It may play a very important role in the accuratediagnosis and correct management of patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57597_13e8d3443858f2476a95d62fe5be6e11.pdf
Ewing sarcoma
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Synovial sarcoma
soft tissue sarcomas
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
661
665
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.661
57593
Analysis of the Expression of Surface Receptors on NK Cells and NKG2D on Immunocytes in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Yuanji Xu
xuyuanji_2010@126.com
1
Rui Zhou
zhourui2016cc@aliyun.com
2
Chuanzhong Huang
hcz_2001@sina.com
3
Mingwei Zhang
498494088@qq.com
4
Jieyu Li
66499795@qq.com
5
Jingfeng Zong
zongjingfeng@126.com
6
Sufang Qiu
sfqiu@126.com
7
Shaojun Lin
linshaojun@yeah.net
8
Honglin Chen
hlchen@hku.hk
9
Yunbin Ye
zjyunbin@189.cn.
10
Jianji Pan
panjianji@aliyun.com
11
Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospita, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospita, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospita, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian,China.
Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospita, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospita, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospita, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospita, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospita, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospita, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
Background: The aberrant expression of surface receptors on immunocytes may represent potential markers of tumorescape for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of representativereceptors on natural killer (NK) cells and NK group 2, member D (NKG2D) on immunocytes in the peripheral bloodof patients with NPC. Methods: Patients (n = 64) with NPC prior to initiation of treatment were defined as the studygroup. Healthy volunteers (n = 31) served as the control group. The expression of NK cells and NKT cells; the triggeringreceptors NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46 on NK cells; the activating receptor NKG2D on NK cells, CD4+ T cells, andCD8+ T cells; and the inhibitory receptors CD158b and CD159a on NK cells were analyzed by flow cytometry in thetwo groups. Results: Here, our study showed that no differences were observed in terms of the numbers of NK cells orNKT cells, or the expression of CD158b and CD159a on the surface of NK cells between the two groups. Nevertheless,the expression levels of NKp30 and NKp46 on NK cells in the NPC patients were significantly lower than in the healthyindividuals (P < 0.05). No differences existed in the expression of NKG2D on NK cells, but NKG2D on CD8+ T cellsshowed a markedly lower expression in the study group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings may reflect a possiblemechanism of immune evasion for NPC. The enhancement of immunotherapy concerning NKp30, NKp46, and NKG2Dmay be an innovative treatment strategy for patients with NPC.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57593_e5ff6471af84ec8a695a8881fa439ea2.pdf
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
surface receptors
NK cells
NKG2D
Flow Cytometry
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
667
675
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.667
57645
Epigenetic Downregulation and Growth Inhibition of IGFBP7 in Gastric Cancer
Jin Kim
j9799@hanmail.net
1
Woo Ho Kim
woohokim@snu.ac.kr
2
Sun-Ju Byeon
byeon.sunju@welovedoctor.com
3
Byung Lan Lee
dslanat@snu.ac.kr
4
Min A Kim
everest@snu.ac.kr
5
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Background: Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) has been found to be a tumor suppressorin several human cancers, but the role of IGFBP7 in gastric cancer has not yet been fully investigated. Herein, weexamined the epigenetic downregulation of IGFBP7 expression in gastric cancer. Methods: Expression and methylationof IGFBP7 in gastric cancer cells and primary gastric cancer patients were determined using qRT-PCR, western blot,immunohistochemistry, and methylation specific-PCR, respectively. The effects of IGFBP7 on gastric cancer cellswere investigated by various experimental conditions, such as proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, invasion,and migration assay. Results: IGFBP7 methylation was inversely correlated with IGFBP7 expression in gastriccancer. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that IGFBP7 expression and tumor stage were independentprognostic factors. IGFBP7 knockdown increased gastric cancer cell growth, invasion, and migration, whereas IGFBP7overexpression in gastric cancer cells induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Conclusion: Our data suggest thatIGFBP7 functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer via an epigenetic pathway.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57645_77037f11db4abce4a0374e57d551e23c.pdf
IGFBP7
Gastric cancer
tumor suppressor
downregulation
methylation
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
677
681
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.677
57623
Impact of Parents and Peers Smoking on Tobacco Consumption Behavior of University Students
Hussein Mohammed Resen
husmoh1995@gmail.com
1
College Of Medicine, University Of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arabic Emirates.
Introduction: In the United Arab Emirates, smoking prevalence has increased in both sexes, especially amongyoung adults. Various factors have led to this catastrophe; examples include coverage on TV and social media, as wellas market availability. One major influence is smoking by parents and peers. A lot of students may start smoking becauseof the behavior of their family and friends, and therefore it is necessary to quantify adverse contributions. The aim ofthis project was to study to what degree parents and peers smoking habits may impact on smoking behavior of studentsat the University of Sharjah. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study with a non-probability convenient typeof sampling, was conducted with university students aged 18 to 23. Information was collected using a self-administeredquestionnaire, comprising 23 questions, developed by ourselves. Results: A total of 400 University of Sharjah students(50% males and 50% females) were included.Some 15.8% of the smoking students had smoking parents, and 17.1%of them had smoking peers. The respective figures were 22.2% and 21.7% for males and 10% and 7.8% for females.Conclusions: Peers had a stronger impact than parents and both parents and peers had greater influence on males thanon females. Interestingly, almost 80% of the smoking students did not have smoking parents or peers, which leavesthe question unanswered of why they started smoking in the first place. Actions at a societal level should be taken intoconsideration to prevent smoking and thus help create a non-smoking generation.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57623_cd08f26fad935b3fb9a6b09b9c7f9942.pdf
smoking
Parents
peers
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
683
687
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.683
57722
Adverse Effects of Vincristine Chemotherapy on Cell Changes in Seminiferous Tubules and Cetrorelix GnRH Antagonist Inhibitory Effects in Mice
Fatemeh Nikpour
fanik235@gmail.com
1
Hamid Tayefi
tayefih@yahoo.com
2
Daryosh Mohammadnejad
mohammadnejadd@yahoo.com
3
Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
dr.akbarzadeh2010@gmail.com
4
Department of Histological Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Anatomical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Histological Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
The present study was designed to determine changes in spermatogenesis in adult mice after an intraperitoneal injectionof vincristine. The effect of a GnRH antagonist synchronous to chemotherapy, which might protect spermatogenesisby halting cell division in spermatogenic cells, was also investigated. Method and Materials: A total of 30 adult malemice were studied in three equal groups of ten. In the V group, a single dose of the chemotherapy drug vincristine wasinjected intraperitonally at 1.5 mg/kg. In the V+C, group, the injection of Cetrorelix was started, and one week beforeto one week after vincristine injection continued ( for 3 weeks). Controls received no treatment. Samples were takenfrom the testicles, and fixed in Boueins fixative for light microscopy. Results: Comparing the mean number of Sertoliand spermatogony cells and the rate of spermatogenesis index (SI) in the V group with controls showed significantdifferences,which were not evident in the V+C group. Conclusion: According to the results, the cetrorelix antagonist(GnRH) could largely prevent side effects of vincristine administration regarding seminiferous tubules.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57722_d8f77e07c043c2144436d8386296cdd3.pdf
chemotherapy drug
Vincristine
cetrorelix
Spermatogony
seminiferous tubules
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
689
692
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.689
57599
Galectin-3 Serum Levels Could Help Clinicians Screen for Salivary Gland Tumor Patients
Azade Andisheh-Tadbir
andisheh202003@yahoo.com
1
Maryam Mardani
mardanim@sums.ac.ir
2
Mahyar Malekzadeh
karamiy@sums.ac.ir
3
Tayebe Amirbeigi Tafti
yasinkarami@yahoo.com
4
Bijan Khademi
khademib@sums.ac.ir
5
Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Undergraduate Student, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
analysis was performed on serum specimens from 105 patients with salivary gland cancer and 56 healthy persons.Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure levels of galectin-3 (GAL-3). Serumlevels were compared between patients with salivary gland tumors and healthy control. A total of 105 patients wereenrolled in the study (55 men, 50 women). Result: Mean age was45.5 years. Thirty-nine patients with malignant and66 cases with benign tumors were compared with 56 healthy participants with a mean age of 51.7. No statisticallysignificant differences were observed when comparing GAL-3 serum levels between malignant and benign salivary glandtumor patients, but a statistically significant difference was found between case and control patients with p-values of0.02. Serum levels of galectin-3 protein were elevated in patients with salivary gland cancer compared with the healthypopulation. Conclusion: The difference between benign and malignant tumor patients was significant, but revealedno clinic pathological characteristics in malignant tumors. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first timea study suggests that GAL-3 serum levels could help clinicians screen for salivary gland cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57599_61e2ea8b7d9b412c2454ca85973e8a35.pdf
Salivary Gland
cancer
Serum
Galectin-3, biomarker
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
693
698
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.693
57761
Associations of ICOS and PD.1 Gene Variants with Colon Cancer Risk in The Iranian Population
Seyedeh Azra Shamsdin
shamsdina@sums.ac.ir
1
Mohammad Hossein Karimi
karimi70@yahoo.com
2
Seyed Vahid Hosseini
hoseiniv@sums.ac.ir
3
Bita Geramizadeh
geramib@sums.ac.ir
4
Mohamad Reza Fattahi
fattahim@sums.ac.ir
5
Davood Mehrabani
mehrabad@sums.ac.ir
6
Ali Moravej
amoravej@gmail.com
7
Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Background: Positive and negative co-stimulatory molecules are important factors determining the outcomeof immune responses to the presence of tumors. Since co-stimulatory molecule expression may be affected by genepolymorphisms, we aimed to investigate associations between variants of PD.1 and ICOS and susceptibility to coloncancer. Material and methods: ICOS (-693A/G), ICOS (+1720C/T) and PD.1 (-538G/A) gene polymorphisms wereevaluated by the PCR-RFLP method in 76 colon cancer patients and 73 healthy controls. Results: The frequenciesof the GG genotype and the G allele at position -693 of the ICOS gene were significantly higher in the patient group(P=0.014 and p=0.0002), while the AA genotype was significantly more common in controls (P=0.0016). At position-538 of PD.1, GG genotype and G allele frequencies were higher in the patient group (PAA and also AG genotypes significantly predominated in controls (Pand alleles of ICOS at position +1720. Frequencies of GCG and GTG haplotypes were higher in patients comparedto those of controls (P=0.016 and P<0.0001), while, frequencies of GTA, ATA and ATG haplotypes were higher incontrols (P=0.0017, Ppatients compared to controls (P=0.0147 and P=0.0071). Conclusion: Our study clarified that PD.1 (-538G/A) andICOS (-693A/G) gene polymorphisms can be considered as genetic risk factors for the development of colon canceramong Iranian patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57761_9d975b138fc9973784975eaa7e4a20b7.pdf
Key words: Colon cancer
PD.1
ICOS
Polymorphism
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
699
702
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.699
57580
Prostate Specific Antigen, Mean Platelet Volume, and Platelet Distribution Width in Combination to Discriminate Prostate Cancer from Benign Prostate Hyperplasia
Shuang Fu
fushuang.721@163.com
1
Xin Zhang
hellozx0806@163.com
2
Ye Niu
1278596840@qq.com
3
Rui-Tao Wang
ruitaowang@126.com
4
Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the sixthleading cause for cancer related death among men worldwide. Although use of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) asa diagnostic marker has improved the detection and management of PCa, low specificity and sensitivity has limited itsclinical efficacy. Moreover, elevated PSA is frequently observed in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Mean plateletvolume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) are commonly used indicators of platelet activation. The purposeof current study was to investigate the ability of PSA, MPV, and PDW individually or in combination, to differentiatePCa from BPH. Materials and Methods: This study included 100 patients with PCa and 108 patients with BPH. Wecollected all participants’ clinical and laboratory characteristics. The benefit of adding MPV and PDW to a modelwith only PSA was evaluated as an increased in the area under the curve (AUC) obtained by receiver operating curve(ROC). Results: PCa patients had reduced MPV and elevated PSA and PDW levels compared to BPH patients. Singlebiomarkers had AUC values ranging from 0.683 for PDW to 0.865 for PSA. Moreover, the combination of PSA, MPV,and PDW increased the AUC to 0.935 (0.892-0.964) (p<0.0001), significantly higher than those of any single marker.Conclusions: The combined use of PSA, MPV, and PDW may be clinically useful in distinguishing between PCa andBPH.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57580_0712f790e1622a5259586977b6751336.pdf
Prostate Cancer
Benign prostate hyperplasia
Mean platelet volume
Platelet distribution width
Diagnosis
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
703
707
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.703
57881
Alcohol Consumption as a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer Development: A Case-Control Study in Brazil
Roberto Vieira
dr.rvieira@gmail.com
1
Juan Sebastián Sánchez Tobar
dr.juansesanchez@gmail.com
2
Rita Dardes
ritadardes@yahoo.com.br
3
Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler
lthuler@gmail.com
4
The Brazilian Society of Mastoloy from Rio de Janeiro – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
Post Graduate Program of Mastology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
Department of Gynecology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Background: Alcohol consumption is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer, but the evidence is mostlyfrom developed countries. Brazil is going through a rapid demographic expansion, and studies of this relationship arealso needed in such unexplored settings. Methods: We assessed the relationship between alcohol consumption andbreast cancer risk among 1,506 Brazilian women (406 cases and 1,100 controls). Regression models were used tocalculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). All statistical tests were two-tailed. Results: The meanage of the 1,506 women was 42.0 (standard deviation, ±15.0) years. There was a significant association between breastcancer and age, body mass index, age at menarche, menstrual flow and menstrual cycle. Multivariate analysis showedan increased risk of invasive breast cancer in regular alcohol consumers (years old: OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.2–13.4) compared with abstainers or occasional drinkers. Women with a regular alcoholintake for 10 years or more who were less than 50 years old had a threefold higher risk of developing breast cancer(OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.2–7.6). Conclusion: Regular alcohol consumption increases the risk of breast cancer mainly amongwomen less than 50 years old.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57881_9c8a9d0b6975b5c5048f37f233856b46.pdf
breast cancer
alcohol consumption
risk
Brazilian women
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
709
717
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.709
57587
Thirty Years Cancer Incidence Data for Lahore, Pakistan: Trends and Patterns 1984-2014
Andleeb Masood
andleeblcwu@yahoo.com
1
Khalid Masood
kmasoodinmol@yahoo.com
2
Mazhar Hussain
dr.mazharhussain@gcu.edu.pk
3
Waqar Ali
waqar.ali@cs.uol.edu.pk
4
Masooma Riaz
sirwaqarit@gmail.com
5
Zafar Alluddin
sirwaqar_it@yahoo.com
6
Munir Ahmad
sirwaqarit45@gmail.com
7
Misbah Masood
khalid2061@yahoo.com
8
Abubaker Shahid
andleebmasood238@gmail.com
9
Cancer Incidence Statistical Analysis Group, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Cancer Prevention and Control Research Group, Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore, Pakistan.
Cancer Incidence Statistical Analysis Group, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Mining Data for Productive Decision Making Group, Department of Computer Science, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Radiation Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore, Pakistan.
Member Clinical Oncology Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore, Pakistan.
Radiation Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore, Pakistan.
Incharge Clinical Oncology Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore, Pakistan.
Director Regional PAEC Cancer Prevention and Control Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore, Pakistan.
This research was conducted to generate trends and patterns of most common male and female cancers from1984-2014 for the city population of Lahore Pakistan. Cancer incidence data gathered for different organs wereprocessed through cleaning, integration, transformation, reduction and mining for ultimate representation. Risk ofcancer appeared to be continuously increasing among both males and females. Overall, lymphomas and breast cancerare the most common neoplasm in males and females, respectively, in Lahore with almost the highest rates in the AsianPacific region. The incidence of head and neck, brain, and lung cancers, as well as leukemia have rapidly increasedamong males, whereas, ovarian, cervix, head and neck and lymphomas have become more common among females.The present communication should be helpful for adequate strategic planning, identification of risk factors and takingappropriate prevention and control measures at the national level.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57587_83c7c36caec49ed5c5ab8cceb5e5e377.pdf
Cancer-Incidence
cancer-diagnosis
breast-cancer
cancer-survival-Pakistan
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
719
724
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.719
57728
Gender Differences in the Recurrence Timing of Patients Undergoing Resection for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Katsuya Watanabe
katsuyawata921@gmail.com
1
Kentaro Sakamaki
sakamaki@yokohama-cu.ac.jp
2
Teppei Nishii
nteppei@par.odn.ne.jp
3
Taketsugu Yamamoto
taketugu@yokohama-cu.ac.jp
4
Takamitsu Maehara
maehara@yokohamah.johas.go.jp
5
Haruhiko Nakayama
nakayama-h@kcch.jp
6
Munetaka Masuda
mmasuda@yokohama-cu.ac.jp
7
Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Objective: This study was designed to visually represent postoperative recurrence patterns using event dynamicsand to assess sex-based differences in the timing of recurrence for non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: We studied829 patients (538 men, 291 women) with NSCLC who underwent complete pulmonary resection in 9 hospitals. Eventdynamics with the use of life-table methods were evaluated, and only first events (distant metastases or local recurrence)were considered. The effects of sex, histological type, pathological stage, and smoking history were studied. Result:The resulting smoothed hazard rate curves indicated that the recurrence risk pattern definitely correlated with sex, witha sharp peak in the first year in men and a broad peak during the first 2 to 3 years in women. These findings were alsoconfirmed by analyses according to pathological stage, histological type, and smoking history. Conclusion: The peaktimes of recurrence differed considerably between men and women. The delayed time of peak recurrence in women,associated with a longer disease-free interval within subsets of patients with similar disease stage, histological type,and smoking status, might account for the better survival in women.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57728_5a53d5cceacfef64035041a15f14765b.pdf
Gender
Non-small cell cancer
Recurrence
Event dynamics
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
725
731
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.725
57589
ADH1B, ALDH2, GSTM1 and GSTT1 Gene Polymorphic Frequencies among Alcoholics and Controls in the Arcadian Population of Central India
Abdul Anvesh Mansoori
abdul1305@gmail.com
1
Subodh Kumar Jain
subjain@gmail.com
2
Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar 470 003 M.P. India.
Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar 470 003 M.P. India.
Background: Epidemiological research has highlighted the global burden of primary liver cancer cases due toalcohol consumption, even in a low consumption country like India. Alcohol detoxification is governed by ADH1B,ALDH2, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes that encode functional enzymes which are coordinated with each other to removehighly toxic metabolites i.e. acetaldehyde as well as reactive oxygen species generated through detoxification processes.Some communities in the population appears to be at greater risk for development of the liver cancer due to geneticpredispositions. Methods: The aim of this study was to screen the arcadian population of central India in order toinvestigate and compare the genotype distribution and allele frequencies of alcohol metabolizing genes (ADH1B,ALDH2, GSTM1 and GSTT1) in both alcoholic (N=121) and control (N=145) healthy subjects. The gene polymorphismanalysis was conducted using PCR and RFLP methods. Results: The allele frequency of ALDH2 *1 was 0.79 and ofALDH2*2 was 0.21 (OR:1.12; CI (95%): 0.74-1.71). The null allele frequency for GSTM1 was 0.28 (OR:0.85; CI(95%): 0.50-1.46) and for GSTT1 was 0.20 (OR:1.93; CI (95%): 1.05-3.55). No gene polymorphism for ADH1B wasnot observed. The total prevalence of polymorphisms was 3.38% for ALDH2, GSTM1 and GSTT1. Conclusion: Theresults of this study suggested that individuals of the Central India population under study are at risk for liver disordersdue to ALDH2, GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms. This results may have significance for prevention of alcoholdependence, alcoholic liver disorders and the likelihood of liver cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57589_57d7e16baab190f385e2ebe57b996c48.pdf
Keywords:- Alcoholic
Xenobiotic machinery
gene polymorphism
reactive oxygen species
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
733
740
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.733
57723
Self-Confidence and Quality of Life in Women Undergoing Treatment for Breast Cancer
Fahimeh Sehati Shafaee
1
Mojgan Mirghafourvand
2
Sepideh Harischi
3
Ali Esfahani
4
Jalileh Amirzehni
jalilehamirzehni@gmail.com
5
Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Psychiatry,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Hematologist-Oncologist at Ghazi Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Introduction: Quality of life is an important topic in the study of chronic diseases, especially cancer which can havea major effect on patient self-confidence. This study was conducted to determine quality of life and its relationship withself-confidence in women undergoing treatment for breast cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive, analyticalstudy was conducted in 2016 on 166 women with breast cancer undergoing treatment at Ghazi, Al-Zahra, Internationaland/or Shams hospitals in Tabriz. The subjects were selected through convenience sampling. A personal-demographicquestionnaire, the Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) werecompleted for each patient. The data obtained were analyzed using independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, multivariatelinear regression and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Findings: The mean total score of quality of life was 59.1±17.4,ranging from 0 to 100. The highest mean score was obtained in the cognitive subscale (74.9±23.8) and the lowest in theemotional subscale (51.4±21.1). The mean score for self-confidence was 0.3 with a standard deviation of 0.1, rangingfrom -1 to +1. There was a significant positive relationship between self-confidence and quality of life, except in threesymptom subscales for diarrhea, constipation and loss of appetite (P<0.05). Self-confidence, disease duration, lifestyle,marital satisfaction and caregiver status were among the predictors of quality of life. Discussion: Given the significantrelationship between quality of life and self-confidence, health care providers may need to pay special attention towomen undergoing treatment for breast cancer and perform timely measures to maintain their belief in themselves.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57723_b70c742411f65863168a6de3869f7b43.pdf
breast cancer
Quality of Life
self-confidence
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
741
748
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.741
57729
Urinary Metabolomic Profiling in Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infection Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Kanthanadon Dittharot
kanthanadon@hotmail.com
1
Paisan Jittorntam
paisan.jit@mahidol.ac.th
2
Prapin Wilairat
prapin.wil@mahidol.ac.th
3
Abhasnee Sobhonslidsuk
abhasnee.sob@mahidol.ac.th
4
Office of Research Academic and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Office of Research Academic and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
National Doping Control Centre, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The metabolomicprofiling has been shown to be associated with pathogenic mechanisms in many medical conditions includingCHB. The purpose of this study was to investigate the urine metabolomic profiles in CHB patients by gaschromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Methods: Urine samples were collected from CHB patients (n = 20)and normal control subjects (n = 20). Metabolite profiles were assessed using GC/MS in conjunction with multivariatestatistical analysis, in order to identify biomarker metabolites. Pathway analysis was performed by MetaboAnalyst3.0 and KEGG database.Results: Twelve out of 377 metabolites were shown to be significantly different between theCHB and normal control groups (p < 0.05). These include palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, benzoic acid, butanoicacid, cholesterol, glycine, 3-heptanone, 4-heptanone, hexanal, 1-tetradecanol and naphthalene. Multivariate statisticalanalysis constructed using these expressed metabolites showed CHB patients can be discriminated from healthy controlswith high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (85%). All the metabolic perturbations in this disease are associated withpathways of fatty acid, amino acid, bile acid and gut microbial metabolism. Conclusion: CHB patients have a specificurinary metabolomic profile. The abnormalities of fatty acid, amino acid, bile acid, and gut microbial metabolism leadto the development of disease progression. GC/MS-based assay is a promising tool for the metabolomic study in CHB.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57729_b0c459bdca2371240502660442a1a7f2.pdf
Chronic hepatitis B
Metabolomic Profiling
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Biomarkers
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
749
753
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.749
57627
Comparison of Survival Models for Analyzing Prognostic Factors in Gastric Cancer Patients
Danial Habibi
d.habibi@arakmu.ac.ir
1
Mohammad Rafiei
rafeie@arakmu.ac.ir
2
Ali Chehrei
alichehrei@yahoo.com
3
Zahra Shayan
shayanz@sums.ac.ir
4
Soheil Tafagodi
s.taf20@gmail.com
5
Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak,Iran.
Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak,Iran.
Pars Clinicopathology Clinicopathology Laboratory, Arak, Iran.
Trauma Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak,Iran.
Objective: There are a number of models for determining risk factors for survival of patients with gastric cancer.This study was conducted to select the model showing the best fit with available data. Methods: Cox regression andparametric models (Exponential, Weibull, Gompertz, Log normal, Log logistic and Generalized Gamma) were utilized inunadjusted and adjusted forms to detect factors influencing mortality of patients. Comparisons were made with AkaikeInformation Criterion (AIC) by using STATA 13 and R 3.1.3 softwares. Results: The results of this study indicated thatall parametric models outperform the Cox regression model. The Log normal, Log logistic and Generalized Gammaprovided the best performance in terms of AIC values (179.2, 179.4 and 181.1, respectively). On unadjusted analysis,the results of the Cox regression and parametric models indicated stage, grade, largest diameter of metastatic nest,largest diameter of LM, number of involved lymph nodes and the largest ratio of metastatic nests to lymph nodes,to be variables influencing the survival of patients with gastric cancer. On adjusted analysis, according to the best model(log normal), grade was found as the significant variable. Conclusion: The results suggested that all parametric modelsoutperform the Cox model. The log normal model provides the best fit and is a good substitute for Cox regression.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57627_f9bc55de7eecc12c33904c795c73d9e4.pdf
Cox regression
Parametric models
AIC
Gastric cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
755
761
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.755
57660
Effect of an Educational Intervention Based on Protection Motivation Theory on Preventing Cervical Cancer among Marginalized Women in West Iran
Shabnam Malmir
shabnam.malmir@gmail.com
1
Majid Barati
barati@umsha.ac.ir
2
Ali Khani Jeihooni
khani_1512@yahoo.com
3
Saeed Bashirian
s_bashirian@yahoo.com
4
Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Hazavehei
hazavehei@umsha.ac.ir
5
Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention to prevent cervical canceramong marginalized Iranianwomen based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) as a theoretical framework.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 143 women of Kermanshah City in western Iran during2017. Participants were recruited through cluster and simple random sampling and randomly divided into experimental(n=72) and control groups (n=71). All completed a self-administered questionnaire including PMT constructs anddemographic variables. An intervention over six sessions was then applied to the experimental group. Reassessmentwas conducted three months after the intervention, with data was analyzed with SPSS-16 using chi-square, McNemar,paired T- and independent T-tests. Results: The mean scores for the constructs of PMT, and cervical cancer screeningbehavior showed no significant differences between the two groups before the intervention (P>0.05). The educationalmanipulation had significant effects on the experimental groups’ average response for perceived vulnerability, perceivedseverity, perceived reward, self-efficacy, response efficacy, response cost and protection motivation (all p < 0.001).Also, the prevalence of regular Pap smear testing and referral to health centers were significantly increased after 3months in the experimental (P=0.048), but notthe control group (P>0.05). Conclusions: The results show that applyingan educational intervention based on PMT might help prevent cervical cancer and improve regular Pap smear testing.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57660_0f5c3a99a986869d2340cb459e1de5cb.pdf
Papanicolaou Test
Protection motivation theory
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Women
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
763
767
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.763
57591
Accuracy of Specimen Radiography in Assessing Complete Local Excision with Breast-Conservation Surgery
Saira Naz
saira.naz@aku.edu
1
Imrana Masroor
imrana.masroor@aku.edu
2
Shaista Afzal
shaista.afzal@aku.edu
3
Wasim Mirza
wasim.mirza@aku.edu
4
Sehrish Butt
sehrish.butt@aku.edu
5
Zafar Sajjad
zafar.sajjad@aku.edu
6
Anwar Ahmed
anwar.ahmed@aku.edu
7
Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Radiology, Aga khan University Hospital Karachi,PakistanشDepartments of Diagnostic Radiology and Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of “X- ray examination of surgicallyresected specimen‘‘ in assessing complete local excision (CLE). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective crosssectional study, data were collected for all female breast cancer cases who underwent breast-conserving surgery afterneedle localization of mammographically visible disease. Males, patients with mammographically invisible diseaseand cases with benign or inconclusive histopathology, those undergoing modified radical mastectomy and individualswith dense breast parenchyma were excluded. We evaluated radiography of resected specimens to assess marginspiculation, distance of mass/microcalcification from the excised margin, presence of a mass, and presence of anyadjacent microcalcification, Other features including mass size, nuclear grade and patient’s age were also recorded andall were analyzed for any association with CLE. Results: Absence of adjacent microcalcification and the presence of amass on radiographs showed significant associations with CLE, but no links were evident with other features. Specimenradiography was found to be a sufficient tool to predict CLE with a positive predictive value of 83.3%, a sensitivity of80.7% and a specificity of 81%. Conclusion: Specimen radiography is an important and sensitive tool to predict CLE.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57591_3a776e32fe5fdd9019fb34971d12cc62.pdf
breast cancer
breast conservation
complete local excision
Specimen radiography
Mammogram
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
769
775
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.769
57730
Cancer-Related Pain: Prevalence, Severity and Management in a Tertiary Care Center in the Middle East
Nadine M Hamieh
nadinehamieh1@gmail.com
1
Reem Akel
rsa75@mail.aub.edu
2
Bilal Anouti
bfa09@mail.aub.edu
3
Cindy Traboulsi
crt03@mail.aub.edu
4
Iman Makki
imanmakki@hotmail.com
5
Lana Hamieh
lanahamieh@gmail.com
6
Arafat Tfayli
at35@aub.edu.lb
7
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Background: Despite pain awareness and the development of treatment guidelines, cancer-related pain assessmentand management remain suboptimal. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence and severity of pain and itsinterference with daily activities, and evaluate adequacy of treatment in cancer patients in Lebanon. Methods: Atotal of 400 cancer patients aged 18 and above were interviewed at the American University of Beirut Medical Centersurgical and medical oncology floors, outpatient clinics and chemotherapy units from March 2016-February 2017. Thesubjects covered were socio-demographics, clinical data, and presence of pain in the past month with use of the BriefPain Inventory questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were conducted using t-test, chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests.Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to examine relationships between pain severity and pain interference.Logistic regression was employed to determine risk factors for pain. Results: The majority of participants were Lebanese(76.0%), females (62.7%), married (80.2%), of Muslim faith (64.2%), of urban residence (85.8%), and with insuranceplans (81.3%). Most had breast cancer (38.8%), were stage 4 (52.7%) and underwent a combination of surgery andsystemic therapy (55.1%). The prevalence of pain in the past month was 29.8%. Among patients with pain, the highestproportion had moderate pain (37.8%) and around 46% received inadequate treatment. Conclusion: More awarenessabout cancer-related pain is needed to improve pain management and encourage referral to palliative care and painspecialists early-on in diagnosis of disease.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57730_2310c5d0d3faedda51aebe73540a4de4.pdf
Pain
cancer
Prevalence
severity
Lebanon
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
777
783
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.777
57731
Characterization of Apoptosis in a Breast Cancer Cell Line after IL-10 Silencing
Moureq R Alotaibi
alotaibimr@vcu.edu
1
Zeinab K Hassan
hildahafez@hotmail.com
2
Salim S Al-Rejaie
rejaie@hotmail.com
3
Musaad A Alshammari
malhadab@hotmail.com
4
Mashal M Almutairi
malmut3@gmail.com
5
Ali R Alhoshani
rhoshani@gmail.com
6
Wael A Alanazi
ph.wael3@gmail.com
7
Mohamed H Hafez
mohhafez_2000@yahoo.com
8
Othman A Al-Shabanah
shabanah@ksu.edu.sa
9
College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Kind Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Kind Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Kind Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Kind Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Kind Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Kind Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Kind Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Kind Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Background: Breast cancer is affected by the immune system in that different cytokines play roles in its initiationand progression. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is an immunosuppressive factor involved intumorigenesis. The present study was conducted to investigate the gene silencing effect of a small interference RNA(siRNA) targeting IL-10 on the apoptotic pathway in breast cancer cell line. Methods: The siRNA targeting IL-10 anda glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) clone were introduced into MDA-MB-231 cells. Real-timePCR assays were used to determine IL-10 and GAPDH gene expression levels, in addition to those for protein kinaseB (AKT), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), caspase-3 and caspase-9 genes related toapoptosis. Results: Inhibition of IL-10 by the siRNA accelerated apoptosis and was accompanied by significantincrease in caspase-3 and caspase-9 and a significant decrease in PI3K, AKT and Bcl2 expression levels compared tothe non-transfected case. Conclusions: In conclusion, the production of IL-10 may represent a new escape mechanismby breast cancer cells to evade destruction by the immune system. IL-10 gene silencing causes down regulation of bothPI3K/AKT and Bcl2 gene expression and also increases the Bbc3, BAX caspase3, and caspase 3 cleavage expressionlevels. IL–10 might represent a promising new target for therapeutic strategies.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57731_7e5e389accfcd9e100a7ce08f15a5dfa.pdf
interleukin 10
small interference RNA
Real Time PCR
caspase-3
Caspase-9
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
785
789
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.785
57592
Possible Synergistic Interactions Among Multiple HPV Genotypes in Women Suffering from Genital Neoplasia
Massoud Hajia
massoudhajia@yahoo.com
1
Amir Sohrabi
sohrabi58@gmail.com
2
Department of Molecular Biology, Research Center of Health Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Molecular Biology, Research Center of Health Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
Objective: Persistence of HPV infection is the true cause of cervical disorders. It is reported that competitionmay exist among HPV genotypes for colonization. This survey was designed to establish the multiple HPV genotypestatus in our community and the probability of multiple HPV infections involvement. Methods: All multiple HPVinfections were selected for investigation in women suffering from genital infections referred to private laboratoriesin Tehran, Iran. A total of 160 multi HPV positive specimens from cervical scraping were identified by the HPVgenotyping methods, “INNO-LiPA and Geno Array”. Result: In present study, HPV 6 (LR), 16 (HR), 53 (pHR), 31(HR) and 11 (LR) were included in 48.8% of detected infections as the most five dominant genotypes. HPV 16 wasdetected at the highest rate with genotypes 53, 31 and 52, while HPV 53 appeared linked with HPV 16, 51 and 56in concurrent infections. It appears that HPV 16 and 53 may have significant tendencies to associate with each otherrather than with other genotypes. Analysis of the data revealed there may be some synergistic interactions with a fewparticular genotypes such as “HPV 53”. Conclusion: Multiple HPV genotypes appear more likely to be linked withdevelopment of cervical abnormalities especially in patients with genital infections. Since, there are various patternsof dominant HPV genotypes in different regions of world, more investigations of this type should be performed forcareHPV programs in individual countries.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57592_06019fb2e82d0a7dd272bd7d700cc996.pdf
HPV
Multi Genotypes
Genital Infection
Iran
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
791
796
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.791
57860
Individual and Integrated Effects of Potential Risk Factors for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Hospital-Based Case- Control Study in Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Fahd Alharbi
fahdalharbi3@gmail.com
1
Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
dr.faeq.quadri@gmail.com
2
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Dental Public Health, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world, with a high prevalence reported in Jazanprovince of Saudi Arabia. The objectives of this study were to check individual and integrated effects of potential riskfactors for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods: A case control study was designed with a sampleof 210 subjects, in which histopathologically confirmed incident cases (n=70) and controls (n=140) matched for age,gender and referral route, were recruited. Differences in exposure to potential risk factors between cases and controlswere assessed using chi-square and McNemar analyses. A logistic regression model with interactions was applied to checkindividual and integrated effects. Results: Mean age of the sample was 55 years (+ 20 years). Shammah (O.R = 33.01;C.I = 3.22 – 39.88), shisha (O.R = 3.96; C.I = 0.24 – 63.38), and cigarette (O.R = 1.58; C.I = 0.13, 2.50) consumptionwas significantly associated (P<0.05) with oral squamous cell carcinoma development. In contrast, Khat chewing (O.R= 0.67; C.I = 0.19-2.36) was without significant effect. An increase in odds ratios was observed when combinationsof shammah and shisha (O.R = 35.03; C.I = 11.50-65.66), shisha and cigarettes (O.R = 10.52; C.I = 1.03 – 33.90) orshamma and cigarettes (O.R = 10.10; C.I = 0.50 - 20.40) were used. Conclusion: Combined exposure to risk-factorshas serious implications and policies on oral cancer prevention should be designed with attention to this aspect.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57860_8f157badd0c14e796572ac5a209618c2.pdf
Shammah
oral squamous cell carcinoma
oral cancer
Saudi Arabia
Case control study
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
797
801
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.797
57732
Swallowing Exercises: Will They Really Help Head and Neck Cancer Patients?
Karim Mashhour
karim.mashhour.81@gmail.com
1
Rehab Abdelkader
zeka_hendy@yahoo.com
2
Labiba Abdelkader
weedo_82@kasralainy.edu.eg
3
Shaimaa El Hadary
mohamedhashem50@hotmail.com
4
Wedad Hashem
weedo82@hotmail.com
5
Department of Clinical Oncology, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
Medical – Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Egypt.
Medical – Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Egypt.
Medical – Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Egypt.
Department of Clinical Oncology, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
Purpose: The work was a comparative study, the aim of which is to evaluate the impact of swallowing exercises onswallowing problems among head and neck cancer patients (HNCPs) after CRT. Methods: The sample of 60 HNCPswas equally divided into control and study groups. The investigators met all patients 3 times (before, during and afterCRT); swallowing ability was assessed using the Sydney Swallowing Questionnaire (SSQ). The University of Texas,MD Anderson Cancer Center Swallowing Exercise Protocol was explained and demonstrated by the investigators tothe study group. All tools used were translated into Arabic. Data analyses were carried out using the statistical packagefor social sciences (SPSS), program version 20. Results: Most of the patients from both groups experienced milddysphagia during the 1st visit. By the 3rd visit, severe dysphagia (to thin and thick liquids, and soft and hard food)was higher in the control group (73.3%) compared to the study group (26.7%). By the third visit there was statisticallysignificant difference between both groups in swallowing thin liquids (p = 0.01), as well as thick liquids (p = 0.01).At the 1st visit, there was no significant difference regarding swallowing soft food (p = 0.24), hard food (p = 0.17),dry food (p = 0.89) and swallowing Saliva (p = 0.28). While by the 3rd visit, there was significant difference betweencontrol and study groups in all parameters. Conclusions: Adequate prevention and treatment of dysphagia, with useof swallowing programs, is essential to plan a complete therapeutic programme.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57732_f4f8bcc1f3987d85028abe2f523bb225.pdf
Dysphagia
Exercises
Quality of Life
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
803
810
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.803
57634
Extraction and Characterization of Chick PEA (Cicer arietinum) Extract with Immunostimulant Activity in BALB/C MICE
Bindhu Jayaprakash
bindhuravi.edu@gmail.com
1
Arunava Das
2
Molecular Diagnostics and Bacterial Pathogenomics Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam Erode Dist-638401, India.
Molecular Diagnostics and Bacterial Pathogenomics Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam Erode Dist-638401, India.
Traditional plant medicines are used for a range of cancer conditions. The chickpea is highly proteinaceous andconsumed as a staple in many parts of the world. An evaluation of chemoprotective and immunomodulatory activitiesof Cicer arietinum (CE) in cisplatin-induced immunosuppressed mice was here performed. Cisplatin was givenat 100mg/kg, intraperitoneally, and after induction of immunosuppression mice were treated with Cicer arietinum(0.5 mg/dose/animal/IP) for a period of 10-day. The influence of the extract on lymphoid organ weight, bone marrowcellularity, alpha esterase activity and on enzyme levels such as (SGOT,SGPT, Urea, Creatinine was assessed toidentify any chemoprotective influence. Administration of CE to cisplatin-treated mice alleviated the drastic reductionin bone marrow cellularity and α- esterase positive cells seen with cisplatin. Thus myelosuppression was reversed orinhibited. Cisplatin bids to DNA and causes damage resulting in chromosome breaks, micronucleus formation and celldeath. CE is comprised of numerous middle-chain aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, in addition to compoundslike 7-hydroxy-1-methoxy-6-methylanthraquinone, cyclohexadecane (CAS) and 6-(amino methyl)-2-naphthol. Theselatter are thought to contribute to the characteristic aroma of C. arietimnum. In conclusion, administration of CEin cisplatin-treated mice, boosted bone marrow cellularity and increased α- esterase positive cells, thus reversingmyelosupproession.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57634_24a612fd6670a8eb6212075105016511.pdf
Cicer arietinum
Chemoprotective
Cisplatin
Alpha Esterase
histopathology
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
811
817
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.811
57678
Diagnostic Value of Glypican-3 for Hepatocellular Carcinomas
Sherif El Saadny
elsadany@gmail.com
1
Taher El-Demerdash
dr.tahereldemerdash@hotmail.com
2
Amal Helmy
amal.mostafa@med.tanta.edu.eg
3
Wael Wahid Mayah
waelmayah@gmail.com
4
Boshra El-Sayed Hussein
husseino14@hotmail.com
5
Mohammed Hassanien
mohammedhassanien700@yahoo.com
6
Nehal Elmashad
nehalelmashad@yahoo.com
7
Mahmoud Ali Fouad
mfouad@kau.edu.sa
8
Eman Ahmed Basha
rawanwmwyah@gmail.com
9
Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Egypt.
Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Egypt.
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Egypt.
Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Egypt.
Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Egypt.
Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Egypt.
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Tanta Fever Hospital, Tanta, Egypt.
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and dangerous malignancy in many parts of the world,and especially in Egypt. Early diagnosis is the most important step in successful HCC management. However mostcases are detected at late stage making effective intervention impossible. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluatethe potential of Glypican-3 (GPC-3) to aid in diagnosis of HCC, especially in patients with low serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP). Subjects and methods: Serum GPC-3 was assessed by flow-cytometry and serum AFP by enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 40 HCC patients with AFP< 400ug\l. (GI), 40 HCC patients with AFP> 400ug\l.(GII) and 20 healthy controls (GIII). Results: GPC-3 was found to be significantly elevated in HCC as compared tohealthy subjects (GI 38.2±22. 5, GII 50.2±22.6, and GIII 2.24±1.19), with sensitivities of 85% for GI and 84% for GIIand specificities of 95% for GI and 92% for GII. AFP showed respective sensitivities of 50% and 79%, and specificitiesof 80% and 90%, for HCC diagnosis. The combination of GPC-3 with AFP achieved the highest sensitivity (98.5%) andspecificity (97.8%). Conclusion: Serum GPC-3 has a better sensitivity than AFP for the diagnosis of HCC. Combinationof two markers appears warranted for greatest accuracy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57678_c3cb65947876e93b83288b3939fa00dc.pdf
Glypican-3
AFP
HCC
Diagnostic sensitivity
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
819
823
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.819
57624
Effectiveness of a Mass Media Campaign on Oral Carcinogens and Their Effects on the Oral Cavity
Ashish Shrestha
asreta@yahoo.com
1
Jyotsna Rimal
josna21@yahoo.com
2
Department of Public Health Dentistry,B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
Objective: To develop a mass media campaign on oral carcinogens and their effects on the oral cavity in orderto increase awareness among the general population. Methods: Documentary and public service announcementshighlighting the effects of tobacco and its products were designed and developed based on principles of behavior change. Aquestionnaire, designed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of people regarding oral carcinogens, was usedto conduct a baseline survey at various sites in eastern Nepal. Local television channels and radio stations broadcastedthe documentary and public service announcements. An evaluation survey was then performed to assess the effectivenessof the campaign. Results: Baseline and evaluation surveys covered 1,972 and 2,140 individuals, respectively. A thirdof the baseline population consumed quid, 22% chewing tobacco, 16% gutka (commercial preparation of arecanut,tobacco, lime and chemicals) and 25% cigarettes. Tobacco consumption differed significantly between 3 ecologic regionswith greater use in the Terai region. The knowledge prevalence regarding the oral carcinogens quid (70%), chewingtobacco (82%), gutka (58%) and cigarettes (93%) significantly increased in the evaluation population. Females weremore aware about the various tobacco products and their effects on health. More people knew about the harmful effectsof tobacco on their health and oral cavity, and had their mouth examined and the frequency of consumption of theseproducts reduced significantly after the campaign. Attitudes towards production, sale and advertisements of tobaccoalso improved significantly. Conclusions: The mass media campaign was an effective tool for increasing awarenessamong the population.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57624_21746d616f7b5f888e495bdefa87a11b.pdf
Mass media campaign
oral cancer
oral carcinogens
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
825
831
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.825
57702
Factors Affecting Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening Among African Women in Klang Valley, Malaysia
Cecilia Chinemerem Nwabichie
chynorah0124@gmail.com
1
Rosliza Abdul Manaf
rosliza_abmanaf@upm.edu.my
2
Suriani Binti Ismail
si_suriani@upm.edu.my
3
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Introduction: Cervical cancer is a health concern among women worldwide, presently ranking as the second to fourthcommon cancer type among women in different parts of the world. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) 16 and 18 are themain causative agents of cervical cancer. However, prevention is possible with early and regular cervical cancer screening.Objective: This study aimed to identify the cervical cancer screening practices and factors affecting the screeningstatus of African immigrant women attending selected church services in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Methodology:A cross-sectional study among 320 randomly selected respondents between ages 18-69 was conducted in three differentchurches with high numbers of African participants. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among therespondents. To ensure a good understanding, the questionnaire was written and self-explained in English language,because English is the general spoken language among the study population. Three levels of analysis were conductedusing SPSS 21, involving descriptive analysis, chi square and multiple logistic regression. Results: The response ratewas 98.2%, the majority (68.1%) of the respondents being aged 31-50 years and married. The prevalence of screeningamong the respondents over the past 3 years was 27.2%. Using a p-value of 0.05 as the significance level, the finalmodel showed that marital status (p=0.004), knowledge (p=0.035), perceived barriers (p=0.003), and having a regularhealth care provider (p<0.001) were the only significant predicting factors of uptake of cervical screening among Africanimmigrant women in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Conclusion: The findings revealed that the uptake of cervical cancerscreening among the African women was very low. Marital status, knowledge, perceived barriers and having a regularhealth care provider were the predictive factors. Specific awareness programs to increase uptake should be designed andimplemented by the relevant authorities.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57702_6abee3b8c2f8598fe96b8329c1b5b7ff.pdf
Cervical cancer
Screening
Pap test
African women
Malaysia
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
833
837
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.833
57741
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists Inhibit Mitogenic Activity in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Kran Suknuntha
suknuntha@uwalumni.com
1
Ruedeemars Yubolphan
ruedeemars.yub@student.mahidol.ac.th
2
Kanokpan Krueaprasertkul
kanokpan.kru@student.mahidol.ac.th
3
Sirada Srihirun
sirada.srh@mahidol.ac.th
4
Nathawut Sibmooh
nathawut.sib@mahidol.ac.th
5
Pornpun Vivithanaporn
pornpun.viv@mahidol.ac.th
6
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Despite a discovery of hormonal pathways regulating breast cancer, a definitive cure for the disease requires furtheridentification of alternative targets that provide a hormone-independent support. Apart from their role in inflammatorydiseases, cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) receptor antagonists (LTRAs) decrease the risk of lung cancer in asthma patientsand inhibit tumor progression in several malignancies. In the present study, we evaluate the effects of two chemicallydifferent, clinically relevant LTRAs (montelukast and zafirlukast) in a triple negative breast cancer cell line, MDAMB-231. We found that these two LTRAs reduced breast cancer cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with the50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) between 5-10 μM. Although both LTRAs have several pharmacological propertiesin common, we noticed that montelukast mainly induced apoptosis, while zafirlukast mainly exerted its action on cellcycle. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for such different effects remain unclear. In summary, our resultssuggest that CysLT plays a role in proliferation and survivability of breast cancer cells in the absence of hormonal stimuli.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57741_ac929bdc5113537021dcfd4fdf8c56dc.pdf
montelukast
zafirlukast
Proliferation
Apoptosis
breast cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
839
844
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.839
57727
Chemopreventive Effects of Edible Canna (Canna edulis Kerr.) Against Colorectal Carcinogenesis: Effects on Expression of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rat Inflammatory Model
. Burhannudin
mr.burhan88@gmail.com
1
Nur Mahmudah
nurmahmudah12@gmail.com
2
Sitarina Widyarini
sitarina@ugm.ac.id
3
Dewajani Purnomosari
d.purnomosari@ugm.ac.id
4
Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Objective: Dietary high fibre and calcium intake has been suggested to reduce colorectal cancer risk. However, thereis limited information available regarding the potential of edible canna (Ganyong), with high dietary fibre and calciumcontent, to act as a preventive agent for colorectal cancer. This experimental study was conducted to investigate thepreventive effect of Ganyong in reducing colorectal carcinogenesis with attention to effects on adenomatous polyposiscoli (APC) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were dividedinto 5 equal groups; a normal control group without azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulphate (AOM/DSS) inductionand Ganyong, a ‘cancer’ control group with AOM/DSS induction only, and three treatment groups with AOM/DSSinduction and different percentages (5%, 10% and 20%) of Ganyong. Paraffin-embedded sections of rat colon tissuewere analysed by haematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining against antibodies against APC and iNOS.Variation in rates of APC and iNOS expression were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn’stest (SPSS statistic version 24). Pthe expression of APC (p=0.013) and iNOS (p=0.013) compared to the normal control group. APC expression in thetreated groups was lower than in the ‘cancer’ control group (p=0.049), especially in the 10% Ganyong group (p=0.02).In contrast, there was no significant variation among the treated groups regarding iNOS expression. Histopathologicalfeatures of the colon supported the data for APC and iNOS expression. Conclusion: This study indicated potentialchemopreventive effects of Ganyong reducing expression of factors contributing to colorectal carcinogenesis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57727_ec8f452adc8da91a74a6da8402ac1759.pdf
Canna edulis
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
colorectal cancer
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
845
851
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.845
57726
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Protein Interaction Mapping Analysis via Proteomic Approaches
Mona Zamanian Azodi
mona.azodi@gmail.com
1
Majid Rezaei Tavirani
tavirani_m@yahoo.com
2
Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
tavirany@yahoo.com
3
Reza Vafaee
vafaeereza@gmail.com
4
Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
m.rostamii@gmail.com
5
Hearing Disorders Research Center and Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), although not very common in many parts of the world, is a major concern insome countries, including Iran. Molecular studies are very helpful to provide essential information regarding underlyingcarcinogenetic mechanisms. Here, considering NPC proteomic approaches, established biomarkers were designated forprotein-protein interaction network construction and analysis with corresponding plug-ins. A network of reported proteinmarkers was constructed and topological and biological process features were investigated. Centrality analysis showedthat JUN, CALM1, HSB1, and SOD1 are more important than other differentially expressed proteins in an interactingpattern. What is more, by extending the network, Tp53, PRDM10, AKT1, ALB, HSP90AA1, and EGFR achieved thehighest values for NPC network strength. It can be concluded that these proteins as well as their contributing processes,particularly in a second network, may be important for NPC onset and development. Targeting these candidate proteinsmay allow novel treatment approaches following appropriate validation.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57726_c800512b8978abd1e7de57d707519e95.pdf
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Protein-protein interaction network analysis
Topological Analysis
Gene ontology
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
853
858
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.853
57862
Quality of Breast Cancer Surgical Pathology Reports
Anita Vallacha
anita_vallacha@hotmail.com
1
Ghulam Haider
dr_ghaider1@yahoo.com
2
Wiky Raja
sachdev_vik@hotmail.com
3
Dinesh Kumar
drdinesh089@gmail.com
4
Department of Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Department of Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Department of Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Department of Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Background: Surgical pathology reporting of breast cancer is needed for appropriate staging and treatment decisions.We here checked the quality of surgical pathology reports of breast cancer from different laboratories of Karachi,Pakistan. Methods: One hundred surgical pathology reports from ten different laboratories of Karachi were assessedfor documentation of elements against a checklist adopted from the CAP guideline over a period of six months fromJanuary, 2017 to June, 2017 in the Oncology Department, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Results: Outof 100 reports, clinical information was documented in 68%, type of procedure and lymph node sampling in 84%and 34% respectively. Specimen laterality was mentioned in 90%, tumor site in 44%, tumor size in 92%, focality in40%, histological type in 96%, grade in 87%, LCIS in 19%, DCIS in 83%, size of DCIS in 19%, architectural patternin 26% , nuclear grade in 17%, necrosis in 14%, excision margin status in 91%, invasive component in 83%, DCIS in16%, lymph node status in 91% with positive nodes in 56%, size of macro met in 54%, extranodal involvement in 48%,lymph vascular invasion in 86%, treatment effects in 31%, and pathology reporting with TNM in 57%. Conclusion:This study shows that the quality of surgical pathology reports for breast cancer in Karachi is not satisfactory. Therefore,there is great need to create awareness among histopathologists regarding the importance of accurate breast cancersurgical pathology reporting and to introduce a standardized checklist according to international guidelines for bettertreatment planning.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57862_7ab3913ac28a3828149bef00c0b766cd.pdf
Quality
breast cancer
Surgical
Pathology
Reports
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
859
866
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.859
57601
A Germline Mutation in the BRCA1 3’UTR Variant Predicts Susceptibility to Breast Cancer in a Saudi Arabian Population
Rashid Mir
rashidmirtabuk@gmail.com
1
Jamsheed Javid
jali@ut.edu.sa
2
Ibrahim Abdullah Al Balawi
drbalawi@yahoo.com
3
Khaled R Alkharsah
kalkharsah@iau.edu.sa
4
Maha Abdel Hadi
mhadi@uod.edu.sa
5
Mostafa Abdel Rahman
mostaarahman@gmail.com
6
Ebtesam Hamoud
ebtesamyh@yahoo.it
7
Yousef Al Alawi
yalalawi@hotmail.com
8
Attiya Bin Mohammad Al Zahrani
attiyaalz@hotmail.com
9
F M Abu-Duhier
fabu-duhier@ut.edu.sa
10
Division of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Division of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Department of surgical oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Microbiology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Breast Division, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Prince Sultan Oncology Center, King Salman Armed Force Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Prince Sultan Oncology Center, King Salman Armed Force Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Surgery Breast and Endocrine Unit, King Salman Armed Force Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Surgery Breast and Endocrine Unit, King Salman Armed Force Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Division of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Purpose: The impact of the BRCA1-3’UTR-variant on BRCA1 gene expression and altered responses to externalstimuli was previously tested in vitro using a luciferase reporter assay. Its ability to predict breast cancer risk in womenwas also assessed but the conclusions were inconsistent. The present study concerns the relationship between theBRCA1-3’UTR germline variant rs8176318G>T and susceptibility to Breast cancer in an ethnic population of SaudiArabia. Methodology: The study included 100 breast cancer patients and 100 sex matched healthy controls fromthe northwestern region (Tabuk) and Dammam of Saudi Arabia were investigated for the BRCA1-3’UTR germlinevariant rs8176318G>T using an allele specific PCR technique. Genotype distributions were then compared. Results:The frequencies of the three genotypes GG, TT and GT in our Saudi Arabian patients were 26%, 8% and 66% andin healthy controls were 45%, 5% and 50%, respectively (p=0.03). Risk of developing breast cancer was found to besignificantly associated with the GT variant (OR 2.28, 1.24-4.191; RR 1.47, 1.11-1.93; P=0.007), GT+TT (OR, 2.32,1.28-4.22; RR 1.48, 1.13-1.94; P=0.005) and the T allele (OR 1.62 , 1.072- 2.45; RR 1.28, 1.02-1.60: P=0.020). Therewere 2.76 and 2.28 fold increase risks of developing breast cancer associated with the TT and GT genotypes in ourcases. A significant correlation was also found between the BRCA1 3’UTR variants with the stage of the disease anddistant metastasis but not with age, grade, and ER, PR and her2/neu status. Conclusion : The rs8176318G/T in the3’untranslated region (UTR) of the BRCA1 gene was found to be associatedwith increased susceptibility to breastcancer in our study population, increased risk being noted with the GT and TT genotypes. Further association studiesare needed to confirm this finding in other regions of Saudi Arabia.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57601_06798e9e1ce54f2cec67b004ef1d1312.pdf
BRCA1 3’UTR variants rs8176318G/T
ER-Estrogen receptor
PR-Progesterone Receptor
Her2/neu
eng
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
2018-03-01
19
3
867
874
10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.867
57739
Differential Expression of c-fos Proto-Oncogene in Normal Oral Mucosa versus Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Akhilesh Krishna
akhil.kgmc@gmail.com
1
Madan Lal Brahma Bhatt
drmlbhatt@yahoo.com
2
Vineeta Singh
singhvineeta02@gmail.com
3
Shraddha Singh
drshraddha.22@gmail.com
4
Pravin Kumar Gangwar
gangwar.pravin1986@gmail.com
5
Uma Shankar Singh
usinghjyotsna@yahoo.co.in
6
Vijay Kumar
drvkumar2007@rediffmail.com
7
Divya Mehrotra
divyamehrotra@hotmail.com
8
Department of Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
Vice-Chancellor, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
Department of Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
Department of Urology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
PG Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
Department of Surgical Oncology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
Background: The c-Fos nuclear protein dimerizes with Jun family proteins to form the transcription factor AP-1complex which participates in signal transduction and regulation of normal cellular processes. In tumorigenesis, c-Fospromotes invasive growth through down-regulation of tumor suppressor genes but its role in oral carcinogenesis is notclear. Objectives: This study concerned c-fos gene expression in normal and malignant tissues of the oral cavity, withattention to associations between expression status and clinico-pathological profiles of OSCC patients. Method: A totalof 65 histopathologically confirmed OSCC tissue samples were included in case group along with an equal number ofage and sex-matched normal tissue samples of oral cavity for the control group. c-Fos protein and m-RNA expressionswere analyzed using immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, respectively. Results: A significant low expression of c-Fosprotein was observed in OSCC cases than normal control subjects (p= <0.001). The mean percent positivity of c-Fosprotein in cases vs. controls was 24.91± 2.7 vs. 49.68± 2.2 (p= <0.001). Most OSCC tissue samples showed weak ormoderate c-Fos expression whereas 53.8% of normal tissue sections presented with strong immunostaining. Moreover,the relative m-RNA expression for the c-fos gene was significantly decreased in case group (0.93± 0.48) as compared tothe control group (1.22± 0.87). Majority of c-Fos positive cases were diagnosed with well developed tumor. The meanpercent positivity of c-Fos protein was significantly lower in higher grade tumor as compared with normal oral mucosa(p= < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study suggested that the c-fos gene is downregulated in oral carcinomas. Thedisparity of c-Fos protein levels in different pathological grades of tumor and normal oral tissue samples may indicatethat loss of c-Fos expression is related with the progression of OSCC.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_57739_aa58f51937c2accd6d8ea8aa251dce89.pdf
OSCC
c-Fos
immunohistochemistry
Gene expression