ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
COVID-19 Vaccination and Cancer, the Need for more Data
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89781_0a1c1ac8f9f316ad74ad297ad36f5907.pdf
2021-10-01
3053
3054
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3053
COVID-19
cancer
Vaccines
Seyed Alireza
Javadinia
javadinia.alireza@gmail.com
1
Clinical Research Development Unit, Hospital Research Development Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar.
AUTHOR
James
Welsh
james.welsh@va.gov
2
Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital and Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine. Chicago, IL, USA.
AUTHOR
Alireza
Mosavi Jarrahi
rmosavi@yahoo.com
3
Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Opportunities and Challenges of Tobacco Control Policy at District Level in Indonesia: A Qualitative Analysis
Introduction: Comprehensive tobacco control policies are lacking in Indonesia where smoking prevalence in males is among the highest in the world. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitude, opportunities and challenges to tobacco control among local stakeholders. Methods: This is a qualitative study using in-depth interviews. Four study areas included Bengkulu Province, Bengkulu City, Seluma District, and Kaur District. Eighteen participants interviewed were from policymakers, legislators, and civil societies during November-December 2020. Thematic data analysis was used. Results: While knowledge and support of the existing Smoke Free Policy (SFP) were high, that of other policies such as outdoor tobacco advertising (OTA) ban and tobacco product display ban were low. Among others, one opportunity was there is already SFP regulation in each study area, to which such bans can be added. Among others, three major challenges were: (a) lack of enforcement of the existing SFP, (b) lack of national regulation to ban OTA and product display, and (c) counter actions by the tobacco industry. Conclusion: The opportunities and challenges identified could be lessons learnt for more comprehensive tobacco control especially by local governments in Indonesia and other countries with similar settings.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89782_9d0f569329fbf4f376ed6df549863824.pdf
2021-10-01
3055
3060
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3055
tobacco control
Smoke-free policy
opportunity
challenge
Indonesia
Sepri
Yunarman
sepriyunarman@iainbengkulu.ac.id
1
Faculty of Tarbiyah and Tadris, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Aries
Munandar
arys_munandar@yahoo.com
2
Faculty of Social and Political Science, University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Abdillah
Ahsan
ahsanov@yahoo.com
3
Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Ali
Akbarjono
aliakbarjono@iainbengkulu.ac.id
4
Faculty of Tarbiyah and Tadris, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Dian
Kusuma
d.kusuma@imperial.ac.uk
5
Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, London, UK.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Association between Smokeless Tobacco Use and Risk of Periodontitis in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background: Individual studies conducted in Asian countries have reported higher risk of periodontitis among smokeless tobacco (SLT) users in comparison to non-users. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to summarize the available evidence on this topic. Methods: Prominent electronic databases were searched using pre-decided MeSH terms and keywords. Screening of titles and abstracts, full text reading, quality assessment and data extraction was done by two investigators independently. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for risk of bias assessment of eligible studies. Meta-analysis was performed for four periodontal outcomes (periodontal pocket depth, loss of attachment, clinical attachment level and gingival recession). A sensitivity analysis was also performed. Results: Of the 546 citations, 367 were screened for eligibility. Finally, 89 studies were shortlisted for full text reading, of which, 36 were found eligible for qualitative analysis. Most of the studies were conducted in India (n=22), were of cross-sectional design (n=33), utilized purposive sampling and 24 studies were included for meta-analysis (n=28) and done on hospital-based population (n=26). Only 13 (37.1%) studies achieved a score of more than 50% (5/10 stars) on quality assessment scale. SLT users had higher odds of greater periodontal pocket depth greater than 4 mm (OR=3.64), gingival recession (OR=1.71) and loss of attachment 4-5 mm (OR=2.83) and mean difference of 1.7 mm for Clinical Attachment Level compared to non-users. Conclusion: The studies included in this review suggests that SLT users have poorer periodontal health in comparison to non-users. But most of this evidence comes from cross-sectional studies. Longitudinal studies with rigorous methodology are required to support this elucidation. Registration: This systematic review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019122964).
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89783_4b130b8585d50419535fd2a940de2eda.pdf
2021-10-01
3061
3074
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3061
smokeless tobacco
Periodontitis
Systematic review
Abhishek
Mehta
amehta@jmi.ac.in
1
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
AUTHOR
Venkitachalam
Ramanarayanan
venkitr2006@gmail.com
2
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India.
AUTHOR
Vineetha
Karuveettil
kvineetha2016@gmail.com
3
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India.
AUTHOR
Chandrashekar
Janakiram
sekarcandra@gmail.com
4
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Overexpression of c-Met is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of c-Met overexpression with survival of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analyses was conducted on related articles from PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Cochrane databases with last updated search on October 31, 2020. A total of 7 studies regarding c-Met overexpression and overall survival (OS) and/or progression free survival (PFS) are included in this study. Results: All studies used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of c-Met protein. The results showed that the positive rate of c-Met overexpression was detected in approximately 33,9% - 60,5% of GBM patients. c-Met overexpression was related to worse OS (HR: 1,74; 95% CI: 1,482-2,043; Z=6,756; p<0,001) and PFS (HR: 1,66; 95% CI: 1,327-2,066; Z=4,464; p<0,001) in GBM patients. Low heterogeneity of subjects was found in both OS and PFS analyses, I2 values were 7,8% and 0,0%, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, c-Met overexpression is significantly related to shorter OS and PFS in GBM patients, so c-Met can be considered as a potential prognostic indicator in GBM.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89784_87a0ec27f1e2aca4afdac8683528dfd1.pdf
2021-10-01
3075
3080
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3075
c-Met
Glioblastoma Multiforme
Prognosis
survival
Jellyca
Anton
jellyca.anton@gmail.com
1
Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sudibio
Sudibio
sudibio_su@yahoo.com
2
Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Handoko
Handoko
handoko.asia@gmail.com
3
Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Tiara
Permata
dr.mayangpermata@gmail.com
4
Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Henry
Kodrat
henrykodrat@gmail.com
5
Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Endang
Nuryadi
bob.nuryadi@gmail.com
6
Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Henry
Sofyan
henry.riyanto.sofyan@gmail.com
7
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Eka
Susanto
ekasupitik@yahoo.com
8
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Rahmad
Mulyadi
dr_rahmad_radiologi@yahoo.com
9
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Renindra
Aman
rajohnwien@gmail.com
10
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Soehartati
Gondhowiardjo
gondhow@gmail.com
11
Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Factors Affecting Delayed Presentation and Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Asian Developing Countries Women: A Systematic Review
Background: Advance in screening strategies and management had steadily decreased the mortality rates of breast cancer. In developing countries, conducting screening and early diagnosis of breast cancers may face several problems. This systematic review aims to determine factors affecting the delayed diagnosis of breast cancer in developing countries in Asia. Methods: Literature research was conducted through Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EbscoHost, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The main keywords were “breast cancer”, “delayed diagnosis” and “developing countries”. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were included. Results: A total of 26 studies were included. The definition of delayed presentation or diagnosis varied from 1 month to 6 months. Among all the factors from patients and providers, breast symptoms and examinations consistently showed a significant contribution in reducing delayed diagnosis. Strengthened by qualitative studies, patients’ knowledge and perception also had a major role in delayed diagnosis. Conclusion: Among Asian developing countries, breast symptoms and examination, as well as individual knowledge and perception, are the main factors related to delayed diagnosis of breast cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89785_d50ebe13ccf52493628bc9e41ff32a5b.pdf
2021-10-01
3081
3092
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3081
Asian developing countries
breast cancer
delayed diagnosis
Knowledge
Perception
Farida
Sobri
didabriani@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Adang
Bachtiar
adang@post.harvard.edu
2
Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Sonar
Panigoro
sonarpanigoro@gmail.com
3
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Dumilah
Ayuningtyas
dumilah@gmail.com
4
Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Hardya
Gustada
hardyagustada@yahoo.com
5
Pondok Indah Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Patria
Yuswar
pawaryus@gmail.com
6
Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Aqsha
Nur
aqsha17@gmail.com
7
Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
R.
Putri
citanantia@gmail.com
8
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Anggindita
Widihidayati
angginditadw@gmail.com
9
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mobile Health Interventions for Improving Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of different mHealth interventions in increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates. Methods: A literature search for eligible studies was done in ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, and Scopus in October 2020. Included studies were randomized controlled trials done on adults due for CRC screening, who received either an mHealth intervention to promote screening or usual care. The primary outcome from these studies was completion of CRC screening. Two reviewers independently worked on selecting studies, collecting data, and determining risk of bias. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for CRC screening rates were summarized into a Forest plot. Results: A total of ten trials from three continents were included in the qualitative analysis. Risk of bias is low in terms of randomization, but high in terms of participant blinding, due to the nature of the interventions. Meta-analysis of four trials showed low clinical and statistical heterogeneity (I2=0%). Overall, the use of mHealth interventions is associated with higher CRC screening uptake when compared to usual care (AOR 1.33; 95% CI, 1.20-1.46). This effect was seen across different types of mHealth interventions, which included automated and non-automated telephone education and text-message reminders. Conclusion: This study showed that mHealth is associated with increased CRC screening participation regardless of the type of intervention used.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89786_8563f4b8f9ae55af0d48589a31d53c76.pdf
2021-10-01
3093
3099
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3093
Colorectal Neoplasms
Telemedicine
Early Detection of Cancer
Anton
Elepaño
agelepano@up.edu.ph
1
Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alyssa Samantha
Fusingan
acfusingan@up.edu.ph
2
Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
AUTHOR
Eric
Yasay
ebyasay@up.edu.ph
3
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
AUTHOR
Jereel Aron
Sahagun
jereel.sahagun@gmail.com
4
Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ketoconazole for the Treatment of Docetaxel-Naïve Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC): A Systematic Review
Objective: This systematic review aimed to determine the efficacy of ketoconazole in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed on four databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). The initial search resulted in 602 articles, which were progressively eliminated based on duplication, irrelevancy, and unsuitable methodology. A total of seventeen articles were included in the final analysis, including four randomized controlled trials, nine retrospective cohorts, and four prospective cohorts, with a total population of 1,095 patients. A 200-400 mg, tid dose of ketoconazole was used in these studies along with corticoid replacement therapy with hydrocortisone, 20-30 mg in the morning and 10-20 mg in the evening, or prednisone, 5 mg, bid. Results: Based on our findings, 8 out of 17 studies reported PSA decrease of >50% in approximately half of the population, with a more significant PSA response at 400 mg ketoconazole dosage, and the average progression-free survival (PFS) of 2.6-14.5 months, or time to progression of 3.2-6.7 months. Conclusion: Ketoconazole with corticosteroid could be an effective alternative for the treatment of mCRPC with a satisfactory PSA response and disease progression.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89787_4aa1f26b54e7ebbde8f31411e7e9d8a3.pdf
2021-10-01
3101
3107
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3101
corticosteroid
PSA
PFS
Response
Raden
Tresnanda
radenindratresnanda@gmail.com
1
Department of Urology, Hasan Sadikin Academic Medical Center, Universitas Padjajaran Bandung, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Sawkar Vijay
Pramod
doktervj@yahoo.co.id
2
Department of Urology, Hasan Sadikin Academic Medical Center, Universitas Padjajaran Bandung, Indonesia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ferry
Safriadi
safriadif@yahoo.com
3
Department of Urology, Hasan Sadikin Academic Medical Center, Universitas Padjajaran Bandung, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Periodontitis as a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer – What We Know Till Date?
A healthy microbiome is important for human health because it exhibits a variety of functions in the human body wherein the microbiome dysbiosis can lead to a variety of diseases, including cancer. Recent advances in technology and cost reduction of sequencing have made it possible and much easier for researchers to investigate the role of the microbiome in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, modulation of microflora may serve as an effective adjunct to conventional anticancer therapy that is very important to improve the patient’s quality of life. Additionally, microbiome biomarkers can also be used as a diagnostic tool for cancer. So far the association between oral microbial consortia and their interactions with the host in maintaining the human health and the pathogenesis of multiple cancers has gained much popularity in the scientific research community. While the interactions of oral microflora are better established in cancer- like gastric cancer, it is far less understood in others like breast cancer. Therefore, this review briefly outlines the current information on the role of oral microbiota in breast cancer with emphasis on the mechanisms of oral microflora induced carcinogenesis and discusses the emerging role of periodontitis as a risk factor for breast cancer. Clinical relevance; Periodontitis is a very common disease that is characterized by chronic polymicrobial infection and inflammation of gingiva. It might be associated as a risk factor for breast cancer. If this association is validated in large cohort studies, it would serve as a non-invasive biomarker for breast cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89788_0121b2e403bb97cf62445ed4cecad8a4.pdf
2021-10-01
3109
3114
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3109
Breast
cancer
Microbiome
Microflora
oral
Rakhi
Issrani
dr.rakhi.issrani00@gmail.com
1
Lecturer, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
RC Jagat
Reddy
reddyjagat@gmail.com
2
Oral Medicine & Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBV University, India.
AUTHOR
Tarek H
El-Metwally
thelmetwally@hotmail.com
3
Professor, Medical Biochemistry Division, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
AUTHOR
Namdeo
Prabhu
drpranam@gmail.com
4
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Google Trends™ Analysis of Bladder Cancer: Determining Awareness Campaign Success, and Patients’ Needs in Clinical Management
Objective: We aimed to determine the interest and changing trends over time in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer and its awareness campaign by examining the Google Trends application as an indicator of people’s interest globally. Methods: Using the Google Trends application, we determined the yearly and country-based relative search volumes of the term “bladder tumor” and of the methods used in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in the period from January 2004 to December 2019. We compared the median relative search volumes found in the period 2004-2011 (Period 1) with those found in the period 2012-2019 (Period 2). Results: We found that the median relative search volume for bladder cancer decreased in period 2 and this was parallel to the decrease in the incidence rates in North America and Australia (p<0.001). We found that the bladder cancer awareness month did not cause an increase in the online interest (p>0.05). We found that the median relative search volumes of diagnostic cystoscopy and cytology were higher than those of molecular markers and imaging methods in line with guidelines (p<0.001). Also, TURBT was the most sought-term among treatment methods with increasing popularity in the second period (p<0.001). Conclusion: People use the internet intensively to search for information about bladder cancer. We think that several types of web-based applications such as “Google Trends” can help determine the behavioural patterns and tendencies of bladder cancer patients and affect the clinical decision-making processes, as well as readily determining the impact of cancer awareness campaigns to bring about an increased awareness in the society for the recognition of the importance of an early diagnosis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89789_1e742f8bb5cbd5b71034772a04321aff.pdf
2021-10-01
3115
3120
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3115
bladder cancer
Google Trends
Awareness Month
Urinary Cytology
Transurethral bladder tumour resection
Aykut
Demirci
draykutdemirci@hotmail.com
1
Department of Urology, Aksaray University Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Berat
Özgür
bcemozgur@hotmail.com
2
Department of Urology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of the Risk of Breast Cancer Development Applying NCI Tool among Iraqi Women
Objective: As part of the bioinformatics studies, we utilized National Cancer Institute (NCI)’s Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool to estimate the five-year period and lifetime risk of breast cancer development among Iraqi risky women. Methods: Totally, 110 risky women aged 21-67 (mean=36±7.4) years were interviewed by a series of questions regarding the risk of breast cancer development. Moreover, 100 cases with mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes were included. Results: Our results demonstrated that the patient’s estimated risk of breast cancer development during the next five years and lifetime (until the age 90 years) included 0.96% (p=0.211) and 9.97% (p=0.002), respectively being relatively low. Accordingly, the lifetime risk for the breast cancer development was significantly higher (10.38%) than that of 5-year. However, the age of patients was not significantly associated to the breast cancer development as there was no significant difference among various age groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that long-term or lifetime period plays as a significant risk factor for developing breast cancer among female patients who had had a screening episode in Iraq.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89790_58ea1cc555d26184a9ca63299fe8682d.pdf
2021-10-01
3121
3126
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3121
breast cancer
Bioinformatics
Risk Assessment Tool
Zainab Abbas
Al Talebi
1
College of Science, University of Babylon, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Seenaa Kadhum
Ali
2
Deptment of Chemistry, Faculty of Education for Girls, University of Kufa, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Zinah Kadhim
Kareem
3
Manager of AL Mustensrya Family Center, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Dhafer
Al-Koofee
management.editores@gmail.com
4
Deptment of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Mediating Role of Parental Factors in the Social Patterning of Smoking among Adolescents in Urban Indonesia
Introduction: Parental factors may explain part of the social patterning of smoking among adolescents. This study aims at assessing the association between adolescent smoking and family characteristics (parental education, family wealth, and religion) and the mediating role of parental factors (smoking, control, and permissiveness towards smoking). Methods: In 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in eight Indonesian cities among 2,393 students aged 13–18 years. Multilevel logistic regression analysis estimated the associations between family characteristics and adolescent smoking. Generalized Structural Equation Models (GSEM) quantified mediation of these associations by parental factors. Analyses were stratified by gender. Results: Smoking prevalence was 35.8% among boys and 2.6% among girls. Odds of smoking were higher among those with lower parental education among boys (low vs. high: OR:1.57, 95%CI:1.01-2.43), but not girls (OR:0.91, 95%CI:0.24-3.43). The association among boys was partially mediated by father’s smoking status, parental control, and parental permissiveness towards smoking. High family wealth was associated with higher odds of smoking among girls (poorer vs. wealthier: OR:0.39, 95%CI:0.15-0.99), but not boys (OR:0.76, 95%CI:0.52-1.10). This association among girls was not clearly mediated by parental factors. Religion was not associated with smoking among boys or girls. Conclusions: In Indonesia’s urban settings, inequalities in boys’ smoking by educational background may be addressed by measures aimed at supporting lower educated parents to improve parental control and to reduce permissiveness towards smoking.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89791_be35ead4bb6460dd6117b9c2da31bc86.pdf
2021-10-01
3127
3135
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3127
Tobacco
smoking
Adolescent
mediation analysis
Wahyu
Septiono
whawhay@hotmail.com
1
Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mirte
Kuipers
m.a.kuipers@amsterdamumc.nl
2
Public Health and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
AUTHOR
Nawi
Ng
nawi.ng@gu.se
3
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institution of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
AUTHOR
Anton
Kunst
a.e.kunst@amsterdamumc.nl
4
Public Health and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis of Competing Risks of Causes of Death in Cancer Patients from Golestan, Iran over Twelve Years (2004-2016)
Background: Cancer-related causes of death (cancer CoD) are the main etiologies of death in cancer patients. Recent increase in survival rates of cancer patients resulted in higher risk of dying from causes other than cancer, called competing causes of death (competing CoD). We aim to characterize competing CoD among cancer patients in Golestan province, Northern Iran. Methods: Data on cancer incidence was obtained from the Golestan population-based cancer registry (GPCR) dataset. Data on causes of death was obtained from the Golestan death registry (GDR) dataset. Using a linkage method between the GPCR and GDR dataset, we prepared the study dataset including data on vital status and causes of death in our cancer patients. The proportions of cancer CoD and competing CoD were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was considered to assess the relationship between competing CoD and other variables. Results: Overall, 4,184 cancer patients died in the study population, including 2,488 men (59.9%). Cause of death in 3,455 cases was cancer and 729 cases (17.4%) died due to competing CoD. Ischemic heart disease (40.7%) was the most common competing CoD in our population. Higher survival rate was the strongest variable related to the competing CoD (adjusted OR=1.91; 95%CI: 1.61-2.26). Residence area, age group and year of death were other indicators of competing CoD in our population. Conclusion: Our results suggest high rates of competing CoD in our cancer patients. Competing CoD should be mentioned in cancer control planning both in clinical practice as well as in public health policy making.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89792_94ae09c6daaa5f6eb583ff221158fd82.pdf
2021-10-01
3137
3142
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3137
cancer
mortality
Cause of Death
Golestan
Iran
Mostafa
Zare
mostafazare36@yahoo.com
1
Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Susan
Hasanpour-Heidari
susan.hasanpour@gmail.com
2
Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Shahryar
Semnani
sh_semnani@yahoo.com
3
Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Abdolreza
Fazel
fazelabdolreza@gmail.com
4
Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Seyed Mehdi
Sedaghat
smsedaghat48@gmail.com
5
Deputy of Public Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Yasamin
Semnani
yassi_s98@yahoo.com
6
Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Seyed Mohsen
Mansuri
mansori.m93@gmail.com
7
Statistics and Information Technology Office, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Masoomeh
Gholami
masoomeh.gholami1976@gmail.com
8
Death Registry Unit, Deputy of Public Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Marzieh
Araghi
m.araghi@imperial.ac.uk
9
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Roshandel
roshandel_md@yahoo.com
10
Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Patient Interval and Associated Factors in the Diagnostic Journey of Oral Cancer: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study from Kerala, India
Background: The incidence of oral cancer is increasing in south-central Asia. Though it can be detected early, most cases were reported in late stages, resulting in a poor prognosis. Reducing the patient interval will facilitate early diagnosis and better disease survival. The paucity of research on the patient interval in oral cancer has limited our ability to design and evaluate programs for early diagnosis. Methods: The study was conducted to identify the duration of patient interval and associated factors in oral cancer. Patients with oral cancer reporting at a tertiary cancer center during the study period were interviewed using validated data collection tools. The ‘Aarhus statement’ guidelines were followed in designing and reporting the study. Results: Among the 261 participants, 54% reported a patient interval of more than 90 days. The median (IQR) patient interval was 92 (38-168) days. In the multivariate binary logistic regression model, those who approached healthcare facilities due to pain (OR, 8.3, 95% CI, 2.9 to 23.4) were more likely to have a patient interval of more than 90 days over those who came due to insistence by family. Smoking status (Current smoker vs. never smoker) at the time of diagnosis (OR, 2.518, 95% CI, 1.3 to 4.7), Stage of cancer (late vs. early) of participants (OR, 2.62, 95% CI, 1.3 to 5.2), and time of travel (>30 minutes vs. ≤ 10 minutes) to health care facility (OR 5.8, 95% CI, 1.6 to 21.7) were the other significant predict8 6766667ors for the patient interval of more than 90 days. Conclusion: Patient interval in oral cancer can be reduced by improving symptom awareness, abstinence from tobacco use, and facilitating access to health care facilities. The double burden of tobacco use in oral cancer, as it increases the risk of disease occurrence and delays symptom presentation, needs serious policy considerations in the context of cancer prevention.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89816_6fe0188f13cd60ee5e00eecdacf744a0.pdf
2021-10-01
3143
3149
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3143
Delay in presentation
patient delay
Early Diagnosis
symptom awareness
Aarhus statement
Phinse
Philip
phinse1984@gmail.com
1
Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
AUTHOR
Srinivasan
Kannan
kannansrini@ymail.com
2
Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Development of Mobile App for Breast Examination Awareness Using Health Belief Model: A Qualitative Study
Background: Mobile health technologies are widely being used for delivering health behaviour interventions. However, there is insufficient evidence that they are integrating theory and only a few researchers utilized a qualitative approach in their study. Objectives: This paper aims to identify requirements in developing a breast examination awareness mobile app based on the component of the Health Belief Model (HBM) for integration in health promotion strategy. Methods: A qualitative approach using semi-structured in-depth interview was utilized in this study. A purposive sampling method was conducted among public women attending hospital services, software and content experts in a tertiary teaching hospital in the East coast of Peninsular Malaysia. These interviews were recorded, transcribed and organized using NVIVO 11. The main themes were identified through thematic analysis of the interview transcripts. Results: A total of 37 participants recruited in this study. The themes that emerged from the analysis are vulnerability, forecasting, reactive, influence, outcome and obstacles. The sub-themes findings supported the HBM’s component in terms of the requirement for are an infographic risk factor, video (symptoms, self-examination), info (metastasis, survival, screening, triple assessment, treatment, myth and facts, benefit of early treatment, support groups), features (screening reminder, sharing button, prompt) and mobile app’s design. Conclusion: The research findings could provide a guide for future app development from public women, content and software experts. The information will be used to develop a breast examination awareness mobile app integrated with health theories.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89793_7653986ffaf75083ea08a1838d7f3e1c.pdf
2021-10-01
3151
3163
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3151
mobile app
breast examination awareness
Health Belief Model
breast cancer
breast health
Arryana
Nasution
ryana2389@gmail.com
1
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
Azlina
Yusuf
azlinayusuf@usm.my
2
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Soon
Lean Keng
soonlk@gmail.com
3
School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
Nur Syahmina
Rasudin
syahmina@usm.my
4
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
Yulita
P Iskandar
yulita@usm.my
5
Graduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
Imi Sairi
Ab Hadi
drimisairi@yahoo.com
6
Department of Surgery, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Association between Early Menopause, Gynecological Cancer, and Tobacco Smoking: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: The rates of smoking among women are rising. Previous studies have shown that smoking is associated with early menopause. However, the association of gynecological cancer, including breast and cervical cancer, with early menopause and smoking, remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between smoking and early menopause, breast cancer, and cervical cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Survey Examination (KHANES) (2016–2018). Early menopause was defined as menopause before 50 years of age. Results: A total of 4,481 participants were included in the analysis. There was no association between early menopause and cervical cancer (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.435, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.730–2.821), but women who had experienced early menopause had a significantly higher risk of breast cancer than women who had experienced normal menopause (aOR: 1.683, 95% CI: 1.089–2.602, p=0.019). Early menopause was not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in ever-smoker (aOR: 0.475, 95% CI: 0.039–5.748), but was associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer in never-smokers (aOR: 1.828, 95% CI: 1.171–2.852). Conclusions: Early menopause was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in women who had never smoked, but not in women who had ever smoked.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89794_d0f1f888d16b9df77ff193f6adef2c55.pdf
2021-10-01
3165
3170
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3165
Keywords: Early menopause
breast cancer
Cervical cancer
Tobacco
Epidemiology
Joyce
Kim
hkim808@yuhs.ac
1
Department of Public Health, The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
AUTHOR
Yeun Soo
Yang
ysyang4647@yuhs.ac
2
Department of Public Health, The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
AUTHOR
Su Hyun
Lee
szhzzn3@yuhs.ac
3
Department of Public Health, The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
AUTHOR
Sun Ha
Jee
jsunha@yuhs.ac
4
Department of Public Health, The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Cost of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer in Thailand: an Empirical Study for Economic Analysis
Objective: To evaluate cost of illness of locally advanced cervical cancer patients from societal perspective in three scenarios including completely cured without severe late side effects (S1), completely cured with late grade 3-4 gastrointestinal side effects (S2.1) or genitourinary side effects (S2.2), and disease recurrence and death (S3). Methods: The incidence-based approach was conducted. The cost was calculated for 5-year time horizon starting for the treatment initiation. Direct medical costs were extracted from hospital database. Cost of using two-dimensional technique and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy were calculated separately. Direct non-medical costs and indirect costs in terms of productivity loss were based on actual expenses from the interview of 194 locally advanced cervical cancer patients from two tertiary hospitals in Bangkok, during June to December 2019. All costs were converted to US dollar in 2019 values. Results: For 5 years, cost of illness per patient for using two-dimensional technique and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy were US $8,391 and US $10,418 for S1, US $18,018 and US $20,045 for S2.1, US $17,908 and US $19,936 for S2.2, and US $61,076 and US $63,103 for S3, respectively. The economic burden for newly diagnosed locally advanced cervical cancer patients in Thailand in 2018 was approximately US $129 million and US $131 million for using two-dimensional technique and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, respectively. Cost from S3 accounted for 70% of all total cost. Premature death was the most important cost driver of cost of illness accounted for 64 % of the total cost estimates. Conclusions: Cost of illness of locally advanced cervical cancer patients produced significant economic burden from societal perspective. Disease recurrence and early death from cancer was the most influential cause of this burden.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89795_e365f4ebd905bc3ff0243cd25b457c00.pdf
2021-10-01
3171
3179
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3171
Cervical cancer
cost of illness
Economic burden
Thailand
Kanyarat
Katanyoo
kankatanyoo@edu.vajira.ac.th
1
Social, Economic and Administrative Pharmacy (SEAP) Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Arthorn
Riewpaiboon
arthorn.rie@mahidol.ac.th
2
Social and Administrative Pharmacy Division, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Usa
Chaikledkaew
usa.chi@mahidol.ac.th
3
Social and Administrative Pharmacy Division, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Montarat
Thavorncharoensap
montarat.tha@mahidol.ac.th
4
Social and Administrative Pharmacy Division, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Risk Communication Through Health Beliefs for Preventing Opisthorchiasis-Linked Cholangiocarcinoma: A Community- Based Intervention in Multicultural Areas of Thailand
Objective: This research aimed to study the effects of the risk communication program through the Cambodian folk song to prevent Opisthorchiasis-linked cholangiocarcinoma (OV-CCA). Methods: We conducted the quasi-experimental research between August and December 2017 in the Cambodian communities, one-fourth of ethnic minorities residing in multicultural areas of Sisaket Province, Thailand. The samples consisted of 94 equally people divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group included 47 people at-risk of OV-CCA who received the program for 12 weeks, while the control group received regular services. We collected data by using a questionnaire with a reliability of 0.93. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The study indicated that the socioeconomic information of both groups was not different. The mean scores of all issues (health beliefs, social support, and prevention behavior in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group with statistical significance. Closer inspection showed that the mean difference of the health beliefs was 55.61 points (95%CI: 52.39-57.42, p<0.001), social support was 9.09 points (95%CI: 8.12-10.05, p<0.001), and prevention behavior was 6.38 points (95%CI: 5.43-7.33, p<0.001). Conclusion: Through the Cambodian folk song, the risk communication program by applying the health beliefs and social support to prevent OV-CCA is beneficial for behavior modification in areas with similar cultures.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89796_accb20dabf936820711e472999813fd2.pdf
2021-10-01
3181
3187
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3181
Health Education
Health beliefs
Social Support
Opisthorchiasis
cholangiocarcinoma
Nopparat
Songserm
nopparat.s@ubru.ac.th
1
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Pariwat
Korsura
pariwataof@gmail.com
2
Somboon Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital, Khukhan District, Sisaket, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Somkiattiyos
Woradet
somkiattiyos@tsu.ac.th
3
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung Province, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Akhtar
Ali
akhtar-ali@utulsa.edu
4
Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Oklahoma, United State of America.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles Caffeic Acid Complex Compound as New Potential Therapeutic Agent against Cancer Incidence in Mice
Objective: The present work was designed to study the effect of new conjugated caffeic and folic acid with silver nanoparticles with definite molecular size applied with and without gamma radiation exposure, as an antitumor agent against experimentally induced Ehrlich tumor and attempted to identify their potential molecular mechanisms of action throughout determination of anti-tumor activities using MTT cytotoxic assay against two human carcinoma cell lines in vitro, such as apoptosis analysis by flow cytometry through caspase-8, caspase-3 and TNF determination in vivo. Materials and Methods: Adult female albino mice were used and divided into five groups. Animals were sacrificed and the following parameters were estimated, glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood in addition to caspase8, caspase 3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) of tumor tissue, liver and kidney function also measured in plasma. The tumor specimens were processed for histopathological examination. Results: Nano-silver folate caffeic (NSFC) complex compound treatment resulted in growth inhibition in Ehrlich solid tumor, Hep-G2, and MCF-7 cells (IC50 0.062 mg, 7.70 µM, and 14.50 µM, respectively). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that (NSFC) with radiation IR had apoptotic effects at caspases 8 (Mean±SD) (49.4±14), caspase3 (39.97±9.75), and TNF (40.1±3.4) more than any other groups. Those disturbances were found to be associated with a kinetic induction of apoptosis and showed modulation of the antioxidant system {glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) which were 60.70±0.80, 26.73±0.80, 39.52±0.58 respectively}at the group which took (NSFC+IR), besides its high percentage of necrotic cells by histopathological studies. In conclusion, the present study showed that the treatment of (NSFC) exhibits very efficient oncolytic activity in delaying tumor growth in mice bearing Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma (ESC) and the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of the present compound involve both an apoptotic effect against Hep-G2 and MCF-7 cells and modulation of antioxidant system.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89814_9b3243ae8651ec5a46a36037fb9ff480.pdf
2021-10-01
3189
3201
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3189
Apoptosis
Conjugated caffeic and folic acid
Tumor
Silver nanoparticles
Radiation
Tahany
Abdelwahab
tahanysaad154@gmail.com
1
Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rania
Abdelhamed
rania_ellisy@yahoo.com
2
Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Eman
Ali
emnoaman@yahoo.com
3
Department of Biochemistry, Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Nahla
Mansour
nahlaahmed254@yahoo.com
4
Department of Organic Chemistry, Petrochemical Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mohga
Abdalla
mohga.shafiek@science.helwan.edu.eg
5
Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Direct Relationship between Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphism and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Complicated by Direct Acting Antiviral Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus
Objective: This study aimed to assess the correlation between the genotyping of interleukin-10 (IL-10 polymorphism rs 1800871) and the incidence hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) treated with direct acting antivirals (DAAs). Method: For 200 patients with HCV infection who completed DAA treatment and followed up for 1 year, IL-10 polymorphism SNP(-819) rs 1800871 analysis was conducted via real time polymerase chain reaction. During the follow-up period, 100 patients who developed HCC were selected and compared with 100 patients who did not develop any complications. Results: The studied patients were divided into two groups according to the incidence of complications after completion of DAA treatments. During the follow-up, 100 patients with HCV infection who developed HCC were selected and compared with 100 patients with HCV infection who did not develop any complications (positive control group). For the HCC group (n = 100), the mean age was 58.1 ± 6.4 years, with 92.7% being male and 7.3% being female; 91% had cirrhosis, 10% had lymphadenitis, 75% had splenomegaly, and 17% had ascites. In the positive control group (n = 100), mean age was 46.3 ± 9.4 years, with 68% being male and 32% being female; 20% had cirrhosis, 12% had splenomegaly, and 4.2% had ascites. The results demonstrated that sofosbuvir (SOF) + daclatasvir + ribavirin regimen was the most prevalent drug treatment for patients with HCC (72%), while SOF + Simeprevir was the most safe treatment for HCV infection among patients with HCC (2%). CT genotype was the most common genotype in the HCC group (56%), among different drug regimen (67.8%). T allele was the most prevalent in HCC group (61%), while the C allele was the least prevalent (39%). Conclusion: IL-10 genotyping may help in selecting the safest and most accurate drug regimen according to the safest genotype response relationship and follow-up of genotype resistance.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89815_2ff8cf1f4015b9b5f60d94ee8d4b3fbf.pdf
2021-10-01
3203
3210
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3203
(IL-10) Interleukin-10cytokine
(HCC) Hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCV)Hepatitis C virus
(DAAS) direct acting antiviral
Samar
Ghanm
samarghanm77@yahoo.com
1
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Nashwa
Shebl
drnashwa2014@hotmail.com
2
Hepatology and Gastoentrology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Ibrahim
El Sayed
ibrahimtantawy@yahoo.co.uk
3
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koom, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamed
Abdel- Bary
hamed.abdelbari@science.menofia.edu.eg
4
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koom, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Basant
Saad
basantfarid293@gmail.com
5
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koom, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Warda
Othman Saad
dr.warda82@yahoo.com
6
Hepatology and Gastoentrology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Laser Therapy as a Preventive Approach for Oral Mucositis in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: The Potential Role of Superoxide Dismutase
Purpose: Oral mucositis is a painful condition that occurs in patients who undergo chemotherapy. Due to the worsening of oral mucositis, the patient may progress to a worse clinical condition and interrupt antineoplastic treatment. There is little literature on low-power laser therapy in chemotherapy for other solid tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether low-level laser therapy (LLLT) applied before chemotherapy could prevent oral mucositis in patients with solid tumors. Methods: Laser therapy was applied at a frequency of 630nm, with a dose of 2J / cm2, for the prevention of oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy specifically for non-hematological tumors. Epidemiological data, total neutrophils, general side effects, development of oral mucositis and degree, and the performance of low-power laser therapy to prevent oral mucositis were collected. The involvement of oxidative stress was evaluated by the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) through blood samples, before and after chemotherapy treatments. Results: LLLT in the proposed protocol is efficient in reducing the development of oral mucositis (only at grade I/II) in patients under chemotherapy and able to reduce the severity of oral mucosal lesions, in patients who developed mucositis after the use of the laser for prevention. All individuals who underwent LLLT protocol did not show a significant reduction of SOD activity after the last chemotherapy cycle. Conclusions: The prophylactic laser therapy protocol proposed by the study, defined at a frequency of 630nm, a dose of 2J / cm2, demonstrated the ability to decrease the occurrence of oral mucositis in patients undergoing chemotherapy protocols to solid tumors. This effect could be related to preserved SOD activity, as it was observed that oral mucositis is related to leukopenia and reduced SOD activity and LLLT protocol prevented the decrease of SOD activity.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89797_7b0dd8bff32b3adf59482b4f92b692be.pdf
2021-10-01
3211
3217
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3211
Oral Mucositis
Low-power laser therapy
solid tumors
Chemotherapy
oxidative stress
Beatriz
Menezes
biacoutens@yahoo.com.br
1
Department of Physiological Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
AUTHOR
Marcela
Thebit
marcela.thebit@gmail.com
2
Biotechnology Post-Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
AUTHOR
Lucas
Bonela
bo.nela@hotmail.com
3
Biotechnology Post-Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
AUTHOR
Karine
Oliveira
karinegadioli@hotmail.com
4
Department of Physiological Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
AUTHOR
Washington
Gonçalves
wash.goncalves@gmail.com
5
Residency Program in Health, University Santa Ursula, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
AUTHOR
Nazare
Bissoli
nazarebissoli@gmail.com
6
Department of Physiological Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
AUTHOR
Carmem
Sartorio
carmemsartorio@gmail.com
7
Department of Physiological Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sonia
Gouvea
gouveasa@yahoo.com.br
8
Department of Physiological Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
p16INK4A Expression in Condyloma Acuminata Lesions Associated with High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection
Objective: The objective of this study was to discover the possible correlation between p16INK4A expression and the LR/HR-HPV infection in condyloma acuminate (CA) lesions. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted during January-December 2017 on 33 CA patients. The expression of p16INK4A was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The positive interpretation was carried out by scoring which score 0 was negative, score 1 was sporadic, score 2 was focal, and score 3 was diffuses. The HPV genotypes were identified by reverse line blot, and 40 genotypes of HPV detected, including HR-HPV (HPVs 16, 18, 26, 31, 33,35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67, 68a, 68b, 69, 73, and 82) and LR-HPV (HPVs 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 55, 61, 62, 64, 70, 71, 72, 81, 83, 84, 87, 89, and 90). Results: The expression of p16INK4A was significantly correlated with HR-HPV infection. Patients infected with HR-HPV had 0.644 times higher possibility to express p16INK4A gene compared to those infected with LR-HPV. LR-HPV genotypes detected in CA patients were HPVs 6, 11, 42, 61, 54, 81, 87, 89, and 90 and HR-HPV genotypes were HPVs 18, 26, 45, 51, 52, 67, 68B, 69, and 82. LR-HPV was found in 19/33 of patients and HR-HPV was in 14/33 of patients. The expression of p16INK4A in CA lesions was diffuse in15.2% of patients, was focal in 24.2% of patients , was sporadic in 39.4% of patients were, and was negative in 21.2% of patients . In LR-HPV group, there was no diffuse expression, focal expression was observed in 15.8%, sporadic in 47.4%, and negative in 36.8%, while in HR-HPV group, p16INK4A expression was detected in all lesions , in a way that its expression was diffuse in 35.7%, focal in 35.7%, and sporadic in 28.6%. Conclusion: IHC is a routine method in histopathological diagnosis, therefore the detection of p16INK4A expression by IHC can be used as a biomarker for HR-HPV infection diagnosis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89798_5101d3c34a5d5afd7e5da45060dad0c7.pdf
2021-10-01
3219
3225
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3219
P16ink4a
High-risk HPV
low-risk HPV
condyloma
sexually transmitted diseases
Gondo
Mastutik
gondomastutik@fk.unair.ac.id
1
Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alphania
Rahniayu
alphania-r@fk.unair.ac.id
2
Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Afria
Arista
afria.kayla@gmail.com
3
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Dwi
Murtiastutik
dwimurtiastutik@yahoo.co.id
4
Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Nila
Kurniasari
drnilakurniasari@gmail.com
5
Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Trisniartami
Setyaningrum
trisniartami_s@yahoo.com
6
Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Anny
Rahaju
anny_sr@fk.unair.ac.id
7
Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
Erna
Sulistyani
8
Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty Dentistry, Jember University, Jember, Indonesia.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels in the Saliva of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Smokers (Vapers): A Comparative Analysis
Background: We examined the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme levels in the saliva of vapers (e-cigarette users) and compared the data with cigarette smokers and a control group of non-smokers and non-vapers. Methods: Subjects were recruited among those responding to a social media announcement or patients attending the SEGi Oral Health Care Centre between May and December 2019, and among some staff at the centre. Five ml of unstimulated whole saliva was collected and salivary LDH enzyme activity levels were measured with a LDH colorimetric assay kit. Salivary LDH activity level was determined for each group and compared statistically. Results: Eighty-eight subjects were categorized into three groups (control n=30, smokers n=29, and vapers n=29). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) values for salivary LDH activity levels for vapers, smokers, and control groups were 35.15 ± 24.34 mU/ml, 30.82 ± 20.73 mU/ml, and 21.45 ± 15.30 mU/ml, respectively. The salivary LDH activity levels of smoker and vaper groups were significantly higher than in the control group (p = 0.031; 0.017). There was no significant difference of salivary LDH activity level in vapers when compared with smokers (p= 0.234). Conclusion: Our findings showed higher LDH levels in the saliva of vapers when compared with controls, confirming cytotoxic and harmful effects of e-cigarettes on the oral mucosa.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89799_fcfbd7b36731497d588646710b3ae007.pdf
2021-10-01
3227
3235
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3227
LDH
Saliva
smokers
Enzyme, e-cigarettes
Anitha Krishnan
Pandarathodiyil
anithakrishnan@segi.edu.my
1
Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, SEGI University, Jalan Teknologi, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Anand
Ramanathan
drranand@um.edu.my
2
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
Ranjana
Garg
ranjanagarg@segi.edu.my
3
Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, SEGI University, Jalan Teknologi, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
Jennifer Geraldine
Doss
jendoss@um.edu.my
4
Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
Fazliny Binti
Abd Rahman
fazlinyrahman@segi.edu.my
5
Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, SEGI University, Jalan Teknologi, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
Wan Maria
Ghani
nabilah_wm@um.edu.my
6
Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
Saman
Warnakulasuriya
s.warne@kcl.ac.uk
7
Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, United Kingdom.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
CD34+/CD38- Stem Cell Burden Could Predict Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients’ Outcome
Background: The current predictor of the Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients’ outcome is the degree of response to targeted therapy; here we search for a biomarker predicting CML outcome before start of therapy. This study aimed to assess the impact of the CD34+/CD38- stem cells (SCs) burden in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) on treatment response and patients’ outcomes. Methods: Our study included 65 CML patients in the chronic phase. The patients’ CD34+/CD38- stem cells were quantified using flowcytometry before and after treatment by frontline imatinib (IM) therapy. The median follow-up for all patients was 18 months. Results: CD34+/CD38- stem cells frequency at diagnosis and after therapies are correlated to known prognostic markers (blast cells count, spleen size, total White cell count, and clinical scores). After therapy, the leukemic stem cells count dropped rapidly. The pretreatment CD34+/CD38- stem cells burden predicts response to frontline therapy. In addition, high SCs frequency at diagnosis predicts poor molecular response, transformation to AML, and poor patients’ outcomes. Conclusion: The percentage of CD34+/CD38- SCs burden at diagnosis reflects the CML disease behavior and is considered a biomarker for predicting CML patients’ response to first-line Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) therapy.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89800_87c2289992302e96476b26916b30322e.pdf
2021-10-01
3237
3243
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3237
CML
stem cells
outcome
Noura
Fathy El-Metwaly
nouraf@yahoo.com
1
Biochemistry Subdivision, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Salah
Aref
salaharef@yahoo.com
2
Hematology Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Ayed
ayed@yahoo.com
3
Hematology Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Manal
Abdel Hamid
abdelhamid@yahoo.com
4
Department of Medical Oncology, Mansoura University Oncology Center (MUOC), Mansoura, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Ahmed
El-Sokkary
elsokkary@yahoo.com
5
Biochemistry Subdivision, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Frequency of FLT3 Internal Tandem Duplications in Adult Syrian Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Normal Karyotype
Objective: Activating mutations of the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene (FLT3) by internal tandem duplications (ITDs) in the juxtamembrane domain (JMD) have been reported in ~30% of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with cytogenetically normal karyotype (CN). However, FLT3/ITD mutations are frequently accompanied with leukocytosis, high percentage of blasts in bone marrow (BM), and increased the risk of treatment failure in AML patients. FLT3-ITD mutated AML patients mainly with normal karyotype have higher relapse probability and shorter duration of complete remission (CR) after chemotherapy, so FLT3-ITD mutation is considered as an independent poor prognostic factor in AML. Methods: FLT3-ITD and FLT3-KTD were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism- PCR (RFLP-PCR) in 44 adults AML patients with cytogenetically normal karyotype (AML-CN) at diagnosis to characterize FLT3 status. The results were correlated with the prognostic factors. Results: In this study, FLT3-ITD mutations were identified in 7 (15.9%) of the 44 AML-CN patients. Among the 7 patients with FLT3/ITD mutations, 6 patients revealed a typical ITDs mutation (fragment size was 329 bp) and one patient showed untypical ITD mutation (fragment size was ~400 bp). Whereas 37 patients (61.7%) were FLT3-ITD. None of all AML-CN patients examined showed FLT3-KTD mutations. Conclusions: Our results support that FLT3-ITD are independent adverse prognostic factors for elderly AML-CN patients and are associated with low overall survival (OS), low rate of CR, high relapse rate (RR), and high percentage of BM blast at diagnosis. We concluded, FLT3 mutation analysis should be performed as a routine test in AML-CN patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89801_c4a2dd41888ce3fc3cf665e157d62958.pdf
2021-10-01
3245
3251
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3245
acute myeloid leukemia
normal karyotype
FLT3 internal tandem duplications
Prognostic factors
Ismael
Al-Arbeed
dr.ismaelalarbeed@gmail.com
1
Department of Microbiology, Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Ministry of High Education, Damascus, Syria.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdulsamad
Wafa
awafa@aec.org.sy
2
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Human Genetics Division, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Syria.
AUTHOR
Faten
Moassass
fmoassass@aec.org.sy
3
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Human Genetics Division, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Syria.
AUTHOR
Bassel
AL-Halabi
mbalhalabi@aec.org.sy
4
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Human Genetics Division, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Syria.
AUTHOR
Walid
Al-Achkar
walashkar@aec.org.sy
5
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Human Genetics Division, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Syria.
AUTHOR
Imad
Abou-Khamis
salmidani@aec.org.sy
6
Department of Microbiology, Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Ministry of High Education, Damascus, Syria.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Patient Satisfaction with Private Genetic Counselling for Familial Cancer in Western Australia: A Prospective Audit
Background: The rapid increase in demand for cancer genetic testing in Australia led to the establishment of private Familial Cancer Clinics (FCCs) as alternatives to public sector FCCs. Australian studies conducted in the public sector have shown high patient satisfaction with genetic counselling. No study has investigated patient satisfaction with genetic counselling in the private sector in Australia. Our aim was to assess patient satisfaction with genetic counselling for familial cancer within the private healthcare sector of Western Australia. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were given to all eligible patients after their first genetic counselling appointment, consisting of the 12-item Satisfaction with Genetic Counselling Scale and an added question regarding the perceived value for the financial cost. Outcomes assessed included instrumental satisfaction, affective satisfaction, procedural satisfaction and perceived value for financial cost. Participants scored the representative questions from one to four (unsatisfied - highly satisfied). Results: Two hundred and twenty patients were given the questionnaire, 75 questionnaires were returned (response rate 34%), and 73 were appropriately completed and analysed. Overall, seventy (96%) participants were highly satisfied with the genetic counsellor’s explanation; seventy-four (98%) were highly satisfied/satisfied with the reassurance provided. Sixty-eight participants (93%) were highly satisfied/satisfied with the help received. Seventy-two (99%) participants had their expectations met and sixty-nine (95%) participants were highly satisfied with the service. Sixty-eight (93%) participants were highly satisfied/satisfied with the cost of private genetic counselling. Sixty-one (83.6%) proceeded to genetic testing. Conclusions: Private genetic counselling was considered highly satisfactory, and the cost considered acceptable by most participants.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89802_123dc988b0d9ef72767a364511f79a78.pdf
2021-10-01
3253
3259
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3253
genetic counselling
Genetic Services
Practice Models
family history
Program Evaluation and Private Healthcare
Charmi
Perera
charmiperera@gmail.com
1
School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle Campus, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.
AUTHOR
Sarah
O’Sullivan
sarah@womencentre.com.au
2
Women Centre, West Leederville, Western Australia, Australia.
AUTHOR
Nicholas
Pachter
nicholas.pachter@health.wa.gov.au
3
Women Centre, West Leederville, Western Australia, Australia.
AUTHOR
Jason
Tan
jason@womencentre.com.au
4
Women Centre, West Leederville, Western Australia, Australia.
AUTHOR
Paul
Cohen
paul.cohen@uwa.edu.au
5
Women Centre, West Leederville, Western Australia, Australia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of PathTezt™, a Liquid-Based Cytology System
Liquid-based preparation (LBP) cytology is commonly used in most laboratories these days due to its convenience and reliable results for the cervical cancer screening program. The PathTezt™ Liquid-based Pap smear is a second-generation LBP, which uses a filter-based concentration technique in processing the sample. Objective: This study was done to evaluate the cellular fixation, morphology, quality of smear in gynae cytology, and diagnostic interpretation of cervical cytological smears produced by the PathTezt liquid-based processor. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 pap smear samples were taken and processed using the PathTezt 2000 processor. The slides were evaluated in terms of sample adequacy, percentage of the circle covered by epithelial cells, cellular distribution, obscuring factors, and cell fixation. Results: About 95.25% (381) of the samples were satisfactory for the evaluation. In 19 (4.75%) of the samples, epithelial cells covered less than 50% of the circle. A sample with good cellular distribution was seen in 92% of the cases, while 354 (88.5%) samples showed minimal inflammatory background. Almost all the smears (95.75%) had no erythrocytes in the background. All smears showed good quality fixation features toward nuclear, cytoplasm, and microorganisms. The total performance rate was 99%. Conclusion: Although the PathTezt liquid-based processor is still new compared to other first-generation LBP, the smears produced by this method were of high quality and it was cost-effective.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89803_ac91918fae62790998781d42b89f561c.pdf
2021-10-01
3261
3266
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3261
Liquid-based cervical smear
Cost-Effectiveness
PathTezt Processor
Nur Syuhada
Mohd Nafis
1
Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia,16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
Anani Aila
Mat Zin
ailakb@usm.my
2
Department of Pathology, School of Medical Science, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of the Anti-Cancer Efficiency of Silver Moringa oleifera Leaves Nano-extract against Colon Cancer Induced Chemically in Rats
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) categorized as the most common type of gastrointestinal cancers affected both genders equally. Chemotherapeutic drugs became limited due to their deleterious side effects. Therefore, efficiency of M. oleifera leaves extract increased by incorporating silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) then studied against colon cancer induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in rats. Methods: Different hematological and biochemical measurements in addition to specific tumor and inflammatory markers were quantified. Histopathological examination for Colonic tissues was performed. Native proteins and isoenzyme patterns were electrophoretically detected in addition to assaying expression of Tumor Protein P53 (TP53) and Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) genes in colonic tissues. Results: M. oleifera nano-extract restored levels of the hematological and biochemical measurements in addition to levels of tumor and inflammatory markers to normalcy in both of nano-extract simult- and post-treated groups. Also, it minimized severity of the histopathological alterations in the simult-treated group and prevented it completely in the post-treated group. The lowest similarity index (SI%) values were noticed with electrophoretic protein (SI=61.54%), lipid (SI=0.00%) and calcium (SI=75.00%) moieties of protein patterns, catalase (SI=85.71%), peroxidase (SI=85.71%), α-esterase (SI=50.00%) and β-esterase (SI=50.00%) isoenzymes in addition to altering the relative quantities of total protein and isoenzyme bands in colon of cancer induced group. Moreover, levels of TP53 and APC gene expression increased significantly (P≤0.05) in colon cancer induced group. The nano-extract prevented the qualitative and quantitative alterations in the different electrophoretic patterns in addition to restoring levels of the gene expressions to normalcy in both of simult- and post-treated groups. Conclusion: M. oleifera nano-extract exhibited ameliorative effect against the biochemical, physiological and molecular alterations induced by AOM in nano-extract simult- and post-treated groups.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89804_0a9e23e931c84147c590b4d9166c339c.pdf
2021-10-01
3267
3286
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3267
colorectal cancer
Moringa oleifera
Green Nanotechnology
Isoenzymes
Gene expression
Wael Mahmoud
Aboulthana
wmkamel83@hotmail.com
1
Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Wafaa
Shousha
wafaashousha@gmail.com
2
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Ehab
Essawy
ehab.essawy@science.helwan.edu.eg
3
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Saleh
hosny.2020@hotmail.com
4
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Alaa
Salama
alaahamed83@yahoo.com
5
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Non-Invasive Saliva-based Detection of Gene Mutations in Oral Cancer Patients by Oral Rub and Rinse Technique
Background: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most widely reported cancer worldwide. Liquid biopsy, a method that relies on identification of tumor-associated cells and/or cell free nucleic acids from body fluids is becoming increasingly popular in cancer diagnostics. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of Oral Rub and Rinse (ORR) technique in determining the genetic changes in common biomarkers of oral cancer such as TP53 using DNA obtained from saliva of oral cancer patients. Methods: A total of 15 oral cancer patients were recruited in the study and pre-surgical saliva samples were collected using the ORR technique. Tissue samples included in the study were obtained during the surgical excision of the cancerous oral lesion. Genomic DNA was isolated from the salivary cell plug and the tissues and the TP53 gene was amplified by PCR. The PCR products of all the exons of TP53 (Exons 2 to 11) were electrophoresed on agarose gel, purified and sequenced by Sanger method. The obtained sequences were compared with the reference sequence of TP53 gene. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics were used and reported as frequency and percentage. Results: Capillary sequencing of TP53 gene from tissue DNA revealed the presence of codon 72 c.215C>G (p.Pro72Arg) polymorphism in 10 patients (67%) and a heterozygous mutation at codon 172 c.514 G>T (p.Val172Phe) in 2 patients (13%). Among the 10 samples that showed codon 72 polymorphism, matched salivary DNA was available for 6 samples and 4 out of these showed same genetic change at codon 72. Similarly, of the 3 samples that showed codon 172 mutation, matched salivary DNA was available for 1 sample and the mutation status was identical. Conclusion: The results suggest a potential for clinical applications of ORR technique as an alternative to invasive tissue biopsy for detection of genetic changes in candidate biomarkers in oral cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89805_9047f124705ca2761c8c3a95578bcf53.pdf
2021-10-01
3287
3291
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3287
oral cancer
cancer biomarkers
TP53 Gene
Liquid Biopsy
Audrey
D’Cruz
audreydcruz@nitte.edu.in
1
Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.
AUTHOR
Pandyanda
Dechamma
divyadech@gmail.com
2
Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.
AUTHOR
Marina
Saldanha
saldanhamarina@gmail.com
3
Nitte (Deemed to be University), KS Hegde Medical Academy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.
AUTHOR
Sahana
Maben
drsahanamaben@nitte.edu.in
4
Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.
AUTHOR
Pushparaja
Shetty
drpusti@yahoo.com
5
Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.
AUTHOR
Anirban
Chakraborty
anirban@nitte.edu.in
6
Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Factors that Affect the Surveillance and Late-Stage Detection of a Newly Diagnosed Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Background: Surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is beneficial for detecting early-stage HCC. The factors that influence adherence to HCC surveillance and late-stage detection have never been evaluated. We investigated the predictive factors that contribute to patients accessing regular HCC surveillance and their association with the detection of late-stage HCC at the time of diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study at Hatyai Hospital (Songkhla, Thailand) between 2014 and 2016. HCC surveillance includes performing hepatic ultrasonography with/without serum alpha-fetoprotein 6–12 months before the detection of HCC. Logistic regression analyses were conducted separately to examine the relationship between the variables and each endpoint. Results: One hundred ninety-nine HCC patients were enrolled in the study; most patients were of low socioeconomic status, 90.5% had less than a bachelor’s degree, and 69.3% of patients had a monthly income of <10,000 baths (US $312.50). Nearly all (93.5%) patients had cirrhosis, 39.7% had hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 24.6% had hepatitis C virus infection, and 24.6% had alcohol-related liver disease. The risk of HCC was recognized in 51.8% of patients, and regular HCC surveillance was achieved in 36.2% of patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a monthly income >10,000 baths (US $312.50) (odds ratio [OR], 4.566; p = 0.013), HBV infection (OR, 0.188; p = 0.001), and recognition of patients at risk of HCC (OR, 130.396; p<0.001) were independent predictive factors for adherence to HCC surveillance. Regular HCC surveillance (OR, 0.215; p = 0.003) and recognition of HBV infection (OR, 0.356; p = 0.040) were independent preventive factors for the detection of late-stage HCC at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion: In Thailand, awareness of patients at risk of developing HCC and the rate of regular HCC surveillance are low. Greater awareness will enable physicians to surveil and detect HCC.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89806_f9a15b3d5ccf960d93a9a7ef92bfffa2.pdf
2021-10-01
3293
3298
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3293
HCC surveillance
Hepatitis B Virus
liver neoplasm
Thailand
Attapon
Rattanasupar
james_med22@yahoo.com
1
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Supattra
Chartleeraha
chartleeraha.supattra@gmail.com
2
Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Keerati
Akarapatima
keeratijune@gmail.com
3
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Arunchai
Chang
busmdcu58@gmail.com
4
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of Maspin, CK17 and Ki-67 Immunophenotyping in Diagnosing of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Background and study aim: One of the problems in diagnosing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is differentiation between PDAC cells and benign pancreatic tissue cells in cytologic samples. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of Maspin, CK17 and Ki-67 immunocytochemistry (ICC) in differentiation between these two groups of cells. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was carried on 80 cases of PDAC and 25 cell blocks of benign pancreatic tissue cells as a control group for evaluation of Maspin, CK17 and Ki-67 ICC. PDAC cases were sampled by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNAC), while cell blocks of control group were aspirated from benign pancreatic tissues that were obtained from the pancreatic surgically resected specimens. Immunostaining patterns, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of each antibody as well as possible antibody combined panels of these markers in differentiation between the two groups were evaluated. Results: Positive immunoreactivity for Maspin, CK17 and Ki-67 were 92.5%, 80% and 72.5% in PDAC cases, respectively. In contrast to PDAC cases, all the cell blocks of benign pancreatic tissue cells were negative for these markers. Regarding different panels, combined use of Maspin, CK17 and Ki-67 together as a triple test (at least one of them is positive) achieved the highest sensitivity of 98.8%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV of 96.2% and accuracy of 99% in the differentiation between PDAC and benign pancreatic tissue. Conclusion: Employing this short panel [Maspin, CK17 and Ki-67] is helpful for better differentiation between PDAC and benign pancreatic tissue.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89807_388b140210dee0e0e75edf919db0803a.pdf
2021-10-01
3299
3307
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3299
pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
EUS-FNAC
Maspin
CK17
Ki-67
Mona
Mamdouh
dr.mona.mamdouh.nci@gmail.com
1
Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hussein
Okasha
okasha_hussein@hotmail.com
2
Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology division, Kasr Al- Aini Hospitals, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Hebat Allah
Shaaban
heba6971@yahoo.com
3
Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Nesreen
Hafez
nesreennci@hotmail.com
4
Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Emad
El-Gemeie
emad.elgemeie@gmail.com
5
Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Pharmacokinetic Study of Native E.coli Asparaginase for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated with ThaiPOG Protocol
Background: Asparaginase is one of the essential chemotherapies used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Asparaginase antibody production may cause a subtherapeutic level and result in an inferior outcome. The aim of this study was to prove the efficacy of current native E.coli asparaginase-based protocol. Moreover, does subtherapeutic result appeared in small group of the trial?. Methods: A prospective study of asparaginase activity among patients who received native E.coli asparaginase 10,000 IU/m2 intramuscularly according to The Thai Pediatric Oncology Group (ThaiPOG) protocol was done. The plasma asparaginase activity was measured by the coupled enzymatic reaction. Pharmacokinetic data including peak activity (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), area under the curve (AUC0-48h) being elucidated. Results: Eight patients (five males and three females), median age 9.5 years, were enrolled. The median asparaginase activity of seven cases who were eligible for calculation reached Tmax within 24 hours (range 6-48 hours) with mean±SD of Cmax 3.60±0.34 (range 3.02-4.11) IU/ml. Mean±SD of AUC0-48h is 143.23±36.94 IU.h/mL (range 71.07 – 180.12 IU.h/mL). The post-48-hour activity showed a mean±SD of 3.19±0.24 IU/ml (range 2.77-3.51 IU/ml) which implied an adequacy of activity over 48 hours and proper for the 12-day period. One relapsed ALL patient showed an extremely low AUC of asparaginase activity which coincided with urticaria after asparaginase injection. Subsequently, the asparaginase antibody was demonstrated in this patient. Conclusion: Native E. coli asparaginase-based protocol provides a compelling pharmacokinetic effect. Asparaginase activity and/or antibody testing is recommended for all cases especially in a relapsed patient, history of high accumulative dose of asparaginase or suspected allergic reaction. Patients with low asparaginase activity or allergy may benefit from switching to an alternative form of asparaginase to maintain treatment efficacy.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89808_75b8641cea653c806c463f54f11ba945.pdf
2021-10-01
3309
3315
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3309
native
asparaginase
silent inactivation
Allergy
pharmacokinetic
Phumin
Chaweephisal
big_phumin@hotmail.com
1
Clinical Research for Holistic Management in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Trai
Tharnpanich
trai.t@chula.ac.th
2
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Aphinya
Suroengrit
aphinya.mtpon@gmail.com
3
Clinical Research for Holistic Management in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Pattramon
Aungbamnet
janingja2@yahoo.com
4
Clinical Research for Holistic Management in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Panya
Seksarn
py_seksarn@yahoo.com
5
Clinical Research for Holistic Management in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Darintr
Sosothikul
darintr.s@chula.ac.th
6
Clinical Research for Holistic Management in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Supanun
Lauhasurayotin
supanunlau@gmail.com
7
Clinical Research for Holistic Management in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Kanhatai
Chiengthong
c_kanhatai@yahoo.com
8
Clinical Research for Holistic Management in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Hansamon
Poparn
hansamonp@gmail.com
9
Clinical Research for Holistic Management in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
AUTHOR
Piti
Techavichit
piti.t@chula.ac.th
10
Clinical Research for Holistic Management in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
TGF-Β1 & PNPLA3 Genetic Variants and the Risk of Hepatic Fibrosis and HCC in Egyptian Patients with HCV-Related Liver Cirrhosis
Objective: The clinical outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its sequelae including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are greatly affected by host genetic factors; however, the possible mechanisms are still largely unclear. This work aimed to assess transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and patatin-like phospholipase domain containing-protein 3 (PNPLA3) genetic variants as risk factors for hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egyptian patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis. Methods: Seventy HCV-related liver cirrhosis patients (Total cirrhosis) who were divided into two groups; 34 patients with HCC (HCC group), and 36 patients without HCC (LC group) and 20 healthy volunteers (control group) were included. Routine laboratory investigations and imaging studies were determined. TGF-β1 (Arg25Pro; 915G>C) and PNPLA3 (I148M; C>G) variants were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Results: HCC group showed a significantly higher GG genotype distribution of TGF-β1 (Arg25Pro) than the LC group (P= 0.008, OR: 7.083, CI 95%: 1.422 – 35.282). The distributions of GG genotype (P= 0.047) and G allele (P= 0.002, OR: 4.395, CI 95%: 1.622 – 11.911) of PNPLA3 (I148M) were significantly higher in total cirrhosis patients than controls. Conclusion: TGF-β1 (Arg25Pro) GG variant may be associated with HCC risk in HCV-related liver cirrhosis patients, while PNPLA3 (I148M) GG variant may be associated with cirrhosis development but not HCC risk in HCV-related liver cirrhosis patients.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89809_d17808cd2655d2352a9c86e8e1b8c9f7.pdf
2021-10-01
3317
3326
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3317
gene polymorphism
Liver fibrosis
HCC
HCV
Azhar
Nomair
azhar.mohmd@alex.edu.eg
1
Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Lamia Said
Kandil
lamia.kandil@pua.edu.eg
2
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University, Egypt. Lecturer in the School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, UK.
AUTHOR
Hanan
Nomeir
nomeir_2100@yahoo.com
3
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Noha Said
Kandil
nohakandil80@gmail.com
4
Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Women’s Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Cervical Cancer and Its Screening in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women in the world. Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) is a common screening test for cervical cancer in Bangladesh. This study will assess the knowledge, attitude and practice towards cervical cancer and screening among women residing in Dhaka district. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 956 women aged 30 years and above in Dhaka. The women’s score on knowledge, attitude and practice were categorized as sufficient or insufficient. We calculated frequencies and used binary logistic regression to describe and assess the association between scores and socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. Results: Most (87%) respondent knew about cervical cancer and 13% knew that HPV is a risk factor for cervical cancer. Women who had sufficient knowledge were more likely to test VIA than those who had insufficient knowledge (39%, OR: 2.5; CI: 1.6, 2.8). Most (92%) would advise other women to have a VIA test. However, only 26% had a VIA test and 2% were vaccinated in private health care facilities for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Women who had sufficient attitude were equally likely to test VIA than those who had insufficient attitude. The VIA was underutilized because of low privacy during examination, unaware that VIA screened for cervical cancer, belief that they must pay for the test, and nurses performed examination. Conclusion: Women were knowledgeable about cervical cancer and likely to have a VIA test. However, the VIA test in underutilized and HPV vaccine coverage was low.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89820_ebfaf3971ffdd7492d6b6bbee0a95d6c.pdf
2021-10-01
3327
3335
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3327
VIA
HPV
Survey
Md. Omar
Qayum
oqayum84@gmail.com
1
Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mallick
Billah
drmasumbillah@yahoo.com
2
Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh.
AUTHOR
Rehena
Akhter
rehenaakhter70@yahoo.com
3
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh.
AUTHOR
Meerjady
Flora
meerflora@yahoo.com
4
Additional Director General (Planning and Development), Directorate General of Health Services, Bangladesh.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular Noninvasive Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Microsatellite Instability
Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for more than 80% of primary liver cancers. Moreover, in the next 10 years, more than one million patients are expected to die from liver cancer as estimated by the World Health Organization. The aim of the present study is to define the microsatellite phenotype in the blood, tumor and nontumor tissue samples from hepatocellular carcinoma cases to develop a simple non-invasive method for diagnosis and detection of the disease. Methods: A total of 100 patients with histologically-proven HCC were enrolled in this study, blood samples and tissue specimens from tumor and nontumor tissue were obtained from each patient. DNA was extracted and microsatellite instability MSI status was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 5 mononucleotide and 5 dinucleotide repeats. Results: Among the 100 HCC tumors analyzed, (8%) considered as displaying a typical MSI-H phenotype as defined by instability in at least 3 of the 10 repeats analyzed, (61%) tumors displayed MSI-L and (31%) displayed MSS while in plasma the instability was (40%) for MSI-H, (44%) for MSI-L and (16%) for MSS. Conclusion: our findings could point to the achievement that HCC patients could be diagnosed by MSI analysis using blood sample as non-invasive way and this conclusion achieved our aim as the study shows impressive and promising results.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89810_3b3b73b4a1013a2aa87fa80871a52dde.pdf
2021-10-01
3337
3346
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3337
HCC
microsatellite instability
Diagnosis
Noninvasive method
Samah
Mamdouh
samah_mmdh@yahoo.com
1
Departement of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tarek
Aboushousha
taboushousha@hotmail.com
2
Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Amr
Abdelraouf
abdelraoufamr@gmail.com
3
HBP Surgery, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Hussam
Hamdy
hamdy.hussam@gmail.com
4
Department of Surgery, Theodore Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Seleem
drmiseleem@gmail.com
5
Department of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Hanem
Hassan
hanemhassan57@gmail.com
6
Departement of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study on Early Onset Melanoma and Germ-Line Mutation in CDKN2A among Patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex
Objective: Malignant melanoma is a highly lethal melanocytic neoplasia with different predisposing factors. The genetic background in familial cases is an important issue in finding at risk family members. CDKN2A is one of these predisposing genes which have been estimated to be involved in germ line mutation in approximately 5-10% of familial melanoma cases. Materials and Methods: An inclusion criteria for familial melanoma was prepared according to the literature, and the age of onset was considered as a single criteria for selection. A total number of 322 melanoma cases were investigated regarding the criteria, among which 20 patients were chosen (<40 years). DNA was extracted from Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embed of normal tissues and DNA sequencing was performed for all coding sequences of CDKN2A (p16). Results: One of the cases showed a pathogenic mutation in codon 108, exon 2(322G >C; Asp108His). Further analysis of his offspring indicated no mutation in the next generation. Conclusion: As far as the authors of the present study are concerned, this was the first report on this germ-line mutation with mentioned amino acid alteration in the melanoma. Screening the CDKN2A gene for possible mutation could prevent the incidence of familial cases in at risk members.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89811_337cc81735f360f67d2aea43ed0650f6.pdf
2021-10-01
3347
3353
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3347
Melanoma
CDKN2A
familial cases
Mutation
Samira
Ferdosi
samira_f2468@yahoo.com
1
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Saffari
saffari_mojtaba@yahoo.com
2
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Razieh
Alishahi
r_shirkoohi@hotmail.com
3
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Alireza
Ghanadan
ghannadan@sina.tums.ac.ir
4
Department of Dermatopathology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
Shirkohi
r_shirkoohi@yahoo.com
5
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Serum Biomarkers for Chemotherapy Cardiotoxicity Risk Detection of Breast Cancer Patients
Objective: This study aimed to investigate level fluctuations of serum biomarkers that are associated with cardiotoxicity risk, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B) in response to chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer. Method: The serum levels of hs-CRP and Apo-B were evaluated in 56 breast cancer patients with main inclusion criteria: HER2 negative and who received adjuvant chemotherapy AC [A: Adriamycin, C: Cyclophosphamide] or AC→T [A: Adriamycin, C: Cyclophosphamide, T: Taxane] regimes at early II (n = 26) and late IV (n = 30) clinical stages by using particle enhanced turbidimetric assay. Results: The results of this study suggest that a high level of pre-treatment hs-CRP is a good prognostic marker in comparison to Apo-B. Moreover, the AC-T chemotherapy regime treatment in both early and late stages exhibited a significantly higher level of hs-CRP compared to that in the AC regime. Hs-CRP was significantly elevated in the early stage in comparison to the late stage among cancer patients, meanwhile Apo-B behaved inversely. Furthermore, the results showed that hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in late-stage cancer patients compared with those in early-stage in both chemotherapy regimens groups. On the other hand, Apo-B showed no significant differences. Conclusion: Monitoring hs-CRP level changes in comparison to Apo-B can be used to assist the side effect risk difference among different chemotherapy regimens, and staging reflecting a positive correlation between them more notable in the late stage.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89812_4cf105bbebe1a0809dbbb7b9b72cb151.pdf
2021-10-01
3355
3363
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3355
Hs-CRP
Apo-B
Chemotherapy
cardiotoxicity
breast cancer
Diya
Hasan
diyahasan@bau.edu.jo
1
Al-Balqa Applied University, Zarqa College, Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa, Jordan.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yazan
Ismail
yisamil@hct.ac.ae
2
Higher Colleges of Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Al Tibi
a.tibi@biolab.jo
3
Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories, Amman, Jordan.
AUTHOR
Safaa
AL-Zeidaneen
safaa84@bau.edu.jo
4
Al-Balqa Applied University, Zarqa College, Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa, Jordan.
AUTHOR
Mohanad
Odeh
modeh01@qub.ac.uk
5
Hashemite University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Zarqa, Jordan.
AUTHOR
George J
Burghel
george.burghel@mft.nhs.uk
6
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Centre for Genomics Medicine, Manchester, UK.
AUTHOR
Iyad
Natsheh
iyadnatsheh@bau.edu.jo
7
Al-Balqa Applied University, Zarqa College, Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa, Jordan.
AUTHOR
Amid
Abdelnour
amid@biolab.jo
8
Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories, Amman, Jordan.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Challenge in the Pathological Diagnosis of the Follicular- Patterned Thyroid Lesions
Background: The follicular-patterned thyroid lesions (FPTLs) include hyperplastic nodules (HN), follicular adenoma (FA), non-invasive follicular neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), follicular carcinoma (FC), and the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (FVPTC). Sometimes the pathologists cannot accurately separate these lesions from each others on a histological basis. Aims: To evaluate the utility of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of FPTLs. Materials and methods: Immunohistochemical analysis, incorporating 83 cases of histologically confirmed FPTLs out of which 20 carcinomas, 51 benign FPTLs (38 HN and 13 FA), and 12NIFTP were separated from each others using four immunostains (HBME-1, CK19, Galectin-3, and CD56). Results: We found statistically significantly more frequent expression of HBME-1, CK19, Galectin-3 proteins in carcinomas as compared to benign FPTLs (p = <0.01). HBME-1 and Galectin-3 were the most sensitive markers for the diagnosis of malignant FPTLs (75%). Galectin-3 was the most specific marker for the diagnosis of carcinoma (90.3%). Conclusions: The histomorphological features remain the cornerstone of the diagnosis of FPTN. Although HBME-1, Galectin-3, and CK19 immunostains have some diagnostic value in the separation of malignant from benign FPTLs, they are variably expressed in the benign and malignant FPTLs. No single immunostain has sufficient sensitivity and specificity and therefore their diagnostic use is controversial. Future studies are mandated to find more reliable markers that can separate between benign and malignant FPTLs.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89813_84bc95a1000cadcb255135a719859c6d.pdf
2021-10-01
3365
3376
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3365
NIFTP
HBME-1
CK19
Galectin 3
CD56
Dalia
Elsers
daliaelsers@aun.edu.eg
1
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Hussein
frcpath17@aun.edu.eg
2
Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mohammed
Osman
dr.osman@aun.edu.eg
3
Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Ghada
Mohamed
ghadaa1980@yahoo.com
4
Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Ghada
Hosny
ghada_h@aun.edu.eg
5
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
CXCL1, CXCL10 and CXCL12 Chemokines are Variously Expressed in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Prior and Post Bone Marrow Transplantation
Aim: The chemokine-receptor axes play parts in development of leukemia, CXCL1, CXCL10 and CXCL12 are involved in immune responses. Thus, we have examined the serum levels of these chemokines in parallel with their related cognate receptors (CXCR1, CXCR3 and CXCR4) in AML (acute myeloid leukemia) patients prior and post BMT (bone marrow transplantation) therapy. Main methods: Clinical specimens were collected from 46 AML patients (23 M1 and 23 M3 subtypes) before/after BMT. CXCL1, CXCL10 and CXCL12 concentrations were determined by ELISA. The mRNA levels of the related receptors were detected by QRT_PCR. Data were analyzed by T-test, χ2 and ANOVA statistical methods in SPSS software version 18. A difference was regarded significant if P value < 0.05. Key findings: Our results indicated that the elevated levels of CXCL12 in AML patients were remained unchanged after transplantation. The CXCL10 concentration was decreased in patients. All studied chemokines were elevated in BMT patients with history of 9 times PLT transfusion. In patients who received BMT from siblings CXCL1 and CXCL10 have been elevated, whereby they were compared to patients who received BMT from parents while CXCL12 sustained unchanged in groups. Serum measures of CXCL1 and CXCL10 were induced in acute and chronic GVHD patients in compare to these without GVHD. Significance: According to the results, it can be concluded that these chemokines play fundamental parts in pathogenesis of both AML and BMT. It is worthy to note that chemokines could be used as diagnostic markers alongside with possible promising therapeutic targets.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89817_a9000ba417e6b66f23e74a45718fd961.pdf
2021-10-01
3377
3384
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3377
AML
Leukemia
CXC chemokine
CXC chemokine receptor
BMT
Bahar
Yazdani
yazdani_zinat@yahoo.com
1
Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Gholamhossein
Hassanshahi
alireza.mrd39@gmail.com
2
Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Zahra
Mousavi
zm68_hemato@yahoo.com
3
Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran.
AUTHOR
Zahra
Ahmadi
leila5823@yahoo.com
4
Pistachio safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Hussein
Khorramdelazad
khorramdelazad@gmail.com
5
Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Alireza
Moradabadi
alirezamoradabadi@yahoo.co.uk
6
Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohamadreza
Shafiepoor
mohammad.shafieipoor21@yahoo.com
7
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbas
Fatehi
abfa1349@gmail.com
8
Department of Pediatrics, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Opium and Cigarette Smoking are Independently Associated with Bladder Cancer: The Findings of a Matched Case - Control Study
Background: Bladder cancer disproportionally affects the communities. While it is the ninth most common cancer in the world, in some parts of Iran including Kerman province it is the most common cancer among men. This study aimed to determine potential risk factors of bladder cancer in Kerman province, Iran. Methods: During February to July 2020, in this matched hospital-based case-control study, 100 patients with bladder cancer and 200 healthy individuals (matched in age and sex) were recruited. Socio-demographics status, occupational exposures, common diet, history of drug use and family history of cancer, were collected using a structured questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were applied and crude and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) along with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Data were analyzed using Stata version 14 software. Results: Opium consumption, cigarette smoking and low level of income were associated with increased chance of bladder cancer. Compared to never use, use of opium up to 18000 Gram -year was associated with increased chance of bladder cancer (AOR: 6; 95% CI =2.3, 15.5). The chance was higher among those who used opium more than 18,000 Gram - year (AOR: 11.3; 95% CI =2.3, 15.5). In comparison with never smokers, the chance of bladder cancer increased among those who smoked up to 20 pack-year cigarette) (AOR: 3.4; 95%CI= 1.3, 8.9) and those who smoke ≥ 20 pack-year (AOR: 15.8; 95% CI= 5.9, 42.4).Conclusions: The observed strong dose-response association between opium consumption, cigarette smoking and bladder cancer highlights the need for extension of harm reduction programs especially in regions with high burden of disease.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89818_7b997c7c2aeb2d6f2309cc31967714ce.pdf
2021-10-01
3385
3391
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3385
Opioid
Cigarette smoking
Bladder neoplasm
Iran
Kerman
Zahra
Abdolahinia
zahra.a211374@gmail.com
1
HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating center for HIV surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Hamid
Pakmanesh
h_pakmanesh@yahoo.com
2
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Moghaddameh
Mirzaee
moghadameh_mirzai@yahoo.com
3
Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Azam
Bazrafshan
bazrafshan.a.83@gmail.com
4
Kerman Population-based Cancer Registry (KPBCR), Deputy of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Shafiei Bafti
kmushafiei@yahoo.com
5
Department of Communicable Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Armita
Shahesmaeili
a.shahesmaeili@gmail.com
6
HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating center for HIV surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Activities of Synthesized 3,4,5 Tri-Methoxy Ciprofloxacin Chalcone Hybrid, through p53 Up-Regulation in HepG2 and MCF7 Cell Lines
Background: Cancer is a significant health problem around the world and one of the leading causes of human death. The need for novel, selective and non-toxic anti-cancer agents is still urging. Aim of the work: to investigate the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of the synthesized ciprofloxacin 3,4,5 tri-methoxy chalcone hybrid (CCH) on the HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma and MCF7 breast carcinoma cell lines. Materials and Methods: HepG2 and MCF7cell lines were treated with CCH. Cell viability and cell cycle analysis were performed. Protein and mRNA expression levels of P53, COX-2 and TNF-α were analyzed by western blotting and RT-PCR respectively. Results: CCH caused concentration and time-dependent reduction in the viability of human HepG2 and MCF7 cells, pre-G1 apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M stage, significantly higher P53 and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression levels but significantly lower COX2 mRNA and protein expression levels. Conclusion: CCH showed obvious anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities in both cell lines.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89819_8835738205ecaaad36eebfa826a17779.pdf
2021-10-01
3393
3404
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3393
Ciprofloxacin
Apoptosis
p53
COX-2
Marwa
Eisa
marwaeissa44@hotmail.com
1
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Moustafa
Fathy
moustafa_fathyy@yahoo.com
2
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Gamal
Abuo-Rahma
gamalaburahma@yahoo.com
3
Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Abdel-Aziz
abulnil@hotmail.com
4
Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Maiiada
Nazmy
mnazmy@yahoo.com
5
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Trends of Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Kazakhstan
Background and objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most widespread human malignancies. The aim of this study was to study trends of the incidence of CRC in Kazakhstan. Materials and Method: This retrospective study was done using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. Results: During the study period from 2009 to 2018, 28,950 new cases of CRC were recorded, 13,779 (47.6%) cases were allocated to men and 15,171 (52.4%) to women. It was found that the incidence rate of CRC increased from 14.79 (2009) to 17.72 in 2018 and the overall growth was 2.93 cases per 100,000. This increase was due to the age structure – ∑ΔA=+1.42, the risk of acquiring illness – ∑ΔR=+1.31, and their combined effect – ∑ΔRA=+0.20. The component analysis results revealed that the increase in the number of patients with CRC was mainly due to the growth of the population (ΔP=+37.7%), changes in age structure (ΔA=+26.6%), and changes associated with the risk of acquiring illness (ΔR=+24.6%). The number of patients (both sexes) was increasing in many regions largely due to the influence of the age structure of the population. In addition, it was found that growth in the number of patients in most regions, both men and women, was associated primarily with the risk of acquiring illness. Conclusion: The findings of the current study showed increasing trends in the incidence of CRC in all regions of the country. These changes were mainly influenced by demographic factors (population size and age structure), risk of acquiring the disease, and their combined effect.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89821_f7819e3242f5ff31d8b8b1079ff48208.pdf
2021-10-01
3405
3414
10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3405
colorectal cancer
Incidence
Trends
Component analysis
Kazakhstan
Dana
Mauyenova
d.mauyenova@gmail.com
1
Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Yerkezhan
Zhadykova
yerkezhan.zhadykova@gmail.com
2
Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Arman
Khozhayev
akhozhayev@mail.ru
3
Department of Oncology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Dulat
Turebayev
tdk_1410@mail.ru
4
Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Dariyana
Kulmirzayeva
dariyana.kulmirzayeva@gmail.com
5
Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Saltanat
Urazova
saltanat.uraz@mail.ru
6
Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Gaukhar
Nurtazinova
diamant_29.03@mail.ru
7
Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Yerlan
Kuandykov
gipokrat78@mail.ru
8
Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Akmaral
Amanshayeva
a_amanshina@mail.ru
9
Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Sauirbay
Sakhanov
sakhanov.s.b@gmail.com
10
Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Zhanar
Bukeyeva
zbukeyeva@gmail.com
11
Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Vladimir
Openko
v_openko@mail.ru
12
Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Serikbay
Orazbayev
orazbaev_s.t@mail.ru
13
Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Saken
Kozhakhmetov
uanas_ko@mail.ru
14
Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Zarina
Bilyalova
z.bilyalova@gmail.com
15
Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Gulnur
Igissinova
gulnurs@list.ru
16
Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
AUTHOR
Alireza
Jarrahi
rmosavi@yahoo.com
17
Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Nurbek
Igissinov
n.igissinov@gmail.com
18
Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
LEAD_AUTHOR