ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Postponement of the 2001 APOCP Conference - Apologies and Overcoming a Setback - Making the APJCP Available to Libraries of Medical Universities and Research Institutes across the Region
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24066_b330a5752f8600999d02fc8b880ae48f.pdf
2001-03-01
157
158
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai (Madras)
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24067_673f24aaad2dac0026966313063fc232.pdf
2001-03-01
159
162
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Joint Conference: 8th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Cancer Prevention, and the 24th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Cancer Epidemiology
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24068_41e6ab4c0ae7ba1cd36e88850c104dde.pdf
2001-03-01
163
164
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemoprevention of Colon Carcinogenesis by Dietary Non-nutritive Compounds
In addition to mutagens and/or carcinogens a number of modulators of carcinogenesis are present in ourenvironment. Some of them are contained in our regular foods and therefore dietary factors play a role in thedevelopment of some types of cancers including colon cancer. Epidemiological studies have suggested that a diet richin fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risk for a number of common cancers. There are still manyunknown constituents and/or factors in foods that could either enhance or reduce the possibility of developing cancer.Animal studies of experimental chemical carcinogenesis have indicated that several non-nutritive components infoods, belonging to different chemical groups, protect against certain types of cancers including colonic neoplasms.These chemicals are known as “chemopreventive agents”. Many of them are antioxidants and might suppresscarcinogenesis through: (I) inhibiting Phase I enzymes; (ii) induction of Phase II enzymes; (iii) scavenging DNAreactive agents; (iv) suppression of hyper-cell proliferation induced by carcinogens; and/or (v) inhibition of certainproperties of neoplastic cells. With the continuing increase in the incidence of colon cancer, there is an ever increasingneed to determine the most effective means for prevention and to understand the underlying mechanism(s). Previousstudies in our laboratory demonstrated protective effects of several naturally occurring products against rat colontumorigenesis. This article will introduce our recent studies in our search for chemopreventive effects of flavonoids(diosmin and hesperidin) and other phytochemicals in edible plants on rat colon carcinogenesis.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24069_41cb65fb5a2e071cf421a4730207901d.pdf
2001-03-01
165
177
colon carcinogenesis
Chemoprevention
non-nutritives
Flavonoids
Diet
Rats
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Independent Survey to Assess Completeness of Registration: Population Based Cancer Registry, Chennai, India
Cancer registration in the population based cancer registry (PBCR), Chennai, India, is carried out by activemethods. It undertakes re-screening of cases in government hospitals and Cancer Institute (WIA), trace back deathcertificate notifications and collect information on all the deaths, irrespective of the stated cause on the deathcertificate, occurring in the registry area routinely to reduce the under-registration of incident cancer cases andassociated mortality. The completeness of registration during 1982-95 was assessed by conducting an independentsurvey in randomly selected areas in Chennai. The total number of households covered in the survey was 7737 andwere collected which constituted 1% of the Chennai city population. The response rate to the survey was 96%. Atotal of 42,502 incident cancer cases were registered in Chennai PBCR during 1982-95. The total number of cancercases that were already registered in PBCR from the survey area during 1982-95 was 208. Out of 208 cases, 91 (44%)were identified in the survey; the families of the remaining 117 had migrated out of the surveyed area. Two newcancer cases hitherto unregistered in the PBCR during 1982-95 were identified from the survey. Based on the survey,it is estimated that the completeness of cancer registration in Chennai PBCR is 96%, which is comparable to those ofother registries in the world.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24070_576b73f5832177d8ebc702df5b62b0d1.pdf
2001-03-01
179
183
Population based cancer registry
completeness of cancer registration
Data quality
survey of general
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Large-scale Follow-up Study of Smokers Visiting Medical Facilities in Japan
In order to determine smoking cessation rates among those who visit medical facilities in Japan, a large-scalefollow-up study was conducted. Subjects were self-reported smokers who visited a cancer hospital, a general hospital,or one of four health checkup facilities in 1997-98. Their smoking habits were followed by two postal surveys. Thefirst was two months after the visit to hospital or attendance at a health checkup screening, and the second was afterone year. In total, 3,552 smokers participated in the present study; 1,131 first visit outpatients at a cancer hospital,214 first visit outpatients at a general hospital, and 2,207 examinees at four health checkup facilities. The responserate for the first follow-up varied from 57.3% to 80.2% of the eligible participants in the six facilities, and that forthe second from 50.0 to 67.1%. When non-respondents were classified as non-quitters, the cessation rate two monthsafter their participation was 11.7% (95% confidence interval, 7.4-16.0%) for the general hospital and 2.7% (2.1-3.5%) for the four health checkup facilities, and those after one year were 9.8% (6.2-14.6%) and 6.0% (5.1-7.1%),respectively. In the cancer hospital, the rate for self-reported cancer patients was 74.6% (68.5-80.0%) after twomonths and 51.3% (44.7-57.9%) one year later. The smoking cessation rate was thus smaller in the health checkupexaminees than in the patients. Outpatients seemed to be more amenable to smoking cessation, and therefore mayconstitute a more appropriate target for cessation programs.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24071_e658d3d1539870e36904402551937f84.pdf
2001-03-01
185
191
follow-up
smokers
health check-up
cessation rate
medical facility type
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Differences in Cancer Risks in the South and North of Viet Nam
Background: As there are few available data regarding cancers in Viet Nam, the aim of the present study was toevaluate cancer risk ratios and geographical differences in cancer incidences between the south and north populationsin the 1990s.Methods: Data for cancer incidences in Ho Chi Minh (HCM) and Hanoi were derived from published reports.The method for comparison of cancer incidence in two groups used in the present study was the Mantel-Haenszeltest.Results: In HCM, all cancers were observed to be lower in males , (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.83-0.91) but higher infemales, (RR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01-1.12) than in Hanoi. For males, significantly higher incidences in HCM wereobserved for cancers of the oesophagus (RR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.19-2.32), liver (RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.09-1.36), gallbladder (RR = 5.95, 95% CI = 2.49-14.23), and larynx (RR = 3.54, 95% CI = 2.26-5.55). In contrast, there were muchlower incidences in HCM for cancers of the nasopharynx (RR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.41-0.61), stomach (RR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.67-0.86), and lung (RR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.64-0.78). For females, breast cancer incidence was much lower (RR= 0.65, 95% CI = 0.57-0.73) but that of cervical cancer was significantly higher in HCM than in Hanoi, (RR = 3.94,95% CI = 3.36-4.62), especially for the age group 55-64, (RR = 8.7, 95% CI = 5.9-13.3).Conclusion: The present findings show that cancer risk is quite different in the south and north populationswithin Viet Nam.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24072_140f3b4e4351589155a9a2ea560bda11.pdf
2001-03-01
193
198
Viet Nam
cancer incidences
risk ratio
risk factors of cancers
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Liver Cancer in Viet Nam: Risk Estimates of Viral Infections and Dioxin Exposure in the South and North Populations
Risk factors forPLC due to viral infections and exposure to herbicides have not been available in south Viet Nam.The aim of this study was to clarify geographical differences in cancer incidence of PLC and its risk factors such asHBV and HCV infections and dioxin exposure between Ho Chi Minh (south) and Hanoi (north). Data for cancerincidence of PLC in Ho Chi Minh (1995-96) and Hanoi (1991-93) were used to calculate rate ratios for the twopopulations. Published reports on the association between HBV, HCV infections, dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) exposedand HCC in Viet Nam were reviewed. Cancer incidence of PLC was found to be higher in HCM than in Hanoi formales (RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.09-1.36) and in females (RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.98-1.49). Risk factors for PLC due toviral infections were seen to be lower in HCM than in Hanoi for patients with HBV infection, (OR = 37.8, 95% CI =11.6-121.4 VS. OR = 61.7, 95% CI = 30.0-128.0) and also for patients with HCV infection and HBsAg (-), (OR = 6.8,95% CI = 2.1-22.1 VS. OR = 38.1, 95% CI = 2.8-1443.0). The risk of PLC due to exposure to herbicides was significantlyincreased for persons who suffered exposure for 10 years or more , OR = 8.8, 95% CI = 1.9-41 independent of HBVinfection. Dioxin levels (2,3,7,8-TCDD) in blood samples from people living in the south were more than 2 timeshigher than in the north (32.6 VS. 15.7 ppt.). Based on the present findings, it is suggested that high incidence of livercancer in HCM could partly be explained by herbicide exposure.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24073_2b0fef98fc3e0f4452eb9f181c0d99ed.pdf
2001-03-01
199
202
Viet Nam
Liver cancer
viral infections
exposure to dioxin
risk factors
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Parity and Illiteracy as Risk Factors of Cervical Cancers in Viet
The aim of the present study was to examine the risk of cervical cancers with reference to multiparity and illiteracyin Ho Chi Minh City where this neoplasm is a very serious problem but no reports have documented its risk factors.The 5,034 cervical cancer cases treated from 1989-94 in the Central Oncology Clinic of Ho Chi Minh City werederived from published sources. The observed number of children born and the education level among cervicalcancer cases were compared with those in the reference group , the general population based on the results of thenational census in 1989 and the inter-census in 1994. Among cervical cancer patients, the number of children bornwas in a wide range from 1-20 children with the mean number being 6.6 children per patient. Most of the patientsfinished primary or some primary school (54.9%), followed by the illiteracy group (30.0%). Multiparity was foundto increase the risk of cervical cancer (RR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.30-1.32). Illiteracy was also found to be associated withan elevated risk (RR = 3.43, 95 % CI = 2.85-4.14). The significant increase in risk of cervical cancers linked to tomulti parity and illiteracy is a very important finding in the south of Viet Nam, where cancer is a very seriousproblem and there is a lack of information on which to base primary and secondary prevention.efforts.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24074_dc8688b760ded4ef307c042bc6975e3a.pdf
2001-03-01
203
206
Viet Nam
cervical cancers
risk factors
less developed countries
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effects of the Hepatitis B Virus and Occupational and Lifestyle Factors on Liver Function Among Workers in Shanghai
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24075_e3ab6da585716d75c05135930ea47f8b.pdf
2001-03-01
207
213
Hepatitis B Virus
Aspartate Aminotransferase
alcohol drinking
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
China
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Study of Various Sociodemographic Factors and Plasma Vitamin Levels in Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer in Gujarat, India
Present study examined various socio-demographic factors, dietary patterns, habit of tobacco consumption andplasma vitamin levels in 56 healthy individuals, 146 patients with oral precancerous conditions (OPC) and 132untreated oral and pharyngeal cancer patients. The subjects were interviewed with a detailed health, habit and dietquestionnaire. Plasma β-carotene, vitamin-A and vitamin-E levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Anincreased incidence of OPC was observed in the age group of <30 years which was associated with tobacco chewing.Whereas, incidence of cancer was in the age group of 30-60 years where habit of tobacco smoking was more prevalent.Majorities of the subjects were from rural area, poor, unaware about association of diet with cancer. The body massindex was lower (p=0.045) in patients with OPC and cancer patients as compared to the controls. Plasma β-caroteneand vitamin-E levels were lower in patients with OPC (p=0.000 and 0.031, respectively) and untreated cancer patients(p=0.000 and 0.071, respectively) than the controls. ROC curve revealed that plasma vitamin levels have ability todiscriminate between controls and cancer patients. Lower plasma β-carotene and vitamin-E levels were observed intobacco consumers as compared to non-consumers. Odds ratio revealed that controls and patients with OPC havingtobacco habit and lower plasma levels of β-carotene were at a higher risk (p<0.05) of developing cancer. Regressionstudy and Analysis of Variance revealed that plasma β-carotene levels were inversely associated (r2=0.14, p=0.001and F=0.000, respectively) with increase in the stage of cancer. The data provide interesting clues of potential role ofdiet, tobacco habits, socio-demographic status and plasma vitamin levels in etiology of oral and pharyngeal cancerin Gujarat, where no such findings are reported.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24076_9aa62e3c02c1c31171d753c645d32096.pdf
2001-03-01
215
224
dietary factors
oral and pharyngeal cancer
plasma vitamins
oral precancerous conditions
sociodemographic factors
tobacco habits
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Assessment of Improvement in Reliability and Completeness of Mumbai Cancer Registry Data from 1964-1997
The Mumbai Cancer Registry was established in 1964 with the aim of obtaining reliable morbidity and mortalitydata from precisely defined urban population. It was first and only such registry for merely two decades functioningin the country. Up to now more than 200,000 cancer cases are registered and with over 100,000 cancer deaths arerecorded in data files.For studying improvements in the Mumbai Cancer Registry data, the data published in consecutive seven volumes(Vol.-II to Vol.-VIII) of “Cancer Incidence of Five Continents published by International Agency on Research onCancer”, Lyon, France have been used. For studying completeness of the data, the indicators ‘Proportion of Deathsin Period’; ’Proportion of Death Certificates only’ and stability of age incidence rates have been utilized. Theindicators ‘Proportion of cases registered on histological verification’, ’The proportion of cases where age is notknown’, ‘The flattening of age incidence curve’ and ‘Proportion of other and unspecified neoplasms can throw somelight on the quality of data collected by the registry.There has been notable improvement in percentages of histological verification cases and substantial decrease inthe proportion of death certificate alone cases in both the sexes over a period of time. Mortality Incidence ratioremained stable over a period of time in both the sexes. The proportion of cases where age is not known neverexceeded 0.020% in either sex, for any site, for any period. The proportion of cases registered as other and unspecifiedsites, initially was around 8 to 9% then it has been dropped down to 5%. The crude incidence rates for all sitestogether are stable throughout the period of observation in both the sexes while age adjusted incidence rates showdeclining trend in both the sexes. There is no change in the pattern of age-specific incidence curves over a period oftime in both the sexes.On examining various indices of reliability and completeness of Mumbai cancer registry data it can be concludedthat, the data collected by this registry is quiet complete and reliable. While applying various checks for validity fora period from 1964-66 to 1993-97, it indicates that there is quiet improvement in almost all indices over a period oftime in Mumbai cancer registry data.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24077_f119d3fba9794e73a54e36ece4fd73b5.pdf
2001-03-01
225
232
Cancer registration
histological verification
death certificates cases only
mortality-incidence ratio- cruderate
age-adjusted rate
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of Prevention of Colorectal Cancer through Lifestyle Modification: An Introduction to the Protocol
Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that lack of exercise and a high fat diet increase the risk ofcolorectal cancer. We planned a clinical trial to test these propositions, using subjects with multiple colorectaladenomas and/or carcinomas. Enrolment in this study was conducted in two stages. First, patients were invited toparticipate in the dietary modification part of the study. Those agreeing to participate were given dietary advice,and 3 months later all subjects to whom the exercise exclusion criteria do not apply were invited to participate in theexercise part of the study. The subjects were randomized to two groups.A total of two hundred and eleven patients meeting the entry criteria have been invited to join the trial, of whom165 (78%) consented to participate in the dietary modification part of the study. After excluding those unsuitableaccording to the exclusion criteria for the exercise regimen, the remaining 124 subjects were further invited toparticipate in the exercise regimen part of the study. One hundred and three (83%) subjects have given their consent.Obtaining informed consent in two stages and the free provision of lifestyle modification measures were factors thatcontributed to this favorable participation rate.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24078_e443d168d4cf9ced511981d081b4943e.pdf
2001-03-01
233
236
Cancer Prevention
lifestyle modification
colorectal cancer
randomized control study