West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Chemoprevention - How Feasible?
165
166
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24451.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24451_e462cbe072d68c17dfa263d9aa9311b7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
International Symposium- ‘Threshold of Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity' March 15-16, Kobe7th Japanese Cancer Molecular Epidemiology and 29th Japanese Cancer Epidemiology Resea
167
168
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24452.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24452_9eb7738b09f53365fa4465fa12225760.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Early History of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention in Japan
170
176
EN
Cancer epidemiological research has a long and distinguished history and as we continue our work in ever expanding new fields, molecular or otherwise, it is perhaps worthwhile to take time out occasionally to ponder what lessons we can learn from the past. Many of the paradigms which are presently accorded respect in fact were hinted at by very early work and it is fitting that we take a look at how previous developments knit with the present status of cancer research in different areas of the world. For this purpose the present review focuses on cancer epidemiology in Japan, in the hope of gleaning advantage from past experience in planning future programs.
General epidemiology,early descriptive studies of cancer in Japan,early analytical studies,risk factorsGeneral epidemiology,risk factors
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24453.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24453_d7a4f82e510ae6374fd5d7ce23eee99a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Roles and Causes of Abnormal DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancers
177
185
EN
Evidence now suggests that epigenetic abnormalities, particularly altered DNA methylation, play a crucial role in the development and progression of human gastrointestinal malignancies. Two distinct DNA methylation abnormalities are observed together in cancer. One is an overall genome-wide reduction in DNA methylation (global hypomethylation) and the other is regional hypermethylation within the CpG islands of specific gene promoters. Global hypomethylation is believed to induce proto-oncogene activation and chromosomal instability, whereas regional hypermethylation is strongly associated with transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes. To date, genes involved in regulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair, growth signaling, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, are all known to be inactivated by hypermethylation. Recently developed techniques for detecting changes in DNA methylation have dramatically enhanced our understanding of the patterns of methylation that occur as cancers progress. One of the key contributors to aberrant methylation is aging, but other patterns of methylation are cancer-specific and detected only in a subset of tumors exhibiting the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Although the cause of altered patterns of DNA methylation in cancer remains unknown, it is believed that epidemiological factors, notably dietary folate intake, might strongly influence DNA methylation patterns. Recent studies further suggest that polymorphisms of genes involved in folate metabolism are causally related to the development of cancer. Identifying epidemiological factors responsible for epigenetic changes should provide clues for cancer prevention in the future.
Gastrointestinal cancer,DNA Methylation,tumor suppressor,CIMP,aging,Inflammation,Folate,MTHFR,Polymorphism
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24454.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24454_ef1d4484236a1d48b7aa51ae0ec3ae7f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Cancer in Women in Kerala - a Transition from a Less-developed State
186
190
EN
An epidemiologic assessment of the problem of cancer in women in Kerala based on 3 Population Cancer Registry data and a Hospital Based data is presented. Kerala’s Socio-economic and demography presents an intermediate development from a less developed to a better-developed state. As yet, the women follow a tradition-based life style. Cancer incidence rate in Kerala was only 80% of urban rates than seen in Urban Metropolis in India. The pattern of site distribution has shown that GI, Breast & Cervix cancers are the predominant cancers. Oral cavity cancers also show a high frequency. Thyroid cancer has a higher incidence rate in Kerala compared to other areas. Lung cancer among women has higher incidence rate in Karunagappally women. A high prevalence of tobacco use is reported among the men in the above area. Breast cancer incidence rate in the rural areas was only 60% of the rate seen in Urban Trivandrum. Unlike in other rural and urban areas of India Cervix cancer has a low incidence rate in Kerala women. This may be due to better education and also due to the changes in marital and other life style practices. Only 15% of cancer patients attend for medical assistance in localized stage of disease. The need for public education is highlighted and focusing on tobacco use control, self-examination and screening.
Cancer in women –,Kerala
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24455.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24455_387ecdaa8d42ca1e2752fb3f68ddb78a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Cancer Occurrence in Old Age: Results of a Population-Based Cancer Registry in Semnan , Iran
191
194
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: The proportion of elderly persons has increased in most countries during the last few decades, and will increase further in the coming years. A population-based study was here carried out to clarify the site-specific cancer-incidence rates in old age in Iran. Aims and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A comprehensive search was undertaken to survey and register all new cancer cases during a 5-year (1998-2002) period among the indigenous population of Semnan Province aged 65 years or over. Diagnosis of cancer was based on histopathology, clinical or radiological findings, and death certificates. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 791 patients were registered with cancers. Of these, 492 (62.1%) were males. Crude rates were 1,310 and 962 per 100,000 persons per year for males and females respectively, and age-standardized ratios (ASRs) were 1350 and 973. Gastric cancer was the most common tumor with incidence rates of 340 and 153 per 100,000 persons per year for elderly males and females respectively. In women breast cancer was the second most common cancer (ASR= 108). In men prostate cancer was the second most common cancer with ASR= 150. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Based on the present standardized rates, cancer is almost 9 times and 7 times more frequent among the elderly compared with younger men and women (30-64). The highest incidence of cancers was in group 75-79 years in both sex and then decrease was noted with increasing age.
Cancer Incidence,Semnan province,Iran,Elderly People
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24048.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24048_c239a341e586372941ee0356426db281.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Epidemiological Review of Head and Neck Cancers in Karachi
195
200
EN
Head and neck cancers, categories lip, oral cavity, pharynx and larynx are placed amongst the top ten malignancies globally. The cancers have a similar epidemiology, risk factors, morphology, and control measures. The geographical variations in incidence are indicative of the global differences in the prevalence of risk factors. The present study was conducted with the objective of reviewing descriptive epidemiological characteristics, incidence and time trends of head and neck cancers in Karachi (1995-2002). Head and neck cancers accounted for approximately one-fifth (21%) of the cancers in males and about one-tenth (11%) in females in the study period. The age standardized incidence rate (ASR) was 37.1/100,000 in males and 21.7/100,000 in females. In males, oral cavity and larynx were the commonly affected sites, followed by pharynx. In females, oral cavity was the preponderant site. The mean age of the patients was 53.0 years (95% CI 48.0; 58.0). A rising incidence was observed in both genders, more apparent in males. About 30% of oral cancer cases, 28.6% of the nasopharyngeal, 6.3% of the oropharyngeal, and 2.6% of laryngeal cancers occurred in patients 40 years and younger. The age specific incidence rates (ASIR) for oral cancer in males showed a gradual rise from 10 to 64+ years of age, for pharynx from 20 to 64+ and for larynx at 25+. The ASIR for oral cancer in females showed a gradual rise from 14 to 64+ years of age, for pharynx from 20 to 64+, a decade after the oral cancer rise and cancer larynx showed a rise at 25+, a decade and a half after the oral cancer rise. The peak incidence was at 64-69 years for all three cancer sites, in both genders. Pakistan falls into a high risk head and neck cancer geographical zone Presentation is late and treatment is not optimum. Recommendations, therefore for NCCP Pakistan, for short term benefits are selected community-based screening for the high risk population, early diagnosis, better treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care. These measures will improve survival and also contribute to a better quality of life. Primary prevention remains the only strategy for absolute cancer control.
head and neck cancer,Pakistan,cancer control program
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24049.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24049_5fceb26075a16d095e3deaa04924c037.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Tea-induced Apoptosis in Human Leukemia K562 Cells as Assessed by Comet Formation
201
207
EN
Programmed cell death or apoptosis is a physiological process by which genetically damaged cells or undesired cells can be eliminated. Various morphological and molecular changes undergoing during the process of apoptosis are the formation of apoptotic blebs of the cell membrane, cell shrinkage, condensation of chromatin and the disruption of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into typical fragments of multiples of 180 base pairs. These changes can be detected in a number of ways. DNA ladder formation, which is observed following gel electrophoresis technique although is widely accepted but does not reflect the DNA breakdown in individual cell and also may miss contributions from small sub-populations in a heterogeneous cell population. Alkaline comet assay as measured by single cell gel electrophoresis, on the other hand, accurately measures DNA fragmentation on a single cell level and allows analysis of subpopulation of cells. The assay was originally developed for measuring DNA damage of cells exposed to any genotoxic agent. However, the comet image generated by an apoptotic cell is different from that obtained with a cell treated for a short time with a genotoxic agent. Correlation of comet formation with various other established parameters of apoptosis is very important. The present study aims to correlate different features of apoptosis with the formation of comet tail in human leukemia K-562 cells using tea extracts. Apoptosis as measured by formation of apoptotic bodies, flow cytometric analysis, activation of caspase 3 and 8, and expressions of apoptosis related genes such as bcl-2 and bax showed high degree of correlation with comet tail moment. This indicates that comet assay can accurately reflect measure of DNA fragmentation and hence can be used to detect a cell undergoing apoptosis.
Human leukemia cell K-562,comet formation,tea extracts,caspase,bax bcl-2 ratio
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24050.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24050_2b5f191341a18c622b10bc87a536dad6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Screening of Indigenous Plants from Japan for Modulating Effects on Transformation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
208
220
EN
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor with which halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as dioxins and benzo[a]pyrene interact as ligands. Since such compounds cause various toxicological effects, including cancer, through the transformation of AhR, it is important to determine influence of modulating factors. It has been reported that certain plant components such as flavonoids and indoles can affect AhR transformation. In this study, to obtain clues to novel ligands of AhR, 191 species of indigenous plants were collected in Japan, and their 50% methanolic extracts (total 368 plant parts) were tested for modulating effects on AhR transformation in a cell-free system using a rat hepatic cytosolic fraction. Among tested extracts at a concentration of 1 mg dry weight of plant/mL, 174 of 368 extracts suppressed 1 nM 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin (TCDD)-induced AhR transformation to 50% or less, while 9 extracts per se induced AhR transformation equivalent to more than 20% of that induced by 1 nM TCDD. Mallotus japonicus (Thunb.) Muell. (leaf) and Trichosanthes rostrata Kitamura (fruit and fruit skin) strongly suppressed 1 nM TCDD-induced AhR transformation, while Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht (seed) per se strongly induced AhR transformation. These results suggest that a large variety of plants in Japan contain various compounds modulating, mainly suppressing, AhR transformation.
AhR transformation,TCDD,Mallotus japonicus (Thunb.) Muell,Trichosanthes rostrata Kitamura,Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24456.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24456_868768ce50ebb40f4c488108d08add53.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Survival Rates of Invasive Breast Cancer among Ethnic Chinese Women Born in East Asia and the United States
221
226
EN
<b>Background:</b> Few studies have compared the breast cancer survival rates of US born ethnic Chinese women and the survival rates of Chinese immigrants. The main purpose of this study is to explore the difference of breast cancer survival rates between the two populations and compare the survival rates to those of Caucasians born in the US. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Between 1973 and 2002, 365,215 women who had been diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer (ICD-O-2 C500:C509) were recorded in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries. Of the 316,881 breast cancer patients who were white, 180,835 (57%) were born in the United States, 20,983 (7%) were born elsewhere, and 115,063 (36%) had unknown birthplaces. Among the 3,634 breast cancer patients who were ethnically Chinese, 952 (26%) patients were born in the US, 1,356 (37%) were born in East Asia, 146 (4%) were born elsewhere, and 1,180 (33%) had unknown birthplaces. We compared the survival rates and estimated the risk ratios (RRs) by the Kaplan-Meier estimates and the Cox proportional hazards models. <br/><b>Results</b>: A lower 5-year overall survival rate of breast cancer was observed among Chinese women born in East Asia (0.74, 95% CI=0.72-0.77) than those born in the U.S. (0.79, 95% CI=0.76-0.81), with an adjusted hazards ratio of 1.22 (95% CI=1.06-1.40). The 5- year survival rates for SEER stage were higher among Chinese women born in the U.S. (localized: 0.90, 95% CI=0.87- 0.93; regional: 0.71, 95% CI=66-0.77; distant: 0.16, 95% CI=0.06-0.25) than that among Chinese women born in East Asia (localized: 0.86, 95% CI=0.83-0.89; regional: 0.68, 95% CI=0.63-0.73; distant: 0.16, 95% CI=0.07-0.25). Higher 5-year survival rates among Chinese women born in the U.S. in comparison to Chinese women born in East Asia were also observed in different calendar years (1973-1980, 1981-1990, 1991-2002), in surgery and radiation therapy. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our analysis showed that among the Chinese breast cancer patients, women born in East Asia had lower 5-year survival rates than women born in the United States. SEER stage, grade, and tumor size appear to be important prognostic factors. The poor 5-year survival rates among Chinese women born in East Asia indicate potential problems of accessing medical facilities for early detection, diagnosis and treatment because of potential language and culture barriers, lower education level, as well as stress of the first generation of migrant Chinese women in the United States.
breast cancer,Chinese populations,survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24457.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24457_d5d9d3834c5c07e1562675a5b426d0ba.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Myeloid Leukaemia Treatment and Survival - the South Australian Experience, 1977 to 2002
227
233
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To evaluate trends in survival and treatment for myeloid leukaemia in South Australia during 1977-2002, using population-based survival data plus data on survival and treatment of patients at three teaching hospitals.<br/><b>Methods</b>: Population data were analysed using relative survival methods and hospital registry data using diseasespecificsurvival. Univariate and multivariable analyses were undertaken. Multiple logistic regression analysis wasused to investigate factors associated with first-line chemotherapy. <br/><b>Results</b>: South Australia recorded 1,572 newcases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in 1977-2002, together with 536 cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML).Of these cases, 42.6% were recorded in teaching hospital registries. The five-year survival for AML at the teachinghospitals of 14.5% was similar to the corresponding 12.0% for South Australia as a whole. The five-year survival forCML at these hospitals was higher, however, at 48.1% compared with 37.5% for all South Australian cases. Youngerpatients had higher survivals, both for AML and CML. An increase in survival was evident for more recently diagnosedcases for both leukaemia types, after adjusting for age. This increase in survival was accompanied by an increaseover time in the proportion of patients at teaching hospitals having a primary course of chemotherapy. Cytarabinein combination with other agents was the most common induction therapy for AML. While hydroxyurea was themost common first-line treatment of CML, there were changes in clinical policies towards higher-dose treatments,plus trials of new agents and combination therapies. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Secular gains in survival have occurred fromAML and CML in association with an increased use of chemotherapy.
Myeloid leukaemia,survival,treatment,secular trends
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24458.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24458_9d9638766d2c2b06676afa3b4c114c46.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Clinicopathologic Analysis of Women with Synchronous Primary Carcinomas of the Endometrium and Ovary: 10- Year Experience from Chiang Mai University Hospital
234
238
EN
The aim of this study was to analyze the clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes of women withsynchronous primary carcinomas of the endometrium and ovary that were treated at Chiang Mai University Hospitalbetween January 1995 and December 2004. During the study period, 43 women with such tumors were identified.These carcinomas accounted for 0.58% (95%CI=0.42-0.79%) of all gynecologic malignancies. Median age at diagnosiswas 49 years (range: 34-60 years). Median body mass index (BMI) was 21.6 kg/m2(range: 15.5-27.7 kg/m2). Themajority of women (65%) were premenopausal. The most common presenting symptom was abnormal uterine bleeding(42%), followed by a pelvic mass (30%). Twenty-seven (62.8%, 95%CI= 46.7-77.0%) women had concordantendometrioid carcinomas of the endometrium and ovary. Five (11.6%) women experienced tumor recurrence withmedian follow up 39 months (range: 1-85 months). The overall 5-year survival was 85.2%. There was no significantdifference in survival outcomes among the women who had endometrioid/endometrioid histology and those who hadother histological subtypes (P=0.674). In conclusion, synchronous primary carcinomas of the endometrium andovary, although uncommon, should be considered in differential diagnosis in premenopausal women presenting withabnormal uterine bleeding and ovarian tumors. The prognosis of patients with these tumors appears excellent.
Synchronous tumors,endometrial carcinoma,ovarian carcinoma,clinicopathologic characteristics
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24459.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24459_c9c7b9e7ce0ddd1c65ce71d1e4c06c6f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Cancer Incidence Trends in Thailand , 1989-2000
239
244
EN
Through 2004, five cancer registries in Thailand have collected data for more than ten years. Three-year cancerincidence in Thailand covering the years 1989-1997 has been regularly reported in three volumes of ‘Cancer inThailand’. Since the data for the last decade of the 20th century have been collected, the trends in incidence of somecancer sites were analyzed. Data sources were registry data from Chiang Mai, Lampang, Khon Kaen, Bangkok, andSongkhla, which are representative of the four major geographic regions of Thailand. The data drawn in 2002covered the years 1989 to 1997 for Bangkok, the other four registries drew data from 1989 to 2000. The populationdenominators were estimated from the two censuses in 1990 and 2000. Only cancers of the liver, lung, colon-rectum,female breast, uterine cervix, and all cancer sites were analyzed since cancers of these sites may have major publichealth impacts. Age-specific incidence rates of different 5-year age groups were projected through the period 2007-2009 using a linear regression model if the rates were increasing, and a log-linear model to prevent prediction of anegative rate if the rates were decreasing. During the past decade, colorectal and breast cancers showed a statisticalsignificant increasing trend, while the trend was generally stable for cancer of other sites. The number of new cancercases of all sites is expected to be approximately 125,000 by the year 2008, compared with 81,000 in 1999. However,the accuracy of projections depends very much on the quality of the cancer registries’ data. The Bangkok registrysignificantly improved case ascertainment in recent years, while the Chiang Mai registry had a consistent drop inincidence of cancer at many sites. In-depth investigation of some cancer sites and age period cohort modeling arerequired for better understanding of cancer trends in Thailand.
Cancer registry data,time trends,Thailand
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24460.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24460_d64f0dae93194aa957d9b844d35745ca.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Characteristics of Lung Cancer Patients-the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Experience
245
248
EN
<br/><b>Objectives</b>: The aims of this descriptive study were to characterize lung cancer patients by age at diagnosis,smoking status, and histology and, also to explore the histologic sub-type according to cigarette smoking, in a tertiarycare setting. Patients and methods: A retrospective review of 830 patients for whom smoking status was available inthe records was carried out at a comprehensive cancer care facility, the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospitaland Research Center, situated in Lahore, Pakistan. <br/><b>Results</b>: The mean age at presentation of the 830 evaluable caseswas 59.8 years (standard deviation 11.8, range 18-90). Stratifying by gender, statistically significant differences werefound in the average age at diagnosis between males (60.1 years) and females (57.5 years) and, in the distributions ofnon-smokers, current smokers, and ex-smokers, but none for histology. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Similar to other populations,the age of disease onset amongst females was lower than that seen in males. The proportion of smokers was higheramongst males versus females. The reversal of smoker to non-smoker ratio when stratified by gender, may highlightthe importance of exploring alternate pathways implicated in the etiology of lung cancer in our population.
Lung cancer,smoking status,histopathological diagnosis,Pakistan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24461.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24461_b3ac703da098d26289c8221150fa40e7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Evaluation of Apoptosis-Induction by Newly Synthesized Phthalazine Derivatives in Breast Cancer Cell Lines
249
252
EN
Newly synthesized phthalazine derivatives including copper and platinum complexes were evaluated forcytotoxicity in human breast cancer cell lines. The cells were incubated with the compounds (100 μM) for 72 h andcytotoxicity, apoptosis and DNA content were measured by flow cytometery. Our results suggest that the parent (H1-2), copper (C1-2)- and platinum (P1-2)-derivatized compounds were relatively more active in inducing apoptosisand cell killing in both human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 cells being the more sensitive. Other compoundsshowed weak or no response towards these parameters except H-5 causing 40% apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells.Addition of copper or platinum in the structures generally reduced the apoptotic potential. Possible roles for structure activity relationships are discussed.
Phthalazine,platinum compounds,human breast carcinoma cells,MCF-7,MDA-MB-231
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24462.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24462_0f611ed4e6b7c50d116d393e71cc1fae.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Site-specific Cancer Risk Due to Diabetes Mellitus History: Evidence from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study
253
259
EN
The study examined the association of diabetes mellitus (DM) history with total and common site-specific cancersusing a large cohort of 23,378 men and 33,503 women, extracted from 127,477 healthy participants of the JACCStudy who were aged 40-79 years and living in 24 municipalities in Japan. At enrolment during 1988-90, eachsubject completed a self-administered questionnaire including items for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking,drinking, past history of DM and cancer. Adjusting for age, BMI, smoking, and drinking in the Cox’s proportionalhazard model, incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were estimated for both sexes.During the follow-up period, total cancers and site-specific cancers were identified. A history of DM was reported by7.5% of men and 4.6% of women. DM significantly increased the risk of liver cancer for both men (IRR=2.30;95%CI=1.47-3.59) and women (IRR=2.70; 95%CI=1.20-6.05). Significant increased and reduced risk due to DM formen were also found for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (IRR=2.77; 95%CI=1.04-7.38) and stomach cancer (IRR=0.67;95%CI=0.46-0.99) respectively. For females, a reduced risk of stomach cancer due to DM (IRR=0.49; 95%CI=0.23-1.04) was also revealed. Since a history of DM here demonstrated significant associations with some site-specificcancers, their relationships should be studied further in Japan for validation.
Diabetes Mellitus,Liver cancer,stomach cancer,cohort study,Japan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24463.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24463_3b8ccc9d1ee91d48b8115eb6754305ce.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Risk of Endometrial Cancer Mortality by Ever-use of Sex Hormones and Other Factors in Japan
260
266
EN
<br/><b>Objectives</b>: To examine associations of ever-use of sex hormones (EUSH) and other factors with endometrialcancer (EC) mortality through a nation-wide Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 63,541 womenaged 40-79 years, enrolled in 1988-90 from 45 municipalities of Japan, were followed until 2003 to record their vitalstatus. Using baseline data, the Cox proportional hazard model (age adjusted and multivariate) was used to estimatethe hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for EC mortality by selected factors, including EUSH.Bivariate analysis was also conducted to establish associations between EUSH and other factors. <br/><b>Results</b>: The mortalityrate from EC was 2.6 per 100,000 person-years during the mean follow-up period of 13.3 years. Prevalence rate ofEUSH was 5.2%. Significantly increased risk of EC mortality was found for EUSH with both age adjusted (HR=6.43,95%CI=2.10-19.67) and multivariate (HR=5.33; 95%CI=1.51-18.82) analyses. Bivariate analysis indicated that historyof diabetes mellitus, smoking, drinking, and age at first delivery were positively associated with EUSH, whereas age,number of delivery, number of pregnancy, and age at menarche demonstrated inverse links. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our resultsimply that EUSH may increase the risk of EC mortality among Japanese women. However, further studies withmore deaths are needed to validate the results.
Endometrial cancer mortality,cohort study,ever use of sex hormones,hormone replacement therapy,Japan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24464.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24464_c07e66a70ab830cbe78e9bf317488127.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Do Cross-Registry Comparisons of Black and White Americans Provide Support for N-Acetylation as an Important Determinant for Urinary Bladder and Other Tobacco-related Cancers?
267
273
EN
Tobacco smoking is an unequivocal risk factor for cancers of the larynx, lung, pancreas and urinary bladder.Whereas African-Americans demonstrate higher laryngeal, lung and pancreatic cancer rates than their Caucasian-American counterparts, they paradoxically have only approximately half of the urinary bladder incidences. Onepossible explanation is their N-acetyltransferase (NAT) status, since this enzyme is responsible for metabolism ofarylamines in smoke and blacks are reported to have a higher rate for rapid acetylation than whites. However, othertobacco-related cancers are also linked to slow acetylation so that African-Americans might therefore also be expectedto have lower incidences of other tobacco-related cancers. The present investigation was conducted with data fromCancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol VIII to assess whether there might be correlations between incidence ratesfor four major cancers across registries in the United States. Cluster analysis demonstrated clear separation of thewhite and black populations for all states, and significant correlations were observed between bladder and laryngealcancers, and also for lung and laryngeal cancers, for both Blacks and Whites. Striking similarities in the plots forurinary bladder incidence against all three of the other cancers suggests the existence of a factor specific to thebladder. A review of black-white ratios for cancer incidences in all major body sites in both sexes and the publishedliterature for NAT polymorphisms provided evidence that this might indeed be arylamine exposure, although otherfactors could also be involved.
Smoking-associated cancers,Larynx,Lung,pancreas,urinary bladder,ethnic variation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24465.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24465_fbf999d7fa6606b97914c973afdd76b2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Lack of Promoting Effects of Phenobarbital at Low Dose on Diethyl-nitrosamine-induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in TGF-a Transgenic Mice
274
278
EN
Phenobarbital (PB), a rodent non-genotoxic carcinogen, showed hormesis, biphasic effects on rat livercarcinogenesis. To test the hypothesis that the hormesis earlier observed for PB induced hepatocarcinogenesis mightalso exist in the TGF-α transgenic mice model, one which is highly susceptible to carcinogenesis, the carcinogenic orpromotion effects of a wide range of phenobarbital (PB) concentrations were investigated. Two weeks after a singlei.p. dose of 5 mg /kg bw of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to 15 day old mice, animals were treated with diet containingPB at doses of 0, 2, 15 or 500 ppm. The incidence and multiplicity of tumors, including hepatocellular adenomas andcarcinomas, were significantly increased by the high dose of PB, but no significant difference among the groupsreceiving 2 and 15 ppm for liver tumors when compared to DEN alone group. The proliferating cell nuclear antigenindices for liver tumors and surrounding hepatocytes in high dose PB treated mice were significantly increased, butno change was noted at the lower doses. The total cytochrome P450 content in the liver was also elevated by 500 ppmof PB, while hepatic 8-OHdG levels demonstrated no significant change. In conclusion, PB at high dose enhancesDEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in TGF-α transgenic mice, but low doses lack any significant effects. One possiblemechanism of phenobarbital carcinogenicity might be influenced by cytochrome P450 system exhibiting a strongpromoting activity for liver of mice.
Cancer risk assessment,hepatocarcinogenesis,Phenobarbital,TGFα,transgenic mouse model
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24466.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24466_18d52db63ae8eb392f6483f56960666d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
The Accuracy of Midwives' Clinical Breast Examination in Detection of Breast Lumps
279
282
EN
<b>Background:</b> Screen-detected breast cancers are usually diagnosed at earlier stages. Therefore, countries withlimited resources are recommended to implement clinical breast examination (CBE) as a screening method inconjunction with mammography. Since there are so many limitations to performance of CBE by surgeons in thehealth system and CBE by midwives is more feasible, this study was conducted to test the agreement of CBE bymidwives and surgeons. <br/><b>Methods</b>: One thousand and twenty seven patients with no personal history of breast cancerreceived breast physical examination by both a midwife and a surgeon and designed forms including patients’ generalinformation, cause of referral and abnormal physical findings were completed for each patient. <br/><b>Results</b>: The interobserveragreement (kappa) for mass detection was 36 % (95% CI= 31% to 41%), indicating a “fair” agreementexists between the midwife’s and the surgeon’s physical examination. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negativepredictive values of “midwife’s physical examination” to detect abnormal breast masses in comparison to “surgeon’sphysical examination” as the gold standard were 75, 67, 48, and 87 percent respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results ofthis study do not justify the replacement of general surgeons by midwives in the health care system as the firstexaminer for clinical breast screening. Decisions about this issue need more comprehensive studies considering costeffectivenessand training procedures.
breast cancer,clinical examination,screening accuracy,Midwife
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24467.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24467_779c163e7afbb40c7fd965323a7a5c81.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Epidemiology of Primary Intracranial Tumors in Iran , 1978-2003
283
288
EN
The pattern of primary brain tumors have not been reported in Iran and the etiology remains largely unknown.The need for current estimation of geographical and secular variation is clear. The purpose of this study was toreview cases of brain tumors treated in Shariatti hospital, a neurosurgical center, over the twenty five years from1978 to 2003. A descriptive, retrospective study was made of 3437cases who were hospitalized with brain tumors.Data abstracted from the patients’ clinical records included age at the time of admission , sex, histological diagnosisand tumor location. The frequency distribution of brain tumors by age and sex, and histology was calculated forcomparison with the literature. There is a preponderance of males over females, the overall ratio of male/femalecases was 55.4% to 44.6% (P< 0.05). The average age of the patients at the diagnosis was 33.9 years (SD = 18.1) witha median of 34 years and a ranged from 1 to 95 years. The mean age did not significantly differ between the genders.Of recorded series cases, 20.1% brain tumors occurred in children 15 years and younger, with a mean + sd of 8.7 +3.9 years, and 79.9 % of cases in adults with the mean + sd of 40.2 + 14.4. The five most common histological typesin both sexes were meningioma in 892 cases (26%) followed by astrocytoma in 805 cases (23.4%), pituitary adenomain 488 cases (14.2%), glioblasomaoma in 278 cases (5.1%) and ependymoma in 166 cases (4.8%). These accountedfor 84 % of all brain tumors . The 10 most frequent brain tumors were ranked separately by sex and age groups.Male predominance was observed for the astrocytoma group, craniopharyngiomas, ependymomas, glioblastomas,medulloblastomas, and pituitary adenomas. Meningiomas were the only tumors with a significant excess in females(p< 0.05) - some 28% of cases occurred in patients younger than 20 years of age; 45% cases 21- 45 years of age; 25%cases 46-65 years of age, and 2% cases in patients older than 65 years of age. In conclusion, the results present animportant epidemiological basis for understanding of the brain tumor burden in Iran. Wider epidemiological studiesof a prospective nature are now required.
Epidemiology,Brain tumors,meningiomas,astrocytomas
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24468.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24468_da8f804148b5ca8908eb24e5f6d4d003.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Chemopreventive Potential of Tribulus terrestris against 7,12- Dimethylbenz (a) anthracene Induced Skin Papillomagenesis in Mice
289
294
EN
In the present investigation, the chemopreventive potential of aqueous extracts of the root and fruit of Tribulusterrestris (an Ayurvedic medicinal plant) on 7, 12 - dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced papillomagenesisin male Swiss albino mice was studied. A significant reduction in tumor incidence, tumor burden and cumulativenumber of papillomas was observed, along with a significant increase in average latent period in mice treated orallywith Tribulus terrestris suspension continuously at pre, peri and post-initiation stages of papillomagenesis as comparedto the control group treated with DMBA and croton oil alone. Treatment with Tribulus terrestris suspension by oralgavage for 7 days resulted in a significant increase in the reduced glutathione content in the liver (P<0.001 for bothroot and fruit extracts). Conversely, lipid peroxidation levels were significantly decreased (P<0.001).
Chemoprevention,DMBA- croton oil,Tribulus terrestris,reduced glutathione- lipid peroxidation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24469.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24469_27e1992451120c25eafc50c691af148c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Radium-Contaminated Water: a Risk Factor for Cancer of the Upper Digestive Tract
295
298
EN
There is a high incidence of oral, pharynx and esophagus cancer among males in Na Mom district in SongkhlaProvince in Thailand, an area where radium concentration in shallow well water is found to be higher than otherareas in this province. A population-based case control study was conducted from June to November 2004 to determinethe association of oral exposure to radium-contaminated water and cancer of the upper digestive tract in the district.Thirty-two confirmed cases and 128 sex and five-year birth cohort matched neighborhood controls were selected bymultistage sampling from six villages in four sub-districts. All subjects were verified to have been permanent residentsin the district for more than 10 years. Thirty cases were dead at the time of the study, thus their relatives wereinterviewed to determine their amount of water drinking, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, betel chewing andexposure to other potential risk factors in the past. The other two cases and all controls were directly interviewed.The concentration of radium in shallow well water at the subject’s houses was estimated using a contour map of Ra-226 in the water at the location of their residence. The results showed a strong and dose-dependent associationbetween consumption of radium-contaminated shallow well water and cancer of the upper digestive tract. Inmultivariate analysis controlled for important risk factors of the cancer, the odds ratios for exposure to oral radiumconsumption 50-100 mBq/day and >100 mBq/day compared with <50 mBq/day were 2.83 (95% CI: 0.50-16.19) and29.76 (95% CI: 4.39-201.6) respectively. The risk also increased with consumption of fresh water fish which mighthave been contaminated by dissolved radium in the water. This study offers the first evidence of the associationbetween radium and cancer of the upper digestive tract to the world literature. Further studies with other methodssuch as area-wide correlation of radium-uranium concentration and the incidence of the cancer and case-controlstudies in other populations are needed to confirm the evidence.
Radium contamination,Water,cancer,upper digestive tract
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24470.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24470_27c1e9bf8904515f5159f088c3b4b394.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Inhibition of N-Methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis by Phyllanthus amarus Extract
299
302
EN
Chemopreventive activity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn (Euphorbiaceae) extract was studied withregard to N-methyl N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced stomach cancer in Wistar rats. Administration ofthe extract with MNNG significantly reduced the incidence of gastric neoplasms in rats (44%) as well as their numbers.Moreover, elevated levels of enzymes in the stomach were found to be reduced by P. amarus administration. Forexample, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was decreased from 20.3 ± 6.7 mmol/min/mg protein to almost normallevels (2.8 ± 0.9) by 750mg/kg body weight of the extract. Similarly glutathione S-transferase activity (1317.6 ± 211 nmol/min/mg protein) and glutathione reductase (368 ± 66) levels in the MNNG treated group were found to belowered to 494.8 ± 76 and 192 ± 45, respectively, while reduced glutathione (GSH) was increased from 4.6 ± 0.9 to 8.5±1.4 n mol/min/mg protein. AgNOR dots and clusters, indicators of cellular proliferation, which were increased byMNNG treatment, became near to normal in P. amarus treated animals.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24471.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24471_ac752c0ae2fa68db3c7704526317cac9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Repeatability of Self-reported Information for Population-based Studies of Cancer
303
308
EN
Purpose: To measure the repeatability of a cancer risk factor questionnaire in a population-based case-controlstudy. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Questionnaires were completed on two occasions by patients with cancer of the ovary (n=25) oresophagus (n=23) and by 37 controls without cancer. We assessed general cancer risk factors including height andweight (for calculating body mass index (BMI)), smoking and anti-inflammatory (NSAID) use. Risk factors specificfor ovarian and esophageal cancers were also assessed. Agreement was measured by the correlation coefficient andweighted kappa statistic (kw) for continuous and categorical variables respectively. <br/><b>Results</b>: We observed very highlevels of agreement for BMI (kw=0.84) and smoking history, including ages at initiation and quitting (Pearsoncorrelation = 0.87 and 0.86 respectively). There was moderate to substantial agreement for use of anti-inflammatorydrugs (aspirin kw =0.52, other NSAIDS kw =0.72). Agreement for lifetime prevalence of medical conditions variedfrom almost perfect (e.g. history of benign breast disease (k =0.86)) to moderate (e.g. heartburn (k =0.57)). Itemrepeatability was not materially altered by case-control status, age or sex of respondents or interval betweencompletions. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Self-reported cancer risk factor information demonstrates moderate to almost perfectlevels of agreement, suggesting these items are suitable for risk estimation and epidemiologic inference.
Reproducibility of results,Agreement,risk factors,case-control studies,cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24472.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24472_b75023f733c762ed756418af585f2f00.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Gastrointestinal Cancer Occurrence in East Azarbaijan : A Five Year Study from North Western Iran
309
312
EN
Background and aims: Regardless of the fact that neoplasms of the GI tract have been reported as the mostcommon fatal cancers in east Azerbaijan, there is a serious lack of population based studies in this region. The aim ofthis pathology-based cancer registry report is to document epidemiologic aspects of gastrointestinal tract cancers inEast Azerbaijan for further medical programs for treatment and screening of high-risk groups and study changesover time. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A survey team reviewed and collected all records of cancer cases from all referral and validpathology laboratories, hospitals and out patient public and private clinics of East Azerbaijan province during a fiveyear period (September 1999 to 2004). <br/><b>Results</b>: 5417 new cases of histologically confirmed GI tract cancers wereregistered, 61.7% of the subjects being male. The mean (± SD) ages were 63.25 ± 12.79 and 59.45±13.39 yr for menand women, respectively .Gastric cancer was the most common GI tract cancer with an annual ASR of 21.3 per 105for males and 8.2 for females . The annual ASRs for esophagus and colorectal cancers were 9.4 and 6 in males and 7.1and 9.2 in females. Gastric cancer was significantly more common among men although women were more likely todevelop cancer in younger age. Some 14% of our subjects with colorectal cancer were under the age of 40. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>:This first report from East Azarbaijan, suggests a need for further evaluations to map out the risk factors andinterventions.
Gastrointestinal tract cancer,Registration,East Azarbaijan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25461.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25461_e9e14ed50f613519d3033755083c9805.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Hepatitis B Knowledge and Practices among Chinese Immigrants to the United States
313
317
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: Chinese immigrants to the United States experience high rates of liver cancer. Chronic carriage ofhepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most common underlying cause of liver cancer among Chinese Americans. Our objectivewas to describe Chinese immigrants’ hepatitis B knowledge, testing, and vaccination levels. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A communitybased,in-person survey of Chinese men and women was conducted in Seattle during 2005. Our study sample included395 individuals. <br/><b>Results</b>: Less than one-half (48%) of our study group indicated they had received a hepatitis B bloodtest, and about one-third (31%) indicated they had been vaccinated against hepatitis B. The proportions of respondentswho knew HBV can be spread during childbirth, during sexual intercourse, and by sharing razors were 70%, 54%,and 55%, respectively. Less than one-quarter of the study group knew that HBV cannot be spread by eating foodthat was prepared by an infected person (23%) and by sharing eating utensils with an infected person (16%).Discussion: Over 50% of our respondents did not recall being tested for HBV. Important knowledge deficits aboutroutes of hepatitis B transmission were identified. Continued efforts should be made to develop and implementhepatitis B educational campaigns for Chinese immigrant communities.
Chinese,Hepatitis B,Liver cancer,Immigrants
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25462.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25462_324190075d448dfafdbf5cbb5c2172ae.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Gene Amplification using DNA from Human Spot Urine Samples
318
320
EN
The purpose of this study was to test the amplification of DNA from human urinary sediment for molecularepidemiological studies. Twenty-six urine samples were obtained from healthy volunteers. Polymerase chain reactions(PCR) for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), β-globin, and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) was conductedusing genomic DNA isolated from the urine. The MTHFR and β-globin genes were amplified successfully from allthe urine DNA samples while the NAT2 gene was amplified in 88.5% of cases. The median yield of DNA was 0.28 μgfrom the 10 ml urine samples, sufficient amounts of DNA being contained in urinary sediments for amplification ofall three genes. This result indicates that urine can be used as a DNA source for PCR-based molecular epidemiologicalstudies.
Urine,DNA,gene amplification,PCR
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24473.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24473_da8b49eef9ed714518060103f0d1852e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Hormone Receptor Status of Operable Breast Cancers in Indonesia: Correlation with Other Prognostic Factors and Survival
321
324
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hormone receptor status of operable breast cancers inYogyakarta, Indonesia , and its correlation with other established prognostic factors and overall survival. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: Operable breast cancers in Yogyakarta were studied clinically, pathologically andimmunohistochemically for tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, mitotic index, ER, PR, c-erbB2, p53and MIB-1 proliferation index. Correlations of ER and PR with those prognostic factors were determined, andpatients were longitudinally followed for overall survival. <br/><b>Results</b>: Breast cancer showed an aggressive phenotypewith large tumor size, positive lymph nodes, high histologic grade, high mitotic index, positive c-erbB2, p53 andMIB- 1 proliferation index. Positive ER and PR did not improve the prognosis significantly, and adjuvant treatmentwith tamoxifen did not increase overall survival.
Breast cancer –,prognostic factor –,estrogen receptor –,Progesterone Receptor
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25463.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25463_973499a8cf6370a9bfb069eb4e7ea31a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Genetic Variation of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 Genes in a South Indian Population
325
328
EN
The glutathione S transferase (GST) family of enzymes play a vital role in the phase II biotransformation ofenvironmental carcinogens, pollutants, drugs and other xenobiotics. GSTs are polymorphic and the polymorphismsin GST genes have been associated with cancer susceptibility and prognosis. Moreover, distinct ethnic differenceshave been observed in the type and frequency of GST gene polymorphisms. Hence, the present study was aimed todetermine the frequencies of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms in 255 healthy random volunteers fromSouth India. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were determined by PCR and GSTP1 by PCR-RFLP using peripheralblood DNA.The GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype frequencies were found to be 22.4% and 17.6% respectively. TheGSTP1 allelic frequency was 0.78 for the Ile allele and 0.22 for the Val allele and the genotype frequency was 58.4%for Ile/Ile, 38.4% for Ile/Val, and 3.1% for Val/Val. Comparison of the frequencies of GST polymorphisms observedin the present study with other Indian and world populations revealed a distinctive nature of the South Indianpopulation with respect to polymorphims at the GST gene loci. A better understanding of carcinogen metabolizinggene distribution should contribute to risk assessment of humans exposed to environmental carcinogens.
GSTM1,GSTT1,GSTP1,polymorphisms
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25464.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25464_3b98ccbafe6c79fe285adda73cab0e6e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Screening for Cervical Cancer, Results from Thailand
329
330
EN
Pap smears are recommended asa general screening methods to early diagnose cervical cancer in order to decreasemorbidity and or mortality. Women in Thailand have a relatively high risk. Here, the author summarizes reportedresults from cervical screening programs set in Thailand. A total of 101,107 subjects of screening were included.The overall prevalence of cervical cancer was 0.38% (383 cases). The overall prevalence of pre-cancerous cases andother lesions (infection and inflammation) were 2.4% (2,405) and 5.3% (5,358). There was no significant associationbetween the prevalence rate and the region. These results document the importance of cervical cancer in Thailandand the high detection rate of pre-cancerous lesion supports the utility of screening programs for secondary preventionof cervical cancer. Health education seems to play an important role in success of the cervical cancer screeningprogram for Thai females.
Screening for Cervical Cancer,Results from Thailand
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24474.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24474_4f2225ddefc66ad20953cc8d9049e1fa.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Modulatory Influence of Rosemarinus officinalis on DMBA-induced Mouse Skin Tumorigenesis
331
335
EN
The present investigation was undertaken to explore the anti-tumor promoting activity of Rosemarinus officinalison two-stage skin carcinogenesis, induced by a single topical application of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene andpromoted by treatment of croton oil for 15 weeks in Swiss albino mice. Oral administration of Rosemary leaf extractat a dose of 1000 mg/ kg b. wt. / day at pre, peri and post-initiational phases, was found to be effective in decreasingthe tumor incidence (50, 41.7, 58.3%, respectively) in comparison to the control (100%). Furthermore, the cumulativenumber of papillomas, tumor yield and tumor burden were also found to be reduced in R. officinalis-treated animals.This was associated with significant alteration in liver lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) levels.
Chemoprevention,Glutathione,Lipid peroxidation,Rosemarinus officinalis,mouse skin
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24475.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24475_0a54b6f08e14b734198ed27921c76801.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Early Diagnosis of Cancer in Renal Transplant Patients: A Single Center Experience
336
339
EN
Renal transplantation confers increased survival with improvement of immune suppressive drugs, but certaintypes of neoplasm can arise as secondary complications. It is thus well known that recipients have significantlyincreased risk of developing de novo malignancy when compared with the age-matched general population. Canceris the 4th most common cause of death in transplant patients after cardiovascular disease, infections and liver failure.Our transplantation team has performed 1,582 kidney transplantations since 1975. Fifty-nine of the patients developedmalignancies in the posttransplantation period. The most common was Kaposi’s sarcoma (19 patients, 32.2 %),followed by lymphomas (16 patients, 27.1 %) and skin carcinomas (13 patients, 22.0 %). Many factors can contributeto high susceptibility in these patients; age at transplantation, certain types of viral infections like Epstein-Barrvirus, human herpes virus-8, human papilloma virus or chronic usage of immune suppressive agents, type of immunesuppressive drugs, and ethnic characteristics . Transplant recipients generally have advanced stage cancers at thetime of diagnosis with a poor prognosis. Since some neoplasms are common early detection of cancer is important todecrease cancer related mortality and morbidity. This article considers risk factors and recommendations for earlydiagnosis of cancer in renal transplant patients.
Renal transplants,immune suppression,secondary malignancy,risk factors
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24476.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24476_9f53583847369891b63ad891e2378959.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Dilemma of Cancer Screening in Pakistan
340
341
EN
In the scenario of limited resources for implementation of screening programmes in Pakistan, the only practical option for early detection is through mass education about cancers, their risk factors, screeningmodalities and presentation symptoms.
Pakistan,Screening,education
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24477.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24477_dec642af82b56c99fe22e5894a3f20dc.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Male Breast Cancers in Pakistan
342
343
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24478.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24478_39e2abeccea2d04a56d910b8d2507891.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
7
2
2006
02
01
Oral Administration of Bacillus oligonitrophilus KU-1 may Prevent Tumors
343
344
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24479.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24479_10c56505e473cc5b6cca015c6959b24b.pdf