West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
26th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Cancer Registries - Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 14th-16th September, 2004, Beijing, China ‘Promoting Cancer Registration in the Developing Countries and Enhancing
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24260.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24260_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Awareness and High Relative Mortality Rates in the Asian Pacific
91
93
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24237.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24237_604dd4e946641a26ca679c14069be4de.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad Institutional Profile
94
95
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24238.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24238_27a8539bdc5f3754e0f6f64268746122.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Cancer Burden and Trends in the Asian Pacific Rim Region
96
117
EN
This paper describes the current cancer burden and time trends, discusses dominant risk factors and prevention and control strategies, and makes future projections for the top eight cancers (stomach, lung, liver, colon/rectum, esophagus, breast, cervix, and leukemia) in the Asian Pacific Rim region. The future cancer trends through to the year 2050 are projected based on population dynamics, including population growth and ageing. In 2000, the Asian Pacific Rim had over 3 million new cancer cases, over 2 million cancer deaths, and 5.4 million people living with cancer. In 2050, 7.8 million new cancer cases and 5.7 million deaths from cancer are projected. The current cancer burden and the future projection provide facts that cancer is and will be a very serious public health problem in the Asian Pacific Rim region and will assist public health officers and cancer researchers in the design and establishment of public health policies, prioritization of future research, and application of current knowledge in the prevention and control of cancer.
Cancer burden,risk factors,time trends,Prevention,cancer projections,Asian Pacific Rim
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24239.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24239_ef7ab844729039ee095d317062b4cb92.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Epidemiology of Liver Cancer: An Overview
118
125
EN
The incidence of liver cancer varies widely throughout the world, with high rates in sub – Saharan Africa, eastern and southeastern Asia, and Melanesia and a low incidence in Northern and Western Europe and the Americas. Primary cancers of the liver in adults are of two main histological types: hepatocellular carcinoma, which is derived from hepatocytes, and cholangiocarcinoma, which is derived from the epithelial lining of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Hepatocellular cancer is a frequently occurring tumor in individuals in many developing countries, where several important risk factors have been demonstrated, including chronic infection with hepatitis B and C viruses and other environmental factors, such as exposure to aflatoxin, consumption of alcohol, and cigarette smoking. By contrast, cholangiocarcinoma is less common, accounting for only 7.7% of malignant tumors of the liver in the United States. However, in parts of Southeast Asia, cholangiocarcinoma occurs more frequently; it is responsible for more than 60% of liver tumors in northeastern Thailand. The geographic distribution worldwide coincides with endemic areas of the liver flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis. The interaction between genes and the environment and the interplay of environmental factors, which include diet and other lifestyle parameters, illustrate the complexity underlying susceptibility.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24240.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24240_7d8ab48f1fd0124dd3d5f678ecdbcc00.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Indian Food Ingredients and Cancer Prevention - an Experimental Evaluation of Anticarcinogenic Effects of Garlic in Rat Colon
126
132
EN
The major food items of Indian cuisine include rice, wheat, diary products, and abundant fruits and vegetables. Beside these, there are several kinds of herbs and spices as important ingredients, containing many phytochemicals with medicinal properties, adding taste to Indian cuisine. An impressive body of data exists in support of the concept that Indian food ingredients can be used in preventive strategies aimed at reducing the incidence and mortality of different types of cancers because of their antioxidative, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. Vital ingredients used in Indian cooking include turmeric, cloves, ginger, aniseed, mustard, saffron, cardamom and garlic Garlic is an indispensable ingredient of Indian food and this report concerns the chemopreventive efficacy of garlic in an azoxymethane induced rodent colon carcinogenesis model. The effect of garlic was evaluated in terms of aberrant crypt foci, putative preneoplastic lesions in the colon. In addition, cell proliferation and levels of apoptosis were determined and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 protein was analyzed. Following treatment, significant inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis, as well as suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 activity were observed, associated with significant reduction in the incidence of aberrant crypt foci. The study points to combined protective effects of garlic components on colon carcinogenesis.
ACF,azoxymethane,Apoptosis,Cell proliferation,Cyclooxygenase-2,Indian food ingredients,Garlic
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24241.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24241_d38c8797db570010daa704238a440035.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Polymorphisms in Thymidylate Synthase and Methylenetetra-hydrofolate Reductase Genes and the Susceptibility to Esophageal and Stomach Cancer with Smoking and Drinking Habits
133
138
EN
Thymidylate synthetase (TS) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are major enzymes in the metabolism of folates, involved in DNA ‘breaks’, instability and hypomethylation.To investigate the possible relations between the TS 3’-UTR and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms and environmental factors impacting on risk of esophageal and stomach cancers, we conducted a case-control study in a high incidence region of China for these cancers. We recruited 138 esophageal and 155 stomach cancer cases, and 223 controls. The TS 3’-UTR and MTHFR C677T genotypes were detected by RFLP assay, using PCR products. The frequency of the -6 bp homozygous TS 3’- UTR genotype was 37.7 % in controls, higher than in Caucasians, although the present distribution was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Ever-smoking with the -6 bp/-6 bp TS genotype elevated the ORs (2.61, 1.24-5.49; 3.54, 1.60-7.82) for cases of esophageal and stomach cancers, respectively, when compared with never-smoking with the +6 bp/+6 bp and +6 bp/-6 bp genotypes. No combination between the TS and MTHFR genotypes gave increased ORs. The present results suggest that TS polymorphism may modify the risk of esophageal and stomach cancer with smoking, pointing to the necessity for further investigations with information on folate and methionine intake with a larger population.
thymidylate synthase,methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,Polymorphism,stomach cancer,Esophageal Cancer,smoking
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24242.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24242_afdeaa834343942ff9c3953b5a4b6823.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Defective Repair of UV-induced DNA Damage in Cultured Primary Skin Fibroblasts from Saudi Thyroid Cancer Patients
139
143
EN
This study was conducted to examine the sensitivity of primary skin fibroblasts from Saudi thyroid cancer (TC) patients to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Cell survival was studied by a colony forming assay and DNA repair defects with a host cell reactivation (HCR) assay using UV-irradiated Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). In addition, p53 gene expression was examined in the same TC cells exhibiting enhanced radiosensitivity. Skin fibroblasts from TC patients (n=4) showed significantly enhanced sensitivity to UV radiation. The average UV dose to reduce survival to 37% of the initial survival (D37) value (in Jm-2) for fibroblasts from TC patients was 4.6 (3.7-5.6) compared to 7.3 (6.3-8.3) for healthy individuals (n=3). UV-sensitive xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells, which were used as positive control, were found to be extremely sensitive with a D37 value of 0.6 Jm-2. In a host cell reactivation assay, UV-irradiated HSV was tested for its plaque-forming ability (PFA), by plating infected fibroblasts from TC patients (used as host cells) on African Green Monkey (Vero) kidney cells to form plaques. A significant reduction in the PFA of the UVirradiated virus (about three fold) on TC cells compared to fibroblasts from the healthy subjects was seen, suggesting a DNA-repair deficiency in the primary fibroblasts of the TC patients. Furthermore, no significant accumulation in radiation-induced p53 expression was observed in cells from the TC patients. Our results, based on a relatively small group of subjects, indicate that Saudi TC patients primary fibroblasts (non-cancerous in nature) may be carriers of cancer-susceptible gene(s) arising from defective DNA repair/processing. These results warrant a larger study to investigate the role of UV-induced bulky DNA damage in thyroid cancer susceptibility.
DNA damage,DNA Repair,Ultraviolet,colony forming assay,Thyroid cancer,HSV
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24243.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24243_2279a414b9ee25ee6f018676d31f21f9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Experience with a Self-Administered Device for Cervical Cancer Screening by Thai Women with Different Educational Backgrounds
144
150
EN
<b>Background:</b> This descriptive study was carried out to test the acceptability of a self-administered device for cervical cancer screening and assess certain risk factors in relation to the cancer in two districts of Khon Kaen province in Northeast Thailand. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 354 women from the villages were selected (including 143 teachers from secondary and primary schools; 24 health officers from the rural health centres, and 37 nurses from the University Hospital, Khon Kaen University). The Kato device was introduced and used by the women, who were then asked to give their opinion on its usage. <br/><b>Results</b>: The Kato device was generally well accepted by the women. However, many of those with a higher educational background were more sceptical towards the device than their counterparts from the villages. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: A suitable approach to strengthen the control of cervical cancer in the rural areas of Thailand might be to introduce the Kato device as an integral part of primary health care. The introduction of the device should go along with health education on the importance of avoiding infection with the papilloma viruses. This message should be transmitted to both females and males..
cervical cancer,Screening,Self-administered device,Kato device,risk factors
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24244.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24244_fb4011876295c315d48a04587a59f169.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Inhibition of DMBA-croton Oil Two-stage Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis by Diphenylmethyl Selenocyanate Through Modulation of Cutaneous Oxidative Stress and Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Production
151
158
EN
Selenium, an essential micronutrient, plays important roles against different diseases, including several types of cancer. In the present study, antioxidative and chemopreventive properties of a synthetic organoselenium compound, diphenylmethyl selenocyanate, were evaluated with a 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene - croton oil induced twostage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. The compound was administered orally to carcinogen-treated mice at two different non-toxic doses, 2mg/kg. b.w. and 3mg/kg. b.w. Significant inhibition in the incidence of papilloma formation (53-80%) as well as in the cumulative numbers of papillomas per papilloma bearing mouse were observed in the treated groups as compared to the carcinogen control group. The compound was also found to upregulate significantly different phase II detoxifying enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase (p<0.01) and superoxide dismutase (p<0.01) in skin cytosol when measured after 15 days and also after 12 weeks of the first 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene treatment. Lipid peroxidation measured with reference to thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in skin microsomes was significantly inhibited (p<0.05) in a dose dependent manner by diphenylmethyl selenocyanate. Considerable inhibition of the level of nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages was observed after 12 weeks (p<0.05). Thus the compound appears to exert chemopreventive activity in terms of papilloma formation, which may be through modulation of cutaneous lipid peroxidation, the phase II detoxifying enzyme system and nitric oxide production.
7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene- croton oil - diphenylmethyl selenocyanate - phase II enzymes - lipid peroxidation - nitric oxide
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24245.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24245_b17d5ca4fdf622c0c54d7f72409941ad.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Retinoblastoma in Karachi, Pakistan
159
163
EN
The objective was to assess epidemiologic aspects of retinoblastoma development in Karachi, Pakistan. Incident cases, diagnosed clinically or microscopically and registered at Karachi Cancer Registry (KCR) during 1st January 1998 to 31st December 2002 were reabstracted, rechecked and reanalyzed for this purpose. One hundred and one cases of retinoblastoma were reported to KCR over the 5 years (1998-2002). Fifty-seven were residents of Karachi, 34 (59.6%) males and 23 (40.4%) females. The gender ratio (M:F) was 1.5. The mean age at diagnosis was 3.96 years (95% CI 2.92; 4.99) and 3.85 years (95% CI 2.72; 4.98) in males and females respectively. The annual crude incidence of retinoblastomas in Karachi was 4.0/100,000 and 2.4/100,000 in children under the age of 5 and 10 years respectively, the corresponding age standardized rates being 5.3/100,000 and 4.8/100,000. The age groups at risk of developing retinoblastoma, associated morbidity and possibility of almost 100% 5-year survival with available treatments, calls for ophthalmologic screening of all infants below 1 year, and high-risk children until the age of 7 years. In order to detect retinoblastoma, as early as possible, health education for parents and health providers, and improved training of ophthalmologists is essential. Genetic testing for siblings and children of retinoblastoma cases and identification of high-risk children would be helpful, but lacks financial feasibility in developing countries at present. Future health care planning should focus on capacity building for neonatal ophthalmologic screening, handling of parents’ and children’ emotional reactions and opportunities for education, occupational training and cosmetic rehabilitation for surviving retinoblastoma patients.
Malignant tumours - eye - retinoblastoma - Karachi,Pakistan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24246.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24246_323ddda42e8cfba04336454e6a71b358.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Knowledge, Attitude and Safe Behaviour of Nurses Handling Cytotoxic Drugs in Ege University Hospital
164
168
EN
Many antineoplastic drugs are known to be carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic to humans. There is thus a potential risk due to occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs (CDs). Nurses and pharmacists are the main groups that are exposed to these drugs in the ambulatory care and hospital settings. An analytic cross sectional study was here carried out in order to evaluate the level of knowledge of nurses on the health effects and the routes of exposure to CDs, to clarify the protective measures while handling these agents and to determine the influence of this knowledge on clinical attitudes, behaviour and actual usage of safety measures. The level of knowledge of the nurses concerning antineoplastics was not satisfactory. Findings for nurses’ safety behaviour and usage of recommended health safety measures showed that, notwithstanding the rules and regulations pertaining to CDs, nurses did not comply with them fully. In service training is a very effective tool to increase the level of knowledge. This study also revealed the necessity for improvement of the working environment and the availibility of appropriate protective equipment.
Cytotoxic drugs,OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE,oncology nurses,Knowledge,attitude-safe behaviour
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24247.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24247_11e5da543cf3756408d194a737cc447e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Decreasing Trend in the Incidence of Stomach Cancer in Mumbai, India, during 1988 to 1999
169
174
EN
The time trend in incidence of stomach cancer in males and females in Mumbai, India during 1988 to 1999 was estimated using data collected by the Bombay Population-based Cancer Registry. During the 12-year period, a total of 3657 stomach cancer cases (3.9% of all cancers) were registered by the Bombay Population-based Cancer Registry of which 2467 (5.1% of all male cancers) were in males and 1184 (2.6% of all female cancers) in females. For evaluation of the trend, we applied a linear regression model based on the logarithm of the observed incidence rates. The annual percentage changes were also computed for the incidence rates for evaluating the time trend. A statistically significant decreasing trend in the overall age-adjusted incidence rates of stomach cancer was observed during the period 1988 to 1999, with an yearly decrease of 4.44% in males and 2.56% in females. This decrease was most striking in males in the age groups 40-59 and 60+, and in females only in the age group 40-59. The probability estimates indicated that one out of every 92 men and one out of every 187 women will contract a stomach cancer at some time in their whole life and 95% of the chance is after his or her 40th birthday. The decreasing trend in the age-adjusted incidence rates of stomach cancer in both the sexes indicates that there is a critical change in the etiology of this cancer. The findings may provide clues relating to various life-style and environmental changes impacting on stomach cancer incidence.
Trend,Incidence,stomach cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24248.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24248_5bb1426da9b6b05d68943f5b15b12a1d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Population-based Survival from Cancers Having a Poor Prognosis in Mumbai (Bombay), India
175
182
EN
<b>Background:</b> Oesophagus, stomach, pancreas and lung cancers contribute more than 35% of the total cancer incidence in Mumbai and survival rates for these cancers are very poor in most populations in the world. The authors here report and discuss the population-based survival from these cancers in Mumbai, India. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Follow-up information on 5717 cancers patients having a low prognosis, registered in the Mumbai Population-Based Cancer Registry for the period 1987-1991, was obtained by a variety of methods, including matching with death certificates from the Mumbai vital statistics registration system, postal/telephone enquiries, home visits and scrutiny of medical records. The survival for each case was determined as the duration between the date of diagnosis and date of death, loss to follow-up or the closing date of the study at the end of 1996. Cumulative observed and relative survival rates were calculated by the Hakulinen Method. For comparison of results with other populations, age-standardized relative survival (ASRS) was calculated by directly standardizing age specific relative survival to the specific age distributions of the estimated global incidence of major cancers in 1985. The log rank test was used with univariate analysis to identify the potentially important prognostic variables. The variables showing statistical significance in univariate analysis were introduced stepwise into a Cox Regression model to identify the independent predictors of survival. <br/><b>Results</b>: The 5-year relative survival rates were 11.8% for oesophagus, 10.1% for the stomach, 4.1% for the pancreas, and 7.0% for lung. Females had higher survival rates than males, except with lung cancer. Lower survival was observed for those younger than 35 years for all 4 sites. For each site, survival declined with advancing age. Single patients who remained unmarried had better survival, except with pancreatic cancer. For all sites Muslims had a better survival and Christians had a lower survival as compared to Hindus. Education did not show any pattern for any site. Survival decreased rapidly with advancing clinical extent of disease for all sites. Survival for localized cancer ranged from12.5% to 31.3%, for regional spread 1.3% to 3.4% and with distant metastasis not a single site recorded more than 1%. On multivariate analysis, extent of disease emerged as an independent predictor of survival with all the sites. Also, age for oesophagus, stomach and lung, religion for oesophagus and stomach, and education for stomach and lung, emerged as independent predictors of survival. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: All the sites included in the study demonstrated very low survival rates with significant variation. Comparison with other populations revealed lower survival rates than for Shanghai-China. In remaining populations, survival proportions did not show much variation for pancreas and lung cancers. For stomach cancer, European countries showed better survival rates. Early detection with treatment is clearly important to reduce the mortality from these cancers.
survival,Prognosis,oesophagus,stomach,pancreas,Lung,stage,extent of disease
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24249.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24249_4708f0bd9aad792bfa6f46a42162eecf.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Increased Risk of Endometrial Abnormalities in Breast Cancer Patients Taking Tamoxifen: The Need for Gynaecologic Surveillance
183
187
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To evaluate the risk of abnormally thickened endometrium associated with tamoxifen treatment in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Two groups of asymptomatic postmenopausal breast cancer patients were recruited in the study. The first consisted of 70 patients taking 20mg/day of tamoxifen for at least 6 months. The second group included 140 patients without tamoxifen treatment. Endometrial evaluation using transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) was conducted for all patients. Fractional curettage was carried out for patients whose endometrial thickness was greater than 5 mm on TVS. <br/><b>Results</b>: The prevalence of abnormally thickened endometrium (greater than 5 mm on TVS) was significantly higher in patients receiving tamoxifen (58.57% VS 10.71 %, P = 0.0001). Patients undergoing tamoxifen treatment had a 5.61 relative risk of developing abnormally thickened endometrium (95% CI= 2.65 -11.86). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Tamoxifen significantly increases the risk of developing abnormally thickened endometrium in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. There is, thus, a true need for gynaecologic surveillance in such patients to early detect neoplastic change of endometrium that may arise as a result of tamoxifen use.
breast cancer,Tamoxifen,Endometrial cancer,Surveillance
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24250.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24250_53f781e704751edf318fdbc320c6869d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
High Frequency of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in Northwest Iran
188
189
EN
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) or M3 is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, according to the French- American-British group classification. High frequencies of APL have been reported previously by many investigators. We here studied AML patients to determine the frequency of APL in Tabriz in northwest Iran. We reviewed 483 AML patients from 1996-2003. M2 and M3 cases accounted for 43.4% and 19.4% of the total, respectively. Our study thus provides further evidence of high frequencies of APL associated with geographical areas. Further studies should now be performed to evaluate genetic and environmental predisposing factors in Iran.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia,Frequency,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24252.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24252_31c1bab408b904aa8e4a436d37f8db6d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Chemomodulatory Action of Brassica Compestris (Var Sarason) On Hepatic Carcinogen Metabolizing Enzymes, Antioxidant Profiles and Lipid Peroxidation
190
195
EN
The effect of two different doses (400 and 800 mg/kg body wt/day for 15 days) of a 95% ethanolic extract of the seeds of Brassica compestris (var sarason) was examined on carcinogen metabolizing phase-I and phase-II enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and glutathione content and lipid peroxidation in the liver of Swiss albino mice. Positive control mice were treated with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Significant elevation in the levels of cytochrome p450 (p<0.05), cytochrome b5 (p < 0.05) glutathione s-transferase (p<0.01), DT-diaphorase (p<0.05), superoxide dismutase (p<0.01), catalase (p < 0.001) and reduced glutathione (p<0.001) was noted in the group treated with 800 mg/kg body wt. of Brassica extract in comparison with the negative control group. Brassica compestris acted as a bifunctional inducer since it induced both phase - I and phase - II enzyme systems. Since phase-I and phase-II enzymes are considered to be reliable markers for evaluating the chemoprevention efficacy of particular test materials, these findings are suggestive of potential chemopreventive roles for Brassica seed extract.
Chemoprevention,carcinogenesis,mustard seed (Brassica compestris var sarason),carcinogen metabolizing enzymes,antioxidant profile
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24253.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24253_02fed44605f017a39901980a40150a94.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Comparative Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity and Induction of Apoptosis by some Fluoroquinolones on a Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line in Culture
196
204
EN
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer- related death in the world today. Since the effective management of drug resistant lung cancer, and particularly non-small cell lung carcinomas is a major problem, attempts need to be made to identify new potential anticancer drugs that can kill non-small cell lung cancer cells efficiently. In the present study, a human non-small cell lung carcinoma NCI-H460 cell line was used to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of Fluoroquinolones like Enoxacin, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin. As determined by Sulphorodhamine B assay (SRB assay), all Fluoroquinolones caused cellular growth inhibition in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Enoxacin was found to be the most effective Fluoroquinolone followed by Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin. Growth inhibitory effects were also found to be independent of the concentrations of serum growth factors in culture medium or variation of initial cell seeding density and proved to be irreversible in nature. Appearance of rounded cells with altered morphology and cell surface blebbing indicated cell killing by apoptosis. Cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation & fragmentation, and cytoplasmic blebbing as indicated by MGG staining confirmed this to be the case. Thus, this investigation clearly demonstrated that the NCI-H460 human nonsmall cell lung carcinoma cell line is highly sensitive to Fluoroquinolone treatment. The Fluoroquinolones used in this study which are clinically used as antibacterial agents, can also inhibit tumor cell growth suggesting their potential use in a strategy for cancer treatment which might help in controlling cancer.
Fluoroquinolones,NCI-H460 cell line,Apoptosis,growth inhibition
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24254.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24254_063bf1c57f99df92c8d200b324eb66f0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Knowledge of Cancer in West Bengal - a Pilot Survey
205
212
EN
A pilot survey was conducted based on 900 respondents of the population of West Bengal to assess their level of awareness regarding cancer with the aim of estimating associations between response variables (knowledge about cancer) and predictor variables (age, sex, level of education). The data of the pilot survey revealed that 98% of the respondents had heard of the disease ‘Cancer’ . Unfortunately only 35% of the respondents were aware of the 7- danger signals (i.e. the primary symptoms of cancer) as defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO). None of the respondents knew all 7-primary symptoms of cancer and the majority (about 88%) knew only one or two (mainly tumour lumps and ulcers). Only 44.67% were aware of the major risk factors (like smoking and tobacco chewing). The percentage of the respondents believing that most cancers are curable in early stages was 58%. Some of the respondents (21%) expressed the vague idea that cancer is a infectious disease which is creating a problem of isolation from the family/society with some unfortunate cancer patients. Over 11% of the respondents suggested that a cancer diagnosis should be kept secret from neighbours due to some social stigma like problems with daughters’ marriage. Only 8% had experienced any cancer awareness programme conducted by any organisation, only 37% had listened to any cancer awareness programme conducted by the All India Radio, only 36% had seen any cancer awareness programme conducted by Doordarsan/ private Television channels, only 34% had read cancer awareness articles in the newspapers/magazines and only 13% had seen posters/hoardings regarding cancer awareness. The results thus revealed a huge lack regarding cancer awareness in the region. Most of the respondents (68%) expressed a wish for starting cancer awareness programmes. From the Pilot Survey it has been found that the average Knowledge Index of the respondents is 58+ 1.7 irrespective of the socio-economic and personal status. On testing of associations, there was no statistically significant association of the Knowledge Index with the domicile status (rural or urban), sex, occupation and religion of the respondents. However, statistically significant links were evident with the level of education (p=0.00001), social participation (p=0.00004) and income (p=0.00013) of the respondents.
cancer statistics,Cancer awareness,education programme,Cancer Prevention,knowledge index
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24255.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24255_e2220eff27d5272998b760631728f66e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Knowledge and Concerns about Cancer in Patients with Primary Gynecologic Cancers
213
216
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: The aim of this study was to measure the level of knowledge about cancer among patients with primary gynecologic cancers and the rate of awareness for diagnosis. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Two hundred patients with primary gynecologic cancers in Vaie Asr & Mirza Kochak Khan hospitals, Tehran/Iran, participated and entered the study and were interviewed by trained nurses. The interview included questions about knowledge of their cancer and risk factors. <br/><b>Results</b>: One hundred fifteen of 200 subjects (58%) knew that their disease was malignant, of which 56 were aware of the exact diagnosis. Fifty six percent of the subjects believed that doctors must say the true diagnosis. The level of general knowledge about cancer was poor in 34%of cases. Regarding cancer risk factors, 47% had a poor level of knowledge. Misconception about injury and depression as predisposing factors were common. Level of general knowledge was significantly higher in younger than in older patients (p<0.05). Also patients with a greater length of formal education had a higher level of knowledge (p<0.0001). Patients who received information from medical personnel and who were aware of diagnosis had a higher level of knowledge (p<0.0001). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: The level of knowledge about cancer should be promoted in both the general public and in patients. Medical personnel may play a great role in this field.
gynecologic cancer,Knowledge,misconceptions
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24256.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24256_dbc0265d41615d84535d3e82d9c0aa58.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Ethnic and Age Variation of Cancer of the Reproductive System in Women of Kyrgyzstan
217
222
EN
The purpose of this research was to assess the ethnic and age variation in the incidence rates of cancer of the female reproductive system (cancers of the breast, cervix uteri, corpus uteri and ovaries) in Kyrgyzstan. A retrospective approach was adopted covering the period from 1995 to 2002 with descriptive and analytical methods to estimated incidence rates in women of Russian and Kyrgyz nationalities. Values were found to be higher in Russian women but decreasing over time, while increase was observed for the Kyrgyz. Breast cancers were most common in Russian women and in their Kyrgyz counterparts cancer of the cervix uteri predominated. The data reveal age and ethnic variation in cancer localization.
breast cancer,corpus uteri cancer,cervix uteri cancer,ovary cancer,incidence rates
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24257.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24257_8017977f1251e73893296878498bdcd3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Breast Cancer in Iran: a Survival Analysis
223
225
EN
A prospective study was undertaken to examine survival in Iranian breast cancer patients. One hundred and sixty-seven breast cancer patients diagnosed in 1997 were entered into the study and followed up for five years. The mean age of thr patients at diagnosis was 47.2 (SD = 13.5), ranging from 24 to 81 years. A total of 39 patients were lost in the follow-up period, leaving 128 for analysis of data. Of these, 79 were alive and 49 were dead after five years. Most patients (61%) presented with advanced disease. Using life table analysis, the overall relative 5-year survival rate was found to be 62% (SE = 0.04). In addition, after adjustment for age at diagnosis, initial treatment (mastectomy, breast conserving surgery, and neo-adjuvant therapy), and disease stage, using Cox’s regression model, it was found that receiving neo-adjuvant therapy as the initial treatment was an independent predictor of poorer survival (Hazard ratio = 4.56, 95% CI 2.20-9.44, P<0.0001). The other variables (older age and late stage disease), although associated with high hazards rates, were not significant. The study findings suggest that overall relative survival rate in Iranian breast cancer patients stands between western and eastern European countries and needs to be improved. It seems that early detection and better management using standard guidelines might contribute considerably to improvement of survival in women experiencing breast cancer.
breast cancer,survival,Life table,Kaplan-Meier analysis,Cox proportional hazards model,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24258.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24258_d2813362505dee4d2b17b05eaf1fea88.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
5
2
2004
02
01
Improving Cancer Care in India: Prospects and Challenges
226
228
EN
The World Cancer Report, a 351 - page global report issued by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) tells us that cancer rates are set to increase at an alarming rate globally (Stewart and Kleiues 2003). Cancer rates could increase by 50 % to 15 million new cases in the year 2020. This will be mainly due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and also to current trends in smoking prevalence and the growing adoption of unhealthy lifestyles. The report also reveals that cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries, matching its effect in industrialized nations. Healthy lifestyles and public health action by governments and health practitioners could stem this trend, and prevent as many as one third of cancers worldwide. In a developing country such as India there has been a steady increase in the Crude Incidence Rate (CIR) of all cancers affecting both men and women over the last 15 years. The increase reported by the cancer registries is nearly 12 per cent from 1985 to 2001, representing a 57 per cent rise in India's cancer burden. The total number of new cases, which stood at 5.3 lakhs Care lakh is 100,000 in 1985 has risen to over 8.3 lakhs today. The pattern of cancers has changed over the years, with a disturbing increase in cases that are linked to the use of tobacco. In 2003, there were 3.85 lakhs of cases coming under this category in comparison with 1.94 lakhs cases two decades ago. Lung cancer is now the second most common cancer among men. Earlier, it was in fifth place. Among women in urban areas, cancer of the uterine cervix had the highest incidence 15 years ago, but it has now been overtaken by breast cancer. In rural areas, cervical cancer remains the most common form of the disease (The Hindu 2004).
Cancer control,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24259.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24259_dacb3b3b6e8aadadf00a99787c99a91f.pdf