West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Cancer Multidrug Resistance (MDR): A Major Impediment to Effective Chemotherapy
1
16
EN
Multidrug resistance (MDR) continues to be a major challenge to effective chemotherapeutic interventionsagainst cancer. Various types of cancers have been observed to exhibit this phenomenon, a strategy that involvescellular and non cellular mechanisms employed by cancer cells to survive the cytotoxic actions of variousstructurally and functionally unrelated drugs. The present article is a brief review of the fundamental mechanismsunderlying the phenomenon of MDR in cancer cells and some novel approaches addressed at its inhibition,circumvention or reversal. The emergence of natural products as potential anti-MDR molecules is of particularsignificance. Since many of these are essential components of the human diet, they are expected to possess fewerside effects and may possibly represent a new generation of MDR modulators.
Multidrug Resistance,Chemotherapy,mechanisms,natural modulators
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24684.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24684_e52eabe3d31d5508bf47a2d4da489c1d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Suppression of Prostate Cancer Growth by Resveratrol in The Transgenic Rat for Adenocarcinoma of Prostate (TRAP) Model
7
14
EN
Research into actions of resveratrol, abundantly present in red grape skin, has been greatly stimulated by itsreported beneficial health influence. Since it was recently proposed as a potential prostate cancer chemopreventiveagent, we here performed an in vivo experiment to explore its effect in the Transgenic Rat for Adenocarcinomaof Prostate (TRAP) model, featuring the rat probasin promoter/SV 40 T antigen. Resveratrol suppressed prostatecancer growth and induction of apoptosis through androgen receptor (AR) down-regulation, without any signof toxicity. Resveratrol not only downregulated androgen receptor (AR) expression but also suppressed theandrogen responsive glandular kallikrein 11 (Gk11), known to be an ortholog of the human prostate specificantigen (PSA), at the mRNA level. The data provide a mechanistic basis for resveratrol chemopreventive efficacyagainst prostate cancer.
Chemoprevention,Prostate Cancer,Resveratrol,TRAP rats
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24685.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24685_63e411297c537d84c83ced722e61653a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices vis-à-vis Cervical Cancer Among Registered Nurses at the Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Thailand
15
18
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cervical cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer among women in Thailandand in almost all patients, human papillomavirus (HPV) has been found. Various international studies indicatethat the knowledge level vis-à-vis cervical cancer and HPV in the general population as well as healthcareprofessionals is low, but no such study has yet been done in Thailand. <br/><b>Objectives</b>: Our study’s aim was toascertain the level of knowledge, the attitudes and practices regarding cervical cancer among registered nursesworking in Srinagarind (university) Hospital in an urban setting in Northeast Thailand. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:Systematic sampling was used and self-administered questionnaires were sent to 149 registered nurses; 133(89.3%) of whom responded. Data were processed using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentagesand the 95% CIs. <br/><b>Results</b>: The respondents’ averaged 34.6 years of age (median, 33; range, 21-56) while 54.6%had sexual partners and 61.4% had had normal deliveries. The respective median knowledge score, interquartilerange and mean knowledge score and range for cervical cancer vs. HPV vs. cervical cancer prevention were:11.00, 5.0, 10.14 (95%CI 9.6, 10.7), 0-15 vs. 4.00, 2.0, 3.58 (95%CI 3.5-4.2), 0-7 vs. 8, 3.00, 7.5 (95%CI 7.1-7.9), 1-11. 66.2% would like to have prophylactic HPV vaccines because they thought that it would prevent HPVinfection (77.3%) or prevent cervical cancer (39.1%), which are major misunderstandings. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Almostall of the registered nurses working at Srinagarind Hospital have a moderate level of knowledge regardingcervical cancer and HPV but there are still some major misunderstandings; thus, educational pamphlets, noticesand hospital announcements would be useful in increasing their knowledge.
cervical cancer,Knowledge,Attitude,Practice
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24686.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24686_ce9454d5a577c4321be78135c9269aa3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Patterns of Cancer Incidence Among the Population of Qatar : A Worldwide Comparative Study
19
24
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cancer is a major public health problem all over the world. Monitoring the evolution of thecancer burden in the State of Qatar is of great value but has never been explored in depth. Aims: The aim of thestudy was to determine the incidence patterns of cancer cases, assess trends during the period 1991 – 2006 andmake comparisons with other countries. <br/><b>Methods</b>: This was a retrospective cohort study based on the Cancerdisease registry of Al Amal Cancer hospital, State of Qatar, from 1991 – 2006. All Qataris and non-Qataris,males and females, who were diagnosed with any type of cancer were included in this study. The diagnosticclassification of definite cancer cases was made according to the International Classification of Disease 10threvision (ICD-10). <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 5,825 cancer cases were registered in Qatar during the period 1991 – 2006with 56.7% in males and 43.3% in females, 35.6% in Qataris and 64.4% in non-Qataris. Incidence rates per100,000 population showed that lung (5.9), lymph node (5.9), bone marrow (4.1) and connective tissue (3.9) werethe top major cancers in men. In women, breast (30.1), genital organs (9), lymph node (6.8), rectum (6.1) andthyroid (5.7) cancers were the leading cancers. There was a sharp rise in the total number of cancer casesduring the period 2002-2006 of 57.1% compared to the period 1991-1996. The incidence rate of cancer casesincreased with increasing age in all cancer types except for breast cancer in women above 65 years old. Duringthe study period, the five most common cancers among women were different from those in men. The incidencerate per 100,000 population of all cancer types in Qatar (63.1) was remarkably lower than the other Middle Eastcountries and the UK. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Cancer is an important public health problem in Qatar, with increase inincidence with age. Incidence rates of all cancers were higher across all age groups of women compared to men.Lung cancer was the most frequent cancer diagnosed in men and breast cancer in women. More epidemiologicalstudies are now required to elucidate the patterns of cancer and related risk factors.
Epidemiology,cancer,Incidence,Lifestyle,Qatar
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24687.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24687_2d549c7d3e8b14f56e44917ccc204c5b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Development of Carcinoid Tumors of the Glandular Stomach and Effects of Eradication in Helicobacter Pylori-Infected Mongolian Gerbils
25
30
EN
The relation between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication and prevention of stomach carcinoid developmenthas hitherto remained unclear. We therefore examined this problem using an Hp-infected and Hp-eradicatedMongolian gerbil (MG) model. Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) lesions (hyperplasia/dysplasia and carcinoid)were histopathologically evaluated in the glandular stomachs of Hp-infected and Hp-eradicated MGs. In addition,serum gastrin levels were analyzed. Hp infection induced significant increase in the development of ECL lesionsin the glandular stomach, as well as serum gastrin levels as compared with non-infected MGs, while Hp eradicationwas associated with significant alleviation. The development of ECL lesions in the glandular stomach stronglycorrelated with titers of anti-Hp antibodies and serum gastrin levels in MGs. In conclusion, Hp infection inducescarcinoid development, and Hp eradication prevents its occurrence in the glandular MG stomach, this beingstrongly linked with reduction in serum gastrin levels.
Stomach carcinoid,Mongolian gerbil,Helicobacter pylori
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24688.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24688_dd6b75c260c6b333a0265ef298142954.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Alcohol Dehydrogenase-2 and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 Genotypes, Alcohol Drinking and the Risk of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Chinese Population
31
35
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To investigate the relationship of alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (ADH2) and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) genotypes as well as alcohol drinking to the susceptibility of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). <br/><b>Methods</b>: A case-control study including 208 cases of HCC and 208 controls matched with sex, age andresidential area was carried out in Taixing city of Jiangsu province, China. Blood samples were collected andtested for ADH2 and ALDH2 genotypes by PCR-RFLP method. <br/><b>Results</b>: There were no significant differencesin the frequency of either ADH2 or ALDH2 genotypes between cases and controls. Compared with no-drinkerspossessing ALDH21*1 genotypes, drinkers with ALDH21*2 or ALDH22*2 genotypes and cumulative amountof alcohol consumption >3 (Kg * years) were at a significantly higher risk of developing HCC (OR=3.30, 95%CI:1.24-8.83). In contrast, there was no significant difference in cancer risk between no-drinkers with ADH21*1and drinkers with ADH2 1*2 or ADH22*2 genotypes. A dose-dependent positive result was found (P=0.044)between cumulative amount of alcohol consumption and the risk of HCC in individuals carrying ALDH21*2 orALDH22*2 genotypes. Drinkers with cumulative amount of alcohol consumption >3 (Kg * years) who possessedboth inactive ALDH2 (ALDH21*2 or ALDH22*2) and inactive ADH (ADH21*2 or ADH22*2) genotypes werenot at a significantly higher risk of HCC (adjusted OR=4.26, 95%CI: 0.63-29.08) compared to no-drinkerspossessing ADH21*1 and ALDH21*1 genotypes. Compared with individuals possessing ALDH21*1, with negativeHBsAg and cumulative amount of alcohol consumption ≤3 (Kg * years), those with ALDH21*2 or ALDH22*2,positive HBsAg, and cumulative amount of alcohol consumption >3 (Kg * years) had a significantly higher riskof HCC (OR=49.71, 95%CI: 5.51–448.96). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: These results revealed that it was not ADH2 but ALDH2polymorphisms that had a significant interaction with heavy alcohol consumption in the development of HCC.This result suggests that to help lower their risk for HCC , persons with ALDH21*2 or ALDH22*2 genotypesshould be encouraged to reduce their consumption of alcoholic beverages.
alcohol,Consumption,Metabolism,HCC,China
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24689.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24689_b24198518fbc2040334ae71309c576b1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Women Undergoing Treatment for Cervical Neoplasia: Prevalence and the Feasibility of Routine Screening
36
38
EN
This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionand the feasibility of routine HIV screening in women undergoing various treatment of cervical neoplasia atChiang Mai University Hospital between October 2004 and October 2006. Four hundred and ninety five womenwere recruited for HIV screening with the opt-out approach performed. In this study, thirty-seven (7.47%)women had a previous diagnosis of HIV infection with a mean duration 4.16 years (range: 1-15 years). Theremaining 458 women consented to have an HIV test. Six women (1.31%) were newly identified as HIVseropositive, giving an overall prevalence of 8.69%. In conclusion, the prevalence of HIV infection in this studywas considerably high and routine HIV screening is feasible because of the high acceptance rate.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus,cervical neoplasia,Screening
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24690.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24690_24da6668cab030830f897dee80acfd05.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma to the Cervical Lymph Node: A Significant Proportion of Cholangiocarcinoma in Thai Patients
39
41
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To determine distribution of the primary site of metastatic adenocarcinoma to the cervical lymphnode in Thai population with histological correlation. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: 72 Thai patients with metastaticadenocarcinoma to the cervical lymph node were retrospectively analyzed. <br/><b>Results</b>: Thyroid gland (papillarycarcinoma) was the commonest source of tumor (41%), followed by lung (25%), bile duct (17%) and breast(7%). Metastatic cholangiocarcinoma typically produced distinct glandular pattern, and frequently involvedthe right supraclavicular lymph node. Brush border of the gland-forming tumor cells was a consistent finding inmetastatic cholangiocarcinoma, with 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Cholangiocarcinomarepresents a significant portion of primary tumor in Thai patients with cervical nodal metastasis. This figuremay hold true for countries where bile duct malignancy is endemic, and may be of clinical usefulness inidentification of primary cancer.
Cervical metastasis,adenocarcinoma,primary tumor,cholangiocarcinoma
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24691.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24691_8ff783dda9b8538b859f9bc3fe53e8b5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Perceptions and Practices of a Pakistani Population Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening
42
44
EN
Cervical cancer is among the three leading causes of cancers among females worldwide. It is also among thethree most common causes of cancer deaths among females, about 80% of which occur in less developed countries.The present cross-sectional knowledge, attitude and practice survey was carried out to determine the perceptionsand practices of a Pakistani female population regarding cervical cancer screening. Through convenient sampling,192 subjects were recruited and administered a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. About 5% of subjectsknew that screening was available for cervical cancer. Only 2.6% of the sample had ever received a Pap test. Themost common reason cited for not having received a Pap test was the lack of information. In conclusion, thePakistani population studied here demonstrated a very low coverage of the Pap test and a poor knowledgeregarding its utility.
Perceptions,cervical cancer,Screening,Pakistan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24692.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24692_d097a668007ee7ac358ba7f94a2e0d1c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Results of Cervical Cone Excision Biopsy in Iran
45
47
EN
Aims: The prevalence of cervical cancer in a developing country, and diagnostic therapeutic value of knifeconization for CIN, indications, cytopathologic results and complications of conization, were evaluated. <br/><b>Methods</b>:This retrospective- descriptive study concerned 44 cases that underwent conization. <br/><b>Results</b>: The age range ofpatients was 18-75 (mean=43), and parity ranges were from 0-10 (mean 4-5), ten cases were post-menopausal.The main indication was inability to visualize the entire T zone (19 cases) that was more prevalent in postmenopausal(5 cases and 14 cases premenopausal). The most common pap smear result was HSIL in 16 casesbefore conization. The most common colposcopic biopsy result was moderate dysplasia in 16 cases. Two caseshad invasive cancer on colposcopic- biopsy: one of them had ASCUS in pap smear result and another oneHSIL. The most common histologic result after conization was mild dysplasia in 23 cases. Four cases had invasivecancer in histology of the cervix with conization. Active hemorrhage occurred in 2 cases and urinary infection in1 case after conization. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Pap smear results in screening of cervical cancer are not reliable andcolposcopy is more acceptable for LSIL and ASCUS. All gynecologist should develop the skill to perform accurateknife conization, because the classical indications for conization continue to be valid, and it has low risk ofcomplications.
Cone biopsy,knife conization,LEEP,dysplasia,CIN,Pap smear
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24693.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24693_7faf9f6545679be213f267ad1215aa16.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Prognostic Value of p53 Expression in Early Stage Cervical Carcinoma Treated by Surgery
48
52
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To evaluate the prognostic significance of p53 protein expression in patients with early stagecervical carcinoma treated by surgery alone in a well-controlled study. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A matched case-control studywas performed in patients with stage Ib-IIa cervical carcinoma who underwent radical hysterectomy with pelviclymphadenectomy. Patients had neither lymph node metastasis nor involvement of the parametrium and surgicalmargins, and did not receive any adjuvant treatment. Cases included 30 patients who had tumor recurrencewithin 5 years after surgery; controls included 60 patients who were disease-free for at least 5 years after surgery.Cases and controls were within 10 years of age, had the same stage and tumor type, and underwent surgery onas close to the same date as possible. The tumor sizes of cases and controls were within 1 cm of each other.Expression of p53 protein was studied by immunohistochemistry. Expression was considered positive when atleast 10% of tumor cells showed nuclear staining. <br/><b>Results</b>: No significant difference of p53 expression wasobserved between the case group and the control group (33% versus 40%). High histologic grade of tumors andlymphovascular space invasion were significantly associated with tumor recurrence in multivariable analysis(p=0.012 and 0.014, respectively). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: In this study, expression of p53 did not correlate with tumorrecurrence. Immunohistochemistry for p53 protein appears to provide no prognostic information in the patientswith early stage cervical cancer treated by surgery.
Uterine cervix,Carcinoma,Recurrence,p53,Radical hysterectomy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24694.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24694_61dbd20aa59b4f9605df612d66396e16.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Estimation of Survival Rates of Breast Cancer Patients - a Hospital-based Study from Mumbai
53
57
EN
Purpose: To estimate the survival rates of breast cancer patients with reference to various factors like age,literacy status, residential status, T-stage and treatment. This is because there are very few studies reportedfrom Indian subcontinent. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Survival rates were obtained by using the actuarial method and lossadjustedsurvival rate method (LAR) for the above factors and the rates were compared. The present studycarried out at the Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), includes newly diagnosed (who were not treated elsewherebefore attending TMH) primary breast cancer patients and having completed the initial treatment. <br/><b>Results</b>:The survival rates, actuarial survival and rates corrected for losses to follow-up (LAR) are presented. It showedthat younger patients (≤50 yrs) had a better 5-year survival ( 81%) than the older patients ( > 50 years), withstatistical significance ( p=0.024). There was no variation in survival with regard to the residential status butliterate patients had a better ( non-significant) survival (77%) than their illiterate counterparts. T3-stage patientshad the worst prognosis showing a 5-year survival of 60% ( p=0.0002). Survival for those treated with surgeryas the only modality and also in combination with other modalities did not show any remarkable differencesexcept for the group that were treated with ‘surgery in combination with chemotherapy’. The 5-year survivalfor those treated with surgery as the only modality was 83%. This study yielded useful information on breastcancer survival, especially in a situation with incomplete follow-up. The method applied (LAR) also clearlydemonstrates the bias in estimates obtained by direct application of the standard actuarial method.
breast cancer,survival rate,LAR,India,T stage,Literacy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24695.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24695_54a3db1de5795f0a17015be8f0828a1a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Endometrial Cancer in Thai Women aged 45 years or Younger
58
62
EN
The aim of this retrospective study was to clarify the clinopathologic profile of endometrial cancers in womenaged 45 years or younger. All patients with histopathologically confirmed endometrial cancer treated atSongklanagarind Hospital from 1996-2005 were included. Of the 51 identified, 40 (78.4%) were in stage I, 7(13.7%) in stage II, and 4 (7.8%) in stage III. The age range was 25-45 years (median 41) with a body mass indexranging from 17.6-44.2 (median 27.2). Eighty one percent reported abnormal vaginal bleeding, and twenty fourpercent polycystic ovaries. Prevalences of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and thyroid disease were 17.7%, 15.7%,and 3.9%, respectively. Seven cases (13.7%) had synchronous ovarian cancer with endometriod adenocarcinomaas the most common histopathological form. Forty patients had well differentiated, 8 moderately differentiatedand 2 poorly differentiated tumors. The 5-year disease-free survival (and 95% CI) and 5-year overall survivalrates were 88.0% (75.1-94.4%) and 87.5% (74.1-94.2%), respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that patientswho had a history of hypertension or lymph node metastasis had a poor prognosis. We conclude that the majorityof women aged 45 years or younger with endometrial cancer were obese and the tumors were most commonly inan early stage and were well differentiated.
Endometrial cancer,young age,risk factor,synchronous tumor,Prognosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24696.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24696_71acabcc318c8114ae247830f06eefe0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Does a Positive Family History Influence the Presentation of Breast Cancer?
63
65
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: An important risk factor for developing breast cancer is a positive family history of breastcancer. In Malaysia, there is no population-based breast screening programme, but the clinical practice guidelinessuggest increased surveillance for those with a positive family history ie mammography for those 40 years oldand above, breast self-examination and clinical breast examination yearly. <br/><b>Objective</b>: To determine if womenwith a family history of breast cancer present with earlier stages of disease.Methodology: From Jan 2001 to Dec2006, 1553 women with breast cancer presenting to the University Malaya, where family history was recorded,were eligible for this study. Women with a first or second degree relative with breast cancer were compared withthose who have no family history with regard to their race, age, stage, size and duration of symptoms. The ChiSquare test of significance was used for analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: Out of 1553 patients, 252 (16.2%) were found to havea relative with breast cancer out of which 174 (11.2%) had at least one affected first degree relative. There wereno significant difference in the incidence of positive family history between the Malays, Chinese and Indians.20% below the age of 40 years old had a positive family history compared with 12.6% in women with no familyhistory. (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in stage at diagnosis between those with and withoutfamily history, ie 24.2% late stages (Stage 3 and 4) in the group with no family history compared with 21.8% inthe group with family history. (p>0.05). The mean size in the group with no family history was 4.4 cm comparedto 4.1 cm in the group with family history. There was a significant difference in screen-detected cancers in thewomen with family history, 10.7% compared with 5.1% of screen-detected cancers in the group without afamily history. However there was no difference in the duration of symptoms between the 2 groups – 25.8% inthe women without a family history presented after 1 year of symptoms compared with 22.4% in the group witha family history (p>0.05). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Having a family history of breast cancer does not appear to have muchimpact on the health-seeking behavior of women. Even though there were more screen detected cancers, thesecomprised only 10% of the group with family history. Public education should target women at risk ie withfamily history to encourage these women to present earlier and to undergo screening for breast cancer.
breast cancer,family history,stage at presentation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24697.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24697_f9ddc54c34abd54c0f4ee0e37614700e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) Analysis of Chromosomal Aberrations in Iranian patients with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Breast Cancer
66
70
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women; however, due to the complexity ofchromosomal changes, limited data are available regarding chromosomal constitution. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:In this study, Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) was used on 16 Iranian patients diagnosed withinvasive ductal breast carcinomas. <br/><b>Results</b>: 12 samples had abnormal CGH results (75%), including 21 types ofchromosomal imbalance. The most prevalent were chromosomal gain of +1q, +17q, +8q and chromosomal lossof -13q. All three cases with DNA loss at chromosome 13q (-13q) had lymph node metastasis. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: CGHis able to detect chromosomal abnormalities which are difficult to identify by conventional cytogenetic techniques.More studies on a larger sample size may help to confirm or rule out any possible correlation between 13qmonosomy and lymph node metastasis, which could result in establishing new strategies for prevention andearly detection of invasive breast tumors.
breast cancer,chromosomal aberrations,comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24698.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24698_8d771137be6e2858fa8c76e8ea4a0cde.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors for Stomach Cancer in Northeast Thailand
71
75
EN
<b>Background:</b> Stomach cancer is not common in Thailand but the life styles of the Thai population are changingto become more Western so that information for planning control programme of stomach cancer is necessary.The highest incidence rates of this neoplasm are found in Eastern Asia, ranging from age-standardized rates of95.5/105 (men) and 40.1/105 (women) in Yamagata, Japan to 4.1/105 (men) and 2.1/105 (women) in Khon Kaen,Northeast of Thailand. In Thailand, the estimated age-standardized incidence rates in 1993, 1996 were 4.9/105,4.1/105 in men and 3.0/105 , 2.6/105 in women. Risk factors for stomach cancer in Thai population are unclear,but possibly include low intake of vegetables and fruits, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking and high intake ofsalt. <br/><b>Objective</b>: To investigate various aspects of dietary factors, smoking, and alcohol drinking in determiningrisk of stomach cancer in Thai population. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A case-control study was conducted in Khon Kaen, Thailandduring 2002-2006, to study the role of these factors in stomach cancer. 101 stomach cancer cases and 202 matchedcontrols (case : control = 1:2) by sex, age (± 3 years) and region were recruited from Srinagarind Hospital andKhon Kaen Regional Hospital, in Khon Kaen Province. All of cases were histologically confirmed. Controls hada variety of diseases, the main ones being disease of the eye. Information on dietary habits, alcohol drinking andsmoking were collected by a structured questionnaire, blood samples were collected for further study. <br/><b>Results</b>:The distribution of the general characteristics by case-control status, the distribution of age and sex were similarin cases and controls. In the final analysis, the factors that found to be higher risk but not statistically significantwere long-term filter cigarette smoking (OR=1.9, 95%CI: 0.85-4.50), long-term alcohol consumption (OR=1.2,95%CI: 0.51-2.60) and low intake of vegetables and fruits (OR=1.2, 95%CI: 0.74-1.96). A high intake of vegetableoil (OR=4.5, 95%CI: 1.00.-20.17) was found to be associated with increased risk, and similar tendencies werenoted for pork oil (OR=1.4, 95%CI: 0.63-3.01) and jeaw prik (mainly chilly with plara broth) (OR=1.2, 95%CI:0 .76- 2.01). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our study confirmed protective effects of a high intake of fruits and vegetables againststomach cancer development and showed a high intake of sauces to increase risk of stomach cancer as in othercountries in Asia.
Case-control,stomach cancer,risk factors,northeast Thailand
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24699.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24699_c3e903e535b14d37ac68edb8986dff39.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Do IL-4 Intron 3 VNTR and IL-6 (-174) G/C Variants Reflect Ethnic Variation? A Comparative Study Between the Global and North Indian Populations
76
80
EN
Variations in the production and activity of cytokines have been reported by several investigators whichinfluence the susceptibility and/or resistance to various infectious agents and cancer. Differences in the cytokineproduction between individuals are often caused by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter orcoding regions of cytokine genes. Although the SNP cytokine gene variations are basically mutations, they aredesignated as polymorphisms, because these changes do not modify the alleles to rare or abnormal variants.The two important cytokine genes IL-4 and IL-6 of 343 unrelated healthy individuals from North India werecompared with the published polymorphism of other populations. It was seen that our population differs fromSouth Indian population as well as from other Caucasian populations except, Taiwanese population at IL-4locus and Spanish and Polish population at the IL-6 gene locus. This study may be helpful for predicting clinicaloutcome of various infectious and immunoregulated disorders as well as explore for risk alleles for variouscancers.
Cytokines,polymorphisms,international comparison
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24700.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24700_68327df378e443a00919373d53b1b982.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Lack of Association Between Helicobacter Pylori and Laryngeal Carcinoma
81
82
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To survey the role of Helicobacter pylori at the tissue level as a cause of squamous cell carcinomaof the larynx. Design:A case-control study. Setting: In an Otolaryngology Ward at an academic university.Subjects: Patients with laryngeal cancer as cases and patients with benign laryngeal lesion as controls. Mainoutcome measure: In all subjects, specimens of laryngeal tissue were examined by rapid urease test whilehistopathologic examination was achieved to detect H. Pylori. <br/><b>Results</b>: Totally, 44 patients (42 men and 2 women)with squamous cell carcinoma of larynx and 30 patients (24 men and 6 women) with benign laryngeal lesions(polyp, nodule, granuloma) were studied, none of which were infected with the bacterium. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Ourresults did not show H. Pylori infection among patients with laryngeal cancer (SCC) or benign laryngeal lesions.
Helicobacter pylori,laryngeal cancer,rapid urease test,histopathologic examination
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24701.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24701_381d0f257379e434f292de81e445cc59.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Major Hepatic Resection for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma without Preoperative Biliary Drainage
83
85
EN
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a rare cancer in western countries but very high incidence in the northeast ofThailand. The only chance to cure is surgical resection. Preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) for improving liverfunction to decrease perioperative morbidity and mortality is claimed to be beneficial. To determine whetherliver resection with hilar resection is a safe procedure in obstructive jaundice patients caused by hilarcholangiocarcinoma, the records of 30 consecutive patients undergoing surgery between May 1999 and May2002 at Srinagarind hospital, Khon Kaen University, were retrospectively analyzed. Two patients died duringhospitalization, an operative mortality of 6.7%. Survival was 33% at 1 year, 12% at 2 years,10% at 3 years and6.7% at 4 years. In our experience, it is safe in most patients with obstructive jaundice due to hilarcholangiocarcinoma to perform liver resection without preoperative biliary drainage (PBD).
Hilar cholangiocellular carcinoma,surgical resection,preoperative biliary drainage
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24702.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24702_1123f6792117d16c790126f6086c2317.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Pathologic Characteristics, Type of Treatment and Follow Up of Patients with Uterine Cervical Carcinoma Referred to the Radiation Oncology Department, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, 1995-2001
86
88
EN
<b>Background:</b> Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is the sixth most common malignant neoplasm in womenworldwide. Early stage diagnosis increases the cure rate of disease. Radiotherapy with or without concurrentchemotherapy is one of the most effective treatment modalities. After radiotherapy, accurate and regular followupresults in early diagnosis and effective treatment of recurrence. <br/><b>Methods</b>: In this retrospective study, weevaluated 346 cases of cervical carcinoma who have been treated with radiotherapy in the Radiation OncologyDepartment of the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini hospital from 1995 to 2001. <br/><b>Results</b>: Age of the studygroup ranged from 26 to 78 (mean=50.5, SD=11). 30.4 percent of patients were early stage and 69.6 percent hadadvanced stage of disease. Some 92.2 percent of cases were squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomasmade up the 6.4 percent . Radical radiotherapy was most frequent radiotherapy setting and adjuvant radiotherapy(post-op) was the second. Most of the patients (43.7 percent) were followed for a short time, and a considerablenumber did not return for follow-up. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: According to our results, patients do not pay enough attentionto disease follow-up. An acceptable training plan, with emphasis on regular follow-up, is recommended.
cervical carcinoma,radiotherapy,Hysterectomy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24703.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24703_1611182b205691d8af6bb719c1a17163.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Preoperative and Postoperative Agreement of Histopathological Findings in Cases of Endometrial Hyperplasia
89
91
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To determine agreement of preoperative and postoperative histopathology of endometrialhyperplasia (EH). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Histopathology of specimens obtained by curettage and hysterectomywithin 1 year was retrospectively compared by a skilled gynecological pathologist. Patients who received hormonetherapy were excluded. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of 79 women with a preoperative diagnosis of EH, only 32 were diagnosed asEH from hysterectomy specimens. There was no endometrial cancer. The agreement between preoperative andpostoperative histology did not achieve statistical significance (Kappa 0.011). Postoperative histopathology wasmore severe than preoperative diagnosis in 5 (6.3%) patients, including 3 preoperative diagnoses of simplehyperplasia without atypia, 1 simple hyperplasia with atypia, and 1 complex hyperplasia without atypia.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: For EH diagnosed by curettage, we can be sure of the diagnosis. However, 6.3% had more severehistology from hysterectomy specimens. Thus, repeated curettage or other investigations should be reconsideredin women with recurrent bleeding.
Endometrial hyperplasia,Curettage,Hysterectomy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24704.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24704_42a93cca8fd184863dfc45a4b500cee5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Interobserver Reproducibility with LiquiPrepTM Liquid-based Cervical Cytology Screening in a Developing Country
92
96
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: A modified liquid-based techniques known as the “LiquiPrepTM (LP) system” requires neitherexpensive equipment nor complicated specimen preparation. The aim of this study was to assess the applicabilityof the LP for use in a developing country. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Cervical cytology specimens were collected from 777 women,using the Cervex-BrushTM. The brush was first smeared on a glass side for conventional Papanicolaou (CP)stain, and then immersed in preservation fluid for LP preparation. Cytologic interpretations were classified intofour categories: 1) no atypical cells, 2) atypical squamous epithelial cells (ASC), 3) definite epithelial cellabnormality, and 4) unsatisfactory specimen. Interobserver variability was tested using weighted kappa statistics.<br/><b>Results</b>: An LP specimen cost $9 per case compared to $3 per case for a conventional Pap smear. The time tolearn the technique was only a few days. Forty six (5.92%) specimens by LP were unsatisfactory. The overallagreement between cytopathologists was 96.7% (weighted κ=0.62), with 95.6% (weighted κ=0.44) for the casesenrolled earlier, increasing to 97.9% (weighted κ=0.78) for the cases enrolled later. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In summary,after a short learning curve, interobserver reproducibility of LP smear was near perfect. This feature of the LP,together with the relatively low cost and simple protocol, makes it quite suitable for cervical cytology screeningin developing countries. Moreover, with this technique, some of each sample can be reserved for additionalstudies such as HPV detection and subtyping.
Liquid-based cytology,cervical cancer screening,LiquiPrepTM,Papanicolaou
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24705.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24705_52114ba4e84abd3ec4a0cd0b91be76d6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Trends in Cancer Incidence in Esophagus, Stomach, Colon, Rectum and Liver in Males in India
97
100
EN
Time trends in cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum and liver cancers among the male populationin five Indian urban population based cancer registries (Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, and Bhopal) wereexamined over the period of the last two decades. The model applied fits data to the logarithm of Y=ABx. ThisLinear Regression method showed decreasing trends in age-adjusted incidence rates for cancers of the stomachand esophagus, especially in Bjopal, and increasing trends for colon and rectum and liver, throughout the entireperiod of observation in most of the registries. The five cancers together constitute more than 80% of the totalgastro intestinal cancers and are serious diseases in both sexes. To understand the etiology of these cancers indepth, analytic epidemiological studies should be planned in the near future on a priority basis.
Trends,oesophagus,stomach,Liver,Colon
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24706.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24706_4aca43047896f5a841d1e0f624f28260.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Mutations of KRAS and TP53 in a Minor Proportion of Opisthorchis Viverrini-Associated Cholangiocarcinomas in a Hamster Model
101
106
EN
Background/Aims KRAS oncogene and TP53 tumor suppressor gene have been known as common genesinvolving in many cancers including cholangiocarcinoma (CCC). Activation of these genes could lead touncontrolled proliferation and cancer ultimately. The aim of this study was to investigate mutation of KRASexon 1 and TP53 exon 5-8 in Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)-induced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in a hamster model.<br/><b>Methods</b>: Twenty-seven CCAs were obtained from Syrian golden hamsters induced by OV infection and Nnitrosodimethylnitrosamine(N-NDDM) administration. The tumor tissues were processed for histopathology.Genomic DNA extracted from paraffin sections by microdissection was amplified for KRAS exon 1 and TP53exon 5-8 mutations by PCR-direct sequencing. Results Histopathologically, the tumors were classified into tubular(81.5%, 22/27), papillary (3.7%, 1/27), mucinous (3.7%, 1/27) and mixed types (11.1%, 3/27). Of the 27 CCAs,PCR-direct sequencing of KRAS showed G‡A transition at codon 37 exon 1 in one CCA sample (3.70%). Pointmutations of p53 exon 6 (G‡C transversion at codon 119 and 218 and A‡C transversion at codon 217) werefound in 3 CCA samples (11.1%). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results suggest that mutation of TP53 particularly at exon 6may be involved in cholangiocarcinogenesis and a novel mutation of KRAS exon 1 was firstly reported in OVinducedhamster CCA.
cholangiocarcinoma,hamster,Mutation,KRAS,Tp53,Opisthorchis viverrini
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24707.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24707_ba64ece94cb5da80b89a1115d860c180.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Cost - Effectiveness of Pap Smears in Kermanshah, Iran
107
110
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To determine the incidence of pre invasive and invasive cervical lesions and also cost- effectivenessof Pap smears in Kermanshah, Iran (2004-2007). <br/><b>Methods</b>: A descriptive, cross sectional study was performedbetween March 2004-March 2007 with all cytological smears analyzed according to the Bethesda II system.Efficacy was estimated as the ratio of HSIL and invasive carcinomas detected to all Pap smears. Data wereanalyzed with SPSS software and mean±SD for cost in each age. <br/><b>Results</b>: 148,472 smears were analyzed ofwhich 99.7 % were negative, only 0.3% having cytological abnormalities. ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL and carcinomapositive rates were 205.4, 73.4, 21.6 and 5.4 per 100,000 Pap smears respectively. The incidence of HSIL andcarcinoma in total was 26.9 per 100,000 women. Before age 35 there were no such lesions so that the effectivenessof Pap smear before age 35 was zero. The cost for one smear was 5 Euros and the cost for detection per HSIL orcarcinoma was 18,559 Euros. The mean age of women for HSIL was 52.0±10.7 and for carcinoma 48.1±1.81years. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Since no HSIL or carcinomas were detected before age 35, and since for changing one LSILto HSIL or carcinoma should take more than 5 years , the results of this study suggest that Pap smears before 35years old is not effective and we suggest commencement of Pap smear in Iran from age 30.
Cervical carcinoma - HSIL - pap smear - cost –,Effectiveness
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24708.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24708_0471e00ea2aab569ddadbfe2103ffeb4.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Serum Concentrations of Fatty Acids and Colorectal Adenoma Risk: A Case-Control Study in Japan
111
118
EN
<b>Background:</b> Epidemiologic studies of n-3 fatty acids (FAs) and risk of colorectal cancer have generatedinconsistent results, and relations with precursor colorectal adenomas (CRA) have not been evaluated in detail.We here focused on possible associations of serum FAs with CRA in the Japanese population. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Weconducted a case-control study of 203 asymptomatic CRA cases (148 men, 55 women) and 179 healthy controls(67 men, 112 women) during 1997-2003 in Nagoya, Japan. Baseline information was obtained using a lifestylequestionnaire and serum FA levels were measured by gas chromatography. <br/><b>Results</b>: A non-significant inverseassociation with CRA was observed for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) among women. Moreover, the concentrationsof docosahexaenoeic acid (DHA), a major component of n-3 highly-unsaturated FAs (HUFAs), were significantlylower in cases in both sexes. In addition, serum concentrations of total FAs, saturated FAs (SFAs) and monounsaturatedFAs (MUFAs) had strong positive links with CRA risk. In contrast, arachidonic acid (AA) andDHA were inversely related, with 66% and 59% risk reduction, respectively. Ratios of SFAs/n-3 PUFAs andSFAs/n-3 HUFAs exhibited significant positive relations with CRA risk but there was no clear link with n-6PUFAs/n-3 PUFAs. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings suggest a promoting influence of SFAs and MUFAs along with aprotective effect of DHA on CRA risk. However, further research is needed to investigate the observed discrepancywith the generally accepted roles of the AA cascade in carcinogenesis.
Colorectal adenomas - fatty acids –,biomarkers - serum concentrations
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24709.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24709_bc20e2f833311109e71e930b5df16ebe.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Trends in Cancer Incidence in Female Breast, Cervix Uteri, Corpus Uteri, and Ovary in India
119
122
EN
Trends in breast, cervix uteri, corpus uteri and ovarian cancers in six population based cancer registries(Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Bhopal, and Barshi) were evaluated over a period of the last two decades.For studying trends we used a model that fits this data is the logarithm of Y=ABx which represents a LinearRegression model. This approach showed a decreasing trend for cancer of the cervix and increasing trends forcancers of breast, ovary and corpus uteri throughout the entire period of observation in most of the registries.The four cancers, breast, cervix, corpus uteri and ovary, constitute more than 50% of total cancers in women.As all these cancers are increasing, to understand their etiology in depth, analytic epidemiology studies shouldbe planned in a near future on a priority basis.
Trends,Breast,Cervix,Corpus uteri,Ovary
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24710.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24710_c55e1aad7707576faa06d028911988ea.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Colorectal Cancer in Iran: an Epidemiological Study
123
126
EN
<b>Background:</b> Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. But informationregarding CRC in Iran is limited; the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic features of CRC inIran, using 5-year data from cancer registry. <br/><b>Methods</b>: This survey is a descriptive-analytic study consists of1138 colorectal cancer patients who registered in Cancer Registry Center of Research Center for Gastroenterologyand Liver Disease, Tehran, Iran. These data gathered using interview and pathology reports that registered incancer registry forms. Data analysis was performed with descriptive and univariate methods. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of 1138patients, 696 cases were male and 442 female. There was no significant difference between males and femalesregarding age at diagnosis. 400 patients (35.1%) had a family history of cancer. The most common histologytype of tumor was adenocarcinoma, NOS. In most cases (39.1%) tumor grading was well differentiated andthere was no significant difference between males and females. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Colorectal cancer is a disease withnonspecific symptoms. Family history of cancer was evident in 35.1% of our cases and also 42.9% of patientswere below the age of 50 years old, suggests that genetic factors may be play an important role in the developmentof this disease in our country.
colorectal cancer,epidemiologic study,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24711.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24711_5f357626ed7e8a89766014bc691d397c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Does TAL-1 Deletion Contribute to the High Incidence of T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in South Indian Patients?
127
130
EN
<b>Background:</b> The incidence of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in South India is very high(43.1%) when compared to the Western countries (10-20%). TAL-1 deletion is the most common geneticabnormality in T-ALL. <br/><b>Objectives</b>: The present study was aimed to detect the incidence of type 1 and type 2TAL-1 deletions and assess whether they might contribute to the high incidence of T-ALL in South India. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: 45 cases of T-ALL (pediatric-32, adolescents-7 and young adults-6) were studied by DNA-PCRand sequencing. Age of the patients ranged from 3 yrs to 29 yrs (median age 14 yrs). <br/><b>Results</b>: TAL-1 deletiontype 1 was detected in 6 (13.3%) cases (3 pediatric and 3 adolescents) and all were males. TAL-1 deletion type 2was not present. Comparing the clinical features and immunological marker analysis of TAL-1 deletion positiveand negative cases did not show any significant differences except in the WBC count, which was significantlyhigher in cases showing TAL-1 deletion (>100 x 109/L, p value= 0.003). All the positive cases of TAL-1 deletionwere confirmed by sequencing, the results showing that the fusion region at SIL gene and TAL-1 gene containedan average ‘N region’ insertion of 7.8 nucleotides. The numbers of nucleotides deleted at the 5’ end and 3’ end ofTAL-1 gene were averages of 3 and 1, respectively. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Though the incidence of T-ALL is high in SouthIndia, the frequency of TAL-1 deletion and their fusion gene sequences are not unique and are similar to thosereported in other ethnic and geographic populations. Hence the present study indicates that TAL-1 deletionalone does not contribute to the high incidence of T-ALL in South Indian patients.
TAL-1 deletions,DNA-PCR,sequencing,fusion region
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24712.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24712_9cdc24ce5bb72b0923996c8ba6efde0c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Pituitary Toxicity but Lack of Rat Colon Carcinogenicity of a DC-Magnetic Field in a Medium-Term Bioassay
131
140
EN
The present study was designated to evaluate the effect of direct current induced permanent magnetic field(DC-MF) on chemically induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Five experimental groups of male S.D. rats wereinjected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) subcutaneously, 20 mg/kg b.wt., once a week for four weeks, withexposure to 1 mT DC-MF (12 hours/day) as follows: Before (pre) the carcinogen administration (group 1),simultaneously (group 2), after (post) the carcinogen administration (group 3) and daily from the beginning tothe end of the experiment after 12 weeks (group 4). Rats of group 5 served as carcinogen-only treated controlswhile those of group 6 were non-treated controls. There were no differences in the incidences and multiplicitiesof colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF), putative preneoplastic lesions, among all groups except that large foci ingroup 1 were significantly fewer in numbers than those found in group 5. Proliferating cell nuclear antigenlabeling indexes (PCNA-LI) in the colon epithelium were essentially the same in MF-treated and control rats.Histopathological examination showed evident hemorrhage in the pituitary glands of some rats of groups 1-3,and in most rats of group 4. Transmission electron microscopy also revealed ultrastructural changes, but DNAploidy analysis revealed no carcinogenicity to MF-exposed pituitary glands. Serum levels of AST, ALT, totalprotein, creatinine, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio and growth hormone levels did not change among thegroups. The present study revealed that the action of an artificial MF on rats is not carcinogenic/or cancerpromoting,at least in the present protocol for colon carcinogenesis.
DC magnetic field,rat colon carcinogenesis,ACF,Pituitary Gland,TEM,DNA ploidy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24713.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24713_5d1fbf37bc2b20e79a7994a4da4f98e3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Trends in the Prostate Cancer Incidence in India
141
144
EN
Trends in prostate cancer in five population-based cancer Registries (Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Delhi &Bhopal) in India were studied over a period of two decades using a model that fitting the data as the logarithmof Y=ABx which represents a Linear Regression model. This approach showed increasing trends in the ageadjusted incidence rates throughout the entire period of observation for most of the registries, especially inChennai and Bhopal and to the least extent in Mumbai. Particularly in Asia we face a future major increase inthe rates of prostate cancer. Collaborative action now is a high priority to allow the preparations necessary foreffective control of prostate cancer.
Trends,Prostate Cancer,Incidence
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24714.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24714_819b8b5a232ae988ef6614c813bef46b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
An Epidemiological Analysis of Cancer Data in an Iranian Hospital during the Last Three Decades
145
150
EN
Cancer is the third leading cause of death in Iranian population. Descriptive epidemiology provides a betterunderstanding of the etiology of cancer and the development strategies. The objective of this study was tocollect analysis of data and discuss certain epidemiologic features of neoplasm using data from hospital. Recordsof 14,540 patients diagnosed for cancer during the time period 1973-2003, who were referred to the departmentof radiation oncology were studied. The tumors were coded and classified according to the InternationalClassification of Diseases 10th revision and ICD-O. SPSS version 10 was used for statistical analysis. In thisstudy the frequency distribution of cancer patients were computed by age of diagnosis, gender, and anatomicalsites. There were 8,178 male patients (56%) and 6,365 females (44%) with a male female ratio of 1.29. Meanage was 44.5±21.6 with a median of 47 years. The mean age of diagnosis for females (43.8.±.19.7) was significantlylower than that of males (45.0±23.1) (P<0.05). The ten most frequent cancer sites among patients were breast(13.6%), brain &CNS (13.6%), skin(13.5%), haemapoitic system(9.7%), lymphoid (7.1%), esophagus (7.1%),colon & rectum (4%), male genital organs (1.3%), bladder (1.3%), lung (1.2%), and stomach (1%). Theseaccounted for 81% of all cases. It was found that 41% of women’s cancers were in the breast, female genitalorgans compared to 7.3%in male genital organs and breast. All tumors except the breast, female genital organs,thyroid, gallbladder and kidney cancers, were more frequent in males compared to women. The frequency ofpatients with cancers increased with age in both sexes. Overall 53% of cases were between 40-63 years of age.For those aged 54 and below the male to female ratio was 0.99, while after this age the ratio rose to 1.61. About16.6% of tumors occurred in children aged 15 years or younger. More than four fifths (81%) of patients withcancer of haematopoeitic system were under age of 15 years. In conclusion, the results of this study present animportant epidemiological understanding of patients with tumors. It emphasizes that gender plays an importantrole in the frequency of primary tumors, and how much the sex ratio varies with some types of tumors. We alsonoted that certain tumor types show a prediction for certain decades of life in our series.
cancer,Descriptive epidemiology,hospital registry
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24715.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24715_ff69672cad50bd17b1fd624f4cbc0aae.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Chromosomal Breakage in the Myelodysplastic Syndrome
151
154
EN
The myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) represents a group of clonal hematological disorders characterizedby progressive cytopenia reflecting defects in erythroid, myeloid and mega karyocytic maturation. The incidenceof MDS is greter in older age groups. Detailed studies on MDS from India are not available. Cytogenetic studyusing GTG-banding and FISH revealed 54.5% clonal chromosomal abnormalities. We have carried outchromosomal breakage study from peripheral blood cultures induced with mitomycin C, in karyotypicallynormal MDS (49) and 15 (30.6%) showed significant (p < 0.001) increase in chromosome damage compared tocontrols. Among 22 occupationally exposed MDS, 6 (27.3%) showed a high frequency of chromosome breakagewhile in the non-exposure (n=27) group, high chromosome breakage was noted in 9 (33.3% ) MDS patients.Our results suggest that the high chromosome damage may be due to acquired Fanconi anemia which leads tomultiple defects in chromosomes and clonal chromosome anomalies.
Myelodysplastic syndrome,chromosome aberrations,breakage,Fanconi anemia,OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24716.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24716_5e89c4604bdc8c71b9ae7c2ba1dd45ad.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Beliefs and Perceptions about Cancers among Patients Attending Radiotherapy OPD in Delhi, India
155
158
EN
The prevalence of beliefs and myths amongst cancer patients is a reflection of the level of knowledge in thecommunity regarding cancer. Such beliefs influence the health seeking behaviour of patients and may lead todelay in seeking medical care. The present study revealed that myths and misconceptions are widely prevalentamong cancer patients in India. The perception regarding causation of cancer among cancer patients variedfrom curses, evil eye and spirits to past sins. Only one third of the patients believed that cancer can be detectedin its early stages and that it can be cured. The average time taken by patients to report to a doctor aftersuspecting their disease was 2 years. The majority of patients held fatalistic views about the outcome of cancer.Most (60%) were being discriminated against by their family and society. All these findings highlight that despiteconsiderable medical knowledge of risk factors and treatment modalities, possible social-behavioral strategiesfor the prevention and control of cancer have not been adequately addressed, especially among South Asianpatients.
cancer,beliefs,misconceptions,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24717.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24717_29e9c1a5ac1207ae2edeab33a1f065cb.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
9
1
2008
01
01
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and Colon Cancer in a 10-Year-Old Girl: Implications for When and How to Start Screening?
159
161
EN
The Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is characterized by hamartomatous polyposis of the gastro-intestinal(GI) tract, with mucocutaneous pigmentation. We have experienced a case of a 10-year-old girl who presentedwith PJS, intussusception, colonic perforation and colonic adenocarcinoma. Finally, this case developed airwayobstruction from the mediastinal mass. In order to prevent cancer and short bowel syndrome, aggressive screeningis recommended.
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome,Colon cancer,Screening
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24718.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24718_1e1df6fc3a1269f4b4900a5639975ca3.pdf