West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Potential Role of the Alcohol and Smoking in the Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head And Neck: Review of the Current Literature and New Perspectives
339
344
EN
Alcohol and tobacco are responsible for a very large proportion of chronic disease and some tumors inparticular may be the result of interactions between the two risk factors. The present systematic literature reviewwas conducted to judge combined effects of alcohol drinking and tobacco, as well as and genetic polymorphismson alcohol-related cancer risk. We can conclude that the interaction of smoking and alcohol significantly increasesthe risk for aero-digestive cancers. Unfortunately, little is known about mechanisms and details of interactionwith regard to disease outcomes, which is why particular questions must be targeted in future research efforts.
alcohol consumption,tobacco smoking,cancer,head and neck,factor interactions
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25521.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25521_7364ab47d0998b6dc1d23d25cab3f2a7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Improvement in Survival of Breast Cancer Patients - Trends in Survival over Two Time Periods in a Single Institution in an Asia Pacific Country, Malaysia
345
349
EN
<b>Background:</b> There is improvement in breast cancer survival in the developed world, but information on breastcancer survival trends in the Asia Pacific region is limited. The aim of the study was to evaluate survival trendsand factors that affect survival in Malaysia. Methods : Two prospective groups of 423 and 965 newly diagnosedbreast cancer patients in University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia diagnosed in two timeperiods ie. 1993 to 1997 and in 1998 to 2002 were studied. Vital status was obtained from the National Registryof Births and Deaths. The overall survival was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of death fromany cause. The survival differences between the two groups were analysed using the log-rank or Peto-Wilcoxonmethod. Survival estimates and independent prognostic factors were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method andmultivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard models. P values less than 0.05 were considered statisticallysignificant. Analyses were performed using SPlus 2000 Professional Release 2. Results and Discussion : Medianfollow-up for the two groups were 55 months (SD 29.2 months) in the first group and 52 months(SD 24.43) inthe second group. There was improvement in 5-year observed survival from 58.4% (CI 0.54-0.63) to 75.7% (CI0.73-0.79). The improvement in survival was significantly seen in all co-variates (p<0.05) except for those aged 40years and below(p= 0.27), tumour size 2 to 5 cm (p=0.11), grade 3 (p=0.32) and patients with Stage IV disease(p=0.80). Stage of disease, lymph node (LN) involvement, size and grade were identified as independent prognosticfactors in cohort one. For the second cohort; stage and LN involvement remained independent factors with theaddition of ER status and ethnicity. Conclusions : There was improvement in 5-year observed survival. Besidesknown prognostic factors, Malay ethnicity was an independent prognostic factor.
breast cancer,Malaysia,survival,Prognostic factors
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25522.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25522_185438795d9b18d7309e722435e47db2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Microvessel Density in Follicular Cysts, Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumours and Ameloblastomas
351
356
EN
Purpose: Multicystic ameloblastoma is a benign epithelial odontogenic tumor that exhibits a more aggressivebehavior than follicular cyst and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT). The aim of this study was to perform animmunohistochemical evaluation of the mean microvessel density (MVD) effect on clinical behavior of odontogeniclesions and to determine whether peritumoral or intratumoral MVD has a more prominent role in clinicalbehavior of odontogenic lesions. <br/><b>Methods</b>: In a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, 45 paraffin blocks ofmentioned lesions were selected and stained immunohistochemically with CD34. Mean MVD, peritumoral andintratumoral MVD for each odontogenic lesion was investigated and compared with each other. ANOVA andKruskal Wallis were used for the statistical analysis of the results.<br/><b>Results</b>:Mean MVD was 40.8±15.9, 25.3±5.4,and 9.4±3.52 in ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumor , and follicular cyst, respectively. Mean MVDdifference between the above mentioned lesions was statistically significant. (p<0.001) In all the odontogeniclesions, Intratumoral MVD was higher than peritumoral (pericystic) areas. (p=0.001) <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: There wasan increase of mean MVD in multicystic ameloblastoma in comparison to keratocystic odontogenic tumorand follicular cyst and it may be concluded as one of the main factors in multicystic ameloblastoma aggressivebehavior. Intratumoral (intracystic MVD) has a more prominent role in growth and clinical behavior of mentionedodontogenic lesions. This supports the hypothesis that the early stages of growth and development of follicularcyst, KCOT and multicystic ameloblastoma may share some similarities regarding angiogenesis.
Follicular cyst,Keratocystic odontogenic tumor,Ameloblastoma,immunohistochemistry,CD34
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25523.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25523_30f854fdd891ae2c49aabf6357a6267b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
A Case-control Study of Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in Mumbai, India
357
362
EN
In the year 2010, it is estimated that nearly 1.35 million new cases and 1.18 million deaths with lung canceroccurred. In India, among males, lung cancer rates vary across the country which has encouraged us to conduct acase-control study to study the risk factors. The present unmatched hospital-based case-control study conductedat Tata Memorial Hospital included subjects registered between the years 1997-99. There were 408 lung ‘cancercases’ and 1383 ‘normal controls. Data on age, tobacco habits, occupational history, dietary factors, tea, coffeewere collected by the social investigators. Univariate and regression analysis were applied for obtaining theodds ratio for risk factors. In the study, cigarette smoking (OR=5.2) and bidi smoking (OR=8.3), as well asalcohol consumption (OR=1.8), demonstrated dose-response relationships with lung cancer risk. Among thedietary items, only red-meat consumption showed 2.2-fold significant excess risk. Consumption of milk showeda 60% reduction in risk; while coffee showed a 2-fold excess risk for lung cancer. In addition, exposure to useof pesticides showed a 2.5-fold significant excess risk for lung cancer.
Lung cancer,risk factors,Case-control study,Tobacco,alcohol,Occupation,Diet,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25524.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25524_3f181431c2da47ae03ead3f9dc55b8ef.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Prognostic Factors in Patients with Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms in a Brazilian Population
363
368
EN
Due to the difficulty of follow-up for long periods, information about the survival rates of malignantsalivary gland tumors is deficient in the global scientific literature. This study was aimed at investigating theepidemiological profile and prognostic factors that might affect survival in patients with primary malignantsalivary gland tumors in Brazil. Patients were investigated regarding histopathological subtypes, age, gender,anatomic localization, smoking and alcohol intake, tumor size, clinical stage, histological grade, recurrence,metastasis, and treatment on clinicopathological outcomes. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the log rank test and Coxregression, respectively. A total of 63 cases were analyzed, females beingslightly predominant (50.8%), with agesranging from 13 to 87 years. The most common diagnosis was adenoid cystic carcinoma and the most affectedanatomical location was the parotid. Tumors were predominantly classified as stage I and high-grade at thediagnosis. The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 84.6% and 74.7%, respectively. Disease-free survival(DFS) rates were 71.6% (5 years) and 56.6% (10 years). Univariate analysis showed significant effects of tumorsize and clinical stage on the DFS (P < 0.0001 for both), and Cox regression analysis confirmed clinical stage as anindependent prognostic factor (P = 0.035). Our results highlight the relevance of clinical stage as an independentprognostic parameter for malignant salivary gland tumors.
Salivary gland neoplasms,disease-free survival,Prognostic factors
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25525.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25525_f13c0fc251e56ce85739b082bc8e6583.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Is Breast Self Examination (BSE) Still Relevant? A Study on BSE Performance among Female Staff of University of Malaya
369
372
EN
<br/><b>Objectives</b>: This study aimed to determine the rate of breast self examination (BSE) among the female staffof University of Malaya and to determine the role of BSE in detecting breast abnormalities. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of1598 questionnaires were posted to all female staff, aged 35 years and above. Their knowledge on breast cancer,practice of BSE and detection rate of breast abnormality as confirmed by CBE was determined. <br/><b>Results</b>: Theresponse rate for this study was 45 percent (714 respondents). The rate of respondents having awareness onbreast cancer was 98.7 percent. Eighty four percent (598) of the respondents had performed BSE in their lifetime.However, in only 41% was it regular at the recommended time. Forty seven percent (334) had undergone CBEat least once in a lifetime but only 26% (185) had CBE at least once in the past 3 years, while 23% (165) hadhad a mammogram. There was a significant relationship between CBE and BSE whereby those who had CBEwere twice more likely to do BSE. Nineteen percent (84 respondents) of those who did BSE claimed they haddetected a breast lump. Of these, 87% (73) had gone for CBE and all were confirmed as such. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: BSEis still relevant as a screening tool of breast cancer since those who detect breast lump by BSE will most probablygo for further check up. CBE should be done to all women, especially those at highest risk of breast cancer, toencourage and train for BSE.
breast cancer,Breast cancer awareness,BSE,CBE,women academics in Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25526.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25526_67965107f086f25acd133ffc8384f106.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Diagnostic Challenges and Role of Immunohistochemistry in Metastatic Liver Disease
373
376
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To evaluate the role of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the diagnosis of metastatic liver disease,with a descriptive, cross-sectional study at the Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology(AFIP), Rawalpindi. Material and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 130 cases of metastatic liver disease were retrieved fromthe tumor registry data. Eosin-haematoxylin stained sections and Immunohistochemistry panels applied toascertain the site of primary tumor were evaluated. The panels of detailed immunohistochemical markers wereapplied. Frequency and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables. Mean and standard deviationswere calculated for quantitative variables <br/><b>Results</b>: Males were 87 (67%) and were females 43 (33.07%). Themost common site of primary was in GIT (45%), followed by neuroendocrine carcinoma and gall bladder. Theother less common sites were lung, breast, ovary and thyroid. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: There is no specific singular panelof immunohistochemistry markers which can be used in all cases of metastatic liver tumors. The best use andselection of IHC markers depend upon morphological features, clinical history and results of other relevantinvestigations.
Diagnostic approach,Gastrointestinal malignancies,immunohistochemistry,metastatic liver disease
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25527.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25527_12c2e96a2f3c1150353d1f049e5b0d98.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Expression of Xenobiotic Metabolizing Genes in Head and Neck Cancer Tissues
377
382
EN
<b>Background:</b> Xenobiotic metabolizing genes are involved in detoxification of carcinogens. Expression ofthese enzymes may be one of the reasons for interindividual differences in head and neck cancer risks. The aimof current study was first to evaluate the expression of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 and second toobserve its relationship with stages of head and neck cancer in Pakistani population. Methodology: Fresh biopsytissues were taken from oncology institutional hospitals. Semi quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerasechain reaction was used to investigate CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 expression in 49 head and neckcancer tumor tissue and 49 normal healthy tissues. Statistical analysis was performed to explore its associationwith head and neck cancer risk. <br/><b>Results</b>: The current study revealed that the CYP1A1 mRNA expression wasmarkedly reduced in tissues of head and neck carcinoma compared to adjacent normal tissue (OR 4.5, CI 1.5-13.4). CYP1A1 expression was downregulated in 62.5% tissues of stage 1, 72.7% tissues of stage 2, 60% tissuesof stage 3 and 100% tissues of stage 4. Undetectable or partial loss of expression of GSTM1 and GSTT1 mRNAwas also observed at a higher rate in head and neck cancer tissue compared to control (OR 4.5, CI 1.5- 13.4 andOR 3.2, CI 1.1- 9.6 respectively). GSTM1 and GSTT1 expression was also downregulated in stage wise pattern;stage 1 had 50% and 12.5% tissues showing down regulation of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes respectively, bothGSTM1 and GSTT1 had 55% tissues with down regulation in stage 2, similarly stage 3 had 60% tissues showingdown regulation of these genes and stage 4 had 86% and 71% tumors. GSTP1 mRNA expression was significantlyhigher in cancer tissue as in control tissue (OR 4.2, CI 1.2- 15.3). GSTP1 over expression also revealed relatedto stages with 36.4%, 60% and 71% tumor of stage 2, 3 and 4 respectively. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our results revealedthat CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 are downregulated in the head and neck cancer progression while GSTP1 isupregulated. These down regulations and up regulation were more marked in advanced stages of head and neckcancer. Therefore, CYP and GST expression may be an important mechanism involved in the carcinogenesisbut the underlying mechanisms leading to such regulations in expression deserve further investigations.
GSTM1,GSTT1,GSTP1,CYP1A1,Expression,mRNA,Head and neck cancers
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25528.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25528_9675dadff8e36af218ac0429a92be25b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Preliminary Data about Female Malignant Breast Tumours in Cambodia
383
385
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women and the most frequent cause of cancerdeath in women in both developing and developed countries. However, little is known about the situation inCambodian women living in Cambodia. <br/><b>Objectives</b>: To describe the different histological types of invasive breastcancer, their frequency, grade and stage and their surgical management in Cambodia. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Aretrospective study of female breast primary invasive malignant lesions processed during 2003 and 2004 in thepathology laboratory of the ‘Institut Pasteur du Cambodge’, in Phnom Penh, was carried out with conventionalhistology techniques. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 102 patients were included, with an average age of 47. Most specimenswere tumour excisions or mastectomies. Tumours were generally large (37.5 % at least T3), distributed intocarcinomas (94.2 %), phyllodes tumours (3.9 %) and lymphomas (1.9 %). Most cases of carcinoma presented withhistological grade III (76.6%) and were invasive ductal (82.3%) or medullary (11.4%) in type. Lymphadenectomywas not systematic but nodal metastases were observed in 26 of 31 (83.9%). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Late diagnosis ofthe disease is due to absence of systematic breast cancer screening and awareness. Apparent rarity of lobularcarcinoma and over frequency of medullary carcinoma and phyllodes tumours should be confirmed on a largerseries of patients using immunohistochemistry. Its use for other markers to help oncologists to decide whetheranti-hormone treatment is indicated is also recommended, together with more standardized surgery.
Breast,Malignant tumours,Carcinoma,phyllodes tumours,Cambodia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25529.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25529_9c564f54f6708403b63c75682d611c7f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Risk of Cancer Development in India
387
391
EN
Incidence as a measure of risk for development of cancer is a well accepted epidemiological concept whichcan be precisely defined. The present communication documents an estimate of the current probability ofdevelopment of cancer for specific age groups as well as for entire life time risk at the India country level forseveral cancers and “all sites together”. The published data on age specific cancer incidence rates from 12population based registries located at various parts of the country along with the abridged life tables relating tothe Indian population formed the basic material for computation. Employing life table methodology for estimates,the current probability (*100) of developing cancer of all sites from 35-64 years is 4.67% in males and 6.55%in females while life time risk was found to be 9.05% and 10.2% respectively. The greater risk in females wasmainly due to the high risk of development of cancer of the uterine cervix and breast. When the age-period of35 to 70+ years were considered, the probability percentage was found to be 9.94 % in males whereas it was11.6% in females. According to these estimates 1 in 10 men and 1 in 8 women in India can expect develop cancerof any form, in their life span after the age of 35 years. The probability of developing tobacco related cancersfrom 35 to 70+ years was found to be 4.75% and 2.16% in males and females respectively. Estimation in termsof probability will be useful in evaluating the changes in the disease spectrum as a result of change in mortalityexperience and population structure over a period of time.
probability,Life table,Cancer risk,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25530.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25530_0da1779b5a185dec8973b434573236b1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Establishment of a Fluorescent Implantation Metastasis Model of Bladder Cancer and Real-time Microscopic Detection in Nude Mice
393
396
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To establish a fluorescent implantation metastasis model of bladder carcinoma with high metastaticpotential in nude mice and observe development and metastasis. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Human bladder cancer EJ cells withhigh invasive ability were screened and transfected with GFP plasmid to screen stable enhanced GFP-expressingclones instilled into the bladders of nude mice. Subsequent growth, invasion, and metastasis of the implantedtumors were observed and evaluated with a whole-body fluorescence optical imaging system. <br/><b>Results</b>: Thetransfected bladder cancer EJ cells stably and efficiently expressed EGFP. The growth, invasion and metastasisof the implant bladder tumor were readily observed and accurately evaluated by fluorescent microscopy. Inthe bladders of nude mice, the rates of EGFP expression detected by flow cytometry at weeks 1-4 were 22.6%,46.7%, 62.3% and 72.7%, respectively, with clear increase over time. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: GFP-labeled bladder cancerEJ cells display green fluorescence under fluorescent microscopy and show stable GFP expression. The model willprovide a simple and reliable means for studying the mechanism of implantation metastasis of human bladdercancers in vivo.
urinary bladder,implantation metastasis,animal model,Green fluorescent protein (GFP)
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25531.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25531_abf808e1c3f13afe1d7673471f4769ea.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
RNA Interference of Caveolin-1 Via Lentiviral Vector Inhibits Growth of Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma FaDu Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
397
401
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To investigate the effects of caveolin-1 (CAV1) on the growth of hypopharyngeal squamous cellcarcinoma (HSCC) FaDu cells in vitro and in vivo. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A CAV1-RNAi-lentivirus construct was transfectedinto FaDu cells and expression of caveolin-1 was tested by RT-PCR and western blotting analysis. Cell apoptosiswas analyzed by transferase-medisated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Tumor inhibition effects wereinvestigated by injecting rCAV1-RNAi-lentivirus construct into tumors created with FaDu cells in the HSCCmouse model, with the empty-vector lentivirus as a control. CAV1 expression in xenografts was tested by RT-PCRand immunohistochemistry. <br/><b>Results</b>: RT-PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated successful construction ofthe CAV1-RNAi-lentivirus construct producing small hairpin RNA. The average weights and volumes of tumorin mice treated with CAV1-RNAi-lentivirus were lower than in mice with control treatment (P<0.05). RT-PCRrevealed weak positive expression of CAV1 in CAV1-construct–treated xenografts and immunohistochemistryconfirmed lower CAV1 expression than in controls.(P<0.05). In addition, downregulation of CAV1 increased cellapoptosis in vitro. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: The growth of HSCCs could be inhibited by recombinant CAV1-RNAi-lentivirusin vitro and in vivo.
caveolin-1,Lentivirus,RNA interference,Hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25532.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25532_0a924374a35d38387d05121db181885f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Oleanolic Acid from Prunella Vulgaris L. Induces SPC-A-1 Cell Line Apoptosis Via Regulation of Bax, Bad and Bcl-2 Expression
403
408
EN
Prunella vulgaris L. (PV) has been used as a herb for chemoprevention of lung cancer. In this study, themain active compound, oleanolic acid (OA) was isolated from an ethanol extract and its chemical structurewas identified according to the results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high performancethin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrography (LC-MS). Results forcell viability indictated no notable differences between OA and ethanol extract of PV in lung adenocarcinomaSPC-A-1 cells measured by MTT assay. Consistent concentration-response curves. Fluorescence detection withacridine orange-ethidium bromide was used to evaluate apoptosis of SPC-A-1 cells. OA at 16 and 8 μM groupincreased significantly the apoptosis rate compared with normal and 1% DMSO groups (p≤0.05). In addition,immunocytochemistry assays showed increase in Bax and Bad protein expression while Bcl-2 decreased. Moreover,the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was heightened by OA treatment. The results suggest OA induced apoptosis of lungadenocarcinoma cells through down-regulating Bcl-2 expression, and up-regulating Bax and Bad expression.
Prunella vulgaris L,oleanolic acid,Apoptosis,lung adenocarcinoma cells,Bcl-2 family proteins
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25533.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25533_9d8615d97d84464bc80e5b19b02a9083.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Major Cancer Mortality and Changes in Yanting, 2004-2009: Introduction to Cancer Challenges in a High Risk Area
409
413
EN
Yanting County is one of high risk areas of esophageal cancer in China. Recently, the economic level hasimproved to a new standard, but cancer issues have not been updated. This study aimed to describe the maincancer mortalities and change from 2004 to 2009 and provide an evidence base for future active strategies. YantingCancer Research Institute provided all cancer mortality data and age-standardized rates were calculated basedon the world standard population 2000. Annual percentage change was used to estimate the time trend for eachcancer. Mortality from upper gastrointestinal cancers, but not other cancers, was much higher than worldwideaverage figures. Rates for esophageal cancer declined over the 6 years, but lung cancer mortality showed anupward trend. For gastric and liver cancer, no obvious change was observed. Considering the high mortalityfrom upper gastrointestinal cancers, it is necessary to take actions investigating the risk factors and addressingthe issues of prevalent cancer challenges.
High risk area,cancer mortality,Esophageal Cancer,Gastric cancer,Liver cancer,Lung cancer,China
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25534.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25534_69ac785a853f2b3d11919cd887e6ea32.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Malignant Pleural Effusions
415
418
EN
Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the diagnosis and treatment ofmalignant pleural effusions (MPE) and to assess the results and complications of the procedure. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A totalof 61 patients with the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion were assessed retrospectively between 2004 - 2010,25 women (40.9%) and 36 men (59.1%), with an age range of 18-78 (mean: 61.3). Video-thoracoscopic surgerywas performed under general anesthesia or with local anesthesia in sedated patients. <br/><b>Results</b>: No intraoperativecomplications were observed. In 6 cases, prolonged air leak developed. Pleurodesis was successfully implementedin malignant cases. The chest tube was removed when the amount of fluid was less 50cc/24h. The duration ofdrainage was significantly shorter in patients in whom VATS was performed. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: We believe that VATSis an effective method in the diagnosis and palliative treatment of cases with malignant pleural effusions.
Video,thoracoscopic surgery,pleurodesis,malignant pleural effusion
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25535.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25535_b3f2875d3b9eb9a3c9dc59953f25dcfd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Predictive Role of Adenosine Deaminase for Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Malignant Pleural Effusion in Turkey
419
423
EN
Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is a common problem for differential diagnosis from malignant effusion(MPE) in epidemic areas of tuberculosis (TB). Prediction based on adenosine deaminase (ADA) is dependent onage as well as the tuberculosis incidence. The aim of the study was to evaluate cutoff values for ADA with sensitivityand specificity results for the differential diagnosis of MPE and TPE in a population with intermediate incidenceof TB. We retrospectively analysed 196 patients with a definitive diagnosis of TPE (n=114) and MPE (n= 82). Theoptimal cutoff value of ADA was determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. There wasa statistically significant difference according to the levels of pleural fluid ADA between TPE and MPE groups(p<0.0001). The cutoff value for diagnosing TPE was >55U/L, with a sensitivity = 86.8%, specificity = 86.6%,positive predictive value (PPV) = 90%, negative predictive value (NPV) = 82.6% and accuracy = 82.6%. Wethen combined ADA>55U/L and age<50 and were able to discriminate the TPE group with increased specifity(95.7 %) and PPV (98.8%) results. The model could correctly classify 21 MPE out of 23 and 82 TPE out of 94patients. A pleural fluid ADA value <31U/L suggests that TPE is highly unlikely with a sensitivity = 43.9 %,specificity = 100%, PPV = 100%, NPV = 71.3% and accuracy = 76.6%. It can be concluded that ADA is a veryuseful parameter for the differential diagnosis of TPE and MPE, specifically in youngers with a higher incidenceof tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis,Pleural Effusion,Adenosine deaminase,malignant effusion
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25536.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25536_34c072d251090598a6f7935bf11cf518.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Turkish Hysterectomy and Mastectomy Patients - Depression, Body Image, Sexual Problems and Spouse Relationships
425
432
EN
The aim of this study was to compare hysterectomy and mastectomy patients in terms of depression, bodyimage, sexual problems and spouse relations. The study group comprised 94 patients being treated in EgeUniversity Radiation Oncology Clinic, Tülay Aktaş Oncology Hospital, İzmir Aegean Obstetrics and GynecologyTraining and Research Hospital for breast and gynecological cancer (42 patients underwent mastectomy, 52 patientunderwent hysterectomy). Five scales were used in the study: Sociodemographic Data Form, Beck DepressionScale, Body Image Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Golombok Rust Sexual Functions Scale. Mastectomypatients were more depressive than hysterectomy patients (t=2.78, p<0.01). Body image levels of the patientswere bad but there was no significant difference between the two patient groups (p>0.05). Hysterectomy patientshad more problems in terms of vaginismus (t=2.32, p<0.05), avoidance of sexual intercourse (t=2.31, p<0.05),communication (t=2.06, p<0.05), and frequency of sexual intercourse than mastectomy patients (t=2.10, p<0.05).As compared with compliance levels between patients and spouses; hysterectomy patients had more problemsrelated to expression of emotions than mastectomy patients (t=2.12, p<0.05). In conclusion, body image wasnegative, mastectomy was associated with more depression and hysterectomy with greater sexual problems anddifficulties with spouse relationships.
Hysterectomy,mastectomy,depression,body image,sexual problems,spouse relationships
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25537.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25537_caae350fe4adc91f6a59a47fb1606255.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Relationships Between Psychosocial Adjustment and Hopelessness in Women with Breast Cancer
433
438
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: Several physical, psychological and social variables influence women with breast cancer. This studywas designed to analyze the relationship between psychosocial adjustment and hopelessness in a group of suchwomen in Turkey. <br/><b>Method</b>: The subjects were 90 women with breast cancer recruited at i Ege University Schoolof Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology Nurse Counsellor Unit and Tülay Aktaş Oncology HospitalOutpatient Chemotherapy Unit. Data were collected using an Introductory Information Form and PsychosocialAdjustment to the Illness Scale - Self-Report (PAIS–SR) and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and analyzedby Pearson Correlation Analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: The mean age of the women was 49.4±11.0. It was found that the levelof psychosocial adjustment of 63.3% of the women was “poor”. A positive relationship was determined betweenPAIS–SR mean score and BHS mean score of the women with breast cancer (r =0.731, p<0.01). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Itwas observed that as the psychosocial adjustment worsens, as the level of hopelessness of the women increases.In the light of this relationship, it was concluded that the attempts to increase hope and therefore the supportfor the psychosocial adjustment of patients should play a vital role in increasing their quality of life.
breast cancer,psychosocial adjustment,hopelessness,Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25538.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25538_f99c96cb271df5b74713a6e6080fe06b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Information Needs of Patients with Meningiomas
439
441
EN
The aim of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to determine information requirements of patientswith typical meningiomas after surgery. The study sample consisted of 20 patients who underwent surgery forbrain tumours in neurosurgery clinics of a university hospital. Permission to conduct research was obtainedfrom all patients and from the hospital. Before the surgery, a booklet was given to patients for training. Patientswere followed up one, three, six and 12 months later by the phone after the surgery and asked to report theirproblems. All questions were recorded and answered. Data were collected by the socio-demographic, patientsymptom and health status questionnaire. Descriptive data were analyzed using percentage and arithmeticaverages. Comparative statistics were evaluated using chi-square. Patients wanted information about diet, physicaltherapy and rehabilitation, quick thinking difficulties, fasting, headache, irritability, personality change, fatigue,driving, deep vein thrombosis during the follow up. There was a significant difference between their health statusand fear of seizures and recurrent tumor, forgetfulness, lack of concentration (p<0.05). Although they receivedhealth education and booklet, patients needed more information during the 12 months after surgery. Thereforeit suggested that monitoring the patient’s needs is necessary.
meningioma,Information needs,Turkish patients
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25539.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25539_fa26f627ebfaf48673c1600378986a0a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Thyroid Dysfunction Following Therapeutic External Radiation to Head and Neck Cancer
443
445
EN
Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in thyroid function in patients with head andneck cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This prospective studywas conducted on ninety patients with non-thyroid head and neck cancer who were referred to the departmentof radiotherapy. Thyroid function tests were conducted before, midway during and after EBRT, with followup at monthly intervals up to 6 months after the completion of therapy. <br/><b>Results</b>: Serum T3 and T4 levels weredecreased at completion of EBRT and remained so after 6 months follow up. However, serum TSH levels didnot significantly vary. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: EBRT to the neck region for treatment of head and neck cancer induceshypothyroidism and therefore utmost care must be taken to exclude the thyroid from radiation beams withoutsparing the tumor as far as possible. The clinical protocol in such cases should include monitoring of T3, T4 andTSH levels during and after the EBRT.
Thyroid Dysfunction,head and neck cancer,radiotherapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25540.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25540_ebd9355380476efa49fcac9d2111ce5c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Trace Elements, Heavy Metals and Other Biochemical Parameters in Malignant Glioma Patients
447
451
EN
Aim: We aimed to assess relevance of mineral, trace element and heavy metal levels in patients with malignantgliomas. <br/><b>Methods</b>: In this study, erythrocyte catalase (CAT), and carbonic anhydrase (CA), serum copper (Cu.),zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and magnesium (Mg) levels weremeasured in 22 healthy humans and 22 malignant glioma patients. Metal concentrations were assessed by atomicadsorption spectrophotometry, while biochemical methods were used for CAT and CA. <br/><b>Results</b>: The Cd, Fe, Mg,Mn, Pb and Zn levels were significantly elevated in the patients as a whole compared to controls(P<0.05), whileCu was decreased and Co demonstrated no change. Although mean CAT activity were significantly lowered, CAexhibited significant increase. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results of the current study indicate that antioxidant enzymesmay have a role in the genesis of considerable oxidative stress in patients with malignant glioma. CAT and CAseem to play particular roles in the pathophysiology of this disease.
Malignant glioma,Catalase,Carbonic anhydrase,trace elements,heavy metals
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25541.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25541_87e0adc9a33f42c2773601368c34581c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Marital Adjustment and Loneliness Status of Women With Mastectomy and Husbands Reactions
453
459
EN
Aim: The present descriptive analysis of breast-cancer women with mastectomy surgery was conductedto assess husband partner compatibility and level of loneliness during the post-surgery period. Materials andmethods: The study was carried out in Ondokuz Mays University, Medical Faculty surgical clinic. A sampleof 48 women with mastectomy and 44 husbands were included in the study. A questionnaire form, the dyadicadjustment scale, and UCLA loneliness scale were used to process the data. Descriptive statistics, correlations,Mannhitney U and Kruskalallis tests were used for data analysis with the SPSS 13.0 statistical package forWindows. <br/><b>Results</b>: It was determined that the education background of husbands influenced marital adjustment,this being better with a high school or further diploma. Husbands who described their marriage as bad afterthe surgery had higher marital adjustment scores (p<0.01). A connection was found between loneliness statusof participant women and their marital adjustment (r=0.373; p=0.009). Similar findings were obtained fortheir husbands (r=0.412; p=0.005). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: At the end of this research, women with mastectomy and theirhusbands described their marital relations before the surgery as good but as bad after the surgery. Women withmastectomy and their husbands stated that they did not feel lonely before or after the surgery. It is critical thatnursing initiatives be arranged in line with health training on marital adjustment and loneliness and psychosocialapproaches and communications are adjusted to meet the needs of women and husbands.
marital adjustment,Loneliness,mastectomy,Women,husbands
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25542.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25542_af83b54a24e0de2d30a2d54db8225b84.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Cancer of Corpus Uteri in Tunisia: Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Features
461
464
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: The aim of this study was to survey for the first time the burden and characteristics of corpusuteri cancers in Central Tunisia. Design: Characteristics of all cancer cases diagnosed during a 15-year periodwere analyzed based on the data of the Cancer Registry of the Center of Tunisia. Five-year age-specific rates,crude incidence rates, world age-standardized rates (ASR), and annual percent change (APC) were calculatedusing annual data on population size and its estimated age structure. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 218 new cases of corpusuteri cancer were recorded. The ASR was 3.1 per 100,000 with a significant increase over time (APC: +7.1%;95% CI: 3.1%, 11.1%). The median age at diagnosis was 60 years and only 20.6% of patients were less than50 years old. The tumor size was higher than 2 cm in 83.5% of cases. Stage I was the most frequent (59.9%)followed by advanced stages (23.2%). Endometrial adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histological type(62.8%) with grade II accounting for 48.5% of cases. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Corpus uteri cancer is an important femalecancer with increasing trend over time. These findings justify the need to plan and develop effective programsaiming at the control of the spread of cancer in Tunisia.
Corpus uteri,cancer,Incidence,increasing trend,clinicopathological study,Tunisia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25543.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25543_bf90810b28e696d4c9cfaff338208498.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Role of Preoperative Chemotherapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Esophagus in Kashmir, a Cancer Belt - A Pilot Study
465
470
EN
<b>Background:</b> Esophageal carcinoma is the fifth leading gastrointestinal malignancy and is one of the leadingcauses of cancer related death. Despite improvements in surgical technique over the last few decades, the outcomehas been dismal, with overall 5 year survival not exceeding 15%-25%. Aims and <br/><b>Objectives</b>: To evaluate theeffect of preoperative chemotherapy on resectability, complication rate and overall survival in patients withsquamous cell carcinoma esophagus. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: 50 patients with histologically confirmed squamouscell carcinoma (SCC), with localised or loco-regional disease (stage 4 excluded) were divided into 2 groups.Group A patients were subjected to 2-3 cycles of pre-operative chemotherapy (5FU-CDDP), whereas Group Bpatients were directly operated on. Observations: 3 (12%) patients in group A showed complete pathologicalresponse to chemotherapy and 18 (72%) showed a partial response, with four patients (16%) showing resistanceto chemotherapy. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of response to chemotherapy withrespect to degree of differentiation of tumor. There was no significant difference in the overall resectability ratesbetween the two groups (p>0.05), but R0 resection was achieved in 20 (80%) of group A and only 10 (40%) ofgroup B, the difference being statistically significant (p<0.05). The rate of overall complications was also muchhigher in the control group. Initially there was no significant difference in the survival between the two groups,but later (20 months) the study group showed a slight non-significant advantage. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Preoperativechemotherapy significantly increases the rate of R0 resection without significantly increasing postoperativemorbidity and mortality in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus. However, to assess the impacton survival the study period needs to be extended.
Esophageal Cancer,Squamous Cell Carcinoma,pre-operative chemotherapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25544.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25544_a9cfd12a1ce662cd0f444bc8c3fa4cf1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Mutagenicity and Mutagens of the Red Chili Pepper as Gallbladder Cancer Risk Factor in Chilean Women
471
476
EN
High consumption of red chili pepper has been shown to be a risk factor for gallbladder cancer (GBC) inChilean women with gallstones, and included mutagens may be important in this context. We aimed to investigatethe mutagenicity and mutagens in Chilean red chili pepper in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strainsTA98, TA1537, TA100, and TA1535 with and without metabolic activation (S9 mix). Pure capsaicin was testedfor mutagenicity using strain TA98. The presence of aflatoxins was evaluated by two-dimensional thin layerchromatography, and then the concentrations of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were measured by an HPLCsystem. In strain TA98, the mean numbers of revertant colonies with and without the S9 mix were 2.5- and 2.2-fold higher than those of each negative control, respectively. However, pure capsaicin did not show mutagenicactivity in strain TA98. Aflatoxin contamination of red chili pepper was confirmed, and the concentrations ofaflatoxins B1 and G1 were 4.4 ng/g and 0.5 ng/g, respectively. Our findings suggest that low-level but protractedexposure to aflatoxins may be associated with the development of GBC in Chilean women who carry gallstones.
Ames test,Salmonella typhimurium TA98,aflatoxin contamination,red chili pepper,gallbladder cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24787.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24787_2221600d2a86a3843b2d1371703b23a1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Safety and Efficacy of Argon Plasma Coagulation for Resection of Lipomas and Hamartomas in Large Airways
477
480
EN
Aims: To describe the use of argon plasma coagulation (APC) for radical resection of lipomas and hamartomasin large airways. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Eight patients (7 males and 1 female) were retrospectively reviewed. Data extractedincluded patient demographic characteristics, type and location of lesion, type of anesthesia used, number ofAPC sessions required, complications, length of hospital stay, and outcomes. All patients were followed-up for aminimum of 24 months. <br/><b>Results</b>: The patients had a mean age of 54.6 ± 13.5 years. Lipomas were diagnosed infive and hamartomas in three. Because complete removal of the tumor could not be achieved during one session,two additional APC treatments were carried out in one of the patients, and three in another. Duration of eachprocedure ranged from 90 to 120 minutes. For the six patients performed under general anesthesia, only onesession was required, and the mean time was 110 min. All tumors were completely removed, and no perioperativeor long-term complications occurred. During a minimum follow-up of 2 years, no recurrence was noted in anypatient. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Complete resection of lipomas and hamartomas inside large airways can be safely achievedvia APC. Further studies regarding the use of this technique for other tumor types are warranted.
Argon plasma coagulation,lipomas,hamartomas,tumor resection
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24788.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24788_c4c1075546decb839a0e14f3382d74c6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Knowledge and Applications of the Midwives and Nurses at an Educational Hospital on the Early Diagnosis of Cervix Cancer
481
485
EN
This descriptive study was made to determine the knowledge levels and application situations of 96 midwivesand nurses at an educational hospital in Istanbul. Data were collected with the survey form and evaluated usingfrequency distribution and chi-square significance tests. Almost two-thirds of the midwives and nurses includedstated that they never go for routine gynaecological tests without any sysmptoms, over 50% stated that they didnot see themselves as being under risk in the aspect of cervix cancer, and 18.7% had no information about riskfactors. While 54.2% had experienced at least one pap smear test, 20.8% stated that they did not see havinga pap smear test as mandatory. Over 90.0 about the HPV vaccine, mostly from visual and published media,and 78.1% wanted to have HPV vaccination. A statistically significant difference was found between the theknowledge levels and application situations of the midwives and nurses and their age groups, educational status,and marital status (p<0.05). Participants in the age group 32 and over, with undergraduate or more education,and who were married, had more knowledge and practical experience.
cervix cancer,Early Diagnosis,Midwife,Nurse,Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24789.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_24789_50cfacfeea0c034181da7e31c31582cd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Phase II Trial of Irinotecan plus Nedaplatin (INP) in Treating Patients with Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
487
490
EN
Purpose: We conducted a phase II study of combination chemotherapy with irinotecan (CPT-11) andnedaplatin (NDP), (INP regimen), to determine the effects and toxicities in patients with extensive stage smallcell lung cancer (SCLC). <br/><b>Methods</b>: From March 2005 to December 2010, 60 patients with histologically orcytologically confirmed extensive SCLC were enrolled into this study. All received treatment CPT-11 at a doseof 60mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, and NDP 20mg/m2 on days1-5, every 3-4 weeks as a cycle. Patients were treateduntil tumor progression or unacceptable toxicity. <br/><b>Results</b>: Main toxicities included: myelosuppression, nausea orvomiting, diarrhea, elevation of alanine aminotransferase,and bilirubin. No treatment related death occurred inthis study. Thirteen patients had complete response, forty-two had partial response, three remained stable, andtwo had progressive disease. Median progression-free survival was 13 months (95% confidence interval: 9-17)and median overall survival was 22 months (95% confidence interval: 19-25). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: INP is an effectiveand well tolerated regimen for treatment of extensive staged SCLC.
Irinotecan,nedaplatin,Chemotherapy,small cell lung cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25560.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25560_f769e493be1f22e8acf7c0f4ffc330eb.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Genetic Variations in Carcinogen Metabolizing Genes Associated with Oral Cancer in Pakistani Population
491
495
EN
<b>Background:</b> Xenobiotics are metabolized by either phase I enzymes like CYP1A1 or phase II enzymes likeGSTs. Polymorphisms in the encoding genes (CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) potentially may thererforecontribute towards risk association for oral cancer. Methodology: These genes were investigated via a casecontrol study consisting of 228 oral cancer patients and 150 cancer free normal individuals as controls. DNA wasextracted from WBCs for genotyping. Polymerase chain reaction–single stranded conformational polymorphism(SSCP) was used for screening CYP1A1 and GSTP1 genes mutations. Deletion of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes wereanalyzed by multiplex PCR. <br/><b>Results</b>: Two novel mutations were found in this study in relation to oral cancer. Asubstitution mutation of A2842 with C resulting in missense tyrosine to serine formation along with a frameshiftmutation due to insertion of thymidine at nucleotide 2842 resulting in 495 nucleotide sequence to alter was foundin oral cancer patients. GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphism was found in significantly higher number ofindividuals (OR=2.08, CI 1.05-4.2; OR=1.5, CI 0.9-2.4 respectively) compared to controls. 10 patients had deletionof both GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes. GSTP1 gene was also found to have novel substitution mutations of A2848 toT and G2849 to A in exon 7 resulting in leucine to leucine and alanine to threonine formation respectively. Twointronic deletions of cytosine at positions 1074 and 1466 was found in intron 3 and 4 in patients and no controlhad these exonic or intronic variants in GSTP1 gene. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: These results suggest that accumulation ofgenetic changes in CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genes are associated with increased risk of oral cancer.
oral cancer,CYP1A1,GSTM1,GSTT1,GSTP1- polymorphisms,Pakistan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25545.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25545_eeccc29b8db0096c4d56e68822a78bc3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Elevated Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 Predicts Risk of Pre/Early Cancerous Progression
497
505
EN
<b>Background:</b> Serological thymidine kinase 1 (STK1) is a reliable proliferation marker for prognosis,monitoring tumour therapy, relapse and detection of malignancies. In this study we investigate the use of STK1in health screening. <br/><b>Methods</b>: The concentration of STK1 was determined by a sensitive dot blot ECL assayin 8,135 persons participating in a health screening program. <br/><b>Results</b>: The frequency of persons with elevatedSTK1 (>2.0 pM) was 1.1%, representing diseases linked to pre/early cancerous progression. One person withmalignancy (gastric carcinoma) was found among persons with elevated STK1, but none of persons with normalSTK1 values. There was a significantly higher frequency of persons with moderate/severe type of hyperplasia ofbreast and prostate expressing elevated STK1, compared to persons with normal STK1 values. No significantdifference was found concerning mild hyperplasia. Of persons with elevated STK1, 89.2% had diseases linkedto risk for pre/early cancerous progression, compared to 41.2% of persons with normal STK1 values. Amongthe persons with elevated STK1 values, one developed liver carcinoma after 13 months and five persons showedprogression in their disease within 19 months (breast and prostate hyperplasia, HBV infection). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>:Serological TK1 may be a reliable marker for risk assessment of pre/early cancerous progression.
Serological thymidine kinase 1 (STK1),health screening,premalignancy,Malignancy,hyperplasia of breast,prostate benign hyperplasia (PBH)
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25546.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25546_5a3594524bc2f0e20d9d7d2c3868fb1c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Expression Pattern of Tumor Endothelial Marker 8 Protein in Gallbladder Carcinomas
507
512
EN
Tumor endothelial marker 8 protein (TEM8) is highly specific to tumor angiogenesis and is not required fornormal adult angiogenesis and hence might prove to be a target for anti-angiogenic therapies in the future. Wehere evaluated protein and gene expression patterns in human endothelial cells of benign gallbladder - gallstonediseases (GSDs) and gallbladder carcinomas (GBCs) using immunostaining, immunofluorescence and westernblotting techniques. Subjects comprised 175 GBC patients, 38 males and 137 females, aged 30–85 years (meanage 50.3±13.4 years) and twenty with GSDs, aged 30-75 years, (51.4±10.0 years) for comparison (male 4/20 andfemales 16/20). TEM8 protein expression increased significantly (p<0.0001) with increasing stage of GBC andwas mostly limited to endothelial cells, although there was no significant change with the grade. Interestingly,only 80-85 kDa and 60 kDa isoforms of TEM8 increased significantly whereas 45 kDa isoform was absent inGBCs. Conclusions- These results suggest that TEM8 plays an unknown important biological role to promotetumor angiogenesis in GBC.
gallbladder carcinoma,Angiogenesis,endothelial marker,new vasculature
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25547.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25547_3480a787219e39abd3f0f568a365b722.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Cytotoxicity of a Plant Steroidal Saponin on Human Lung Cancer Cells
513
517
EN
Trillium tschonoskii Maxim has been used to treat several diseases, including cancers, in folk medicine. Theprimary objective of the present study was to test whether TTB2, a steroidal saponin isolated from n-BuOHextracts, might exert effects on cell survival, morphology, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) productionand mitochondrial function in a lung cancer cell line. It was found that TTB2 had anti-proliferative andmorphological influence, leading to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in a dose-dependentmanner. A significant increase in the level of intracellular ROS and an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phasesof the cell cycle were also observed in treated cells. In summary, our results indicated that this compound mighthave potential use for the treatment of cancer.
Steroidal saponin,Trillium tschonoskii maxim,Apoptosis,Lung cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25548.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25548_b6e6434cc715244de1736e29e4177f6c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Hookah Smoking and Lung Cancer in the Kashmir Valley of the Indian Subcontinent
519
524
EN
<b>Background:</b> The literature about the causal relationship between lung cancer and tobacco smoking mostlyconcerns cigarettes. Hookah smoking is popular in the Kashmir valley of the Indian subcontinent, and is generallybelieved to be innocuous because of the passage of the smoke through water before inhalation. <br/><b>Objective</b>: Todetermine the relationship of hookah smoking to lung cancer in Kashmir. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In a casecontroldesign, 251 cases of lung cancer and 500 age-matched controls were studied. A predefined questionnairewas administered through a personal interview regarding various smoking and dietary patterns and the resultscompared through statistical analyses. <br/><b>Results</b>: There were 194 (178 current) ever-smokers amongst the casesand 223 (134 current) amongst controls. Smokers had a 4.2 times risk of lung cancer compared to non smokers(OR 4.23, 95% CI 3.0-5.96, p<0.0001). There were 120 hookah smokers amongst the cases and 100 amongst thecontrols and hookah smokers were nearly six times at risk for lung cancer as compared to nonsmokers (OR 5.83,(95% CI 3.95-8.60, p< 0.0001). Cigarette smokers were commoner amongst cases (46 vs 64 in controls; OR 3.49,95% CI 2.18-5.60, p=0.000). The severity of smoking was associated with a higher risk of lung cancer (Chi-square72.09, p 0.000).The practice of changing water of the hookah after each session proved non-existent. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>:Hookah smoking is associated with a significantly higher risk for lung cancer in Kashmiri population, with about6 fold elevated risk as compared to non-smoking controls.
Tobacco,smoking,cancer,Lung,hookah,water-pipe
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25549.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25549_5cef8f56d60c11ffaee00be77d221bd5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Anti-proliferative Effects of Organic Extracts from Root Bark of Juglans Regia L. (RBJR) on MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells: Role of Bcl-2/Bax, Caspases and Tp53
525
530
EN
With increasing use of plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agents, exploring the antiproliferative effects ofphytochemicals has gained increasing momentum for anticancer drug design. The present study was undertakento investigate the effect of root bark of Juglans regia (RBJR) organic extracts on cell proliferation, and todetermine the molecular mechanism of RBJR-induced cell death by determining the expression of Bcl-2, Bax,caspases, Tp53, Mdm-2 and TNF-α in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The results demonstrate thatWNRB suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose and time dependent manner by modulatingexpression of key genes. This involved characteristic changes in cytoplasmic and nuclear morphology, DNAfragmentation (TUNEL assay), levels of mRNA and expression of corresponding proteins. Real Time PCR andwestern blot analysis revealed that the expression of of Bax, caspases, tp53, and TNF-α was markedly increasedin MBA-MB-231 cells treated with the RBJR extract. In contrast Bcl2 and mdm-2 expression was down regulatedafter exposure. In summary, our data suggest the presence of bioactive compound(s) in WNRB capable of killingbreast carcinoma cells through induction of apoptosis, and therefore a candidate source of anticancer drugs.
Juglans regia L,root bark,organic extract,breast cancer,Apoptosis,DNA Fragmentation,p53,Caspases
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25550.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25550_bf274c79eb2debb996aa284da4406827.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Plantago major Protective Effects on Antioxidant Status after Administration of 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in Rats
531
535
EN
Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate effects of Plantago major extract on oxidative status in Wistaralbino rats administrated 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). <br/><b>Methods</b>: Rats were divided into three equalgroups of 6 animals each: Group 1 controls, group 2 treated with DMBA (100 mg/kg, single dose) and group 3receiving the DMBA and the aqueous extract at 100 mg/kg/d for 60 days. <br/><b>Results</b>: Significant decrease in catalase(P<0.05), carbonic anhydrase (p≤0.01), reduced glutathione (GSH) (P<0.01) and total protein (P<0.01) valueswas observed in the DMBA group compared with the healthy controls and DMBA + Plantago major groups.<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: The results suggest preventive effects of Plantago major on DMBA induced oxidative damage inWistar albino rats that might be due to decreased free radical generation.
Antioxidant,DMBA,Lipid peroxidation,plantago major,Rat
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25551.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25551_c847f285236ba57688c8c28bbf95789c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Childhood Cancer Frequency in the Center of Tunisia
537
542
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: In this paper, we analyzed the frequency of childhood cancer in the Center of Tunisia during1993–2006. Design: The different types of cancer were grouped according to the International Classificationfor Cancer in Children. The general and specific frequencies by age and by sex were analyzed. <br/><b>Results</b>: A totalof 727 new cases of childhood cancer were registered, with a male to-female sex ratio of 1.7/1. Leukemias hadthe highest frequency (27%) and, of these, lymphoid leukemias were the most prevalent (73.5%). Thereafter, indescending order of frequency, were lymphomas (25.7%), tumors of the central nervous system (CNS, 9.2%),neuroblastomas (7.7%), sarcomas (6.9%), carcinomas (6.3%), bone tumors (5.8%), nephroblastomas (5.5%), andgerminal cell tumors (2.6%). The highest frequency of cancer was found at age 10-14 years (34.9%). Leukemiaswere the most frequent in age groups 1-4 and 5-9 years, whereas, neuroblastomas and lymphomas were themost frequent at age under one year and 10-14 years, respectively. Of those cases of solid tumors, 55.8% werediagnosed as having advanced stages of the disease. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Leukemias, lymphomas, and CNS tumors werethe principal cancers in the Center of Tunisia. A childhood cancer registry with high-resolution data collectionis advocated for in-depth analysis of pediatric malignancies.
cancer,childhood,Epidemiology,Frequency,Tunisia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25552.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25552_384893742cb43625fdd8c999c3999b4c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Primary Pleuropulmonary Neoplasms in Childhood: Fourteen Cases from a Single Center
543
547
EN
<b>Background:</b> We aimed to review clinical characteristics, treatment results and outcome of pediatric patientswith primary pleuropulmonary neoplasms. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Medical records of 14 cases diagnosed between 1972-2009were reviewed retrospectively. <br/><b>Results</b>: The male/female ratio was 5/9 and the mean age at diagnosis was 9.1years (2-16). All but one were symptomatic, presenting with fever, coughing, dyspnea, or weight loss. One patientpresented with hemoptysis, and another with digital clubbing. One mesothelioma was diagnosed incidentally.Some 8/14 patients were initially diagnosed as having pneumonia (median delay in diagnosis of 2.5 months).Diagnoses included pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB, n=5), inflammatory pseudotumor (n=3), mesothelioma(n=2), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC, n=2), and carcinoid tumor (n=2). Patients with PPB underwent surgeryand received chemotherapy ± radiotherapy. Two carcinoid tumor cases underwent surgery, one further receivedchemotherapy. Patients with mesothelioma were treated with chemotherapy. Inflammatory pseudotumors wereall resected. Two cases with MEC received chemotherapy, one after surgery. 2/5 PPB patients survived withoutrecurrence, 3 died; all carcinoid tumors and inflammatory pseudotumors were alive; 1/2 MEC patients wasalive after 252 months, the other one was lost without disease; 1/2 mesothelioma patients was alive withoutdisease, the other was died. For all cases, median follow-up was 30.5 months (0.6-252). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Primarypleuropulmonary tumors are rare but clinical presentation can be varied and delay in diagnosis is common.Children with persistent coughs, recurrent pneumonia or hemoptysis should be considered as indicators forearly diagnosis, very important because the prognosis of these tumors varies with histology and stage.
Primary pulmonary tumor,Mesothelioma,bronchogenic carcinoma,children
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25553.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25553_c7bda75f6ab45978eef33bb2b8edfa3d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Survival of Patients with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder in Indonesia: A Single Institution Review
549
553
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To describe for the first time the survival of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in Indonesia,according to clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Retrospective study of bladder TCCsurvival in a single institution, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia’s national tertiary referral centre,between the years 1995 and 2005. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the overall survival (OS).<br/><b>Results</b>: The evaluable data covered 254 cases of primary bladder TCC, in which 95 (37.4%) were non muscleinvasivebladder cancer (NMIBC), and 159 cases (62.6%) were muscle-invasive (MIBC). Of these, 105 cases(41.4%) with a follow-up period up to five years were eligible for survival analysis. The mean age was 56.5 +/-12.1 years old, with a male to female ratio of 6:1. The 5-year OS for all bladder TCC was 27.6%, with a meansurvival time of 32.6 months. For NMIBC, the 5-year OS was 53.8% with a mean survival of 54.5 months. ForMIBC, the 5-year OS was 19% with a mean survival of 25.4 months. Regarding pathological stage, the 5-yearOS for stage 0, I, II, III, and IV was 83.3%, 45%, 30%, 18.8%, and 9.1%, respectively. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: The overallsurvival of bladder TCC in Indonesia is low compared to other countries. Possible explanations include thehigh number of advanced-stage tumours at initial presentation, under-staging, significant number of treatmentrefusal by our patients, and the non-standardized use of adjuvant therapy in our centre.
Long term survival,treatment modalities,muscle invasive bladder cancer,Indonesia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25554.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25554_58a723ca0ea8e6eae7cb57c7eac62297.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Modulates Invasion and Apoptosis of PC-3M Prostate Cancer Cells Via Regulating Expression of VEGF, MMP9 and Caspase-3
555
559
EN
Prostate cancer is a form of malignancy that is most likely to develop in older males, but because of thepropensity to metastasize to parts of the body, particularly the bones, can have a deleterious impact on qualityof life. Recently monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) has been shown to play important role in prostatecancer progression and metastasi. In this study we aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying its functionalroles. In vitro transwell invasion assays with PC-3M prostate cancer cells demonstrated MCP-1 promotion ofinvasion, while annexin V-FITC and TUNEL confirmed inhibition of apoptosis. Treatment MCP-1 further ledto significant upregulation of VEGF and MMP-9 and downregulation of Caspase-3 at both mRNA and proteinlevels compared with untreated control (P<0.05), while siRNA mediated knockdown reversed these changes.Taken together, our results indicate important roles of MCP-1 in prostate cancer progression and metastasisand our finding of regulation of VEGF, MMP-9 and Caspase-3 expression open up new possibilities for targetedtherapy.
MCP-1,VEGF,MMP-9,Prostate Cancer,Invasion,Metastasis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25555.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25555_e001deec8db6e25e3de1513174d740db.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Cervical Human Papilloma Virus Infection among the General Female Population in Vietnam: A Situation Analysis
561
566
EN
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the necessary cause of cervical cancer. This survey used a sample of 1,500married women aged 15-69 to examine the prevalence of HPV infection and HPV specific types in Vietnam aswell as risk factors of HPV infection. Results indicated that the prevalence of HPV infection in Hanoi and HCMwas 6.13 and 8.27. The proportion of multiple HPV infection was also higher in HCM than in Hanoi (35.5% vs.17.4%). Risk factors having significant associations with general HPV infection were early age at first sexualintercourse, number of life time sexual partners and period of use of oral contraceptives. Future implementationof HPV vaccine campaigns in Vietnam should consider the fact that HPV type 58 is common among both Hanoiand HCM populations, which none of the currently available vaccines target.
cervical cancer,Human papilloma virus,Vietnam
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25556.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25556_7ca4d0374af06aead7b41db39c0edcaa.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Prevention of Mammary Carcinogenesis in C3H/OuJ Mice by Green Tea and Tamoxifen
567
571
EN
<b>Background:</b> Tamoxifen (TAM) is useful in the chemoprevention of breast cancer, and green tea catechins,including (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), may have similar actions. In this study, we investigated theireffects, alone or in combination, on mammary carcinogenesis using breast cancer cells and preneoplastic lesionsinC3H/OuJ mice. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Growth inhibitory effects of EGCG and TAM on MCF-7 cells were evaluatedwith the anchorage-independent colony forming assay. The effects on mammary tumor carcinogenesis andpreneoplastic lesions were assessed in vivo using animals treated with GTE in drinking water (1%, 0.1%), or atamoxifen pellet (10 mg/ animal, subcutaneously inoculated) or both agents in combination (1%GTE + 10 mgTAM). The number and size of mammary tumors were measured weekly during treatment. At 48 weeks of age,mice were sacrificed for the examination of hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) and argyrophilic nucleolarorganizer regions (AgNOR). <br/><b>Results</b>: In the anchorage-independent growth assay, EGCG and TAM exhibiteddose-dependent antiproliferative effects on MCF-7 cells. In the tumor formation assay, tumor incidences weredecreased in the GTE, TAM, and GTE+TAM groups, particularly in the latter, in which no tumors developed.AgNOR counts were also significantly lower in the 1%GTE+TAM compared with the 1%GTE group, suggestingan additional anticarcinogenic effect. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: These data suggest that GTE and TAM, individually and incombination, have potential for chemoprevention of breast cancer.
Chemoprevention,Epigallocatechin gallate,Tamoxifen,alveolar nodules,nucleolar organizer regions
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25557.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25557_5e082d1488d292cbb3ffdd2ef27b1d4c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
2
2011
02
01
Frequency of Genetic Alterations Observed in Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins and Microsatellite Instability in Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma: A Translational Perspective
573
574
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25559.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25559_d3b16fc65189101a76374173ab10124c.pdf