West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
MicroRNAs might be Promising Biomarkers of Human Gliomas
833
835
EN
Recently, altered expression levels of several microRNAs have been observed in gliomas, the most frequentprimary brain tumor in adults. To review whether microRNAs might be promising biomarkers of human gliomas,we comprehensively searched the Cochrane Library, Medline and EMbase from 1966 to 2010 with the languagelimitation of English. We found that further understanding of the functions of miRNAs in specific cellular eventsis needed; the continuous technological advances in accurate and cost-effective miRNAs detection provide theprospect of a very promising role for miRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers of gliomas.
gliomas,miRNAs,Biomarkers
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25618.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25618_a85d284621bb7828513e4a15822c0915.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Taxanes: Promising Anti-Cancer Drugs
837
851
EN
Taxanes are amongst the most promising antitumor agents available at hand today, of increasing importancein Asia given that cancer is now one of the major public health problems which needs to be dealt urgently forthe benefit of affected patients. Several ongoing experimental and clinical trials have supported the fact thateven with their side effects and poor solubilities, taxanes are still the first lines of treatment chosen for breast,ovary, lung and other metastatic cancers. Prolonging the life of cancer patients is the main aim of all researchers,scientists, pharmaceutical companies and clinicians; therefore this review emphasizes the mechanisms of actionof taxanes and how they can play an important role in palliative treatment if not applied for curative purposes,hence being considered a boon for cancer management.
Taxanes,Taxol,Taxotere,Cancer chemotherapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25619.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25619_7f024618ef4cbb36fa412e26f7a820f4.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Human Papilloma Virus Prevalence, Genotype Distribution, and Pattern of Infection in Thai Women
853
856
EN
<b>Background:</b> The pattern of infection in cervical lesions with respect to HPV subtype has not beensystematically studied in Thai women. The aim here was to determine HPV prevalence, genotype, and infectionpattern in cervical lesions and to estimate the potential efficacy of an HPV prophylactic vaccine. Design: Formalinfixedparaffin-embedded cervical tissue blocks of 410 Thai patients from 8 institutes in 4 regions of Thailand(northern, southern, north-eastern, and central) were studied. The samples included 169 low grade squamousintraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 121 high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), and 120 squamouscell carcinomas (SCCs). HPV-DNA was amplified by PCR using consensus primers GP5+ and GP6+. TheHPV genotype was then determined by reverse linear blot assay that included 37 HPV-specific 5’-amino-linkedoligonucleotide probes. Patterns of infection were classified as single infection (one HPV type), double infection(two HPV types), and multiple infection (three or more HPV types). <br/><b>Results</b>: The mean age of the subjects was42 years. The prevalence of HPV infection was 88.8%. The highest HPV prevalence was found in the southernregion (97.1%) and the lowest in the central region (78.6%). HPV-DNA was detected in 84.6% of LSILs, 90.1%of HSILs, and 93.3% of SCCs. A total of 20 HPV genotypes were identified. The five most common high riskHPV were HPV16 (83.2%), HPV18 (59.3%), HPV58 (9.3%), HPV52 (4.1%), and HPV45 (3.8%). In double andmultiple infection patterns, the most common genotypes were HPV16/18 (27.8%) and HPV11/16/18 (54.9%).HPV6 was found only in LSIL and never in combination with other subtypes. HPV11 was most common inLSIL. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: There is no difference of HPV type distribution in women from 4 regions of Thailand withprominent HPV16 and HPV18 in all cases. The bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines have the potential to prevent48.6 % and 74.5% of cervical cancers in Thai women. The potential of cancer prevention would rise to 87.6%if other frequent HR-HPV types (HPV58, 52, and 45) were also targeted by an HPV vaccine.
Human papilloma virus,HPV Genotype,HPV prevalence
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25620.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25620_ec24c04f225493973abb443b763b7481.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Synchronous Primary Cancers of the Female Reproductive Tract in Turkish Women
857
859
EN
<br/><b>Objectives</b>: To evaluate the synchronous gynecologic cancers in Turkish women. Materials and methods: Apopulation-based longitudinal cohort study was conducted using Izmir Cancer Registry (ICR) data on gynecologiccancer patients diagnosed in the period 1993 to 2005. The registry covers the 3.7 million population of Izmir andhas been collecting data on cancer incidence and survival of cancer patients’ since 1992. The ICR collects data onall new cases of cancer from all the hospitals (n = 22) in the city. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 4,185 women were identifiedwith gynecologic cancer between 1993 and 2005, 1,526 with endometrial, 1,206 with cervical, 1,198 with ovarian,115 with vulvar, 67 with other uterine ( sarcoma etc.), 33 with vaginal and 40 with other gynecologic cancers (tuba uterina etc.). Fifty-five (1.3%) patients with invasive synchronous primary cancers were identified, 43 ofthese tumor pairs being endometrium-ovaries (81%), 66 of all lesions being endometrioid adenocarcinomas.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Independent primary tumors of the endometrium and ovary are the most commonly encounteredsynchronous tumors of the female genital tractus with endometrioid adenocarcinoma as the most frequentcomponent.
Synchronous gynecologic cancers,Turkish women
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25621.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25621_4a3f6c081c5e56f46e55bb74be9b7238.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
World Gynecologic Oncology Publications and the Turkish Contribution to the Literature between 2000 and 2007
861
864
EN
Aim: To investigate the number of publications and the contribution from top-ranking countries, institutions,and authors in 3 gynecologic oncology journals (Gynecologic Oncology [GO], International Journal ofGynecological Cancer [IJGC], and European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology [EJGO]),as well as the degree ofTurkish contribution between 2000 and 2007. <br/><b>Method</b>: Articles published between 2000 and 2007 in 3 gynecologiconcology journals indexed by the Science Citation Index were accessed via the ISI-Thomson website. Additionally,PubMed, Sciencedirect, and Blackwell-Synergy databases were used to identify the originating countries andinstitutions of the published articles. The types of articles, originating countries, and names of the institutionsand authors were determined. Furthermore, the number of articles affiliated with Turkish institutions and thepublication year were also determined. <br/><b>Results</b>: We located 6,851 articles published in the 3 journals. Duringthis period 36.1%, 7.7%, 7.2%, 5.8% and 4.8% of the papers originated from the USA, Japan, Italy, Turkey, andEngland, respectively. The 5 most productive institutions were the University of Texas, Memorial Sloan-KetteringCancer Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, University of Alabama, and University of Athens. The 5 mostproductive authors were Markman (USA), Chi (USA), Ayhan (Turkey), Barakat (USA), and Vergote (Belgium),respectively. In all, 36.1% of the papers originated from the USA, while 44% originated from 17 Europeancountries. The USA was the first-ranked country of origin in GO and IJGC, while Turkey was the first-rankedcountry of origin in EJGO. Overall, 399 (5.8%) papers originated from Turkish institutions. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Mostof the gynecologic oncology publications originated from the USA and Western European countries, wheregynecologic oncology training is available and surgical and research traditions are well established. On the otherhand, Turkish researchers made an important contribution to gynecologic oncology research during the selectedperiod of time; publications originating from Turkey exceeded in number all European countries, except thoseoriginating from Italy.
Gynecologic oncology,publication trends,research productivity,Bibliometrics
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25622.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25622_0fca878eacb0295363d9b342654f4238.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
An Upstream Estrogen Response Element Linked to Exogenous p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene Expression Differentiates Effects of the Codon 72 Polymorphism
865
868
EN
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of an upstream estrogen response element (ERE)on exogenous p53 tumor suppressor gene with a codon 72 polymorphism about which there have beencontroversial reports in relation to cancer risk. The p53 gene (bases 166–1143 from start codon) with the codon72 polymorphism, inserted into the pIRES-hrGFP II plasmid with or without upstream ERE, were transfectedinto HHUA endometrial cancer cells expressing the estrogen receptor. The ERE-linked p53 gene with the prolinevariant at codon 72 showed lower transfection rates than the gene without ERE or with the arginine variantat codon 72. p21 expression was significantly higher in HHUA cells transfected with the proline variant genethan in those transfected with the arginine variant gene. We consider that the presence of an upstream EREpromotes the transcriptional effects of the exogenous p53 gene with the proline variant, which strengthens theexpression of p21, and results in lower transfection rates through cell cycle inhibition.
p53,estrogen response element,codon 72 polymorphism,p21
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25623.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25623_b49aa187c1c21fc07e1a3c3609ae99e9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Audience Segmentation to Promote Lifestyle for Cancer Prevention in the Korean Community
869
874
EN
<br/><b>Objectives</b>: This study was designed to segment the audience group of ‘10 lifestyle for cancer prevention’ basedon demographic characteristics and the level of knowledge about each guideline for cancer prevention among thecommunity in South Korea. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Participants were chosen through stratified random sampling accordingto the age and gender distribution of Gangwon province in South Korea. A telephone survey was conductedfrom 6 to 15 calls among 2,025 persons on October 2008. A total of 1,687 persons completed the survey (responserate: 83.3%). Survey items were composed of socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, income,education, and residence area and the knowledge level of ‘10 guidelines for cancer prevention’, developed by‘Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare’ and covering smoking cessation, appropriate drinking, condom use,and regular physical activity and so on. We selected the priority needed to promote awareness and segmentedthe audience group based on the demographic characteristics, homogeneous with respect to the knowledge levelusing Answer Tree 3.0 with CHAID as a data mining algorithm. <br/><b>Results</b>: The results of analysis showed thateach guideline of ‘ 10 lifestyle for cancer prevention’ had its own segmented subgroup characterized by eachdemographic. Especially, residence area, - city or county, and ages were the first split on the perceived level ofknowledge and these findings suggested that segmentation of audiences for targeting is needed to deliver moreeffective education of patients and community people. In developing the strategy for effective education, themethod of social marketing using the decision tree analysis could be a useful and appropriate tool. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>:The study findings demonstrate the potential value of using more sophisticated strategies of designing andproviding health information based on audience segmentation.
Cancer Prevention,Lifestyle,audience segmentation,Korean communities
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25624.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25624_dd2a1885f85b4a6aa876ca038b5c9117.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
An Alternative Approach to Study the Changes in the Cancer Pattern of Men in India (1988-2005)
875
878
EN
<b>Background:</b> Changes in cancer pattern are often studied with regard to rank of leading sites, variation inage adjusted rates of sites over the time or with the help of time trends. However, these methods do not quantifythe changes in relation to overall changes that occurred in the total cancer cases over the period of time. Analternative approach is therefore necessary, particularly to identify emerging new cancers. <br/><b>Methods</b>: The cancerincidence data of various sites for men, over the periods 1988-90 and 2003-05 in India, for five urban registriesnamely Bangalore, Bhopal, Chennai, Delhi and Mumbai, functioning under the network of National CancerRegistry Programme (ICMR), formed the sources of data for the present analysis. Changes in incidence cases byvarious cancer sites for men are assessed by calculating the differences in incidence cases over the two period oftime. Based on the contribution of each site to total change, the ten most leading sites are identified separately foreach registry. The relative changes in the sites with time are taken to identify the most emerging new cancer casesover the period of time. <br/><b>Results</b>: The pooled cancer cases for men among five urban registries increased from30042 cases in 1988-90 to 46946 cases in 2003-05 registering an increase of about 55.8%. The lowest percentageof increase is observed in the registry of Mumbai (25.6%) and the maximum in Bhopal (96.4%). Based on thepooled figures of five urban registries, the lung cancer contributed the maximum % change (9.7%), followedby cancer of prostate (9.2%), mouth (7.5%), tongue (5.9%) and NHL (5.9%). Based on the pooled figures andthe relative changes, the emerging new cancers are prostate (140%), liver (112%) and mouth (95%). The %change by sites and the emerging new cancers varied between the registries.
cancer pattern,changes,alternative approach,emerging cancers
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25625.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25625_7cb110e12d7af327ed607debfbdd5ccf.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Comparison of Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Osaka, Japan, Using an Age-Period-Cohort Model
879
888
EN
Background. We aimed to estimate the effects of age, period and birth cohort on trends in cancer incidenceand death for all sites and selected sites of cancer in Osaka using an age-period-cohort model. Methods. Cancerincidence data during 1968-2003 were obtained from the Osaka Cancer Registry, and cancer mortality withpopulation data in Osaka during 1968-2007 were obtained from vital statistics departments. We estimated age,period and birth cohort effects for incidence and mortality using Nakamura’s Bayesian Poisson age-periodcohortmodel. Results. For most sites of cancer, linear ageing effects were observed, the exceptions being breastand cervix which levelled-off at around 40 years old, while period effects were small. Decreasing cohort effectswere observed in stomach and liver cancer. Cohort effects peaked at the generation born in the early 1950sfor colorectal, lung, breast cancers. For most sites of cancer, incidence and mortality showed similar trends,but in the late cohorts for cervical cancer, cohort effects decreased in mortality, while increasing in incidence.Conclusion. Period effects reflecting immediate effects to cancer incidence and mortality, such as developmentof the effective treatment and screening programme were stable in most sites of cancer. Cohort effects influencedby long-term risk factors were prominently observed for every site, decrease in stomach and liver cancer casesbeing related to reduction in risk factor prevalence. Cancer control activities could be evaluated through theresults, indicating utility for future cancer control planning.
Cancer incidence and mortality,time trends,age-period cohort model,joinpoint analysis,Japan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25626.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25626_dfdc3efe272a0aec8a523b194bf64503.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Role of Human Papilloma Virus in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
889
896
EN
<b>Background:</b> Human papilloma virus (HPV) is an important risk factor for head and neck cancer, specificallyoropharyngeal cancer, but its association with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is uncertain. Theobjectives were to determine the HPV16 prevalence in oral tongue SCCs, its integration status and to correlatethe expression of oncogenic proteins with targets. <br/><b>Methods</b>: In this case-control study with oral tongue SCC cases(n=60) and normal oral mucosa (n=46), HPV positivity was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)using consensus and HPV 16 type specific primers and p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC). The viral integrationstatus was determined with primers specific to the E2 gene and in situ hybridization (ISH). Immunohistochemicalanalysis of HPV oncogenic proteins (E6, E7) and their target proteins (p53, pRb, cyclinD1, p16, Notch-1, EGFR)proteins was carried out in HPV positive cases. The data was analyzed with SPSS software (v 11.0). Survivalanalysis was carried out by the Kaplan-Meier method. <br/><b>Results</b>: HPV16 was detected in 48% (n=29) of the casesand none of the controls by PCR assay (p<0.001) while p16 IHC, as a surrogate HPV marker, detected 33%(n=18) of the cases; 18% (n=10) were detected by both the methods. Integration was observed in 83% (n=24)by E2-PCR and 67% (n=18) by ISH. The E6-p53 pathway was active in 33% of the cases; E7-pRb in 52% andboth in 11%. HPV positivity was associated with well-differentiated cancers (p=0.041) and low recurrence rate(p=0.014). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our study confirms a positive correlation of HPV infection with oral tongue cancer.
Tongue SCC,HPV,PCR,IHC,carcinogenesis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25627.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25627_22c955eb625731c7a890553743f1cdad.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Is there any Association between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Laryngeal Carcinoma?
897
900
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To investigate the possible role of Helicobacter pylori as a cause of squamous cell carcinoma of larynxin a case-control study in an otolaryngology ward at an academic university. Subjects and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of65 patients with laryngeal cancer and 65 matched cancer-free controls underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopyand biopsy of antral and body regions of the stomach for evaluation of Helicobacter pylori infection. <br/><b>Results</b>:Theproportion of subjects with a positive rapid urease test for gastric infection was similar between the two groups(49.2 % in cases vs. 40% in controls). However, a positive rapid urease test for body was less frequently seen inpatients with laryngeal cancer whereas a positive rapid urease test for antrum was significantly higher (P=0.04).<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our study failed to show Helicobacter pylori as one of the etiologies of laryngeal cancer. However, itsupported the hypothesis that colonization of Helicobacter pylori only in the gastric body might have a protectiveeffect against laryngeal cancer with decreasing gastric acid while antral Helicobacter pylori, increasing gastricacid due to G cell hyperplasia, may be a predisposing factor for laryngeal cancer, with acid reflux as a possibleunderlying etiology.
Helicobacter pylori,laryngeal cancer,rapid urease test,gastric acid,esophagogastroduodenoscopy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25628.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25628_56f032a82719d028957606655f53021f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Multivariate Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Gastric Cancer Patients Using Additive Hazards Regression Models
901
907
EN
Background and <br/><b>Objectives</b>: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide and isthe most common type of cancer in Iran. The objective of this research was to apply additive hazards models tothe study of survival of patients with gastric cancer and to compare with results obtained using the Cox model.<br/><b>Methods</b>: We retrospectively studied 213 patients with gastric cancer who were registered in one referral cancerregistry center in Tehran, Iran. Age at diagnosis, sex, presence of metastasis, tumor size, histology type, lymphnode metastasis, and pathologic stages were entered into analysis using the Cox model and additive hazardmodels. To visualize a covariate effect over time, the estimated cumulative regression function by the Aalen’smodel was examined. <br/><b>Results</b>: The five-year survival rate and the median life expectancy in the studied patientswere 14.6% and 29.6 months, respectively. Multivariate Cox and Additive hazards models analysis identifiedage at diagnosis, tumor size and pathologic stage as independent prognostic factors for the survival of patientswith gastric cancer. Moreover, pathologic stage had a late or delayed effect according to the Aalen’s plot. Otherclinicopathological characteristics were not statistically significant. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Since Cox and Aalen models givedifferent aspects of the association between risk factors and the study outcome, it seems desirable to use thentogether to give a more comprehensive understanding of data. Our results also suggest that early detection ofpatients at younger age and in primary stages is important to increase survival of patients with gastric cancer.
Gastric cancer,additive hazards models,Cox model,Prognostic factor,survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25629.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25629_f7cf07a29fcf71fc836d4e911abc1a6d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Preoperative Prediction of Neurovascular Bundle Involvement of Localized Prostate Cancer by Combined T2 and Diffusionweighted Imaging of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Number of Positive Biopsy Cores, and Gleason Score
909
913
EN
Because recovery of erectile function and avoidance of positive surgical margins are important but competingoutcomes with prostate cancer therapy, the decision to preserve or resect a neurovascular bundle (NVB) duringlaparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) should be firmly based on information concerning the presence andlocation of extracapsular extension. In the current retrospective study, the propriety of actual decisions wasassessed using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), combining T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) withdiffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), numbers of positive biopsy cores,tumor volume and the Gleason score. MRI before prostate biopsy was performed in 35 patients who underwentLRP for clinically localized prostate cancer. A single radiologist retrospectively assessed whether the tumorlocalization, capsular penetration, seminal vesicle invasion, NVB involvement, and MRI findings correlated withthe postoperative histological results. With the postoperative specimens, 83 lesions demonstrated a Gleason scoreof 6 or more. Using T2WI with and without DWI and ADC, 39 and 27 of 54 lesions were correctly identified,respectively, the difference being significant. For cancers in the transitional zone, using a threshold Gleason scoreof 3 or greater, sensitivity was also significantly higher for T2+DWI+ADC than for T2WI alone. Of 35 patients,using all available clinical information (biopsy results including Gleason score, tumor location, percentage ofpositive biopsy cores, and the percentage of tumor-involved core tissue), we found that the preoperative andpostoperative staging were concordant in 25 cases. There is no universal consensus for nerve-sparing LRP;therefore, we performed an additional analysis using simplified clinically defined selection criteria (PSA level>15ng/mL, cT2, less than two positive biopsy scores in the unilateral lobe and less than 30% tumor volume, anda Gleason score of 6). Using this criteria, we selected 12 of 35 patients, and the detection rate of NVB involvementby MRI combined T2WI + DWI + ADC maps was 100% in their 30 lesions, and therefore we consider it safe toperform nerve-sparing LRP using our criteria. Our findings suggest that NVB can be safely preserved in patientswith low-grade tumors using simplified clinically defined selection criteria to determine margin involvement.
Prostate Cancer,MRI,Erectile Dysfunction,laparoscopic prostatectomy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25630.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25630_4ad1d4cf545c93f55fb0834f14bb3424.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Psychometric Properties of the Malay Version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: A Study of Husbands of Breast Cancer Patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
915
917
EN
The main objective of this paper is to examine the psychometric properties of the Malay Version of theHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), tested on 67 husbands of the women who were diagnosed withbreast cancer. The eligible husbands were retrieved from the Clinical Oncology Clinic at three hospitals inKuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Data was collected at three weeks and ten weeks following surgery for breast cancerof their wives. The psychometric properties of the HADS were reported based on Cronbach’ alpha, IntraclassCorrelation Coefficients (ICC), Effect Size Index (ESI), sensitivity and discriminity of the scale. Internalconsistency of the scale is excellent, with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88 for Anxiety subscale and 0.79 for Depressionsubscale. Test-retest Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is 0.35 and 0.42 for Anxiety and DepressionSubscale, respectively. Small mean differences were observed at test-retest measurement with ESI of 0.21 forAnxiety and 0.19 for Depression. Non-significant result was revealed for the discriminant validity (mastectomyvs lumpectomy). The Malay Version of the HADS is appropriate to measure the anxiety and depression amongthe husbands of the women with breast cancer in Malaysia.
Depression and anxiety,Malay husbands of breast cancer patients,HADS,Validation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25631.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25631_be28e5e0c138d786604c5a2a8d3bb303.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Inadequate Knowledge Levels of Turkish Male University Students about Testicular Self-Examination
919
922
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: Testicular cancer occurs in men aged between 15-35, accounting for 1% of all male cancers.The most common symptom is a painless swelling in the early period, so it is important for individuals to beconscious about and perform testicular self-examination. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledgeand performance of testicular self-examination (TSE) in male university students. <br/><b>Methods</b>: The target populationof the study consisted of 275 male university students aged between 20-25. Data were collected using a 27 itemquestionnairedeveloped by the investigators consisting of 3 sections: 1) socio-demographic characteristics; 2)risk factors for testicular cancer; 3) practices related to TSE. The data obtained were analyzed using frequencydistribution and percentages. <br/><b>Results</b>: 88% of the students (n=242) reported having no knowledge of TSE,whereas 36% (n=12) of the remaining 12% (n=33) reported having performed TSE. With regard to the reasonsfor non-performance, 88% (n=242) of the participants said they did not know about TSE, 6% (n=17) said theydid not attach importance to TSE and 4% (n=11) were afraid. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: The results of our study demonstratedthat adolescent males should be educated by nurses about testicular tumors and their symptoms as well as TSEperformance.
Testicular cancer,early detection,self-examination,adolescent and young adult health
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25632.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25632_4034739c9923131be75446e19159bbf0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Cervical Cancer Risk Levels in Turkey and Compliance to the National Cervical Cancer Screening Standard
923
927
EN
Cervical cancer screening with Pap smear test is a cost-effective method. The Ministry of Health in Turkeyrecommends that it be performed once every five years after age 35. The purpose of this study was to determinethe cervical cancer risk levels of women between 35 and 69, and the intervals they have the Pap smear test,and to investigate the relation between the two. This study was performed on 227 women aged between 35and 69 living in Balcova District of İzmir province. Using the cervical cancer risk index program of HarvardSchool of Public Health, the cervical cancer risk level of 70% of the women was found below average, 22.1%average, and 7.9% above average. Only 52% of the women have had Pap smear test at least once in their lives.The percentage screening regularly in conformity with the national screening standard was 39.2%. Women inthe 40-49 age group, were married, conformed significantly more (p<0.05) to the national screening standard.Compliance also increased with the level of education and decreased with the cervical cancer risk level (p<0.05).A logistic regression model was constructed including age, education level, menstruation state of the women andthe economic level of the family. Not having the Pap smear test in conformity with the national cervical cancerscreening standard in 35-39 age group was 2.52 times more than 40-49 age group, while it was 3.26 times morein 60-69 age group (p<0.05). Not having Pap smear test in 35-39 age group more than other groups might resultfrom lack of information on the cervical cancer national screening standard and the necessity of having Papsmear test. As for 60-69 age group, the low education level might cause not having Pap smear test. Under thesecircumstances, the cervical cancer risk levels should be determined and the individuals should be informed.Providing Pap smear test screening service to individuals in the target group of national screening standard, asa public service may resolve the inequalities due to age and educational differences.
cervical cancer,risk levels,Pap smear screening compliance,Turkish national guidelines
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25633.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25633_825bfe0abf68c41511cd607729c50447.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Expression of miR-143 Reduces Growth and Migration of Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells by Targeting Cyclooxygenase-2
929
933
EN
Systemic chemotherapy is the only current modality that provides the potential for long-term survivalin bladder carcinoma patients with metastatic disease. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 COX-2 inducesexpression of immune- and cell proliferation-related genes and is associated with the grade, prognosis andrecurrence of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. There is abundant evidence that aberrant expressionof microRNAs (miRNAs) is implicated in numerous disease states and miRNAs have the potential to be used forcancer therapeutics. Here, we found expression of miR-143 to be low in a series of human bladder carcinomas ascompared to background tissue. In addition, restoration of miR-143 by cell transfection in T24 cancer cells led todecreased COX-2 expression, reduced proliferation and mobility. Our findings will help to further understand thefunctions of miRNAs in cancer cells and point to a specific potential of miR-143 may be employed as a therapeuticagent for bladder carcinoma. The results provide insights into the development of novel tumor markers or newtherapeutic strategies.
MiR-143,COX-2,human bladder carcinoma
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25634.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25634_d53fe305c1f567ace9e8f9c67cc05ea0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Promising Fusion Protein Design to Target the U87 MG Glioma Cell Line
935
937
EN
Gliomas, with a poor clinical course, account for 30% to 40% of all intracranial tumors. Immunotherapywith monoclonal antibodies has emerged as a promising area of investigation and recently it has been shown thatantibodies utilize complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of their variable domains to bind to antigenswith high affinity and specificity. Here, we designed an antibody mimetic fused with diphtheria toxin to targetthe U87 MG glioma cell line. VHCDR1 and VLCDR3, together with 5 amino acid residues on both side of theCDRs, through a cognate framework region (VHFR2) yielded a mimetic of BT32/A6 (United States Patentnumber: 5639863). We fused the mimetic with the first 388 amino acid residues of diphtheria toxin and E. colistrain BL21 (ED3) was used to express the soluble immunotoxin DT-MG. The immunotoxin DT-MG alone didnot kill Raji up to the maximal concentration tested (10-6M) in vitro. By contrast, concentrations ≥10-9M, of thefused DT-MG killed more than 95% of U-87 MG cells. It is suggested that the mimetic maintained the synergicinteractions and high-affinity associated with the parent antibody. This construct holds promise for targetingspecific cancer epitopes and may be useful when incorporated into diagnostic and therapeutic regimens.
Glioma therapy,momoclonal antibodies,toxins,fusion proteins
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25635.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25635_a79e90138e16aba5408a20a1f60982c4.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
“Initial Clinical Response” to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: An In-vivo Chemosensitivity Test for Efficacy in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer
939
946
EN
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is well established as the standard of care and initial management ofchoice for patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC). The response is however not uniform. The present studywas an endeavor to develop a clinically applicable tool based on the available clinico-pathological data in theroutine clinical setting to predict response to chemotherapy in breast cancer in a developing country. From 1stJune 2005 to 30th June 2007, 149 patients registered at INMOL hospital with ABC at initial diagnosis havingtumor size 5 cm or more and treated with FAC as NACT were prospectively included in the study to analyzeassociation of response after first cycle of chemotherapy (initial clinical response) with that after the thirdcycle. Tumor measurements were done at base line (before starting chemotherapy), three weeks after the firstcourse of chemotherapy and three weeks after the third course. Percentage change was calculated for the lattertwo stages. Clinical response was assessed according to WHO/UICC criteria. Pathological complete response(pCR) was based on the histopathology of the operative specimen after NACT. 67.1% patients (cCR 7.4%+cPR59.7%) responded to chemotherapy while 32.9% (cSD 23.5%+cPD 9.4%) did not. pCR rate was 4%. No patienthad initial clinical complete response while 23% had icPR, 74% had icSD and 3% had icPD. All patients withicPR responded to NACT (cCR 29%+cPR 71%) while 60% of icSD responded to chemotherapy (cCR 1%+cPR59%) and 40% of icSD failed to respond (cSD 31%+cPD 9%). All patients with icPD developed cPD. The highsensitivity of initial clinical response for prediction of cCR and 100% specificity of icPD for prediction of cPDfavors its incorporation in clinical practice, as an early predictor of response to NACT in ABC patients.
Advanced breast cancer,Neoadjuvant chemotherapy,initial clinical response,in vivo test
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25636.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25636_6a7ac60cfcd81fc60bb332364a56d4ea.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Increased Expression of the PRL-3 Gene in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Dysplasia Tissues
947
951
EN
Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) belongs to a class of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, whichis known so far to consist of 3 members, PRL-1, PRL-2, and PRL-3. The aim of this study was to uncover therole of PRL genes in development of oral malignancy. We analyzed expression levels of the 3 PRL genes in 50human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), 11 dysplasia and 12 normal mucosa tissues by a real-time RTPCRmethod. PRL-3 but not PRL-1 or PRL-2 expressions were significantly higher in OSCC and dysplasia thanin normal mucosa tissues. Additionally, PRL-3 expressions were significantly higher in OSCC tissues harboringdominant-negative p53 or recessive p53 mutation than in those harboring wild-type p53. These results suggestthat PRL-3 plays a role in oral cancer development and can be useful as a marker of pre-malignant and malignantlesion of oral mucosa.
PRL,oral squamous carcinoma,dysplasia,p53
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25637.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25637_3ed0a62bdd7451fee980b46e1cac2cfd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Morphology, TNM Staging and Survival with Pancreaticoduodenectomy Specimens received at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Pakistan
953
956
EN
<b>Background:</b> Whipple specimens consists of duodenum from the pylorus to the ligament of Treitz, the head ofthe pancreas and distal extrahepatic biliary tract, sometimes with most distal portion of the stomach. Adequategross handling of the specimen and assessment of histological variables is of prognostic importance. <br/><b>Methods</b>:At the Pathology Department of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, we hereevaluated survival with a total of 65 pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens from 2006 to 2010 with reference tohistological parameters like tumour type, site, size, grade, pT, pN, margin status and perineural invasion, andcompared our results with international data. Patients were followed up and P-values were calculated regardingassociation between survival and prognostic factors, Kaplan-meier survival curves also being plotted. <br/><b>Results</b>:Most of the patients were males (60%), with a mean age of 50 yrs. The most frequent site was periampullaryregion (43.2%), with adenocarcinoma, NOS accounting for 72.4%. G2 was the most common grade (58.5%) andthe most frequent pT was pT2 (52.4%), nearly half presenting with lymph node metastasis (47.7%). Significantassociations (p<0.05) were noted for survival with grade, pT, pN, margins, tumor size and perineural invasion,but not tumor site, tumor type and age. Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that at end of 1 month, 70% of the patientswere alive, this decreasing to 40%, 15% and 5% and at the end of 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>:Tumor size, type, pathologic T and N staging, margins and perineural invasion are directly related to survivalwith pancreatico-duodenal lesions.
Pancreatico-duodenectomy specimens,progostic factors,survival,Pakistan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25638.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25638_a00e3272906a43ea46f1abb5aac37226.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Hepatitis B Knowledge and Practices among Cambodian Americans
957
961
EN
<b>Background:</b> Liver cancer occurs more frequently among Americans of Southeast Asian descent than anyother group. This health disparity can be attributed to high rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Weexamined HBV awareness, knowledge about HBV transmission, HBV testing levels, and HBV vaccination levelsamong Cambodian Americans. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A population-based survey was conducted in metropolitan Seattleduring 2010. The study sample included 667 individuals. We created a composite knowledge score (0–9) bysumming the number of correct answers to survey items addressing HBV transmission. Data were analyzedusing Generalized Estimating Equations. <br/><b>Results</b>: Seventy-eight percent of the study group had heard of HBV(before it was described to them). The proportions who knew that HBV cannot be spread by eating food preparedby an infected person, can be spread during childbirth, and can be spread during sexual intercourse were only33%, 69%, and 72%, respectively. The mean knowledge score was 5.5 (standard deviation 1.7). Fifty percentof the survey respondents had been tested and 52% had been vaccinated. HBV awareness, higher knowledgescores, and vaccination were all associated (p<0.05) with younger age, higher educational level, younger ageat immigration, and greater English proficiency. Discussion: Our study findings confirm the need for Khmerlanguage HBV programs for less acculturated and educated members of the Cambodian community. Suchprograms should aim to increase HBV testing rates, HBV vaccination rates among individuals who remainsusceptible to infection, and levels of knowledge about routes of hepatitis B transmission.
Cambodian Americans,Hepatitis B,immigrant health,Liver cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25639.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25639_dfda86fe4a3475a89264660f67ebcec1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Genetic Risk of DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms (XRCC1 and XRCC3) for High Risk Human Papillomavirus Negative Cervical Cancer in Northeast Thailand
963
966
EN
To identify risk factors other than high risk human papillomavirus infection for the development of cervicalcancer, functional polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, XRCC1 Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp and XRCC3Thr241Met, were studied among Northeastern Thai women. Cases (n=111) were defined as squamous cellcervical cancer and controls (n=118) were recruited from healthy women without cervical abnormalities. TheXRCC1 194Trp/Trp genotype significantly increased the risk for cervical cancer (OR=5.52; 95%CI=1.14-26.64;p=0.03). Among the HPV infection negative group, significantly higher risks for cervical cancer were visualizedfor XRCC1 399Arg/Gln (adjusted OR=3.69; 95%CI=1.04-13.06; p=0.04) and XRCC1 194Arg/Trp (adjustedOR=4.13; 95%CI=1.13-15.12; p=0.03). This study indicates that variant types of DNA repair genes play partialroles in modifying individual susceptibility to cervical cancer. Since cervical cancer is a multi-factorial disease,the contribution of DNA repair enzymes to the development of cervical cancer, if it exists may be concealed byHPV infection.
genetic risk,DNA repair genes,cervical cancer,non HPV,northeast Thailand
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25640.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25640_226235537a5e67f81cf0524c7d2f91d0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Adjuvant Modified FOLFOX-4 in Patients with Stage III Rectum Adenocarcinoma
967
970
EN
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate efficacy and toxicity of a modified 5-fluorouracil (5-FU),folinic acid, oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX-4) regimen followed by infusional 5-FU concomitant with radiotherapy forcuratively resected stage III rectum adenocarcinoma patients. Patients and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Between April 2005 andJuly 2009, 55 operated stage III rectum cancer patients were evaluated retrospectively. mFOLFOX-4 regimen(oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 1st day, folinic acid 200 mg/m2 1st day, 5-FU 400 mg/m2 iv bolus 1st day, 5-FU 1600mg/m2 46 hours continuous infusion) was applied every 2 weeks. After four courses of mFOLFOX-4, 50.4 Gy(1.8 Gy in 28 fractions) radiotherapy with continuous 5-FU 200 mg/m²/day by infusion pump were given. Oncompletion of chemoradiation four more mFOLFOX-4 courses were given. <br/><b>Results</b>: Median age of the patientswas 54 years (range 23-73 years). Low anterior resection was performed in 37 (67.3%) and abdominoperinealresection in 16 (29.1%) . Ten (18.2%) patients were at stage IIIA, 24 (43.6%) at stage IIIB and 21 (38.2%) atstage IIIC. Planned chemotherapy cycles were completed in 92.7% of patients. Grades 3-4 toxicity includedneutropenia (9.1%), febrile neutropenia (3.6%), anemia (3.6%), diarrhea (21.8%), neuropathy (9.1%), renaltoxicity (3.6%), hepatotoxicity (5.5%). Median follow-up time was 30 (9-57) months. Local recurrence anddistant metastasis was observed in 3 (5.5%) and 10 (18.2%) patients, respectively. Ten (18.2%) patients diedduring follow-up. Three years disease free survival and overall survival were 67.5% and 77.3%, respectively.<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: mFOLFOX-4 following chemoradiotherapy with continuous 5- FU infusion is an effective and welltolerated adjuvant treatment for stage III rectal carcinoma patients.
rectal cancer,adjuvant chemoradiotherapy,Oxaliplatin,FOLFOX regimen
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25641.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25641_26828437e88ac900801e60324f7be7d6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Pentoxifylline Therapy in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
971
974
EN
<br/><b>Objectives</b>: Oral submucous fibrosis is a common premalignant condition in the Indian subcontinent andis caused by chewing areca nut and other irritants in various forms. Its medical treatment is not yet fullystandardized. In this study we compared the efficacy of Pentoxifylline as compared to placebo. Materials andmethods: 75 patients suffering from oral submucous fibrosis were randomly divided into two groups A and B.Group A patients received placebo, while Group B patients received 400 mg. Pentoxifylline for a period of 7months. Treatment outcome was evaluated on the basis of improvement in symptom and sign scores. Student’s‘t’ test was applied for comparing the results. <br/><b>Results</b>: The improvement in total (i.e. symptoms + sign) scorewas 25% in group A and 49.15% in group B. This difference was found to be statistically significant. (p < 0.05)<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Treatment regimen of group B was more effective. No significant side effects were seen. A follow upstudy is required to assess long term outcome of this therapy.
Oral submucous fibrosis,pentoxifylline,therapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25642.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25642_aeced68cbb693986b4ebeac20137ac99.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Knowledge, Facilitators and Perceived Barriers for Early Detection of Breast Cancer among Elderly Turkish Women
975
984
EN
This article deals with elderly Turkish women’s experiences with breast self examination, clinical breastexamination and mammography screening, as well as perceived barriers and facilitators in the theoreticalframework of the Health Belief Model and the Health Promotion Model. This is a qualitative study performed on46 elderly women aged 60-75 years. Data were collected with focus group interviews and analyzed systematicallywith qualitative analysis techniques to determine themes concerning knowledge and facilitators of and perceivedbarriers to early detection of breast cancer among elderly women. Barriers to screening were insufficientknowledge, fear, neglect/postponement, embarrassment/religious beliefs, inability to make an appointment, lackof a physician’s recommendation and health professionals’ attitudes. Facilitating factors were being informedabout screening, fear, awareness of cancer screening, familial history of breast cancer and social support, makingan appointment, health professionals’ communication and physicians’ recommendations. Public health nursesand health professionals from other health disciplines should be aware of elderly women’s need for knowledgeabout screening, understand elderly women’s fear and worries about their health and know barriers to andfacilitators of screening.
breast cancer,early detection,elderly Turkish women
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25643.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25643_98f476c0a9ea446aff5c8c5e7b3605d0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Ubenimex capsule Improves General Performance and Chemotherapy related Toxicity in Advanced Gastric Cancer Cases
985
987
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To evaluate the effect of ubenimex capsule on general performance and chemotherapy relatedtoxicity in patients with advanced gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Patients with advancedgastric cancer were randomly divided into two groups: with or without ubenimex. All received the followingregimen for 2 cycles: docetaxel 40mg/m2 intravenous infusion on days 1 and 8, cisplatin 15mg/m2 and tegafur600mg/m2 intravenous infusion from days 1 to 5. Oral ubenimex capsule at 30mg daily was continued for 8 weeksfrom the start of chemotherapy. Study targets included Karnofsky performance status (KPS), body weight,leukocytes, hemoglobin, variation of several immunologic index prior,during and after chemotherapy. <br/><b>Results</b>:Sixty-three patients were recruited into this study, 32 randomly entered into the ubenimex capsule and 31 intothe control group. KPS score and body weight after chemotherapy were more stable in the treatment group(P <0.05), and myelosuppression, including reduction of leukocytes, hemoglobin and platelets, was milder (P<0.05). T lymphocytes (CD3 +), T assisted- induced lymphocytes (CD3 +, CD4 +), T suppressor and NK cells(CD16 +, CD56 +) all increased after ubenimex capsule intake, while decreasing in the control group (P <0.05).<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Ubenimex capsule could improve general performance and reduce chemotherapy related toxicityin patients with advanced gastric cancer.
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25644.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25644_9b3a81863b51df0e1ece0be2509226e0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Comparison between Direct Sequencing and INNO-LiPA Methods for HPV Detection and Genotyping in Thai Women
989
994
EN
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been recognized as etiologic factors in cervical carcinoma andseveral other anogenital cancers in females and males. HPV are classified as low risk (LR), probable high riskand high risk (HR) on the basis of their oncogenic potential. HPV genotypes, which are crucial for diagnosisand relationship with carcinogenesis, have been determined by several genotyping methods. In this study, twogenotyping methods were compared: direct sequencing and INNO-LiPA. In total, 2,494 cervical specimens weretested and 27.2 % of these were found to be HPV DNA positive with 24.5% showing normal cytology. Specimenswere divided into four groups according to their pathological cytology as normal, LSIL, HSIL and cancer and 134specimens were selected for HPV genotyping by both methods. HPV genotyping results showed 87.5% positivecorrelation. With 17 specimens, the results were discordant, 12 specimens showed different genotypes. Othershad genotypes that could not be typed by the INNO-LiPA method. Neither did direct sequencing in 3 differentregions yield unequivocal results. Both genotyping methods have advantages and disadvantages. Consequently,the method most suitable for the study objective, budget and predominance of HPV genotype in any given areashould be selected.
HPV,Genotyping,direct sequencing,INNO-LiPA
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25645.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25645_548ff465f89565d0104d0cbb126a553f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Perceptions and Opinions towards Skin Cancer Prevention in Malaysia: A Qualitative Approach
995
999
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: Malignant melanoma in particular is one of the few remaining cancers with an increasingincidence. <br/><b>Objectives</b>: The objective of this study is to explore the perceptions and opinions of young Malaysianstowards skin cancer prevention. Methodology: Focus group discussions were conducted among 33 medical sciencestudents from Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Malaysia, using convenience sampling.Students were divided into 4 focus groups consisting of 8, 8, 9 and 8 students respectively. The facilitator wrotedown the conversations and data obtained were classified into various categories and analyzed manually. <br/><b>Results</b>:The majority of the participants mentioned that overexposure to ultraviolet light is the commonest cause ofskin cancer but also that the most benefit we get from sun ight is vitamin D synthesis. The majority mentionedthat the best prevention measure for skin cancer is using a sunscreen, followed by limit exposure to the sun.<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: The present study demonstrated there is a lack of knowledge regarding screening methods andprevention measures of skin cancer. Therefore, there is a need to establish health education unit in all universitiesto educate all university students regarding various health problems including skin cancer prevention.
Skin cancer prevention,Perceptions,Qualitative study,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25646.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25646_49f9dfec7fd6a3948c21a28170e4d01a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Colorectal Cancer in Young Cambodians
1001
1005
EN
Aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common disease in the older population, but it has become increasinglyevident that it is also not infrequent in the young. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological,clinical and pathological characteristics of CRC in young Cambodians. <br/><b>Methods</b>: We examined clinical andpathological data from all CRC cases registered in the two reference centres for gastrointestinal tumours inCambodia between 2005-2010. Age-specific CRC incidence rates were computed using the national populationcensus 2008 data from the National Institute of Statistics. We compared differences in distribution of tumourlocation, histology, differentiation and UICC/TNM stage in two age groups, namely < 40 and ≥ 40. <br/><b>Results</b>:During this period, there were 356 new CRC cases, of which 29.8% affected patients younger than 40. Thisproportion is the second highest in the world, with a higher proportion only reported in Egyptian population.The crude incidence was 2.82 and 2.36 per 100,000 in females and males, respectively. Adenocarcinoma was themost common histologic type, and >50% of all tumours occurred in the colon, with no appreciable variationbetween the two age groups. Mucin-producing and advanced-grade tumours were twice more frequent in theyoung. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: The unusually high CRC proportion in the young in our study could be due to referralbias. Nevertheless, together with the continuous exposure to hazardous environmental agents and the prevalentconsanguinity in Cambodia, this question warrants further research to advance our understanding of CRC riskfactors and perhaps genetic-environmental interactions in CRC epidemiology in young adults.
colorectal cancer,Epidemiology,Characteristics,young patients,Cambodia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25647.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25647_452ed41b14f841355c724cca39ba123b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Colorectal Cancer Screening amongst First Degree Relatives of Colon Cancer Cases in Jordan
1007
1011
EN
<br/><b>Objectives</b>: Early detection and screening for colorectal cancer is important among first degree relatives (FDR)of colon cancer cases. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Our target population comprised all such FDR, above 40 years of age, registeredduring the years 2003-2007, Jordan. Detailed information about cancer cases was collected from Jordan CancerRegistry. The screening study was conducted through two stages, where all FDR were examined at their homesfor any suggestive related symptoms of colorectal cancer, then those who were suspected to have cancer werereferred to hospital for confirmatory colonoscopy. <br/><b>Results</b>: First degree relatives amounted to 3,574 subjects,153 (4.3%) were complaining of signs and/or symptoms suggestive of CRC. Of them 58 (37.9%) did not acceptcolonoscopy. The confirmation colonoscopy results for the remaining 95 (62.1%) indicated two confirmed CRCcases. Seventy three percent of the suspected cases complained mainly from change in bowel habit and about onefifth felt cramping. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: This study raised the question of cost effectiveness and cost benefits of runninga nationwide screening program for such cancer in a developing country. On the other hand it highlights theimportance of early detection activities in Jordan as it was the first study to be conducted among a communitydwelling high risk population in the country.Keywords: Colorectal cancer - screening - early
colorectal cancer,Screening,early detection,first degree relatives,Jordan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25648.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25648_1a181b9807e635b8e6cc1ac163683bfd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Cost of Care for Lung Cancer in the First Year after Diagnosis in Iran
1013
1015
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: The aim of this study was to estimate the cost of lung cancer treatment in the first year afterdiagnosis in Iran. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Patients from two referral hospitals providing all lines of treatmentto cancer patients in Tehran were sampled. The direct cost included the costs that patients and other payer’s(insurance, NGO’s, or other source of payment services) paid for the services received since their first confirmeddiagnosis of cancer for the duration of one year. Nine items of services were evaluated for each case with exactcosts abstracted from patient’s files. Using incidence of lung cancer and population figure of the country, totalnumber of lung cancer was estimated. The total and itemized costs were estimated using an average per patientsfor each service. <br/><b>Results</b>: The average age at diagnosis was around 56 years and majority of cases were male.All patients were insured by major insurance companies. A total of 5,829 cases of lung cancer were estimated tooccur in 2010. The average±standard deviation (sd) of duration of hospital stay was 11.9±9.7 days. Not all thepatients received all lines of services: 86% received surgery, 36% radiotherapy; and 45% chemotherapy in thefirst year. Some 14% of cases utilized physiotherapy and 11.5% needed pre-treatment counseling. The grandtotal cost of treatment for the first year of services since diagnosis was estimated at 11,262,386 US dollars forthe whole population of Iran in the year 2010. Among different services provided to the patients, surgery withannual cost of 3,178,725 US dollars constitute 28% of the total cost; radiotherapy and cost of paid for medicationwith an annual cost of 4,242,244 US dollars accounted for 38% of total costs. With 7.8% of Iranian GDP beingconsumed in health expenditure, the direct cost of lung cancer for the first year after diagnosis amounted to4% of this figure. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our study, the first to estimate the direct cost of lung cancer in Iran, indicatehow costly lung cancer is to the country. More comprehensive studies are needed to validate our results plus toassess other cost including indirect costs.
Lung cancer,Iran,first year of treatment,economic costs
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25649.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25649_a7fa980c27ce037424f04b9b6455aa56.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
p53 Expression as a Marker of Microinvasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
1017
1022
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has high local recurrence, partly caused by the lack ofclear margin identification on surgical removal of cancerous tissues. Direct visualization by immunostaining andfluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in tissue sections gives more definite information about genetic damageat margins with appropriately selected biomarkers. Aims: To determine the usefulness of immunohistochemicaltechniques and FISH of the tumour suppressor TP 53 gene to identify microinvasion in marginal tissue sectionsand to relate the possible correlation between protein expression and genetic aberrations in OSCC cases inMalaysia. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Immunohistochemistry and FISH of TP 53 genes were applied on 26 OSCC formalin fixedparaffin embed (FFEP) blocks selected from two oral cancer referral centers in Malaysia. <br/><b>Results</b>: For p53protein immunohistochemistry, 96% of the 26 OSCC studied showed positive immunostaining at the excisionmargins. In FISH assay, 48.9±9.7% of the cancerous cells were monoploid for p53 probe signals, 41.0±9.5 % werediploid, and 10.2±7.8 % were polyploid. A correlation between p53 immunostaining and TP53 gene aberrationswas noted (p<0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein expression and FISH of TP53gene could be applied as screening tool for microinvasion of OSCC.
Oral SCC,tumor margins,TP 53,fish,immunohistochemistry,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25650.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25650_95e82cd164ef8f4a28947ed108411acf.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Prevalence of Vitamin-mineral Supplements Use and Associated Factors Among Young Malaysians
1023
1029
EN
The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and associated factors of vitamin-mineral supplementsuse among Management and Science University students. The cross-sectional study protocol was approved by theEthics and Research Committee and questionnaires were distributed randomly using simple random samplingto students from all faculties and consent was obtained. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 13. Totalnumber of the participants in this study is 105. More than half of them were female, older than 20 years of ageand Malay (58.1%, 61.9 and 61.9% respectively). The prevalence of vitamin-mineral supplement use was 43%,the main reasons being ‘to maintain good health’ 80%, followed by ‘to ensure adequate nutrition’ (10.5%).There was a significant positive association with monthly household income and BMI (P=0.039; P=0.048), withsignificant dependence on race and knowledge about vitamin-mineral supplements (P=0.002). There was asignificant difference between medical and health sciences as compared to non-medical and health science faculties(p =0.05). The conclusion is that although the prevalence of vitamin-mineral supplement use among universitystudents is relatively high, many of them do not have accurate information about supplements. Therefore, thereis a need to provide them with education and access to scientific and unbiased information.
Prevalence,vitamin,supplement,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25651.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25651_f735e1d3ff2beb8c1656ee5036f09ff5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Her2 Amplification Status in Iranian Breast Cancer Patients: Comparison of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Fluorescence in situ Hybridisation (FISH)
1031
1034
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: Her2/neu is a biomarker which is amplified and/or overexpressed in a subset of breast cancerpatients who are eligible to receive trastuzumab. Her-2 gene amplification analysed by fluorescence in situhybridisation (FISH) and/or protein over-expression detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) are the two mainmethods used to detect Her-2 status in clinical practice. The concordance rate between the two techniques iscontroversial. <br/><b>Methods</b>: FISH analysis were performed on 104 tumoural samples from breast cancer patientswith known IHC results to determine the Her2 gene status. The FISH/IHC analyses results were then comparedand the concordance rate was determined. <br/><b>Results</b>: Her2 gene amplification was detected in 0 of IHC score 1+,24/86 (27.91%) 2+, and 8/13 (61.54%) 3+. The IHC and FISH results concordance rates were 100%, 27.9%,and 61.5% for IHC scores of 1+, 2+, and 3+ respectively. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: The results of this study suggest that IHC1+ should be considered as negative while IHC 2+ results need further confirmative analysis by FISH. Furtherquality control and standardization of IHC technique are required to improve the concordance rate betweenthe two methods.
breast cancer,HER2,Trastuzumab,immunohistochemistry,fish
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25652.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25652_f0d4f991f81a77b0fb2a8f1e674557bd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Relation between IRF-1 gene and Acute Myelocytic Leukemia in Kashmiri population
1035
1039
EN
The IRF-1 protein, a mammalian transcriptional factor encoded by a gene located in 5q23-q31, hasantioncogenic properties. Involved in regulation of differentiation and proliferation, IRF-1 acts as a tumorsuppressor gene and is inactivated by deletion of its one or more exons (exon skipping) in many hematologicalmalignancies, including acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). DNAsamples, extracted from peripheral blood, taken from 50 Kashmiri AML subjects, were analysed using thepolymerase chain reaction and compared with examples of age and gender matched healthy controls from thesame population. Three different exon regions (2, 3 and 4) of the IRF-1 gene that were previously shown tobe prone to deletion were selected for amplification and analysis. Deletion was observed in 31(62%) out of 50AML patients (p=0.016). Exon 3 was most frequently deleted (58%), followed by exon 2 (28%), while exon 4was least affected (12%), providing insights into critical roles in leukemogenesis. The number of deleted exonswas variable, but single exon deletions were more frequent (30%). Of interest, IRF-1 gene deletions were notobserved in 19 (38%) patients. In our study, the frequency of deletions of these three exons was slightly higherthan in an Indian population (52%), but lower than in Sweden in Europe (95%). This study also explored theprevalence and clinical profile of IRF-1 deletions in AML patients. Adults had a significantly higher incidencethan children (p=0.0168) and IRF-1 deletions were associated with low Hb (p<0.0001), high TLC (p=0.0033)and a low platelet count (p=0.0076).
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25653.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25653_686068c230b95403d8d4913e2e75daf6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Biomonitoring of Genotoxic Effects Among Shielded Manual Metal Arc Welders
1041
1044
EN
Hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) used in shielded metal arc welding is widely recognized to act as a carcinogen,mutagen and teratogen. The carcinogenic potential of metals is a major issue in defining human health riskfrom exposure. Hence in the present investigation, 66 welders and 60 control subjects with similar mean ages,smoking prevalences and alcohol consumption were enrolled for DNA damage analysis of buccal cells bymicronucleus (MN) and comet assay. Welders showed a significant increase in micronucleated cells comparedto controls and a larger mean comet tail length. The current study thus suggested that chronic occupationalexposure to Cr (VI) during welding could lead to increased level of DNA damage. Understanding the complexityof the relationshipsbetween exposure, basal DNA damage and MN frequencies requires larger scale studies andapplication of complementary biomarkers.
Hexavalent Chromium,welding,genotoxicity,micronucleus,comet assay
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25654.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25654_73d47097a71b36755243605625539d7e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Extended Full-thickness Transanal Local Excision to Treat Ultra-low Rectal Cancer: an Initial Clinical Exploration
1045
1048
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To investigate the feasibility of extended full-thickness transanal local excision for rectal cancersinvading anorectal junction. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Four patients with small (size ≤3cm) unfixed rectal cancer, which extendedinto the upper anal canal, were submitted to transanal local excision with a dissection plane extended to thestriated muscle layer around the upper anal canal, so that a portion of striated muscle beneath or around thetumor was excised en bloc with the anorectal wall. The defect in the anorectal wall was laid open to granulate andepithelize. <br/><b>Results</b>: The mean operative time was 28±6 min, with no related mortality. Postoperative pathologicalexamination confirmed clear resection and revealed 1 T2, 2 T1, and 1 Tis carcinoma. The median follow-upwas 3.2 months (range, 1.5-13.0 months). Minor soiling with flatus incontinence was common during the firstpostoperative month. Two patients with a follow-up longer than 3 months had perfect anal continence. No localrecurrence was observed. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Extended full-thickness transanal local excision for rectal tumors lyingat the anorectal junction is safe and simple. Patients with partial excision of striated muscle around the upperanal canal may still enjoy good anal continence. Further studies on extended full-thickness transanal excisionare worthwhile.
Extended transanal local excision,rectal cancer,anorectal function,incontinence
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25655.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25655_e48e932d11d96cdd42e0cba47035843f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Long-term High-dose Proton Pump Inhibitor Administration to Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils Enhances Neuroendocrine tumor Development in the Glandular Stomach
1049
1054
EN
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are routinely used for control of upper gastrointestinal disorders, often withlong-term application. However, there has been some concern about the long-term safety and the possibilityof cancer induction and development of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) in the stomach. We therefore analyzedthe influence of PPI use on tumor development histologically, immunohistochemically, and serologically in theglandular stomachs of Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-infected and uninfected Mongolian gerbils (MGs). 53 MGswere divided into 6 groups: Hp+25PPI, Hp+5PPI, Hp, 25PPI, 5PPI, and controls. The high-dose Hp+25PPI and25PPI groups received the PPI (lansoprazole) at 25mg/kg/day, and the low-dose Hp+5PPI and 5PPI groups weregiven 5mg/kg/day. After 50 or 100 weeks, animals were sacrificed humanely, and the glandular stomach sampleswere evaluated histologically and phenotypically, using antibodies against chromogranin A (CgA), gastrin andgastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). Serum gastrin levels were also examined. NETs occurred in the Hp+25PPI,Hp+5PPI, Hp, and 25PPI groups, but there was no synergistic effect between Hp-infection and high-dose PPIadministration. Serum gastrin was increased statistically by Hp infection and high-dose PPI administration, butnot influenced by the low-dose. The NETs featured expression of CgA, but not gastrin or GIP. In conclusions,PPI at low dose had no influence on development of carcinomas and NETs in the Hp-infected and uninfectedglandular MG stomach, suggesting clinical safety. However, PPI at high dose increased NET development andserum gastrin in the MG model.
Neuroendocrine tumors,proton pump inhibitor,Helicobacter pylori,Mongolian gerbil
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25656.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25656_dd1d4fa9303e25014d63c1e4564f8473.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Irinotecan as a Second-line Monotherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer
1055
1059
EN
<br/><b>Objectives</b>: The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of irinotecan monotherapy as a secondlinetreatment for small cell lung cancers (SCLCs). <br/><b>Methods</b>: Irinotecan monotherapy was administered to 46SCLC patients who were previously undergone cisplatin based chemotherapy protocols. Response to treatment,time to progression (TTP), overall survival rates and adverse events associated with irinotecan monotherapy(300mg/m2; total 153 cycles; mean 3.78 ± 1.98) were determined, retrospectively. <br/><b>Results</b>: Limited stage diseasewas diagnosed in 19.6% of patients (n=9) while 80.4% (n=37) were diagnosed with extensive stage cancerpreceeding the irinotecan monotherapy. None of the patients had complete response to irinotecan. Partialresponse and stable disease were achieved among 17.5% of patients. Mean time to tumor progression (TTP) wasdetermined to be 11.3±5.94 weeks while overall survival was 13.3±6.83 months. Considering adverse events, grade3 and 4 toxicity was encountered in 8.9% and 4.5% of patients, respectively. Irinotecan monotherapy in brainmetastasized tumors was found to be associated with significantly higher survival times compared with tumorslacking brain metastasis (15.0±5.95 vs 10.7±4.82 months; p<0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Irinotecan as a monotherapy inthe second-line treatment of SCLC seems to have an acceptable level of toxicity and significant palliative effects.The prominent survival step-up effect particularly in brain metastasis patients appears worthy of note.
Small-cell lung cancer,second-line chemotherapy,Irinotecan,survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25657.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25657_4cbd8deddc7806b76e39b6f7294d492b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Association between Diabetes Mellitus and Breast Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis of the Literature
1061
1065
EN
Aim/hypothesis: Diabetes and breast cancer are both serious life-threatening diseases across the world.Some studies shows that diabetes is associated with many kinds of tumor, but links with breast cancer remaincontroversial. The aim of this study was to assess the association the available evidence. Subjects and methods:A meta-analysis was conducted including 16 studies published between 2000 and 2010 and summary relativerisks(RRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using random-effects model. <br/><b>Results</b>: The combined evidence supportsthat diabetes was associated with a statistically significant 23% increased risk of breast cancer, especially inpostmenopausal women (RR=1.25 95%CI 1.20-1.29). The correlation between diabetes and breast cancer wasthe most obvious in Europe (RR=1.88,95%CI:1.56-2.25), followed by America (RR=1.16, 95%CI:1.12-1.20).In Asia the result was not significant (RR=1.01, 95%CI=0.84-1.21). Diabetes also increased mortality frombreast cancer overall (RR=1.44, 95%CI:1.31-1.58). Conclusions/interpretation: This meta-analysis indicatedthat diabetes can be considered as a risk factor for breast cancer. In addition, menstruation status as well asgeographical distribution can affect the relationship.
breast cancer,Diabetes,association,systemic review,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25658.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25658_84d0771a88b40b84c9868ac71443ca61.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Association of the hOGG1 Ser326Cys Polymorphism with Increased Lung Cancer Susceptibility in Asians: a Metaanalysis of 18 Studies Including 7592 Cases and 8129 Controls
1067
1072
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To understand the influence of the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism on lung cancer susceptibility,an updated meta-analysis was performed. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 7,592 patients and 8,129 controls from 18 studies,identified by searching ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, EMBase and CNKI database up to January 2011,were included. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95%confidence intervals (CIs). <br/><b>Results</b>: Overall, the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms were associated with the riskof lung cancer. In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, histological type, smoking status, significant associationwith lung cancer risk in Asians was found either in the dominant (crude OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.33 for Cys/Cys+Ser/Cys versus Ser/Ser) or recessive (crude OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08-1.35 for Cys/Cys versus Ser/Cys+Ser/Ser) model. An increased risk with statistical significance was found in recessive model for squamous carcinoma(adjusted OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.30-2.80) and adenocarcinoma (adjusted OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.23-1.87). Significantassociation with lung cancer risk among heavy smokers was found in the recessive model (crude OR, 1.67; 95%CI, 1.26-2.21). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results indicated that the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism might contributeto the risk of non-small cell lung cancer in the Asian population.
hOGG1polymorphism,Lung cancer,Meta-analysis,Asian populations
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25588.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25588_4b2dfc4dfe53f53110dbf2ad0f8106a3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Colorectal Cancer in Central Tunisia: Increasing Incidence Trends over a 15-Year Period
1073
1076
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: Significant variation in colorectal cancer incidence rates and trends has been observed acrosscountries. Data from Tunisia are sparse. In this paper, we analyzed trends in incidence rates of the colorectalcancer over a 15-year period, 1993-2007, in Central Tunisia. Design: Five-year age-specific rates, crude incidencerates, world age-standardized rates, and annual percent change were calculated using annual data on populationsize and its estimated age structure. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 1,443 incident cases of colorectal cancer were registered,with a male to-female sex ratio of 1.1:1. The world age-standardized rate was 10.0 per 100,000 among femalesand 11.7 among males. Over time, there were significant increasing trends by +2.6% (95% CI: 0.1%, 5.1%)and +5.3% (95% CI: 2.7%, 7.9%) for females and males, respectively. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: The absence of a screeningprogram for colorectal cancer could explain the increasing trends observed among males and females in CentralTunisia. Our findings point the need to plan and develop effective programs aimed at the control and preventionof the spread of colorectal cancer in Tunisia.
colorectal cancer,incidence trends,increase,Tunisia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25589.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25589_4253493b01e7f1194b67974fca04727f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Comparison of Helicobacter pylori Antibody Detection in Stool with other Diagnostic Tests for Infection
1077
1081
EN
For detection of Helicobacter pylori, bacterial culture and histopathological examination are invasive innature, whereas the fast urease test and urea breath test are non-invasive and indirect methods of detection.Stool antibody tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect genomic DNA are serological methods,which are preferred to invasive examinations. Our aim was to assess diagnostic specifity and sensitivity of stoolantibody tests, with histopathological examination as the golden standard and to compare results with fasturease test findings. Biopsy samples of patients in the study were evaluated as examples of invasive methods,and also stool antibody screening were made (HpSA). When urease and HpSA test results were compared withhistopathological results, sensitivity and specificity of urease test were 62.2% and 100%, respectively, and 68.9%and 100% for the HpSA test. General accuracy was 80% and 81%, respectively , positive predictive value 100%with each and negative predictive values 66.1% and 67.2% . The differences were not statistically significant,and the confidence intervals were approximately in the same range. Thus results obtained with biopsy ureaseand HpSA tests were generally similar to those obtained by histopathological examination. A review of nationaland international literature showed similar findings.
Helicobacter pylori,Diagnosis,invasive tests,non-invasive tests
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25590.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25590_a2690622a274b457a67d279f3ae8cfcb.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Socioeconomic Status and Lung Cancer Risk in Nepal
1083
1088
EN
Background. Lung cancer is the most common cancer among men and the third most common cancer amongwomen in Nepal. Socioeconomic disparities in lung cancer have not been studied in the Nepalese population.Methods. We conducted a lung cancer case-control study, including 209 cases and 313 controls at the main cancerhospital in Nepal, the B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital (BPKMCH). Results. We observed differences inlung cancer risk by ethnicity; the Rai, Limbu and Magar groups had a higher risk of lung cancer than Brahmin(OR=3.11, 95%CI=1.55-6.23). An inverse association was observed between education and lung cancer risk(p for trend=0.0008). We also observed greater lung cancer risk among unmarried individuals (OR=2.25,95%CI=1.12-4.53), and lower risk in individuals who lived in the Central region compared to the West (OR=0.47,95%CI=0.26-0.85). There were greater proportions of late stage cancers among women compared to men, inthe Rai/Limbu/Magar ethnic groups, in individuals with lower education and in older age groups. Conclusions.Disparities in lung cancer risk were observed by race/ethnicity, education, marital status, and by region ofresidence. Further research on socioeconomic influence on lung cancer in Nepal is warranted to develop betterprevention efforts against the disease.
cervical cancer,Control Measures,Screening,risk factors,natural history
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25659.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25659_22288138f42055fa92d75893757e1cb0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Maté Consumption and Risk of Cancer: a Multi-site Case-Control Study in Uruguay
1089
1093
EN
In the time period 1990-2004 we conducted a multisite case-control study in order to examine the relationshipof maté consumption and risk of 13 cancer sites in Montevideo, Uruguay. The study included 13,201 participants(8,875 cases and 4,326 controls) drawn from the four major public hospitals in the city of Montevideo. Newlydiagnosed and microscopically confirmed cases of cancers of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, colon,rectum, larynx, lung, female breast, cervix uteri, prostate, bladder and kidney were included in the study. Controlswere drawn from the same hospitals and in the same time period and were afflicted by non-neoplastic conditionsnot related with tobacco smoking or alcohol drinking and without recent changes in their diets. Odds ratios formaté consumption was directly associated with cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), esophagus,stomach, larynx, lung, cervix uteri, prostate, bladder, and kidney. In conclusion these results suggest thatchemicals, like benzo[a]pyrene, could be responsible of the carcinogenic effect of maté in the above mentionedcancer sites.
Maté,drinking - cancer risk - contaminants - multi-sites
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25660.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25660_77c2b66f0bd08adc1943c60bd3cb3b43.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
HPV Vaccination in Hong Kong: Implications for Medical Education
1095
1099
EN
Objective. To explore the experience and attitudes of physicians in clinics, and to facilitate physicians’promotion of HPV vaccination. Data Sources. Primary data collected from conducting semi-structural indepthinterviews from May to June 2010 with 12 physicians in one district in Hong Kong to understand theirexperience of providing HPV vaccines, the difficulties in promoting HPV vaccines, and their attitudes towardsHPV vaccination. Study Design. Physicians identified 4 categories of factors related to their experiences of andattitudes to providing HPV vaccination: (a) background information on HPV vaccination provided by physicians,(b) factors influencing women to receive vaccination, (c) physicians’ recommendations to the public on HPVvaccines, and (d) physicians’ perspectives on HPV vaccine promotion. Conclusions. Our findings show thatpublic knowledge on HPV and cervical cancer is insufficient and the role of government in vaccine promotionis unclear. Promotion strategies such as physicians’ recommendation, financial assistance and health educationprovided by the government will influence HPV vaccination and its promotion.
cervical cancer,HPV,Vaccines,Hong Kong,General practitioners
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25661.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25661_ae80f22309d179b7b2b4f493ee218097.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Outcomes of Children with Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in India
1101
1102
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25662.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25662_897957c4abef2f867a919ebadf0bc274.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Successful Management of Bevacizumab-Associated Surgical Bleeding with an Ankaferd Blood Stopper
1103
1104
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25663.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25663_3236d31cc3d7d9c89df79fcadeddd419.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
12
4
2011
04
01
Bone Health in Survivors of Lymphoma, Treated with High Dose Steroids - is there a Need for Clearer Guidelines on Bone Care?
1105
1106
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25664.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25664_5876aba66e96a070a740f208d97e45db.pdf