West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
New APJCP Impact Factor for 2012 is 1.271 - Time to Make a Major Effort to Break Through the 2.0 Barrier
3377
3378
EN
The APJCP Impact Factor for 2012 is 1.271, returning from 0.659 for 2011 (1.240 for 2010 and 1.108 for 2009).For an Asian Pacific journal publishing over 100 papers a month from countries with very varied resources itis heartening and we thank all those who continued to submit papers and cite references in the APJCP throughour difficult period. However, we still have very much room for improvement. As Chief Editors it is our sharedresponsibility to act for the benefit of the cancer control research community who utilize the journal in our regionof over four billion people and provide a prestigious forum for publication of research findings which can befreely shared by all. The motivation for the APOCP/APJCP has never been financial profit but a firm financialbase is nevertheless essential. Although we have kind support from the Korean National Cancer Center for ourManaging Editor and the website, our ability to maintain our Chinese and Thai offices is totally dependent onthe processing charges paid by the authors. In order to expand our staff to cope with increased submissionsand provide greater assistance in ensuring comprehensive reference coverage and dissemination of findingspublished in the APJCP to the worldwide research community, a joint decision has been made to increaseformatting charges by 50% from July. We ask for author understanding. In addition, we appeal to scientiststo positively consider our requests to make their reference lists as comprehensive as possible, including papersfrom the APJCP where appropriate. The future of the journal and the APOCP is largely in your own hands.
APJCP,Impact factor,citations,formatting charges
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27795.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27795_2375a7141d22d2ce399e4684ec8c603b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Occupational Cancers with Chemical Exposure and their Prevention in Korea: A Literature Review
3379
3391
EN
The usage and types of chemicals being developed, with diversified new exposure of workers, are of naturalconcern to occupational disease. In Korea, with industrialization, application of many chemicals has increased.A large proportion of mortality and disease is due to cancer, and the causal hazardous agents include chemicalagents, like heavy metals and so on. Due to the long latency period with malignancies and the fact they areusually found after workers’ retirement, it is suggested that management policies must be established to preventoccupational cancers occurring among workers in Korea. To give a general description about the efforts toprevent the occupational cancer with exposure to chemicals, articles on the trends of occupational cancerswere reviewed and summarized with related research and efforts for prevention in Korea. It is important toimprove the understanding of occupational cancer and help to maintain sustainable and appropriate measuresto guarantee workers safety and health.
Occupational cancer,chemicals,Prevention,Korea
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27796.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27796_f5238fdce8c95aa9a3f6a66c3c4c1957.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Heavy Metal Pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa and Possible Implications in Cancer Epidemiology
3393
3402
EN
The increasing scourge of cancer epidemiology is a global concern. With WHO emphasizing that 40% of allcancer cases are preventable, exposure to known and suspected carcinogens must be discouraged. The battlewith communicable diseases and other third world challenges has greatly de-emphasized anti-cancer campaignsin sub-Saharan Africa. The abundant deposit of mineral resources in sub-Saharan Africa has attracted highmining activity with its negative environmental aftermath. Poor regulatory mechanisms have led to environmentalcontamination by products of mining including heavy metals. In addition to poor urban planning, the springingup of settlements in industrial areas has led to generation and exposure to more hazardous wastes consequenton poor disposal systems. Studies establishing close association between exposure to heavy metals and cancerepidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa are increasing. The current review assesses the level of environmentalpollution by heavy metals in sub-Saharan Africa, and brings to the fore available evidence implicating such inthe increasing cancer epidemiology in the sub-continent.
cancer,Environmental pollution,heavy metals,Sub-Saharan Africa,Epidemiology
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27797.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27797_16e38c5365221e9b8fe2cad242c2ac26.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Hereditary Genes and SNPs Associated with Breast Cancer
3403
3409
EN
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women affecting up to one third of tehm during their lifespans.Increased expression of some genes due to polymorphisms increases the risk of breast cancer incidence. Sincemutations that are recognized to increase breast cancer risk within families are quite rare, identification of theseSNPs is very important. The most important loci which include mutations are; BRCA1, BRCA2, PTEN, ATM,TP53, CHEK2, PPM1D, CDH1, MLH1, MRE11, MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, NBN, PMS1, PMS2, BRIP1, RAD50,RAD51C, STK11 and BARD1. Presence of SNPs in these genes increases the risk of breast cancer and associateddiagnostic markers are among the most reliable for assessing prognosis of breast cancer. In this article we reviewedthe hereditary genes of breast cancer and SNPs associated with increasing the risk of breast cancer that wererecently were reported from candidate gene, meta-analysis and GWAS studies. SNPs of genes associated withbreast cancer can be used as a potential tool for improving cancer diagnosis and treatment planning.
breast cancer,hereditary genes,SNPs
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27798.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27798_4f54566a1f0205b00300b100f6e33d37.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Cancer Control and the Communication Innovation in South Korea: Implications for Cancer Disparities
3411
3417
EN
Over the last 10 years, the number of cancer survivors in South Korea has reached nearly one million with asurvival rate of 49.4%. However, integrated supportive care for cancer survivors is lagging. One area in which thecurrent cancer control policy needs updating is in the utilization of information and communication technology(ICT). The remarkable progress in the field of ICT over the past 10 years presents exciting new opportunitiesfor health promotion. Recent communication innovations are conducive to the exchange of meta-information,giving rise to a new service area and transforming patients into active medical consumers. Consequently, suchinnovations encourage active participation in the mutual utilization and sharing of high-quality information.However, these benefits from new ICTs will almost certainly not be equally available to all, leading to so-calledcommunication inequalities where cancer survivors from lower socioeconomic classes will likely have morelimited access to the best means of making use of the health information. Therefore, most essentially, emphasismust be placed on helping cancer survivors and their caregivers utilize such advances in ICT to create a moreefficient flow of health information, thereby reducing communication inequalities and expanding social support.Once we enhance access to health information and better manage the quality of information, as a matter of fact,we can expect an alleviation of the health inequalities faced by cancer survivors.
Cancer control,information and communication technology,health communication,South Korea
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27799.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27799_1a5c4c37306c173721dc657da4318ed5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Molecular Therapy as a Future Strategy in Endometrial Cancer
3419
3423
EN
Of all gynecologic cancers, endometrial cancer is the most common cancer in the US and Europe. In addition,it is presently the second most common gynecologic cancer in the world. As a result of increasing menopausal,obese and tamoxifen use women, the incidence of the cancer seems to be on the increase. Surgery is the majortreatment, whereas postoperative radiation therapy in high-intermediate risk patients many prevent locoregionalrecurrence. Adjuvant chemotherapy can improve progression free survival in advanced or recurrent cancers.Molecular targeted therapies are now a focus of attention including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). They mayprovide useful future strategies for control of endometrial malignancies in developing countries and across theworld.
Endometrial cancer,molecular therapy,VEGF,mTOR,TKI
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27800.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27800_f7403a9e7cc336bfe2f131fe67642f19.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Mycoplasma genitalium and Cancer: A Brief Review
3425
3428
EN
Approximately, 15-20% of all cancers worldwide are caused by infectious agents. Understanding the roleof infectious agents on cancer development might be useful for developing new approaches to its prevention.Mycoplasma genitalium is a clinically important sexually transmitted pathogen that has been associated withseveral human diseases. There have been a few studies suggestive of probable roles of Mycoplasma genitalium incancer development, including prostate and ovarian cancers and lymphomas, but the role of this microorganismlike other Mycoplasma species in neoplasia is still conjectural. Considering the prevalence of Mycoplasmagenitalium infections and also the emergence of resistant strains, Mycoplasma genitalium needs more attentionin the infectious agent cancer-causing research area.
Mycoplasma,cancer,infectious etiology,Infection
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27801.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27801_e7fdf1bfcad0ffb8608c00ab7d14da02.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Roles of Plant Extracts and Constituents in Cervical Cancer Therapy
3429
3436
EN
Cervical cancer is a major health problem worldwide and is the most frequent cause of cancer in womenin India. Early detection and affordable drugs with clinical efficacy have to go hand-in-hand in order tocomprehensibly address this serious health challenge. Plant-based drugs with potent anticancer effects shouldadd to the efforts to find a cheap drug with limited clinical side effects. Keeping this very purpose in mind, anattempt has been made in this review to explore the potential of plant extracts or constituents known to exhibitantitumorigenic activity or exert cytotoxic effect in human cervical carcinoma cells. Alkaloids such as thoseisolated from C. vincetoxicum and T. Tanakae, naucleaorals A and B, isolated from the roots of N. orientalis,(6aR)-normecambroline, isolated from the bark of N. dealbata appear promising in different human cervicalcarcinoma cells with the IC50 of 4.0-8 μg/mL. However, other compounds such as rhinacanthone and neolignansisolated from different plants are not far behind and kill cervical cancer cells at a very low concentrations.Among plant extracts or its constituents that enhance the effect of known anticancer drugs, noni, derived fromthe plant M. citrifolia perhaps is the best candidate. The cytotoxic potency and apoptotic index of cisplatin wasfound to significantly enhanced in combination with noni in different human cervical carcinoma cells and ittherefore holds significance as promising herbal-based anticancer agent. However, efficacy needs to be furtherinvestigated in various cervical cell lines and more importantly, in in vivo cervical cancer models for possibleuse as an alternative and safe anticancer drug
Cervical carcinoma cells,plant extracts / constituents,alkaloids,Cytotoxicity
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27802.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27802_7fbbc24ed8baf595ed4e89e2ca270d84.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Serum Protein and Genetic Tumor Markers of Gastric Carcinoma
3437
3442
EN
The high incidence of gastric cancer and consequent mortality pose severe threats to human health. Earlyscreening, diagnosis and treatment are the key to improve the prognosis of the patients with gastric cancer.Gastroscopy with biopsy is an efficient method for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer, but the associateddiscomfort and high cost make it difficult to be a routine method for screening gastric cancer. Serum tumormarker assay is a simple and practical method for detection of gastric cancer, but it is limited by poor sensitivityand specificity. Therefore, people have been looking for novel serum markers of gastric cancer in recent years.Here we review the novel serum tumor markers of gastric cancer and their diagnostic significance, focusing onthe discoveries from serum proteomics analyses and epigenetics researches.
Gastric cancer,serum tumor markers,screening and diagnosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27803.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27803_94f0b503e48cd998f7f8020e4e8a5736.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Interleukin 10 rs1800872 T>G Polymorphism was Associated with an Increased Risk of Esophageal Cancer in a Chinese Population
3443
3447
EN
Aim: Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer and sixth leading cause of cancer associateddeath worldwide. The 5 year survival rate for esophageal cancer patients is very poor and accounts for only12.3%. Besides environmental risk factors, genetic factors might play an important role in the esophageal cancercarcinogenesis. <br/><b>Methods</b>: We conducted a hospital based case–control study to evaluate the genetic effects offunctional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): interleukin 9 (IL9) rs31563 C>T, IL9 rs31564 G>T, IL10rs1800872 T>G, IL12A rs2243115 T>G, IL12B rs3212227 T>G and IL13 rs1800925 C>T on the developmentof esophageal cancer. A total of 380 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cases and 380 controls wererecruited for this study. The genotypes were determined using a custom-by-design 48-Plex SNPscanTM Kit. <br/><b>Results</b>:The IL10 rs1800872 T>G polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of ESCC. However, there were nosignificant links with the other five SNPs. Stratified analyses indicated no significant risk of ESCC associated withthe IL10 rs1800872 T>G polymorphism evident among any subgroups. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: These findings indicated thatfunctional polymorphism IL10 rs1800872 T>G might contribute to ESCC susceptibility. However, our resultswere obtained with a limited sample size, so that the power of our analysis was low. Future larger studies withmore rigorous study designs of other ethnic populations are required to confirm the current findings.
IL10,polymorphisms,Esophageal Cancer,Molecular epidemiology,Chinese
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27804.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27804_f148db8cca3a756f5c28cafb4a3763eb.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Curcumin and Silibinin Inhibit Telomerase Expression in T47D Human Breast Cancer Cells
3449
3453
EN
<b>Background:</b> Telomerase has been considered as an attractive molecular target for breast cancer therapy. Themain objective of this work is to assess the inhibitory effects of silibinin and curcumin, two herbal substances,on telomerase gene expression in breast cancer cells. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: For determination of cell viabilitytetrazolium-based assays were conducted after 24, 48, and 72 h exposure times and expression of human telomerasereverse transcriptase gene was measured with real-time PCR. <br/><b>Results</b>: Each compound exerted cytotoxic effectson T47D cells and inhibited telomerase gene expression, both in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The mixtureof curcumin and silibinin showed relatively more inhibitory effect on growth of T47D cells and hTERT geneexpression as compared with either agent alone. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: These findings suggest that cell viability alongwith hTERT gene expression in breast cancer cells could be reduced by curcumin and silibinin.
curcumin,silibinin,breast cancer,Telomerase
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27805.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27805_b452a58bc3a0879b8f8725122906002b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Evaluation of a Specially Designed Tobacco Control Program to Reduce Tobacco Use among School Children in Kerala
3455
3459
EN
<b>Background:</b> Smoking and smokeless tobacco use are almost always initiated and established duringadolescence. More than 80% of adult smokers begin smoking before 18 years of age. The main objective of thepresent study is to assess the feasibility of preventing adolescent tobacco use with the help of a specially designedtobacco control program. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A cross sectional survey on tobacco use and related healtheffects was conducted using a structured questionnaire in 13 randomly selected schools in Kannur district ofKerala. These students were followed for a period of one academic year with multiple spaced interventions suchas anti-tobacco awareness classes, formation of anti-tobacco task forces, inter-school competitions, supplyingIEC (information, education and communication) materials and providing a handbook on tobacco control forschool personnel. Final evaluation was at the end of one year. <br/><b>Results</b>: There were 4,144 school children whoparticipated in the first phase of the study. The prevalence of tobacco smoking and chewing habits were 9.85%and 2.24% respectively. Ninety-one percent had parental advice against tobacco use and only 3.79% expresseddesire for future tobacco use. The final evaluation witnessed a sharp decline in the current tobacco use as 4.68%.We observed a statistically significant difference towards the future use of tobacco (p<0.001) and awarenessabout the ill effects of passive smoking (p<0.001) among boys and girls. Further a significantly increasedknowledge was observed among boys compared to girls about tobacco and oral cancer (p=0.046). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:The comprehensive school based tobacco control project significantly reduced the tobacco use pattern in thetarget population. School tobacco projects incorporating frequent follow ups and multiple interventions appearmore effective than projects with single intervention.
tobacco use,smoking,Prevalence,intervention
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27806.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27806_6b2fe03f50ea4f9a53a538dd37c9eb84.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Pesticide Exposure in Turkey
3461
3463
EN
<b>Background:</b> Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a solid tumour of lymphocytes, important elements in theimmune system. According to 2006 data, in Turkey the incidence was 6.5 per 100,000 in males, and 4.4 in females.The relationship between the use of pesticides and development of NHL has been extensively investigated inmany studies, and it has been demonstrated that the risk of NHL is increased by exposure to such compounds.Antalya is a region of intensive agricultural activity. In this study, the relationship between the incidence oflymphoma in Antalya and the amount of pesticides employed was investigated. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The studyused data from 1995 to 2010 on the patients from the databank of TR Ministry of Health, Antalya ProvincialHealth Directorate, Cancer Registration Center and the patients who were histopathologically diagnosed withNHL during these years. <br/><b>Results</b>: The relationship between the amount of pesticide used and the incidence wasstudied with the Spearman correlation analysis and the p value was found as 0.05. The correlation coefficientwas 0.497. An increase in the NHL incidence over the years was identified, with a 2.42-fold increment foundfrom 1995 to 2005 and a 2.77 fold elevation from 1995 to 2010. The use of pesticides increased 1.89 fold overthe same period. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our study investigated the relationship of the pesticides used with NHL patientsdiagnosed during the same year. Since the time elapsing after exposure to pesticides until the development ofcancer is not clear, no comparison can be made at present. We believe that the increase in use of pesticides since1995 may be associated with the increase in the incidence of NHLand therefore that further studies on the issueincluding measurements of serum pesticide levels, are required.,
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma,Pesticides,Agriculture,cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27807.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27807_5e0820dbd91f08c7d154e821618ad267.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Breast Lesions in Adolescents and Young Women in Pakistan-a 5 Year Study of Significance of Early Recognition
3465
3467
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant disease amongst young women. If we reviewlocal data in Pakistan then breast cancer represents approximately a third of all cancers in females. The agestandardized incidence rate (ASR) world per 100,000 is 53.8 and crude incidence rate is 30.9. We have observedduring our surgical pathology practice and it is also reported by other Asian studies that breast carcinoma isamongst the leading malignancies in the region and the patients are at least a decade younger than counterpartsin developed nations. Age is an important issue in effective screening, diagnosis and management of breast cancer,especially in this geographical region where late presentation and poor prognosis are a hallmark of the disease.<br/><b>Objective</b>: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of malignant breast lesions in symptomatic youngfemales presenting with breast lumps. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This is a retrospective study conducted at thePathology Department, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi. Descriptive and pathologydata of malignant breast tumors 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2009 were reviewed, using the departmentalarchived data. It included both male and female patients up to the age of 25 years. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 714 surgicalspecimens from/of symptomatic breast lesions were received at the pathology department of Liaquat NationalMedical, in the five years study period, in young females. There were 575 (80%) benign, 119 (16%) inflammatoryand 20 (2.8%) malignant lumps. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The obtained data for females only up to 25 years of age suggesta massive burden which requires urgent attention. Early assessment of lesions is essential in order to avoidmortality from malignancies.
Breast cancer - malignant lesions - young females ≤25 - Karachi,Pakistan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27808.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27808_726e53b81acf54cfb1fac772e4f84440.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Efficacy of Oral Administration of Lentinula eododes Mycelia Extract for Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Postoperative Hormone Therapy
3469
3472
EN
Extract of Lentinula edodes mycelia (LEM) is currently utilized as an oral biological response modifier (BRM)medicine for cancer patients. However, its effectiveness for breast cancer patients with postoperative adjuvanthormone therapy has not yet been scientifically verified. In this study, we investigated the influence of LEM onthe quality of life (QOL) and immune response in breast cancer patients undergoing postoperative adjuvanthormone therapy. Twenty patients were studied in total. They received only hormone therapy in the first 4 weeksfollowed by hormone therapy and LEM during the next 8 weeks. Laboratory tests, QOL score and peripheralblood cytokine production levels were evaluated during the study period. No changes in QOL or cytokines werenoted after the first 4 weeks. In contrast, during the following combined therapy period, improvements werenoted in QOL and cytokine levels. Although a future large-scale investigation is necessary to confirm these results,these data suggest that the concomitant use of LEM with postoperative adjuvant hormone therapy improvesthe QOL and immune function of patients.
Lentinula edodes,BRM,breast cancer,hormone therapy,QOL
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27809.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27809_396dca1a98ee71b19e749956206c50d6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Rising Incidence of Primary Liver Cancer in Brunei Darussalam
3473
3477
EN
<b>Background:</b> Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and is still associatedwith high mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma are the two most common PLCs,and their incidence varies across regions. Currently there are no published data available on the incidence ofPLC in Brunei Darussalam. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: All proven PLCs between 2000 and 2009 were identifiedfrom the National Cancer Registry and reviewed. Metastatic diseases were excluded. A total of 123 cases (male65.8%, female 34.2%) were identified and their data collected for calculation of the age standardised rate(ASR). <br/><b>Results</b>: The most common type of PLC was HCC (87.8%) followed by cholangiocarcinoma (10.6%).There were two cases of hepatoblastoma. The mean age at diagnosis was 63.2 years. The overall ASR of PLCwas 8.2/100,000, increasing from 4.5/100,000 population in 2000 to 11.4/100,000 population in 2009. The rateswere higher among males (12.0/100,000) than females (4.7/100,000). Among the ethnic groups, Chinese had thehighest rates (overall 13.1/100,000 with none recorded in 2000 to 30.3/100,000 in 2009) compared to the Malays(overall 8.5/100,000 increasing from 4.5/100,000 in 2000 to 12.3/100,000 in 2009) and the indigenous groups. Theincidence increased after the age of 50 and was highest among the 75-79 age groups. Increase was seen for HCCbut not for cholangiocarcinoma. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The most common type of PLC is HCC and the annual incidenceof PLC is increasing in Brunei Darussalam,rates being higher in males and Chinese.
neoplasm,Malignancy,hepatic,Hepatocellular carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma,Brunei,ethnicity
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27412.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27412_d240e0f05f8ecf4b60846f941ab482bb.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
MCM3 as a Novel Diagnostic Marker in Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors
3479
3482
EN
<b>Background:</b> Proliferation markers widely have been used to diagnose and determine the behaviour andprognosis of benign and malignant tumours. Minichromosome maintenance 3 (MCM3) is a novel proliferationmarker. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare MCM3 with Ki-67 in diagnosis of salivary glandtumours. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In this retrospective study, immunohistochemical expression of MCM3 andKi-67 was evaluated in 15 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 17 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) and 18 adenoidcystic carcinomas (ADCC) . Labeling indices (LIs) for the two markers were calculated and compared. <br/><b>Results</b>:MCM3 and Ki-67 LIs were significantly higher in MEC and ADCC compared to PA. The LI of MCM3 wassignificantly higher than that of Ki-67 in MEC and PA. There was no significant difference between the twomarkers in ADCC. A cut–off point of 8% with 74.3% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity for MCM3 was obtained todiscern between benign and malignant tumors. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: These results suggest that MCM3 might be a usefulproliferation marker for differential diagnosis and recognition of clinical behavior of salivary gland tumors.
MCM3,Ki-67,immunohistochemistry,Salivary gland tumors,Benign,malignant
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27413.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27413_2f1702c3e43dca7e6ababaa696e1d96b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Smoking Stage Relations to Peer, School and Parental Factors among Secondary School Students in Kinta, Perak
3483
3489
EN
<b>Background:</b> To identify the prevalence of different stages of smoking and differences in associated riskfactors. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Thos longitudinal study started in February 2011 and the subjects were2552 form one students aged between twelve to thirteen years of from 15 government secondary schools ofKinta, Perak. Data on demographic, parental, school and peer factors were collected using a self-administeredquestionnaire. We examined the effects of peer, school and parental factors on the five stages of smoking; neversmokers, susceptible never smokers, experimenters, current smokers and ex-smokers, at baseline. <br/><b>Results</b>: Inthe sample, 19.3% were susceptible never smokers, 5.5% were current smokers 6% were experimenters and3.1% were ex-smokers. Gender, ethnicity, best friends’ smoking status, high peer pressure, higher number ofrelatives who smoked and parental monitoring were found to be associated with smoking stages. Presence ofparent-teen conflict was only associated with susceptible never smokers and experimenters whereas absenceof home discussion on smoking hazards was associated with susceptible never smokers and current smokers.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: We identified variations in the factors associated with the different stages of smoking. Our resultshighlight that anti-smoking strategies should be tailored according to the different smoking stages.
Smoking stages,Adolescent,peer factors,parental factors,school factors
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27414.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27414_e0e1ccbb96b0b732ec8a41580c26075e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Patho-epidemiological Features of Esophageal and Gastric Cancers in an Endemic Region: a 20-year Retrospective Study
3491
3497
EN
<b>Background:</b> Gastric and esophageal cancers are among the most lethal human malignancies worldwide. Ofall malignancies estimated in Iran (47,100), gastric and esophageal cancers were responsible for 7,800 and 3,500deaths in 2008 respectively. The present study aimed to provide an image of patho-epidemiological characteristicswith their trends during two past decades with emphasis on topographic, morphologic, and some demographicfeatures. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In a hospital-based retrospective study in 2009, all pathological reports fromesophageal endoscopies and gastric biopsies through a 20 years period (1989-2008) were collected and analyzedin four interval periods (five years each). Also, all eligible samples in hospital archives were enrolled for furthertesting. Besides, demography, topography and morphology of all samples were determined and analyzed bystatistical software. <br/><b>Results</b>: No significant statistical difference was seen in frequency of esophageal and gastrictumors throughout the study. Esophageal cancer cases were older than gastric. Sex ratio was 2.33/1 and menhad a higher rate of both esophageal and gastric tumors. Stomach cancer included 64.3% of all cases. Inferiorthird and end of esophagus were common locations for esophageal tumors whereas proximal stomach wascommon for gastric tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were common morphological typesof tumors in esophagus and stomach respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Morphological trends showed an increase ofesophageal adenocarcinoma and diffuse/intestinal ratio in stomach cancers. Trends in incidence from gastriccancer decreased based on topographic studies but we could not find a topographical trend toward cardia.
stomach,esophagus,neoplasm,adenocarcinoma,Squamous Cell Carcinoma
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27810.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27810_6aea9e0db38834659decb0452ee9ccdd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
MicroRNA-497 Suppresses Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells
3499
3502
EN
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAsthat negatively regulate gene expression, mainly by binding to 3’- untranslated regions (3’UTR) of their targetmessenger RNAs (mRNAs), which cause blocks of translation and/or mRNA cleavage. Recently, miRNAprofilingstudies demonstrated the microRNA-497 (miR-497) level to be down-regulated in all prostate carcinomascompared with BPH samples. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential role of miR-497 inhuman prostate cancer. Proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis assays were conducted to explore the potentialfunction of miR-497 in human prostate cancer cells. Results showed that miR-497 suppressed cellular growth andinitiated G0/G1 phase arrest of LNCaP and PC-3 cells. We also observed that miR-497 increased the percentageof apoptotic cells by increasing caspase-3/7 activity. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-497 caninhibit growth and induce apoptosis by caspase-3 activation in prostate cancer cells, which suggest its use as apotential therapeutic target in the future.
MiR-497,Prostate Cancer,Apoptosis,growth reduction
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27811.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27811_cba9cd86eb18dd22888b9c4828081576.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Overlapping Region of p53/Wrap53 Transcripts: Mutational Analysis and Sequence Similarity with microRNA-4732-5p
3503
3507
EN
<b>Background:</b> Although the majority of investigations concerned with TP53 and its protein have focusedon coding regions, recently a set of studies highlighted significant roles of regulatory elements located in p53mRNA, especially 5´ UTR. The wrap53α transcript is one of those that acts as a natural antisense agent, formingRNA-RNA hybrids with p53 mRNA and protecting it from degradation. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In this study,we focused on the mutation status of exon 1α of the WRAP53 gene (according to exon 1 of p53) in 160 breasttumor tissue samples and conducted a bioinformatics search for probable miRNA binding site in the p53/wrap53overlapping region. Mutations were detected, using single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) andsequencing. We applied the miRBase database for prediction of miRNAs which target overlapping region ofp53/wrap53 transcripts. <br/><b>Results</b>: Our results showed all samples to have wild type alleles in exon 1 of TP53gene. We could detect a novel and unreported intronic mutation (IVS1+56, G>C) outside overlapping regionsof p53/wrap53 genes in breast cancer tissues and also predict the presence of a binding site for miR-4732-5p inthe 5´ UTR of Wrap53 mRNA. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: From our findings we propose designing further studies focusedon overexpression of miRNA-4732-5p and introducing different mutations in the overlapping region of wrap53and p53 genes in order to study their effects on p53 and its ΔN isoform (Δ40p53) expression. The results mayprovide new pieces in the p53 targeting puzzle for cancer therapy.
p53,wrap53,miRNA-4732-5p,Mutation,5´ UTR,cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27812.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27812_4f1f517bd9a258e0672e2be0092221b4.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factor-inducible 14 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
3509
3514
EN
The prognostic value of the fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is unknown. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR), western blot assays and immunohistochemistry analysis were hereperformed in order to compare Fn14 expressios in paired liver samples of HCC and normal liver tissue. Mostof the tumor tissues expressed significantly higher levels of Fn14 compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues, withFn14High accounting for 54.6% (142/260) of all patients. The Pearson χ2 test indicated that Fn14 expression wasclosely associated with serum alpha fetal protein (AFP) (P=0.002) and tumor number (p=0.019). Univariate andmultivariate analyses revealed that along with tumor diameter and portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT ) type,Fn14 was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival (OS) (HR=1.398, p=0.008) and recurrence(HR=1.541, p=0.001) rates. Fn14 overexpression HCC correlated with poor surgical outcome, and this moleculemay be a candidate biomarker for prognosis as well as a target for therapy.
Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14,Hepatocellular carcinoma,portal vein tumor thrombosis,Prognosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27813.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27813_8672089882db56060fe4f3ff364de9c8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Cancer Preventive Effects of Whole Cell Type Immunization against Mice Ehrlich Tumors
3515
3519
EN
<b>Background:</b> Effects of whole cell type immunization on mice Ehrlich tumours were evaluated. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: After preliminary study, mice were divided two major groups; 1x1000 and 100x1000 live Ehrlichcell transferred major groups, each divided into four subgroups (n: 10). Study groups were immunized withEhrlich cell lysates in 0, 3, 7, 14th days and after 30 days of last immunization, live Ehrlich cells were transferred.Mice were observed for six months and evaluated for total and cancer free days. <br/><b>Results</b>: Out of 100x1000 celltransferred solid type study group, all study group mean and tumour free periods were statistically longer thancontrol groups. All 1x1000 Ehrlich cell transferred study groups survived significantly longer than 100x1000Ehrlich cell transferred groups. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Ehrlich mice tumours were prevented and survival prolongedwith whole cell type immunization. Effects are related to the number of transferred tumor cells.
cancer,Prevention,whole cell immunization,Ehrlich cell tumours
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27814.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27814_8d0dabdcf7e23f2148bc183f09a36aa1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 Serve as Markers of Infiltration, Metastasis, and Prognosis in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas
3521
3526
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: The current study explored the expression of KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 and its significance inlaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). <br/><b>Methods</b>: The expression levels of KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 in 100LSCC tissue specimens, as well as in 30 para-LSCC non-carcinomatous tissue specimens randomly taken fromthe patients, were assessed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and immunohistochemistryand correlations with pathological parameters of LSCC and their influence on survival function were analyzed.<br/><b>Results</b>: KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 showed basically consistent changes in both mRNA and protein expression.Their expression in the 30 LSCC specimens was significantly lower compared with that in the correspondingnon-carcinous tissues (P < 0.01 or 0.05), notably correlating with TNM stage, differentiation degree, clinicalstage, and lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.01 or 0.05), but not gender, age, and LSCC growth sites (P > 0.05). Themedian survival of patients with positive KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9 protein expression was longer than that ofpatients with negative protein expression (P < 0.01 or 0.05). KAI1/CD82 protein expression negatively correlatedwith MRP1/CD9 protein expression in LSCC (χ2= 31.25, P < 0.01). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: KAI1/CD82 and MRP1/CD9may jointly participate in the development of LSCC. They may serve as the markers for judging the infiltration,metastasis, and prognosis of LSCC.
Laryngeal neoplasms,KAI1/CD82,MRP1/CD9,metastasis marker
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27815.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27815_2d930f3346dba7ce62cf1c8e15f3d487.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Cancer Incidence in Jordan from 1996 to 2009 - A Comprehensive Study
3527
3534
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cancer is a major health problem facing the entire world, and Jordan is no exception. However,patterns of cancer incidence and cancer burden in Jordan have never been explored thoroughly, and the aim ofthis study was to close this knowldege gap. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The study was based on data obtained fromthe Jordan cancer registry from 1996 to 2009. All cancer cases that were diagnosed during the study period wereregistered and included in this study. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 51,626 cases were registered in Jordan during the 14- yearperiod. The incidence rate showed no significant increase in males (percent change PC 6.8%), while in females amarked increase was observed (PC 14.8%). The major cancer sites for males were bronchus and lung, colorectal,bladder, leukemia and prostate. In females, the leading cancer sites were breast, colorectal, leukemia, thyroidand NHL. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Compared to other countries in the region, Jordan has comparable rates. On the otherhand the rates of cancer are markedly lower in Jordan compared to more industrialized countries such as theUS and Europe. There was an overall increase in the incidence of cancer in Jordan, especially among females,which stresses the need for programs to raise awareness on the importance of early diagnosis and preventivelife style measures.
Cancer incidence data,epidemiology trends,Jordan,leading cancer sites
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27816.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27816_864bc2b933576509d951c50f20ad984e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Genetic Deletions of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in Head and Neck Cancer: Review of the Literature from 2000 to 2012
3535
3559
EN
Head and neck cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Two genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 involvedin phase II of carcinogen detoxification have been frequently studied in the literature. Their null genotypes arethought to be associated with increased head and neck cancer risk. However, the published reviews are not upto date and many important papers have been skipped. The current literature review was restricted to the nullgenotypes of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes with special emphasis on the genotypic status. We found that thesize of study sample varied greatly and the oral cavity cancer was more influenced by GSTM1 and GSTT1 genedeletions. With respect to ethnicity Asians are more prone to head and neck cancers with these null genotypes ascompared to Europeans and Americans. The current review showed significant associations (OR=9.0, 95%CI;1.4-9.5; OR=3.7, 95%CI; 1.4-9.5) of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes with head and neck cancers. Reviewconfirms the data of previous reviews that GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms may be risk factors forcancer initiation.
GSTM1,GSTT1,head and neck cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27817.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27817_406997e70af3d7977af47dc47fb89363.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Clinico-pathological Features of Gynecological Malignancies in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India: Importance of Strengthening Primary Health Care in Prevention and Early Detection
3541
3547
EN
<b>Background:</b> This cross-sectional observational study was undertaken to establish clinico-pathologicalcharacteristics of patients with gynecological malignancies, focusing mainly on symptoms, histological type andstage of the disease at presentation, in a tertiary care setting in Eastern India. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In thegynecology out-patient clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India, the patients with suggestive symptomsof gynecological malignancies were screened. Their diagnoses were confirmed by histopathology. One hundredthirteen patients with histopathologically confirmed gynecological malignancies were interviewed. <br/><b>Results</b>: Themost frequently reported symptoms by the patients with histopathologically confirmed gynecological malignancieswere excessive, offensive with or without blood stained vaginal discharge (69.0%), irregular, heavy or prolongedvaginal bleeding (36.3%) and postmenopausal bleeding (31.9%). The majority of the patients (61.0%) hadsquamous cell carcinoma on histopathological examination, followed by adenocarcinoma (30.1%). Nearly halfof the patients (48.7%) were suffering from the Federation Internationale des Gynaecologistes et Obstetristes(FIGO) stage III, followed by stage II (40.7%) malignancy. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This study highlights that most of thepatients with gynecological malignancies present late at an appropriate health care facility. Ovarian cancer mayoften have non-specific or misleading symptomatic presentation, whereas cervical cancer often presents withsome specific symptoms. These observations point to the need for increasing awareness about gynecologicalmalignancies in the community and providing easily accessible adequate facilities for early detection and treatmentof the disease by optimal use of available resources, i.e. strengthening the primary health care system.
Clinico-pathological,gynecological malignancies,awareness,early detection,Women,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27818.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27818_4b1d22d8b6f4667820dcb024a1a125c8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Outcome of Intestinal Metaplasia in Gastric Biopsy of Patients with Dyspepsia in Guilan Province, North Iran
3549
3554
EN
<b>Background:</b> It is generally accepted that gastric carcinomas are preceded by a sequential multistage processthat includes chronic gastritis, gastric atrophy, usually with intestinal metaplasia (IM), and dysplasia. This seriesof changes in gastric carcinogenesis is often initiated by Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection. The aim of thepresent study was determination of gastric histopathologic changes in IM patients after at least one year in Guilanprovince, Iran. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This case-series study was conducted in Guilan Gastrointestinal and LiverDisease Research Center (GLDRC) during 2010 to 2011. Gastric biopsy was performed for all 71 known cases ofIM and precanceric lesions including gastric atrophy, IM, dysplasia and H pylori infection were determined afterat least one year. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of the total of 71 patients with established IM who were enrolled, 50 had complete-typeIM and 21 had incomplete-type IM. Fifty two people had H pylori infection. H pylori eradication was achievedin 39 patients (75%). Secondary pathology findings of patients with IM were complete metaplasia (39.4%),incomplete metaplasia (32.4%), dysplasia (23.9%) and other precanceric lesions (4.2%). Dysplasia (20%vs 33%)occurred in patients who had complete and incomplete IM at baseline respectively (p>0.05). Age, gender, familyhistory of gastric cancer(GC); smoking habits and NSAIDs use were not associated with gastric premalignantlesions in initial and secondary pathologies (p>0.05). The difference became statistically significant between Hpylori infection in patients with more than 3 years diagnostic intervals (p<0.05). Statistical difference betweeneradicators and non-eradicators was not significant. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: We found that incomplete IM increased therisk of subsequent dysplasia in this study.
H pylori infection,histopathologic changes,intestinal metaplasia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27819.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27819_03fd0ed0f044d8c59233098df0ea52ff.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Hepatitis B Virus Genetic Variation and TP53 R249S Mutation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Thailand
3555
3559
EN
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are major risk factorsfor hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of HBV genetic variationand the R249S mutation of the p53 gene, a marker of AFB1-induced HCC, in Thai patients chronically infectedwith HBV. Sixty-five patients with and 89 patients without HCC were included. Viral mutations and R249Smutation were characterized by direct sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)in serum samples, respectively. The prevalences of T1753C/A/G and A1762T/G1764A mutations in the basalcore promotor (BCP) region were significantly higher in the HCC group compared to the non-HCC group.R249S mutation was detected in 6.2% and 3.4% of the HCC and non-HCC groups, respectively, which was notsignificantly different. By multiple logistic regression analysis, the presence of A1762T/G1764A mutations wasindependently associated with the risk of HCC in Thai patients.
Hepatitis B,Aflatoxin,Mutation,Hepatocellular carcinoma,Thailand
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27820.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27820_b7817b0cf1c62685da380514345c925c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Sexual Functions of Turkish Women with Gynecologic Cancer during the Chemotherapy Process
3561
3564
EN
<b>Background:</b> The negative effects of gynecologic cancer on women’s health is multidimensional. Sexualproblems arising after chemotherapy are decreased interest and vaginal lubrication, lack of orgasm anddyspareunia and sense of reduction in sexual attractiveness in general. The purpose of this study was to evaluatechanges that patients who receive chemotherapy for a gynecologic oncology disorder experience in their sexualfunctions. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A descriptive/cross-sectional and qualitative study was performed. TheFemale Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used in order to collect data on sexual capacity. The quantitativedata obtained were evaluated with frequency and percentage calculations while content analysis was performedfor the qualitative data. <br/><b>Results</b>: All of the information related to sexuality was provided by the physician.Chemotherapy treatment affected sexuality negatively in 55.9%. Since receiving the diagnosis, 52.9% of womenhad experienced no sexual intercourse at all. Those who had an FSFI score of 30 and below made up 75% ofthe women. After the content analysis of data obtained during in in-depth interviewing, we focused on threemain themes: desire for sexual intercourse, problems experienced during sexual intercourse, and coping withproblems. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: An integrated system where sexual problems can be handled professionally should bepresent during gynecological cancer treatment.
Sexuality,Chemotherapy,Gynecologic oncology,women cancer,Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27821.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27821_0d16631cebc5e5d320b4134494f5f7f7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Treatment Outcome of Palliative Chemotherapy in Inoperable Cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand
3565
3568
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cholangiocarcinoma is the most common cancer in males in Thailand. The outcome is pooralthough systemic chemotherapy has been used in attempts to improve disease control, quality of life andprolong survival in patient with unresectable and advanced disease. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In this retrospectivestudy the medical records of all patients diagnosed as having unresectable and metastatic cholangiocarcinomaand receiving systemic chemotherapy at Udonthani Cancer Hospital during January 2007 to December 2010were reviewed. <br/><b>Results</b>: Among the total of 105 patients, 21 received gemcitabine-based chemotherapy and 845FU-based chemotherapy. Most received platinum doublet regimens. 5FU-based regimens yielded an overallresponse rate (tumor control) of 23.8% and a median survival of 7.2 months while gemcitabine-based regimensyielded an overall response rate (tumor control) 19.1% and a median survival of 10.0 months. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Tumor control and survival of patient with advanced cholangiocarcinoma treated with gemcitabine-based and5FU-based chemotherapy do not markedly differ.
unresectable,inoperable,metastatic cholangiocarcinoma,Chemotherapy,outcome
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27822.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27822_b63a29110d464a3f6e11ffa3694aafa7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of Ethanol Extract of Pendulous Monkshood Root in vitro
3569
3573
EN
Aim: Pendulous monkshood root is traditionally used for the treatment of several inflammatory pathologiessuch as rheumatisms, wounds, pain and tumors in China. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and anticanceractivities and the mechanism of crude ethanol extract of pendulous monkshood root (EPMR) were evaluatedand investigated in vitro. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The cytotoxic effects of EPMR on different tumor cell lineswere determined by the MTT method. Cell apoptosis and cell nucleus morphology were assessed by Hoechst33258 staining. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) levels and intracellular oxidative stress in peritoneal macrophageswere determined to further elucidate mechanisms of action. <br/><b>Results</b>: The data showed that EPMR could producesignificant dose-dependent toxicity on three kinds of tumor cells. Furthermore, EPMR displayed obvious antiinflammatoryeffects on LPS-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages at the dosage of 4 - 200 μg/mL. The resultsdemonstrated the therapeutic potential of Pendulous Monkshood Root on cancer and inflammatory diseases.<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our results indicate that EPMR has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, suggesting thatpendulous monkshood root may be a useful anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory reagent in the clinic.
Pendulous monkshood root,anti-inflammatory,Anticancer,mouse peritoneal macrophages
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27823.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27823_6a8d72031323c865fc18dc16e4caf06b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
The 2518 A/G Polymorphism in the MCP-1 Gene and Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis
3575
3579
EN
<b>Background:</b> The 2518 A/G polymorphism in the MCP-1 gene has been extensively studied for associationswith cancer; however, results from replication studies have been inconsistent. The aim of this investigationwas to determine links with risk of cancer by meta-analysis. <br/><b>Methods</b>: We searched Pubmed, Embase, CNKI,Weipu and Wanfang databases, covering all case-control studies until March, 2013. Statistical analyses wereperformed using the Revman 5.0 software. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 11 case-control studies met our inclusion criteria,including 1,422 cases and 2,237 controls. The results indicated that the MCP-1 2518 gene polymorphism had noassociation with cancer risk overall (GG vs.GA+ AA: OR = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.61–1.28, P = 0.52). However, in thesubgroup analysis by ethnicity, a decrease of cancer risk was found in Asian populations (GG vs.GA+ AA: OR =0.79, 95%CI = 0.63–0.99, P = 0.04). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: This meta-analysis suggested that the 2518A/G polymorphismof MCP-1 gene is associated with risk of cancer among Asian, but not in Caucasian populations.
MCP-1,cancer,Polymorphism,Meta-analysis,ethnicity
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27824.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27824_ff49e7d3eaa91a957eb5171a112f551f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Estimation of the Projections of the Incidence Rates, Mortality and Prevalence Due to Common Cancer Site in Isfahan, Iran
3581
3585
EN
<b>Background:</b> Accurate statistics on the cancer burden are essential, both for purposes of research and forsetting priorities in healthcare management. So that in vast countries with partial registration coverage, suchas Iran, local data are more useful. We here estimated the incidence, prevalence and mortality time trend offour major cancer site, lung, stomach, breast and prostate, over the period 2001-2010 and provided short-rangeprojections to 2015 in Isfahan. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Estimates were derived by applying the mortality-incidenceanalysis method, a back-calculation approach to estimate and project incidence, prevalence and mortality ofchronic degenerative disease, starting from knowledge of mortality and relative survival information. <br/><b>Results</b>:Age adjusted incidence, mortality and prevalence rates in Isfahan exhibited a clear upward trend for all four sitesduring the period 2001-2015, with marked increasees in prostate and breast predicted for the future. Differencein incidence trends between males and females might be attributable to the difference in risk factors specificto certain cancer sites, with smoking being the main risk factor. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In this study, males and femalesdisplayed an increasing pattern for incidence and mortality rate over the entire study period until 2015. Thisinformation can be used as basis for planning healthcare management and allocating recourses in public health.
Cancer - estimate - incidence - mortality - prevalence - Isfahan,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27825.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27825_46eb665fe4fd8c0c8ebdcbf750e8de76.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Moderating Effects and Maintenance of Lung Cancer Cellular Immune Functions by CIK Cell Therapy
3587
3592
EN
Aims: To study the CIK cell treatment effects on regulation of cellular immune function disorders in patientswith lung cancer, and to analyze the time characteristics. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Cellular immune function was assessedby FCM, and patients with functional disorders were randomly divided into two groups, one given CIK celltherapy within 18 months (5 courses) and the other the controls, which were followed up for 1 year withcellular immune functions tested once a month. <br/><b>Results</b>: There were 5 types of cellular immunity, 4 of which aredisorders; after CIK treatment, the improvement rate of the 4 groups were 79.1%, 70.8%, 76.0% and 70.0%,intergroup differences not being statistically significant (P=0.675), all significantly higher than in the controlgroup (P=0.000). The median maintenance times for the 4 groups were 10.4 months (9.76-11.04), 8.4 months(7.86-8.94), 9.8 months (9.20-10.4) and 7.9 months (6.25-9.55), respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: CIK cells were ableto improve the immune functions of patients with lung cancer, the rate of improvement and maintenance timebeing related to the immune function before the treatment and CIK-cell-therapy courses.
CIK cells,Lung cancer,cellular immune disorders,improvement rate,maintenance time
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27826.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27826_253efbfb11f2b7f2abd560a832368f84.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Roles Traditional Healers Play in Cancer Treatment in Malaysia: Implications for Health Promotion and Education
3593
3601
EN
<b>Background:</b> For a number of reasons from cultural compatibility, to accessibility, to cost, traditional healersare a major source of health care in developing countries. In Malaysia, it’s been estimated that upwards of 80%of the population consult traditional healers even if simultaneously seeking treatment from the Western medicalsystem. Partially as a result of the widespread practice of visiting traditional healers, cancer diagnosis andtreatment in Malaysia is often delayed or interrupted resulting in late presentation, advanced stage diagnosis, anda higher mortality rate than in Western countries. However, there is very little research on the role of traditionalhealers in cancer treatment in Malaysia. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This qualitative study was designed to identifythe roles traditional healers play in cancer diagnosis and treatment, with an eye to alleviating the cancer burdenthrough educational responses with four publics in mind—policy makers, Western medical personnel, traditionalhealers, and the general public. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 Malay traditional healers, 13cancer survivors who had seen both traditional healers and Western doctors, and 12 cancer medical specialists.<br/><b>Results</b>: Analysis of the data from these 39 participants revealed four roles traditional healers play in cancertreatment—medicinal healer, emotional comforter, spiritual guide, and palliative caregiver. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Threeroles (emotional, spiritual, palliative) can be seen as complementary to the allopathic system. Emotional andspiritual roles may augment the effectiveness of biomedical treatment. Cancer awareness and education programsneed to position traditional healers as complementary, rather than an alternative to Western medical treatment;Validating the roles Traditional Healers can play in cancer treatment in MY through health promotion andeducation will contribute to alleviating the nation’s cancer burden.
Traditional healer,cancer,Health Education,Health promotion,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27827.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27827_73bfea0b2ed8d405c134a352c57e5b8c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Associated with Mucopurulent Cervicitis and Cervical Cancer in Hangzhou, China
3603
3606
EN
<b>Background:</b> To investigate the infection status and predominant genotype distribution of humanpapillomavirus (HPV) infection among Chinese patients with mucopurulent cervicitis (MPC) or cervical cancer(CC) in Hangzhou. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Initially, 217 cases of healthy cervix controls (n=50), acute MPC (n=89), and CC(n=78) were included; samples were collected between January 1, 2010, and January 30, 2013. Cervical specimenswere screened for HPV using a nested polymerase chain reaction assay and DNA sequencing. <br/><b>Results</b>: Overallprevalence of HPV infection was 16.7% in the control group, 51.9% in the MPC group, and 84.4% in the CCgroup. The predominant genotype detected in all 3 groups was the oncogenic variant HPV 16 (55.8%, 17.3%,and 6.3% in the CC, MPC and control specimens, respectively), HPV58 was the second most predominant HPVtype in CC (9.1%), MPC (8.6%), and control group (4.2%). Most or all of the genotypes were oncogenic in thethree groups. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Infection with HPV was found to be prevalent among Chinese women with MPC orCC and oncogenic variants were in the majority. Therefore, peoples who suffered MPC with HPV DNA positiveshould be regularly followed-up, for prevention and early treatment of cervical cancer.
cervical cancer,human papillomavirus,mucopurulent cervicitis,oncogenic genotype
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27828.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27828_1b027abb1b6dcfb808e24517116451d9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Prognostic Role of Hypoxic Inducible Factor Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-analysis
3607
3612
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: Reported prognostic roles of hypoxic inducible factor (HIF) expression in non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC) have varied. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the relationship between HIF expressionand clinical outcome in NSCLC patients. <br/><b>Methods</b>: PubMed were used to identify relevant literature with thelast report up to December 20th, 2012. After careful review, survival data were collected from eligible studies.We completed the meta-analysis using Stata statistical software (Version 11) and combined hazard ratio (HR)for overall survival (OS). Subgroup specificity, heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. All of theresults were verified by two persons to ensure accuracy. <br/><b>Results</b>: Eight studies were finally stepped into thismeta-analysis in which seven had available data for HIF-1α and three for HIF-2α. Combined HRs suggested thathigher expression of HIF1α had a negative impact on NSCLC patient survival (HR=1.50; 95%CI =1.07–2.10;p=0.019). The expression of HIF-2α was also relative to a poorer survival (HR=2.02; 95%CI =1.47–2.77; p=0.000).No bias existed in either of the two groups. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: This study suggests that elevations of HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression are both associated with poor outcome for patients with NSCLC. The data support further andhigh quality investigation of HIF expression for predicting poor outcome in patients with NSCLC.
Hypoxic inducible factors,Prognosis,non-small cell lung cancer,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27829.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27829_f641712e0ff21dcea18ab7d57f04ad4d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Expression and Significance of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α and Lysyl Oxidase in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
3613
3618
EN
Object: To detect expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and lysyl oxidase (LOX) in non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explore their roles in prognosis. <br/><b>Methods</b>: The mRNA levels of HIF-1α and LOXwere investigated by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in 40 cases of tumour and pairednormal tissues. In addition, protein expression of HIF-1α and LOX was examined by immunohistochemistry in82 cases of tumour and 45 paired normal tissues. The relationship between HIF-1α or LOX and clinicopathologiccharacteristics, as well as the correlation between HIF-1α and LOX, were also examined. Kaplan-Meier survivalcurves and the log-rank test were used to analyze progression-free survival. <br/><b>Results</b>: HIF-1α or LOX mRNAlevels in tumor tissues was significantly higher than those in paired normal tissues (p<0.01). Positive HIF-1α orLOX protein expression in tumor tissues was noted in 46/82 (56.1%) and 49/82 (59.8%) of the cases, respectively,being significantly higher than those in paired normal tissues (p<0.05). There was significant correlation betweenthe expression of HIF-1α or LOX and tumor size, lymph node metastasis and pathological stage (p<0.05). Theexpression of HIF-1α and LOX had a significant inverse impact on survival of patients with NSCLC. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>:HIF-1α and LOX may play a pivotal role in the development of NSCLC, and may act in synergy to promote theprogression of NSCLC.
HIF-1α,LOX,NSCLC,Prognosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27830.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27830_36ec0744ac231ed4b1e2c3c41e1b4aa5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Oral Cancer Awareness and Perception of Tobacco Use Cessation Counseling among Dental Students in Four Asian Countries
3619
3623
EN
<b>Background:</b> The scientific evidence relating to the burden of oral diseases attributable to tobacco use hasbeen reviewed and the need for a well-structured dental teaching program concentrating on oral cancer educationand tobacco cessation interventions has been emphasized. The aim of our study was to evaluate the awarenessof oral cancer and perception of tobacco use cessation counseling among dental students at all study levels inIndia, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A structured, pre-tested,self-administered 15-item questionnaire was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey. Data analyses includingpercentages, frequency distributions and tests of chi-square were generated. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 621 (97.6%)Indian, 493 (96.5%) Saudi, 194 (96.5%) Yemeni and 187 (98.4%) United Arab Emirates respondents recognizedthe association between oral cancer and cigarette smoking. Although more than 96% of the students surveyedrecognized the association between oral cancer and cigarette smoking and about 55% reported cigarette smokingas one of the etiological factors of oral cancer, more than 66% of students who reported cigarette smoking asan etiological factor of oral cancer disagreed/strongly disagreed with all the statements concerning tobacco usecessation. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: A higher level of oral cancer awareness did not have a positive impact on the perceptionof tobacco use cessation counseling among the sample surveyed.
Dental students,awareness,oral cancer- tobacco cessation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27831.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27831_4633e8166d7605a311bd29feafe55a51.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Hydrogen Peroxide Promotes Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness in Human Malignant Mesothelioma Cells
3625
3630
EN
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to promote mesothelial carcinogenesis that is closely associatedwith asbestos fibers and inflammation. Epithelial to mesenchymal cell transition (EMT) is an important processinvolved in the progression of tumors, providing cancer cells with aggressiveness. The present study wasperformed to determine if EMT is induced by H2O2 in human malignant mesothelioma (HMM) cells. CulturedHMM cells were treated with H2O2, followed by measuring expression levels of EMT-related genes and proteins.Immunohistochemically, TWIST1 expression was confined to sarcomatous cells in HMM tissues, but not inepithelioid cells. Treatment of HMM cells with H2O2 promoted EMT, as indicated by increased expression levelsof vimentin, SLUG and TWIST1, and decreased E-cadherin expression. Expression of stemness genes such asOCT4, SOX2 and NANOG was also significantly increased by treatment of HMM cells with H2O2. Alteration ofthese genes was mediated via activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and transforming growthfactor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Considering that treatment with H2O2 results in excess ROS, the present study suggeststhat oxidative stress may play a critical role in HMM carcinogenesis by promoting EMT processes and enhancingthe expression of stemness genes.
Mesothelioma,reactive oxygen species,epithelial to mesenchymal transition,stemness,HIF1α
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27832.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27832_539742bded4473a2719ba0515f2660cc.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
MicroRNA-451 Inhibits Growth of Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells via Downregulation of Pi3k/Akt Pathway
3631
3634
EN
MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) play important roles in coordinating a variety of cellular processes and abnormalexpression has been linked to the occurrence of several cancers. The miRNA miR-451 is downregulated incolorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells, suggested by several research groups including our own. In this study, syntheticmiR-451 mimics were transfected into the SW620 human CRC cell line using Lipofectamine 2000 and expressionof miR-451 was analyzed by real time PCR, while expression of CAB39, LKB1, AMPK, AKT, PI3K and Bcl2was analyzed by Western blot, and cell growth was detected by MTT assay. In comparison to the controls, asignificant increase in the expression of miR-451 was associated with significantly decreased expression of CAB39,LKB1, AMPK, AKT, PI3K and Bcl2. The capacity of cell proliferation was significantly decreased by miR-451expression, which also inhibited cell growth. Our study confirmed that miR-451 has a repressive role in CRCcells by inhibiting cell growth through down-regulating the P13K/AKT pathway.
Human colorectal carcinoma cells,SW620,MiRNA-451,PI3K/Akt pathway
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27833.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27833_be71bedc0b147c64132ddd5a6fc1e320.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Passive Smoking and Attitudes towards Tobacco Control Programs among Iranian Dental Students
3635
3639
EN
<b>Background:</b> Conclusive evidence exists about associations between several life-threatening diseases andpassive smoking. The objective of our study was to investigate the prevalence of passive smoking among Iraniandental students, to assess their attitudes towards tobacco control programs, and to explore the associationbetween these two and tobacco use. <br/><b>Methods</b>: In eight randomly selected dental schools, all fourth-year studentswere surveyed by means of a self-administered anonymous questionnaire in December 2010. The Global HealthProfessions Student Survey (GHPSS) questionnaire served as the data collection instrument. Exposure toenvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was assessed during the previous week. Chi-square test, logistic regression,and linear regression served for statistical analyses. <br/><b>Results</b>: The response rate was 84% (325 students, 66%female). Exposure to ETS was reported by 74% of the participants. Men were significantly more exposed to ETSat home, and in other places than were women. Most of the students agreed on queried tobacco control policies.The lowest agreement (72%) was for banning smoking in coffee shops and teahouses. A logistic regression modelshowed that adjusted for gender, passive smoking at home is significantly associated with current tobacco use. Alinear regression model suggested that the total score of attitudes is significantly associated with passive smokingat home, passive smoking in other places, tobacco use experience, and current tobacco use. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Thestudy reports high exposure to ETS among dental students, and its association with current tobacco use andattitudes towards tobacco control.
passive smoking,attitudes,tobacco control,Dental students,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27834.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27834_16ec32d37b6a9c888c88db622aef7c49.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Cervical Cancer Screening: Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among Nursing Staff in a Tertiary Level Teaching Institution of Rural India
3641
3645
EN
<b>Background:</b> Assessment of the nursing staff knowledge, attitude and practices about cervical cancer screeningin a tertiary care teaching institute of rural India. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A cross sectional, descriptive, interviewbasedsurvey was conducted with a pretested questionnaire among 262 staff nurses of a tertiary care teachingand research institute. <br/><b>Results</b>: In this study 77% respondents knew that Pap smear is used for detection ofcervical cancer, but less than half knew that Pap smear can detect even precancerous lesions of cervix. Only23.4% knew human papilloma virus infection as a risk factor. Only 26.7% of the respondents were judged ashaving adequate knowledge based on scores allotted for questions evaluating knowledge about cervical cancerand screening. Only 17 (7%) of the staff nurses had themselves been screened by Pap smear, while 85% had nevertaken a Pap smear of a patient. Adequate knowledge of cervical cancer and screening, higher parity and age>30 years were significantly associated with self screening for cervical cancer. Most nurses held a view that Paptest is a doctor procedure, and nearly 90% of nurses had never referred a patient for Pap testing. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:The majority of nursing staff in rural India may have inadequate knowledge about cervical cancer screening,and their attitude and practices towards cervical cancer screening could not be termed positive.
Pap smear,cervical cancer,cancer screening programme,screening attitudes,Nursing staff
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27835.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27835_f49e85be75a05c3c7fbba4a0a0b21b0d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Diagnostic Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Comparison to Bone Scintigraphy, CT and 18F-FDG PET for the Detection of Bone Metastasis
3647
3652
EN
Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detection of bone metastasis in comparisonwith the efficacies of 18F-FDG PET/CT, CT, 18F-FDG PET and conventional planar bone scintigraphy in a seriesof cancer patients. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Five hundred and thirty patients who underwent both 18F-FDG PET/CT and bonescintigraphy within 1 month were retrospectively analyzed. The skeletal system was classified into 10 anatomicsegments and interpreted blindly and separately. For each modality, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPVand NPV were calculated and the results were statistically analyzed. <br/><b>Results</b>: Bone metastases were confirmedin 117 patients with 459 positive segments. On patient-based analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPVand NPV of 18F-FDG PET/CT were significantly higher than bone scintigraphy, CT and 18F-FDG PET (P<0.05).On segment-based analysis, the sensitivity of CT, bone scintigraphy, 18F-FDG PET and 18F-FDG PET/CT were70.4%, 89.5%, 89.1% and 97.8%, respectively (P<0.05, compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT). The overall specificityand accuracy of the four modalities were 89.1%, 91.8%, 90.3%, 98.2% and 90.3%, 90.9%, 89.8%, 98.0%,respectively (P<0.05, compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT). The PPV and NPV were 89.8%, 87.6%, 85.6%, 97.2%and 85.6%, 93.2%, 92.8%, 98.6%, respectively. Three hundred and twelve lesions or segments were presentedas lytic or sclerotic changes on CT images at the corresponding sites of increased 18F-FDG uptake. In lytic ormixed lesions, the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET were better than bone scintigraphy, whilein osteoblastic lesions bone scintigraphy had a similar performance with 18F-FDG PET/CT but better than18F-FDG PET alone. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our data allow the conclusion that 18F-FDG PET/CT is superior to planar bonescintigraphy, CT or 18F-FDG PET in detecting bone metastasis. 18F-FDG PET/CT may enhance our diagnosis oftumor bone metastasis and provide more information for cancer treatment.
18F-FDG,PET-CT,bone scintigraphy,CT,bone metastasis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27836.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27836_27e5d7179941b1ec38f5040a18137d2e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Chemical Characterisation of Organic Functional Group Compositions in PM2.5 Collected at Nine Administrative Provinces in Northern Thailand during the Haze Episode in2013
3653
3661
EN
Along with rapid economic growth and enhanced agricultural productivity, particulate matter emissions inthe northern cities of Thailand have been increasing for the past two decades. This trend is expected to continuein the coming decade. Emissions of particulate matter have brought about a series of public health concerns,particularly chronic respiratory diseases. It is well known that lung cancer incidence among northern Thaiwomen is one of the highest in Asia (an annual age-adjusted incidence rate of 37.4 per 100,000). This fact hasaroused serious concern among the public and the government and has drawn much attention and interestfrom the scientific community. To investigate the potential causes of this relatively high lung cancer incidence,this study employed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) transmission spectroscopy to identify thechemical composition of the PM2.5 collected using Quartz Fibre Filters (QFFs) coupled with MiniVol™ portableair samplers (Airmetrics). PM2.5 samples collected in nine administrative provinces in northern Thailand beforeand after the “Haze Episode” in 2013 were categorised based on three-dimensional plots of a principal componentanalysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation. In addition, the incremental lifetime exposure to PM2.5 of both genderswas calculated, and the first derivative of the FTIR spectrum of individual samples is here discussed.
PM2.5,FTIR,PCA,incremental lifetime exposure,northern provinces of Thailand
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27837.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27837_a4dfc1ba07621e17a654397eb5d0a32e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Investigation of the Antioxidant Status in Multiple Myeloma Patients: Effects of Therapy
3663
3667
EN
<b>Background:</b> Multiple myeloma is a malignant silent incurable plasma cell disorder. The present study aimedto assessed the activation of the oxidative stress pathway in afected patients Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Advancedoxidation protein products (AOPPs), malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine deaminase (ADA), total antioxidantcapacity (TAC) levels, glutathione, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), α-tocopherol (vitamin E) in addition to relatedenzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-R) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)were analyzed in sixty patients with multiple myeloma before and after one month treatment with inductiontherapy. <br/><b>Results</b>: The results of the study showed a significant elevation in AOPPs, MDA, ADA levels in patientswith multiple myeloma before and after treatment in comparison to healthy control samples In contrast TACglutathione, vitamin C and E, and the antioxidant enzymes levels were decreased significantly. On comparingsamples of MM patients after treatment, there was significant increase of TAC glutathione, vitamin C and E, andthe antioxidant enzymes in parallel with decreasing AOPPs, MDA and ADA levels in comparison with samples ofpatients before treatment. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results indicate oxidative stress and DNA damage activity increasein MM and are alleviated in response to therapy.
multiple myeloma,oxidation byproducts,antioxidants,Antioxidant enzymes,Total Antioxidant Capacity
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27838.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27838_86b5ebe6c4394d80c7ebcca2fd98d481.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Cloning and Functional Characterization of Ptpcd2 as a Novel Cell Cycle Related Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase that Regulates Mitotic Exit
3669
3676
EN
Faithful transmission of genetic information depends on accurate chromosome segregation as cells exit frommitosis, and errors in chromosomal segregation are catastrophic and may lead to aneuploidy which is the hallmarkof cancer. In eukaryotes, an elaborate molecular control system ensures proper orchestration of events at mitoticexit. Phosphorylation of specific tyrosyl residues is a major control mechanism for cellular proliferation and theactivities of protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases must be integrated. Although mitotic kinases are wellcharacterized, phosphatases involved in mitosis remain largely elusive. Here we identify a novel variant of mouseprotein tyrosine phosphatase containing domain 1 (Ptpcd1), that we named Ptpcd2. Ptpcd1 is a Cdc14 relatedcentrosomal phosphatase. Our newly identified Ptpcd2 shared a significant homology to yeast Cdc14p (34.1%)and other Cdc14 family of phosphatases. By subcellular fractionation Ptpcd2 was found to be enriched in thecytoplasm and nuclear pellets with catalytic phosphatase activity. By means of immunofluorescence, Ptpcd2 wasspatiotemporally regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner with cytoplasmic abundance during mitosis, followedby nuclear localization during interphase. Overexpression of Ptpcd2 induced mitotic exit with decreased levels ofsome mitotic markers. Moreover, Ptpcd2 failed to colocalize with the centrosomal marker γ-tubulin, suggestingit as a non-centrosomal protein. Taken together, Ptpcd2 phosphatase appears a non-centrosomal variant ofPtpcd1 with probable mitotic functions. The identification of this new phosphatase suggests the existence of aninteracting phosphatase network that controls mammalian mitosis and provides new drug targets for anticancermodalities.
Ptpcd1,mitotic exit,Cell cycle,Cdc14,protein tyrosine phosphatase
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27839.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27839_ea51912c890d69d5a025676b7fcc136a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Predictive Impact of Common Variations in DNA Repair Genes on Clinical Outcome of Osteosarcoma
3677
3680
EN
We aimed to assess the role of XPG, XPC and MMS19L polymorphisms on response to chemotherapyin osteosarcomas, and the clinical outcomes. One hundred and eighty five osteosarcoma patients who werehistologically confirmed were enrolled in our study between January 2007 and December 2009. Genotyping ofXPG, XPC and MMS19L was performed in a 384-well plate format on the MassARRAY® platform. Individualswith XPG TT genotype and T allele were more likely to be better response to chemotherapy than CC genotype,with the OR (95% CI) of 4.17 (1.64-11.54) and 2.66 (1.39-5.11), respectively. Those carrying MMS19L TT genotypeand T allele showed better response to chemotherapy, with ORs (95% CI) of 4.8 (1.56-17.7) and 2.3 (1.22-4.36),respectively. Patients carrying TT genotype of XPG and MMS19L showed a significantly longer overall survivalthan CC genotype, with a 0.47 and 0.30-fold risk of death when compared with the wild-type of the gene. XPGand MMS19L are correlated with response to chemotherapy and prognosis of osteosarcoma, so that they couldbe used as predictive markers for prognosis.
XPG,MMS19L,osteosarcoma,clinical outcome
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27840.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27840_1f44561bf0a2ba8fe2dfbcb784146690.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
miRNA-218 Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Migration and Invasion by Down-regulating of TIAM1, MMP2 and MMP9
3681
3684
EN
Deregulated miRNAs participate in osteosarcoma genesis. In this study, the expression of miRNA-218 inhuman osteosarcomas, adjacent normal tissues and Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells was first assessed. Then theprecise role of miRNA-218 in osteosarcoma cells was investigated. Upon transfection with a miR-218 expressionvector, the proliferation of Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells determined using the ATPlite assay was significantlysuppressed, whilw migration of Saos-2 cells detected by wound healing and invasion determined using transwellswere dramatically inhibited. Potential target genes of miR-218 were predicted and T-cell lymphoma invasionand metastasis 1 (TIAM1) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and 9 (MMP9) were identified. This wasconfirmed by western blotting, which showed that miR-218 expression inhibited TIAM1, MMP2 and MMP9protein expression. Collectively, these data suggest that miR-218 acts as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcomasby down-regulating TIAM1, MMP2 and MMP9 expression.
miRNA-218,osteosarcoma,TIAM1,Proliferation,migration,Invasion,MMP
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27841.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27841_44d33a5cad01f9557be179ec17da1060.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Imperfect Correlation of Mammographic and Clinical Breast Tissue Density
3685
3688
EN
<b>Background:</b> Clinicians determine degree of mammographic density based on tissue firmness on breastexamination. The study aimed to compare breast density in mammography and clinical breast examination.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Six-hundred sixty three women 40 years of age or older were studied. The breast examdensity was graded from 1 to 4 by two expert surgeons and the mammographic parenchymal density by twoexpert radiologists. Then for practical reasons, grades 1 and 2 were considered as low-density and grades 3 and 4as high-density. <br/><b>Results</b>: High and low densities were detected in 84.5% and 15.5% of clinical breast examinationsand 59.7% and 40.3% of mammographies, respectively. The statistical analysis showed a significant differencebetween the breast tissue densities in breast examination with those in mammography. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: A clinicallydense breast does not necessarily imply a dense mammographic picture.
Breast,Density,clinical examination,mammography,neoplasm
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27842.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27842_16ca8d4b5ead519b2c1c64a0e758f55e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Understanding the Breast Cancer Experience: a Qualitative Study of Malaysian Women
3689
3698
EN
Breast cancer is the most common and leading cause of cancer mortality among Malaysian women. Despitegood survival rates, the diagnosis of cancer still invokes the feeling of stress, fear and uncertainty. Because verylittle is known about the experiences of Malaysian women with breast cancer, a qualitative study using semistructuredinterviews to explore the lived experience of newly diagnosed breast cancer. Using a purposive samplingmethod, 20 Malaysian women newly diagnosed with breast cancer, including Malays (n=10) and Chinese (n=10)were recruited in two main public hospitals in Kelantan. Similarities and divergence in women’s experience wereidentified through thematic analysis of interview transcripts. Three themes emerged from the data: uncertaintyexperience of the illness, transition process and fatalistic view of breast cancer. In many ways, these findingswere parallel with previous studies, suggesting that the experience of breast cancer is to a certain extent similaramong women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. This study adds to the sparse literature concerning theexperience of illness following breast cancer diagnosis among the Malays and Chinese. More importantly, thisstudy addressed areas that were previously lacking, specifically in depth information on breast cancer experiencefrom a developing country with a multi-ethnic population. The results of this investigation provide preliminaryinformation to healthcare professionals on the impact of illness and cultural influence on survivorship to planfor appropriate education and supportive programme in order to meet the needs of breast cancer women moreeffectively.
Malaysian Women,breast cancer,new diagnosis,illness experience,Transition,Uncertainty,fatalism
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27843.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27843_7c8700f98b9c477be445569a2800a2ef.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Expressional Correlation of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2, Estrogen/Progesterone Receptor and Protein 53 in Breast Cancer
3699
3703
EN
<b>Background:</b> This study aimed to show the localization of estrogen / progesterone receptors, human epidermalgrowth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) and protein 53 (p53) by immunohistochemistry in a series of consecutive breastcancer patients. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The study covered invasive breast cancers from 299 patients presentingat the Oncogenetic Clinic and Pathology Centers of Ahwaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences Hospitalin Iran during the time period from 2009 to 2011. The Scarff-Bloom Richardson scoring method was used. <br/><b>Results</b>:Of the 299, 27% (80/299) were <40, 33% (100/299) were 41-50, and the remaining 40% (119/299) were>50 yearsold. The highest incidence of breast cancer in this study population was in the group of more than 50 year age,and the most common histological type of breast cancer was the invasive ductal carcinoma, which accountedfor 68% (203/299) of the cases. Out of possible total of 207, 6% (13/207), 41% (85/207), and 53% (109/207) werescored as grade І, ІІ, ІІІ, respectively. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our findings demonstrated a lack of association betweenlabeling for the markers studied and tumor size and age of the patients. We confirmed an association betweenER labeling and nuclear grade of breast cancer. The conflicting results obtained compared with the literature bebecause of differences in the immunohistochemical techniques applied in the various studies and to the scoringsystems used.
breast cancer,estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR),p53
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27844.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27844_246becb502f40b7f2e2bc1e0311e8d7b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Relationship between Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutations and Clinicopathological Features in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Western Turkey
3705
3709
EN
<b>Background:</b> To investigate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations in patients with nonsmallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to analyze any relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: EGFR gene exons 18-21 in 48 specimens of paraffin-embedded tumor tissue fromNSCLC patients were amplified by PCR, followed by direct sequencing and analysis of links to clinicopathologicalfeatures and prognosis. <br/><b>Results</b>: EGFR mutations were detected in 18 of 48 (42.6%) patients with NSCLC. Therewere 9 cases of mutations in exon 20, 7 in exon 19 and 2 in exon 21. Mutations were more frequently observedin women (5/7 pts, 71.4%) than in men (13/41 pts, 31.7%) (p=0.086) and in non-smokers (5/5 pts, 100%) thansmokers (13/43 pts, 30.2%). There was negative correlation of EGFR mutations with smoking status (p=0.005).EGFR mutations were more frequently observed with adenocarcinoma histology (13/32 pts, 40.6%) than in othertypes (5/16 pts, 31.3%) (p=0.527). The patients with EGFR mutations had better survival than those with wildtypeEGFR (p=0.08). There was no association of EGFR mutations with metastatic spread. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: EGFRmutations in NSCLC were here demonstrated more frequently in females, non-smokers and adenocarcinomahistology in the western region of Turkey. Patients with EGFR mutations have a better prognosis.
EGFR mutations,Non Small Cell Lung Cancer,clinical features,Western Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27845.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27845_8fb47f00e49c0cf35ee9b2516077252e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Cisplatin Plus Gemcitabine for Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases; a Preferential Option for Triple Negative Patients?
3711
3717
EN
<b>Background:</b> To assess the efficacy and tolerability of Cisplatin plus Gemcitabine combination in patientswith brain metastases (BM) from breast cancer (BC). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Eighteen BC patients with BMwho were treated with Cisplatin plus Gemcitabine regimen between 2003-2011 were evaluated. <br/><b>Results</b>: A medianof 6 cycles of this regimen were received, in fifteen patients (83.3%) as first-line chemotherapy, in 2 as secondlineand in 1 as third-line after diagnosis of BM. Dose reduction was performed in 11 (61.1%) patients; majorreasons were neutropenia and leukopenia. Grade III neutropenia and Grade II trombocytopenia rates were33.3% and 16.7% respectively. Overall response rate (ORR; complete+partial response rate) was 33.4% (n=6)for the entire study population; triple negative patients achieved an 66.6% ORR while hormone receptor (HR)positive patients had 25% and HER2 positive patients 12.5%. Median progression-free survival was 5.6 months(2.4-8.8 months, 95%CI) and longer in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (median 7.4 months,95%CI, 2.4-12.3 months) than the patients with other subtypes (median 5 months for HER2 positive and 3.6months for HR positive patients). Median PFS of the patients with TNBC who received this regimen as first-linewas 9.2 months (5.2-13.2 months, 95%CI). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Cisplatin plus Gemcitabine may be a treatment optionfor patients with BM from breast cancer. Longer PFS and higher response rates are results that support theusage of this regimen especially for the triple negative subtype. However, further prospective and randomizedtrials are clearly required to provide more exact information.
breast cancer,brain metastases,cisplatin plus gemcitabine,Triple negative
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27846.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27846_d7df1caae7bedae47438cc3d71ad9b9a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Associations Between RASSF1A Promoter Methylation and NSCLC: A Meta-analysis of Published Data
3719
3724
EN
<b>Background:</b> RASSF1A has been reported to be a candidate tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). However, the association between RASSF1A promoter methylation and NSCLC remains unclear,particularly in regarding links to clinicopathologic features. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Eligible studies were identified throughsearching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)databases. Studies were pooled and odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) werecalculated. Funnel plots were also performed to evaluate publication bias. <br/><b>Results</b>: Nineteen studies involving2,063 cases of NSCLC and 1,184 controls were included in this meta-analysis. A significant association wasobserved between RASSF1A methylation and NSCLC in the complete data set (OR = 19.42, 95% CI: 14.04-26.85, P < 0.001). Pooling the control tissue subgroups (heterogeneous/autologous) gave pooled ORs of 32.4(95% CI, 12.4-84.5) and 17.7 (95% CI, 12.5-25.0) respectively. Racial subgroup (Caucasian/Asian) analysisgave pooled ORs of 26.6 (95% CI, 10.9-64.9) and 20.9 (95% CI, 14.4-30.4) respectively. The OR for RASSF1Amethylation in poorly-differentiated vs. moderately/well-differentiated NSCLC tissues was 1.88 (95% CI, 1.32-2.68, P<0.001), whereas there were no significant differences in RASSF1A methylation in relation to gender,pathology, TNM stage and smoking behavior among NSCLC cases. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: This meta-analysis suggests asignificant association between RASSF1A methylation and NSCLC, confirming the role of RASSF1A as a tumorsuppressor gene. Large-scale and well-designed case-control studies are needed to validate the associationsidentified in the present meta-analysis.
RAS associations domain family protein 1A,non-small cell lung cancer,methylation,Odds ratio
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27847.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27847_0309dd8faf80b5ae2848eb2785de61ae.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Prognostic Value of Phosphorylated mTOR/RPS6KB1 in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
3725
3728
EN
<b>Background:</b> The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) /RPS6KB1 activation has recently been implicatedin tumour development, but its role in lung cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the roleof mTOR/RPS6KB1 signaling pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). <br/><b>Methods</b>: Immunohistochemistrywas performed to assess the expression of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and itsdownstream ribosomal phosphorylated RPS6KB1 (p-RPS6KB1) in NSCLC patients. We also analyzed p-mTOR/p-RPS6KB1 protein expression in 45 fresh NSCLC tissues using Western blotting. <br/><b>Results</b>: The expressionlevel of p-mTOR and p-RPS6KB1 was significantly higher in NSCLC tumor specimens than that in adjacentnoncancerous normal lung tissues (P<0.01). p-mTOR expression correlated with p-RPS6KB1. Furthermore,high expression level of p-mTOR or p-RPS6KB1 in NSCLC was associated with a shorter overall survival (bothP<0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated high level of p-mTOR expression was an independent prognostic factor(HR=2.642, 95%CI 1.157–4.904, p=0.002). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: p-mTOR and p-RPS6KB1 could be useful prognosticmarkers for NSCLC.
non-small-cell lung cancer,Biomarker,mTOR/RPS6KB1,Prognosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27848.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27848_2ff912c9135f50324e859b36a0cc7055.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Overexpression of Cyclooxygenase-1 Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma
3729
3734
EN
The aim of this study was to evaluate expression of COX-1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its prognosticvalue. mRNA of COX-1 was detected in 42 paired RCC and adjacent normal tissues with quantitative realtimepolymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Expression of COX-1 was also evaluated in 196 RCC sections and91 adjacent normal tissues with immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed to assess COX-1expression in RCC and its prognostic significance. The results of qRT-PCR showed mRNA levels of COX-1 inRCC tissues to be significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemicalassays also revealed COX-1 to be overexpressed in RCC tissues (p < 0.001). Statistical analysis demonstrated highexpression of COX-1 was correlated with tumour size (p = 0.002), pathological stage (p = 0.003), TNM stage (p= 0.003, 0.007, 0.027, respectively), and tumour recurrence (p < 0.001). Survival analysis indicated patients withhigh expression of COX-1 had shorter survival time (p < 0.001), and COX-1 was an independent predictor. Thisis the first study to reveal overexpression of COX-1 in RRC and point to use as a prognostic marker in affectedpatients.
Cyclooxygenase-1,renal cell carcinoma,Prognostic marker
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27849.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27849_24fca988da89ea49399567b7b5bf7e9a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Identification of Proapoptopic, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti- Proliferative, Anti-Invasive and Anti-Angiogenic Targets of Essential Oils in Cardamom by Dual Reverse Virtual Screeningand Binding Pose Analysis
3735
3742
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cardamom (Elettaria cardamom), also known as “Queen of Spices”, has been traditionally usedas a culinary ingredient due to its pleasant aroma and taste. In addition to this role, studies on cardamom havedemonstrated cancer chemopreventive potential in in vitro and in vivo systems. Nevertheless, the precise polypharmacologicalnature of naturally occurring chemo-preventive compounds in cardamom has still not beenfully demystified. <br/><b>Methods</b>:In this study, an effort has been made to identify the proapoptopic, anti-inflammatory,anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic targets of Cardamom’s bioactive principles (eucalyptol,alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, d-limonene and geraniol) by employing a dual reverse virtual screening protocol.Experimentally proven target information of the bioactive principles was annotated from bioassay databases andcompared with the virtually screened set of targets to evaluate the reliability of the computational identification.To study the molecular interaction pattern of the anti-tumor action, molecular docking simulation was performedwith Auto Dock Pyrx. Interaction studies of binding pose of eucalyptol with Caspase 3 were conducted to obtainan insight into the interacting amino acids and their inter-molecular bondings. <br/><b>Results</b>:A prioritized list of targetproteins associated with multiple forms of cancer and ranked by their Fit Score (Pharm Mapper) and descending3D score (Reverse Screen 3D) were obtained from the two independent inverse screening platforms. Moleculardocking studies exploring the bioactive principle targeted action revealed that H- bonds and electrostaticinteractions forms the chief contributing factor in inter-molecular interactions associated with anti-tumoractivity. Eucalyptol binds to the Caspase 3 with a specific framework that is well-suited for nucleophilic attacksby polar residues inside the Caspase 3 catalytic site. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>:This study revealed vital information aboutthe poly-pharmacological anti-tumor mode-of-action of essential oils in cardamom. In addition, a probabilisticset of anti-tumor targets for cardamom was generated, which can be further confirmed by in vivo and in vitroexperiments.
Cardamom,Eugenol,reverse pharmacophore mapping,2D fingerprint-based Reverse virtual screening
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27850.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27850_d016eb42aeaf5a782b914f8c7852a4a2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Staging with PET-CT in Patients with Locally Advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer is Superior to Conventional Staging Methods in Terms of Survival
3743
3746
EN
<b>Background:</b> Of patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), around one third are locally advancedat the time of diagnosis. Because only a proprotion of stage III patients can be cured by surgery, in order toimprove the outcomes , sequential or concurrent chemoradiation, or concurrent chemoradiation with induction orconsolidation is offered to the patients with locally advanced NSCLC. Today, PET combined with computerizedtomography (PET-CT) is accepted as the most sensitive technique for detecting mediastinal lymph node andextracranial metastases from NSCLC. We aimed to compare PET-CT and conventional staging proceduresfor decisions regarding curative treatment of locally advanced NSCLC. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 168consecutive patients were included from Acibadem Kayseri Hospital, Acibadem Adana Hospital and KayseriResearch and Training Hospital in this study. <br/><b>Results</b>: While the median PFS was 13.0±1.9 months in the PET-CTgroup, it was only 6.0±0.9 in the others (p<0.001). The median OS values were 20.5±15.6 and 11.5±1.5 months,respectively (p<0.001). Discussion: As a result, we found that staging with PET CT has better results in termsof survival staging. This superiority leads to survival advantage in patients with locally advanced NSCLC.
Lung cancer,locally advanced,PET CT,survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27851.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27851_aeeb8526a16f0ad8eeede97e6571a0a5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Phase Ⅱ Study on Breast Conservative Surgery Plus Chemoand Radiotherapy in Treating Chinese Patients with Early Staged Breast Cancer
3747
3750
EN
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of conservative surgery plus chemo-, radio-therapy in treating patients withearly stage breast cancer. Patients and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Eligible patients were treated by postoperative chemotherapyas well as whole-breast irradiation with tumor bed boost. Postoperative radiotherapy consisted of 6 MV wholebreast linear accelerator irradiation with two tangential half fields to a total dose of 45~50 Gy, followed by10~15MeVβ boost irradiation to tumor bed for 10~20Gy, total dose 56~66Gy. <br/><b>Results</b>: Fifty-two patients wereenrolled. Overall 1-, 2- and 3 year survival rates were 98.1%, 92.3%, and 90.4%, respectively, with a localrecurrence rate of 5.77%. Cosmetic results were evaluated as good by doctors in 90.4% of patients. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Breast conservative surgery combined with chemo- radio-therapy could be a treatment option for Chinesepatients with early stage breast cancer.
breast cancer,conservative surgery,radiotherapy,Chemotherapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27852.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27852_5017242e90231e840385c41f482fd6c6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Roles of microRNA-206 in Osteosarcoma Pathogenesis and Progression
3751
3755
EN
Backgroud and Aims: MicroRNA-206 has proven to be down-regulated in many human malignancies incorrelation with tumour progression. Our study aimed to characterize miR-206 contributions to initiationand malignant progression of human osteosarcoma. <br/><b>Methods</b>: MiR-206 expression was detected in humanosteosarcoma cell 1ine MG63, human normal osteoblastic cell line hFOB 1.19, and paired osteosarcoma andnormal adjacent tissues from 65 patients using quantitative RT-PCR. Relationships of miR-206 levels toclinicopathological characteristics were also investigated. Moreover, miR-206 mimics and negative control siRNAwere transfected into MG63 cells to observe effects on cell viability, apoptosis, invasion and migration. <br/><b>Results</b>:We found that miR-206 was down-regulated in the osteosarcoma cell line MG63 and primary tumor samples,and decreased miR-206 expression was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage, T classification,metastasis and poor histological differentiation. Additionally, transfection of miR-206 mimics could reduce MG-63 cell viability, promote cell apoptosis, and inhibit cell invasion and migration. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: These findingsindicate that miR-206 may have a key role in osteosarcoma pathogenesis and development. It could serve as auseful biomarker for prediction of osteosarcoma progression, and provide a potential target for gene therapy.
Backgroud and Aims: MicroRNA-206 has proven to be down-regulated in many human malignancies in
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27853.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27853_d1f4b25921dc8793201d76f176510ecf.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
miR-485 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor by Inhibiting Cell Growth and Migration in Breast Carcinoma T47D Cells
3757
3760
EN
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs (18-25 nucleotides) that post-transcriptionally modulategene expression by negatively regulating the stability or translational efficiency of their target mRNAs. In thiscontext, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of miR-485 mimics in breast carcinoma T47D cells.Forty-eight hours after T47D cells were transfected with miR-485 mimics, an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was utilized to determine the effects on cell viability. Colony formationand cell migration assays were adopted to determine whether miR-485 affects the proliferation rates and cellmigration of breast carcinoma T47D cells. Our results showed that ectopic expression of miR-485 resulted in asignificant decrease in cell growth, cell colony formation, and cell migration. These findings suggest that miR-485 might play an important role in breast cancer by suppressing cell proliferation and migration.
breast cancer,MicroRNA,migration,tumor suppressor
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27854.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27854_35346239ec37b1eb2f586ebc5126fa92.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Cytochrome P450 1A1, 2E1 and GSTM1 Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer in the Saudi Population
3761
3768
EN
<b>Background:</b> The Saudi population has experienced a sharp increase in colorectal and gastric cancer incidenceswithin the last few years. The relationship between gene polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymesand colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has not previously investigated among the Saudi population. The aimof the present study was to investigate contributions of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Blood samples were collected from CRC patients and healthy controls and genotypeswere determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing.Results and <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: CYP2E1*6 was not significantly associated with CRC development (odd ratio=1.29;confidence interval 0.68-2.45). A remarkable and statistically significant association was observed amongpatients with CYP1Awt/*2A (odd ratio=3.65; 95% confidence interval 1.39-9.57). The GSTM1*0/*0 genotypewas found in 2% of CRC patients under investigation. The levels of CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and GSTM1 mRNAgene expression were found to be 4, 4.2 and 4.8 fold, respectively, by quantitative real time PCR. The results ofthe present case-control study show that the studied Saudi population resembles Caucasians with respect to theconsidered polymorphisms. Investigation of genetic risk factors and susceptibility gene polymorphisms in ourSaudi population should be helpful for better understanding of CRC etiology.
Cytochrome P450,xenobiotic,colorectal cancer,Single nucleotide polymorphism
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27855.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27855_3acede25c71e908bd2807cef00546860.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Prognostic Value of Lymph Node Ratios in Node Positive Rectal Cancer Treated with Preoperative Chemoradiation
3769
3772
EN
<b>Background:</b> To investigate the impact of the lymph node ratio (LNR) on the prognosis of patients with locallyadvanced rectal cancer undergoing pre-operative chemoradiation. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Clinicopathologic and follow up dataof 128 patients with stage III rectal cancer who underwent curative resection from 1996 to 2007 were reviewed.The patients were divided into two groups according to the lymph node ratio: LNR ≤0.2 (n=28), and >0.2 (n=100).Kaplan-Meier and the Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic effectsaccording to LNR. <br/><b>Results</b>: Median numbers of lymph nodes examined and lymph nodes involved by tumourwere 10.3 (range 2-28) and 5.8 (range 1-25), respectively, and the median LNR was 0.5 (range, 0-1.6). The 5-yearsurvival rate significantly differed by LNR (≤0.2, 69%; >0.2, 19%; Log-rank p value < 0.001). LNR was alsoa significant prognostic factor of survival adjusted for age, sex, post-operative chemotherapy, total number ofexamined lymph nodes, metastasis and local recurrence (≤0.2, HR=1; >0.2, HR=4.8, 95%CI=2.1-11.1) and asignificant predictor of local recurrence and distant metastasis during follow-up independently of total number ofexamined lymph node. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Total number of examined lymph nodes and LNR were significant prognosticfactors for survival in patients with stage III rectal cancer undergoing pre-operative chemoradiotherapy.
Node ratio,rectal cancer,Prognosis,preoperative chemoradiation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27856.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27856_108a109c9004d6afa2be94cc3008337e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Oxidative Stress Induces Hypomethylation of LINE-1 and Hypermethylation of the RUNX3 Promoter in a Bladder Cancer Cell Line
3773
3778
EN
Increased oxidative stress and changes in DNA methylation are frequently detected in bladder cancer patients.We previously demonstrated a relationship between increased oxidative stress and hypomethylation of thetransposable long-interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1). Promoter hypermethylation of a tumor suppressorgene, runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3), may also be associated with bladder cancer genesis. In thisstudy, we investigated changes of DNA methylation in LINE-1 and RUNX3 promoter in a bladder cancer cell(UM-UC-3) under oxidative stress conditions, stimulated by challenge with H2O2 for 72 h. Cells were pretreatedwith an antioxidant, tocopheryl acetate for 1 h to attenuate oxidative stress. Methylation levels of LINE-1 andRUNX3 promoter were measured by combined bisulfite restriction analysis PCR and methylation-specific PCR,respectively. Levels of LINE-1 methylation were significantly decreased in H2O2-treated cells, and reestablishedafter pretreated with tocopheryl acetate. Methylation of RUNX3 promoter was significantly increased in cellsexposed to H2O2. In tocopheryl acetate pretreated cells, it was markedly decreased. In conclusion, hypomethylationof LINE-1 and hypermethylation of RUNX3 promoter in bladder cancer cell line was experimentally inducedby reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present findings support the hypothesis that oxidative stress promotesurothelial cell carcinogenesis through modulation of DNA methylation. Our data also imply that mechanisticpathways of ROS-induced alteration of DNA methylation in a repetitive DNA element and a gene promotermight differ.
bladder cancer,DNA Methylation,LINE-1,RUNX3,oxidative stress
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27857.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27857_c54b80e0798b8fd06b4e6bec48b47905.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Clinicopathological and Prognostic Characteristics of Triple- Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) in Chinese Patients: A Retrospective Study
3779
3784
EN
Aims: To determine the clinical, pathological and prognostic features associated with triple-negative breastcancer (TNBC). <br/><b>Methods</b>: Clinical and histologic data of 21,749 breast cancer patients who were treated atTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between July 2002 and December 2011 were collected.Patients were divided into two groups: those with TNBC and those with other types of breast cancer. Patientsand tumor characteristics were compared between the two groups using the Chi-square test. The prognosticresults of 9,823 patients in the study population were also analyzed to determine long-term survival rates in thetwo groups of breast cancer patients. <br/><b>Results</b>: Among the breast cancer patients treated in our hospital between2003 and 2011, 10.4%-13.5% of them had triple-negative breast cancers. Data analyses revealed significantdifferences in disease onset age, family history of breast cancer, tumor size, tumor histologic grade, lymph notepositivity and metastatic status between TNBC and non-TNBC patients. There were also significant differencesin 5-year, 7-year and 9-year disease-free and 7-year and 9-year overall survival probability between the groups.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>:TNBC are associated with younger disease onset age, larger tumor size, higher rate of axillarylymph node positivity, and higher tumor histologic grade. TNBC is also related to family history of breast cancer,increased metastatic risk and poor prognosis.
breast cancer,Triple negative,Prognosis,Grade,age at onset,Lymph node metastasis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27858.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27858_44c99fd1b656051ca4ec97b138e8f75f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Pitfalls in Reimbursement Decisions for Oncology Drugs in South Korea: Need for Addressing the Ethical Dimensions in Technology Assessment
3785
3792
EN
This study aimed to discover to what extent ethical issues are considered in the reimbursement decision processbased on health technology assessment (HTA) in Korea, especially for oncology medications. Public summarydocuments (PSDs) published by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) were analyzedfor empirical and normative factors. For external comparison, PSDs presented by corresponding institutions ofAustralia and the United Kingdom were employed. Furthermore, the opinions of eight expert oncologists wereobtained regarding the accountability of the evidence in PSDs. Among 7 oncology drugs, there were differencesin the final decisions and empirical factors considered, such as selected comparators and interpretation ofevidencebetween the PSDs from the three institutions. From an ethical viewpoint, the following matters weredeficient in the HTA decision-making process for oncology drugs: clear and reasonable standards; identifyinga nd evaluating ethical values; and public accountability for reasonableness about decisions and due process.
Health Technology Assessment,Ethics,Economic Analysis,Cost-effectiveness analysis,Korea
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27859.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27859_27a737e4e45e06c8a1ffe24698591780.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Down-regulation of Protease-activated Receptor 4 in Lung Adenocarcinoma is Associated with a More Aggressive Phenotype
3793
3798
EN
The role of protease-activated receptors (PARs) in lung tumors is controversial. Although PAR4 ispreferentially expressed in human lung tissues, its possible significance in lung cancer has not been defined. Thestudies reported herein used a combination of clinical observations and molecular methods. Surgically resectedlung adenocarcinomas and associated adjacent normal lung tissues were collected and BEAS-2B and NCI-H157cell lines were grown in tissue culture. PAR4 expression was evaluated by RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, Western blottingand immunohistochemistry analysis. The results showed that PAR4 mRNA expression was generally decreasedin lung adenocarcinoma tissues as compared with matched noncancerous tissues (67.7%) and was associatedwith poor differentiation (p=0.017) and metastasis (p=0.04). Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysisalso showed that PAR4 protein levels were mostly decreased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues (61.3%), and werealso associated with poor differentiation (p=0.035) and clinical stage (p=0.027). Moreover, PAR4 expression wasdecreased in NCI-H157 cells as compared with BEAS-2B cells. In conclusion, PAR4 expression is significantlydecreased in lung adenocarcinoma, and down-regulation of PAR4 is associated with a more clinically aggressivephenotype. PAR4 may acts as a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma.
PAR4,down-regulation,tumor suppressor,Lung cancer,adenocarcinoma
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27860.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27860_54ec8dc894c86173a5db0a6fa280ca0c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Sociodemographic Predictors of Recall and Recognition of Colorectal Cancer Symptoms and Anticipated Delay in Help- Seeking in a Multiethnic Asian Population
3799
3804
EN
<b>Background:</b> Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in Malaysia. The prognosis of the diseaseis excellent if detected at an early stage, but the majority of Malaysian patients present at late stages. We aimedto assess the awareness of cancer warning signs and anticipated delay in help-seeking as possible contributors tothis phenomenon. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A population-based cross-sectional survey using the Colorectal CancerAwareness Measure was initiated in Perak, Malaysia. A total of 2,379 respondents aged 18 years and above wererecruited using a multi-stage sampling in five locations. Analysis of covariance was used to examine independentsociodemographic predictors of scores for symptom awareness. <br/><b>Results</b>: Younger age, being female, a highereducation, and higher income were significantly associated with better scores for both recall and recognitionof warning symptoms. Among the ethnic groups, Malays had better recognition of symptoms whereas Chineserecalled the most symptoms. Passing bloody stool was associated with the least anticipated delay and unexplainedanal pain had the highest anticipated delay. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The level of awareness across all ethnicities in Malaysiais generally low, especially among minorities. Targeted public education, which is culturally and linguisticallyappropriate, should be developed to encourage early help-seeking and improve clinical outcomes.
Asia,colorectal cancer,awareness measure,ethnicity,rural population,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27861.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27861_02a75ec2ea7778695eedb29d18bca6a0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Interactive Effect of Bisphenol A (BPA) Exposure with -22G/C Polymorphism in LOX Gene on the Risk of Osteosarcoma
3805
3808
EN
<b>Background:</b> Osteosarcomas have many established risk factors, both genetic and environmental, but bythemselves these explain only part of the total cancer incidence. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental estrogenassociated with risk of several kinds of tumour. The lysyl oxidase gene (LOX) may also contribute to risk oftumours including osteosarcomas. Here, we investigated possible interactions of BPA and a LOX polymorphism onthe risk of osteosarcoma. <br/><b>Method</b>: The present hospital-based case-control study included 106 cancer patients and112 controls from a Chinese population. Internal burden of BPA exposure was assessed using high-performanceliquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method. Genotypes were determined using PCR-RFLPmethods. <br/><b>Results</b>: Compared with those in low BPA exposure group, subjects with BPA more than or equal tomedian value had significant increased risk of osteosarcoma among subjects who carried GC or CC genotypes.A significant interaction with BPA level and the -22G/C polymorphism was observed for osteosarcoma overall,osteosarcoma affecting knee and osteosarcoma affecting hip, as Pforinteraction = 0.036 for osteosarcoma overall;Pforinteraction = 0.024 for osteosarcoma affecting knee; and Pforinteraction = 0.017 for osteosarcoma affecting hip.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results suggest that BPA exposure interacts with the -22G/C polymorphism of the LOX geneto increase the risk of osteosarcoma.
osteosarcoma,bisphenol A (BPA),Lysyl oxidase gene (LOX),gene polymorphism,Interactive effect
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27862.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27862_1694f6f20ee870b2860c5da37cdd7be2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Association of XRCC1 Gene Polymorphisms with Breast Cancer Susceptibility in Saudi Patients
3809
3813
EN
<b>Background:</b> X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) plays a key role in the base excision repairpathway, as a scaffold protein that brings together proteins of the DNA repair complex. XRCC1 is reported tobe a candidate influence on cancer risk. The aim of our present study was to assess the association of rs1799782(Arg194Trp) and rs25487 (Arg399Gln) XRCC1 gene polymorphisms with breast cancer in the Saudi population.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The two SNP’s were analyzed in breast cancer patients and healthy control subjects.Genotypes were determined by TaqMan SNP genotype analysis technique and data were analyzed using Chisquareor t test and logistic regression analysis by SPSS16.0 software. Results and <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Results showedthat rs1799782 significantly increased susceptibility to breast cancer with Arg/Trp, Arg/Trp+Trp/Trp genotypesand at Trp allele overall study. It also increased risk of breast cancer in older age patients (above 48) and withthe ER positive category. XRCC1rs25487 (Arg399Gln) did not showed any significant association. In conclusionthe XRCC1rs1799782 polymorphism may be involved in the etiology of breast cancer in the Saudi population.Confirmation of our findings in larger populations of different ethnicities is warranted.
XRCC1,Saudi population,breast cancer,Genetic polymorphism
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27863.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27863_779c5502e033445126c85dab3c830b43.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Age Distribution of Breast Cancer from a Thailand Population-Based Cancer Registry
3815
3817
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer is a common cancer worldwide. With the establishment of Thailand’s populationbasedcancer registry and availability of complete data from 2002-2011, it is of interest to investigate theepidemiologic and clinic-pathological profiles of breast cancer based on the population-based registry data.<br/><b>Methods</b>: The data of all breast cancer patients in the registry for the period of 2002-2011 were included. Allmedical records of the patients diagnosed from documents of National Cancer Registry of Thailand were retrievedand the following information abstracted: age, clinical characteristics, and histological variables. Thailand censusdata for the period of 2002-2011 were used to provide the general population’s statistics on age, gender, andother related demographic factors. <br/><b>Results</b>: Over the 10 year-period, 7,711 breast cancer cases were included.The disease incidence under age 40 years was relatively low (4.13/105) while the incidence in the age groups 40and older was very high (39.2/105). The vast majority of breast cancer cases (88.8%) were diagnosed by histologyas primary lesions in the breast. The most common of patients with breast cancer (36.4%) had regional lymphnode involvement and the most common of histopathology diagnosed in patients (84.2%) was an infiltratingduct carcinoma. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This study showed a high incidence of breast cancer in older subjects, and highrate of breast cancer in Thailand. Future studies should explore clinical and molecular disease patterns.
breast cancer,incidence rates,Age Distribution,Thailand
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27864.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27864_d631665fc52f4edaadc8235cf1ef2071.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Serum Talin-1 is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients
3819
3823
EN
<b>Background:</b> Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The outcome ofHCC depends mainly on its early diagnosis. To date, the performance of traditional biomarkers is unsatisfactory.Talins were firstly identified as cytoplasmic protein partners of integrins but Talin-1 appears to play a crucial rolein cancer formation and progression. Our study was conducted to assess the diagnostic value of serum Talin-1(TLN1) compared to the most feasible traditional biomarker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for the diagnosis of HCC.<br/><b>Methods</b>: TLN1 was detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples from 120Egyptian subjects including 40 with HCC, 40 with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 40 healthy controls (HC). <br/><b>Results</b>:ROC curve analysis was used to create a predictive model for TLN1 relative to AFP in HCC diagnosis. Serumlevels of TLN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma patients were significantly higher compared to the other groups(p<0.0001). The diagnostic accuracy of TLN1 was higher than that of AFP regarding sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value in diagnosis of HCC. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The present studyshowed for the first time that Talin-1 (TLN1) is a potential diagnostic marker for HCC, with a higher sensitivityand specificity compared to the traditional biomarker AFP.
Hepatocellular carcinoma,Talin-1,Alpha-fetoprotein,Liver Cirrhosis,marker
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27865.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27865_768b7ada5eeae9b30bbb42b3414554f2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Surgical Treatment for Early Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
3825
3830
EN
More studies are needed to clarify treatments and prognosis of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). This retrospective study was designed to review the outcome of surgical treatment for early ESCC,evaluate the results of a left thoracotomy for selected patients with early ESCC, and identify factors affectinglymph node metastases and survival. The clinicopathological data of 228 patients with early ESCC who underwenttransthoracic esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy without preoperative adjuvant treatment were reviewed.The χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test were used to detect factors related to lymph node metastasis. Univariate andmultivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. There were 152 males and 76 females witha median age of 55 years. Two hundred and eight patients underwent a left thoracotomy, and the remaining20 patients with lymph nodes in the upper mediastinum more than 5 mm in short-axis diameter by computedtomography scan underwent a right thoracotomy. No lymph node metastasis was found in the 18 patients withcarcinoma in situ, while lymph node metastases were detected in 1.6% (1/62) of patients with mucosal tumoursand 18.2% (27/148) of patients with submucosal tumours. Only 7 patients showed upper mediastinal lymph nodemetastases in the follow-up. The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 81.4% and 70.1%, respectively. Onlyhistologic grade (P<0.001) and pT category (P=0.001) significantly correlated with the presence of lymph nodemetastases. In multivariate analysis, only histologic grade (P=0.026) and pT category (P=0.008) were independentprognostic factors. A left thoracotomy is acceptable for selected patients with early ESCC. Histologic grade andpT category affected the presence of lymph node metastases and were independent prognostic factors for earlyESCC.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,early cancer,Surgery,Prognosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27866.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27866_dcd079a405199c255a90416c09f92474.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
S100A14 Promotes the Growth and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
3831
3836
EN
<b>Background:</b> S100A14 has recently been implicated in the progress of several types of cancers. This studyaimed to investigate the clinical significance and possible mechanisms of action of S100A14 in the invasion andmetastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). <br/><b>Methods</b>: S100A14 expression in HCC was detected at mRNA andprotein levels and its prognostic significance was assessed. Functional roles of S100A14 in HCC were investigatedusing MTT, BrdU, wound healing, transwell invasion assay and HCC metastatic mouse model. <br/><b>Results</b>: S100A14was significantly elevated in HCC tissues, correlated with multiple tumor nodes, high Edmondson-Steiner gradeand vascular invasion. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the S100A14 expression level was a significant andindependent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) of HCC patients (hazard ratio=1.98, 95% confidenceinterval=1.14-3.46, P=0.013). S100A14 promoted cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis of HCC in vitro andin vivo. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: These results suggest S100A14 is a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC.
Hepatocellular carcinoma,S100A14,Metastasis,Prognosis,marker
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27867.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27867_669ba142366a508f74d5f217c81caa11.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Integration Sites and Genotype Distributions of Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
3837
3841
EN
<br/><b>Objectives</b>: To analyse HPV integration prevalence and genotype distributions in cervical intraepithelialneoplasia (CIN) in east part of China, furthermore to assess preferential sites for common HPV integrations andprovide baseline information for cervical abnormality screening and prevention. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Integration of HPV in113 paraffin-embedded cervical intraepithelial neoplasia samples was assessed using Gencap technology in KeyLaboratory of Biotechnologies in BGI-Shenzhen. <br/><b>Results</b>: 64 samples were HPV-integrated and as the cervicallesions increased, the integration rate became higher significantly (P=0.002). Fifteen different HPV genotypeswere detected, 14 high-risk (16, 18, 31, 33, 51, 52, 56, 58, 66, 68) and 1 low-risk (11). The most common genotypeswere HPV-16, 58, 33, 52, 66, and 56. Thirteen patients had co-integration involving mainly HPV-16 and 58. Thefrequency of HPV gene disruption was higher in L1 and E1 genes than in other regions of the viral genomes.<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Some 56.6% of CIN lesions in Qingdao had HPV integrations, and 67.2% of HPV-integrated patientswere HPV-16 and 58, more prone to be integrated in younger patients below 45 years old. There exist preferentialsites for HPV-16 and HPV-58 integration, and they are more likely to be disrupted in the L1 and E1 loci.
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,HPV,Integration,HPV Genotype,preferential sites
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27868.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27868_8d1761b1f46d5751a8950e359afe8f36.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Analysis of ICU Treatment on Resection of Giant Tumors in the Mediastinum of the Thoracic Cavity
3843
3846
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: The purpose of this study was to assess prognosis after resection of giant tumors (includinglobectomy or pneumonectomy) in the mediastinum. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Patients with resection of a gianttumor in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity received ICU treatment including dynamic monitoring ofvital signs, arterial blood pressure and CVP detection, determination of hemorrhage, pulmonary function andblood gas assay, treatment of relevant complications, examination and treatment with fiber optic bronchoscopy,transfusion and hemostasis as well as postoperative removal of ventilators by invasive and non-invasivesequential mechanical ventilation technologies. <br/><b>Results</b>: Six patients were rehabilitated successfully after ICUtreatment with controlled postoperative errhysis and pulmonary infection by examination and treatmentwith fiber optic bronchoscopy without second application of ventilators and tubes after sequential mechanicalventilation technology. One patient died from multiple organ failure under ICU treatment due to postoperativeactive hemorrhage after second operative hemostasis. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: During peri-operative period of resectionof giant tumor (including lobectomy or pneumonectomy) in mediastinum ofthe thoracic cavity, the ICU playsan important role in dynamic monitoring of vital signs, treatment of postoperative stress state, postoperativehemostasis and successful removal of ventilators after sequential mechanical ventilation.
Giant tumor in mediastinum of thoracic cavity,ICU,treatment during the peri-operative period
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27869.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27869_11487d26dae8cddf36e681d35f1b0b79.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 Promotes Bladder Cancer Through Upregulation of CXCR4
3847
3850
EN
The three homologous members of the p160 SRC family (SRC-1, SRC-2 and SRC-3) mediate the transcriptionalfunctions of nuclear receptors and other transcription factors, and are the most studied of all the transcriptionalco-activators. Recent work has indicated that the SRC-3 gene is subject to amplification and overexpression invarious human cancers. Some of the molecular mechanisms responsible for SRC overexpression, along with themechanisms by which SRC-3 promotes breast and prostate cancer cell proliferation and survival, have beenidentified. However, the function of SRC-3 in bladder cancer remains poorly understood. In the present study,our results indicate that overexpression of SRC-3 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation whereas knockdownof SRC-3 results in inhibition. At the molecular level, we further established that CXCR4 is a transcriptionaltarget of SRC-3. Therefore, our study first identified that SRC-3 plays a critical role in the bladder cancer, whichmay be a target beneficial for its prevention and treatment.
SRC-3,bladder cancer,CXCR4
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27870.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27870_d13c5adb502853aded4f016c852064d0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Serum Tumor Markers, Hypoxia-Inducible factor-1α HIF-1α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, in Patients with Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Before and after Intervention
3851
3854
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To explore changes in the serum tumor makers, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascularendothelial growth factor (VEGF) level and their relations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)before and after intervention. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Forty patients with NSCLC and 40 healthy individualsundergoing physical examination in our hospital provided the observation and control groups. HIF-1α andVEGF levels in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) in the observationgroup before and after intervention and in control group on the day of physical examination, along with serumcarcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-speci ic enolase (NSE) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC)levels in the observation group with a fully automatic biochemical analyzer. Clinical effects and improvement oflife quality in the observation group were also evaluated. <br/><b>Results</b>: The total effective rate and improvement oflife quality after treatment in observation group were 30.0% and 32.5%, respectively. Serum HIF-1α and VEGFlevels in the control group were lower than that in observation group (p<0.01), but remarkably elevatedafterintervention (p<0.01). In addition, serum CEA, NSE and SCC levels were apparently lowered by treatment(p<0.01). Serum HIF-1αdemonstrated a positive relation with VEGF level (p<0.01) and was inversely relatedwith CEA, NSE and SCC levels (p<0.01). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Significant correlations exist between marked increaseof serum HIF-1α and VEGF levels and decrease of indexes related to hematological tumor markers in NSCLCpatients after intervention.
intervention,non-small cell lung cancer,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor,hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27871.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27871_58394d05be9c99cafd80092e5eb1d5a4.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Potential Therapeutic Efficacy of Curcumin in Liver Cancer
3855
3859
EN
Purpose: Liver cancer, one of the most common cancers in China, is reported to feature relatively highmorbidity and mortality. Curcumin (Cum) is considered as a drug possessing anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammationand anti-oxidation effect. Previous research has demonstrated antitumor effects in a series of cancers. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: In this study the in vitro cytotoxicity of Cum was measured by MTT assay and pro-apoptotic effectswere assessed by DAPI staining and measurement of caspase-3 activity. In vivo anti-hepatoma efficacy of Cumwas assessed with HepG2 xenografts. <br/><b>Results</b>: It is found that Cum dose-dependently inhibited cell growth inHepG2 cells with activation of apoptosis. Moreover, Cum delayed the growth of liver cancer in a dose-dependentmanner in nude mice. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Cum might be a promising phytomedicine in cancer therapy and furtherefforts are needed to explore this therapeutic strategy.
curcumin,Apoptosis,Liver cancer,In vitro,in vivo
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27872.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27872_f19b7ac6736aae70d84841a03a23c93d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Risk Effects of GST Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Prospective Study
3861
3864
EN
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme levels are associated with risk of many cancers, including hematologictumours. We here aimed to investigate the relationships between GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms andthe risk of AML. Genotyping of GSTs was based upon duplex polymerase-chain-reactions with the confrontingtwo-pair primer (PCR-CTPP) method in 163 cases and 204 controls. Individuals carrying null GSTT1 genotypehad a 1.64 fold risk of acute leukemia relative to a non-null genotype (P<0.05). A heavy risk was observed inthose carrying combination of null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 and GSTP1 Val allele genotypes whencompared with those carrying wild genotypes, with an OR (95% CI) of 3.39 (1.26-9.26) (P<0.05). These findingsindicate that genetic variants of GST and especially the GSTT1 gene have a critical function in the developmentof AML. Our study offers important insights into the molecular etiology of AML.
Glutathione S-Transferase,Polymorphism,acute myeloid leukemia,risk
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27873.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27873_536c39d3ab8925307bddf99b1fb06710.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Correlates of Digit Bias in Self-reporting of Cigarette per Day (CPD) Frequency: Results from Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), India and its Implications
3865
3869
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cigarette per day (CPD) use is a key smoking behaviour indicator. It reflects smoking intensitywhich is directly proportional to the occurrence of tobacco induced cancers. Self reported CPD assessment insurveys may suffer from digit bias and under reporting. Estimates from such surveys could influence the policydecision for tobacco control efforts. In this context, this study aimed at identifying underlying factors of digit biasand its implications for Global Adult Tobacco Surveillance. Materials or <br/><b>Methods</b>: Daily manufactured cigaretteusers CPD frequencies from Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) - India data were analyzed. Adapted WhippleIndex was estimated to assess digit bias and data quality of reported CPD frequency. Digit bias was quantifiedby considering reporting of ‘0’ or ‘5’ as the terminal digits in the CPD frequency. The factors influencing it wereidentified by bivariate and logistic regression analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: The mean and mode of CPD frequency was 6.7and 10 respectively. Around 14.5%, 15.1% and 15.2% of daily smokers had reported their CPD frequency as 2,5 and 10 respectively. Modified Whipple index was estimated to be 226.3 indicating poor data quality. Digit biaswas observed in 38% of the daily smokers. Heavy smoking, urban residence, North, South, North- East region ofIndia, less than primary, secondary or higher educated and fourth asset index quintile group were significantlyassociated with digit bias. Discussion: The present study highlighted poor quality of CPD frequency data inthe GATS-India survey and need for its improvement. Modeling of digit preference and smoothing of the CPDfrequency data is required to improve quality of data. Marketing of 10 cigarette sticks per pack may influenceCPD frequency reporting, but this needs further examination. Exploring alternative methods to reduce digitbias in cross sectional surveys should be given priority
smoking,cigarette per day (CPD),digit bias,Smoothing,GATS,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27874.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27874_70b37ea6a8c297224662ff584cf377a1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Hsa-miR-181a-5p Expression and Effects on Cell Proliferation in Gastric Cancer
3871
3875
EN
Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs (approximately22 nt). Accumulating evidence has shown that aberrant miRNA expression is pronounced and correlatedwith gastric cancer genesis and progression. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Expression levels of miR-181a-5p in GCtissues and cell lines were assessed by qRT-PCR and tested for correlation with clinical features. In addition,effects of miR-181a-5p on GC cell growth were investigated. <br/><b>Results</b>: Our findings indicate that miR-181a-5pis upregulated in GC, in correlation with lymph node invasion, nerve invasion and vascular invasion (P<0.05).Enforced expression of miR-181a -5p promoted cell proliferation ability. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This study suggested thatincreased miR-181a-5p is related to GC progression. MiR-181a-5p may represent a potential therapeutic targetfor GC.
miR-181a-5p,GC,qPCR,Cell proliferation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27875.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27875_749ba260618245a4ae84d7f25e4e7935.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Expression and Significance of TSGF, CEA and AFP in Patients Before and after Radical Surgery for Colon Cancer
3877
3880
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To explore the expression and significance of tumor specific growth factor (TSGF), carcinoembryonicantigen (CEA) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in cancer tissue and serum of patients with colon cancer. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: Radical surgery for colon cancer was performed on 43 patients with laparoscopu under conditionsof general anesthesia. The Elisa method was used to detect the levels of serum TSGF, CEA and AFP before andafter radical operation, and cancer tissue underwent TSGF, CEA and AFP immunohistochemistry staining afterlaparoscopic surgery. The decreased conditions of serum TSGF, CEA and AFP in patients with colon cancer atdifferent levels of differentiation and clinical stagings were analyzed, and the relationships of expression ratesbetween histological types, colon cancer morphology, lymph node metastasis and TSGF, CEA as well as AFPin cancer tissue were assessed. <br/><b>Results</b>: Compared with before radical surgery, the levels of serum TSGF, CEAand AFP decreased notably in patients after operations (p<0.01). The decreased degree of TSGF and CEA wasthe largest in patients with poorly differentiated cancer tissue (p<0.01), while that of AFP was noted in patientswith moderately differentiated cancer tissue (p<0.01). The decreased degree of TSGF and AFP was the largestin patients at phase Dukes A (p<0.01), while that of CEA in patients at phase Dukes C (p<0.01). There were nosignificant differences among the positive expression rates of TSGF, CEA and AFP with different histologicaltypes and colon cancer morphologies (p>0.05). The positive expression rates of TSGF and CEA in patients withlymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis (p<0.01). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:TSGF, CEA and AFP can be used to evaluate the effect of radical operation for colon cancer, and the changedlevels of different markers are associated with tumor differentiation, clinical stating and presence or absence oflymph node metastasis.
Colon cancer,Tumor markers,clinical staging,immunohistochemistry,Serum,TSGF,CEA,AFP
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27876.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27876_75347bb0e2f0de188180e6bd0fbde6f9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Circulating Lymphocytes as Predictors of Sensitivity to Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer Cases
3881
3885
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: The objective of this study was to identify clinical predictive factors for tumor response afterneoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). <br/><b>Methods</b>: All factors wereevaluated in 88 patients with LARC treated with nCRT. After a long period of 4-8 weeks of chemoradiotherapy,3 patients achieved clinical complete response (cCR) and thus aggressive surgery was avoided, and the remaining85 patients underwent a curative-intent operation. The response to nCRT was evaluated by tumor regressiongrade (TRG) system. <br/><b>Results</b>: There were 32 patients (36.4%) with good tumor regression (TRG 3-4) and 56(63.6%) with poor tumor regression (TRG 0-2). Lymphocyte counts and ratios were higher in good responsecases (P=0.01, 0.03, respectively) while neutrophil ratios and N/L ratios were higher in poor response cases(P=0.04, 0.02, respectively). High lymphocyte ratios before nCRT and good tumor regression (TRG3-4) weresignificantly associated with improved 5-year disease-free survival (P<0.05). Pretreatment nodal status wasalso significantly associated with 5-year disease-free survival and 5-year overall survival (P<0.05). Multivariateanalysis confirmed that the pretreatment lymphocyte ratio and lymph nodal status were independent prognosticfactors. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our study suggested that LARC patients with high lymphocyte ratios before nCRT wouldhave good tumor response and high 5-year DFS and OS.
rectal cancer,Lymphocytes,neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,tumor regression grade
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27877.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27877_7612c33bc2d45f44826a7d436f818aff.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Secondline Chemotherapy Versus Best Supportive Care in Patient with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Retrospective Study
3887
3889
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: Mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm arising from mesothelial surfaces with the malignant pleuralmesothelioma (MPM) as the most common form. Secondline chemotherapy in MPM is still controversial andin this study we evaluated whether it is superior to best supportive care. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 51patients with MPM from Acibadem Kayseri Hospital, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital and ErciyesUniversity were analyzed retrospectively. The patients treated with secondline chemotherapies (SLCT) werecompared with those treated with best supportive care (BSC) for overall survival. <br/><b>Results</b>: The median overallsurvival (OS) for firstline chemotherapygSLCT and firstline chemotherapygBSC groups were 20.3 and 14.7months respectively (p=0.079). After firstline chemotherapy the median OS for SLCT and BSC were 5.9 and4.7 months (p=0.355). Discussion: Although there was a trend for improvement in overall survival in patientstreated with secondline chemotherapy, the difference was not statistically significant. Our results do not supportthe proposal that secondline chemotherapy could be effective in patients with MPM.
Mesothelioma,survival,secondline chemotherapy,best supportive care
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27878.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27878_df9c88af1e77bf1b8f0fa42785b307ab.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Prognostic Significance of α5β1-integrin Expression in Cervical Cancer
3891
3895
EN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of expression of α5β1-integrin with clinicopathologicfeatures and prognosis in cervical cancer. Levels of α5β1-integrin in normal cervical mucosa and cervicalcancer tissue were detected with immunohistochemistry. Survival analysis by the Kaplan-Meier method wasperformed to assess prognostic significance. α5β1-integrin expression was detected in 84.6% (143/169) cervicalcancer samples, significantly different from that in normal cervical mucosa (P < 0.05). Positive expressionrates of α5β1-integrin in patients with poor histologic differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and recurrencewere elevated. Using Kaplan–Meier analysis, a comparison of survival curves of low versus high expression ofα5β1-integrin revealed a highly significant difference in human cervical cancer cases (P < 0.05), suggesting thatoverexpression of α5β1-integrin is associated with a worse prognosis.The α5β1-integrin promotes angiogenesisand associates with lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and poor prognosis of cervical cancer. The currentstudy indicated that α5β1-integrin may be an independent prognostic factor for cervical cancer patients.
cervical cancer,α5β1-integrin,Prognosis,survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27879.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27879_c913431126afd56edda3bbefea528800.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Prognostic Value of T Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin-3 in Prostate Cancer
3897
3901
EN
<b>Background:</b> Optimal treatment for prostate cancer remains a challenge worldwide. Recently, T cellimmunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) has been implicated in tumor biology but its contribution prostate cancerremains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TIM-3 as a prognostic marker in patientswith prostate cancer. <br/><b>Methods</b>: TIM-3 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry andWestern blotting in 137 prostate cancer tumor samples and paired adjacent benign tissue. We also performedcell proliferation assays using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl- 2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) andcell invasion assays. The effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of TIM-3 (TIM-3siRNA) in two human prostate cancer cell lines were also evaluated. <br/><b>Results</b>: TIM-3 expression was higher inprostate cancer tissue than in the adjacent benign tissue (P<0.001). High TIM-3 expression was an independentpredictor of both recurrence-free survival and progression-free survival. TIM-3 protein was expressed in bothprostate cancer cell lines and knockdown suppressed their proliferation and invasion capacity. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:TIM-3 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Taken together, our resutlts indicatethat TIM-3 is a potential prognostic marker in prostate cancer.
TIM-3,Prostate Cancer,Prognosis,Biomarker
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27880.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27880_7a9cf2ce1e84a9a1af3189d2e7ddf409.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Effectiveness of Aromatherapy with Light Thai Massage for Cellular Immunity Improvement in Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
3903
3907
EN
<b>Background:</b> Patients with colorectal cancer are usually treated with chemotherapy, which reduces the numberof blood cells, especially white blood cells, and consequently increases the risk of infections. Some researchstudies have reported that aromatherapy massage affects the immune system and improves immune functionby, for example, increasing the numbers of natural killer cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes. However,there has been no report of any study which provided good evidence as to whether aromatherapy with Thaimassage could improve the immune system in patients with colorectal cancer. The objectives of this study wereto determine whether the use of aromatherapy with light Thai massage in patients with colorectal cancer, whohave received chemotherapy, can result in improvement of the cellular immunity and reduce the severity of thecommon symptoms of side effects. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Sixty-six patients with colorectal cancer in PhichitHospital, Thailand, were enrolled in a single-blind, randomised-controlled trial. The intervention consisted ofthree massage sessions with ginger and coconut oil over a 1-week period. The control group received standardsupportive care only. Assessments were conducted at pre-assessment and at the end of one week of massage orstandard care. Changes from pre-assessment to the end of treatment were measured in terms of white blood cells,neutrophils, lymphocytes, CD4 and CD8 cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio and also the severity of self-rated symptomscores. <br/><b>Results</b>: The main finding was that after adjusting for pre-assessment values the mean lymphocyte countat the post-assessment was significantly higher (P=0.04) in the treatment group than in the controls. The sizeof this difference suggested that aromatherapy with Thai massage could boost lymphocyte numbers by 11%.The secondary outcomes were that at the post assessment the symptom severity scores for fatigue, presentingsymptom, pain and stress were significantly lower in the massage group than in the standard care controls.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Aromatherapy with light Thai massage can be beneficial for the immune systems of cancer patientswho are undergoing chemotherapy by increasing the number of lymphocytes and can help to reduce the severityof common symptoms.
colorectal cancer,aromatherapy,light Thai massage,Chemotherapy,cellular immunity
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27881.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27881_13f9c0ae621de3606de5da7dbd711ba7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Acacia ferruginea Inhibits Tumor Progression by RegulatingInflammatory Mediators-(TNF-a, iNOS, COX-2, IL-1ß, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-2, GM-CSF) and Pro-Angiogenic Growth Factor-VEGF
3909
3919
EN
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of A ferruginea extract on Dalton’s lymphomaascites (DLA) induced tumours in BALB/c mice. Experimental animals received A ferruginea extract (10 mg/kg.b.wt) intraperitoneally for 14 consecutive days after DLA tumor challenge. Treatment with extract significantlyincreased the life span, total white blood cell (WBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb) content and decreased the level ofserum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and nitric oxide (NO) in DLA bearing ascites tumor models. In addition, administration ofextract significantly decreased the tumour volume and body weight in a DLA bearing solid tumor model. Thelevels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), as well as pro-angiogenicgrowth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)were elevated in solid tumour controls, but significantly reduced by A ferruginea administration. On the otherhand, the extract stimulated the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in animals withDLA induced solid tumours. Increase in CD4+ T-cell population suggested strong immunostimulant activity forthis extract. GC/MS and LC/MS analysis showed quinone, quinoline, imidazolidine, pyrrolidine, cyclopentenone,thiazole, pyrazole, catechin and coumarin derivatives as major compounds present in the A ferruginea methanolicextract. Thus, the outcome of the present study suggests that A ferruginea extract has immunomodulatory andtumor inhibitory activities and has the potential to be developed as a natural anticancer agent.
Acacia ferruginea,antitumor activity,Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites,pro-inflammatory cytokines,LC/MS
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27882.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27882_c2039003a2cd1fe850355f0f35296c41.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Impact of Postoperative Chemoradiotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy Alone for Esophageal Cancer in North-West Iran
3921
3924
EN
<b>Background:</b> To investigate the role of surgical treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer, we comparedthe outcomes of chemoradiotheroy alone (CRT) to postoperative chemoradiotherapy (S/CRT), using, RegionalRadiotherapy Center, database. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This retrospective study was conducted in North-Westof Iran, included of 255 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer. Eligible operable and non-operable, weretreated with S/CRT and CRT respectively. Radiotherapy (RT) was delivered at 1.8-2 Gy/day for five consecutivedays in a given week. Chemotherapy (CT) consisted of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. <br/><b>Results</b>: From March 2006to March 2011 255 patients: male/female 129/96, median age 68 (35-90), squamous/adeno 213/12, received CRT/S+CRT 166/59, median radiation dose 45±13.6Gy, Median survival 13.5 (11-15), overall survival (OS) One/Two/Three 57/21/16%, Died/alive 158/97, Univariate analysis prognostic factors: age/stag/differentiation/dose ofRT/fraction/treatment, Multivariate analysis predictor factor: dose of RT/fraction. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Although thistreatment offers some possibility for improvement of patients with esophageal cancer, there remains a significantneed for development of new drug and new therapeutic approaches that can substantially impact survival.
definitive chemo radiotherapy,survival,Esophageal Cancer,postoperative chemo radiotherapy,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27883.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27883_e3f060c7c80761894ab0add06c1dc98e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
CYP1A1 (Ile462Val), CYP1B1 (Ala119Ser and Val432Leu), GSTM1 (null), and GSTT1 (null) Polymorphisms and Bladder Cancer Risk in a Turkish Population
3925
3929
EN
We aimed to investigate bladder cancer risk with reference to polymorphic variants of cytochrome p450 (CYP)1A1, CYP1B1, glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, and GSTT1 genes in a case control study. Polymorphismswere examined in 114 bladder cancer patients and 114 age and sex-matched cancer-free subjects. Genotypes weredetermined using allele specific PCR for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 genes, and by multiplex PCR and melting curveanalysis for GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes. Our results revealed a statistically significant increased bladder cancerrisk for GSTT1 null genotype carriers with an odds ratio of 3.06 (95% confidence interval=1.39-6.74, p=0.006).Differences of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and GSTM1 genotype frequencies were not statistically significant betweenpatients and controls. However, the specific combination of GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, and CYP1B1 codon 119risk allele carriers and specific combination of GSTM1 present, GSTT1 null, and CYP1B1 432 risk allele carriersexhibited increased cancer risk in the combined analysis. We did not observe any association between differentgenotype groups and prognostic tumor characteristics of bladder cancer. Our results indicate that inheritedabsence of GSTT1 gene may be associated with bladder cancer susceptibility, and specific combinations ofGSTM1, GSTT1 and CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms may modify bladder cancer risk in the Turkish population,without any association being observed for CYP1A1 gene polymorphism and bladder cancer risk.
bladder cancer,CYP1A1,CYP1B1,GSTM1,GSTT1
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27884.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27884_12e6b7c19388cff7f67b40e2b97d85a6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Serum Gastrin and the Pepsinogen I/II Ratio as Markers for Diagnosis of Premalignant Gastric Lesions
3931
3936
EN
<b>Background:</b> Iran is a country with very high incidences of stomach cancer, especially in Northern parts.Here we assessed prognostic value of serum screening biomarkers among people >50 years old for early detectionof precancerous lesions in a hot spot for gastric carcinoma in Guilan Province, North Iran. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A crosssectionalpopulation-based survey was conducted on 1,390 residents of Lashtenasha city with the mean age (SD)of 61.8 (9.02) years old (50.8% females) to assess the association of gastrin and the pepsinogen (PG) I/II ratiowith premalignant gastric lesions. Blood samples were taken for CBC, blood group, and serologic exams (PGI,PGII, and gastrin 17) from each subject. Expert gastroenterologists performed upper GI endoscopy and ROCcurves were generated to determine appropriate cutoff points. <br/><b>Results</b>: Mean values of PGI, PGII, PGI/PGIIand gastrin were significantly different between patients with and without atrophy or metaplasia (P<0.05). Todiagnose atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, a significantly higher AUC was observed for the PGI/PGII ratio(70 and 72%, respectively) compared to the PGI (56, 55%), PGII (63, 64%) and gastrin (59, 61%) (all p<0.001).<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Biomarker tests such as the PGI/II ratio can be used in the screening and diagnosis of subjects athigh gastric cancer risk in our region.
Gastrin,pepsinogen I,pepsinogen II,preneoplastic lesion- gastric cancer,Northern Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27885.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27885_3b558c4ac7dfb0e342bb129567905c1e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Expression and Significance of ER, PR, VEGF, CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in Judging the Prognosis of Breast Cancer
3937
3940
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To explore the expression and significance of estrogen receptor (ER), progestrone receptor(PR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CA15-3, CA125 and carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA)expression in judging the prognosis of breast cancer. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Sixty-five patients with breastcancer undergoing operations in the general surgery department were considered as the observation group,and 50 healthy outpatients of our hospital as the control group. Cubital venous blood was drawn in the morningfrom fasting patients in the two groups and chemiluminescence immunoassays were used to detect the levels ofCA15-3, CA125 and CEA in serum. The follow-up duration was from 4 months to 2 years, and change in levelsof the indicators was detected by dynamically drawing blood. After surgery, cancer tissue samples of patientsin observation group remained on file (the non-recurrent patients were biopsied). Immunohistochemistry wasapplied to determine the expression of ER, PR and VEGF in tissue. <br/><b>Results</b>: The effective rate of 12 patientswith negative ER and PR expression was 33.3% in the observation group, being associated with prognosis tovarying extents. Serum CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in the observation group were all significantly higher than incontrol group (p<0.01). With increase in pathological staging, levels of serum CA15-3, CA125 and CEA graduallyincreased (p<0.01). Levels in patients with lymph node metastasis were markedly higher than in those without(p<0.01). In addition, values with distal lymph node metastasis were notably higher than with adjacent lymphnode metastasis (p<0.01). The postoperative follow-up results revealed that positive VEGF and levels of serumVEGF, CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in recurrence group were obviously higher than in non-recurrence group(p<0.01). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Joint detection of ER and PR expression as well as levels of serum VEGF, CA15-3, CA125and CEA is meaningful and can guide the diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer.
Estrogen Receptor,progestrone receptor,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor,Tumor markers,breast cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27886.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27886_39e77f6cf9084ee491ed62dc41abf476.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Preoperative Long Course Chemoirradiation in a Developing Country for Rectal Carcinoma: Kuala Lumpur Hospital Experience
3941
3944
EN
<b>Background:</b> The use of preoperative chemoirradiation is the commonest treatment strategy employedin Malaysia for locally advanced rectal cancer. We need to determine the local control and survival rates forcomparison with established rates in the literature. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This retrospective study analyzedall newly diagnosed patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent long course preoperative radiotherapy(RT) at the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kuala Lumpur Hospital (HKL) between 1st January2004 and 31st December 2010. The aim of the study was to determine the radiological response post radiotherapy,pathological response including circumferential resection margin (CRM) status, 3 years local control, 3 yearsoverall survival (OS) and 3 years disease free survival (DFS). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSSsoftware. Kaplan-Meier and log rank analysis were used to determine survival outcomes. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 507patients with rectal cancer underwent RT at HKL. Sixty seven who underwent long course preoperative RT wereeligible for this study. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years old with a range of 26-78 years. The mediantumour location was 6 cm from the anal verge. Most patients had suspicion of mesorectum involvement (95.5%)while 28.4% of patients had enlarged pelvic nodes on staging CT scan. All patients underwent preoperativechemo-irradiation except for five who had preoperative RT alone. Only 38 patients underwent definitivesurgery (56.7%). Five patients were deemed to be inoperable radiologically and 3 patients were found to haveunresectable disease intraoperatively. The remaining 21 patients defaulted surgery (31.3%). The median timefrom completion of RT to surgery was 8 weeks (range 5.6 to 29.4 weeks). Fifteen patients (39.5%) had surgerymore than 8 weeks after completion of RT. Complete pathological response was noted in 4 patients (10.5%).The pathological CRM positive rate after RT was 18.4%. With a median follow-up of 38.8 months, the 3 yearlocal control rate was 67%. The 3 years rate for CRM positive (<2 mm), CRM clear (>2 mm) and pCR groupswere 0%, 88.1% and 100% respectively (p-value of 0.007). The 3 year OS and DFS were 57.3% and 44.8%respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In conclusion, the approach of long course preoperative chemoirradiation for rectalcancer needs to be re-examined in our local setting. The high rate of local recurrence is worrying and is mainlydue to patient defaulting post-preoperative chemoirradiation or delayed definitive surgery.
rectal cancer,preoperative chemoirradiation,local control
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27887.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27887_b500b1f827beb1d5fab8f8850eeea017.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
ABO Blood Groups are Not Associated with Treatment Response and Prognosis in Patients with Local Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
3945
3948
EN
<b>Background:</b> Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, late diagnosis being the main obstacle toimproving the outcomes with stage at diagnosis as an important prognostic factor. Relationships betweenABO blood groups and risk of benign or malignant diseases have been observed and in this study, we aimedto investigate whether they might affect prognosis and response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with localadvanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Eighty-one patients with non-metastaticlocal advanced NSCLC were included in the study. ABO blood groups were A in 45 (55.6%), B in 7 (8.6%), ABin 8 (9.9%), and O in 21 (25.9%) patients. The patients were also divided two groups according to blood group A(45 patients) and non-A (B, AB and O; 36 patients). Response to chemoradiotherapy was complete remission in10 (12.3%), disease regression in 42 (51.9%), stable disease in 12 (14.8%), and disease progression in 17 (21.0%)patients. <br/><b>Results</b>: There was no significant difference among ABO blood group categories or between patientswith A blood group and those with non-A blood group in terms of responses to chemoradiotherapy (p>0.05).There were also no significant differences regarding overall and disease-free survival rates. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: TheABO blood group system has no significant effect on prognosis and response to chemoradiotherapy in patientswith non-metastatic NSCLC.
ABO blood groups,Lung cancer,Prognosis,response to chemoradiotherapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27888.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27888_5c0b78ccade566cf839c73a1d048bd86.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Phase II Clinical Study on the GEMOX Regimen as Secondline Therapy for Advanced Ovarian Cancer
3949
3953
EN
Aim: To investigate the effectiveness and adverse effects of gemcitabine by fixed-dose rate infusion plusoxaliplatin (GEMOX regimen) as second-line therapy for advanced ovarian cancer. <br/><b>Methods</b>: 64 patients withadvanced ovarian cancer were divided into an experimental group (44 cases) and a control group (20 cases).The experimental group was treated with continuous intravenous infusion of gemcitabine at 1000 mg/m2 with afixed-dose rate of 10 mg/m2/min, on days 1 and 8 and oxaliplatin at 100 mg/m2 on day 1, IVGTT, repeated every3 weeks. The control group was treated with intravenous infusion of gemcitabine at 1000 mg/m2 within 30 minon days 1 and and oxaliplatin at 100 mg/m2 on day 1, IVGTT, again repeated every 3 weeks. CT scans or MRIwere used for review every 1-2 cycles. <br/><b>Results</b>: The effective rate in the experimental group was significantly highthan control group (43.2% vs 35.0%; P < 0.05), with no obvious difference of hematologic or non-hematologictoxicity between the two groups (P > 0.05). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: GEMOX regimen is very effective to treat advancedovarian cancer, with low toxicity, good tolerance and improved life quality in patients.
Ovarian Cancer,Gemcitabine,Oxaliplatin
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27889.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27889_a6827bc733f20c3b1de14b9332caae43.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Predominant Genotypes and Alleles of Two Functional Polymorphisms in the Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene are Not Associated with Thai Cervical or Breast Cancer
3955
3961
EN
<b>Background:</b> Defects of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) have long been implicated in generationof oxidative stress and risk susceptibility to various cancers. Two functional polymorphisms within the MnSODgene, including the Val-9Ala of the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) and the Ile58Thr of the exon-3,have been proposed to reduce its enzyme activity and antioxidant potential. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A highthroughputmultiplex SNaPshot® system was developed herein for simultaneous analyses of Val-9Ala andIle58Thr in a single reaction. Genomic DNA extracted from each whole blood sample of 248 patients including107 with cervical cancer and 141 with breast cancer and from 136 healthy women as controls was analyzed bythe multiplex SNaPshot® system. <br/><b>Results</b>: The Val/Val, Val/Ala genotypes and the Val allele of the MTS werepredominant in patients with cervical or breast cancer as well as healthy women in Thailand. The Ile/Ile genotypeand the Ile allele of the exon-3 were found in all of them whereas none of the Ile/Thr, the Thr/Thr genotypes andthe Thr allele was detected. Genotypic association of both Val-9Ala and Ile58Thr polymorphisms with cervicalcancer and breast cancer of these patients comparing to healthy women was not statistically significant (p<0.05).<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The Val/Val, Val/Ala genotypes and the Val allele of the MTS were found predominantly but theIle/Ile genotype and the Ile allele of the exon-3 were detected in patients with cervical cancer, breast cancer andhealthy women in Thailand. These two functional polymorphisms (Val-9Ala and Ile58Thr) in MnSOD gene didnot associate with susceptibility risk of these cancer patients in Thailand.
Two functional polymorphisms,MnSOD gene,cervical cancer,breast cancer,Thailand
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27890.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27890_e90acd9b744ff6a366dd1ba2b4a440c8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Determination of Frequency of Epstein-Barr Virus in Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas Using EBV Latent Membrane Protein 1 (EBV-LMP1) Immunohistochemical Staining
3963
3967
EN
<b>Background:</b> The presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma can be identified byimmunohistochemistry for detection of EBV latent membrane protein (LMP). The role of EBV as an etiologic agentin the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma has been supported by detection of high levels of latent membraneprotein 1 (LMP-1) expression in tumors. However, no study has been conducted in a Pakistani population up tillnow to determine the frequency of Epstein-Barr virus positivity. The objective of our study was to determine avalue for non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients using EBV LMP-1 immunostaining in our institution. Materials and<br/><b>Methods</b>: This study was carried out at the Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology(AFIP), Pakistan from December 2011 to December 2012. It was a cross sectional study. A total of 71 patientswho were diagnosed with various subtypes of NHL after histological and EBV LMP-1 immunohistochemicalevaluation were studied. Sampling technique was non-probability purposive. Statistical analysis was achievedusing SPSS version 17.0. Mean and SD were calculated for quantitative variables like patient age. Frequenciesand percentages were calculated for qualitative variables like subgroup of NHL, results outcome of IHC forEBV and gender distribution. <br/><b>Results</b>: Mean age of the patients was 53.6±16 years (Mean±SD). A total of 50(70.4%) were male and 21 (29.6%) were female. Some 9 (12.7%) out of 71 cases were positive for EBV–LMP-1immunostaining, 2 (22.2%) follicular lymphoma cases, 1 (11.1%) case of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, 4 (44.4%)cases of diffuse large B cell lymphomas, 1 (11.1%) mantle cell lymphoma and 1 (11.1%) angioimmunoblastic Tcell lymphoma case. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: In our study, frequency of EBV in NHL is 12.7% and is mostly seen in diffuselarge B cell lymphoma. This requires further evaluation to find out whether this positivity is due to co-infectionor has a role in pathogenesis.
Epstein-Barr Virus,NHL,immunohistochemistry,latent membrane protein-1
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27891.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27891_4a3eca66503ef46049fd5bd3b22abce9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Epidemiological Evaluation of Laryngeal Cancer Incidence in Kazakhstan for The Years 1999-2009
3969
3974
EN
The purpose was to provide a descriptive epidemiological assessment of the incidence of cancer of the larynxin Kazakhstan and spatial evaluation with gender characteristics. Thgis retrospective study covered all new casesof laryngeal cancer in 11 years (1999-2009). The total number was 4,967 cases, 4,535 (91.3%) in males and 432(8.7%) in women, with a ratio of 10.5:1. The higher incidence in men compared to women was evident in all agegroups, the differences being statistically significant (p<0.05). At the same time revealed a unimodal growth withage, peaking at 70 years and older both sexes. In the dynamics, incidence rates of laryngeal cancer demonstrateda tendency to decrease, in women (T=−6.7%) this being more pronounced than in men (T=−3.3%). Levels weredetermined to produce cartograms of cancer of the larynx for male and female populations, clear geographicalvariation being evidenced. The data are discussed with reference to possible risk factors.
laryngeal cancer,Incidence,Gender,age,cartogram
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27892.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27892_8ee8385fa48392e235528dbf9f4864db.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Antiproliferative Activity of Lavatera cashmeriana- Protease Inhibitors towards Human Cancer Cells
3975
3978
EN
<b>Background:</b> Proteases play a regulatory role in a variety of pathologies including cancer, pancreatitis,thromboembolic disorders, viral infections and many others. One of the possible strategies to combat thesepathologies seems to be the use of protease inhibitors. LC-pi I, II, III and IV (Lavatera cashmerian-proteaseinhibitors) have been found in vitro to strongly inhibit trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase, proteases contributingto tumour invasion and metastasis, indicated possible anticancer effects. The purpose of this study was to checkin vitro anticancer activity of these four inhibitors on human lung cancer cell lines. Material and <br/><b>Methods</b>:In order to assess whether these inhibitors induced in vitro cytoxicity, SRB assay was conducted with THP-1(leukemia), NCIH322 (lung) and Colo205, HCT-116 (colon) lines. <br/><b>Results</b>: LC-pi I significantly inhibited thecell proliferation of all cells tested and also LC-pi II was active in all except HCT-116. Inhibition of cell growthby LC-pi III and IV was negligible. IC50 values of LC-pi I and II for NCIH322, were less compared to othercell lines suggesting that lung cancer cells are more inhibited. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: These investigations might point tofuture preventive as well as curative solutions using plant protease inhibitors for various cancers, especially inthe lung, hence warranting their further investigation.
Proteases,Lavatera cashmeriana,protease inhibitors,anticancer activity
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27893.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27893_d4833d6ed335bc7c02cf01c15bb788b8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Epidemiology of Primary CNS Tumors in Iran: A Systematic Review
3979
3985
EN
<b>Background:</b> Although primary malignant CNS tumors are registered in the national cancer registry (NCR)of Iran, there are no available data on the incidence of the primary malignant or benign CNS tumors and theircommon histopathologies in the country. This study analyzed the 10-year data of the Iranian NCR from March21, 2000 to March 20, 2010, including a systematic review. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The international and nationalscientific databases were searched using the search keywords CNS, tumor, malignancy, brain, spine, neoplasmand Iran. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of the 1,086 primary results, 9 papers were selected and reviewed, along with analysis of10-year NCR data. The results showed that primary malignant brain tumors have an overall incidence of 2.74per 100,000 person-years. The analysis of the papers revealed a benign to malignant ratio of 1.07. The mostcommon histopathologies are meningioma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma and ependymoma. These tumors are morecommon in men (M/F=1.48). Primary malignant spinal cord tumors constitute 7.1% of the primary malignantCNS tumors with incidence of 0.21/100,000. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This study shows that CNS tumors in Iran are incompliance with the pattern of CNS tumors in developing countries. The NCR must include benign lesions tounderstand the definitive epidemiology of primary CNS tumors in Iran.
Benign,malignant,Tumor,CNS,Epidemiology,Incidence,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27894.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27894_86b7cb4beb1058cfa70a915b22ab6927.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
What is a Cancer Cell? Why does it Metastasize?
3987
3989
EN
This is a commentary on what a cancer cell is and why cancer cells metastasize. Normal cell get transformedto a cancer cell, with excessive production of free radicals that mutate the DNA of a normal cell. The immortalityand malignant stage of transformed cell is maintained by higher GSH levels. With the faster rate of proliferation,when the cancer cell finds the place of origin is not conducive to its further growth, cancer cell chooses to takethe metastatic course. We argue that if we can stop the exit of cancer cell from place of origin, cancer spreadcan be stopped or even cured.
Metastasis,epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT),Matrix Metalloproteinases,intravasation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27895.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27895_0d6fcfe2836fe6ba4ec9e2dac7fada5d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
6
2013
06
01
Research Design, Statistical and Inferential Errors: Re: Oral Cancer Awareness of the General Public in Gorakhpur City, India
3991
3992
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27896.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27896_1162319a89bbe37d7338abf3681fcef0.pdf