West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Synergistic Effect of Resveratrol and Radiotherapy in Control of Cancers
6197
6208
EN
Cancers will continue to be a threat to health unless they can be controlled by combinations of treatmentmodalities. In this review, evaluate the role of resveratrol (RSV) as a radiosensitizing agent was evaluated andunderlying mechanisms holistically explored in different cancer models focusing on therapeutic possibilities.The ability of RSV to modify the effect of radiation exposure in normal and cancer cells has indeed been shownquite convincingly, the combination of RSV and IR exhibiting synergistic effects on different cancer cells. Thisis relevant since controlled exposure to IR is one of the most frequently applied treatments in cancer patients.However, radiotherapy (XRT) treatment regimes are very often not effective in clinical practice as observedin patients with glioma, prostate cancer (PCa), melanoma, for example, largely due to tumour radioresistantproperties. Sensitization of IR-induced apoptosis by natural products such as RSV is likely to be relevant incancer control and treatment. However, all cancers do not respond to RSV+IR in a similar manner. Therefore,for those such as the radioresistant PCa or melanoma cells, the RSV+IR regime has to be very carefully chosenin order to achieve effective and desirable outcomes with minimum toxicity to normal cells. They are reportsthat the highest concentration of 100 mM RSV and highest dose of 5 Gy IR are sufficient to kill cells by inductionof apoptosis, indicating that RSV is effective in radiosensitizing otherwise radioresistant cells. In general, it hasbeen shown in different cancer cells that RSV+XRT effectively act by enhancing expression of anti-proliferativeand pro-apoptotic molecules, and inhibiting pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic molecules, leading to inductionof apoptosis through various pathways, and cell death. If RSV+XRT can suppress the signature of cancerstemness, enhance the radiosensitivity by either targeting the mitochondrial functionality or modulating thetumour necrosis factor-mediated or Fas-FasL-mediated pathways of apoptosis in different cancers, particularlyin vivo, its therapeutic use in the control of cancers holds promise in the near future.
radiotherapy,Resveratrol,Radiosensitivity,Apoptosis,tumour
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28168.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28168_9556308d723cf8538ed474850d513330.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Controversies about Radioactive Iodine-131 Remnant Ablation in Low Risk Thyroid Cancers: Are We Near A Consensus?
6209
6213
EN
Well differentiated thyroid cancers (WDTC), including papillary (80%) and follicular (10%) types, are themost common endocrine cancers globally. Over the last few decades most the diagnosed cases have fallen intolow risk categories. Radioactive iodine-131 (RAI) has an established role in reducing recurrence and improvingthe survival in high risk patients. In patients with primary tumor size <1 cm, RAI is not recommended by manythyroid societies. However, low risk WDTC has been an arena of major controversies, most importantly therole and dose of adjuvant RAI for remnant ablation to minimize chances of recurrence and improving survival.This review is an attempt to update readers about the previous and existing practice based on results of nonrandomizedtrials and evolving trends fueled by recently published randomized studies.
Papillary thyroid cancer,follicular thyroid cancer,low dose iodine,remnant ablation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28274.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28274_6dd325ee353575bae9aaf204a94d45cf.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Kisspeptins (KiSS-1): Essential Players in Suppressing Tumor Metastasis
6215
6220
EN
Kisspeptins (KPs) encoded by the KiSS-1 gene are C-terminally amidated peptide products, including KP-10, KP-13, KP-14 and KP-54, which are endogenous agonists for the G-protein coupled receptor-54 (GPR54).Functional analyses have demonstrated fundamental roles of KiSS-1 in whole body homeostasis including sexualdifferentiation of brain, action on sex steroids and metabolic regulation of fertility essential for human pubertyand maintenance of adult reproduction. In addition, intensive recent investigations have provided substantialevidence suggesting roles of Kisspeptin signalling via its receptor GPR54 in the suppression of metastasis witha variety of cancers. The present review highlights the latest studies regarding the role of Kisspeptins and theKiSS-1 gene in tumor progression and also suggests targeting the KiSS-1/GPR54 system may represent a noveltherapeutic approach for cancers. Further investigations are essential to elucidate the complex pathways regulatedby the Kisspeptins and how these pathways might be involved in the suppression of metastasis across a rangeof cancers.
Kisspeptins,GPR54 receptor,KiSS-1 gene,Metastasis,cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28275.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28275_ea51d8678d71c2bb536e2426db95dc8a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Current Progress in the Treatment of Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma
6221
6225
EN
Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is a rare type of breast carcinoma, characterized by various combinationsof mesenchymal, adenocarcinoma and other epithelial components. MBC often manifests as a large mass, withlow axillary lymph node involvement and poor prognosis. Knowledge and treatment patterns about MBCdemographics, presentation and tumor characteristics are very limited. In clinical practice, MBC is usuallytreated based on the guidelines developed for infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). The ideal treatment paradigmfor MBC is unknown due to its low incidence and pathological variability, so potential predictors of treatmentefficacy need to be explored. This review summarizes the current models and strategies for MBC according tothe published literature.
Metaplastic breast cancer,therapy,Systematic review
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28276.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28276_cdf08f0d85b03c49a46017d5238648d0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Viral Hepatitis and Liver Cancer in Korea: an Epidemiological Perspective
6227
6231
EN
In the past, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was endemic in the general Korean population. The associationof HBV infection with the occurrence of liver cancer has been well demonstrated in several epidemiologic studies.While the mortality rates of liver cancer in Korea have decreased steadily over the last decade, the presenceof hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in mothers remains high at 3-4%, and 25.5% of these HBsAg positivemothers are positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). HBV infection caused almost a quarter of hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) cases and one-third of deaths from HCC. These aspects of HBV infection prompted the Koreangovernment to create a vaccination program against HBV in the early 1980s. In 1995, the Communicable DiseasePrevention Act (CDPA) was reformed, and the government increased the number of HBV vaccines in the NationalImmunization Program (NIP), driving the vaccination rate up to 95%. In 2000, the National Health InsuranceAct (NHIA) was enacted, which provided increased resources for the prevention of perinatal HBV infection.Then in 2002, the Korean government, in conjunction with the Korean Medical Association (KMA), launchedan HBV perinatal transmission prevention program. The prevalence of HBsAg in children had been high (4-5%)in the early 1980s, but had dropped to below 1% in 1995, and finally reached 0.2% in 2006 after the NIP hadbeen implemented. After the success of the NIP, Korea finally obtained its first certification of achievement fromthe Western Pacific Regional Office of the World Health Organization (WPRO-WHO) for reaching its goal forHBV control. An age-period-cohort analysis showed a significant reduction in the liver cancer mortality ratein children and adolescents after the NIP had been implemented. In addition to its vaccination efforts, Korealaunched the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) for 5 leading sites of cancer, including the liver, in1999. As a consequence of this program, the 5-year liver cancer survival rate increased from 13.2% (1996-2000)to 23.3% (2003-2008). The development of both the primary and secondary prevention for liver cancer includingHBV immunization and cancer screening has been of critical importance.
Hepatitis B,Vaccination,Screening,Liver cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28277.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28277_9dc50d01a71b986bad10ce92733338e6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Repercussions of Breastfeeding by Diabetic Women for Breast Cancer
6233
6239
EN
Diabetes represents a serious health problem. In the diabetic state, alterations in metabolism, increasedsusceptibility to infections and immunological changes occur. The suppression of the immune response hasbeen identified as a relevant factor that contributes to the increase in the rate of infections in these patients.At the same time, breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in women. The molecular and cellularmechanisms underlying cancer development have revealed that immune cells functionally regulate epithelialcancer development and progression. Breastfeeding has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of breast cancer.However, early systematic reviews have not yielded consistent findings for this association. The demand forhuman milk is increasing due to the promotion and consumer acceptance of the health benefits of consuming anatural product rich in bioactive components. However, due to changes in glucose metabolism, the componentsof the milk from diabetic women are modified depending on the time of evaluation. In this literature review,we summarize important new findings revealing the paradoxical role of breastfeeding in preventing the onsetof breast cancer in diabetic mothers. We hypothesized that the milk component production in diabetic mothersis affected by changes in glucose metabolism. Therefore, adequate maternal glycemic control and an adequateduration of breastfeeding for diabetic mothers are crucial to ensure that the immunity components are able toconfer protection against breast cancer.
Diabetes,breast cancer,Breastfeeding,chronobiology,Immunology
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28278.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28278_1a935db0a409f85306775c0792fe6159.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Clinical Significance of Combined Detection of Serum Tumor Markers in Diagnosis of Patients with Ovarian Cancer
6241
6243
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To explore the predictive value of tumor markers, including cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4), cancerantigen 15-3 (CA15-3) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125), in single or combined detection, for the diagnosis ofovarian cancer. <br/><b>Methods</b>: 120 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer from August 2011 to March 2013 and80 patients diagnosed with benign ovarian tumors were enrolled in this test, along with 50 health examinationwomen randomly selected from the database as controls. Serum levels of CA72-4, CA15-3 and CA125 in this studywere determined by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). <br/><b>Results</b>: Serum levels of CA72-4, CA15-3 and CA125 inovarian cancer were higher than those in healthy group and benign group (P<0.01).The sensitivity of combineddetection of those three tumor markers for diagnosis of ovarian cancer was obviously higher than with singledetection with each marker (P<0.01). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: CA72-4, CA15-3 and CA125 could be a good combination inthe diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Patients whose tumor markers continue to increase should be highly suspectedof malignancy.
Combined detection,Tumor markers,Ovarian Cancer,CA 72-4,CA 15-3,CA 125
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28279.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28279_f7ca22e962402c3c9bb1f62ec8a0a907.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Effects of PTTG Down-regulation on Proliferation and Metastasis of the SCL-1 Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line
6245
6248
EN
Aims: To study effects of down-regulation of pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) on proliferationand metastasis ability of the SCL-1 cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) cell line and explore relatedmechanisms. <br/><b>Methods</b>: SCL-1 cells were divided into 3 groups (untreated, siRNA control and PTTG siRNA). Cellproliferation assays were performed using a CCK-8 kit and proliferation and metastasis ability were analyzedusing Boyden chambers. In addition, expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was detected by r-time qPCR andWestern blotting. <br/><b>Results</b>: Down-regulation of PTTG could markedly inhibit cell proliferation in SCL-1 cells,compared to untreated and control siRNA groups (P < 0.05). Real-time qPCR demonstrated that expressionlevels of PTTG, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the PTTG siRNA group were 0.8%, 23.2% and 21.3% of untreatedlevels. Western blotting revealed that expression of PTTG, MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins in the PTTG siRNAgroup was obviously down-regulated. The numbers of migrating cells (51.38±4.71) in the PTTG siRNA groupwas obviously lower than that in untreated group (131.33±6.12) and the control siRNA group (127.72±5.20) (P< 0.05), suggesting that decrease of proliferation and metastasis ability mediated by PTTG knock-down maybe closely correlated with down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Inhibition of PTTGexpression may be a new target for therapy of CSCC.
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma,pituitary tumor,transforming gene,Proliferation,Metastasis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28280.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28280_c624a26d7e83438c9cc79c2a6f2394d5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Folate-Related Nutrients, Genetic Polymorphisms, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study
6249
6256
EN
One-carbon metabolism plays an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Meta-analyses have suggestedprotective associations of folate and vitamin B6 intakes with colorectal cancer primarily based on studies inCaucasians, and genetic polymorphisms pertaining to the folate metabolism have been a matter of interest.Less investigated are the roles of methionine synthase (MTR) and thymidylate synthetase (TS) polymorphismsin colorectal carcinogenesis. In a study of 816 cases and 815 community controls in Japan, we investigatedassociations of dietary intakes of folate, methionine, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with colorectal cancerrisk. The associations with MTR 2756A>G, MTRR 66A>G, and TSER repeat polymorphism were examined in685 cases and 778 controls. Methionine and vitamin B12 intakes were inversely associated with colorectal cancerrisk, but the associations were totally confounded by dietary calcium and n-3 fatty acids. The other nutrientsshowed no association with the risk even without adjustment for calcium and n-3 fatty acids. The TSER 2R allelewas dose-dependently associated with an increased risk. The MTR and MTRR polymorphisms were unrelatedto colorectal cancer risk. There was no measurable gene-gene or gene-nutrient interaction, but increased riskassociated with the TSER 2R allele seemed to be confined to individuals with high folate status. This study doesnot support protective associations for folate and vitamin B6. The TSER 2R allele may confer an increased riskof colorectal cancer. The role of the TSER polymorphism in colorectal carcinogenesis may differ by ethnicity.
colorectal cancer,methionine synthase,thymidylate synthase,B-vitamins,Case-control study
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28281.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28281_f1ceec83cb026da5d08769fb87bab932.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Determination of Chemical Composition of Gallbladder Stones and their Association with Induction of Cholangiocarcinoma
6257
6260
EN
Gallstone disease is a major surgical problem in many populations; it is probably related to diet, especiallyexcessive consumption of meat. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition ofgallstones and their association with neoplastic changes including cholangiocarcinomas in cholecystectomisedpatients. The chemical composition of gallstones from 40 patients (8 males and 32 females) was analyzed. Thisis a prospective study performed in Baquba teaching hospital in the period from 1/10/2012 to 1/1/2013 in whichwe collected the gallstones for the patients who underwent cholecystectomy, whether open or laparoscopic. Thestones were classified according to their chemical composition as a mixed stones (MS), and examined using astone analysis set (chemical qualitative method) for calcium, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid and oxalate whichwas used reagent for qualitative determination of main individual components of stones. The results of this studyshowed the highest incidence of gallstones in the age group 40-49 was 13 cases followed by 11, 8 and 4 cases forage groups 30-39, 50-59, 20-29 and 60 and above, respectively. The chemical analysis showed the majority ofgallstones were mixed, 38 containing calcium followed by 37 cases with uric acid, 28 with magnesium, and 25 and22 stones with oxalate and phosphate, respectively. Microscopically, we confirmed neoplastic changes (17.5%)as cholangiocarcinomas (CCCs) (7.55%) and dysplastic cells of carcinoma in situ in 4 (10%), 31 (77.5%) caseswere chronic cholecystitis and 2 (5%) cases were acute cholecystitis with empyema out of bile duct disorderspatients. In conclusion, majority of cases had mixed gallstones that involved five and four of inorganic chemicalsof calcium, magnesium and phosphate, the highest incidence of gallstones in age group 40-49 years old was 13cases, and neoplastic changes were confirmed (17.5%) including CCCs, (7.5%) and dysplastic cells of carcinomain situ (10%), while 31 (77.5%) cases were chronic cholecystitis.
Chemical analysis,gallstones,Calcium,Magnesium,phosphate,Uric Acid,Oxalate
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28282.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28282_181844d73ce68821011beaba7d826615.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Hypermethylation and Clinicopathological Significance of RASAL1 Gene in Gastric Cancer
6261
6265
EN
<b>Background:</b> Recent studies have suggested that expression of the RAS protein activator like-1 gene (RASAL1)is decreased in gastric carcinoma tissues and cell lines, indicated a role in tumorigenesis and development ofgastric cancer. Reduced expression of RASAL1 could result in aberrant increase of activity of RAS signalingpathways in cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism which induces down-regulation of the RASAL1 generemains unclear. This study aimed to determine the methylation status and regulation of RASAL1 in gastric cancer.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Using the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), the methylation statusof CpG islands in the RASAL1 promoter in gastric cancers and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 40patients was assessed and its clinicopathological significance was analyzed. The methylation status of RASAL1 ingastric cancer lines MKN-28, SGC-790l, BGC-823, as well as in normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-l was alsodetermined after treatment with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2’-doexycytidine (5-Aza-CdR). RASactivity (GAS-GTP) was assessed through a pull-down method, while protein levels of ERK1/2, a downstreammolecule of RAS signaling pathways, were determined by Western blotting. <br/><b>Results</b>: The frequencies of RASAL1promoter methylation in gastric cancer and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues were 70% (28/40) and 30%(12/40) respectively (P<0.05). There were significantly correlations between RASAL1 promoter methylation withtumor differentiation, tumor size, invasive depth and lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer(all P<0.05), but no correlation was found for age or gender. Promoter hypermethylation of the RASAL1 genewas detected in MKN-28, SGC-790l and BGC-823 cancer cells, but not in the normal gastric epithelial cell lineGES-1. Elevated expression of the RASAL1 protein, a decreased RAS-GTP and p-ERK1/2 protein were detectedin three gastric cancer cell lines after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Aberrant hypermethylation ofthe RASAL1 gene promoter frequently occurs in gastric cancer tissues and cells. In addition, the demethylatingagent 5-Aza-CdR can reverse the hypermethylation of RASAL1 gene and up-regulate the expression of RASAL1significantly in gastric cancer cells in vivo. Our study suggests that RASAL1 promoter methylation may have acertain relationship with the reduced RASAL1 expression in gastric cancer.
Gastric cancer,RASAL1,methylation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28283.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28283_bfb0f14bfb4750c7fadefb48c7a95e50.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Clinical Observation and Prognostic Analysis of Pemetrexed plus Platinum as First-line Treatment in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
6267
6271
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To determine clinical efficacy, safety and prognostic factors of pemetrexed plus platinum as firstlinetreatment in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Clinicalcharacteristics, short-term efficacy, survival and adverse reactions of 47 advanced non-squamous NSCLCpatients who had received pemetrexed plus platinum as first-line treatment in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospitalfrom January 2009 to June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The Chi-squared test was applied to statisticallyanalyze the overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and toxicity reactions in both groups, whilesurvival data wereanalyzed by Kaplan-Meier and logrank methods, and the COX proportional hazards modelwas adopted for a series of multi-factor analyses. <br/><b>Results</b>: Only two patients were lost to follow-up. The ORR,DCR, medium progression-free survival time (PFS) and medium overall survival (OS) were 31.9%, 74.5%, 5months and 15.2 months, while 1- and 2-year survival rates were 63.8% (30/47) and 19.2% (9/47), respectively.Single-factor analysis showed that tumor pathological patterns and efficacy were in association with mediumPFS (P<0.05), whereas tumor pathological patterns, smoking history and efficacy were closely connectedwith medium OS (P<0.05). Multi-factor analyses demonstrated that pathological patterns and efficacy wereindependent factors influencing OS (P<0.05). The rate of toxicity reactions in degree Ⅲ/Ⅳ was low, includinghematologic toxicity marked by decline in white blood cell count and decrease in the platelet count (PLT), andnon-hematologic toxicity manifested by gastrointestinal reactions, such as nausea and vomiting. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Pemetrexed plus platinum as first-line treatment has excellent efficacy and slight adverse reactions with favorabledrug-tolerance in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC.
Tumor,non-small cell lung cancer,Chemotherapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28284.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28284_3b7647219acabbf93cc278a71e5d5d9d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Induction of Caspase-9, Biochemical Assessment and Morphological Changes Caused by Apoptosis in Cancer Cells Treated with Goniothalamin Extracted from Goniothalamus macrophyllus
6273
6280
EN
Goniothalamin, a natural compound extracted from Goniothalamus sp. belonging to the Annonacae family,possesses anticancer properties towards several tumor cell lines. This study focused on apoptosis induction bygoniothalamin (GTN) in the Hela cervical cancer cell line. Cell growth inhibition was measured by MTT assay andthe IC50 value of goniothalamin was 3.2±0.72 μg/ml. Morphological changes and biochemical processes associatedwith apoptosis were evident on phase contrast microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. DNA fragmentation,DNA damage, caspase-9 activation and a large increase in the sub-G1 and S cell cycle phases confirmed theoccurrence of apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. It could be concluded that goniothalamin show a promisingcytotoxicity effect against cervical cancer cells (Hela) and the cell death mode induced by goniothalamin wasapoptosis.
Goniothalamin,HeLa cervical cancer cell line,fluorescence microscopy,DNA Fragmentation,DNA damage
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28285.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28285_42c9357cefa18b213f5d0106a3f480a5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Screening of Differentially Expressed Genes among Various TNM Stages of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Genomewide Gene Expression Profile Analysis
6281
6286
EN
<b>Background:</b> To further investigate the molecular basis of lung cancer development, we utilize a microarrayto identify differentially expressed genes associated with various TNM stages of adenocarcinoma, a subtype withincreasing incidence in recent years in China. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A 35K oligo gene array, covering about 25,100 genes,was used to screen differentially expressed genes among 90 tumor samples of lung adenocarcinoma in variousTNM stages. To verify the gene array data, three genes (Zimp7, GINS2 and NAG-1) were confirmed by real-timeRT-PCR in a different set of samples from the gene array. <br/><b>Results</b>: First, we obtained 640 differentially expressedgenes in lung adenocarcinomas compared to the surrounding normal lung tissues. Then, from the 640 candidateswe identified 10 differentially expressed genes among different TNM stages (Stage I, II and IIIA), of which Zimp7,GINS2 and NAG-1 genes were first reported to be present at a high level in lung adenocarcinoma. The resultsof qRT-PCR for the three genes were consistent with those from the gene array. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: We identified 10candidate genes associated with different TNM stages in lung adenocarcinoma in the Chinese population, whichshould provide new insights into the molecular basis underlying the development of lung adenocarcinoma andmay offer new targets for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis prediction.
Lung Adenocarcinoma,TNM stage,gene expression profile,differential gene expression
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28286.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28286_255b7b5281d6a79793b6ba6438deb12a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Prognostic Factors for Lymph Node Negative Stage I and IIA Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Multicenter Experiences
6287
6292
EN
<b>Background:</b> Surgery is the only curative treatment for operable non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) and theimportance of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IB patients is unclear. Herein, we evaluated prognostic factorsfor survival and factors related with adjuvant treatment decisions for stage I and IIA NSCLC patients withoutlymph node metastasis. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We retrospectively analyzed 302 patients who had undergonecurative surgery for prognostic factors regarding survival and clinicopathological factors related to adjuvantchemotherapy. <br/><b>Results</b>: Nearly 90% of the patients underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy with mediastinallymph node resection. For the others, wedge resection were performed. The patients were diagnosed as stageIA in 35%, IB in 49% and IIA in 17%. Histopathological type (p=0.02), tumor diameter (p=0.01) and stage(p<0.001) were found to be related to adjuvant chemotherapy decisions, while operation type, lypmhovascularinvasion (LVI), grade and the presence of recurrence were important factors in predicting overall survival (OS),and operation type, tumor size greater than 4 cm, T stage, LVI, and visceral pleural invasion were related withdisease free survival (DFS). Multivariate analysis showed operation type (p<0.001, hazard ratio (HR):1.91) andthe presence of recurrence (p<0.001, HR:0.007) were independent prognostic factors for OS, as well visceralpleural invasion (p=0.01, HR:0.57) and LVI (p=0.004, HR:0.57) for DFS. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Although adjuvantchemotherapy is standard for early stage lymph node positive NSCLC, it has less clear importance in stage Iand IIA patients without lymph node metastasis.
non-small cell lung cancer,lymph node negative,Adjuvant chemotherapy,Prognosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28287.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28287_b811dbc5d26923e3a17bedbb5af758ec.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Pre-operative Predictive Factors for Intra-operative Pathological Lymph Node Metastasis in Rectal Cancers
6293
6299
EN
<b>Background:</b> A number of clinicopathologic factors have been found to be associated with pathologicallymph node metastasis (pLNM) in rectal cancer; however, most of them can only be identified by expensivehigh resolution imaging or obtained after surgical treatment. Just like the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and themodel for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores which have been widely used in clinical practice, our study wasdesigned to assess the pre-operative factors which could be obtained easily to predict intra-operative pLNM inrectal cancer. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A cohort of 469 patients who were treated at our hospital in the period from January2003 to June 2011, and with a pathologically hospital discharge diagnosis of rectal cancer, were included. Clinical,laboratory and pathologic parameters were analyzed. A multivariate unconditional logistic regression model,areas under the curve (AUC), the Kaplan-Meier method (log-rank test) and the Cox regression model were used.<br/><b>Results</b>: Of the 469 patients, 231 were diagnosed with pLNM (49.3%). Four variables were associated with pLNMby multivariate logistic analysis, age<60 yr (OR=1.819; 95% CI, 1.231-2.687; P=0.003), presence of abdominalpain or discomfort (OR=1.637; 95% CI, 1.052-2.547; P=0.029), absence of allergic history (OR=1.879; 95%CI, 1.041-3.392; P=0.036), and direct bilirubin≥2.60 μmol/L (OR=1.540; 95% CI, 1.054-2.250; P=0.026). Thecombination of all 4 variables had the highest sensitivity (98.7%) for diagnostic performance. In addition, age<60yr and direct bilirubin≥2.60 μmol/L were found to be associated with prognosis. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Age, abdominalpain or discomfort, allergic history and direct bilirubin were associated with pLNM, which may be helpful forpreoperative selection.
rectal cancer,Lymph node metastasis,predictive factors,allergic history,direct bilirubin
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28288.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28288_58fa0b1b67669814c712d3a3115a14cf.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Does Sunlight Exposure Improve Survival in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer?
6301
6304
EN
<b>Background:</b> Some epidemiological studies reported that sunlight exposure and highvitamin D levels maydecrease the morbidity and mortality related to cancer. We aimed to evaluate whether sunlight exposure has animpact on survival in patients with non small cell lung cancer. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 546 patientswith NSCLC from two different regions (Kayseri and Adana) differing according to sunlight exposure wereanalysed retrospectively. <br/><b>Results</b>: The median overall survival (OS) rates were 11. 6 (CI: 9.50-13.6) and 15.6months (CI: 12.4-18.8) for Kayseri and Adana, respectively, in all patients (p=0.880). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: There wereno differences between groups in terms of OS. While there is strong evidence regarding inverse relationshipbetween cancer incidence and sunlight exposure, it is still controversial whether sunlight exposure is a goodprognostic factor for survival in patients with lung cancer.
Lung cancer,Sunlight,survival,season
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28289.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28289_adb594675f9735a2d3bb806942b0e565.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
TIAM2 Enhances Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Invasion and Motility
6305
6309
EN
<b>Background:</b> TIAM2, a Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is closely associated with cell adherenceand migration. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of TIAM2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A small interference RNA (siRNA) was introduced to silence the expression of TIAM2.Invasion and motility assays were then performed to assess the invasion and motility potential of NSCLC cells.GST-pull down assays were used to detect activation of Rac1. <br/><b>Results</b>: TIAM2 was highly expressed in NSCLCcells. Knockdown of TIAM2 inhibited the invasion and motility, and suppressed activation of Rac1. Furtherexperiments demonstrated that knockdown of TIAM2 could up-regulate the expression of E-cadherin, and downregulatethe expression of MMP-3, Twist and Snail. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our data suggest that TIAM2 can promoteinvasion and motility of NSCLC cells. Activation of Rac1 and regulation of some EMT/invasion-related genesmay be involved in the underlying processes.
TIAM2,Invasion,motility,non-small cell lung cancer,EMT,Rac1,MMP-3
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28290.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28290_c8305597f9c87f054792e6a6bb1c1139.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Reduced Port Surgery for Prostate Cancer is Feasible: Comparative Study of 2-port Laparoendoscopic and Conventional 5-port Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy
6311
6314
EN
<b>Background:</b> While 5-port laparoendoscopic radical prostatectomy is standard practice, efforts have beenfocused in developing a single port surgery for cosmetic reasons. However, this is still in the pioneering stageconsidering the challenging nature of the surgical procedures. We have therefore focused on reduced port surgery,using only 2-ports. In this study, we compared 2-port laparoendoscopic radical prostatectomy (2-port RP) andconventional 5-port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) for clinically localized prostate carcinoma andevaluated the potential advantages of each. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: From January 2010 to December 2010, all 23patients with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent LRP. Starting November, 2010, when we introducedthe reduced port approach, we performed this procedure for 22 consecutive patients diagnosed with early-stageprostate cancer (cT1c, cT2N0). The patients were matched 1:1 to 2-port RP or LRP for age, preoperative serumPSA level, clinical stage, biopsy and pathological Gleason grade, surgical margin status, pad-free rates andpost-operative pain. <br/><b>Results</b>: There was a significant difference in operative time between the 2-port RP andLRP groups (286.5±63.3 and 351.8±72.4 min: p=0.0019, without any variation in blood loss (including urine)(945.1±479.6 vs 1271.1±871.8ml: p=0.13). The Foley catheter indwelling period was shorter in the 2 port RPgroup, but without significance (5.6±1.8 vs 8.0±5.6 days: p=0.057) and the total perioperative complication ratesfor 2 port RP and LRP were comparable at 4.5% and 8.7% (p=0.58). There was an improvement in pad-freerates up to 6 months follow-up (p=0.090), and significantly improvement at 1 year (p=0.040). PSA recurrence was1 (4.5%) in 2-port RP and 2 (8.7%) in LRP. Continuous epidural anesthesia was used in most of LRP patients(95.7%) and in early 2-port RP patients (40.9%). In these patients, average total amount of Diclofenac sodiumwas 27.8mg/patient in 2-port RP and 50.0mg/patient in LRP. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Thus the reduced port approach isas efficacious as LRP in terms of many outcome measures, with significant cosmetic advantages and reductionin post surgical pain. This method can be readily performed safely and therefore can be recommended as astandard laparoscopic surgery for prostate cancer in the future.
Laparoendoscopic radical prostatectomy,reduced port surgery,Feasibility
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28291.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28291_b5ce87503a8c90bc26fa9bcadb672e9d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Expression of the Pokemon Proto-oncogene in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Lines and Tissues
6315
6319
EN
To study the differentiated expression of the proto-oncogene Pokemon in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)cell lines and tissues, mRNA and protein expression levels of CNE1, CNE2, CNE3 and C666-1 were detectedseparately by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR and Western-blotting.The immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP69 was used as a control. The Pokemon protein expressionlevel in biopsy specimens from chronic rhinitis patients and undifferentiated non keratinizing NPC patientswas determined by Western-blotting and arranged from high to low: C666-1>CNE1>CNE2> CNE3>NP69. ThePokemon mRNA expression level was also arranged from high to low: CNE1>CNE2>NP69>C666-1>CNE3.Pokemon expression of NP69 and C666-1 obviously varied from mRNA to protein. The Pokemon protein levelof NPC biopsy specimens was obviously higher than in chronic rhinitis. The data suggest that high Pokemonprotein expression is closely associated with undifferentiated non-keratinizing NPC and may provide usefulinformation for NPC molecular target therapy.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),proto-oncogene,Pokemon,Expression,Cell lines,tissues
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28292.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28292_bd7a8744b26c581f8c58660e4a05e140.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
FBW7 Upregulation Enhances Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Cells
6321
6326
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: Lung cancer is extremely harmful to human health and has one of the highest worldwideincidences of all malignant tumors. Approximately 80% of lung cancers are classified as non-small cell lungcancers (NSCLCs). Cisplatin-based multidrug chemotherapy regimen is standard for such lesions, but drugresistance is an increasing problem. F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBW7) is a member of the F-boxprotein family that regulates cell cycle progression, and cell growth and differentiation. FBW7 also functions as atumor suppressor. <br/><b>Methods</b>: We used cell viability assays, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence combinedwith siRNA interference or plasmid transfection to investigate the underlying mechanism of cisplatin resistancein NSCLC cells. <br/><b>Results</b>: We found that FBW7 upregulation significantly increased cisplatin chemosensitivity andthat cells expressing low levels of FBW7, such as NCI-H1299 cells, have a mesenchymal phenotype. Furthermore,siRNA-mediated silencing or plasmid-mediated upregulation of FBW7 resulted in altered epithelial-mesenchymaltransition (EMT) patterns in NSCLC cells. These data support a role for FBW7 in regulating the EMT in NSCLCcells. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: FBW7 is a potential drug target for combating drug resistance and regulating the EMT inNSCLC cells.
FBW7,NSCLC cells,Cisplatin,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,Drug resistance
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28293.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28293_2dcb2eca1d3d864e61095d41edc44ecb.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Stratifying Patients with Haematuria into High or Low Risk Groups for Bladder Cancer: a Novel Clinical Scoring System
6327
6330
EN
Haematuria is a common presentation of bladder cancer and requires a full urologic evaluation. This studyaimed to develop a scoring system capable of stratifying patients with haematuria into high or low risk groupsfor having bladder cancer to help clinicians decide which patients need more urgent assessment. This crosssectionalstudy included all adult patients referred for haematuria and subsequently undergoing full urologicalevaluation in the years 2001 to 2011. Risk factors with strong association with bladder cancer in the studypopulation were used to design the scoring system. Accuracy was determined by the area under the receiveroperating characteristic (ROC) curve. A total of 325 patients with haematuria were included, out of which 70(21.5%) were diagnosed to have bladder cancer. Significant risk factors associated with bladder cancer were malegender, a history of cigarette smoking and the presence of gross haematuria. A scoring system using 4 clinicalparameters as variables was created. The scores ranged between 6 to 14, and a score of 10 and above indicatedhigh risk for having bladder cancer. It was found to have good accuracy with an area under the ROC curve of80.4%, while the sensitivity and specificity were 90.0% and 55.7%, respectively. The scoring system designedin this study has the potential to help clinicians stratify patients who present with haematuria into high or lowr isk for having bladder cancer. This will enable high-risk patients to undergo urologic assessment earlier.
Haematuria,bladder cancer,scoring system,risk stratification,nomogram
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28294.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28294_982ed11b8fab03fd7316af29f0bcb679.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Quantitative Analysis of Thyroid Blood Flow and Static Imaging in the Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules
6331
6335
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>:To evaluate the performance of combined quantitative analysis of thyroid blood flow and staticimaging data in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. <br/><b>Method</b>: Thyroid blood flow and static imagingwere performed in 165 patients with thyroid nodules. Patients were divided into a benign thyroid nodule group(BTN, n=135) and a malignant thyroid nodule group (MTN, n=30) based on the results of post-surgical pathologicexamination. Carotid artery thyroid transit times (CTTT), perfusion ratio of thyroid nodule blood/thyroidblood (TNB/TB), and perfusion ratio of thyroid nodule blood/carotid artery blood (TNB/CAB) were measuredusing thyroid blood flow imaging. The ratios between thyroid nodule and ipsilateral submandibular gland (TN/SG) and thyroid nodule and normal thyroid tissue (TN/T) were measured from thyroid static imaging. Thedifferences between the BTN and MTN groups were compared. <br/><b>Results</b>: 1) CTTT was markedly lower in theMTN group than the BTN group, the difference being statistically significant. 2) TNB/TB and TNB/CAB wereboth significantly higher in MTN than BTN groups. 3) TN/T was significantly lower in MTN group than BTNgroup. 4) TN/SG was lower in MTN group than BTN group, but the difference was not statistically significant.5) Using the combination of CTTT and TN/T, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 93.1%, 95.3% and94.9% respectively for the diagnosis of MTN. Using the combination of CTTT, TNB/TB and TN/T, the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy changed to 89.7%, 100%, and 98.1% respectively. 6) Correlation analysis demonstrateda significant correlation between TN/T and TNB/TB (r=-0.384, P=0.036) and TNB/CAB (r=-0.466, P=0.009) in theMTN group. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: The combination of quantitative markers from thyroid blood flow and thyroid staticimaging had high specificity and accuracy in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules,thus providing an important imaging diagnostic approach.
Thyroid nodules,Differential diagnosis,thyroid imaging,quantitative analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28295.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28295_0bfdef6cb6ec786282dc5e22ceb14125.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Magnetic Resonance Image Manifestations of the Atypical Meningioma
6337
6340
EN
Through retrospective analysis of 13 cases of magnetic resonance image (MRI) manifestations of atypicalmeningiomas confirmed by operation and pathology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang MedicalUniversity, the objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of MRI in order to improve the accuracyrate of preoperative diagnosis. In this retrospective analysis of MRI findings for atypical meningiomas in FirstAffiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from January to July in 2012, the location, morphologyand tumor signals and other tumor imaging characteristics were covered. In 13 cases of atypical meningiomapatients of this group, most tumors were located at typical sites (10/13), mainly the falx cerebri, parasagittal,convexity, saddle area. Only two cases were at atypical locations, 1 in the cerebellar hemisphere and 1 in a lateralventricle. Most of the tumors showed T1 and T2 isointensity signals, and necrosis, calcification, and peritumoraledema were always featured. DWI showed isointensity in 11 cases (11/13), and hyperintensity in 2. Some 9 caseshad dural tail signs, 12 had accurate positioning (12/13), and 2 were postoperative recurrences. MRI has highvalue in the diagnosis of atypical meningiomas, with important roles in early clinical diagnosis, treatment andprognosis evaluation.
Atypical meningioma,Magnetic resonance imaging,Pathology,clinical features
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28296.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28296_4f9edc9091a6e8ec7ab7c9746107a198.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Expression of Glypican-3 in Mouse Embryo Stem Cells and its Derived Hepatic Lineage Cells Treated with Diethylnitrosamine in vitro
6341
6345
EN
To clarify the role of stem cells in hepatocarcinogenesis, glypican-3 (GPC-3) and E-cadherin expression wasinvestigated in embryonic cell lineages. Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) andhepatocyte like cells (HCs), representing 0, 22 and 40 days of differentiation, respectively, were treated in vitro withdiethylnitrosamine (DEN) at four doses (0, 1, 5 and 15 mM; G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively) for 24 h and GPC-3 and E-cadherin expression was examined by relative quantitative real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry.GPC-3 mRNA expression was significantly different for G4 at day 0 (p<0.001) and for G4 at day 22 (p<0.01)compared with the control (G1). E-cadherin mRNA expression was significantly different for G3 and G4 atday 0 (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively), for G2 and G4 (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) at day 22 and forG2 and G4 (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) at day 40 compared with G1. Immunofluorescence staining forGPC-3 showed a membranous and/or granular expression in cytoplasm of ESCs and HPCs and granular and/ordiffuse expression in cytoplasm of HCs, which were also stained by E-cadherin. DEN treatment increased GPC-3 expression in ESCs, HPCs and HCs, with increase of E-cadherin expression. Taken together, the expressionof GPC-3 was altered by DEN treatment. However, its expression pattern was different at the stage of embryostem cells and its derived hepatic lineage cells. This suggests that GPC-3 expression may be modulated in theprogeny of stem cells during their differentiation toward hepatocytes, associated with E-cadherin expression.
Mouse embryonic stem cell,hepatic lineage cells,hepatocarcinogenesis,Glypican-3,diethylnitrosamine
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28297.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28297_3e5c6ae058bd5e13fd80ac1498d6f096.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Partial Least Squares Based Gene Expression Analysis in EBVPositive and EBV-Negative Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders
6347
6350
EN
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a common complication of therapeuticimmunosuppression after organ transplantation. Gene expression profile facilitates the identification of biologicaldifference between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive and negative PTLDs. Previous studies mainly implementedvariance/regression analysis without considering unaccounted array specific factors. The aim of this study isto investigate the gene expression difference between EBV positive and negative PTLDs through partial leastsquares (PLS) based analysis. With a microarray data set from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, weperformed PLS based analysis. We acquired 1188 differentially expressed genes. Pathway and Gene Ontologyenrichment analysis identified significantly over-representation of dysregulated genes in immune response andcancer related biological processes. Network analysis identified three hub genes with degrees higher than 15,including CREBBP, ATXN1, and PML. Proteins encoded by CREBBP and PML have been reported to be interactwith EBV before. Our findings shed light on expression distinction of EBV positive and negative PTLDs withthe hope to offer theoretical support for future therapeutic study.
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder,Epstein-Barr Virus,Partial Least Squares
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28298.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28298_7af2f624ca2ab94095ceaf4e076cc2cd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
The Kampo Medicine Goshajinkigan Prevents Neuropathy in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Docetaxel
6351
6356
EN
<b>Background:</b> Goshajinkigan (GJG) is used for the treatment of several neurological symptoms. We investigatedthe efficacy of GJG and mecobalamin (B12) against neurotoxicity associated with docetaxel (DOC) in breastcancer patients. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Sixty breast cancer patients were treated with DOC. Thirty-threepatients (GJG group) received oral administration of 7.5 g/day GJG and 27 patients (B12 group) received oraladministration of 1500 μg/day B12. Neuropathy was evaluated according to DEB-NTC (Neurotoxicity Criteriaof Debiopharm), Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTC) ver. 3.0, and a visual analoguescale (VAS). This study employed a randomized open design. <br/><b>Results</b>: The incidence of neuropathy was 39.3%in the GJG group, and 88.9% in the B12 group (p<0.01). In the GJG group, grade 1 DEB-NTC was observedin 2 cases, grade 2 in 5 cases and grade 3 in 5 cases. Grade 1 NCI-CTC was observed in 7 cases, grade 2 in 6cases, and VAS was 2.7±2.2. In the B12 group, grades 1, 2 and 3 DEB-NTC were observed in one case, 12 casesand 12 cases, respectively; and grades 1, 2 and 3 NCI-CTC were observed in 11 cases, 12 cases and one case,and VAS was 4.9±2.4. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Concomitant administration of GJG is useful in preventing neuropathy inbreast cancer patients treated with a DOC regimen.
breast cancer,goshajinkigan,Docetaxel,peripheral neuropathy,mecobalamin
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28299.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28299_6b734cf2cede7bc2e0bd61f073eb081c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
The MTHFR C677T Polymorphism and Risk of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: an Updated Meta-analysis Based on 37 Case-control Studies
6357
6362
EN
<b>Background:</b> The C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has beenassociated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, results were conflicting. The aim of this studywas to quantitatively summarize the evidence for the MTHFRC677T polymorphism and ALL risk. <br/><b>Methods</b>:Electronic searches of PubMed and the Chinese Biomedicine database were conducted to select case-control studiescontaining available genotype frequencies of C677T and the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)was used to assess the strength of any association. <br/><b>Results</b>: Case-control studies including 6,371 cases and 10,850controls were identified. The meta-analysis stratified by ethnicity showed that individuals with the homozygousTT genotype had decreased risk of ALL (OR= 0.776, 95% CI: 0.687~0.877, p< 0.001) in Caucasians (OR= 0.715,95% CI: 0.655~0.781, p= 0.000). However, results among Asians (OR=0.711, 95% CI: 0.591~1.005, p= 0.055)and others (OR=0.913, 95% CI: 0.656~1.271, p= 0. 590) did not suggest an association. A symmetric funnelplot, the Egger’s test (P=0.093), and the Begg- test (P=0.072) were all suggestive of the lack of publication bias.<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: This meta-analysis supports the idea that the MTHFR C677T genotype is associated with risk of ALLin Caucasians. To draw comprehensive and true conclusions, further prospective studies with larger numbersof participants worldwide are needed to examine associations between the MTHFRC677T polymorphism andALL.
MTHFR C677T,Meta-analysis,Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia,risk factor
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28300.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28300_113ae67cfa550da2c23a4ce79e6643c7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Anti-proliferative Effects of Atractylis lancea (Thunb.) DC. via Down-regulation of the c-myc/hTERT/Telomerase Pathway in Hep-G2 Cells
6363
6367
EN
Atractylis lancea (Thunb.) DC. (AL), an important medicinal herb in Asia, has been shown to have anti-tumoreffects on cancer cells, but the involved mechanisms are poorly understood. This study focused on potentialeffects and molecular mechanisms of AL on the proliferation of the Hep-G2 liver cancer cell line in vitro. Cellviability was assessed by MTT test in Hep-G2 cells incubated with an ethanol extract of AL. Then, the effects ofAL on apoptosis and cell cycle progression were determined by flow cytometry. Telomeric repeat amplificationprotocol (TRAP) assays was performed to investigate telomerase activity. The mRNA and protein expressionof human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and c-myc were determined by real-time RT-PCR andWestern blotting. Our results show that AL effectively inhibits proliferation in Hep-G2 cells in a concentrationandtime-dependent manner. When Hep-G2 cells were treated with AL after 48h,the IC50 was about 72.1 μg/mL. Apoptosis was induced by AL via arresting the cells in the G1 phase. Furthermore, AL effectively reducedtelomerase activity through inhibition of mRNA and protein expression of hTERT and c-myc. Hence, these datademonstrate that AL exerts anti-proliferative effects in Hep-G2 cells via down-regulation of the c-myc/hTERT/telomerase pathway.
Atractylis lancea (Thunb.) DC,Liver cancer,telomerase activity,hTERT,c-Myc
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28301.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28301_756ea1ffc3e35bf418857296b705f13e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Survival Analysis of Patients with Gastric Cancer Undergoing Surgery at the Iran Cancer Institute: A Method Based on Multi-State Models
6369
6373
EN
<b>Background:</b> Gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths all over the world and themost important reason for its high rate of death is its belated diagnosis at advanced stages of the disease. Eventsoccur in patients which are regarded not only as themselves factors affecting patients’ survival but also whichcan be affected by other factors. This study was designed and implemented aiming to identify these events andto investigate factors affecting their occurrence. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Data from 330 patients with gastriccancer undergoing surgery at the Iran Cancer Institute from 1995-1999 were analyzed. The survival time ofthese patients was determined after surgery and the effects of various factors including demographic, diagnosticand clinical as well as medical, and post-surgical varuiables on the occurrence of death hazard without relapse,hazard of relapse, and death hazard with a relapse were assessed. <br/><b>Results</b>: The median survival time for thesepatients was 16.3 months and the 5-year survival rate was 21.6%. Based on the results of multi-state model,age and distant metastases affected relapse whereas disease stage, type and extent of surgery, lymph nodesmetastases, and number of renewed treatments affected death hazard without relapse. Moreover, age, typeand extent of surgery, number of renewed treatments, and liver metastases were identified as factors affectingdeath hazard in patients with relapse. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Most cancer studies pay heed to factors which have effecton death occurrence, but some events occur which should be taken into consideration to better describe thenatural process of the disease and provide researchers with more accurate data.
Gastric cancer,intermediate event,multi-state model,proportional hazards model,survival rate
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28302.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28302_c510de4472d0701d897cdead81d3309b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
GSTP1 Gene Ile105Val Polymorphism Causes an Elevated Risk for Bladder Carcinogenesis in Smokers
6375
6378
EN
<b>Background:</b> The glutathione S transferase (GST) family of enzymes plays a vital role in the phase IIbiotransformation of environmental carcinogens, pollutants, drugs and other xenobiotics. GSTs are polymorphicand polymorphisms in GST genes have been associated with cancer susceptibility and prognosis. GSTP1 isassociated with risk of various cancers including bladder cancer. A case control study was conducted to determinethe genotype distribution of GSTP1 A>G SNP, to elucidate the possible role of this SNP as a risk factor in urinarybladder cancer (UBC) development and to examine its correlation with clinico-pathologic variables inUBC cases.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP)approach, we tested the genotype distribution of 180 bladder cancer patients in comparison with 210cancer-free controls from the same geographical region with matched frequency in age and gender. <br/><b>Results</b>: Wedid not observe significant genotype differences between the control and bladder cancer patients overall with anodds ratio (OR)=1.23 (p>0.05). The rare allele (AG+GG) was found to be present more in cases (28.3%) than incontrols (24%), though the association was not significant (p<0.05). However, a significant risk of more than 2-foldwas found for the variant allele (AG+GG) with smokers in cases as compared to controls (p>0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Thus, it is evident from our study that GSTP1 SNP is not implicated overall in bladder cancer, but that the rare,valine-related allele is connected with higher susceptibility to bladder cancer in smokers and also males.
GST genes,SNP,Polymorphic,bladder cancer,Prognosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28303.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28303_14b07586f065b46638285284fcb4b4b5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
S-benzyl-cysteine-mediated Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Involving Activation of Mitochondrial-dependent Caspase Cascade through the p53 Pathway in Human Gastric Cancer SGC-7901 Cells
6379
6384
EN
S-benzyl-cysteine (SBC) is a structural analog of S-allylcysteine (SAC), which is one of the major watersolublecompounds in aged garlic extract. In this study, anticancer activities and the underlying mechanismsof SBC action were investigated and compared these with those of SAC using human gastric cancer SGC-7901cells. SBC significantly suppressed the survival rate of SGC-7901 cells in a concentration- and time-dependentmanner, and the inhibitory activities of SBC were stronger than those of SAC. Flow cytometry revealed that SBCinduced G2-phase arrest and apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells. Typical apoptotic morphological changes were observedby Hoechst 33258 dye assay. SBC-treatment dramatically induced the dissipation of mitochondrial membranepotential (ΔΨm), and enhanced the enzymatic activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 whilst hardly affectingcaspase-8 activity. Furthermore, Western blotting indicated that SBC-induced apoptosis was accompanied byup-regulation of the expression of p53, Bax and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. Taken together, this study suggestedthat SBC exerts cytotoxic activity involving activation of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through p53 andBax/Bcl-2 pathways in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells.
Aged garlic extract,apoptosis-cell cycle,SGC-7901 cell,p53 signalling pathway
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28304.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28304_dacb22b4923ffd149c1de9873630b805.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Use of Smokeless Tobacco among Male Students of Zahedan Universities in Iran: a Cross Sectional Study
6385
6388
EN
<b>Background:</b> Smokeless tobacco consumption is one of the causes of oral cancer. The aim of this study wasto determine the prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption among male students of Zahedan universitiesand associated factors in 2012. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In this cross-sectional study, 431 students were selectedfrom the universities of Zahedan using multi-stage random cluster sampling. The data collection tool was aquestionnaire including questions about demographic information, history of smokeless tobacco consumption, andawareness of smokeless tobacco hazards. Data were analyzed by SPSS19 using Chi-square test and multinomiallogistic regression, with p<0.05 considered significant. <br/><b>Results</b>: At the time of conducting this study, 102 students(23.7%) had already consumed smokeless tobacco and 49 students (11.4%) were current users (consuming atleast once in 30 days before the study). There was a significant relationship between history of smokeless tobaccoconsumption, university/college, place of living, mean GPA, and mother’s education level (p<0.05). Also there wasa significant association between knowledge and prevalence of smokeless tobacco use (p<0.001). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:There is a relatively high prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption among the male students of universitiesof Zahedan, which shows the need to emphasize the provision and implementation of prevention programs inuniversities.
smokeless tobacco,male students,Zahedan university,Prevalence
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28305.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28305_6f4f131de060bcc2f76dd8808c777bee.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Knowledge about Cervical Cancer Risk Factors and Pap Smear Testing Behavior among Female Primary Health Care Workers: A Study from South Turkey
6389
6392
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cervical cancer is one of the ten most frequent cancers in Turkey. We here examined knowledgeabout cervical cancer in relation to Papanicolaou (Pap) testing among female primary health care workers inHatay, a city is located in the south of Turkey. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The study was completed on 261 womenhealthcare workers who were or had been sexually active and who accepted to participate to the study. Theparticipants gave verbal informed consent and thereafter questionnaires prepared by the investigators wereadministered by personal interview. <br/><b>Results</b>: Only 30.3% (n=79) of the participants regularly had a gynecologicexamination. While 87.4% (n=228) of the participants reported that they had already heard about the Pap smeartest, only 45.2% (n=118) had undergone this test. It was determined that had undergone an average of 1.66±0.89times (1-4) within the last five years. Some 56.0% (n=117) of the participants were well informed about the Papsmear test (p<0,001) and 81.1% (n=63) of the participants who regularly had gynecological examinations (p<0,001)had this test. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: For the early diagnosis of the cervical cancer, regularly having a Pap smear test iscrucial. Healthcare workers should also demonstrate sensitivity about this issue. We think that the importanceof the issue should be re-highlighted by organizing in-service training for female primary healthcare workers.Studies are warranted to determine the psychosociological factors that cause individuals to not have the test.
cervical cancer,risk factors,Pap smear test,public health workers,Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28306.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28306_3af82d97f8a8dc33685ff410808f3d05.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Kupffer Cells Suppress Hepatocarcinogenesis and Metastasis in Tumor Orthotopic Implanted Kunming Mice
6393
6398
EN
In this research, we used GdCl3 (gadolinium chloride) to restrain the function of Kupffer cells and assessedeffects on hepatocarcinogenesis and metastasis in the Kunming mouse. A 0.25% GdCl3 solution (10 mg/kg b.w.)was infused via the vena caudalis of each mouse 1 week before inoculation of H22 cells and was continuedonce per three days. Then we observed the follow indexes 3 weeks after injection of H22 cells: tumor weight,histologic characteristics of tumor tissue by light microscopy, ultramicrostructure of Kupffer cells under theelectron microscope, distribution and number of Kupffer cells by histochemical staining, and TNF-α andIFN-γ levels in blood-serum and liver tissue by ELISA and RT-PCR. MMP-2 protein expression was testedby immunohistochemistry. The GdCl3 pretreatment had no effect on the quantity of Kupffer cells, but clearlyrestrained their functions, with decrease of TNF-α and IFN-γ levels and elevation of MMP2. Tumor immunityfunctions were markedly suppressed and tumor growth was accelerated with appearance of metastasis.Furthermore, survival time of trial mice was shortened.
Kupffer cells,Hepatocellular carcinoma,gadolinium chloride,suppressive effects
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28307.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28307_6411fd33f5b7ebff53d79e43539918de.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Association of an LMP2 Polymorphism with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma
6399
6402
EN
Hematological malignancies (HM) are a group of neoplasms derived from the cells of the bone marrowand lymphatic system. Genetic factors leading to susceptibility to HM have been investigated for years butlittle is known yet. Low molecular weight polypeptide (LMP) 2 and LMP7 genes are important subunits of theimmunoproteasome and play significant role in antigen presentation. The polymorphisms of LMP genes have beenreported to be risk factors for various types of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the associationof LMP2 and LMP7 polymorphisms with the occurrence of particular types of HM. A total of 132 patients withHM and 130 control subjects were investigated. No significant difference was obtained in the distribution ofgenotype and allele frequencies of LMP7 gene in HM patients and the control group. On the other hand, theprevalence of LMP2-AA genotype was found to be higher in acute myeolid leukemia (AML) patients while itwas significantly lower in multiple myeloma (MM) cases than in the control subjects. Our results suggested thatLMP7 could not be a risk factor for susceptibility to HM, whereas LMP2 polymorphisms could play a role inthe development of AML and MM.
LMP2,LMP7,hematological malignancy,Polymorphism,Turkish
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28308.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28308_3456482c7d32764bccfa8d9bcf21bfda.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Role of MYH Polymorphisms in Sporadic Colorectal Cancer in China: A Case-control, Population-based Study
6403
6409
EN
Purpose: Biallelic germline variants of the 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OG) repair gene MYH have been associatedwith colorectal neoplasms that display somatic G:CgT:A transversions. However, the effect of single germlinevariants has not been widely studied, prompting the present investigation of monoallelic MYH variants andsusceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) in a Chinese population. Patients and <br/><b>Methods</b>: BetweenJanuary 2006 and December 2012, 400 cases of sporadic CRC and 600 age- and sex-matched normal blood donorswere screened randomly for 7 potentially pathogenic germline MYH exons using genetic testing technology.Variants of heterozygosity at the MYH locus were assessed in both sporadic cancer patients and healthy controls.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine risk factors for cancer onset. <br/><b>Results</b>: Fivemonoallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the 7 exon regions of MYH, which weredetected in 75 (18.75%) of 400 CRC patients as well as 42 (7%) of 600 normal controls. The region of exon 1proved to be a linked polymorphic region for the first time, a triple linked variant including exon 1-316 GgA,exon 1-292 GgA and intron 1+11 CgT, being identified in 13 CRC patients and 2 normal blood donors. Avariant of base replacement, intron 10-2 AgG, was identified in the exon 10 region in 21 cases and 7 controls,while a similar type of variant in the exon 13 region, intron 13+12 CgT, was identified in 8 cases and 6 controls.Not the only but a newly missense variant in the present study, p. V463E (Exon 14+74 TgA), was identified inexon 14 in 6 patients and 1 normal control. In exon 16, nt. 1678-80 del GTT with loss of heterozygosity (LOH)was identified in 27 CRC cases and 26 controls. There was no Y165C in exon 7 or G382D in exon 14, the hotspotvariants which have been reported most frequently in Caucasian studies. After univariate analysis andmultivariate analysis, the linked variant in exon 1 region (p=0.002), intron 10-2 AgG (p=0.004) and p. V463E(p=0.036) in the MYH gene were selected as 3 independent risk factors for CRC. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: According to theseresults, the linked variant in Exon 1 region, Intron 10-2 AgG of base replacement and p. V463E of missensevariant, the 3 heterozygosity variants of MYH gene in a Chinese population, may relate to the susceptibility tosporadic CRC. Lack of the hot-spot variants of Caucasians in the present study may due to the ethnic differencein MYH gene.
colorectal cancer,MutY homologue,monoallelic variant,Heterozygosity,Chinese population
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28309.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28309_74b4204ffa6a74142992ec95d87b971d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
MUTYH Association with Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in a Han Chinese Population
6411
6413
EN
Adenocarcinoma of esophagus (AE) is a complex disease, affected by a variety of genetic and environmentalfactors. Much evidence has shown that the MutY glycosylase homologue (MUTYH) plays a key role in thepathogenesis of many cancers. However, there have been no reports on influence on AE in the Han Chinesepopulation. The objective of this study was to investigate this issue. A gene-based association study was conductedusing three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) reported in previous studies. The three SNPs (rs3219463,rs3219472, rs3219489) were genotyped in 207 unrelated AE patients and 249 healthy controls in a case-controlstudy using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Theresults revealed that the genotype distribution of rs3219472 differed between the case and control groups(OR=1.66,95%CI=1.11-2.48, P=0.012 ), indicating that an association may exist between MUTYH and AE. Thesefindings support a signifcant role for MUTYH in AE pathogenesis in the Han Chinese population.
MUTYH,adenocarcinoma of esophagus,SNPs,PCR-RFLP,association study
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28310.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28310_c2c18e91a067c5551ee319ac19b23be2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Expression of EGFR and p53 in Head and Neck Tumors among Sudanese Patients
6415
6418
EN
<b>Background:</b> The aim of this study was to assess EGFR and p53 expression in head and neck tumors amongSudanese patients using immunohistochemistry. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A retrospective descriptive studywas performed on 150 samples from patients diagnosed with HNCs as well as 50 from individuals with benignhead and neck tumors. EGFR and p53 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). <br/><b>Results</b>:EGFR was expressed in 126/150 (84%) of HNCS and 6/50 (12%) benign head and neck tumors where as p53was expressed in 29/150 (19.3%) of HNCs and 2/50 (4%) of benign head and neck tumors, with significanceat p values of 0.001 and 0.009 respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: There is a significant association between EGFR, P53expression and head and neck cancers among Sudanese patients.
head and neck cancer,Sudanese,EGFR,p53
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28311.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28311_76f76525728491073e6700a3e323e0af.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Reduction of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis are Associated with Shrinkage of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma due to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
6419
6425
EN
<b>Background:</b> Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a treatment modality whereby chemotherapy is usedas the initial treatment of HNSCC in patients presenting with advanced cancer that cannot be treated by othermeans. It leads to shrinkage of tumours to an operable size without significant compromise to essential oro-facialorgans of the patients. The molecular mechanisms behind shrinkage due to NACT is not well elucidated. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: Eleven pairs of primary HNSCCs and adjacent normal epithelium, before and after chemotherapywere screened for cell proliferation and apoptosis. This was followed by immunohistochemical analysis of somecell cycle (LIMD1, RBSP3, CDC25A, CCND1, cMYC, RB, pRB), DNA repair (MLH1, p53) and apoptosis (BAX,BCL2) associated proteins in the same set of samples. <br/><b>Results</b>: Significant decrease in proliferation index andincrease in apoptotic index was observed in post-therapy tumors compared to pre-therapy. Increase in the RB/pRB ratio, along with higher expression of RBSP3 and LIMD1 and lower expression of cMYC were observedin post-therapy tumours, while CCND1 and CDC25A remained unchanged. While MLH1 remained unchanged,p53 showed higher expression in post-therapy tumors, indicating inhibition of cell proliferation and inductionof apoptosis. Increase in the BAX/BCL2 ratio was observed in post-therapy tumours, indicating up-regulationof apoptosis in response to therapy. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Thus, modulation of the G1/S cell cycle regulatory proteinsand apoptosis associated proteins might play an important role in tumour shrinkage due to NACT.
Proliferation,Apoptosis,Neoadjuvant chemotherapy,Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28312.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28312_6eee7674c40fa9f08e37b85b8d4b8efc.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in miRNA196a-2 and miRNA146a and Susceptibility to Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Chinese Population
6427
6431
EN
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world and deeply threatens people’shealth, especially in China. Techniques of early diagnosis, prevention and prediction are still being discovered,among which the approaches based on single nucleotide polymorphisms in microRNA genes (miRNA SNPs) arenewly proposed and show prospective potential. In particular, the association between SNPs in miRNA196a-2(rs11614913) and miRNA146a (rs2910164) and HCC has been investigated. However, the conclusions madewere conflicting, possibly due to insufficient sample size or population stratification. Further confirmations inwell-designed large samples are still required. In this study, we verified the association between these two SNPsand the susceptibility to HCC by MassARRAY assay in a 2,000 large Chinese case-control sample. Significantassociation between rs11614913 and HCC was confirmed. Subjects with the genotype of CT+TT or T allele inrs11614913 were more resistant to HCC (CT+TT: OR (95% CI)=0.73 (0.57-0.92), P=0.01; T allele: OR (95%CI)=0.85 (0.75-0.97), P=0.02) and HBV-related HCC (CT+TT: OR (95% CI)=0.69 (0.53-0.90), P=0.01; T allele:OR (95% CI)=0.82 (0.71-0.95), P=0.01). The affected carriers of CT or TT also tended to have lower levels ofserum AFP (P=0.01). This study demonstrated a role of rs11614913 in the etiology of HCC. Further researchshould focus on the clinical use of this miRNA SNP, so as to facilitate conquering HCC.
Single nucleotide polymorphism in microRNA gene,HCC,MassARRAY
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28313.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28313_47dd03a349fc7c53e9f4b60a059d3a67.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine Induces Hepatoma Cell Apoptosis via Enhancing Methionine Adenosyltransferase 1A Expression and Inducing S-Adenosylmethionine Production
6433
6438
EN
In hepatocellular cancer (HCC), lack of response to chemotherapy and radiation treatment can be caused bya loss of epigenetic modifications of cancer cells. Methionine adenosyltransferase 1A is inactivated in HCC andmay be stimulated by an epigenetic change involving promoter hypermethylation. Therefore, drugs releasingepigenetic repression have been proposed to reverse this process. We studied the effect of the demethylating reagent5-aza-2’-deoxycitidine (5-Aza-CdR) on MAT1A gene expression, DNA methylation and S-adenosylmethionine(SAMe) production in the HCC cell line Huh7. We found that MAT1A mRNA and protein expression wereactivated in Huh7 cells with the treatment of 5-Aza-CdR; the status of promoter hypermethylation was reversed.At the same time, MAT2A mRNA and protein expression was significantly reduced in Huh7 cells treated with5-Aza-CdR, while SAMe production was significantly induced. However, 5-Aza-CdR showed no effects onMAT2A methylation. Furthermore, 5-Aza-CdR inhibited the growth of Huh7 cells and induced apoptosis andthrough down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bax and caspase-3. Our observations suggest that 5-Aza-CdR exerts its anti-tumor effects in Huh7 cells through an epigenetic change involving increased expression ofthe methionine adenosyltransferase 1A gene and induction of S-adenosylmethionine production.
5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine,MAT1A,S-adenosylmethionine,methylation,Hepatocellular carcinoma
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28314.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28314_151430d0b9f06f100311520da2334616.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Expression Level of Valosin Containing Protein is Associated with Prognosis of Primary Orbital MALT Lymphoma
6439
6443
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To investigate whether the expression level of valosin-containing protein (VCP) is correlated withthe prognosis of primary orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. <br/><b>Methods</b>: VCP expressionin 58 samples from primary orbital MALT lymphoma patients was determined by immunohistochemisty usingmonoclonal antibodies. Correlations between VCP expression level and prognosis were clarified by statisticalanalysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: It was found that the percentage of VCP positive cells in samples of primary orbital MALTlymphoma ranged from 32% to 95%. The samples were divided into two groups (level 1 and level 2) accordingto the median value (45%) of the percentage of VCP positive cells. It was found that the expression level of VCPwas significantly correlated with recurrence (P=0.003) and tumor size (P=0.008). At the same time, the 5-yeardisease-free and overall survival rate of patients of level 1 was significantly better than that of level 2 (P=0.001;P=0.032). There was no observed correlation between the expression level of VCP and other clinical features.<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: VCP could be a useful marker for predicting the prognosis of primary orbital MALT lymphoma.
MALT lymphoma,Orbit,VCP,Recurrence,survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28315.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28315_cb7f63ec8478309015fdcfd52a4ed581.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Factors Associated with Underscreening for Cervical Cancer among Women in Canada
6445
6450
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Failure toprevent cervical cancer is partly due to non-participation in regular screening. It is important to plan anddevelop screening programs directed towards underscreened women. In order to identify the factors associatedwith underscreening for cervical cancer among women, this study examined Pap test participation and factorsassociated with not having a time-appropriate (within 3 years) Pap test among a representative sample ofwomen in Ontario, Canada using Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) data. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:Univariate analyses, cross-tabulations, and logistic regression modeling were conducted using cross-sectionaldata from the 2007-2008 CCHS. Analyses were restricted to 13,549 sexually active women aged 18-69 years oldliving in Ontario, with no history of hysterectomy. <br/><b>Results</b>: Almost 17% of women reported they had not hada time-appropriate Pap test. Not having a time-appropriate Pap test was associated with being 40-69 years old,single, having low education and income, not having a regular doctor, being of Asian (Chinese, South Asian,other Asian) cultural background, less than excellent health, and being a recent immigrant. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Resultsindicate that disparities still exist in terms of who is participating in cervical cancer screening. It is crucial todevelop and implement cervical cancer screening programs that not only target the general population, but alsothose who are less likely to obtain a Pap tests.
Pap tests,cervical cancer screening,Women’s health,participation factors,Canada
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28316.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28316_30e54434bd694c08a67f2ad226281157.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Effects of an Anti-Smoking Program to Prevent Lung Cancer among Urban Aboriginals in Taiwan
6451
6457
EN
Background and Purpose: Indigenous people who leave their hometowns and move to the city to earn a livingbecame urban aboriginals. During the process of adapting to urban living situations, they may use variouscoping strategies such as smoking to overcome their stress. Therefore, it is crucial to provide health educationincluding smoking prevention, increasing knowledge regarding of tobacco hazard, self-efficacy of anti-smoking,and adjusting smoking behavior so as to empower their anti-smoking motivation to prevent lung cancer. Thepurpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of an anti-smoking program on urban aboriginals inTaiwan. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A quasi-experimental study design with purposeful sampling was employed. A total of 125aboriginal subjects were recruited from two local churches at Shu Lin area in northern Taiwan. Subjects weredivided into an experimental group (n =64 ) and a control group (n = 61). Both took pre-tests in order to setbaseline values, and only the experimental group participated for 3-weeks in the anti-smoking program classes.Both groups took post-tests immediately after the intervention in order to evaluate the immediate effects of theteaching program, and a follow-up test was conducted four weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzedusing descriptive statistics, one-way ANCOVA, and repeat measure ANCOVA. <br/><b>Results</b>: After controlling forconfounding variables, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the self-efficacyof anti-smoking and smoking behavior between experimental and control groups in the immediately post-testand the follow-up test (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant differences in the recognition of hazardsof smoking at eiter time point. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The findings of this study revealedthat the anti-smoking program effectively improved self-efficacy of anti-smoking, and decreased the smokingbehavior in urban aboriginals. They provide useful information as a reference regarding of aboriginal healthpromotion to health providers. It is imperative that anti-smoking be reinforced for those regular smokers toprevent induction of lung cancer.
Lung cancer,urban aboriginals,anti-smoking program,smoking behavior,Taiwan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28317.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28317_5925a30daea7d2e2bda59e7d31b0fb87.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Cancer Screening in Korea, 2012: Results from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey
6459
6463
EN
We investigated the cancer screening rates for five types of cancer (stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, andcervix uteri) using data from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), which is a nationwide,annual cross-sectional survey. The eligible study population included cancer-free men 40 years of age and olderand women 30 years of age and older. The lifetime screening rate and screening rate with recommendation werecalculated. The lifetime screening rates for gastric, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancers were 77.9%,69.9%, 65.8%, 82.9%, and 77.1%, respectively. The screening rates with recommendation were 70.9%, 21.5%,44.7%, 70.9%, and 67.9%, respectively. The most common reason for all types of cancer was “no symptoms,”followed by “lack of time” and “fear of the examination procedure.” Efforts to facilitate participation in liverand colorectal cancer screening among Korean men and women are needed.
Early Detection of Cancer,Screening,national health program,health care surveys
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28318.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28318_ea1aa18351f3c19fd992a44961daf661.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Health Risk Behavior of Romanian Adults having Relatives with Cancer
6465
6468
EN
This study aimed to assess body features, and alimentary and lifestyle behavior related to cancer preventionamong Romanian adults having relatives with cancer. The study was performed in 2010/2011 in an oncologicalhospital in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. It involved 320 adults who had relatives with cancer. An anonymousquestionnaire was filled in by each participants; their weights and heights were measured and body mass index(BMI) was calculated, 56.6% of the participants having a value higher than 24.9. Almost all subjects ate less than400g of fruits and vegetables daily and 56% of the participants consumed more than 500 g of red meat weekly.One quarter of the study sample was performing less than 30 minutes of moderate physical activity daily. Some28.1% of the subjects were smokers. These data call for comprehensive actions to help Romanian cancer patientrelatives to respect the recommendations regarding healthy lifestyle promotion and cancer prevention. Healthprofessionals should periodically assess body composition and lifestyle components of adults who have relativeswith cancer in order to identify unhealthy behavior and offer them personalized education and counseling.
Lifestyle,dietary behaviour,Cancer Prevention,relatives of cancer patients
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28319.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28319_f9f37d41f89bbea089c5db3cee87fa89.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Effects of Arsenic Trioxide Alone and in Combination with Bortezomib in Multiple Myeloma RPMI 8266 Cells
6469
6473
EN
The aim of this study was to detect the efficiency of arsenic trioxide (ATO) alone or together with bortezomibto inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in a multiple myeloma (MM) RPMI 8266 cells. Mechanisms of actionwere also investigated. RPMI 8266 cells were treated with ATO alone and in combination with bortezomib for24 hours, and cell viability was assessed by modified MTT. Annexin V-F1TC and PI staining was used to detectthe apoptosis rate and cell cycling was investigated by flow cytometry, along with expression of cell surfacedeath receptor-4(DR4) and death receptor-5 (DR5). Western blotting was applied to detect the expression ofbcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. As a result, the ATO combined with bortezomib group showed moreinhibition of RPMI 8266 cell viability than theATO group. Expression of DR4 and DR5 on the cell surfaces,and the apoptosis rate were increased after treatment by ATO alone or combined with bortezomib. The cellsappeared to arrest in G2/M phase after treatment. Expression of bcl-2 was more significantly decreased in thecombination group, and that of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 was significantly increased as well. Therefore,bortezomib can enhance ATO actions to induce apoptosis in RPMI 8266 cells, with decrease in expression ofbcl-2 and increase of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 proteins.
Arsenic trioxide,bortezomib,multiple myeloma,Apoptosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28320.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28320_a635eb7f6bd755a5bde89b0f0633553d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Glutathione S-Transferase Expression in Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinomas: a Taiwan Study
6475
6479
EN
<br/><b>Objectives</b>: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes play important roles in resistance to cell apoptosisand carcinogenesis. We aimed to establish the relationship between GST expression and the prognosis of upperurinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTT-UC) in Taiwan. <br/><b>Methods</b>: This study retrospectively reviewed 46patients with pathologically confirmed UUT-UC at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. In each patient,expression of GSTT1 and GSTP1 was compared between urothelial carcinoma and normal urothelial cells byWestern blotting. <br/><b>Results</b>: GSTP1 expression in the UUT-UC cells was significantly higher than that in normalurothelial cells (1.6 fold, p<0.001). Expression of GSTT1 was significantly associated with the invasiveness ofthe carcinoma (p=0.006). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In UUT-UC, GSTP1 might be a potential tumor marker, whereas highGSTT1 expression could be used as an indicator of cancer progression. This study is the first to demonstratepotential applications of different GST isoenzymes for biomolecular analysis of UUT-UCs in Taiwan.
Upper urinary tract,Urothelial carcinoma,GSTP,GSTT,Protein expression
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28321.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28321_6c9419aeac0928647b2cb21fd03f5568.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Induction of Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer Cell SGC-7901 by Isovaltrate Acetoxyhydrin Isolated from Patrinia heterophylla Bunge Involves a Mitochondrial Pathway and G2/M Phase Cell Cycle Arrest
6481
6486
EN
<b>Background:</b> Our previous study demonstrated cytotoxicity of a crude extract from Patrinia heterophylla Bunge(PHEB). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of isovaltrate acetoxyhydrin (IA) isolated fromPHEB on the gastric cancer cell SGC-7901, in order to explore a potential treatment for gastric cancer. <br/><b>Methods</b>:MTT assays were employed to determine the effects of IA on cell vitality and proliferation, with monitoring ofcell morphology changes and examination of apoptosis with Annexin V-PI staining. Flow cytometry was used toassess cell cycle progression and mitochondrial membrane potential. The activity of caspase 3, 9 was evaluatedby spectrophotometry, and the protein levels of Bax, Bcl2 and Cyclin B1 were analyzed with Western blottingof total proteins extracted from cultured cells. <br/><b>Results</b>: The results demonstrated direct toxicity of IA towardsSGC-7901 cells. Evidence of apoptosis included blebbing and chromatin condensation. Annexin V-PI assaysrevealed early apoptosis, involving rapid depolarization of mitochondrial membranes and activity of caspase3, 9 signaling pathways. Western blotting showed that Bcl2 and Bax proteins was down- and up-regulated,respectively, and cyclin B1 was up-regulated. Cell cycle analysis further indicated that IA could induce G2/Mphase arrest in SGC-7901 cells. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In conclusion, we believe that IA induces apoptosis of SGC-7901cells, therefore providing a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of gastric cancer.
Patrinia heterophylla Bunge,isovaltrate acetoxyhydrin,SGC-7901,Apoptosis,G2/M arrest
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28322.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28322_48b868a2e264724513ad4270f1af71d5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Colorectal Cancer Screening in High-risk Populations: a Survey of Cognition among Medical Professionals in Jiangsu, China
6487
6491
EN
To investigate the cognition of medical professionals when following screening guidelines for colorectal cancer(CRC) and barriers to CRC screening. Between February 2012 and December 2012, an anonymous survey with19-questions based on several CRC screening guidelines was randomly administered to gastroenterologists,oncologists, general surgeons, and general practitioners in Jiangsu, a developed area in China where the incidenceof CRC is relatively high. The average cognitive score was 26.4% among 924 respondents. Gastroenterologistsand oncologists had higher scores compared with others (p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively); doctor of medicine(M.D.) with or without doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) or holders with bachelor of medical science (BMS) achievedhigher scores than other lower degree holders (P<0.05). More importantly, doctors who finished CRC relatededucation in the past year achieved higher scores than the others (p<0.001). The most commonly listed barriersto referring high-risk patients for CRC screening were “anxiety about colonoscopy without anesthesia”, “lackof awareness of the current guidelines” and “lack of insurance reimbursement.” Lack of cognition was detectedamong doctors when following CRC screening guidelines for high-risk populations. Educational programs shouldbe recommended to improve their cognition and reduce barriers to CRC screening.
High-risk,colorectal cancer,family history,Screening,Survey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28169.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28169_84609e5fe554647978bd164c805a3b4d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Clinical and Pathologic Features of Patients with Rare Ovarian Tumors: Multi-Center Review of 167 Patients by the Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology
6493
6499
EN
<b>Background:</b> Non-epithelial malignant ovarian tumors and clear cell carcinomas, Brenner tumors, transitionalcell tumors, and carcinoid tumors of the ovary are rare ovarian tumors (ROTs). In this study, our aim was todetermine the clinicopathological features of ROT patients and prognostic factors associated with survival.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 167 patients with ROT who underwent initial surgery were retrospectivelyanalyzed. Prognostic factors that may influence the survival of patients were evaluated by univariate andmultivariate analyses. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of 167 patients, 75 (44.9%) were diagnosed with germ-cell tumors (GCT) and 68(40.7%) with sex cord-stromal tumors (SCST); the remaining 24 had other rare ovarian histologies. Significantdifferences were found between ROT groups with respect to age at diagnosis, tumor localization, initial surgerytype, tumor size, tumor grade, and FIGO stage. Three-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates and median PFSintervals for patients with other ROT were worse than those of patients with GCT and SCST (41.8% vs 79.6% vs77.1% and 30.2 vs 72 vs 150 months, respectively; p=0.01). Moreover, the 3-year overall survival (OS) rates andmedian OS times for patients with both GCT and SCST were better as compared to patients with other ROT,but these differences were not statistically significant (87.7% vs 88.8% vs 73.9% and 170 vs 122 vs 91 months,respectively; p=0.20). In the univariate analysis, tumor localization (p<0.001), FIGO stage (p<0.001), and tumorgrade (p=0.04) were significant prognostic factors for PFS. For OS, the univariate analysis indicated that tumorlocalization (p=0.01), FIGO stage (p=0.001), and recurrence (p<0.001) were important prognostic indicators.Multivariate analysis showed that FIGO stage for PFS (p=0.001, HR: 0.11) and the presence of recurrence (p=0.02,HR: 0.54) for OS were independent prognostic factors. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: ROTs should be evaluated separately fromepithelial ovarian cancers because of their different biological features and natural history. Due to the rarity ofthese tumors, determination of relevant prognostic factors as a group may help as a guide for more appropriateadjuvant or recurrent therapies for ROTs.
Rare ovarian tumors,Overall survival,Progression-free survival,Prognostic factors
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28170.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28170_1dcf4b8b4fb62ff09a8ca7a24fd084f9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Characteristics of 240 Chinese Father-child Pairs with Malignant Disease
6501
6505
EN
To obtain a screening and early detection reference for individuals who have a family history of cancer onthe paternal side, we collected and analyzed data from 240 pairs in which both fathers and their children werediagnosed with cancer. Disease categories of fathers and sons were similar to that of the general population ofChina, whereas daughters were different from general female population with high incidence of breast cancerand gynecological cancer. Sons were more likely than daughters to have the same type of cancer, or to have cancerin the same organ system as their fathers (P < 0.0001). Sons and daughters developed malignant diseases 11 and16 years earlier than their fathers, respectively (P < 0.0001 for both sons and daughters). Daughters developedmalignant diseases 5 years earlier than sons (P < 0.0001). Men with a family history of malignant tumors on thepaternal side should be screened for malignancies from the age of 45 years, or 11 years earlier than the age oftheir fathers’ diagnosis, and women should be screened from the age of 40 years, or 16 years earlier than the ageat which their fathers were diagnosed with cancer. Lung cancer should be investigated in both men and women,whilst screening should focus on cancer of the digestive system in men and on breast and gynecological cancer(ovary, uterine and cervical cancer) in women.
cancer,family history,father,son,daughter,Screening,early detection
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28171.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28171_8e7e7f83cb01aff48d7736918c21c7a2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
CYP1A1 Genetic Polymorphisms and Risk for Esophageal Cancer: a Case-control Study in Central China
6507
6512
EN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations of CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms with the riskof developing esophageal cancer (EC). A case-control study was carried out in a Chinese population in which157 hospital based EC cases and 157 population based healthy controls with 1:1 match by age and sex wereincluded. PCR based restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) were used to detect genotypes incase and control groups. For the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphism, comparing with wild genotype Ile/Ile, both theheterozygote genotype Ile/Val and the combined variant genotype Ile/Val+Val/Val increased the risk of esophagealcancer (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.19-3.54, OR: 1.86, 95%CI: 1.11-3.12). No significant association was found betweenthe CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism and EC. According to analysis of combined genotypes, the TC/AG combinedgenotype which contained both variant alleles of these two polymorphisms increased the risk of developing EC(OR: 2.12, 95%CI: 1.16-3.85). Our results suggested that genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 may increase thesusceptibility to EC.
polymorphisms,CYP1A1,Esophageal Cancer,Susceptibility,Central China
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28323.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28323_0826ff11f49d48d103de7570791b3dfe.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Treatment Outcome with Brachytherapy for Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
6513
6518
EN
<b>Background:</b> To evaluate the treatment outcome and major late complications of all patients with recurrentnasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) in Hospital Kuala Lumpur.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology,Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. All patients with histologically confirmed recurrent NPC in the absence ofdistant metastasis treated in the period 1997-2010 were included in this study. These patients were treated withICBT alone or in combination with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Treatment outcomes measured werelocal recurrence free survival (LRFS), disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). <br/><b>Results</b>: Thirty threepatients were eligible for this study. The median age at recurrence was 56 years with a median time to initiallocal recurrence of 27 months. Majority of patients were staged as rT1-2 (94%) or rN0 (82%). The proportionof patients categorised as stage III-IV at first local recurrence was only 9%. Twenty one patients received acombination of ICBT and external beam radiotherapy while 12 patients were treated with ICBT alone. Medianinterval of recurrence post re-irradiation was 32 months (range: 4-110 months). The median LRFS, DFS andOS were 30 months, 29 months and 36 months respectively. The 5 year LRFS, DFS and OS were 44.7%, 38.8%and 28.1% respectively. The N stage at recurrence was found to be a significant prognostic factor for LRFS andDFS after multivariate analysis. Major late complications occurred in 34.9% of our patients. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Ourstudy shows ICBT was associated with a reasonable long term outcome in salvaging recurrent NPC althoughmajor complications remained a significant problem. The N stage at recurrence was a significant prognosticfactor for both LRFS and DFS.
Nasopharyngeal cancer,Recurrence,Brachytherapy,outcome,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28324.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28324_6dd2a77805f78d4a3cda09cefc96ce06.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
TP63 Gene Polymorphisms, Cooking Oil Fume Exposure and Risk of Lung Adenocarcinoma in Chinese Non-smoking Females
6519
6522
EN
<b>Background:</b> Genetic polymorphisms of TP63 have been suggested to influence susceptibility to lungadenocarcinoma development in East Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate the relationship betweencommon polymorphisms in the TP63 gene and the risk of lung adenocarcinoma, as well as interactions of thepolymorphisms with environmental risk factors in Chinese non-smoking females. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A case-control studyof 260 cases and 318 controls was conducted. Data concerning demographic and risk factors were obtained foreach subject. The genetic polymorphisms were determined by Taqman real-time PCR and statistical analyseswere performed using SPSS software. <br/><b>Results</b>: For 10937405, carriers of the CT genotype or at least one T allele(CT/TT) had lower risks of lung adenocarcinoma compared with the homozygous wild CC genotype in Chinesenonsmoking females (adjusted ORs were 0.68 and 0.69, 95%CIs were 0.48-0.97 and 0.50-0.97, P values were0.033 and 0.030, respectively). Allele comparison showed that the T allele of rs10937405 was associated with adecreased risk of lung adenocarcinoma with an OR of 0.78 (95%CI=0.60-1.01, P=0.059). Our results showed thatexposure to cooking oil fumes was associated with increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma in Chinese nonsmokingfemales (adjusted OR=1.58, 95%CI=1.11-2.25, P=0.011). However, we did not observe a significant interaction ofcooking oil fumes and TP63 polymorphisms. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: TP63 polymorphism might be a genetic susceptibilityfactor for lung adenocarcinoma in Chinese non-smoking females, but no significant interaction was found withcooking oil fume exposure.
TP63 gene,SNPs,cooking oil fumes,Lung Adenocarcinoma,female nonsmokers
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28325.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28325_d4bbebee0eb98e578c0e794c6dfb9497.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Cigarette Smoking and other Risk Factors for Kidney Cancer Death in a Japanese Population: Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC study)
6523
6528
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cigarette smoking is the largest single recognized cause of human cancers. In Western countries,many epidemiologists have reported risk factors for kidney cancer including smoking. However, little is knownabout the Japanese population. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We evaluated the association of smoking with the riskof kidney cancer death in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. Participants included 46,395 malesand 64,190 females. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine age-and-sex adjusted relativerisks. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 62 males and 26 females died from kidney cancer during the follow-up of 707,136and 1,025,703 person-years, respectively. Heavy smokers (Brinkman index >1200), fondness of fatty foods,hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity were suggested to increase the risk of renal cell carcinomawhile walking was suggested to decrease the risk. Even after controlling for age, sex, alcohol drinking and DM,heavy smoking significantly increased the risk. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The present study suggests that six factors includingsmoking may increase and/or reduce the risk of kidney cancer in the Japanese population. Because of the smallnumber of outcomes, however, we did not evaluate these factors after adjusting for all possible confoundingfactors. Further studies may be needed to confirm the findings in this study.
renal cell carcinoma,smoking,Obesity,Diabetes Mellitus,Hypertension
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28326.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28326_7046bc1ead742e8a2cf69889390474e3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Very Young Breast Cancer in a Referral Center in Tehran, Iran; Review of 55 Cases Aged 25 or Less throughout 33 Years
6529
6532
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer is mostly the disease of postmenopausal women but very young affected womenare seen more than occasionally in developing countries. We reviewed our cases of very young breast cancer inorder to help in better understanding of such cases. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The records of patients 25 yearsof age or less who had been admitted for breast cancer surgery in the Cancer Institute of Tehran from 1979 to2012 were reviewed and relevant data were extracted. <br/><b>Results</b>: From 5,265 cases of breast cancer, 62 patientshad 25 years of age or less. There were 55 cases of breast adenocarcinoma, all female. More than 78% of thepatients had presented with a palpable mass, the family history was positive in 2% of cases, and about 94%of the histologies were invasive ductal carcinoma. Gestational breast cancer constituted 10% of the cancers;another 10%were bilateral. The median size of the tumors was 5.72 centimeters, 63.2% of them had axillarylymphatic involvement, and more than half were negative for hormone receptors. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our study showsan incidence of 1.17% for very young breast cancer and a 10% rate of bilaterality which probably warrantsspecial guidelines for contralateral screening. Cancer stage and features were poor in comparison with breastcancer in all ages.
breast cancer,very young females,Incidence,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28327.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28327_7ee883926e8c23bb5f2b1357f5d155c7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Clinical Value of Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 (eEF2) in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
6533
6535
EN
<b>Background:</b> The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new type of tumor biomarker, eukaryotic elongationfactor 2 (eEF2), in serum for the early diagnosis, confirmative diagnosis as well as assessment of treatment ofnon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). <br/><b>Methods</b>: 130 patients with NSCLC and 50 healthy individuals undergoingphysical examination in our hospital provided the observation and healthy control groups. An enzyme linkedimmune sorbent assay (ELISA) method was applied to determine serum eEF2 levels. Serum neuron specificenolase (NSE) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) levels in the observation group were assessed withan automatic biochemical analyzer. <br/><b>Results</b>: The median levels of eEF2 in the serum of NSCLC patients wasfound to be significantly higher than the healthy control group (p < 0.01) and it was markedly higher in stagesIII, IV than stages I, II (p < 0.05). eEF2 was higher with tumor size ≥2 cm than <2 cm (P< 0.01). Furthermore,two weeks after surgery patients showed a significant trend for eEF2 decrease (p < 0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Theeukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) has certain clinical values for early diagnosis, verification, and prognosisas well as classification of lung cancer patients.
non-small cell lung cancer,eukaryotic elongation factor 2,clinical value
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28328.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28328_1880b8b5e79953151109f141074b6f03.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Perspectives of Medical Oncologists regarding Music Therapy for Patients with Cancer in Turkey - Can Musicology be Integrated into Psycho-oncology?
6537
6540
EN
<b>Background:</b> Music therapy is a common complementary and alternative therapy in addition to medicaltreatment for patients with cancer. If music therapy, which is known has a positive effect on human emotionsand behaviors, is a useful additional therapy, it should be more integrated into pyscho-oncology. In this study,we aimed to determine medical oncologist attitudes to music therapy for patients with cancer and knowledgeabout musicology and music therapy in Turkey. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This survey study included questionsabout participant attitudes and knowledge regarding music therapy as well as demographic characteristics. Thepopulation of the study were 402 physicians working in medical oncology in Turkey and the sample covered 112participants in the the survey. For statistical analyses the chi-square test, Fischer exact test, and Mann-WhitneyU analysis are applied. <br/><b>Results</b>: In our study the rate for medical oncologists who were interested in music therapywas 28% (n=112). Some 30% (n=34) of medical oncologists recommended music therapy for their patients and55% (n=61) recommended music therapy to prevent anxiety in patients with cancer. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In this study,for more harmony with patients and in order to ensure management of adverse effect, it was concluded thatmusic therapy should be regrded as an additional therapy in oncology clinics.
Musicology,Music Therapy,complementary medicine,cancer,psycho-oncology,medical oncologists
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28329.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28329_6832e0f7cb1a8181646679c3212250e4.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Cytotoxic and Apoptotic-inducing Effects of Purple Rice Extracts and Chemotherapeutic Drugs on Human Cancer Cell Lines
6541
6548
EN
Pigmented rice is mainly black, red, and dark purple, and contains a variety of flavones, tannin, polyphenols,sterols, tocopherols, γ-oryzanols, amino acids, and essential oils. The present study evaluated the cytotoxic effectsof purple rice extracts (PREs) combined with chemotherapeutic drugs on human cancer cells and mechanismsof cell death. Methanolic (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of three cultivars of purple rice inThailand: Doisaket (DSK), Nan and Payao (PYO), were tested and compared with white rice (KK6). Cytotoxicitywas determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in human hepatocellularcarcinoma HepG2, prostate cancer LNCaP and murine normal fibroblast NIH3T3 cells. MeOH-PYO-PRE wasthe most cytotoxic and inhibited HepG2 cell growth more than that of LNCaP cells but was not toxic to NIH3T3cells. When PREs were combined with paclitaxel or vinblastine, they showed additive cytotoxic effects on HepG2and LNCaP cells, except for MeOH-PYO-PRE which showed synergistic effects on HepG2 cells when combinedwith vinblastine. MeOH-PYO-PRE plus vinblastine induced HepG2 cell apoptosis with loss of mitochondrialtransmembrane potential (MTP) but no ROS production. MeOH-PYO-PRE-treated HepG2 cells underwentapoptosis via caspase-9 and-3 activation. The level of γ-oryzanol was highest in DCM-PYO-PRE (44.17 mg/g)whereas anthocyanin content was high in MeOH-PYO-PRE (5.80 mg/g). In conclusion, methanolic Payaopurple rice extract was mostly toxic to human HepG2 cells and synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity ofvinblastine. Human HepG2 cell apoptosis induced by MeOH-PYO-PRE and vinblastine was mediated througha mitochondrial pathway.
Purple rice extracts,Cytotoxicity,human cancer cells,Apoptosis,chemotherapeutic drugs
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28330.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28330_c65e4decfa3c30a8f6fb87eebd0c604b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Senescence Effects of Angelica sinensis Polysaccharides on Human Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Stem and Progenitor Cells
6549
6556
EN
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) play important roles in leukemia initiation, progression and relapse, and thusrepresent a critical target for therapeutic intervention. Hence, it is extremely urgent to explore new therapeuticstrategies directly targeting LSCs for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) therapy. We show here that Angelicasinensis polysaccharide (ASP), a major active component in Dong quai (Chinese Angelica sinensis), effectivelyinhibited human AML CD34+CD38− cell proliferation in vitro culture in a dose-dependent manner while sparingnormal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells at physiologically achievable concentrations. Furthermore, ASPexerted cytotoxic effects on AML K562 cells, especially LSC-enriched CD34+CD38− cells. Colony formation assaysfurther showed that ASP significantly suppressed the formation of colonies derived from AML CD34+CD38−cells but not those from normal CD34+CD38− cells. Examination of the underlying mechanisms revealed thatASP induced CD34+CD38− cell senescence, which was strongly associated with a series of characteristic events,including up-regulation of p53, p16, p21, and Rb genes and changes of related cell cycle regulation proteins P16,P21, cyclin E and CDK4, telomere end attrition as well as repression of telomerase activity. On the basis of thesefindings, we propose that ASP represents a potentially important agent for leukemia stem cell-targeted therapy.
Angelica sinensis polysaccharide,leukemia stem/progenitor cells,senescence,Telomerase,Telomere
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28331.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28331_fbc567dcf31462b7263c292bd501ffc8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Luciferase Assay to Screen Tumour-specific Promoters in Lung Cancer
6557
6562
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: Specific promoters could improve efficiency and ensure the safety of gene therapy. The aim ofour study was to screen examples for lung cancer. <br/><b>Methods</b>: The firefly luciferase gene was used as a reporter,and promoters based on serum markers of lung cancer were cloned. The activity and specificity of sevenpromoters, comprising CEACAM5 (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA), GRP (Gastrin-Releasing Peptide), KRT19(cytokeratin 19, KRT), SFTPB (surfactant protein B, SP-B), SERPINB3 (Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen,SCCA), SELP (Selectin P, Granule Membrane Protein 140kDa, Antigen CD62, GMP) and DKK1 (Dickkopf-1)promoters were compared in lung cancer cells to obtain cancer-specific examples with strong activity. <br/><b>Results</b>:The CEACAM5, DKK1, GRP, SELP, KRT19, SERPINB3 and SFTPB promoters were cloned. Furthermore,we successfully constructed recombinant vector pGL-CEACAM5 (DKK1, GRP, SELP, KRT19, SERPINB3and SFTPB) contained the target gene. After cells were transfectedwith recombinant plasmids, we found thatthe order of promoter activity from high to low was SERPINB3, DKK1, SFTPB, KRT19, CEACAM5, SELPand GRP and the order for promoters regarding specificity and high potential were SERPINB3, DKK1, SELP,SFTPB, CEACAM5, KRT19 and GRP. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: The approach adopted is feasible to screen for new tumourspecific promoters with biomarkers. In addition, the screened lung-specific promoters might have potential foruse in lung cancer targeted gene therapy research.
luciferase assay,Lung cancer,tumor-specific promoter,Gene Therapy,tumor biomarker
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28332.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28332_6294b83121403e2c3e2daf06bdc61072.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Tobacco Use and Quit Behaviour Assessment in the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS): Invalid Responses and Implications
6563
6568
EN
<b>Background:</b> Tobacco use and quit attempts are two key indicators of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey(GATS) that assess quit attempts among current as well as former tobacco users. The relevant data have inherentpolicy implications for tobacco cessation programme evaluation. This study aimed to review the concepts of quitattempt assessment and quantifying invalid responses considering GATS-India data. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:GATS assessment of tobacco use and quit attempts were examined in the current literature. Two categories ofinvalid responses were identified by stratified analysis of the duration of last quit attempt among current usersand duration of abstinence among former users. Category A included absolute invalid responses when timeframeof assessment of current tobacco use and less than former tobacco use were violated. Category B includedresponses that violated the unit of measurement of time. <br/><b>Results</b>: Current daily use, current less than daily use andformer use in GATS were imprecisely defined with overlapping of time-frame of assessment. Overall responses of3,102 current smokers, 4,036 current smokeless users, 1,904 former smokers and 1,343 former smokeless userswere analyzed to quantify invalid responses. Analysis indicated overall 21.2% (category A: 7.32%; categoryB: 17.7%) and 22.7% (category A: 8.05%; category B: 18.1%) invalid responses among current smokers andsmokeless users respectively regarding their duration of last quit attempt. Similarly overall 6.62% (categoryA: 4.7%; category B: 2.3%) and 10.6% (category A: 8.6%; category B: 3.5%) invalid responses were identifiedamong former smokers and smokeless users respectively regarding their duration of abstinence. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:High invalid responses for a single assessment are due to the imprecise definition of current use, former use andquit attempt; and failure to utilize opportunity of direct data entry interface use during the survey to validateresponses instantly. Redefining tobacco use and quit attempts considering an appropriate timeframe wouldreduce invalid responses.
quit attempt,Validity,global adult tobacco survey,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28333.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28333_41f61734c4d10643548bf5b0cde22b34.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
miR-126 Suppresses the Proliferation of Cervical Cancer Cells and Alters Cell Sensitivity to the Chemotherapeutic Drug Bleomycin
6569
6572
EN
In cervical cancer, one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide, miR-126 has been reportedto exhibit decreased expression. However, its role in cervical cancer cell proliferation and drug sensitivity hasremained relatively unexplored. Here, we compared the expression of miR-126 in cervical cancer tissues (n =20) with that in normal cervical tissue (n = 20) using quantitative RT-PCR. The viability of Siha cervical cancercells was further measured by MTT assay after transfection with miR-126 mimic (Siha-miR-126 mimic) ormicroRNA mimic negative control (Siha-miR mimic NC) and after treatment with various concentrations ofbleomycin (BLM). IC50s were calculated, and the survival rates (SRs) of Siha cells were calculated. miR-126expression in cervical cancer tissue was significantly decreased compared with that in normal cervical tissue (P< 0.01). The relative SRs of Siha-miR-126 mimic cells were also significantly decreased compared with those ofSiha-miR mimic NC cells at 24-96 h after transfection. The IC50 of BLM in Siha-miR-126 mimic cells (50.3 ±2.02 μg/mL) was decreased compared with that in Siha-miR mimic NC cells (70.5 ± 4.33 μg/mL) at 48 h aftertransfection (P < 0.05). Finally, the SRs of Siha-miR-126 mimic cells were significantly lower than those of SihamiRmimic NC cells after cultured in medium containing 40 μg/mL BLM for 24–96 h (P < 0.05). These resultssuggest that miR-126 is expressed at low levels in cervical cancer. Upregulation of miR-126 inhibited cervicalcancer cell proliferation and enhanced the sensitivity to BLM. Thus, miR-126 may represent a novel approachto cervical cancer treatment.
miR-126,cervical cancer,Bleomycin,drug sensitivity
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28334.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28334_096c764a801028a8f058e111fac7798e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Evaluation of Prognostic Factors and Survival Results in Pancreatic Carcinomas in Turkey
6573
6578
EN
<b>Background:</b> The goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate patient characteristics, treatment modalitiesand prognostic factors in Turkish patients with pancreatic cancer. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Between January 1997and December 2012, 64 patients who presented to the Department of Radiation Oncology, Karadeniz TechnicalUniversity, Faculty of Medicine with a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer were evaluated. The E/K ratio of the caseswas 2.4/1 and the median age was 59.6 (32-80) years, respectively. Some 11 cases (18%) were stage 1, 21 (34.4%)were stage 2, 10 (16.4%) were stage 3, and 19 (31.1%) were metastatic. <br/><b>Results</b>: The mean follow-up time was15.7 months (0.7-117.5) and loco-regional recurrence was noted in 11 (40.7%) who underwent surgery whilemetastases were observed in 41 patients (66.1%). The median overall survival (OS) was 11.2 months and the 1,3 and 5-year OS rates were 41.7%, 9.9% and 7.9% respectively. The median disease-free survival (DFS) was 5.2month and the1, 2 and 5 year DFS were 22.6%, 7.6% and 3.8% respectively. On univariate analysis, prognosticfactors affecting OS included status of the operation (p<0.001), tumor stage (p=0.008), ECOG performance status(p=0.005) and CEA level (p=0.017).On multivariate analysis, prognostic factors affecting survival included statusof the operation (p=0.033) and age (p= 0.023). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In the current study, age and operation status wereindependent prognostic factors for overall survival with pancreatic patients. Thus, the patients early diagnosisand treatment ars essential. However, prospective studies with more patients are needed for confirmation.
Pancreatic cancer,radiotherapy,Chemotherapy,CEA
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28335.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28335_616cc265dc7731f9efc8d4bd65e913dd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Psychopathological Profile of Women with Breast Cancer Based on the Symptom Checklist-90-R
6579
6584
EN
<b>Background:</b> With effective early treatments, many breast cancer patients suffer from psychological distressdue to adverse effects and lifelong physical disfigurement. Our study aimed to evaluate the psychopathologicalprofile of breast cancer patients in comparison with healthy women and explored demographic correlates. <br/><b>Method</b>:We consecutively enrolled breast cancer patients who came to the hospital for follow-up or rehabilitation careafter primary treatment, and healthy female relatives or friends of inpatients in the Cancer Institute of ChineseAcademy of Medical Sciences between August 30, 2010 and January 1, 2012. Psychopathological profile wasassessed based on the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) for patients and controls. We compared demographicssuch as age, ethnicity, education, marriage, and occupation, and incorporated these data plus cancer statusfor the association with the general SCL-90-R index and scores for 9 major symptom dimensions in multipleregression analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: We surveyed a total of 291 female breast cancer patients and 531 healthy women.The average age was 55.1±6.40 years for breast cancer patients and 43.1±12.8 for healthy controls (P<0.01). Themean survival was 5.20 years for cancer patients (range, 0.60-9.90 years). There were statistically significantdifferences in education, marriage, and occupation between the two groups (P<0.01). General index (1.45±0.45versus 1.32±0.37) and 8 dimension scores (excluding anxiety) on SCL-90-R were significantly higher in patients(P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that the breast cancer status was positively correlated with generalSCL-90-R index and 6 dimension scores (excluding the anxiety, phobic anxiety and paranoid ideation dimensions)(P<0.05). Regression coefficients ranged from 0.10 (depression) to 0.19 (somatization). Higher interpersonalsensitivity was noticed in single women compared to married women. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Chinese patients withbreast cancer demonstrate greater psychopathology compared to healthy controls. The breast cancer status isan independent contributing factor to the general psychopathological profile. Breast cancer patients should begiven particular counseling and care to alleviate their psychological distress.
breast cancer,psychopathology,symptom checklist-90-R,Multiple regression,China
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28336.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28336_8e490b1f6e0f5185753a9ca81f2f2c40.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Efficacy and Tolerability of Adjuvant Oral Capecitabine plus Intravenous Oxaliplatin (XELOX) in Asian Patients with Colorectal Cancer: 4-Year Analysis
6585
6590
EN
<b>Background:</b> Although FOLFOX (infusional fluorouracil/leucovorin plus oxaliplatin) is established asa standard chemotherapeutic regimen, the long term efficacy of adjuvant XELOX (oral capecitabine plusintravenous oxaliplatin) in Asian colorectal cancer (CRC) patients remains anecdotal. Moreover, uncertaintiespersist as to whether pharmacogenetic differences in Asian populations preclude equally tolerable and effectiveadministration of these drugs. <br/><b>Method</b>: One hundred consecutive patients with resected colorectal cancerreceived adjuvant XELOX (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 plus capecitabine 900 mg/m2 twice daily on day 1 to14 every 3 weeks for 8 cycles) at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. Endpoints monitored during follow-up weredisease-free survival (DFS) and disease recurrence, overall survival (OS) and adverse events (AEs). <br/><b>Results</b>: Themedian patient age was 56 years, 56% were diagnosed with rectal cancer and 44% with colonic cancer. After amedian follow-up of 4.3 years (95% confidence interval, 3.2-4.7), 24 recurrences were confirmed including 13patients who died due to progressive disease. Four-year DFS was 81% in colon cancer patients and 67% in rectalcancer patients (p=0.06 by log-rank test). For the cohort as a whole, OS was 90% at 3 years and 84% at 5 years.Treatment-related AEs led to early withdrawal in four patients. The commonest non-hematological AEs wereneuropathy (91%), hand-foot syndrome (49%) and diarrhea (46%), while the commonest grade 3/4 AEs wereneutropenia (11%) and diarrhea (10%). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: These results confirm the favourable long term survivalbenefit with good tolerability in using adjuvant XELOX in treating East Asian colorectal cancer patients.
colorectal cancer,Adjuvant chemotherapy,XELOX,capecitabine,5-fluorouracil
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28337.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28337_9391742d810a78344a23d9644b3114d6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Levels of Tobacco-specific Metabolites among Non-smoking Lung Cancer Cases at Diagnosis: Case-control Findings
6591
6593
EN
<b>Background:</b> Environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality and isa known risk factor for lung cancer development in lifelong nonsmokers. The metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronides (NNAL-Glucs) have now emerged as leading biomarkersfor the study of carcinogen exposure in non-smokers exposed to ETS. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We carried outour study on NNAL in the urine of non-smokers exposed to ETS and the association between ETS and lungcancer. Subjects were enrolled from 2008-2010. NNAL was analyzed for 74 non-smoking lung cancer and 85healthy controls. The main objective of this study was to provide an estimate of the risk of lung cancer fromexposure to ETS in the Korean population. <br/><b>Results</b>: The mean NNAL concentration in urine was significantlylower in non-smoking patient groups (n=74) than in control groups (n=85) (4.7±15.0 pg/mg, 6.5±17.9 pg/mg,respectively, Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.001). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The urine NNAL of non-smoking patients with lungcancer was not elevated with regard to the non-smoking control group. This may be due to life-style changesafter diagnosis. A prospective study will be needed to evaluate the association of NNAL and non-smoking lungcancer.
Tobacco smoke pollution,environmental tobacco smoking,NNAL
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28338.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28338_70d7c5cec957a8588ce61880fbfad886.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Inhibition of Leptin and Leptin Receptor Gene Expression by Silibinin-Curcumin Combination
6595
6599
EN
Leptin and its receptor are involved in breast carcinogenesis as mitogenic factors. Therefore, they could beconsidered as targets for breast cancer therapy. Expression of the leptin receptor gene could be modulated byleptin secretion. Silibinin and curcumin are herbal compounds with anti-cancer activity against breast cancer.The aim of this study was to assess their potential to inhibit of expression of the leptin gene and its receptor andleptin secretion. Cytotoxic effects of the two agents on combination on T47D breast cancer cells was investigatedby MTT assay test after 24h treatment. With different concentrations the levels of leptin, leptin receptor genesexpression were measured by reverse-transcription real-time PCR. Amount of secreted leptin in the culturemedium was determined by ELISA. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. The silibinin andcurcumin combination inhibited growth of T47D cells in a dose dependent manner. There were also significantdifference between control and treated cells in leptin expression and the quantity of secreted leptin with a relativedecrease in leptin receptor expression. In conclusion, these herbal compounds inhibit the expression and secretionof leptin and it could probably be used as drug candidates for breast cancer therapy through leptin targeting inthe future.
leptin,silibinin,curcumin,breast cancer,T47D cell line
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28339.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28339_abc25a98c431f411599af7c4f7cfbf99.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Associations Between Three Common MicroRNA Polymorphisms and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Chinese
6601
6604
EN
Aim: Associations between polymorphisms in miR-146aG>C, miR-196a2C>T and miR-499A>G and riskof HCC, and interaction with HBV infection in a Chinese population, were the target of the present research.<br/><b>Methods</b>: The duplex polymerase-chain-reaction with confronting-two-pair primers (PCR-RFLP) was performedto determine the genotypes of the miR-146aG>C, miR-196a2C>T and miR-499A>G genotypes. Associations ofpolymorphisms with the risk of HCC were estimated by conditional logistic regression analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: Drinking,family history of cancer, HBsAg and HCV were risk factors for HCC. Multivariate regression analyses showedthat subjects carrying the miR-196a2 CC genotype had significantly increased risk of HCC, with an adjustedOR (95% CI) of 2.18 (1.23-3.80). In addition, cases carrying the miR-196a2 C allele had a 1.64-fold increase inthe risk for HCC (95%CI=1.03-2.49). The miR-196a2 CT and TT genotypes greatly significantly increased therisk of HCC in subjects with HBV infection, with adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 2.02 (1.12-3.68) and 2.69 (1.28-5.71),respectively. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our results demonstrate that miR-196a2 CC genotype and C allele have an importantrole in HCC risk in Chinese, especially in patients with HBV infection.
MicroRNA,polymorphisms,Hepatocellular carcinoma,HBV,risk
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28340.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28340_215a7f5885a41f1791d38d336e3e9d97.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Tumour Suppressive Effects of WEE1 Gene Silencing in Breast Cancer Cells
6605
6611
EN
<b>Background:</b> WEE1 is a G2/M checkpoint regulator protein. Various studies have indicated that WEE1could be a good target for cancer therapy. The main aim of this study was to asssess the tumor suppressivepotential of WEE1 silencing in two different breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 which carries the wild-type p53 andMDA-MB468 which contains a mutant type. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: After WEE1 knockdown with specificshRNAs downstream effects on cell viability and cell cycle progression were determined using MTT and flowcytometry analyses, respectively. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were conducted to assess the effect ofWEE1 inhibition on the expression of apoptotic (p53) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl2) factors and also a growth marker(VEGF). <br/><b>Results</b>: The results showed that WEE1 inhibition could cause a significant decrease in the viability ofboth MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines by more than 50%. Interestingly, DNA content assaysshowed a significant increase in apoptotic cells following WEE1 silencing. WEE1 inhibition also induced upregulationof the apoptotic marker, p53, in breast cancer cells. A significant decrease in the expression of VEGFand Bcl-2 was observed following WEE1 inhibition in both cell lines. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In concordance with previousstudies, our data showed that WEE1 inhibition could induce G2 arrest abrogation and consequent cell deathin breast cancer cells. Moreover, in this study, the observed interactions between the pro- and anti-apoptoticproteins and decrease in the angiogenesis marker expression confirm the susceptibility to apoptosis and validatethe tumor suppressive effect of WEE1 inhibition in breast cancer cells. Interestingly, the levels of the sensitivityto WEE1 silencing in breast cancer cells, MCF7 and MDA-MB468, seem to be in concordance with the level ofp53 expression.
WEE1,breast cancer,shRNA,viability inhibition,G2 arrest abrogation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28341.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28341_a17efb0c644d4ffa805a2717a1d068a8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Polymorphisms in XRCC1 Gene, Alcohol drinking, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Case-control Study in Jiangsu Province of China
6613
6618
EN
To evaluate the relationship between alcohol drinking, XRCC1 codon 194 and 399 polymorphisms and riskof colorectal cancer, we conducted a case-control study with 315 colorectal cancer cases (105 colon, 210 rectal)and 439 population-based controls in Jiangsu Province of China. The XRCC1 codon 194 and 399 genotypes wereidentified using polymerase chain reaction and restrictrion fragment length polymorphism methods (PCR–RFLP).A structured questionnaire was used to elicit detailed information. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with anunconditional logistic model. In this study no significant differences were observed among the studied groupswith regard to the genotype distribution of the XRCC1 codons 194 and 399 and the risk of colorectal cancer didnot appear to be significantly influenced by genotype alone, whereas alcohol consumption showed a positiveassociation (P for trend <0.01). When combined effects of XRCC1 polymorphisms and alcohol consumptionwere analyzed, we found that the 194Trp or 399Gln alleles further increased the colorectal cancer risk due tohigh alcohol intake. These findings support the conclusion that colorectal cancer susceptibility may be alteredby gene-environment interactions.
colorectal cancer,XRCC1,gene polymorphisms,alcohol drinking,Susceptibility
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28342.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28342_ef21de846ef11f7ae1dbd2abf35ce2e0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
High Resolution Melting Analysis for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Tissue and Plasma Free DNA from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
6619
6623
EN
<b>Background:</b>The aim of the research was to explore a cost effective, fast, easy to perform, and sensitive methodfor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing. <br/><b>Methods</b>: High resolution melting analysis (HRM)was introduced to evaluate the efficacy of the analysis for dectecting EGFR mutations in exons 18 to 21 usingformalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and plasma free DNA from 120 patients. <br/><b>Results</b>: The totalEGFR mutation rate was 37.5% (45/120) detected by direct sequencing. There were 48 mutations in 120 FFPEtissues assessed by HRM. For plasma free DNA, the EGFR mutation rate was 25.8% (31/120). The sensitivityof HRM assays in FFPE samples was 100% by HRM. There was a low false-positive mutation rate but a highfalse-negative rate in plasma free DNA detected by HRM. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our results show that HRM analysis hasthe advantage of small tumor sample need. HRM applied with plasma free DNA showed a high false-negativerate but a low false-positive rate. Further research into appropriate methods and analysis needs to be performedbefore HRM for plasma free DNA could be accepted as an option in diagnostic or screening settings.
EGFR mutation,high resolution melting analysis,plasma free DNA,non-small cell lung cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28343.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28343_bdd75ab3dbb529a466313bf1649b6b86.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Expression Analysis of Two Cancer-testis Genes, FBXO39 and TDRD4, in Breast Cancer Tissues and Cell Lines
6625
6629
EN
Breast cancer accounts for one third of new cancer cases among women. The need for biomarkers for earlydetection is the stimulus to researchers to evaluate altered expression of genes in tumours. Cancer-testis (CT)genes are a group with limited expression in normal tissues except testis but up-regulation in a wide varietyof cancers. We here evaluated expression of two CT genes named FBXO39 and TDRD4 in 32 invasive ductalcarcinoma samples, 10 fibroadenomas and 6 normal breast tissue samples, in addition to two breast cancer celllines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, by the means of quantitative real time RT-PCR. FBXO39 showed significantup-regulation in invasive ductal carcinoma samples in comparison with normal samples. It also was expressedin both cell lines and after RHOXF1 gene knock down it was down-regulated in MCF-7 but up-regulated in theMDA-MB-231 cell line. TDRD4 was not expressed in the MCF-7 cell line and any of the tissue samples excepttestis. However, it was expressed in MDA-MB-231 and was up-regulated after RHOXF1 gene knock down. Ourresults show that FBXO39 but not TDRD4 can be used for cancer detection and if proved to be immunogenic,might be a putative candidate for breast cancer immunotherapy.
breast cancer,Cell lines,cancer-testis genes,FBXO39,TDRD4
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28344.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28344_8dd93ac297e43dc6d17f7945f4371ae8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Networks of MicroRNAs and Genes in Retinoblastomas
6631
6636
EN
Through years of effort, researchers have made notable progress in gene and microRNA fields aboutretinoblastoma morbidity. However, experimentally validated data for genes, microRNAs (miRNAs) andtranscription factors (TFs) can only be found in a scattered form, which makes it difficult to conclude therelationship between genes and retinoblastoma systematically. In this study, we regarded genes, miRNAs andTFs as elements in the regulatory network and focused on the relationship between pairs of examples. In thisway, we paid attention to all the elements macroscopically, instead of only researching one or several. To showregulatory relationships over genes, miRNAs and TFs clearly, we constructed 3 regulatory networks hierarchically,including a differentially expressed network, a related network and a global network, for analysis of similaritiesand comparison of differences. After construction of the three networks, important pathways were highlighted.We constructed an upstream and downstream element table of differentially expressed genes and miRNAs, inwhich we found self-adaption relations and circle-regulation. Our study systematically assessed factors in thepathogenesis of retinoblastoma and provided theoretical foundations for gene therapy researchers. In futurestudies, especial attention should be paid to the highlighted genes and miRNAs.
retinoblastoma,MicroRNA,Transcription factor,network,host gene
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28345.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28345_b6b3156e983c3579a4fabb9d415325ad.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Analysis of Radiofrequency Ablation of Small Renal Tumors in Patients at High Anesthetic and Surgical Risk: Urologist Experience with Follow-up Results in the Initial Six Months
6637
6641
EN
<b>Background:</b> To evaluate the results of various types of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment of renaltumors in patients with excessive anesthetic and surgical risk. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Data for RFA performedin in high risk patients were retrospectively evaluated. Other RFA applications in patients with no anestheticand/or surgical risk were excluded. RFA was by ultrasound or CT guided percutaneous (USG/CT-PRFA) andretroperitoneally or transperitoneally laparoscopic (R/T-LRFA) techniques under general or local anethesia.Follow-up data of enhanced CT or MRI after 1, 3 and 6 months were analysed for twelve RFA applications.<br/><b>Results</b>: The RFA applications included 4 (40%) left-sided, 5 (50%) right-sided and 1 (10%) bilaterally RFA(simultaneously 1 right and 2 left). The localizations of tumors were 2 (16.6%) upper, 5 (41.6%) mid and 5(41.6%) lower pole. The RFA applications included 9 (75%) USG-PRFA, 1 (8.3%) CT-PRFA, 1 (8.3%) T-LRFAand 1 (8.3%) R-LRFA. The mean age was 65.3±8.5 (52-76) years. The mean tumor size was 29.6±6.08 (15-40)mm. No complications related to the RFA were encountered in any of the cases. Failure (residual tumour) wasdetermined in 8.3% (1/12) of USG-RFA application. The success rate was thus 91.7% (11/12). Other 1st, 3rd and6th months follow-up data revealed no residua and recurrence. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: RFA application appears to be safeas a less invasive and effective treatment modality in selected cases of small renal tumors in individuals withexcessive anesthetic and also surgical risk.
Endourology,small renal mass,radiofrequency ablation,excessive anesthetical,surgical risk
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28346.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28346_4ada917d0f7403ba63e8842057395e54.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Cigarette Smoking and Breast Cancer: a Case-control Study in Serbia
6643
6647
EN
<b>Background:</b> Despite the fact that breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide, more than halfof the breast cancer risk factors remained unexplained. The aim of this study was to investigate the associationof cigarette smoking with risk of breast cancer. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A case-control study was conductedin the Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Serbia, covering 382 participants (191 cases and 191 controls). In theanalysis of data logistic regression was used. <br/><b>Results</b>: Breast cancer risk was significantly increased in thosewho quit smoking at ≤50 years of age (OR=2.72; 95% confidence interval - 95%CI=1.02-7.27) and in those whoquit smoking less than 5 years before diagnosis of the disease (OR=4.36; 95%CI=1.12-16.88). When smokerswere compared with nonsmokers without passive exposure to smoking, former smoking significantly increasedbreast cancer risk (OR=2.37; 95%CI=1.07-5.24). Risk for breast cancer was significantly increased in those whoquit smoking at ≤50 years of age (OR=3.29; 95%CI=1.17-9.27) and in those who quit smoking less than 5 yearsbefore diagnosis of the disease (OR=5.46; 95%CI=1.34-22.28). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: These data suggest that cigarettesmoking is associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer among former smokers in Serbia.
smoking,breast cancer,risk factor,Case-control study,Serbia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28347.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28347_9a72a27296cf2e9a1e9ed0bcd8f5386d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Meta-analysis of the MDM2 T309G Polymorphism and Gastric Cancer Risk
6649
6651
EN
<b>Background:</b> Mdm2 binds to the amino-terminus of p53 to induce its degradation and a single nucleotidepolymorphism in the MDM2 promoter region (T309G) has been reported to increase the risk of several carcinomas,such as gastric cancer. However, the results of published studies to analyze the association between MDM2 T309Gand gastric cancer havve often conflicted. <br/><b>Methods</b>: To better illustrate the filiation between MDM2 T309G andgastric cancer, we performed a meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were usedto evaluate the strength of the relationship. The pooled ORs were performed for 4 models, additive, recessive,co-dominant model, and dominant. <br/><b>Results</b>: Nine published case-control studies including 3,225 gastric cancercases and 4,118 controls were identified. The MDM2 T309G polymorphism was associated with a significantlyincreased risk of gastric cancer risk when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis (GG versus TT, OR=1.57;95%CI=1.57-2.12; p=0.003) and GG versus GT/TT, OR=1.52; 95%CI=1.217-1.90; p<0.001). Furthermore, Egger’stest did not show any evidence of publication bias (P = 0.608 for GG versus TT). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our results suggestthat the MDM2 T309G polymorphism is indeed associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer.
Gastric cancer,MDM2 T309G,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28348.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28348_4150f3957e2f17b99e407da61d1eeaaf.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Lack of KRAS Gene Mutations in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Iran
6653
6656
EN
<b>Background:</b> The single most common proto-oncogene change in human neoplasms is a point mutation in RASgenes. A wide range of variation in frequency of KRAS mutations has been seen in hematologic malignancies.Despite this, RAS roles in leukemogenesis remain unclear. The frequency of KRAS mutations in CML has beenreported to be between zero an 10%. Many attempts have been done to develop an anti-RAS drug as a therapeutictarget. . Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This cross sectional study was performed in Mashhad University of MedicalSciences, Mashhad, Iran from 2010-2012. In 78 CML patients (diagnosed according to WHO 2008 criteria)in chronic or accelerated phases, KRAS mutations in codons 12 and 13 were analyzed using a modified PCRrestrictionfragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. <br/><b>Results</b>: We did not detect any KRAS mutations inthis study. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: KRAS mutations are overall rare in early phase CML and might be secondary eventshappening late in leukemogenesis cooperating with initial genetic lesions.
Leukemia,myelogenous,Chronic,BCR-ABL positive,KRAS protein,Mutation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28349.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28349_6ffd2c965784007bef1b0a526128e132.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) Phytochemicals with Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Potential
6657
6662
EN
<b>Background:</b> The objective of this study was to investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity ofcabbage phytochemicals. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Color coordinates were evaluated by colorimetry, and theantioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were analyzed by spectrophotometer for some common cabbagevarieties. <br/><b>Results</b>: Red heads had the highest total antioxidant contents followed by Savoy, Chinese and greenheads. The Chinese variety had the highest ABTS (2,2-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-sulfonic acid) antioxidantactivity, was 5.72 μmol TE/g fw (Trolox equivalent). The green variety had the highest DPPH (free radicalscavenging activity) antioxidant activity, which was 91.2 μmol TE/g fw. The red variety had the highest FRAP(ferric reducing antioxidant power) antioxidant activity, which was 80.8 μmol TE/g fw. The total phenol amountswere 17.2–32.6 mM trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and the total flavonoid amounts were 40.0–74.2mg quercetin per gram. Methanolic extracts of different cabbage heads showed different anti-inflammatoryactivity values. Chinese, Savoy and green heads had the highest anti-inflammatory activity, while red heads hadthe lowest. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results suggest that these varieties of cabbage heads could contribute as sources ofimportant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory related to the prevention of chronic diseases associated to oxidativestress, such as in cancer and coronary artery disease.
Cabbage head,Antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,cell
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28350.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28350_52583657b77af22c1a222d7c5934562a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Pemetrexed as a Component of First-, Second- and Thirdline Chemotherapy in Treating Patients with Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma
6663
6667
EN
Purpose: The current research was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed givencontinuously as a basement agent for first-, second- to third line chemotherapy of patients with metastatic lungadenocarcinoma. Patients and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma who were diagnosed inJiangsu Cancer Hospital and Research Insitute, were enrolled. All received pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 (intravenous; onday 1), and another chemotherapieutic agent every 3 weeks until disease progression, or intolerable toxicity. Thenthe patients were changed to a second line chemotherapy that was still based on pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 and anotherchemotherapeutic agent differing from the first line example, until disease progression, or intolerable toxicity.When third line chemotherapy was needed, pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 and another new chemotherapeutic agentwere combined until disease progression. Evaluation of efficacy was conducted after two cycles of chemotherapyusing the Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors. Toxicity was recorded according to NCI Criteria forAdverse Events version 3.0. <br/><b>Results</b>: From January 2010 to September 2013, 15 patients were enrolled. Theirmedian age was 56 years (range 43 to 77 years). Eight patients were male and 7 female. Five patients (33.3%)achieved PR, while 6 patients (40.0%) remained stable, no CR on first line; and 1 PR (7.7%), 5 stable (38.5%)were recorded when pemetrexed was ordered in second line; 5 patients (41.7%) were stable after pemetrexedwas combined in third line; no complete response was observed. Main side effects were grade 1 to 2 neutrophilsuppression and thrombocytopenia. Other toxicities included elevated transaminase and oral mucositis, butno treatment related death occurred. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Pemetrexed continuously as a basement agent from first-,second- to third line chemotherapy is mildly effective in treating patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinomawith tolerable toxicity.
Pemetrexed,Lung Adenocarcinoma,first-third line therapies,Toxicity,Efficacy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28351.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28351_a2a688b34dd778c28d1d8589099798c5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Luteolin, a Bioflavonoid, Attenuates Azoxymethane-Induced Effects on Mitochondrial Enzymes in Balb/c Mice
6669
6672
EN
Colon cancer (CRC) is a serious health problem throughout the world. Development of novel drugs without sideeffects for this cancer is crucial. Luteolin (LUT), a bioflavonoid, has many beneficial effects such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative potential. was a potent chemical carcinogen used for the induction ofcolon cancer. Colon carcinogenesis was initiated by intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) to mice atthe dose of 15 mg/body kg weight in Balb/C mice for 3 weeks. Mice were treated with LUT at the dose of 1.2 mg/body kg weight orally. Mitochondrial enzymes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), α-keto dehydrogenase(α-KDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and the activities of respiratory chain enzymes NADH dehydrogenaseand cytochrome c oxidase were found to be elevated in AOM-treated animals. Treatment with LUT decreased theactivities of all the parameters significantly. Hence, LUT might be a potent anticancer agent against colorectalcancer.
Colon cancer,luteolin,azoxymethane,Chemoprevention,mitochondrial enzymes
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28352.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28352_01aa08989ad8b9e4331ec7f1c6c2b050.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Calpain-10 SNP43 and SNP19 Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancer: a Matched Case-control Study
6673
6680
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: Insulin resistance (IR) is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Given thatCRC and IR physiologically overlap and the calpain-10 gene (CAPN10) is a candidate for IR, we explored theassociation between CAPN10 and CRC risk. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Blood samples of 400 case-control pairs were genotyped,and the lifestyle and dietary habits of these pairs were recorded and collected. Unconditional logistic regression(LR) was used to assess the effects of CAPN10 SNP43 and SNP19, and environmental factors. Both generalizedmultifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) and the classification and regression tree (CART) were used to testgene-environment interactions for CRC risk. <br/><b>Results</b>: The GA+AA genotype of SNP43 and the Del/Ins+Ins/Insgenotype of SNP19 were marginally related to CRC risk (GA+AA: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.92-1.99; Del/Ins+Ins/Ins: OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 0.84-2.04). Notably, a high-order interaction was consistently identified by GMDRand CART analyses. In GMDR, the four-factor interaction model of SNP43, SNP19, red meat consumption, andsmoked meat consumption was the best model, with a maximum cross-validation consistency of 10/10 and testingbalance accuracy of 0.61 (P < 0.01). In LR, subjects with high red and smoked meat consumption and two riskgenotypes had a 6.17-fold CRC risk (95% CI = 2.44-15.6) relative to that of subjects with low red and smokedmeat consumption and null risk genotypes. In CART, individuals with high smoked and red meat consumption,SNP19 Del/Ins+Ins/Ins, and SNP43 GA+AA had higher CRC risk (OR = 4.56, 95%CI = 1.94-10.75) than thosewith low smoked and red meat consumption. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Though the single loci of CAPN10 SNP43 and SNP19are not enough to significantly increase the CRC susceptibility, the combination of SNP43, SNP19, red meatconsumption, and smoked meat consumption is associated with elevated risk.
Calpain-10 gene,Genetic polymorphism,Interaction,colorectal cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28353.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28353_4c3b3ffe484402dca26780e3fc79a638.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Risk of Treatment-related Mortality with Sorafenib in Patients with Cancer
6681
6686
EN
<b>Background:</b> Fatal adverse events (FAEs) have been reported with sorafenib, a vascular endothelial growthfactor receptor kinase inhibitor (VEGFR TKI). We here performed an up-to-date and detailed meta-analysis todetermine the overall risk of FAEs associated with sorafenib. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Databases, including PubMed, Embaseand Web of Science, and abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meetingswere searched to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials evaluatingsorafenib effects in patients with all malignancies. Summary incidence rates, relative risks (RRs), and 95%confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for FAEs. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed accordingto tumor type and therapy regimen. <br/><b>Results</b>: 13 trials recruiting 5,546 patients were included in our analysis.The overall incidence of FAEs with sorafenib was 1.99% (95%CI, 0.98-4.02%). Patients treated with sorafenibhad a significantly increased risk of FAEs compared with patients treated with control medication, with an RR of1.77 (95%CI 1.25-2.52, P=0.001). Risk varied with tumour type, but appeared independent of therapy regimen.A significantly increased risk of FAEs was observed in patients with lung cancer (RR 2.26; 95% CI 1.03-4.99;P= 0.043) and renal cancer (RR 1.84; 95% CI 1.15-2.94; P= 0.011). The most common causes of FAEs werehemorrhage (8.6%) and thrombus or embolism (4.9%). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: It is important for health care practitionersto be aware of the risks of FAEs associated with sorafenib, especially in patients with renal and lung cancer.
sorafenib,epidermal growth factor receptor-2,fatal adverse events,mortality,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28354.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28354_fa085a5e45e8fb9cf88fe93dd3cf20fb.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Survival Analysis and Prognostic Factors for Neuroendocrine Tumors in Turkey
6687
6692
EN
<b>Background:</b> This study aimed to determine the demographical distribution, survival and prognosticfactors for neuroendocrine tumors monitored in our clinic. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Data for 52 patients whowere admitted to Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty Training Research and Practice Hospital OncologyCenter between 2006 and 2012 and were diagnosed and treated for neuroendocrine tumors were investigated.<br/><b>Results</b>: Of the total, 30 (58%) were females and 22 (42%) were males. The localization of the disease wasgastroenteropancreatic in 29 (56%) patients and other sites in 23 (44%). The most frequently involved organin the gastroenteropancreatic system was the stomach (n=10, 19%) and the most frequently involved organ inother regions was the lungs (n=10, 19%). No correlation was found between immunohistochemical stainingfor proteins such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and NSE and the grade of the tumor. The patients werefollowed-up at a median of 24 months (1-90 months). The three-year overall survival rate was 71%: 100% instage I, 88% in stage II, 80% in stage III, and 40% in stage IV. The three-year survival rate was 78% in tumorslocalized in the gastroenteropancreatic region, and 54% in tumors localized in other organs. In the univariateanalysis, gender, age, performance status of the patients, grade, localization, surgical treatment, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (≤5 versus >5) affected the prognosis of the patients. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Most of the tumors werelocalized in the gastroenteropancreatic region, and the three-year survival rate in tumors localized in this regionwas better than the tumors localized in other sites. Surgical treatment was a positive independent prognosticfactor, whereas Grade 3 and a neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio of >5 were negative independent prognostic factors.
Neuroendocrine tumors,survival,Prognostic factors,Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28355.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28355_0f301b7a04b742235585f12ce390d901.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Clinical Outcomes of Cases with Cervical Dysplasia Absent in Cold Knife Conization Specimens
6693
6696
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cold knife conization is a surgical procedure that allows both diagnosis and treatment of cervicallesions at the same time. It is mainly performed for indications of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN). In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical outcome of cases without CIN in cold knife conizationspecimen, following a high-grade lesion (CIN2/3) in cervical biopsy. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We performed aretrospective cohort study at a tertiary referral hospital between January 1st 2008 and August 1st 2012. Cases thatunderwent cold knife conization for CIN2/3 within the study period were included. Cone-negative (Group 1) andcone-positive (Group 2) cases were analyzed for various clinical parameters, and were compared in the 1-yearpost-conization period for histological recurrence and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA status. <br/><b>Results</b>: A totalof 173 women underwent cold knife conization for CIN2/3 within the study period. Twenty-two cases (12.7%)were included in Group 1 and 151 cases (87.3%) in Group 2. There were no significant differences between thetwo groups in terms of age, gravidity, parity, menopausal status and HPV-DNA status (pre-conization and 1year post-conization) (p>0.05). Recurrence rates were also similar between the groups (9.1% vs 9.9%, p>0.05).<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Clinical outcomes were similar in terms of histological recurrence and HPV persistence after 1year of follow-up between cone-negative and cone-positive cases. Clinical follow-up of cone-negative cases shouldtherefore be performed similar to cone-positive cases.
cold knife conization,human papillomavirus,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28356.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28356_1702f3275bb6edd1f0623ffdb50b3ff6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Experimental Study of Endostar Injection Concomitant with Cryoablation on Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Xenografts
6697
6701
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To explore the inhibiting effect and mechanism of Endostar injection concomitant with cryoablationon lung adenocarcinoma A549 xenografts in nude mice. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 24 nude mice withsubcutaneous xenografts of the A549 cell line were established and divided into 4 groups when the maximaldiameters of tumors became 1 cm: control group, Endostar group, cryoablation group and combination group(Endostar concomitant with cryoablation). The nude mice were sacrificed after 21-days treatment, tumourtissues were removed to measure their volume, in situ test of TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)was adopted to determine the cellular apoptosis around freezing injury zones, and immunohistochemical SPtest was applied for the detection of micro-vessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)expression levels. <br/><b>Results</b>: At 21-days after treatment, the growth velocities of control group, Endostar group,cryoablation group and combination group were 236.7±51.2%, 220.0±30.6%, 159.5±29.3% and 103.3±25.5%(P<0.01), while cellular apoptosis rates of tumors were 21.7±2.34%, (22.17±1.47)%, 38.3±1.37% and 49.2±1.72%,(P<0.01), respectively, according to the immunohistochemical test. MVD and VEGF expression levels in thecombination group were both lower than in other groups (P<0.01), also being positively related (r=0.925, P<0.01).<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Endostar can significantly improve the inhibitory effects of cryoablation on xenografts of lungadenocarcinoma A549, and the mechanism is probably associated with its function as an inhibitor of tumourneo-angiogenesis through down-regulating VEGF expression.
Endostar,cryoablation,lung adenocarcinoma A549 xenografts,VEGF,micro-vessel density
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28357.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28357_b73d5aa2390c1644e5b58640f2cd6c3b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Association Between the XRCC3 Thr241Met Polymorphism and Cervical Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis
6703
6707
EN
<b>Background:</b> Numerous epidemiological studies have been conducted to evaluate the association betweenvariants of the DNA repair gene XRCC3 and cancer risk. Here we focused on one XRCC3 polymorphism anddevelopment of cervical cancer, performing a meta-analysis. <br/><b>Methods</b>: The pooled association between theXRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and cervical cancer risk was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) and their 95%confidence intervals (95%CIs). <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 5 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooledORs for the total included studies showed no association among homozygotes TT vs. CC: OR=1.93, 95%CI=0.68-5.49, P=0.22; dominant model TT+TC vs. CC: OR=1.37, 95%CI=0.90-2.06, P=0.14; and recessive model TT vs.TC+CC: OR=1.76, 95%CI=0.68-4.55, P=0.25, but might be a slight risk factor for cervical cancer in heterozygotecontrast TT vs. CT: OR= 1.33, 95%CI=1.04-1.71, P=0.02. In subgroup analysis, significant associations werefound for Asians under all genetic models. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our meta-analysis suggested the XRCC3 Thr241Metpolymorphism might not act as a cervical cancer risk factor overall. However, in subgroup analysis, a significantassociation was found in Asians under all genetic models. The association should be studied with a larger, stratifiedpopulation, especially for Asians.
cervical cancer,XRCC3,Polymorphism,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28172.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28172_cc64264ec0fd1264aaf2c3ce8a6fd38a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Cytokinetic Study of MCF-7 Cells Treated with Commercial and Recombinant Bromelain
6709
6714
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women. The available chemotherapy drugs havebeen associated with many side effects. Bromelain has novel medicinal qualities including anti-inflammatory,anti-thrombotic, fibrinolytic and anti-cancer functions. Commercially available bromelain is obtained throughtedious methods; therefore, recombinant bromelain may provide a cheaper and simpler choice with similarquality. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This study aimed to assess the effects of commercial and recombinant bromelainon the cytokinetic behavior of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and their potential as therapeutic alternatives incancer treatment. Cytotoxic activities of commercial and recombinant bromelain were determined using(sulforhodamine) SRB assay. Next, cell viability assays were conducted to determine effects of commercial andrecombinant bromelain on MCF-7 cell cytokinetic behavior. Finally, the established growth kinetic data were usedto modify a model that predicts the effects of commercial and recombinant bromelain on MCF-7 cells. <br/><b>Results</b>:Commercial and recombinant bromelain exerted strong effects towards decreasing the cell viability of MCF-7cells with IC50 values of 5.13 μg/mL and 6.25 μg/mL, respectively, compared to taxol with an IC50 value of 0.063μg/mL. The present results indicate that commercial and recombinant bromelain both have anti-proliferativeactivity, reduced the number of cell generations from 3.92 to 2.81 for commercial bromelain and to 2.86 forrecombinant bromelain, while with taxol reduction was to 3.12. Microscopic observation of bromelain-treatedMCF-7 cells demonstrated detachment. Inhibition activity was verified with growth rates decreased dynamicallyfrom 0.009 h-1 to 0.0059 h-1 for commercial bromelain and to 0.0063 h-1 for recombinant bromelain. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Commercial and recombinant bromelain both affect cytokinetics of MCF-7 cells by decreasing cell viability,demonstrating similar strength to taxol.
Bromelain,Cell Viability,Growth Kinetics,MCF-7 Cells,Recombinant
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28173.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28173_1d4ee0c07f3cd4c5c27c8bd24ade4df3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Analysis on Survival and Prognostic Factors for Cancer Patients with Malignancy-associated Hypercalcemia
6715
6719
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To explore the incidence, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment strategies, prognosisof patients with malignancy-associated hypercalcemia (MAH). <br/><b>Methods</b>: The data of 115 patients with MAHwho were treated at the Medical Oncology Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital from Jan., 2001 toDec., 2010 was retrospectively reviewed. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method andthe Cox proportional hazard model with statistic software SPSS 18.0. <br/><b>Results</b>: The patients had blood calciumlevels ranging from 2.77 to 4.87 mmol/L. Except for 9 cases who died or were discharged within 5 days afteradmission, all other patients recovered to normal blood calcium level after treatment with bisphosphonates orintravenous hydration and diuretics; their survival after occurrence of MAH was from 1 day to 4,051 days, andthe median survival time was only 50 days. In the log-rank test, the male, renal metastasis, central nervous systemsymptoms and hypercalcemia occurring over 140 days after cancer diagnosis were predictors of poor survival(P=0.002, P=0.046, P=0.000, P=0.009). In the COX analysis, being male, central nervous system symptoms andhypercalcemia lasting over 140 days after cancer diagnosis were independent prognostic factors for survival time(RR=2.131, P=0.027; RR=3.054, P=0.002; RR=2.403, P=0.001). According to these factors, a score system wasestablished to predict the patient prognosis and adjust the treatment. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Cancer patients with MAHhave an extremely poor median survival. Some independent factors indicate poor prognosis, including malegender, central nervous system symptoms and hypercalcemia lasting over 140 days after cancer diagnosis. Theprognostic score can serve as a reference for MAH prognosis and treatment, worthy of further investigation.
Hypercalcemia,cancer,Prognostic factor,Gender,CNS symptoms
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28174.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28174_62e595aef0ceb884d325f168808e88ce.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Disease Progression from Chronic Hepatitis C to Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma is Associated with Increasing DNA Promoter Methylation
6721
6726
EN
<b>Background:</b> Changes in DNA methylation patterns are believed to be early events in hepatocarcinogenesis.A better understanding of methylation states and how they correlate with disease progression will aid in findingpotential strategies for early detection of HCC. The aim of our study was to analyze the methylation frequencyof tumor suppressor genes, P14, P15, and P73, and a mismatch repair gene (O6MGMT) in HCV related chronicliver disease and HCC to identify candidate epigenetic biomarkers for HCC prediction. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:516 Egyptian patients with HCV-related liver disease were recruited from Kasr Alaini multidisciplinary HCCclinic from April 2010 to January 2012. Subjects were divided into 4 different clinically defined groups - HCCgroup (n=208), liver cirrhosis group (n=108), chronic hepatitis C group (n=100), and control group (n=100) - toanalyze the methylation status of the target genes in patient plasma using EpiTect Methyl qPCR Array technology.Methylation was considered to be hypermethylated if >10% and/or intermediately methylated if >60%. <br/><b>Results</b>:In our series, a significant difference in the hypermethylation status of all studied genes was noted within thedifferent stages of chronic liver disease and ultimately HCC. Hypermethylation of the P14 gene was detected in100/208 (48.1%), 52/108 (48.1%), 16/100 (16%) and 8/100 (8%) among HCC, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitisand control groups, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the studied groups (p-value0.008). We also detected P15 hypermethylation in 92/208 (44.2%), 36/108 (33.3%), 20/100 (20%) and 4/100 (4%), respectively (p-value 0.006). In addition, hypermethylation of P73 was detected in 136/208 (65.4%), 72/108(66.7%), 32/100 (32%) and 4/100 (4%) (p-value <0.001). Also, we detected O6MGMT hypermethylation in84/208 (40.4%), 60/108 (55.3%), 20/100 (20%) and 4/100 (4%), respectively (p value <0.001. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Theepigenetic changes observed in this study indicate that HCC tumors exhibit specific DNA methylation signatureswith potential clinical applications in diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, methylation frequency could be usedto monitor whether a patient with chronic hepatitis C is likely to progress to liver cirrhosis or even HCC. Wecan conclude that methylation processes are not just early events in hepatocarcinogenesis but accumulate withprogression to cancer.
HCV,cirrhosis,Hepatocellular carcinoma,tumor suppressor gene methylation,progression
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28358.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28358_5d91f10454311bdb649383345fdcc8cd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Increased Risk of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma with Combined Effects of Homologous Recombination Repair Gene Polymorphisms in an Iranian Population
6727
6731
EN
Homologous recombination (HR) repair has a crucial role to play in the prevention of chromosomal instability,and it is clear that defects in some HR repair genes are associated with many cancers. To evaluate the potentialeffect of some HR repair gene polymorphisms with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), we assessed Rad51(135G>C), Rad52 (2259C>T), XRCC2 (R188H) and XRCC3 (T241M) polymorphisms in Iranian DTC patientsand cancer-free controls. In addition, haplotype analysis and gene combination assessment were carried out.Genotyping of Rad51 (135G>C), Rad52 (2259C>T) and XRCC3 (T241M) polymorphisms was determined byPCR-RFLP and PCR-HRM analysis was carried out to evaluate XRCC2 (R188H) . Separately, Rad51, Rad52 andXRCC2 polymorphisms were not shown to be more significant in patients when compared to controls in crude,sex-adjusted and age-adjusted form. However, results indicated a significant difference in XRCC3 genotypes forpatients when compared to controls (p value: 0.035). The GCTG haplotype demonstrated a significant difference(p value: 0.047). When compared to the wild type, the combined variant form of Rad52/XRCC2/XRCC3 revealedan elevated risk of DTC (p value: 0.007). It is recommended that Rad52 2259C>T, XRCC2 R188H and XRCC3T241M polymorphisms should be simultaneously considered as contributing to a polygenic risk of differentiatedthyroid carcinoma.
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma,Polymorphism,homologous recombination repair genes
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28359.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28359_d3e0d2b2f3bbd3c264aa942407299d70.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Association of 8 Loci on Chromosome 8q24 with Prostate Carcinoma Risk in Northern Chinese Men
6733
6738
EN
Multiple genetic studies have confirmed association of 8q24 variants with susceptibility to prostate cancer(PCa). As PCa risk SNPs may also influence disease outcome, we studied here eight 8q24 risk alleles, andevaluated their role in PCa clinical covariates in northern Chinese men. Blood samples and clinical informationwere collected from ethnically Chinese men from Northern China with histologically-confirmed PCa (n=289)and from age-matched normal controls (n=288). Eight 8q24 SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reactionhigh-resolution melting analysis in 577 subjects. We examined the prevalence distribution of 8q24 risk alleles andanalyzed the associations between the risk allele and PCa and clinical covariates to infer their impact on aggressivePCa. Three of the eight SNPs were associated with PCa risk in northern Chinese men, including rs16901966 (OR1.31, 95% CI 1.01-1.70, p=0.042), rs1447295 (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.09-1.98, p=0.011) and rs10090154 (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.14-2.12, p=0.005). Haplotype analysis based association with the risk alleles revealed significant differencesbetween cases and controls (OR 1.43, 95%CI 0.99-2.06, p=0.049). The risk alleles rs16901966, rs1447295 andrs10090154 were associated with age at diagnosis and tumor stage as compared with controls, while rs16901966was associated with aggressive PCa (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.01-2.03, p=0.042). The evidence for 8q24 SNPs with PCarisk in northern Chinese men showed rs16901966, rs1447295 and rs10090154 at 8q24 (region 1, region 2) to bestrongly associated with PCa and clinical covariates. The three SNPs at 8q24 could be PCa susceptible geneticmarkers in northern Chinese men.
Prostate Cancer,association,Northern Chinese,8q24
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28360.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28360_70a7e4dd137e3684c015a2f112a938f3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Oleuropein Induces Apoptosis Via the p53 Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells
6739
6742
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer is a major health problem worldwide. Olive oil induces apoptosis in some cancercells due to phenolic compounds like oleuropein. Although oleuropein has anticancer activity, the underlyingmechanisms of action remain unknown. The study aimed to assess the mechanism of oleuropin-inducedbreast cancer cell apoptosis. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: p53, Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression was evaluated bysemi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in luminal MCF-7 cells. <br/><b>Results</b>:Oleuropein-induced apoptosis was accompanied by up-regulation of both p53 and Bax gene expression levels anddown-regulation in Bcl2. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Oleuropein induces apoptosis in breast tumour cells via a p53-dependentpathway mediated by Bax and Bcl2 genes. Therefore, oleuropein may have therapeutic potential in breast cancerpatients by inducing apoptosis via activation of the p53 pathway.
Apoptotic pathway,Bax gene,breast cancer,Bcl2 gene,Oleuropein,p53 gene,semi-quantitative RT-PCR
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28361.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28361_28a03c0304d59f02bc00dc5327dd579d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case-control Study with Meta-analysis Combined
6743
6749
EN
Molecular epidemiological studies have shown that gene polymorphisms of estrogen receptor alpha gene(ESR-α) are associated with breast cancer risk. However, previous results from many molecular studies havebeen inconsistent. In this study, we examined two polymorphisms (PvuII and XbaI RFLPs) of the ESR-αgene in 542 breast cancer cases and 1,016 controls from China. Associations between the polymorphisms andbreast cancer risk were calculated with an unconditional logistic regression model. Linkage disequilibrium andhaplotypes were analyzed with the SHEsis software. In addition, we also performed a systematic meta-analysisof 24 published studies evaluating the association. No significant associations were found between the PvuIIpolymorphism and breast cancer risk. However, a significantly decreased risk of breast cancer was observedamong carriers of the XbaI ‘G’ allele (age-adjusted OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.66- 0.97) compared with carriers ofthe ‘A’ allele. Haplotype analysis showed significantly decreased cancer risk for carriers of the ‘CG’ haplotype(OR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.66- 0.96). In the systematic meta-analysis, the XbaI ‘G’ allele was associated with anoverall significantly decreased risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.82- 1.00). In addition, the PvuII‘C’ allele showed a 0.96- fold decreased disease risk (95% CI = 0.92- 0.99). In subgroup analysis, an associationbetween the PvuII ‘C’ and XbaI ‘G’ alleles and breast cancer risk was significant in Asians (‘C’ vs. ‘T’: OR =0.93, 95% CI = 0.85- 1.00; ‘G’ vs. ‘A’: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68- 0.98), but not in Euro-Americans. Thus, ourresults provide evidence that ESR-α polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to breast cancer. Theseassociations may largely depend on population characteristics and geographic location.
Estrogen Receptor,Polymorphism,breast cancer,risk,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28362.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28362_8e3916ab1426f00accca00db9df55868.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Comparison between Parametric and Semi-parametric Cox Models in Modeling Transition Rates of a Multi-state Model: Application in Patients with Gastric Cancer Undergoing Surgery at the Iran Cancer Institute
6751
6755
EN
<b>Background:</b> Research on cancers with a high rate of mortality such as those occurring in the stomachrequires using models which can provide a closer examination of disease processes and provide researcherswith more accurate data. Various models have been designed based on this issue and the present study aimedat evaluating such models. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Data from 330 patients with gastric cancer undergoingsurgery at Iran Cancer Institute from 1995 to 1999 were analyzed. Cox-Snell Residuals and Akaike InformationCriterion were used to compare parametric and semi-parametric Cox models in modeling transition ratesamong different states of a multi-state model. R 2.15.1 software was used for all data analyses. <br/><b>Results</b>: Analysisof Cox-Snell Residuals and Akaike Information Criterion for all probable transitions among different statesrevealed that parametric models represented a better fitness. Log-logistic, Gompertz and Log-normal modelswere good choices for modeling transition rate for relapse hazard (state 1"state 2), death hazard without arelapse (state 1"state 3) and death hazard with a relapse (state 2"state 3), respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Althoughthe semi-parametric Cox model is often used by most cancer researchers in modeling transition rates of multistatemodels, parametric models in similar situations- as they do not need proportional hazards assumptionand consider a specific statistical distribution for time to occurrence of next state in case this assumption is notmade - are more credible alternatives.
Gastric cancer,multi-state model,Parametric model,proportional hazards model,transition rate
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28363.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28363_cfb37473329b91f7ddc18fdc5a16e0c2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Knockdown of MDR1 Increases the Sensitivity to Adriamycin in Drug Resistant Gastric Cancer Cells
6757
6760
EN
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequently occurring malignancies in the world. Development of multipledrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapy is known as the major cause of treatment failure for gastric cancer.Multiple drug resistance 1/P-glycoprotein (MDR1/p-gp) contributes to drug resistance via ATP-dependent drugefflux pumps and is overexpressed in many solid tumors including gastric cancer. To investigate the role of MDR1knockdown on drug resistance reversal, we knocked down MDR1 expression using shRNA in drug resistantgastric cancer cells and examined the consequences with regard to adriamycin (ADR) accumulation and drugsensitivity.Two shRNAs efficiently inhibited mRNA and protein expression of MDR1 in SGC7901-MDR1 cells.MDR1 knockdown obviously decreased the ADR accumulation in cells and increased the sensitivity to ADRtreatment. Together, our results revealed a crucial role of MDR1 in drug resistance and confirmed that MDR1knockdown could reverse this phenotype in gastric cancer cells.
Gastric cancer cell,MDR1,Drug resistance,adriamycin
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28364.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28364_0a437b1312aa3043306856bc8a1e5f48.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Influence of 17β-Estradiol on 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14 Prostaglandin J2 -Induced Apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Cells
6761
6767
EN
The nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), is expressed in variouscancer cells including breast, prostate, colorectal and cervical examples. An endogenous ligand of PPARγ,15-deoxy-Δ12,14 prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2), is emerging as a potent anticancer agent but the exact mechanismhas not been fully elucidated, especially in breast cancer. The present study compared the anticancer effects ofPGJ2 on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive (MCF-7) and ERα-negative (MDA-MB-231) human breastcancer cells. Based on the reported signalling cross-talk between PPARγ and ERα, the effect of the ERα ligand,17β-estradiol (E2) on the anticancer activities of PGJ2 in both types of cells was also explored. Here we reportthat PGJ2 inhibited proliferation of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by inducing apoptotic cell death withactive involvement of mitochondria. The presence of E2 potentiated PGJ2-induced apoptosis in MCF-7, but notin MDA-MB-231 cells. The PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, failed to block PGJ2-induced activities but potentiatedits effects in MCF-7 cells, instead. Interestingly, GW9662 also proved capable of inducing apoptotic cell death.It can be concluded that E2 enhances PPARγ-independent anticancer effects of PGJ2 in the presence of itsreceptor.
15 deoxy-prostaglandin J2,17β-estradiol,Apoptosis,MCF-7,MDA-MB-231,GW9662
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28365.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28365_047e17cc3687ce57b5bac355dee9943d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Incidence of Adverse Transition in Smoking Stages among Adolescents of Kinta, Perak
6769
6773
EN
<b>Background:</b> Few local studies have explored the process of adverse transition of smoking stages amongadolescents. The present investigation aimed to identify adverse transitions prospectively from the early stagestill the escalation of the stages after one year. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Data were collected in two waves froma cohort of 2,552 adolescents aged 12-13 years old studying in 15 secondary schools based in Kinta, Perak. Amultistage sampling method was used to select the schools and a self-administered structured questionnairewas applied to help categorize the participants into five different smoking stages. Nonsmokers were dividedinto never smokers and susceptible never smokers. Ever-smokers were categorized as experimenters, currentsmokers or ex-smokers. <br/><b>Results</b>: Among the participants 46.8% were Malay, 33.5% Chinese and 17.1% Indians.At baseline, we had 85.3% non-smokers and 14.6% ever smokers. Incidence of adverse transition among all ourparticipants was 24.1%, with a higher value among male participants (16.8%). A higher proportion of susceptiblenever smokers and experimenters progressed to current smoking stage compared to never smokers. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:This study highlights the changes and patterns of adverse transition among adolescents. Male adolescents, thosewho are susceptible to smoking and those who had already tried experimenting with cigarettes have a higherchance of escalating to a higher smoking stage.
Adolescents - smoking stages - adverse transition - Perak,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28366.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28366_e498764fcc250f16cf09e652f34981f7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Determination of Knowledge of Turkish Midwifery Students about Human Papilloma Virus Infection and its Vaccines
6775
6778
EN
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted agents and its infection isthe most established cause of cervical cancer. Midwives play a key position in the implementation of cervicalcancer. This descriptive study aimed to determine the level of knowledge concerning HPV and HPV vaccinationamong 268 midwifery students. Data were collected between November 15 and 30, 2011, through a self-reportedquestionnaire. The mean age of participants was 20.75±1.60. Among all students, 44.4% had heard of HPV, while40.4% had heard of HPV vaccinatiob. The relationship between the midwifery student knowledge on HPV andHPV vaccine and their current educational year was significant (p=0.001). In conclusion midwifery studentshave moderate level of knowledge about HPV and its vaccine and relevant information should be included intheir teaching curriculum.
Human papilloma virus,Vaccination,midwifery student knowledge,cervical cancer prevention
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28367.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28367_8fb4b17092839150c9e271b133ad3fbc.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
The XRCC1 Arg399Gln Gene Polymorphism and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Study in Kashmir
6779
6782
EN
<b>Background:</b> The DNA repair gene XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism has been found to be implicatedin the development of various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), in different populations. We aimedto determine any association of this polymorphism with the risk of CRC in Kashmir. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:A total of 120 confirmed cases of CRC and 146 healthy cancer free controls from the Kashmiri population wereincluded in this study. Genotyping was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment lengthpolymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. <br/><b>Results</b>: Genotype frequencies of XRCC1 Arg399Gln observed in controlswere 34.2%, 42.5% and 23.3% for GG (Arg/Arg), GA (Arg/Gln), AA( Gln/Gln), respectively, and 28.3%, 66.7%and 5% in cases, with an odds ratio (OR)=5.7 and 95% confidence interval (CI) =2.3-14.1 (p=0.0001). No significantassociation of Arg399Gln SNP with any clinicopathological parameters of CRC was found. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Wefound the protective role of 399Gln allele against risk to the development of CRC. The XRCC1 heterozygotestatus appears to be a strong risk factor for CRC development in the Kashmiri population.
X-ray cross complementing gene,SNP,DNA Repair,colorectal cancer,kashmiri population
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28368.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28368_8b1a52ee74bc741819c04937f0250e8c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Breast Cancer Knowledge and Screening Behaviour among Women with a Positive Family History: A Cross Sectional Study
6783
6790
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer is the commonest type of cancer among women, and in Malaysia 50-60% of thenew cases are being detected at late stages. Do age, education level, income, ethnicity, relationship with breastcancer patients and knowledge of breast cancer risk factors influence breast screening practices? This studyrevealed interesting but significant differences. <br/><b>Objectives</b>: To assess the knowledge of breast cancer risk factorsand early detection measures among women in a high risk group. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A cross sectionalsurvey of one hundred and thirty one women relatives of breast cancer patients was carried out. Participantswere selected through purposive sampling, during hospital visits. A self-administered questionnaire was used fordata collection. <br/><b>Results</b>: The majority of the respondents (71%) had poor knowledge of the risk factors for breastcancer. Income, relationship with a patient and practise of breast cancer screening predicted performance ofmammography, R2=0.467, F=12.568, p<0.0001. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The finding shows inadequate knowledge of breastcancer risk factors and poor cancer screening practise among women with family history of breast cancer. Poorknowledge and practise of breast screening are likely to lead to late stage presentation of breast cancer disease.Some important predictors of breast cancer screening behaviour among women with positive family historyof breast cancer were identified. An understanding of the strengths and significance of the association betweenthese factors and breast screening behaviour is vital for developing more targeted breast health promotion.
Breast cancer prevention - breast self-examination –,mammogram - family history of breast cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28369.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28369_cc912010e88fb9f784748a99e2bdde0c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
In vitro Investigation of Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Cynara L. Species in Colorectal Cancer Cells
6791
6795
EN
Apoptotic and cytotoxic activity of plant extracts obtaining from naturally growing Cynara syriaca in Turkeyand cultivated C cardunculus against DLD1 colorectal cancer cells was determined. Extracts from wild andcultivated Cynara species were obtained from their vegetative parts and receptacles using hexane and applied withfive different dose (0.1-1 mg/ml) as well as apigenin for MTT tests for three time periods (24, 48 and 72 hours).After cells were treated with IC50 doses for each extract total DNA and RNA were isolated for determination ofthe cause of cell death. From isolated RNAs, cDNA were synthesized and amplification of p21, BCL-2 and BAXgene regions was carried out. Consequently, we found that pro-apoptotic (BAX) gene expression and a cell cycleinhibitor (p21) were induced in the presence of our artichoke extracts. In contrast, anti-apoptotic BCL-2 geneexpression was reduced compared to the control group. In addition DNA fragmentation results demonstratedDLD1 cell death via apoptosis.
Artichoke,cDNA,colorectal cancer,DLD1,DNA Fragmentation,anti-cancer agent
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28370.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28370_e9ec54321aed4be907ed453eaea357fb.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Smoking Cessation Intervention in Rural Kerala, India: Findings of a Randomised Controlled Trial
6797
6802
EN
<b>Background:</b> Prevalence of tobacco use is higher in the rural than urban areas of India. Unlike tobaccocessation clinics located in urban areas, community-based smoking cessation intervention has the potential toreach a wider section of the community to assist in smoking cessation in the rural setting. The present studyaimed to assess the effectiveness of a cessation intervention in rural Kerala state, India. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:Current daily smoking resident males in the age group 18-60 years from four community development blocksin rural Kerala were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The intervention group receivedmultiple approaches in which priority was given to face-to-face interviews and telephone counselling. Initiallyeducational materials on tobacco hazards were distributed. Further, four rounds of counselling sessions wereconducted which included a group counselling with a medical camp as well as individual counselling by trainedmedical social workers. The control group received general awareness training on tobacco hazards along withan anti-tobacco leaflet. Self-reported smoking status was assessed after 6 and 12 months. Factors associated withtobacco cessation were estimated using binomial regression method. <br/><b>Results</b>: Overall prevalence of smokingabstinence was 14.7% in the intervention and 6.8% in the control group (Relative risk: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.05,3.25). A total of 41.3% subjects in the intervention area and 13.6% in the control area had reduced smokingby 50% or more at the end of 12 months. Lower number of cigarettes/ bidi used, low nicotine dependence andconsultation with a doctor for a medical ailment were the statistically significant predictors for smoking cessation.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Rigorous approaches for smoking cessation programmes can enhance quit rates in smoking inrural areas of India.
Community approach,intervention,smoking cessation,rural Kerala,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28371.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28371_1ac115762ef54a32bb68f5180456f599.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
A Novel Heterozygous Mutation (F252Y) in Exon 7 of the IRF6 Gene is Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas
6803
6806
EN
<b>Background:</b> Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) is a transcription factor with distinct and conserved DNAand protein binding domains. Mutations within the protein binding domain have been significantly observedin subjects with orofacial cleft relative to healthy controls. In addition, recent studies have identified loss ofexpression of IRF6 due to promoter hypermethylation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Since mutationalevents occurring within the conserved domains are likely to affect the function of a protein, we investigatedwhether regions within the IRF6 gene that encodes for the conserved protein binding domain carried mutationsin oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Total chromosomal DNA extracted from32 post surgical OSCC tissue samples were amplified using intronic primers flanking the exon 7 of IRF6 gene,which encodes for the major region of protein binding domain. The PCR amplicons from all the samples weresubsequently resolved in a 1.2% agarose gel, purified and subjected to direct sequencing to screen for mutations.<br/><b>Results</b>: Sequencing analysis resulted in the identification of a mutation within exon 7 of IRF6 that occurredin heterozygous condition in 9% (3/32) of OSCC samples. The wild type codon TTC at position 252 coding forphenylalanine was found to be mutated to TAC that coded for tyrosine (F252Y). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The present studyidentified for the first time a novel mutation within the conserved protein binding domain of IRF6 gene in tissuesamples of subjects with OSCC.
IRF6,IRF6 mutation,IRF6 mutation in oral cancer,IRF6 mutation in Indian cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28372.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28372_3e329227318c0712a6c22184c07f0aed.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Biochemically-verified Smoking Rate Trends and Factors Associated with Inaccurate Self-reporting of Smoking Habits in Korean Women
6807
6812
EN
<b>Background:</b> Lung cancer is a major cause of Korean female mortality and is clearly associated with smoking.The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-2,3), which included bothself-reports of smoking and urinary cotinine data, revealed a significant discrepancy between the prevalence ofself-reported and biochemically-verified female smokers. The factors associated with accurate self-reporting ofcurrent smoking status remain poorly understood, however. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We assessed the prevalenceof smoking in KNHANES using both self-report and urinary cotinine data. Subsequently, using univariate andmultivariate tests, we assessed whether age, intensity of smoking, marital status, relationship with cohabitants,education, occupation, residential area, or annual household income were associated with inaccurate selfreportingin Korean females. We also investigated whether the prevalence of inaccurate self-reports changedover the survey period, 2008-2009. <br/><b>Results</b>: The prevalence of self-reported smoking was 47.8% in males and6.6% in females. By contrast, the prevalence of smoking as assessed by urinary cotinine levels was 52.2% inmales and 14.5% in females. Of the 746 females with urinary cotinine levels >50ng/ml, 407 (56.0%) providedinaccurate self-reports. In a multivariate model, age group(40-49: OR 3.54, 95%CI 1.42-8.86, p=0.007; ref :20-29), cotinine intensity(OR 0.999, 95%CI 0.998-0.999, p<0.001), marital status (married but without spouse: OR0.37, 95%CI 0.15-0.94, p=0.037; ref :never married), relationship with cohabitants (living with a spouse andunmarried child: OR 2.63, 95%CI 1.44-4.80, p=0.002; living with 2 generations except unmarried child: OR 2.53,95%CI 1.09-5.87, p=0.030; living with ≥3 generations: OR 3.25, 95%CI 1.48-7.10, p=0.003; ref :spouse only) andeducation(college or higher: OR 2.73, 95%CI 1.04-7.18, p=0.042; ref :elementary or less) were independentlyassociated with inaccurate self-reports. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The trend of smoking prevalence of Korean females is likelyto decrease. However, an elevated prevalence of inaccurate self-reports by females remains. Factors related tothe intensity of smoking and family status appear to influence whether a Korean female provides an accurateself-report when asked about smoking behavior.
Smoking rates,cotinine,surveillance and monitoring,self-reporting,Korean females
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28373.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28373_977b22f7cf8fb64b31acc5c5e5aec415.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Overall Survival and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients with Breast Cancer in Relation to the Expression Pattern of HER-2, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1
6813
6820
EN
The present study was conducted to investigate the prognostic significance of co-expression patterna of HER-2,IL-6, TNF-a and TGF-β1 in breast cancer, by correlating the number of markers with positive expression withclinicopathological characteristics indicative of tumor progression and overall survival. One hundred thirtyconsecutive patients with primary breast cancer were prospectively included and evaluated. Serum concentrationsof the above markers were measured by ELISA. Median split was used to subdivide patients with marker positiveor negative expression. The presence of ≥3 positive markers was independently associated with extended lymphnode (>3) involvement (aOR, 11.94, p=0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (aOR, 12.04, p=0.018), increasingthe prognostic significance of each marker considered separately. Additional prognostic information regardingsurvival was also provided; as the number of positive markers increased, a gradually reduction of survival timewas observed. In addition, patients with 4 positive markers had significantly shorter survival (25 vs 39 months,p=0.006) and a more than 4 fold increased risk of death (aHR, 4.35, p=0.003) compared to patients with 3 positivemarkers. Our findings suggest that the coexpression pattern of these four markers could be used clinically as auseful marker for tumor extension and outcome of breast cancer.
Her-2,IL-6,TNF-α,TGF-β1,breast cancer,survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28374.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28374_2ffcf46f985168e33c8021d244532f14.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Soft-tissue Sarcomas in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Systematic Review
6821
6832
EN
<b>Background:</b> Soft-tissue sarcomas require tailored and multidisciplinary treatment and management.However, little is known about how sarcomas are treated and managed throughout the Asia-Pacific region.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: MEDLINE was systematically searched using prespecified criteria. Publications (previous10 years) that reported tumour characteristics, treatment patterns, survival outcomes, and/or safety outcomesof patients with soft-tissue sarcoma were selected. Exclusion criteria were studies of patients <18 years of age;≤10 patients; countries other than Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines,Singapore, Taiwan, or Thailand; >20% benign tumours; sarcomas located in bones or joints; gastrointestinalstromal tumour; Kaposi’s sarcoma; or not reporting relevant outcomes. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of the 1,822 publicationsretrieved, 35 (32 studies) were included. Nearly all patients (98%, 1,992/2,024; 31 studies) were treated withsurgery, and more studies used adjuvant radiotherapy than chemotherapy (24 vs 17 studies). Survival outcomesand recurrence rates varied among the studies because of the different histotypes, sites, and disease stagesassessed. Only 5 studies reported safety findings. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: These findings highlight the lack of specific dataavailable about soft-tissue sarcomas in the Asia-Pacific region. Better efforts to understand how the sarcoma ismanaged and treated will help improve patient outcomes in the region.
Asia-Pacific,Incidence,Sarcoma,soft-tissue neoplasms,survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28375.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28375_9b68f4a3af677988df5a6ca54e7ec107.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Hopelessness and Depression Levels of Parents of Children with Cancer
6833
6838
EN
The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the hopelessness and depression levels of parents ofchildren diagnosed with cancer and undergoing cancer treatment and factors affecting these levels. The studywas carried out with parents of 44 children receiving treatment in a paediatric haematology clinic of a universityhospital. Data were collected using a survey form, the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the Beck DepressionScale (BDS). The mean BDS score of the mothers and fathers was 18.3±11.30 and 15.2±11.33, respectively. Themean BHS score of the mothers was 6.45±4.40, whereas the mean BHS score of the fathers was 5.88±4.27. Theresults showed that the levels of hopelessness and depression among the mothers were higher than among thefathers (p<0.001). There was a positive relationship between the hopelessness and depression scores of the mothersand the fathers (p<0.05), and the levels of hopelessness and depression scores of the fathers increased as those ofthe mothers increased. A weak financial situation of the family increased the hopelessness and depression levelsof the fathers. The hopelessness and depression levels of the mothers who were supported by their families andrelatives were decreased compared to those without such support (p<0.05). The results show that the parentsof children with cancer face many psychosocial and spiritual problems. Using simple screening tools, nursescan identify at-risk parents and direct them to support services. We conclude that actively encouraging familiesto avail themselves of support resources and supporting them financially would positively affect the levels ofdepression and hopelessness of parents of children with cancer.
Child with cancer,mother,father,depression,hopelessness,Support
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28376.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28376_82e84c29f9e86c7a73b3fac7254a80e9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Population Inquiry Regarding Mammography in Postmenopausal Women in Southern Brazil
6839
6844
EN
This study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of non-performance of mammography, and associatedfactors, among postmenopausal women. This analytical, exploratory, cross-sectional study, of a domicilepopulation inquiry type, was performed in the municipality of Maringa, Parana, Brazil. A total of 456 womenwere interviewed, aged 45 to 69 years, who presented with natural menopause and cessation of menstruationfor at least twelve months. Statistical associations were found between the non-performance of mammographyand schooling of less than seven years, paid employment, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, the non-use of hormonereplacement therapy, not having consulted a doctor in the previous year, not having consulted a gynecologist,lacking a family history of breast cancer, not having performed the Papanicolaou test, not having performedclinical breast examination, and not having difficult access to health services. After logistic regression analysis,not performing mammography was associated with reports of a fair or bad health status. The study datarevealed factors “responsible” for the non-performance of mammography, and the results should contributingto improvement/enhancement of healthy behaviour of Brazilian women in the post-menopausal phase.
mammography,mass screening,post-menopause,Breast Neoplasms
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28377.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28377_b2d730e97476bcc57d9e735fd70d788b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Second-Hand Smoke in Public Spaces: How Effective has Partial Smoke-Free Legislation Been in Malaysia?
6845
6850
EN
<b>Background:</b> This study was performed to gather data on second-hand smoke (SHS) concentrations in a rangeof public venues following the implementation of partial Smoke-Free Legislation in Malaysia in 2004. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: PM2.5 was measured as a marker of SHS levels in a total of 61 restaurants, entertainment centres,internet cafés and pubs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. <br/><b>Results</b>: Under the current smoke-free laws smoking wasprohibited in 42 of the 61 premises. Active smoking was observed in nearly one-third (n=12) of these. For premiseswhere smoking was prohibited and no active smoking observed, the mean (standard deviation) indoor PM2.5 concentration was 33.4 (23.8) μg/m3 compared to 187.1 (135.1) μg/m3 in premises where smoking was observedThe highest mean PM2.5 was observed in pubs [361.5 (199.3) μg/m3]. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This study provides evidenceof high levels of SHS across a range of hospitality venues, including about one-third of those where smoking isprohibited, despite 8 years of smoke-free legislation. Compliance with the legislation appeared to be particularlypoor in entertainment centres and internet cafés. Workers and non-smoking patrons continue to be exposed tohigh concentrations of SHS within the hospitality industry in Malaysia and there is an urgent need for increasedenforcement of existing legislation and consideration of more comprehensive laws to protect health.
Hospitality spaces,smoke-free legislation,indoor air pollution,secondhand smoke
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28378.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28378_05e6902aac986fd80a945dbb65ec469c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Grapefruit Juice Suppresses Azoxymethane-induced Colon Aberrant Crypt Formation and Induces Antioxidant Capacity in Mice
6851
6856
EN
In the present report we determined the protective capacity of grapefruit juice (GJ) against molecular andcellular damage in azoxymethane (AOM) treated mice. Animals were daily administered GJ orally (0.8, 4.1, and8.2 μl/g) for seven weeks, as well as intraperitoneally (ip) injected with AOM twice (weeks 2 and 3 of the assay).Control groups administered with water, with the high dose of GJ, and with AOM injected in weeks 2 and 3were also included. The results showed a significant, dose-dependent protection of GJ on the number of colonaberrant crypts (AC) induced by AOM. The highest inhibitory effect was reached with the highest tested doseof GJ, decreasing ACF by 51% and 43% at weeks 4 and 7 of the assay. Regarding protein and lipid oxidationwe also found a dose-dependent decrease caused with GJ in comparison with the increased levels produced byAOM. Therefore, our results established chemopreventive potential for GJ, and suggested effects related to itsantioxidant capacity. Finally, we found that the tested agents induced neither micronuclei increase nor alterationin bone marrow cytotoxicity.
Grapefruit juice,aberrant crypts,chemoprevention mechanism,Antioxidant Capacity
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28379.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28379_c6a6a635d0f97eece8412e4fc3ac9789.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Beliefs and Behaviors of Breast Cancer Screening in Women Referring to Health Care Centers in Northwest Iran According to the Champion Health Belief Model Scale
6857
6862
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. All ages are susceptible and more than90% of the patients can be cured with early diagnosis. Breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography can beuseful for this aim. In this study we examined the components of the Champion health belief model to identifyif they could predict the intentions of women to perform such screening. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of380 women aged 30 and above who had referred to health-care centers were assessed for use of breast cancerscreening over the past year with a modified health belief model questionnaire. Logistic regression was appliedto identify leading independent predictors. <br/><b>Results</b>: In this study 27% of the women performed BSE in thelast year but only 6.8% of them used mammography as a way of screening. There were significant differencesregarding all components of the model except for perceived severity between women that underwent BSE. overthe past year and those that did not. Findings were similar for mammography. Regression analysis revealedthat intentions to perform BSE were predicted by perceived self-efficacy and perceived barriers to BSE whileintentions to perform mammography were predicted by perceived barriers. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This study indicatedthat self-efficacy can support performance of BSE while perceived barriers are important for not performingboth BSE and mammography. Thus we must educate women to increase their self-efficacy and decrease theirperceived barriers.
breast cancer,Screening,champion health belief model,Northwest Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28175.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28175_4abe6246e05072236cfa0a7a68f4cb08.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Suppression of Human Fibrosarcoma Cell Metastasis by Phyllanthus emblica Extract in Vitro
6863
6867
EN
Phyllanthus emblica (PE) is known to exhibit various pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluatethe antimetastatic potential of a PE aqueous extract. Cytotoxicity to human fibrosarcoma cells, HT1080, wasdetermined by viability assay using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol,2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)reagent. Cell migration and invasion were investigated using chemotaxis chambers containing membranes precoatedwith collagen IV and Matrigel, respectively. Cell attachment onto normal surfaces of cell culture plateswas tested to determine the cell-adhesion capability. The molecular mechanism of antimetastatic activity wasassessed by measuring the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP2, and MMP9, using reversetranscription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The mRNA levels of both genes were significantlydown-regulated after pretreatment with PE extract for 5 days. Our findings show the antimetastatic function ofPE extract in reducing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion in both dose- and time-dependentmanners, especially growth arrest with low IC50 value. A decrease in the expression of both MMP2 and MMP9seems to be the cellular mechanism for antimetastasis in this case. There is a high potential to use PE extractsclinically as an optional adjuvant therapeutic drug for therapeutic intervention strategies in cancer therapy orchemoprevention.
Phyllanthus emblica,migration,Invasion,Adhesion,Metastasis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28176.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28176_a1d94e880aca02919031ab9accbe8447.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Synergistic Effects of Tamoxifen and Tranilast on VEGF and MMP-9 Regulation in Cultured Human Breast Cancer Cells
6869
6874
EN
<b>Background:</b> Vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases are two important factorsfor angiogenesis associated with breast cancer growth and progression. The present study was aimed to examinethe effects of tamoxifen and tranilast drugs singly or in combination on proliferation of breast cancer cells andalso to evaluate VEGF and MMP-9 expression and VEGF secretion levels. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Humanbreast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, were treated with tamoxifen and/or tranilast alone or incombination and percentage cell survival and proliferative activity were evaluated using LDH leakage and MTTassays. mRNA expression and protein levels were examined by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA assay, respectively.<br/><b>Results</b>: LDH and MTT assays showed that the combined treatment of tamoxifen and tranilast resulted in asignificant decrease in cell viability and cell proliferation compared with tamoxifen or tranilast treatment alone,with significant decrease in VEGF mRNA and protein levels. We also found that tamoxifen as a single agent rarelyincreased MMP-9 expression. A decrease in MMP-9 expression was seen after treatment with tranilast aloneand in the combined treatment MMP-9 mRNA level was decreased. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This combination treatmentcan able to inhibit growth, proliferation and angiogenesis of breast cancer cells.
breast cancer,Tamoxifen,tranilast,Angiogenesis,matrix metalloproteinase
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28177.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28177_7284b5a509d84bf2e9fd1bf5cf2e8192.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Smoking Cessation Treatment and Outcomes in Medium to Heavy Cigarette Smokers being Treated for Cancer in Jordan
6875
6881
EN
<b>Background:</b> Studies evaluating smoking cessation treatment outcomes in cancer patients are scarce, despitesmoking cessation importance in cancer care. We sought to add to the literature by evaluating smoking cessationin a challenging group of cancer patients (medium-to-heavy smokers) visiting an out-patient smoking cessationclinic (SCC) in a cancer center in Amman, Jordan. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Patients smoking >9 cigarettes perday (CPD) and referred to the SCC between June 2009 and May 2012 were studied. Clinic records were reviewedto measure demographic and baseline clinical characteristics, and longitudinal (3-, 6- and 12- month) followupby phone/clinic visit was conducted. At each follow-up, patients were asked if they experienced medicationside-effects, if they had returned to smoking, and reasons for failing to abstain. Descriptive and multivariablelogistic regression analyses were performed. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 201 smokers were included in the analysis. The3-month abstinence was 23.4% and significantly associated with older age, being married, and presenting withlower (≤10ppm) baseline carbon monoxide (CO) levels. On a multivariable level, lower CO levels, a higher income(relative to the lowest income group), being older, and reporting severe dependence (relative to dependencereported as ‘somewhat’ or ‘not’) were significant predictors of higher odds of abstinence at three months.Reasons for failing to quit included not being able to handle withdrawal and seeing no value in quitting. LongtermARs did not reach 7%. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In a sample of Jordanian smokers (>9CPD) with cancer and receivingsmoking cessation treatment, ARs were low and further declined with time. Results underscore the need formore aggressive patient management and rigorous follow-up during and after smoking cessation treatment,particularly when this takes place in challenging settings. Observed reasons for failure to abstain should be usedto tailor counseling practices.
smoking cessation,cancer patients,abstinence rates,failure to quit
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28380.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28380_be8cbaec28bb7739991f500af491b8df.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Conventional Radiotherapy with Concurrent Weekly Cisplatin in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancers of Squamous Cell Origin - a Single Institution Experience
6883
6888
EN
<b>Background:</b> Platinum based concurrent chemo-radiation is the de-facto standard of care in the non-surgicalmanagement of locally-advanced head and neck cancer of squamous origin. Three-weekly single agent cisplatinat 100 mg/m2 concurrent with radical radiotherapy has demonstrated consistent improvement in loco-regionalcontrol and survival. This improvement is however at the cost of considerable hematologic toxicity and pooroverall compliance. The routine use of this regime is improbable in developing countries with limited resources. Wetherefore aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of an alternative regime of weekly cisplatin and concurrentradiotherapy in such patients. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: January-05 and April-12, 188 patients of locally-advancedhead and neck cancer of squamous origin were treated with concurrent weekly-cisplatin at 35mg/m2 andconventional radiotherapy 60-66Gy/30-33 fractions/5days per week. <br/><b>Results</b>: Overall, 95% patients receivedplanned doses of RT while 74% completed within the stipulated overall treatment time of <50 days. Eighty-twopercent received at-least 5 weekly cycles. Grade-III/IV mucositis was seen in 58%/9% respectively, which resultedin mean weight loss of 9.2% from a pre-treatment mean of 54.5 kg. Grade-III hematologic toxicity-0.5%; gradeII nephrotoxicity-2.5% and grade III emesis-3% were also seen. Grade-III/IV subcutaneous toxicity-10%/1%and grade-III/IV xerostomia-10%/0% were observed. Complete responses at the primary site, regional nodesand overall disease were seen in 86%, 89% and 83% patients respectively. The median and 5-years disease-freesurvival were 26 months and 39.4% respectively, while the median and overall survival were 27 months and41.8% respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Weekly-cisplatin at 35 mg /m2 when delivered concurrently with conventionalradical RT (at-least 66y/33 fractions) in locally-advanced head and neck cancer is well tolerated with minimalhematologic and neprologic toxicity and can be routinely delivered on an out-patient basis. It is an effectivealternative to the standard 3-weekly cisplatin especially in the context of developing countries.
Cisplatin,chemo-radiation,concurrent,head and neck cancer,weekly
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28381.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28381_71f1a1ee09120ce97f5b5478c9912c8c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Clinicopathological Features and Survival of Young Turkish Patients with Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
6889
6892
EN
<b>Background:</b> Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are a relatively common malignancy in young men. Theaim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and survival of young Turkish patientswith TGCT. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In this retrospective study, the clinical and pathological characteristics ofyoung Turkish patients with TGCT who were monitored by the Department of Medical Oncology of a militaryhospital between 2008 and 2013 were investigated. Overall survival data were analyzed. <br/><b>Results</b>: Ninety-sixpatients were included in the study. The mean age was 26.4 years. Among the patients, 17.7% had seminomaand 43.8% had mixed non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Some 46.9% were Stage I, 30.2% were Stage II, and22.9 were Stage III. Of the patients, 83.3% received chemotherapy, 25% underwent retroperitoneal lymph nodedissection (RPLND), 3.1% received radiotherapy, and 12.5% were followed-up without treatment. In addition,18.8% of the patients were administered salvage chemotherapy due to relapse or progression. The 5-year overallsurvival rate was 90.2% for all patients. The 2-year overall survival rate was 100% for Stage I patients, 94%for Stage II patients, and 70.2% for Stage III patients. The difference between the survival curves of stages wasstatistically significant (p=0.029). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In young Turkish patients with TGCT, good results were obtainedwith appropriate treatment, most receiving chemotherapy. The prognosis of the disease was good even in theadvanced stage.
Testicular germ cell tumor,young Turkish patients,treatment,Prognosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28382.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28382_614026fec3bffda730254b98861eb583.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
General Workers Living with Younger Children in Fukushima Performed more Preventive Behavior against Radiation during and after the Nuclear Disaster
6893
6897
EN
<b>Background:</b> During and after the Fukushima nuclear disaster (FND), many parents were concerned aboutthe effects of radiation on the health of their children. Purpose: To clarify the factors that influenced generalworkers living with children and the effect of child age groups in implementing preventive behaviorsagainstradiation following the FND. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A descriptive study of preventive behaviors among generalworkers was carried out 3-5 months after the nuclear disaster. The subjects were 1,394 regular workers, whotook part in radiation seminars run by the Fukushima Occupational Health Promotion Center between July andSeptember, 2011. In total, 1,217 responses were submitted, of which 1,110 were eligible for the present study. Thisanonymous questionnaire survey inquired about the presence and age of children in the household and aboutradiation preventive behavior implemented after the FND. The contribution of each variable was assessed bylogistic regression analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: General workers in Fukushima who lived with younger children performedmore preventive behavior against radiation during and after the FND. In particular, both location-related anddaily routines were practiced significantly more frequently (p<0.01) by workers living with a child in the ageranges of 0-6 (8 of 10 items) and 7-12 (5 of 10 items). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This is the first study to assess the positiveassociation between living with children by age group and increased preventive behavior against radiationimplemented by general workers after the FND.
Living with children,preventive behavior,nuclear disaster,Radiation,Fukushima
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28383.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28383_873de6a6f2b094a060581a1bab938db2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
A Model Approach to Calculate Cancer Prevalence From 5 Year Survival Data for Selected Cancer Sites in India
6899
6903
EN
<b>Background:</b> Prevalence is a statistic of primary interest in public health. In the absence of good followupfacilities, it is difficult to assess the complete prevalence of cancer for a given registry area. <br/><b>Objective</b>: Anattempt was here made to arrive at complete prevalence including limited duration prevalence with respect toselected sites of cancer for India by fitting appropriate models to 1, 3 and 5 years cancer survival data availablefor selected population-based registries. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Survival data, available for the registries ofBhopal, Chennai, Karunagappally, and Mumbai was pooled to generate survival for breast, cervix, ovary, lung,stomach and mouth cancers. With the available data on survival for 1, 3 and 5 years, a model was fitted andthe survival curve was extended beyond 5 years (up to 35 years) for each of the selected sites. This helped ingeneration of survival proportions by single year and thereby survival of cancer cases. With the help of survivalproportions available year-wise and the incidence, prevalence figures were arrived for selected cancer sites andfor selected periods. <br/><b>Results</b>: The prevalence to incidence ratio (PI ratio) stabilized after a certain duration for allthe cancer sites showing that from the knowledge of incidence, the prevalence can be calculated. The stabilizedP/I ratios for the cancer sites of breast, cervix, ovary, stomach, lung, mouth and for life time was observed tobe 4.90, 5.33, 2.75, 1.40, 1.37, 4.04 and 3.42 respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The validity of the model approach tocalculate prevalence could be demonstrated with the help of survival data of Barshi registry for cervix cancer,available for the period 1988-2006.
survival,Model,Prevalence,breast cancer,cervix cancer,Lung cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28384.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28384_e56649023118ee9cc5481a707c388dcf.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Trends in Epidemiology, Clinical and Histopathological Characteristics of Breast Cancer in Iran: Results of a 17 Year Study
6905
6911
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer (BC) is the top cancer among women worldwide and the most frequent malignancyamong Iranian women over the past few decades. The increasing trend and high mortality rate of BC in thedeveloping world necessitates studies concentrating on its characteristics in countries in Asia. The current studyfocused on clinical and histopathological features of BC among Iranian females. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Thisretrospective study involved 714 Iranian patients with histopathologically proven BC undergoing resection ofprimary tumours and axillary clearance. Demographic, clinical and histopathological data were obtained andstudied between ten year age groups (≤40 years, 41-50 years, 51-60 years, 61-70 years, and ≤71 years) in fourchronologic phases from 1994-2009. <br/><b>Results</b>: Mean age of patients was 49.4±13.1 years. Most of cases (33.2%)were in 41-50 group. Mean size of primary tumors was 3.94±2.47 cm and 87.1% of cases had infiltrative ductalcarcinoma. Modified radical mastectomy was the most common method of surgery carried out (48.8%). Some57.1% of tumors were in pT2 and tumor size decreased significantly during the period (p<0.05). The mostcommon BC stage was llla (27%). Lower BC stages (0 and 1) constituted 13.9% of the diagnosed tumors. Ourseries of patients aged ≤40 had larger tumors (mean 4.73±3.02 cm) compared to older age groups (p=0.003).Lower stages (0 and I) were more frequent among the oldest patients while nearly 50% of patients aged ≤40had tumor stage III. We also observed a significant decreasing trend in the mean LN count (p<0.05) and bloodvessel invasion (p=0.023) from younger to older age groups. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: More aggressive disease for youngerage groups, earlier peak incidence age and high rate of advanced BC at the time of diagnosis among Iranianwomen, were the main findings of this study.
breast cancer,Epidemiology,staging,tumor type,Trends,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28385.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28385_d973452245cc83c98ad43995b1f24d42.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Korean Prostate Cancer Patients Have Worse Disease Characteristics than their American Counterparts
6913
6917
EN
<b>Background:</b> Although the PSA test has been used in Korea for over 20 years, the incidence of prostatecancer has risen, and the associated mortality has increased about 13-fold over the 20-year period. Also, severalinvestigators have suggested that Asians in America are more likely to present with more advanced prostate cancerthan Caucasians. We compared the characteristics of native Koreans and Americans (Caucasians and African-Americans) undergoing radical prostatectomies in Korea and the US. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Study subjectscomprised patients at Korean and US hospitals from 2004 to 2012 who had undergone radical prostatectomies.We compared the characteristics of the subjects, including age, preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels,body mass index (BMI), Gleason score, and pathological T stage. <br/><b>Results</b>: In total, 1,159 males (502 Koreans, 657Americans) were included. The Korean and American patients had mean ages of 67.1±6.6 and 59.2±6.7 years,respectively. The mean preoperative PSAs were 15.4±17.9 and 6.2±4.6 ng/mL (p=0.0001) and the mean BMIswere 23.6±2.6 and 28.7±4.4 kg/m2 (p=0.0001), respectively. Pathological localized prostate cancer represented71.7% of cases for Koreans and 77.6% for Americans (p=0.07). According to age, Koreans had higher T stagesthan Americans in their 50s (p=0.021) and higher Gleason scores than Americans in all age groups. Accordingto PSA, Koreans had higher Gleason scores than Americans for PSA >10 ng/mL (p<0.05). According to prostatesize and Gleason scores, Koreans had higher PSA values than Americans (p<0.01). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: These resultsshow that Korean patients have elevated risk of malignant prostate cancers, as indicated by the significantlyhigher Gleason scores and PSAs, suggesting a need for novel prostate cancer treatment strategies in Korea.
Prostatic neoplasm,neoplasm grading,Prostate-Specific Antigen,risk,Race
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28386.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28386_a352498e3a6ac27746b958375acd9b81.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
The National “Smoking Cessation Clinics” Program in the Republic of Korea: Socioeconomic Status and Age Matter
6919
6924
EN
<b>Background:</b> Between 1998-2009 South Korea experienced significant progress in reducing the male smokingrate from 66.3% to 46.9%. As part of a significant government effort in the area of smoking cessation intervention,the Korean government implemented the national “Smoking Cessation Clinics (SCC)” program in 2004. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: Data covered 804,334 adult male smokers participating in SCC program at 253 public healthcenters between 2006-2009. We examined participant cessation rates with the SCC program, their characteristicsand program intervention components using health insurance status as a socioeconomic status (SES) indicator.Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed correcting for intra-class correlations within publichealth centers. <br/><b>Results</b>: The overall 6-month quit rate was high (46.8%). Higher odds of smoking cessation werepositively associated with higher levels of behavioral counseling sessions, but not nicotine replacement therapy(NRT). Cessation rates were lower for Medicaid participants than for regular health insurance participants.Disadvantaged younger smokers were less likely to participate in the program. Older smokers were more likelyto quit regardless of SES. Stress was cited as major reason for failure. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: SES inequalities acrossdifferent age groups exist in smoking cessation among Korean adult male smokers. There is a need for interventionprograms specifically targeting sub-populations of SES by different age groups.
Smoking cessation clinics,Socioeconomic status,age,behavioral counseling,nicotine replacement therapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28387.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28387_9ffae2d772ed42f8a65ab6275ca940a5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
PAMAM Dendrimers Augment Inhibitory Effects of Curcumin on Cancer Cell Proliferation: Possible Inhibition of Telomerase
6925
6928
EN
<b>Background:</b> Despite numerous useful anticancer properties of curcumin, its utility is limited due to itshydrophobic structure. In this study, we investigated the comparative antiproliferative effect of PAMAMencapsulating curcumin with naked curcumin on the T47D breast cancer cell line. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:Cytotoxic effects of PAMAM dendrimers encapsulating curcumin and curcumin alone were investigated by MTTassay. After treating cells with different concentrations of both curcumin alone and curcumin encapsulated for24h, telomerase activity was determined by TRAP assay. <br/><b>Results</b>: While PAMAM dendrimers encapsulatingcurcumin had no cytotoxicity on cancer cells, they decreased the IC50 for proliferation and also increased theinhibitory effect on telomerase activity. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Considering the non-toxicity in addition to effectivenessfor enhancing curcumin anticancer properties, dendrimers could be considered good therapeutic vehicles forthis hydrophobic agent.
Dendrimer,curcumin,Telomerase,Proliferation,breast cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28388.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28388_adacdabf7656832dc703150f7d128349.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
No Detection of Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Viruses in Prostate Cancer in Sanandaj, West of Iran
6929
6933
EN
<b>Background:</b> Multiple etiologies have been hypothesized for prostate cancer, including genetic defects andinfectious agents. A recently reported gamaretrovirus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV)has been reported to be detected in prostate cancer. However, this virus has not been detected in similar groups ofpatients in other studies. Herein, we sought to detect XMRV in prostate cancers and benign controls in Sanandaj,west of Iran. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In a case-control study, genomic DNA was extracted from formalin fixedand paraffin embedded prostate tissues from a total of 163 Iranian patients. We developed a conventional anda nested PCR assay using primers targeting to an env specific sequence of XMRV. PCR assays were carried outon 63 prostate cancers and 100 benign prostate hyperplasias. <br/><b>Results</b>: Beta-actin sequences were successfullydetected in the DNA extracts from all prostate tissues, confirming DNA extraction integrity. We did not detectXMRV in samples either from prostate cancers or benign prostate hyperplasias using XMRV specific primers.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: We conclude that in our population XMRV does not play a role in genesis of prostate cancer.
XMRV,MLV,Prostate Cancer,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28389.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28389_9e6463dcb4d7139ef7729031bce92b7c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Prognostic Model in Patients with Early-stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Combination of Invasive Margin Pathological Characteristics and Lymphovascular Space Invasion
6935
6940
EN
<b>Background:</b> This study aimed to develop a prognostic model in patients with early-stage cervical squamouscell carcinoma based on clinicopathological features, including invasive margin characteristics. Materials and<br/><b>Methods</b>: Clinicopathological features and outcomes of 190 patients with FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical squamouscell carcinoma treated by surgery were collected and analyzed for factors associated with tumor recurrence. Inaddition to well-recognized pathological risk factors, the pathological characteristics of invasive margin (type ofinvasive pattern and degree of stromal desmoplasia and peritumoral inflammatory reaction) were also includedin the analysis. Multiple scoring models were made by matching different clinicopathological variables and/or different weighting of the score for each variable. The model with the best performance in the prediction ofrecurrence and decreased survival was selected. <br/><b>Results</b>: The model with the best performance was composed of acombined score of invasive pattern, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and degree of inflammatory reactionand stromal desmoplasia (total score =10). Compared to those with score ≤8, the patients with score 9-10 had asignificantly higher recurrence rate in the overall group (p<0.001) and the subgroup without adjuvant therapy(p<0.001), while the significance was marginal in the subgroup with adjuvant therapy (p=0.069). In addition,the patients with score 9-10 had a higher rate of tumor recurrence at distant sites (p=0.007). The disease-freesurvival was significantly lower in the patients with score 9-10 than those with score ≤8 among the overallpatients (p<0.001), in the subgroup without adjuvant therapy (p<0.001), and the subgroup with adjuvant therapy(p=0.047). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In this study, a prognostic model based on a combination of pathological characteristicsof invasive margin and LVSI proved to be predictive of tumor recurrence and decreased disease-free survivalin patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
cervical cancer,Squamous Cell Carcinoma,prognostic model,Pathology,invasive margin
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28390.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28390_c3dfec558f46be396fc778e23818e9ca.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Lack of Influence of Pregnancy on the Prognosis of Survivors of Thyroid Cancer
6941
6943
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of pregnancy on prognosis of thyroid cancer.<br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 72 patients aged between 15-45 years who underwent total or subtotal thyroidectomy andsubsequently radioablation were followed up under suppression. Individuals who had term pregnancies afterdiagnosis of cancer (group 1, n: 36) and who were non-pregnant (group 2, n:36) were included in the study.Both groups were compared in terms of scintigraphic relapse and metastasis, ultrasonographic relapse, stagechange of lympadenopathy at the beginning and at the end of the study. <br/><b>Results</b>: Relapse was detected in 4 outof 36 pregnant patients (11.1%) and in 5 out of 36 non-pregnant patients (13.9%) with no significant differencebetween groups (p=1.00). Pathologic lymphadenopathy was detected in 2 out of 36 pregnant patients (5.6%) andin 2 out of 36 non-pregnant patients (5.6%) (p=1.00), and metastasis in 3 (8.3%) and in 1 (2.8%), respectively(p=0.61). While stage change was detected in only one pregnant patient (2.8%), and none of the non-pregnantagain there was no significant difference (p=1.00). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: We conclude that pregnancy does not have aninfluence on prognosis of thyroid cancer.
Pregnancy,Thyroid cancer,Prognosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28391.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28391_a19fbedfa410c4bf9609c3607a035508.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Diosgenin Inhibits hTERT Gene Expression in the A549 Lung Cancer Cell Line
6945
6948
EN
<b>Background:</b> Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin from a therapeutic herb, fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graceumL.), has been recognized to have anticancer properties. Telomerase activity is not detected in typical healthy cells,while in cancer cell telomerase expression is reactivated, therefore providing a promising cancer therapeutic target.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We studied the inhibitory effect of diosgenin on human telomerase reverse transcriptasegene (hTERT) expression which is critical for telomerase activity. MTT- assays and qRT-PCR analysis wereconducted to assess cytotoxicity and hTERT gene expression inhibition effects, respectively. <br/><b>Results</b>: MTT resultsshowed that IC50 values for 24, 48 and 72h after treatment were 47, 44 and 43μM, respectively. Culturing cellswith diosgenin treatment caused down-regulation of hTERT expression. Discussion: These results show thatdiosgenin inhibits telomerase activity by down-regulation of hTERT gene expression in the A549 lung cancercell line
Lung cancer,hTERT,diosgenin,Telomerase,qRT-PCR,MTT assay
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28392.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28392_8beacafc1df649a38c7f1ab8b5a5f3e0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Inhibitory Effects of β-Cyclodextrin-Helenalin Complexes on H-TERT Gene Expression in the T47D Breast Cancer Cell Line - Results of Real Time Quantitative PCR
6949
6953
EN
<b>Background:</b> Nowadays, the encapsulation of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents is attracting interest as amethod for drug delivery. We hypothesized that the efficiency of helenalin might be maximized by encapsulationin β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles. Helenalin, with a hydrophobic structure obtained from flowers of Arnicachamissonis and Arnica Montana, has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity but low water solubility andbioavailability. β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide comprising seven D-glucopyranoside units,linked through 1,4-glycosidic bonds. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: To test our hypothesis, we prepared β-cyclodextrinhelenalincomplexes to determine their inhibitory effects on telomerase gene expression by real-time polymerasechain reaction (q-PCR) and cytotoxic effects by colorimetric cell viability (MTT) assay. <br/><b>Results</b>: MTT assayshowed that not only β-cyclodextrin has no cytotoxic effect on its own but also it demonstrated that β-cyclodextrinhelenalincomplexes inhibited the growth of the T47D breast cancer cell line in a time and dose-dependent manner.Our q-PCR results showed that the expression of telomerase gene was effectively reduced as the concentrationof β-cyclodextrin-helenalin complexes increased. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: β-Cyclodextrin-helenalin complexes exertedcytotoxic effects on T47D cells through down-regulation of telomerase expression and by enhancing Helenalinuptake by cells. Therefore, β-cyclodextrin could be superior carrier for this kind of hydrophobic agent.
Helenalin,Telomerase,real time quantitative PCR,β-cyclodextrin
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28393.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28393_ccaf493291e891d5c3272c01d2358eb3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Epidemiology and Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in North-east Peninsular Malaysia
6955
6959
EN
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is relatively high in Southeast Asia. Globally, HCC hasa high fatality rate and short survival. The objectives of this retrospective cohort study were to review theepidemiology and survival of HCC patients at a tertiary centre in north-east of Peninsular Malaysia. Subjectswere adult HCC patients diagnosed by histopathology or radio-imaging. Secondary liver carcinoma was excluded.Kaplan Meier and multiple Cox proportional hazard survival analyses were used. Only 210 HCC cases fromyears 1987-2008, were included in the final analysis. The number of cases was increasing annually. The mean agewas 55.0 (SD 13.9) years with male:female ratio of 3.7:1. Approximately 57.6% had positive hepatitis B virus,2.4% hepatitis C virus, 20% liver cirrhosis and 8.1% chronic liver disease. Only 2.9% had family history and9.0% had frequently consumed alcohol. Most patients presented with abdominal pain or discomfort and hadhepatomegaly, 47.9% had an elevated α-fetoprotein level of 800 IU/ml or more, 51.9% had multiple tumors and44.8% involved multiple liver lobes. Approximately 63.3% were in stage 3 and 23.4% in stage 4, and 82.9%did not receive any treatment. The overall median survival time was 1.9 months (95% confidence interval(CI): 1.5, 2.3). The 1-month, 6-month, 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 71.8%, 23.3%, 13.0% and 7.3%respectively. Significant prognostic factors were Malay ethnicity [Adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.6; 95%CI: 1.0,2.5; p=0.030], no chemotherapy [AHR 1.7; 95%CI: 1.1, 2.5; p=0.017] and Child-Pugh class C [AHR 2.6; 95%CI:1.4, 4.9; p=0.002]. HCC in our study affected a wide age range, mostly male, in advanced stage of disease, withno treatment and very low survival rates. Primary prevention should be advocated in view of late presentationand difficulty of treatment. Vaccination of hepatitis virus and avoidance of liver toxins are to be encouraged.
Hepatocellular carcinoma,Hepatoma,primary liver cancer,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28394.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28394_373496a42b0eff169665bc145b4e30ed.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Human Papillomavirus Genotypes and Cervical Cancer in Northeast Thailand
6961
6964
EN
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major cause of cervical cancer. More than 100 HPV genotypes have beenidentified; however the distribution varies geographically and according to ethnicity. The purpose of this studywas to investigate the prevalence and distribution of HPV subtypes among Northeast Thai women. Subjectsincluded 198 cases of SCCA and 198 age-matched, healthy controls. HPV-DNA was amplified by PCR using theconsensus primers GP5+/6+ system followed by reverse line blot hybridization genotyping. The prevalence ofhigh-risk HPV infection was 21 (10.1%) and 152 (76.8%) in the controls and in the cases, respectively. High-riskHPV significantly increased the risk for cervical cancer with an OR of 42.4 (95%CI: 22.4-81.4, p<0.001) and anadjusted OR of 40.7-fold (95%CI: 21.5-76.8, p <0.001). HPV-16 was the most prevalent HPV type in the SCCA(56.2%) followed by HPV-58 (17.8%) and HPV-18 (13.6%); whereas HPV-58 (46.4%) was a prominent genotypein the controls followed by HPV-16 (39.3%) and unidentified HPV types (25.0%). These findings indicate thatHPV infection remains a critical risk factor for SCCA; particularly, HPV-16, HPV-58 and HPV-18. In orderto eradicate cervical cancer, sustained health education, promoted use of prophylactics and a HPV-58 vaccineshould be introduced in this region.
cervical cancer,HPV Genotype,HPV prevalence,northeast Thailand
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28395.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28395_22adf6df0e5ed63aa1728476de34f8f9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Socioeconomic Inequality in the Prevalence of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco use in India
6965
6969
EN
<b>Background:</b> Tobacco consumption has been identified as the single biggest cause of inequality in morbidityand mortality. Understanding pattern of socioeconomic equalities in tobacco consumption in India will help indesigning targeted public health control measures. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Nationally representative data fromthe India Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2009-2010 was analyzed. The survey providedinformation on 69,030 respondents aged 15 years and above. Data were analyzed according to regions forestimating prevalence of current tobacco consumption (both smoking and smokeless) across wealth quintiles.Multiple logistic regression analysis predicted the impact of socioeconomic determinants on both forms of currenttobacco consumption adjusting for other socio-demographic variables. <br/><b>Results</b>: Trends of smoking and smokelesstobacco consumption across wealth quintiles were significant in different regions of India. Higher prevalenceof smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption was observed in the medium wealth quintiles. Risk of tobaccoconsumption among the poorest compared to the richest quintile was 1.6 times higher for smoking and 3.1 timeshigher for smokeless forms. Declining odds ratios of both forms of tobacco consumption with rising educationwere visible across regions. Poverty was a strong predictor in north and south Indian region for smoking and inall regions for smokeless tobacco use. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Poverty and poor education are strong risk factors for bothforms of tobacco consumption in India. Public health policies, therefore, need to be targeted towards the poorand uneducated.
Tobacco,wealth quintiles,smoking,smokeless,India,public health policy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28396.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28396_b8131c2d5d4c417e361bb05333e1da2c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Correlates of Susceptibility to Smoking among Secondary School Students in Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Malaysia
6971
6978
EN
<b>Background:</b> Smoking among adolescents has been linked to a variety of adverse and long term healthconsequences. “Susceptibility to smoking” or the lack of cognitive commitment to abstain from smoking is animportant predictor of adolescent smoking. In 2008, we conducted a study to determine the psycho-sociologicalfactors associated with susceptibility to smoking among secondary school students in the district of Kota Tinggi,Johor. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Two thousand seven hundred students were randomly selected by proportionalstratified sampling. Analyses on 1,736 non-smoking students revealed that prevalence of adolescents susceptibleto smoking was 16.3%. <br/><b>Results</b>: Male gender (aOR=2.05, 95%CI= 1.23-3.39), poor academic achievement (aOR1.60, 95%CI 1.05-2.44), ever-smoker (aOR 2.17, 95%CI 1.37-3.44) and having a smoking friend (aOR 1.76, 95%CI1.10-2.83) were associated with susceptibility to smoking, while having the perception that smoking prohibitionin school was strictly enforced (aOR 0.55, 95%CI 0.32-0.94), and had never seen friends smoking in a schoolcompound (aOR 0.59, 95%CI 0.37-0.96) were considered protective factors <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: These results indicatethat follow-up programmes need to capitalise on the modifiable factors related to susceptibility to smoking bygetting all stakeholders to be actively involved to stamp out smoking initiation among adolescents.
Susceptibility - adolescents smoking - Kota Tinggi,Malaysia - psycho-socio factors
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28397.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28397_e1f30af34ff51d92ce1c11fc609406d1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Suitability/Unsuitability of Cell Proliferation as an Indicator of Malignant Potential in Oral Lichen Planus: an Immunohistochemical Study
6979
6983
EN
<b>Background:</b> Oral lichen planus (OLP) is categorized as premalignant lesion although its malignant potentialis a matter of controversy. The objective of this study was to investigate Ki67 expression in OLP, oral epithelialdysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Expression of Ki67 was evaluatedthrough immunohistochemistry (IHC) in groups of A (17 cases of epithelial hyperplasia), B (16 cases of OLP), C1(10 cases of mild epithelial dysplasia), C2 (10 cases of severe epithelial dysplasia), D1 (10 cases of well-differentiatedOSCC), and D2 (10 cases of poorly-differentiated OSCC). <br/><b>Results</b>: There was a significant difference in Ki67expression based on quantitative analysis among the six studied groups as well as group B compared bilaterallywith groups C2, D1 and D2 (p< 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference between groups B and C1or between groups D1 and D2 (p> 0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Based on the results of the present study it may not bepossible to definitely consider malignant transformation potential for OLP. However, expression of Ki67 wassignificantly higher in OLP than that of epithelial hyperplasia with no significant difference from that of mildepithelial dysplasia. This should be considered by clinicians to carefully and regularly follow up OLP lesions todetect potential subtle changes at an early stage.
immunohistochemistry,Ki67,oral squamous cell carcinoma,Oral lichen planus,oral epithelial dysplasia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28398.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28398_643ac17a3ac042b99cacfa2e21e6bc70.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Time Trend of Out-of-pocket Expenditure among Cancer Inpatients: Evidence from Korean Tertiary Hospitals
6985
6989
EN
<b>Background:</b> This study aimed to examine out-of-pocket expenditure for cancer treatments of hospitalizedpatients and to analyze changing patterns over time. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This study examined data ofall cancer patients receiving inpatient care from two tertiary hospitals from January 2003 to December 2010.Medical expenditures per admission were calculated and classified into those covered and uncovered by theKorean National Health Insurance (NHI) and co-payment. <br/><b>Results</b>: The medical expenditure per admissionincreased slowly from 3,455 thousand Korean won (KRW) to 4,068 thousand KRW. While expenditures coveredby the NHI have increased annually, co-payments have generally decreased. The out-of-pocket expenditureratio, which means the proportion of uncovered expenditure and co-payment among total medical expendituredropped sharply from 2005 to 2007 and was maintained at a similar level after 2007. Medical expenditures, NHIcoverage, and the out-of-pocket expenditure ratio differed across cancer types. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: It is necessary tocontinually monitor the expenditure of uncovered services by the NHI, and to provide policies to reduce thiseconomic burden. In addition, an individual approach considering cancer type-specific characteristics andmedical utilization should be provided.
Hospitalization,medical expenditure,neoplasm type,out-of-pocket expenditure,Trends
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28399.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28399_e6dc1113e3002e392de598b8fb86f22c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Antioxidant and Anti-cancer Cell Proliferation Activity of Propolis Extracts from Two Extraction Methods
6991
6995
EN
Antioxidant activity, total phenolic, total flavonoid compounds and cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines of propolisextracts from two extraction methods were investigated in this study. Propolis was collected from Phayaoprovince and extracted with 70% ethanol using maceration and sonication techniques. The antioxidant activitywas evaluated by DPPH assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were also determined. Moreover, thecytotoxicity of propolis was evaluated using MTT assay. The percentage propolis yield after extraction usingmaceration (18.1%) was higher than using sonication (15.7%). Nevertheless, antioxidant and flavonoid compoundsof the sonication propolis extract were significant greater than using maceration. Propolis extract from sonicationshowed antioxidant activity by 3.30±0.15 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract. Total phenolic compound was18.3±3.30 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract and flavonoid compound was 20.49±0.62 mg quercetin/g extract.Additionally, propolis extracts from two extraction methods demonstrated the inhibitory effect on proliferation ofA549 and HeLa cancer cell lines at 24, 48 and 72 hours in a dose-dependent manner. These results are of interestfor the selection of the most appropriate method for preparation of propolis extracts as potential antioxidantand anticancer agents.
Anticancer,Antioxidant,Flavonoid,maceration,phenolic,propolis,Sonication
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28400.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28400_9dc06b752ddea206aa5d22a3a46353bd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Gastrointestinal, Liver and Biliary Tract Pathology: A Histopathological and Epidemiological Perspective from Pakistan with a Review of the Literature
6997
7005
EN
Aim: To present an epidemiological and histological perspective of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract(including liver and biliary tract) at the Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology, AKUH, Karachi,Pakistan. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: All consecutive endoscopic biopsies and resections between October 1 andDecember 31, 2012 were included. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 2,323 cases were included. Carcinoma was overwhelminglythe commonest diagnosis on esophageal biopsies (69.1%); chronic helicobacter gastritis (45.6%) followed byadenocarcinoma (23.5%) were the commonest diagnoses on gastric biopsies; adenocarcinoma (27.3%) followed byulcerative colitis (13.1%) were the commonest diagnoses on colonic biopsies; acute appendicitis (59.1%) was thecommonest diagnosis on appendicectomy specimens; chronic viral hepatitis (44.8%) followed by hepatocellularcarcinoma (23.4%) were the commonest diagnoses on liver biopsies; chronic cholecystitis was the commonestdiagnosis (over 89%) on cholecystectomy specimens. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Squamous cell carcinoma comprised 88.8%of esophageal cancers. About 67% were in the lower third and 56.5% were moderately differentiated; mean ages49.8 years for females and 55.8 years for males; 66% cases were from South West Pakistan. Over 67% patientswith gastric adenocarcinoma were males; mean ages 59 and 44 years in males and females respectively, about74% gastric carcinomas were poorly differentiated; and 62.2% were located in the antropyloric region. About63% patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were males; mean ages 46.1 and 50.5 years for males and femalesrespectively; tumor grade was moderately differentiated in 54%; over 80% were located in the left colon. In21.2% appendicectomies, no acute inflammation was found. Acute appendicitis was most common in youngpeople. Hepatitis C (66.3%) was more common than hepatitis B (33.7%); about 78% cases of hepatocellularcarcinoma occurred in males; females comprised 76.7% patients with chronic cholecystitis; and 77.8% patientswith gall bladder carcinoma. All resection specimens showed advanced cancers. Most cancers occurred afterthe age of 50 years.
Gastrointestinal tract,Liver,biliary tract,histopathology,Epidemiology,Pakistan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28401.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28401_6c64206f731fd8f4c1a96661896ed2a3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Negative Association of the HLA-DQB1*02 Allele with Breast Cancer Development among Jordanians
7007
7010
EN
<b>Background:</b> In the literature, data concerning the relationship between breast cancer and HLA class IIgene polymorphisms are limited, so the aim of this study was to determine if HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 MHCclass-II alleles may confer susceptibility or resistance to the disease among Jordanian females. Materials and<br/><b>Methods</b>: This case control study enrolled 56 Royal Hospital breast cancer patients and 60 age matched healthycontrols, all of whom provided blood samples (2011-2013). A questionnaire was filled after signing a consent formand DNA was extracted, nucleic acids being amplified for assessment of HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 alleles bymuliplex INNO-LiPA and allele typing carried out by reverse hybridization. Comparison of HLA-DQB1 andHLA-DRB1 allele distributions was carried out with paired t-test and chi-square statistics. Risk factors wereassessed by odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals. <br/><b>Results</b>: A significant negative correlation was observedbetween HLADQB1* 02 alleles and breast cancers (p=0.013). No significant associations were observed amongHLADQB1* 03, 04, 05 and 06 or among HLA-DRB1* 01, 03, 04, 07, 08, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 15. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:HLADQB1* 02 alleles may provide positive protection against breast tumor risk among Jordanians, but notHLADQB1* 03, 04, 05 and 06 or HLA-DRB1* 01, 03, 04, 07, 08, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 15 alleles.
HLA-DQB1,HLA-DRB1,Alleles,breast cancer,Susceptibility
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28402.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28402_99e61fbdf9e2d0b3d6a877e769842e3a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Association between Praziquantel and Cholangiocarcinoma in Patients Infected with Opisthorchis viverrini: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
7011
7016
EN
<b>Background:</b> The liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, and the associated incidence of subsequentcholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are still a public health problem in Thailand, and praziquantel (PZQ) remainsthe antihelminthic drug of choice for treatment. Evidence in hamsters shows that repeated infection and PZQtreatments could increase the risk of CCA. However, the existing evidence in humans is inconclusive regardingincreased risk of CCA with frequency of PZQ intake. <br/><b>Objectives</b>: To investigate the relationship between numberof repeated PZQ treatments and CCA in patients with O viverrini infection. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The reviewedstudies were searched in EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PubMed and SCOPUS from inception to October,2012 using prespecified keywords. The risk of bias (ROB) of included studies was independently assessed by tworeviewers using a quality scale from the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Risk effect of PZQ was estimated as apooled odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) in the random-effects model using DerSimonianand Laird’s estimator. <br/><b>Results</b>: Three studies involving 637 patients were included. Based on the random effectsmodel performed in two included studies of 237 patients, the association between PZQ treatments and CCA wasnot statistical significant with a pooled OR of 1.8 (95%CI; 0.81 to 4.16). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The present systematicreview and meta-analysis provides inconclusive evidence of risk effect of PZQ on increasing the risk of CCA andsignificant methodological limitations. Further research is urgently needed to address the shortcomings foundin this review, especially the requirement for histological confirmation.
cholangiocarcinoma,Opisthorchis viverrini,repeated praziquantel,treatments,Systematic review
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28403.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28403_2e3b41a4cdec622c5e574424688953e1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Smoking Prevention for Adolescents in Romanian Schools
7017
7021
EN
This study had two objectives. The first was to assess the frequency and content of school-based anti-smokingeducation received by Romanian adolescents aged 14-15. Secondly, the study aimed to evaluate to what extentthe implementation of a specific 5 lessons smoking prevention program influences the quality of anti-smokingschool education among Romanian adolescents. The investigation was performed in twenty schools from Cluj-Napoca, Romania, which were randomly assigned to the control and experimental conditions, resulting in 55participating classes from the seventh grade (28 in the control group and 27 in the experimental group). Theexperimental group participated in a school-based smoking prevention program consisting of 5 lessons. Thecontrol group beneficiated only in the standard anti-smoking education offered by their schools. Six monthsafter the program implementation, students from both experimental and control groups filled in a questionnaire,assessing several issues regarding their exposure to anti-smoking school education in the last year. The resultsshowed a low exposure to anti-smoking school education among the Romanian adolescents. The implementationof the specific school-based smoking prevention program increased the exposure of Romanian adolescents to ahigher number of lessons of smoking prevention and influenced positively the quality of these lessons. The studyidentified several gaps with respect to anti-smoking education in Romanian schools. It underlines the benefitsof the implementation of a school based smoking prevention program with a clear structure, which containsappropriate educational messages and it is easy to implement.
School-based smoking prevention programs,Health Education,young people,Romania
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28404.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28404_fd26cfeb1a1b68df8fbb9b605e1224b6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Obesity, Diet and Physical Inactivity and Risk of Breast Cancer in Thai Women
7023
7027
EN
To evaluate the relationship between obesity, diet, physical activity and breast cancer in Thai women, weconducted a case control study with 1,130 cases and 1,142 controls. Informed consent was obtained from allparticipants and a structured questionnaire was performed by trained interviewers to collect information ondemographic and anthropometric data, reproductive and medical history, residential history, physical activityand occupation as well as dietary habits. A significant positive association with an increased risk of breast cancerwas observed in women body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 mg/m2 (OR=1.33, 95%CI 1.07-1.65), the risk beinghigher in postmenopausal women (OR=1.67, 95%CI 1.24-2.25). In addition, underweight BMI at ages 10 and 20years showed an inverse association in all women (OR=0.70, 95%CI 0.56-0.88 and OR=0.74, 95%CI 0.59-0.93,respectively) and in those with a premenopausal status (OR=0.69, 95%CI 0.51-0.93 and OR=0.76, 95%CI 0.56-0.99, respectively). Regular exercise was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (OR=0.78, 95%CI0.68-0.98). Interestingly, analysis by type of activity revealed significant protective effects for women who reportedthe highest levels of walking for shopping (OR=0.58, 95%CI 0.38-0.88). High consumption of vegetables andfruit were associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer, while high consumption of animal fat showed anincreased risk in postmenopausal women. In conclusion, our results indicate that obesity and high consumptionof animal fat are associated with breast cancer risk, particularly in postmenopausal women, while recreationalphysical activity has protective effects. It seems that primary prevention of breast cancer should be promotedin an integrated manner. Effective strategies need to be identified to engage women in healthy lifestyles.
breast cancer,Diet,Obesity,physical activity,Case control study
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28405.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28405_9931a64012d6cee3909f05921f24e6bd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Survival of Cholangiocarcinoma Patients in Northeastern Thailand after Supportive Treatment
7029
7032
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a very common cancer in Northeastern Thailand. Most CCApatients see a physician at a late stage when curative surgery is not possible. After diagnosis, they generally aretreated by partial surgery/percutaneous drainage, chemotherapy and supportive treatment. <br/><b>Objective</b>: Thisstudy aimed to assess the survival rates of CCA patients after supportive treatment. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A retrospectivecohort design was applied in this study. Data for 746 CCA patients were extracted from the hospital-based cancerregistry of Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University. The patients were diagnosed (at least by ultrasonography)between 1 January, 2009 and 31 December, 2009 and then followed up for current status until 30 June, 2011.The cumulative survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and independent prognostic factorswere investigated using Cox regression. <br/><b>Results</b>: The total follow-up time was 5,878 person-months, and thetotal number of deaths was 637. The mortality rate was therefore 10.8 per 100 person-year (95%CI : 10.1-11.7).The cumulative 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 month survival rates were 59%, 39%, 31%, 24% and 14%, respectively. Themedian survival time after supportive treatment was 4 months. After adjusting for gender, age, stage, distantmetastasis, histological grading and treatment, stage was a significant predictor of survival of CCA patients.Those in stage III and stage IV had a 6.78 fold higher mortality than the stage I and stage II cases (95% CI :1.6-28.7). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: It is very important to encourage patients to see health personnel at an early stage.
cholangiocarcinoma,supportive treatment,Survival time,North-East Thailand
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28406.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28406_1fd4a3cf0c98e28f98bd549d7eb2be1a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Laryngeal Cancer in Kazakhstan - Ethnic, Age and Gender Differences over Time
7033
7037
EN
The purpose of the present study was to provide an assessment of the incidence of cancer of the larynx inKazakhstan with especial attention to ethnicity and gender, as well as age. The retrospective design covered allnew cases of laryngeal cancer in 11 years (1999-2009). The total number was 4,967 cases, 4,535 (91.3%) in malesand 432 (8.7%) in women, with a gender ratio of 10.5:1. Patients of Kazakh (31.2%) and Russian (51.4%) ethnicityaccounted for the vast majority (82.6%), with Russians predominating in both sexes, but particularly in females.Age peak in Kazakhs was 70 years and older (14.6±0.70/0000), and in Russians was 60-69 years (21.6±1.30/0000).In the dynamics, the rates had the tendency to decrease more markedly in Russian than Kazakh men, especiallyin the younger groups, while increase was noted in the youngest females of both ethnicities, but again greater inRussians, presumably reflecting change in underlying lifestyle factors.
laryngeal cancer,Incidence,Ethnic Groups,Gender,time trends,Kazakhstan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28407.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28407_a12b51a2e6df2ad47e3b7c63a589d31b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
11
2013
11
01
Development of a Community-Based Approach to Opisthorchiasis Control
7039
7043
EN
A liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrrini (OV), is the major cause of the high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma inNorth-eastern Thailand. The prevalence of OV infection remains high in various parts of the country, especiallyin wetland rural areas where a large proportion of the community work in agriculture and continue thetraditional practice of eating raw or uncooked cyprinoid fish products. The national control program seems tohave had little impact in many of these areas, and it has been difficult to make precise assessments of the overalleffectiveness of the program. Therefore there is a need for a community-based approach to prevent infectionwith the parasite, ideally involving as many players as possible. Here we document an attempt to assess the bestmeans to prevention on the basis of a community intervention in three villages in north-east Thailand, withparticipation of representatives of Health Promotion Hospitals of the Ministry of Public Health with dedicatedstaff, but also school teachers, independent government sponsored village health volunteers, and housewivesresponsible for cooking and diet selection. An action plan was followed, allowing detailed discussions of practicalproposals, their introduction and then repeated reflection and further proposals at the individual village level.
Opisthorchis viverrini,infection control programs,rural Thailand,community-based action plans
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28408.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28408_ed26c4e129851d5d2dbb3f5f54b9ed5f.pdf