West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
RNAi and miRNA in Viral Infections and Cancers
7045
7056
EN
Since the first report of RNA interference (RNAi) less than a decade ago, this type of molecular interventionhas been introduced to repress gene expression in vitro and also for in vivo studies in mammals. Understandingthe mechanisms of action of synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) underlies use as therapeutic agents inthe areas of cancer and viral infection. Recent studies have also promoted different theories about cell-specifictargeting of siRNAs. Design and delivery strategies for successful treatment of human diseases are becomingmoreestablished and relationships between miRNA and RNAi pathways have been revealed as virus-host cellinteractions. Although both are well conserved in plants, invertebrates and mammals, there is also variabilityanda more complete understanding of differences will be needed for optimal application. RNA interference (RNAi) israpid, cheap and selective in complex biological systems and has created new insight sin fields of cancer research,genetic disorders, virology and drug design. Our knowledge about the role of miRNAs and siRNAs pathwaysin virus-host cell interactions in virus infected cells is incomplete. There are different viral diseases but fewantiviral drugs are available. For example, acyclovir for herpes viruses, alpha-interferon for hepatitis C and Bviruses and anti-retroviral for HIV are accessible. Also cancer is obviously an important target for siRNA-basedtherapies, but the main problem in cancer therapy is targeting metastatic cells which spread from the originaltumor. There are also other possible reservations and problems that might delay or even hinder siRNA-basedtherapies for the treatment of certain conditions; however, this remains the most promising approach for a widerange of diseases. Clearly, more studies must be done to allow efficient delivery and better understanding ofunwanted side effects of siRNA-based therapies. In this review miRNA and RNAi biology, experimental design,anti-viral and anti-cancer effects are discussed.
RNA interference,micro RNA,antiviral agent- anticancer agent
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28409.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28409_9488d9ece8f72e239af694d89e96bad7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
How to Establish Acute Myeloid Leukemia Xenograft Models Using Immunodeficient Mice
7057
7063
EN
The discovery of the immunodeficient mice has provided a tool for establishing animal models as hosts for invivo analysis of AML. Various model systems have been established in the last few decades, and it is essential thatmurine AML models are developed to exploit more specific, targeted therapeutics. In this review, we concentrate onthe models of AML and discuss the development of immunodeficiency models for understanding of leukemogenesis,describe those now available and their values and document the methods used for establishing and identifyingAML mice models, as well as factors influencing engraftment of human AML in immunodeficient mice. Thus,the function of this article is to provide clinicians and experimentalists with a chronological, comprehensiveappraisal of all AML model systems.
SCID,NOD/SCID,Acute myeloid leukemia (AML),Model
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28410.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28410_57a47f7979e4fb900b56409161ba0ba9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Dokha: An Emerging Public Health Issue as a Form of Tobacco Smoking in the Middle East
7065
7067
EN
<b>Background:</b> Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of preventable death across the world today and thesmoking rates among men in the Arab world are amongst the highest in the world. Smoking of dokha, a traditionalArab tobacco is common in some of the Middle East countries such as the United Arab Emirates and Iran. Thisreview focuses on the prevalence, pattern and health effects of dokha use in the Middle East. For this purposean electronic search was performed in the following databases and websites: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Proquestand Google scholar up to December 2012. The search strategy was based on Internet search for the synonyms ofdohka or midwakh. From the results of the review it emerged that younger people are the most common usersof dokha. Hence effective outreach health education programs, targeting adolescents, especially school studentsbefore they take up the habit of smoking, may thus curb the emergence of the problem.
Dokha,middle-east,Tobacco,midwak,Prevalence,Prevention
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28411.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28411_d0afc28de07dd31c686678a957a72728.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Connections Between Various Trigger Factors and the RIP1/RIP3 Signaling Pathway Involved in Necroptosis
7069
7074
EN
Programmed cell death is a basic cellular process that is critical to maintaining tissue homeostasis. In contrastto apoptosis, necrosis was previously regarded as an unregulated and uncontrollable process. However, as researchhas progressed, necrosis, also known as necroptosis or programmed necrosis, is drawing increasing attention,not least becasu of its possible impications for cancer research. Necroptosis exhibits a unique signaling pathwaythat requires the involvement of receptor interaction protein kinases 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3), mixed lineagekinase domain-like (MLKL), and phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) and can be specifically inhibited bynecrostatins. Not only does necroptosis serve as a backup cell death program when apoptosis is inhibited, but itis now recognized to play a pivotal role in regulating various physiological processes and the pathogenesis of avariety of human diseases such as ischemic brain injury, immune system disorders and cancer. The control ofnecroptosis by various defined trigger factors and signaling pathways now offers the opportunity to target thiscellular process for therapeutic purposes. The purpose of this paper is to review current findings concerning theconnections between various trigger factors and the RIP1/RIP3 signaling pathway as it relates to necroptosis.
Necroptosis,TNFR,Fas,TRAILR,RIP1-RIP3 necrosome,MLKL complex
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28412.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28412_d4c33b6be8a7d5d063af0477939fb5eb.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Correlation of Habits and Clinical Findings with Histopathological Diagnosis in Oral Submucosal Fibrosis Patients
7075
7080
EN
<b>Background:</b> Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSMF) is one of the most prevalent premalignant conditions in Indiawhich is easy to diagnose but difficult to manage. At present it is considered as irreversible and incurable. It hasalso been referred to as an epidemic in India. Aims and <br/><b>Objectives</b>: To correlate the frequency and durationof habits with clinical staging, functional staging and histopathological grading and to correlate the clinicaland functional staging with histopathological grading. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The study included a total of90 subjects, 80 with OSMF in the experimental group and 10 patients in the control group. Patient personalhistory was recorded with chewing habits, including frequency and duration of chewing. The site of keepingthe quid, time duration and whether he/she swallows it or spits it were also noted. Clinical staging was doneon the presence of palpable fibrous bands. Functional staging was accomplished by measuring mouth opening.Incisional biopsy was done for all the patients for histopathological examination. Histopathological gradingwas according to Pindborg and Sirsat. <br/><b>Results</b>: The experimental group comprised 71 males and 9 females, themajority of which were in the age group of 21-30 years. Correlation of habits with clinical staging, functionalstaging and histopathological grading were significant (p<0.05). Clinical and functional staging did not correlatewith histopathological grading, but the correlation of clinical and functional staging was highly significant(p<0.01). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The widespread habit of chewing gutkha is a major risk factor for OSMF, especially inthe younger age group. In this study, it was found that with increase in the duration and frequency of the habitthe severity of the disease increased.
OSMF,habits,Frequency,Duration,clinical staging,functional staging,histopathological grading
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28413.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28413_ad593085b5c850762d3cf39ac64fc662.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
MicroRNA-802 Promotes Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation by Targeting p27
7081
7084
EN
MicroRNAs have been demonstrated to regulate proliferation and apoptosis in many types of cancers, butbiological functions in osteosarcomas remain relatively unknown. Here, we found expression of miR-802 to beup-regulated in osteosarcoma tissues in comparison with adjacent normal tissues. Enforced expression of miR-802was able to promote cell proliferation in U2OS and MG63 cells, while miR-802 antisense oligonucleotides (antisensemiR-802) inhibited cell proliferation. At the molecular level, our results further revealed that expression of p27,a negative cell-cycle regulator, was negatively regulated by miR-802. Therefore, the data reported here indicatethat miR-802 is an important regulator in osteosarcoma, our findings contributing to a better understanding ofimportant mis-regulated miRNAs in this tumour type.
MicroRNA-802,P27,osteosarcoma,Cell proliferation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28414.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28414_26bcc80d94c85a8493c1c41c8142c868.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
MicroRNA-155 Expression has Prognostic Value in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Digestive System Carcinomas
7085
7090
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: Published data have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) could play a potential role as diagnosticand prognostic indicators in cancers. Data for the predictive value of microRNA-155 are inconclusive. The aimof the present analysis was therefore to evaluate the role of miR-155 in prognosis for patients with a variety ofcarcinomas. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE. Data were extractedfrom studies comparing overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) or cancer-specific survival (CSS)in patients with carcinoma with higher miR-155 expression and those with lower levels. The pooled hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of miR-155 for clinical outcome were calculated. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 15studies were included. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for OS of higher miR-155 expression in cancerous tissuewas 1.89 (95% CI: 1.20-2.99, P =0.006), which could markedly predict poorer survival in general cancer. ForRFS/CSS, elevated miR-155 was also associated with poor prognosis of cancer (HR= 1.50, 95% CI: 1.10-2.05, P= 0.01). On subgroup analysis, the pooled HR for OS in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was 2.09 (95% CI:0.68-6.41, P > 0.05), but for RFS/CSS was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.05-1.55, P = 0.015), with statistical significance; thepooled HRs for OS and RFS/CSS in digestive system neoplasms were 3.04 (95% CI: 1.48-6.24, P =0.003) and2.61 (95% CI: 1.98-3.42, P<0.05), respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results indicated that the miR-155 expressionlevel plays a prognostic role in patients with cancer, especially NSCLCs and digestive system carcinomas.
cancer,miR-155,Prognosis,Biomarker,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28178.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28178_736f979b7079b3e2590f913b9073955f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Genetic Variation in a DNA Double Strand Break Repair Gene in Saudi Population: A Comparative Study with Worldwide Ethnic Groups
7091
7094
EN
DNA repair capacity is crucial in maintaining cellular functions and homeostasis. However, it can be alteredbased on DNA sequence variations in DNA repair genes and this may lead to the development of many diseasesincluding malignancies. Identification of genetic polymorphisms responsible for reduced DNA repair capacity isnecessary for better prevention. Homologous recombination (HR), a major double strand break repair pathway,plays a critical role in maintaining the genome stability. The present study was performed to determine thefrequency of the HR gene XRCC3 Exon 7 (C18067T, rs861539) polymorphisms in Saudi Arabian population incomparison with epidemiological studies by “MEDLINE” search to equate with global populations. The variantallelic (T) frequency of XRCC3 (C>T) was found to be 39%. Our results suggest that frequency of XRCC3 (C>T)DNA repair gene exhibits distinctive patterns compared with the Saudi Arabian population and this mightbe attributed to ethnic variation. The present findings may help in high-risk screening of humans exposed toenvironmental carcinogens and cancer predisposition in different ethnic groups.
DNA Repair,homologous recombination,XRCC3- polymorphisms,Saudi Arabia,ethnic variation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28179.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28179_2b351a77abe1b288a7e4ec30b3770b26.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Selective Inhibition of Bicyclic Tetrapeptide Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor on HDAC4 and K562 Leukemia Cell
7095
7100
EN
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors of cyclic peptide have been proved to be the most complex but themost stable and relative efficient inhibitors because of their large cap region. In this paper, a series of studieswere carried out to evaluate the efficacy of synthetic bicyclic tetrapeptide inhibitors 1-5 containing hydroxamicacid referring molecular docking, anti-proliferation, morphology and apoptosis. Docking analysis, togetherwith enzyme inhibitory results, verified the selective capability of inhibitor 4 to HDAC4, which might closelyrelated to haematological tumorigenesis, with Phe227, Asp115, Pro32, His198 and Ser114 participating intohydrophobic interactions and Van der Waals force which was familiar with former study. Moreover, inhibitor4 inhibited K562 cell line at the IC50 value of 1.22 μM which was 51-67 times more efficient than that for U937and HL60 cell lines. Inhibitor 4 exhibited the cell cycle-arrested capability to leukemia at S phase or G2/Mphase as well as apoptosis-induced ability in different degrees. Finally, we considered that bicyclic tetrapeptideinhibitors were promising inhibitors used in cancer treatment and inhibitor 4 could prevent K562 cell line wellfrom proliferation, arrest cell cycle and induce K562 towards apoptosis to achieve the goals of reversing cancercells which could become a potential leukemia therapeutic agent in the future.
Histone deacetylase inhibitor,bicyclic tetrapeptide,Leukemia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28180.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28180_7d5cdc0bb88480178befd9d84b567bf7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Risk Factors for Early Recurrence of HBV-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Meeting Milan Criteria after Curative Resection
7101
7106
EN
<b>Background:</b> The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection variesgreatly. Few studies had investigated the risk factors for early recurrence (recurrence-free time ≤ 1 year) ofhepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCCs meeting Milan criteria. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A retrospective analysis was performedon the 224 patients with HCC meeting Milan criteria who underwent curative liver resection in our center betweenFebruary 2007 and March 2012. The overall survival (OS) rate, recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate and riskfactors for early recurrence were analyzed. <br/><b>Results</b>: After a median follow-up of 33.3 months, HCC reoccurredin 105 of 224 patients and 32 died during the period. The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates were 97.3%, 81.6% and75.6% respectively, and the 1-, 3- and 5-year RFS rates were 73.2%, 53.7% and 41.6%. Cox regression showedalpha-fetoprotein (AFP) > 800 ng/ml (HR 2.538, 95% CI 1.464-4.401, P=0.001), multiple tumors (HR 2.286, 95%CI 1.123-4.246, P=0.009) and microvascular invasion (HR 2.518, 95% CI 1.475-4.298, P=0.001) to be associatedwith early recurrence (recurrence-free time ≤ 1-year) of HCC meeting Milan criteria. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: AFP > 800ng/ml, multiple tumors and microvascular invasion are independent risk factors affecting early postoperativerecurrence of HCC. In addition resection appears capable of replacing liver transplantation in some situationswith safety and a better outcome.
Hepatocellular carcinoma,Milan criteria,early recurrence,factors,curative resection
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28415.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28415_5d51488b59372c9a1ba20bfc5547259c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Clinical Impact of Palliative Treatment Using Octreotide for Inoperable Malignant Bowel Obstruction Caused by Advanced Urological Cancer
7107
7110
EN
Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO), an occasional complication in patients with advanced urological cancer,causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting leading to suffering which severely impairs qualityof life (QOL) . Drug therapy, especially octreotide, a synthetic analog of somatostatin, is reportedly effective incontrolling the symptoms of MBO. In the present study, we administered octreotide to urological cancer patientswith MBO and evaluated the improvement of subjective symptoms, oral intake, and nasogastric intubation.Fourteen terminally ill urological cancer patients suffering with MBO were included (age range 55-92, 10 male,4 female). Octreotide was administered at 300μg/day to those patients subcutaneously as a continuous injection.Significant improvements in subjective symptoms were observed in thirteen patients (92.8%), and ten patients(71.4%) were able to resume oral intake. Four patients required nasogastric drainage before the administrationof octreotide, but nasogastric intubation was discontinued in all these cases after the use of octreotide. Earlyinitiation of octreotide resulted in better improvement of MBO symptoms, and no adverse event was observedin any of the patients. These results revealed that 300μg/day dose of octreotide is safe and effective for managinggastrointestinal symptoms of terminally ill urological cancer patients with MBO. We also recommend startingthe treatment with ocreotide as soon as MBO is diagnosed.
Malignant bowel obstruction,Octreotide,Quality of Life,urological cancer,palliative care
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28416.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28416_4349efa1ea8825dd5219bcc0f19fecca.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Efficacy and Safety of Trastuzumab Added to Standard Treatments for HER2-positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients
7111
7116
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: Trastuzumab, an HER2-targeting agents, has shown efficacy in metastatic HER2-positivebreast cancer patients. Single-agent clinical trials have evaluated therapeutic regimens using trastuzumab formetastatic breast cancer patients. The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of trastuzumabin combination with chemotherapy or hormone therapy in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients.<br/><b>Methods</b>: A literature research was conducted in PubMed and to identify appropriate studies from relevantreviews. Randomized controlled trials comparing chemotherapy or hormone therapy regimens in combinationwith trastuzumab were eligible. Dadta on clinical outcomes, including safety, efficacy, and patient characteristicswere collected. <br/><b>Results</b>: Seven articles describing five trials were included in our systematic review and metaanalysis.Partners of trastuzumab included in trials were anthracycline, paclitaxel, docetaxel, anastrozole andletrozole. The addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy improved the overall survival (HR=0.79, 95%CI 0.65-0.96), while to hormone therapy did not (HR=0.85 95%CI 0.56-1.30). All trastuzumab-containing regimensincreased cardiac toxicity (RR=3.37, 95%CI 1.26-9.02) and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ adverse events. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our studysupports the addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy which is effective and tolerated for metastatic breastcancer with HER2+ patients. Of note, more adverse events will occur followed the use of trastuzumab, especiallycardiac toxicity, with two treatment regimens.
Trastuzumab,HER2-positive,Metastatic breast cancer,Chemotherapy,hormone therapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28417.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28417_40af40f8b7cc0ebd2cfc4a78c24059f2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Malignant Carcinoid Cancer Cause Specific Survival: Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results National Cancer Registry
7117
7120
EN
<b>Background:</b> This study hypothesized living in a poor neighborhood decreased the cause specific survival inindividuals suffering from carcinoid carcinomas. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) carcinoidcarcinoma data were used to identify potential socioeconomic disparities in outcome. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:This study analyzed socioeconomic, staging and treatment factors available in the SEER database for carcinoidcarcinomas. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze time to events and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test tocompare survival curves. The Cox proportional hazard method was employed for multivariate analysis. Areasunder the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) were computed to screen the predictors for furtheranalysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: There were 38,546 patients diagnosed from 1973 to 2009 included in this study. The meanfollow up time (S.D.) was 68.1 (70.7) months. SEER stage was the most predictive factor of outcome (ROC areaof 0.79). 16.4% of patients were un-staged. Race/ethnicity, rural urban residence and county level family incomewere significant predictors of cause specific survival on multivariate analysis, these accounting for about 5% ofthe difference in actuarial cause specific survival at 20 years of follow up. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This study found poorercause specific survival of carcinoid carcinomas of individuals living in poor and rural neighborhoods.
Carcinoid carcinomas,socioeconomic disparities,SEER registry,cause specific survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28418.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28418_0ac208cfa55310a1845d4b5e10e48e0d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Clinical Application of Endoscopic Inguinal Lymph Node Resection after Lipolysis and Liposuction for Vulvar Cancer
7121
7126
EN
Aim: To examine lymph nodes obtained after lipolysis and liposuction of subcutaneous fat of the inguinalregion of female vulvar cancer patients to explore the feasibility of clinical application. <br/><b>Methods</b>: The field ofoperation was on the basis of the range of the conventional resection of inguinal lymph nodes. We injected lipolysisliquid fanwise, started liposuction after 15-20 minutes; then the subcutaneous fatty tissue was sucked out clearlyby suction tube. We selected the first puncture holes located on 2-3 cm part below anterior superior spine, theothers respectively being located 3cm and 6cm below the first for puncturing into the skin, imbedding a trocarto intorduce CO<sub>2</sub> gas and the specular body, and excise the lymph nodes by ultrasonic scalpel. The surgicalfield chamber was set with negative pressure drainage and was pressured with a soft saline bag after surgery.<br/><b>Results</b>: A lacuna emerged from subcutaneous of the inguinal region after lipolysis and liposuction, with a widefascia easily exposed at the bottom where lymph nodes could be readily excised. The number of lymph nodesof ten patients excised within the inguinal region on each side was 4-18. The excised average number of lymphnodes was 11 when we had mature technology. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Most of adipose tissue was removed after lipolysisand liposuction of subcutaneous tissue of inguinal region, so that the included lymph nodes were exposed andeasy to excise by endoscope. This surgery avoided the large incision of regular surgery of inguinal region, theresults indicating that this approach is feasible and safe for used as an alternative technology.
Vulvar cancer,lymph nodes,liposuction,Laparoscopy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28419.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28419_72b52e184e9d7c13e0b03dd9e3d868d4.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
RPSA Gene Mutants Associated with Risk of Colorectal Cancer among the Chinese Population
7127
7131
EN
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inribosomal protein SA (RPSA) gene with colorectal cancer (CRC). A case-control study including 388 controls and387 patients with CRC was conducted in a Chinese population. Information about socio-demography and livingbehavior factors was collected by a structured questionnaire. Three SNPs (rs2133579, rs2269349, rs7641291)in RPSA gene were genotyped by Illumina SnapShot method. Multiple logistic regression models were used forassessing the joint effects between tea consumption and SNPs on CRC. The subjects with rs2269349 CC genotypehad a decreased risk for CRC (OR=0.60; 95%CI = 0.37-0.99), compared with TT/CT genotype after adjustmentfor covariates. A similar association of rs2269349 with rectal cancer was observed (OR=0.49; 95%CI=0.24-1.00).Further analyses indicated that this SNP could modify the protective effect of tea drinking on CRC. Amongthe subjects with rs2269349 TT/CT or rs2133579 AA/GA, there was a marginal significantly lower risk of CRC(OR and 95%CI: 0.63 and 0.39-1.01 for rs2269349; 0.64 and 0.40-1.02 for rs2133579) in tea-drinking subjects incomparison to non-tea-drinking subjects. Mutants in the RPSA gene might be associated with genetic susceptibilityto CRC and influence the protective effect of tea consumption in the Chinese population.
RPSA,association,Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP),colorectal cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28420.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28420_f9b37b7eeaf1d47742bdb5e2bb711866.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Assessing the Impact of Socio-economic Variables on Breast Cancer Treatment Outcome Disparity
7133
7136
EN
<b>Background:</b> We studied Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) breast cancer data of GeorgiaUSA to analyze the impact of socio-economic factors on the disparity of breast cancer treatment outcome. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: This study explored socio-economic, staging and treatment factors that were available in the SEERdatabase for breast cancer from Georgia registry diagnosed in 2004-2009. An area under the receiver operatingcharacteristic curve (ROC) was computed for each predictor to measure its discriminatory power. The bestbiological predictors were selected to be analyzed with socio-economic factors. Survival analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov 2-sample tests and Cox proportional hazard modeling were used for univariate and multivariate analysesof time to breast cancer specific survival data. <br/><b>Results</b>: There were 34,671 patients included in this study, 99.3%being females with breast cancer. This study identified race and education attainment of county of residenceas predictors of poor outcome. On multivariate analysis, these socio-economic factors remained independentlyprognostic. Overall, race and education status of the place of residence predicted up to 10% decrease in causespecific survival at 5 years. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Socio-economic factors are important determinants of breast canceroutcome and ensuring access to breast cancer treatment may eliminate disparities.
SEER,breast cancer,Race,neighborhood education attainment,Disparity,cause specific survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28421.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28421_f64ee5ee9d002bd613f402968ca1d184.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Inhibition of Nemo-like Kinase Increases Taxol Sensitivity in Laryngeal Cancer
7137
7141
EN
Several studies have shown that nemo-like kinase (NLK) plays a vital role in apoptosis of cancer cells. Thepresent research concerned effects and mechanisms of Taxol on NLK knockdown human laryngeal cancerHep-2cell lines in vitro. Using RNAi, methyl-thiazoltetrazolium (MTT) assays, real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting andflow cytometry analysis, growth and the cell cycle progression of NLK knockdown Hep-2 cells and expression ofdownstream molecules were observed. Cell growth was obviously suppressed in the Taxol treated group (P<0.001,48 hours). Cell numbers of combined Taxol-based chemotherapy with lentivirus mediated RNAi treatmentgroup (Lv-shNLK+Taxol goup) were significantly different from NLK-specific siRNA lentivirus infected group(Lv-shNLK group) (p<0.001). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Lv-shNLK+Taxol caused the G0/G1-phaseDNA content to decrease from 44.1 to 3.33% (p<0.001) and the S-phase DNA content to increase from 38.4 to82.0% (p<0.001), in comparison with the Lv-shNLK+Taxol group. Immunoblot analysis showed that knockdownof NLK led to significant reduction in the levels of cyclin D1, PCNA and PARP, whereas cyclin B1 was elevatedin. Cell growth was also obviously suppressed in the Hep-2 cell line, knockdown of NLK making them moresensitive to Taxol treatment. NLK is expected to become a target of new laryngeal cancer gene therapies.
Taxol,Sensitivity,nemo-like kinase,Hep-2 cells,laryngeal cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28422.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28422_e0e0b5a81e1df037c63bdd85674546de.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
The Decision-Making Journey of Malaysian Women with Early Breast Cancer: A Qualitative Study
7143
7147
EN
<b>Background:</b> The survival outcomes for women presenting with early breast cancer are influenced by treatmentdecisions. In Malaysia, survival outcome is generally poor due to late presentation. Of those who present early,many refuse treatment for complementary therapy. <br/><b>Objective</b>: This study aimed to explore the decision makingexperiences of women with early breast cancer. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A qualitative study using individualin-depth interviews was conducted to capture the decision making process of women with early breast cancerin Malaysia. We used purposive sampling to recruit women yet to undergo surgical treatment. A total of eightparticipants consented and were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. These women were recruitedfrom a period of one week after they were informed of their diagnoses. A topic guide, based on the Ottawa decisionsupport framework (ODSF), was used to facilitate the interviews, which were audio recorded, transcribedand analysed using a thematic approach. <br/><b>Results</b>: We identified four phases in the decision-making process ofwomen with early breast cancer: discovery (pre-diagnosis); confirmatory (‘receiving bad news’); deliberation;and decision (making a decision). These phases ranged from when women first discovered abnormalities in theirbreasts to them making final surgical treatment decisions. Information was vital in guiding these women. Supportfrom family members, friends, healthcare professionals as well as survivors also has an influencing role. However,the final say on treatment decision was from themselves. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The treatment decision for women withearly breast cancer in Malaysia is a result of information they gather on their decision making journey. Thisjourney starts with diagnosis. The women’s spouses, friends, family members and healthcare professionals playdifferent roles as information providers and supporters at different stages of treatment decisions. However, thefinal treatment decision is influenced mainly by women’s own experiences, knowledge and understanding.
Decision Making,in-depth interviews,Early breast cancer,Qualitative study,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28423.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28423_b8296c3a5592228226f02231031de6e2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Common Variants in the PALB2 Gene Confer Susceptibility to Breast Cancer: a Meta-analysis
7149
7154
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: Increasing scientific evidence suggests that common variants in the PALB2 gene may confersusceptibility to breast cancer, but many studies have yielded inconclusive results. This meta-analysis aimed toderive a more precise estimation of the relationship between PALB2 genetic variants and breast cancer risk.<br/><b>Methods</b>: An extensive literary search for relevant studies was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science,Cochrane Library, CISCOM, CINAHL, Google Scholar, CNKI and CBM databases from their inception throughSeptember 1st, 2013. A meta-analysis was performed using the STATA 12.0 software and crude odds ratios (ORs)with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. <br/><b>Results</b>: Six case-control studies were included with a totalof 4,499 breast cancer cases and 6,369 healthy controls. Our meta-analysis reveals that PALB2 genetic variantsmay increase the risk of breast cancer (allele model: OR>1.36, 95%CI: 1.20~1.52, P < 0.001; dominant model:OR>1.64, 95%CI: 1.42~1.91, P < 0.001; respectively). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity indicated PALB2 geneticvariants were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among both Caucasian and Asian populations(all P < 0.05). No publication bias was detected in this meta-analysis (all P > 0.05). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: The currentmeta-analysis indicates that PALB2 genetic variants may increase the risk of breast cancer. Thus, detection ofPALB2 genetic variants may be a promising biomarker approach.
breast cancer,PALB2,genetic variants,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28424.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28424_2e10ecaa9fa6c3f51f3ef953caae1ac8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Intra-operative Rectal Washout with Saline Solution Can Effectively Prevent Anastomotic Recurrence: a Meta-analysis
7155
7159
EN
Background and <br/><b>Objective</b>: Rectal washout with saline solution may theoretically prevent anastomoticrecurrence in patients with resectable rectal cancer, although exact clinical effects have not yet been determined. Inorder to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, the present meta-analysis was performed. <br/><b>Method</b>:Relevant studies were identified by a search of Medline, Embase and Google Website with no restrictions toSeptember 1, 2013, and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: 5 trials (642 participants)were included to assess the association between rectal washout with saline solution and anastomotic recurrence.The rate of anastomotic recurrence (AR) was 6.23% (40/642), with the pooled OR derived from the five studiesbeing 0.32 (95 % CI=0.15–0.70, P=0.004). The pooled OR derived from the TME and radical resection subgroupswere 0.72 (95%CI=0.16–3.12, P=0.66) and 0.51 (95%CI=0.13–1.96, P=0.32), respectively. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Resultsfrom this analysis show that intra-operative rectal washout with mere saline solution largely reduces the risk ofanastomotic recurrences in patients with resectable rectal cancer.
rectal cancer,rectal washout,anastomotic recurrence,Prevention,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28425.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28425_aaa03bfa423f1e329caa83df4b362e81.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Breast Cancer Awareness of Rural Women in Malaysia: is it the Same as in the Cities?
7161
7164
EN
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally. This study was conducted to compare theawareness of breast cancer and the practice of breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE)and mammography screening among rural females in Pahang and Perak. A cross-sectional study was carried outin five selected rural districts of Pahang and Perak. Two hundred and fifty households were randomly selectedand interviewed face to face using a semi-structured questionnaire. The majority of residents from both stateswere Malay, aged between 50 and 60 years and had a secondary level of education. Malay women aged 40–49years and women with a higher level of education were significantly more aware of breast cancer (p<0.05). Abouthalf of these women practiced BSE (60.7%) and CBE (56.1%), and 7% had underwent mammography screening.The results of this study suggest that women in Pahang and Perak have good awareness of breast cancer andthat more than half practice BSE and CBE. The women’s level of education appears to contribute to their levelof knowledge and health behaviour. However, more effort is needed to encourage all women in rural areas toacquire further knowledge on breast cancer.
breast cancer,awareness,Breast self-examination,Clinical Breast Examination,rural Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28426.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28426_38dc2e3115eebd52b980c184bfae6e16.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Glutathione-S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1) Null Phenotypes and Risk of Lung Cancer in a Korean Population
7165
7169
EN
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate any association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes withthe risk of lung cancer in a South Korean population. <br/><b>Methods</b>: We conducted a large-scale, population-basedcase-control study including 3,933 lung cancer cases and 1,699 controls. Genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 weredetermined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. <br/><b>Results</b>: In logistic regression analysis adjusted for age andsmoking, we did not find any association between GSTM1 or GSTT1 and LC risk in women. However, in men,the GSTM1 and GSTTI null genotypes were borderline associated with risk (OR=1.18, 95% CI=0.99-1.41 forGSTM1, OR=1.18, 95% CI=0.99-1.41 for GSTT1), and combined GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes conferredan increased risk for LC in men (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.08–1.78). The OR for the GSTT1 null genotype was greaterin subjects aged 55 years old or younger (OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.09-1.92 for men; OR=1.36, 95% CI=0.97–1.90for women), than in those over age 55 (OR=1.03, 95% CI=0.83-1.27 for men; OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.66–1.12 forwomen) in both genders (p for interaction <0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In the Korean population, the GSTM1 andGSTT1 null genotypes are risk factors for LC in men; the GSTT1 null genotype has a more prominent effecton LC risk in younger people (age 55 years and under) than in older individuals.
GSTM1,GSTT1,null phenotypes,Lung cancer,South Korean population
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28427.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28427_6cc22843582d1d885403a6d0dc2ffebe.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Comparison of Efficacy and Toxicity of First Line Chemotherapy with or without Epirubicin for Patients with Advanced Stage Soft Tissue Sarcoma
7171
7177
EN
Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of first-line chemotherapy regimen with or without doxorubicin intreating patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Patients and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We retrospectively analyzed acohort of 56 patients histologically confirmed with STS who were treated at Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and ResearchInstitute from July 2011 to June 2012.The basic element of first line chemotherapy contained epirubicin in groupB and lacked epirubicin in group A. Response was assessed using RECIST criteria. The Kaplan-Meier methodwas used to estimate progress free survival (PFS). <br/><b>Results</b>: According to RECIST criteria , patients in grouptreated by chemotherapy without epirubicin, the objective response (OR) ratio was 6.5 % (CR0%+PR6.5%).Disease control rate (DCR=CR+PR+SD) was 25.8% with a median follow-up of 14.6 months, including 2 patientsachieving a partial response (PR 6.5%) and a stable response (SD 19.4%) in 6. In group B with epirubicin basedregimens, no patient had complete response, PR (28 %) was observed in 7 and SD (24 %) in 6. DCR was observedin 13 patients (52%). By Fisher’s exact test, the DCR difference between the two groups was statistically significant(p=0.046). In group A, median PFS was 3.0 months (95%CI:2.1-3.8), compared with 4.0 months (95% CI:3.03-4.97) in group B (p=0.0397 by log-rank test). Epirubicin based chemotherapy and ECOG performance status 0-1were identified as favorable factors for progression in our cohort of patients. Differences of nonhematologic andhematologic toxicities were not statistically significant between the two groups, and the addition of epirobicinwas not associated with cardiac toxicity (p=0.446). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our study demonstrates that epirubicin-basedchemotherapy is effective and well tolerated, and is superior to chemotherapy without epirubicin regardingefficacy. Therefore it is recommended that epirubicin-based chemotherapy should be considered as first line forpatients with advanced STS.
first line chemotherapy,doxorubicin,advanced stage soft tissue sarcoma,epirubicin
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28428.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28428_e3724bcf2042c325a0f363580060b8fd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Scutellaria Extract Decreases the Proportion of Side Population Cells in a Myeloma Cell Line by Down-regulating the Expression of ABCG2 Protein
7179
7186
EN
Background and Aims: Scutellaria is one of the most popular traditional Chinese herbal remedies againstvarious human diseases, including cancer. In this study, we examined the active effects of Scutellaria extractand its main flavonoid constituents on the proportion of side population cells within human multiple myelomacell line RPMI8226 in vitro and explored the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:The contents of flavonoids in ethanolic extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi were determined using highperformance liquid chromatography. The antiproliferative effect of the ethanolic extract on RPMI-8226 wasdetermined by CCK assay. Apoptosis was measured by annexin combining with propidium iodide in a flowcytometer. Cell cycle analysis was performed by propidium iodide staining in combination with flow cytometryanalysis. Hoechst 33342 exclusion assay was used for the identification of side population within RPMI8226cells. The expression of ABCG2 protein was assessed by Western blotting assay. <br/><b>Results</b>: The content of majorflavonoids constitutents of Scutellaria extract was baicalin (10.2%), wogonoside (2.50%), baicalein (2.29%), andwogonin (0.99%), respectively. The crude Scutellaria extract did not show significant anti-proliferative effect,apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest in RPMI-8226 within the concentrations of 1-75μg/mL. However, theethanolic extract, baicalein, wogonin and baicalin reduced the side population cells in RPMI-8226, and datashowed that baicalein and wogonin had stronger inhibitory effects. Correspondingly, they also exhibited significanteffects on decreasing the expression level of ABCG2 protein in RPMI-8226 in vitro. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our results forthe first time demonstrated a novel mechanism of action for Scutellaria extract and its main active flavonoids,namely targeting SP cells by modulating the expression of ABCG2 protein. This study provides an insight fornew therapeutic strategies targeting cancer stem cells of multiple myeloma.
multiple myeloma,Scutellaria,side population cells,ABCG2 protein
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28429.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28429_faee08ad1594cde5a1dca875c4a17d58.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Expression of CYP1A1 and GSTP1 in Human Brain Tumor Tissues in Pakistan
7187
7191
EN
Most of the exogenous and endogenous chemical compounds are metabolized by enzymes of xenobioticprocessing pathways, including the phase I cytochrome p450 species. Carcinogens and their metabolites aregenerally detoxified by phase II enzymes like glutathione-S-transferases (GST). The balance of enzymesdetermines whether metabolic activation of pro-carcinogens or inactivation of carcinogens occurs. Under certainconditions, deregulated expression of xenobiotic enzymes may also convert endogenous substrates to metabolitesthat can facilitate DNA adduct formation and ultimately lead to cancer development. In this study, we aimed totest the association between deregulation of metabolizing genes and brain tumorigenesis. The expression profile ofmetabolizing genes CYP1A1 and GSTP1 was therefore studied in a cohort of 36 brain tumor patients and controlsusing Western blotting. In a second part of the study we analyzed protein expression of GSTs in the same studycohort by ELISA. CYP1A1 expression was found to be significantly high (p<0.001) in brain tumor as comparedto the normal tissues, with ~4 fold (OR=4, 95%CI=0.43-37) increase in some cases. In contrast, the expressionof GSTP1 was found to be significantly low in brain tumor tissues as compared to the controls (p<0.02). Thisdown regulation was significantly higher (OR=0.05, 95%CI=0.006-0.51; p<0.007) in certain grades of lesions.Furthermore, GSTs levels were significantly down-regulated (p<0.014) in brain tumor patients compared tocontrols. Statistically significant decrease in GST levels was observed in the more advanced lesions (III-IV,p<0.005) as compared to the early tissue grades (I-II). Thus, altered expression of these xenobiotic metabolizinggenes may be involved in brain tumor development in Pakistani population. Investigation of expression of thesegenes may provide information not only for the prediction of individual cancer risk but also for the preventionof cancer.
CYP1A1,GSTP1,Gene expression,Brain tumors,Pakistan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28430.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28430_9bb6ac678559c301100c5052b5a56453.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Detection of Recurrence in a Surveillance Program for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
7193
7196
EN
Ovarian cancer patients need a surveillance program for the detection of tumor progression after completionof treatment. The methods generally consist of history taking, physical examination, tumor marker monitoringand imaging. However, the details of recurrence detection with each method are not well defined. To clarify thisissue, ovarian cancer patients who achieved complete or partial responses and developed tumor progressionat the follow up time between January 2004 and December 2010 in University Hospital Chiang Mai, Thailand,were reviewed. Clinical data, CA 125 level and imaging results at the tumor progression time were recorded andanalyzed. There were 144 ovarian cancer patients meeting the inclusion criteria with the mean age of 51 yearsand 62.5% of them were in an advanced stage. Complete response was achieved in 89 patients (61.8%) afterprimary treatment. The median progression free survival and overall survival were 15.5 months and 37.5 months,respectively. Abnormal symptoms presented in 49.3% of the studied patients and 59.7% developed physicalexamination abnormalities. In addition, CA 125 was elevated in 89.6% while in 74.3% of tumor progressionwas identified by CT-scan. Short treatment time period and a high level of CA 125 were significant independentprognostic factors in these patients. In conclusion, careful history taking, physical examination and monitoringof CA 125 levels are important methods for tumor progression detection in a surveillance program for epithelialovarian cancer patients.
Surveillance program,Epithelial Ovarian Cancer,Recurrence,Detection,Thailand
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28431.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28431_62d6dfaa043dc0f3c991673407ff86f3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Effect of Diallyl Trisulfide on Human Ovarian Cancer SKOV-3/DDP Cell Apoptosis
7197
7201
EN
Aim: To investigate the effects of diallyl trisulfide (DT) on apoptosis of cisplatin (DDP)-resistant humanepithelial ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells (SKOV-3/DDP), and the role of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis(PUMA). <br/><b>Methods</b>: SKOV-3/DDP cells were randomly divided into control, DT, DPP and DPP+DT groups,which were treated with DT or combined DT and DDP. All cells were incubated for 48 h. and apoptosis rateswere assessed by flow cytometry. mRNA and protein expression of PUMA, Bax and Bcl-2 was determined byRT-PCR and Western blot assays, respectively. <br/><b>Results</b>: Compared with control group, the apoptosis rates ofSKOV-3/DDP cells in DT groups were obviously increased, with dose-dependence (P < 0.05), the mRNA andprotein expressions of PUMA, Bax also being up-regulated (P < 0.05), while those of Bcl-2 were down-regulated(P < 0.05). Compared with DT groups, the apoptosis rate in the DDP+DT group was significantly increased (P< 0.05). After knockdown of PUMA with specific siRNA, the apoptosis rate of SKOV-3/DDP cells was obviouslydecreased (P < 0.05). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: DT can promote the apoptosis of SKOV-3/DDP cells with PUMA playing acritical role.
Diallyl trisulfide,SKOV-3/DDP cell,Puma,human ovarian cancer,Apoptosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28432.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28432_3150d21b3ca9007ad1faae123a690fce.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Meta-analysis of Excision Repair Cross-complementation Group 1 (ERCC1) Association with Response to Platinumbased Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer
7203
7206
EN
Recent studies suggested that the ovarian cancers with negative excision repair cross-complementation group1 enzyme (ERCC1) expression have a better response to platinum-based chemotherapy than those with positiveERCC1 expression. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether ERCC1 expression is associated withresponse to platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancers. MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science and CNKIdatabases were used for searching studies relating to ERCC1 protein expression and response to platinum-basedchemotherapy in ovarian cancers. Statistical analysis was based on the method for a fixed effects meta-analysis.Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals for ERCC1 protein expression and response to platinumbasedchemotherapy were generated. Publication bias was investigated with Begg’s test. Five studies involving306 patients with ovarian cancer were included. Compared to patients with positive ERCC1 expression, thosewith negative ERCC1 expression had a better response to platinum-based chemotherapy. The pooled OR was5.264 (95% CI: 2.928 – 9.464, P < 0.001) and publication bias was not found (P = 0.904). The result was similarin both in Asians and Caucasians (P < 0.001 and P = 0.028, respectively). ERCC1 protein e
ERCC1,platinum-based chemotherapy,Ovarian Cancer,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28433.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28433_0eb2b3e0ba28f9f42a109278095cad67.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Factors Associated with Mammography Adherence among Married Chinese Women in Yanbian, China
7207
7213
EN
<b>Background:</b> Despite the efficacy of regular mammograms, the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancerhave been increasing in China. Insufficient studies on the factors affecting mammography adherence in Chinesemarried women have been conducted. The purpose of the present study was to explore the factors associated withadherence to guidelines for regular mammography among Chinese married women. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Theparticipants were recruited conveniently and included Chinese and Korean Chinese women who were married,living at Yanbian City in China. Demographic information, status regarding eight risk factors of breast cancer,health responsibility, and perceived benefits/barriers of mammography were obtained. Descriptive analyses,t-test, and multivariate analysis were performed. Hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to explore thefactors associated with regular mammography adherence in Chinese and Korean Chinese subgroups. <br/><b>Results</b>:About 24% of the sample population was adherent in going for regular mammography. The adherent groupwas significantly more educated, had more children, and had a lower proportion experiencing early menarcheand a greater menopausal proportion than the non-adherent group. The final model using logistic regressionanalysis showed that being Chinese [OR=2.199 (1.224-3.951)], having no or one child [OR=4.879 (1.835-12.976)],early menarche [OR=3.515 (1.057-11.694)], being menopausal [OR=3.120 (0.965-10.088)], aged 40-49 [OR=2.374(1.099-5.124)], having low education [OR=0.400 (0.211-0.765)], and perceiving greater benefits in doingmammography [OR=1.080 (1.014-1.151)] were significantly associated with mammography adherence, aftercontrolling for covariates. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Sociocultural sensitive intervention for minorities should be emphasizedwhen improving the adherence of regular mammography. Intervention tailored for women with lower educationshould be delivered and the benefits of mammography should be propagated to women in rural areas of China.
breast cancer,mammography,Adherence,Chinese,Perceived benefits,Women
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28434.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28434_911bf91c1b1d54bcda395eb7a82b7c15.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Lack of Assocation of Glutathione S-transferase T1 Gene Null and Susceptibility to Lung Cancer in China: a Meta-analysis
7215
7219
EN
<b>Background:</b> Variation in metabolic genes is regarded as an important factor in processes leading to cancer.However, the effect of GSTT1 null genotype is divergent in the form of lung cancer. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Studies wereconducted at different research databases from 1990 to 2013 and the total odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidenceinterval (CI) were calculated for lung cancer. Review Manager 5.2 and STATE 12 are employed. <br/><b>Results</b>: TotalOR value is calculated from 17 articles with 2,118 cases and 2,915 controls. We discovered no significant increasein lung cancer risk among subjects carrying GSTT1 null genotype [OR = 1.15; 95% CI 0.97-1.36] in this metaanalysis.<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: The GSTT1 deletion polymorphism does not have a significant effect on the susceptibilityto lung cancer overall in China.
Glutathione S-transferase T1 gene (GSTT1),Genetic polymorphism,Lung cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28435.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28435_197a753c2eb3d4d57256bf62200d83db.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Comprehensive Bioinformation Analysis of the MRNA Profile of Fascin Knockdown in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
7221
7227
EN
<b>Background:</b> Fascin, an actin-bundling protein forming actin bundles including filopodia and stress fibers,is overexpressed in multiple human epithelial cancers including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Previously we conducted a microarray experiment to analyze fascin knockdown by RNAi in ESCC. <br/><b>Method</b>:In this study, the differentially expressed genes from mRNA expression profilomg of fascin knockdown wereanalyzed by multiple bioinformatics methods for a comprehensive understanding of the role of fascin. <br/><b>Results</b>:Gene Ontology enrichment found terms associated with cytoskeleton organization, including cell adhesion, actinfilament binding and actin cytoskeleton, which might be related to fascin function. Except GO categories, thedifferentially expressed genes were annotated by 45 functional categories from the Functional Annotation Chartof DAVID. Subpathway analysis showed thirty-nine pathways were disturbed by the differentially expressedgenes, providing more detailed information than traditional pathway enrichment analysis. Two subpathwaysderivated from regulation of the actin cytoskeleton were shown. Promoter analysis results indicated distinguishingsequence patterns and transcription factors in response to the co-expression of downregulated or upregulateddifferentially expressed genes. MNB1A, c-ETS, GATA2 and Prrx2 potentially regulate the transcription of thedownregulated gene set, while Arnt-Ahr, ZNF42, Ubx and TCF11-MafG might co-regulate the upregulatedgenes. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This multiple bioinformatic analysis helps provide a comprehensive understanding of theroles of fascin after its knockdown in ESCC.
Fascin,Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,knockdown,Bioinformatics analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28436.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28436_764f22dc0ce466494fdea7f3cfecdb7e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Efficacy of a Training Program for Long-Term Disease-Free Cancer Survivors as Health Partners: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Korea
7229
7235
EN
<b>Background:</b> To determine whether the Health Partner Program is effective in training long-term cancersurvivors to be health coaches. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We randomly assigned cancer survivors who were selectedthrough a rigorous screening process to either the Health Partner Program or the waiting-list control group. Theprogram consisted of 8 weeks of training in health management, leadership, and coaching. At baseline, 8, and 16weeks, we measured primary outcomes using the Seven Habit Profile (SHP), the Korean Leadership CoachingCompetency Inventory (KCCI), Ed Diner’s Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Posttraumatic Growthinventory (PTGI) and secondary outcomes using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Impactof Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) short form 36-item questionnaire (SF-36). <br/><b>Results</b>: We recruited 70 subjects and randomly assigned 34 to the intervention group. The Sharpen the Sawhabit of the SHP increased significantly more in intervention group than in the control group (p = 0.049), as didmost PTGI factors. The intervention group also showed a significantly greater enhancement of vitality (p = 0.015)and mental health (p = 0.049) SF-36 scores but no improvement in KCCI, SWLS, HADS, or IES-R scores. Theintervention group also showed a greater clinically meaningful improvement in the “Think Win-Win” of SHP(p = 0.043) and in the personal strength score (p = 0.025) and total score (p = 0.015) of the PTGI. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Long-term cancer survivors can benefit from the Health Partner Program to become health coaches.
Health Partner Program,long-term cancer survivors,health coaches,Korea
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28437.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28437_ba14799252c403587f5dda0330975cfd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Perception and Practices of Physicians in Addressing the Smokeless Tobacco Epidemic: Findings from Two States in India
7237
7241
EN
<b>Background:</b> Smokeless tobacco use in South Asia is believed to be a significant contributor to morbidityand mortality. In India, only a few studies involving health educational intervention by health care providershave demonstrated reduction in smokeless tobacco usage. In the present study we assessed the cessation effortstowards smokeless tobacco by physicians in two high tobacco prevalence states of India. The study also identifiedopportunities and barriers for integration of tobacco cessation services in routine practices of physicians.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This mixed method study involved qualitative (phase I) and quantitative researchstudy (phase II). In phase I, 59 in-depth interviews with physicians were conducted. In phase II, a quantitativestudy conducted among 238 physicians. An inductive approach was followed to analyze qualitative data usingATLAS. Ti software. The Chi-square test was employed to test the association between different variables ofinterest using SPSS version 17. <br/><b>Results</b>: The majority of physicians related only respiratory problems and cancerwith smokeless tobacco. Other major health effects like cardio-vascular problems, oral diseases, and effects onreproductive and neonatal health were recognized only by a few physicians. The age-group of 10-19 years wasidentified as most vulnerable to smokeless tobacco use. Less than one-third of physicians reported recordingsmokeless tobacco history of all patients. Findings indicated that less than half of physicians provided informationon harmful health effects of smokeless tobacco with regard to specific diseases. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The study revealeda low level of knowledge of physicians about harmful effects of tobacco and their suboptimal engagement intobacco control practices. The study indicates the need of capacity building initiatives to equip physicians withskills in tobacco cessation.
smokeless tobacco,physicians,cessation education,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28438.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28438_4c2987b074067368f4814f03231d3758.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Oral Cancer: Evidence from a Meta-analysis
7243
7249
EN
Numerous studies have been conducted regarding association between TNF-α and oral cancer risk, but theresults remain controversial. The present meta-analysis is performed to acquire a more precise estimation ofrelationships. Databases of Pubmed, the Cochrane library and the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI)were retrieved until August 10, 2013. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) werecalculated with fixed- or random-effect models. The heterogeneity assumption was assessed by I-squared test.Among the eight included case-control studies, all were focused on TNF-α-308G>A and four also concernedthe TNF-α-238G>A polymorphism. It was found that oral cancer risk were significant decreased with theTNF-α-308G>A polymorphism in the additive genetic model (GG vs. AA, OR=0.19, 95% CI: [0.04, 1.00],P=0.05, I2=68.9%) and the dominant genetic model (GG+GA vs. AA, OR=0.22, 95% CI: [0.06, 0.82], P=0.03,I2=52.4%); however, no significant association was observed in allele contrast (G vs. A, OR=0.70, 95% CI: [0.23,2.16], P=0.54, I2=95.9%) and recessive genetic models (GG vs. GA+AA, OR=0.72, 95% CI: [0.33, 1.57], P=0.41,I2=93.1%). For the TNF-α-238G>A polymorphism, significant associations with oral cancer risk were found inthe allele contrast (G vs. A, OR=2.75, 95% CI: [1.25, 6.04], P=0.01, I2=0.0%) and recessive genetic models (GGvs. GA+AA, OR=2.23, 95%CI: [1.18, 4.23], P=0.01, I2=0.0%). Conclusively, this meta-analysis indicates thatTNF-α polymorphisms may contribute to the risk of oral cancer. Allele G and the GG+GA genotype of TNF-α-308G>A may decrease the risk of oral cancer, while allele G and the GG genotype of TNF-α-238G>A may causean increase.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,oral cancer,Meta-analysis,Polymorphism
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28439.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28439_bbdb116c7633659ccdeeda50ba746f9c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Attributable Causes of Liver Cancer Mortality and Incidence in China
7251
7256
EN
<br/><b>Objectives</b>: To estimate the proportion of liver cancer cases and deaths due to infection with hepatitis B virus(HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), aflatoxin exposure, alcohol drinking and smoking in China in 2005. Studydesign: Systemic assessment of the burden of five modifiable risk factors on the occurrence of liver cancer inChina using the population attributable fraction. <br/><b>Methods</b>: We estimated the population attributable fractionof liver cancer caused by five modifiable risk factors using the prevalence data around 1990 and data on relativerisks from meta-analyses, and large-scale observational studies. Liver cancer mortality data were from the 3rdNational Death Causes Survey, and data on liver cancer incidence were estimated from the mortality data fromcancer registries in China and a mortality/incidence ratio calculated. <br/><b>Results</b>: We estimated that HBV infectionwas responsible for 65.9% of liver cancer deaths in men and 58.4% in women, while HCV was responsible for27.3% and 28.6% respectively. The fraction of liver cancer deaths attributable to aflatoxin was estimated to be25.0% for both men and women. Alcohol drinking was responsible for 23.4% of liver cancer deaths in men and2.2% in women. Smoking was responsible for 18.7% and 1.0% . Overall, 86% of liver cancer mortality andincidence (88% in men and 78% in women) was attributable to these five modifiable risk factors. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:HBV, HCV, aflatoxin, alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking were responsible for 86% of liver cancer mortalityand incidence in China in 2005. Our findings provide useful data for developing guidelines for liver cancerprevention and control in China and other developing countries.
population attributable fraction,Liver cancer,risk factors,China
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28440.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28440_2228d0604d28cba84efce160dc2d027a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Spectrum of Cytological Findings in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Breast Lumps with Histopathology Correlation: Experience in a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital in India
7257
7260
EN
To determine the pattern of disease in patients presenting with breast lumps and to determine the sensitivityand specificity of fine needle aspiration cytology of benign and malignant diseases as a diagnostic tool by correlatingwith histopathology findings. This retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, MaharajaAgrasen Medical College, Agroha, from Jan 2008 to April 2012. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performedon 370 cases and out of these 52 cases were received in the Department for histopathological examination.Fibroadenoma was the most common disease encountered, in 88 (24%), with a peak incidence in second andthird decade of life. Fibrocystic disease was second, being common in the third and fourth decades of life. Peakincidences of duct ectasia, granulomatous and tubercular mastitis were seen in the third decade. Gynaecomastiashowed two peak incidences in second and sixth decades of life . Out of total 370 cases undergoing fine needleaspiration, benign cases were 316 (85.4%), malignant and suspicious were 54 (14.6%) and 10 (2.70%) respectively.Out of total 22 histological confirmed malignant lesions 19 were interpreted as malignant cytologically whiletwo as suspicious and one as benign. All thirty histologically confirmed benign cases were diagnosed as benigncytologically. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 98%, 100%, 100% and96.4% respectively. FNA cytology is highly accurate for diagnosis of breast masses. However, the clinician shouldcorrelate FNA cytological results with physical examination and imaging findings to prevent false negative andfalse positive events and to obtain optimal management of their patients.
Breast lumps,Fibroadenoma,Ductal carcinoma,Diagnostic accuracy,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28441.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28441_34031143f3c38fa4ae0e8c5012c1681b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Molecular Investigation of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Gene (IDH) Mutations in Gliomas: First Report of IDH2 Mutations in Indian Patients
7261
7264
EN
Recent genome wide sequencing has identified mutations in IDH1/IDH2 predominantly in grade II-III gliomasand secondary glioblastomas which are associated with favorable clinical outcome. These mutations have becomemolecular markers of significant diagnostic and prognostic relevance in the assessment of human gliomas. In thecurrent study we evaluated IDH1 (R132) and IDH2 (R172) in 32 gliomas of various grades and tumor subtypes.Sequencing analysis revealed R132H mutations in 18.7% tumors, while none of the cases showed IDH2 (R172)mutations. The frequency of IDH1 mutations was higher in females (21.4%) than males (11.1%), and it wassignificantly higher in younger patients. Histological analyses demonstrated presence of necrosis and microvascular proliferation in 69% and 75% respectively. Interestingly, IDH1 mutations were predominantly presentin non-necrotic tumors as well as in cases showing microvascular proliferation. Of the six IDH1 positive cases,three were glioblastomas (IV), and one each were anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (III), anaplastic oligodendrogliomaIII (n=1) and diffuse astrocytoma. In conclusion, IDH1 mutations are quite frequent in Indian glioma patientswhile IDH2 mutations are not observed. Since IDH mutations are associated with good prognosis, their use inroutine clinical practice will enable better risk stratification and management of glioma patients.
Glioma,IDH1 mutation,IDH2 mutation,sequencing,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28442.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28442_27d94daa26d7f62087519d35c2686103.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
New Insights into 4-Amino-2-tri-fluoromethyl-phenyl Ester Inhibition of Cell Growth and Migration in the A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line
7265
7270
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: The present study was designed to investigate the probable mechanisms of synthetic retinoid4-amino-2-tri-fluoromethyl-phenyl ester (ATPR) inhibition of the proliferation and migration of A549 humanlung carcinoma cells. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: After the A549 cells were treated with different concentrationsof ATPR or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for 72 h, scratch-wound assays were performed to assess migration.Immunofluorescence was used to determine the distribution of CAV1 and RXRα, while expression of CAV1,MLCK, MLC, P38, and phosphorylation of MLC and P38 were detected by Western blotting. <br/><b>Results</b>: ATPRcould block the migration of A549 cells. The relative migration rate of ML-7 group had significantly decreasedcompared with control group. In addition, ATPR decreased the expression of a migration related proteins,MLCK, and phosphorylation of MLC and P38. ATPR could also influence the expression of RARs or RXRs. Atthe same time, CAV1 accumulated at cell membranes, and RXRα relocated to the nucleus after ATPR treatment.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Caveolae may be implicate in the transport of ATPR to the nucleus. Change in the expression anddistribution of RXRα may be implicated in ATPR inhibition of A549 cell proliferation. The mechanisms of ATPRreduction in A549 cell migration may be associated with expression of MLCK and phosphorylation of MLC andP38.
Retinoid ATPR,all-trans retinoic acid,A549 cells,migration,Proliferation,myosin light chain kinase
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28443.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28443_13d83cf4fbd6926a222d8f104f6c506e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Lack of any Association between Insertion/Deletion (I/D) Polymorphisms in the Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene and Digestive System Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis
7271
7275
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To investigate the association between the gene polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) and digestive system cancer risk. <br/><b>Method</b>: A search was performed in Pubmed, Medline, ISI Web ofScience and Chinese Biomedical (CBM) databases, covering all studies until Sep 1st, 2013. Statistical analysiswas performed by using Revman5.2 and STATA 12.0. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 15 case-control studies comprising 2,390digestive system cancer patients and 9,706 controls were identified. No significant association was found betweenthe I/D polymorphism and digestive cancer risk (OR =0.93, 95%CI = (0.75, 1.16), P =0.53 for DD+DI vs. II). Inthe subgroup analysis by ethnicity and cancer type, no significant associations were found for the comparisonof DD+DI vs. II. Results from other comparative genetic models also indicated a lack of associations betweenthis polymorphism and digestive system cancer risks. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This meta-analysis suggested that the ACED/I polymorphism might not contribute to the risk of digestive system cancer.
ACE,digestive system cancer,Meta-analysis,Polymorphism
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28444.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28444_0f43a3895a7fbf1364182cafafb81b96.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Clinico-pathology of Lung Cancer in a Regional Cancer Center in Northeastern India
7277
7281
EN
<b>Background:</b> Globally, there have been important changes in trends amongst gender, histology and smokingpatterns of lung cancer cases. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This retrospective study was conducted on 466 patientswith lung cancer who were registered in Regional Cancer Center, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Manipurfrom January 2008 to December 2012. <br/><b>Results</b>: Most were more than 60 years of age (67.8%) with a male:female ratio of 1.09:1. Some 78.8% of patients were chronic smokers with male smoker to female smoker ratioof 1.43:1. Consumption of alcohol was found in 29.4%, both smoking and alcohol in 27.5%, betel nut chewingin 37.9% and tobacco chewing in 25.3%. A history of tuberculosis was present in 16.3% of patients. The mostfrequent symptom was coughing (36.6%) and most common radiological presentation was a mass lesion (70%).Most of the patients had primary lung cancer in the right lung (60.3%). The most common histological subtypewas squamous cell carcinoma (49.1%), also in the 40-60 year age group (45.9%), more than 60 year age group(51.6%), males (58.1%) and females (41.8%). As many as 91.9% of squamous cell carcinoma patients had ahistory of smoking. About 32.5% of patients had distant metastasis at presentation with brain (23.8%) andpositive malignant cells in pleural effusions (23.1%) as common sites. The majority of patients were in stage III(34.4%), stage IV (32.5%) and stage II (30.2%). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our analysis suggests that the gender gap has beennarrowed such that about half of the patients diagnosed with lung cancer are women in this part of India. Thisalarming rise in female incidence is mainly attributed to an increased smoking pattern. Squamous cell carcinomastill remains the commonest histological subtype. Most of the patients were elderly aged and presented at locallyor distantly advanced stages.
Lung cancer,smoking,Women,Squamous Cell Carcinoma,northeast India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28445.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28445_17c9de97d0d7316e4dd3c93711474570.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Refusal Self Efficacy, Self Esteem, Smoking Refusal Skills and Water Pipe (Hookah) Smoking among Iranian Male Adolescents
7283
7288
EN
<b>Background:</b> Tobacco use among adolescents is a major public health concern, and identifying predictors ofsmoking is necessary for planning prevention programs. The present study examined the relationship betweenrefusal self efficacy, self esteem, smoking refusal skills and water pipe (hookah) smoking among Iranian maleadolescents. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 380 Iranian male adolescentsaged between 15-19 years selected by multistage sampling. The participants completed an anonymous, voluntary,self-report questionnaire. Variables independently associated with water pipe (WP) smoking were identifiedby multiple logistic regression analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: The mean age of the participants was 16.7±1.3 years. Theprevalence of WP smoking was 17.3%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that knowledge (OR=0.56; 95%CI: (0.37-0.79), attitude (OR=0.69; 95% CI: (0.52-0.89), self esteem (OR=0.67; 95% CI: (0.55-0.82), smokingrefusal skills (OR=0.73; 95% CI: (0.55-0.87), and self efficacy (OR=.82; 95% CI: (0.61-0.93) were all signifcantprediting facotrs for adolescents WP smoking. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The findings have implications for public healthinterventions. Indeed, self efficacy and smoking refusal skills should be considered when developing tailoredmeasures for the prevention of WP smoking among adolescents.
smoking,Water pipe,Adolescent,self efficacy,refusal skills,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28446.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28446_b2c46a100c727b26d0d17097bd11264a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Effective Response of the Peritoneum Microenvironment to Peritoneal and Systemic Metastasis from Colorectal Carcinoma
7289
7294
EN
We here document discovery of a new and simple model of tumor seeding involving the mouse peritoneum.Irradiated tumor cells administered by i.p. injection provided effective vaccination against peritonealcarcinomatosis and distal metastasis with colorectal carcinomas. In flow cytometric analysis, CD4+ and CD8+T lymphocytes, macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which are easy to obtain in theperitoneal cavity, were revealed to have significant differences between immunized and non-immunized miceand these contributed to antitumor responses. We also observed that both serum and peritoneal lavage fluidharvested from immunized mice showed the presence of CT26-specific autoantibodies. In addition, increase inlevel of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in serum but a decrease of TGF-β1 in peritoneum was found. Taken together, thesefindings may provide a new vaccine strategy for the prevention of peritoneal and even systemic metastasis ofcarcinomas through induction of an autoimmune response in the peritoneum.
Peritoneum,Immune response,Colorectal carcinoma,Metastasis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28447.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28447_75af4d5596ee8e75860ad54deb51eb22.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
MCPH1 Protein Expression in Normal and Neoplastic Lung Tissues
7295
7300
EN
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. The main types are small-cell lungcarcinoma (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), the latter including squamous cell carcinoma(SCC), adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. NSCLCs account for about 80% of all lung cancer cases.Microcephalin (MCPH1), also called BRIT1 (BRCT-repeat inhibitor of hTERT expression), plays an importantrole in the maintenance of genomic stability. Recently, several studies have provided evidence that the expressionof MCPH1 gene is decreased in several different types of human cancers. We evaluated the expression of proteinMCPH1 in 188 lung cancer and 20 normal lung tissues by immunohistochemistry. Positive MCPH1 stainingwas found in all normal lung samples and only some cancerous tissues. MCPH1-positive cells were significantlylower in lung carcinoma compared with normal tissues. Furthermore, we firstly found that MCPH1 expressionin lung adenocarcinoma is higher than its expression in squamous cell carcinoma. Change in MCPH1 proteinexpression may be associated with lung tumorigenesis and may be a useful biomarker for identification ofpathological types of lung cancer.
Lung cancer,MCPH1 gene,Protein expression,immunoistochemistry
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28448.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28448_3290a8776a30a41ab12c15b1ad56a621.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Determinants of Participation in a Breast Cancer Screening Trial in Trivandrum District, India
7301
7307
EN
<b>Background:</b> Conspicuous differences in participation rates for breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breastexamination (CBE), and referral for further investigations have been observed indicating involvement of anumber of different factors. This study analysed determinants for participation in different levels of the breastcancer screening process in Indian females. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: An intervention group of 52,011 womenwas interviewed in a breast cancer screening trial in Trivandrum district, India. In order to assess demographic,socio-economic, reproductive, and cancer-related determinants of participation in BSE, CBE, and referral,uni- and multi-variate logistic regression was employed. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of the interviewed women, 23.2% reportedpracticing BSE, 96.8% had attended CBE, and 49.1% of 2,880 screen-positives attended referral. Results showedan influence of various determinants on participation; women who were currently not married or who had nofamily history of cancer were significantly less likely to attend the screening process at any level. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Increasing awareness about breast cancer, early detection methods, and the advantages of early diagnosesamong women, and their families, as well as health care workers offering social support, could help to increaseparticipation over the entire screening process in India.
Breast Cancer Screening,Low and middle income countries,clinical breast-examination,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28449.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28449_1fc3c10d80ccdd73328ddd53153660a5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Factors Associated with Place of Death in Koprean Patients with Terminal Cancer
7309
7314
EN
Aim: To investigate factors that affect the place of death (POD) of terminal cancer patients. Materials and<br/><b>Methods</b>: We recruited 702 consecutive patients (≥18 years) from 12 centers during July 2005 to October 2006,and 481 completed the questionnaire. In April 2011, we linked the data for 96.0% (n=462) of the deceased patientsto the POD using the 2005-2009 death certificate data of Korea’s National Statistical Office. The primary outcomevariable was POD, and the predictive value of variables pertaining to patients and caregivers was evaluatedusing univariate and multivariate analyses. <br/><b>Results</b>: Most patients died in a hospital (91.5%, n=441) and age,education, preference for place of terminal care, wish to use hospice/palliative care services, terminal cancerawareness, time between diagnosis and death, and global quality-of-life subscale of the EORTC QLQ-C30 ofpatients, and education and preference for place of terminal care of caregivers were significant predictors inunivariate analyses. On multivariate analysis, patients and caregivers who preferred hospital/palliative care asthe terminal care option over home care [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.68; 95% confidential interval (CI), 1.18-7.04 and aOR: 2.65; 95%CI: 1.15-6.09 for patient and caregiver preferences, respectively] and caregivers whowere highly educated (aOR, 3.19; 95%CI, 1.44-7.06) were predictors of POD. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Most of the terminalcancer patients died in a hospital. Our findings indicate that major predictors of hospital deaths are preferenceof both the patient and caregiver for hospital/palliative care as the terminal care option and higher educationof the caregiver.
Neoplasms,terminal care,place of death,Influencing Factors,Korea
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28450.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28450_7c04216bde7ca8f34ced3a07dbf682d7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Overexpressed Ostepontin-c as a Potential Biomarker for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
7315
7319
EN
<b>Background:</b> The metastasis gene osteopontin (OPN) is subject to alternative splicing, which yields threemessages, osteopontin-a, osteopontin-b and osteopontin-c. Osteopontin-c is selectively expressed in invasive, butnot in noninvasive tumors. In the present study, we examined the expression of OPN-c in esophageal squamouscell carcinomas (ESCCs) and assessed its value as a diagnostic biomarker. <br/><b>Methods</b>: OPN-c expression wasassessed by immunohistochemistry in 63 ESCC samples and correlated with clinicopathologic factors. Expressionwas also examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 120 ESCC patients and 30 healthysubjects. The role of OPN-c mRNA as a tumor marker was investigated by receiver operating characteristiccurve (ROC) analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: Immunohistochemistry showed that OPN-c was expressed in 30 of 63 cancerlesions (48%)and significantly associated with pathological T stage (P=0.038) and overall stage (P=0.023). Realtime PCR showed that OPN-c mRNA was expressed at higher levels in the PBMCs of ESCC patients than inthose of healthy subjects (P<0.0001) with a sensitivity as an ESCC biomarker of 86.7%. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our findingssuggest that expression of OPN-c is significantly elevated in ESCCs and this upregulation could be a potentialdiagnostic marker.
OPN-c,Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,Biomarker,immunohistochemistry
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28451.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28451_01ef6ed28da214a9d004bfa00fd8ce15.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Pancreatic Cancer Incidence and Mortality Patterns in China, 2009
7321
7324
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To estimate the incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer in China. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Afterchecking and reviewing the cancer registry data in 2009 from 72 cancer registry centers, we divided cancerregistry areas into urban and rural areas. Incidence/mortality rates, age-specific incidence/mortality rates, agestandardizedincidence/mortality rates, proportions, and cumulative incidence/mortality rates for pancreaticcancer were calculated. <br/><b>Results</b>: The total number of newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer cases and deaths in 2009were 6,220 and 5,650, respectively. The crude incidence rate in all cancer registry areas was 7.28/100,000 (males8.24, females 6.29). The age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population (ASR) was 3.35/100,000,with ranking at 7th among all cancers. Pancreatic cancer incidence rate was 8.19/100,000 in urban areas whereasit was 5.41/100 000 in rural areas. Cancer mortality rate in all cancer registry areas was 6.61/100,000 (males7.45; females 5.75), with ranking at 6th among all cancers, and 7.42/100 000 in urban but 4.94/100000 in ruralareas. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality rates have shown a gradual increase in China.Owing to the difficulty of early diagnosis, identification of high-risk population and modification of risk factorsare important to reduce the burden of pancreatic cancer.
Pancreatic cancer,cancer registry,Incidence,mortality,China
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28471.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28471_bbb5f20435e398cbc49aeec7a297c179.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Knowledge and Attitudes about Human Papillomaviruses and Immunization among Turkish Pediatricians
7325
7329
EN
<b>Background:</b> Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infectious agents,and the effectiveness of vaccine delivery programs will depend largely upon whether providers recommendvaccines. The objectives of this study were to examine pediatrician characteristics, knowledge, and attitudesassociated with HPV and HPV immunization. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Attendees of the national pediatricmeeting in 2011, were asked to complete a questionnaire that, aside from demographic information, elicited levelof agreement with statements regarding HPV, its related diseases, and HPV vaccination. It also documentedattitudes and beliefs about HPV vaccination. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of the 480 attendees, 226 (47%) filled in the questionnaire.The level of pediatrician HPV-related knowledge varied. The majority (78%) were aware that HPV infection isthe most common sexually transmitted infection, while 51% were unaware that a condom is ineffective protectionagainst HPV infection. Between 60-80% of respondents were aware of the effectiveness of HPV vaccination forwomen. On the other hand, only 10% were aware of reasons why men should be vaccinated against HPV. Themajority (75%) of Turkish pediatricians were likely to recommend HPV vaccination to their daughter, if theyhad one. Seventy percent of pediatricians agreed that the HPV vaccination should be added to the NationalImmunization Program (NIP) in Turkey. However, the respondents documented concerns about the cost of thevaccination. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Increasing pediatricians’ knowledge and awareness of HPV and HPV vaccinationmay assist with the implementation of an effective NIP.
Human papillomaviruses,attitudes,pediatricians,Vaccines,Immunization,Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28472.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28472_428ab8dc8b5b22d9687a050b32dc91b1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Elevated Serum Insulin is an Independent Risk Factor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Control Study from Nepal
7331
7333
EN
Aim: To investigate associations of fasting insulin and glucose levels in serum with hepatocellular carcinomarisk. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This hospital based study was carried out using data retrieved from the registermaintained in the Department of Biochemistry of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, between1st December, 2011 and 31st June, 2013. The variables collected were age, fasting plasma glucose, fastingplasma insulin and ALT. Quantitative determination of human insulin concentrations was accomplished bychemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of the total 220 subjects enrolled in our present study, 20cases were of HCC and 200 were healthy controls. The maximum number of cases of hepatocellular carcinomain category cutpoints of fasting insulin levels fell in the range of >6.10 μU/ml. The highest insulin levels (>6.10μU/ml) were seen to be associated with an 2.36 fold risk of HCC when compared with fasting insulin levels of(<2.75 μU/ml). Furthermore, the insulin levels (2.75-4.10 μU/ml) of category cutpoints also conferred a 1.57fold risk for HCC when compared with lowest fasting insulin levels of (<2.75 μU/ml). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The effectof an insulin level in increasing HCC risk appeared consistent, influencing incidence, risk of recurrence, overallsurvival, and treatment-related complications in HCC patients.
insulin,Glucose,serum levels,HCC risk,Nepal
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28473.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28473_d41f8c00d8028e441997b08a0ba0e0e3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
HPV16 CTL Epitope Peptide-activated Dendritic Cell and Natural Killer Co-culture for Therapy of Cervical Cancer in an Animal Model
7335
7338
EN
There is increasing evidence that natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in antitumor immunityfollowing dendritic cell (DC) vaccination. Little is known, however, about the optimal stimulation of DCs byepitopes and NK interactions for cytotoxicity in tumors. In this study, DC cells activated by the HPV16E7.49-57epitope and LPS were co-cultured with NK cells in vitro, and then used ot immunize mice to study CTL activityof TC-1, which constitutively expresses HPV16E6E7, with an LDH release assay. Cytotoxicity in mice immunizedwith DC loaded with epitope HPVE7.49-57 vaccine co-cultured with NK was enhanced significantly (p<0.01).In conclusion, talk-across between DC and NK cells enhances their functions, also improving cytotoxicityagainsttumor cells, suggesting that activated DC-NK by epitopes has potential application for cancer-specificimmuno-cellular therapy.
Epitope stimulation,Dendritic Cells,natural killer cells,Interaction,cervical cancer therapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28474.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28474_60bb0e3c4d8fafe88564f4b7fb8f846c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Fused Polypeptide with DEF Induces Apoptosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
7339
7344
EN
To analyze the effects of a new unknown peptide DEF on the growth of tumor cells, a fused polypeptideTAT-DV1-DEF was designed and synthesized. The lung adenocarcinoma cell line GLC-82 treated with TATDV1-DEF was analyzed with a cell counting kit 8, and the location of polypeptides in cells was observed underlaser confocal microscopy. The efficiency of polypeptide transfection and changes in nuclear morphology wereanalyzed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Finally, the mechanism of tumor cellgrowth inhibition was evaluated by Western blotting. We found that TAT-DV1-DEF could significantly inhibitthe growth of the lung adenocarcinoma cell line GLC-82, but not the normal human embryonic kidney cellline HEK-293. Polypeptides were found to be mostly localized in the cytoplasm and some mitochondria. Theefficiency of polypeptide transfection in the two cell types was approximately 99%. Apoptotic nuclei were observedunder fluorescence microscopy upon treatment with polypeptides and DAPI staining. Western blot analysesindicated that the polypeptide inhibition of tumor cell growth was apoptosis dependent. In the present study,we demonstrated that fused polypeptides could induce apoptosis of the lung adenocarcinoma cell line GLC-82,indicating that the new unknown peptide DEF has antitumor effects.
Fused polypeptide,Lung Adenocarcinoma,Apoptosis,Antimicrobial peptide
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28475.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28475_d3fa5ee68a251830f269a37229c10cef.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Can Glypican3 be Diagnostic for Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Egyptian Patients?
7345
7349
EN
<b>Background:</b> Because of the high prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt, new markerswith better diagnostic performance than alpha-feto protein (AFP) are needed to help in early diagnosis. Theaim of this work was to compare the clinical utility of both serum and mRNA glypican3 (GPC3) as probablediagnostic markers for HCC among Egyptian patients. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 60 subjects, including40 with HCC, 10 with cirrhosis and 10 normal controls were analyzed for serum GPC3 (sGPC3) by ELISA.GPC-3 mRNA from circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells was amplified by RT-PCR. Both markerswere compared to some prognostic factors of HCC, and sensitivity of both techniques was compared. <br/><b>Results</b>:Serum glypican-3 and AFP were significantly higher in the HCC group compared to cirrhotic and normal controls(p<0.001). Sensitivity and specificity were (95% each) for sGlypican-3, (82.5% and 85%) for AFP, and (100% and90%) for Glypican3 mRNA , and (80% and 95%) for double combination between sGPC3 and AFP respectively.<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Both serum GPC-3 and GPC-3mRNA are promising diagnostic markers for early detection of HCCin Egyptian patients. RT- PCR proved to be more sensitive (100%) than ELISA (95%) in detecting glypican3.
Glypican3,ELISA,RT/PCR,HCC,Diagnosis,Egypt
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28476.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28476_8d68babbf5a1a36ab76f7fad029d94a3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Renal Cell Carcinoma is More Aggressive in Turkish Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome
7351
7354
EN
<b>Background:</b> Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease characterized by impaired glucosetolerance/diabetes, obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and hypertension. In this study we evaluatethe relationship between tumor size and grade, and presence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with renal cellcarcinoma. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Between 2007-2013, radical nephrectomy was performed for 310 patients withrenal tumors in our clinic and those with pathology reported renal cell carcinoma were enrolled and divided intotwo groups, with and without metabolic syndrome diagnosed on the basis of the National Cholesterol EducationProgram (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. The relationship between tumor size and gradeof the two groups (Fuhrman nuclear degree) was evaluated statistically. <br/><b>Results</b>: The metabolic syndrome wasfound in 70 patients, with a mean age of 65.5 (40-87), as compared to 58.8 (31-84) years in the non-metabolicsyndrome group. Tumor size over 7 cm was found in 54% and 33%, respectively, and tumor grade over Fuhrman3 in 56% and 32% of patients. Patients with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher tumor size and grade(p<0.05). In the presence of hypertension, diabetes and high triglyceride levels, significant assocations wereagain observed (p<0.05). Tumor size and degree also increased with increasing body mass index but this wasnot statistically significant (p>0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Renal cancer is more aggressive in patients with metabolicsyndrome. Lifestyle and risk factors were revealed to be significant influences in renal cancer patients.
Metabolic Syndrome,renal cell carcinoma,tumor size,Furhman grade
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28477.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28477_ef1e6cedc3a9135d66e4e52ef59cde7c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Lack of Association of Common Polymorphisms in MUC1 Gene with H. pylori Infection and Non-cardia Gastric Cancer Risk in a Chinese Population
7355
7358
EN
Several lines of evidence support the notion that MUC1 is often aberrantly expressed in gastric cancer, and itis a ligand for Helicobacter pylori. Genetic variation in MUC1 gene may confer susceptibility to H. pylori infectionand gastric cancer. We assessed the association of common polymorphisms in MUC1 gene with H. pylori infectionand non-cardia gastric cancer using an LD-based tag SNP approach in north-western Chinese Han population.A total of four SNPs were successfully genotyped among 288 patients with non-cardia gastric cancer and 281age- and sex-matched controls. None of the tested SNPs was associated with H. pylori infection. SNP rs9426886was associated with a decreased risk of non-cardia gastric cancer, but lost significance after adjustment formultiple testing. Overall, our data indicated that common genetic variations in MUC1 gene might not make amajor contribution to the risk of H. pylori infection and non-cardia gastric cancer in our studied population.
Non-cardia gastric cancer,MUC1,H. pylori infection,Polymorphism,risk
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28478.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28478_5f6883f5bcdddbd941ede31b9afb6b80.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Perioperative Comprehensive Supportive Care Interventions for Chinese Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma: a Prospective Study
7359
7366
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To assess the effects of perioperative comprehensive supportive care interventions on outcomeof Chinese esophageal cancer patients in a prospective study. <br/><b>Methods</b>: 60 patients with primary esophagealcarcinoma were randomized into an intervention group (IG, n=31) and a control group (CG, n=29). The Chineseversion of symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) was adopted to assess their psychological status. The interventions,including health education, psychological support, stress management, coping strategies and behavior training,were carried out in 3 phases (preoperative, postoperative Ⅰ and postoperative Ⅱ), and psychological effects werethereafter evaluated accordingly before surgery, and 1 week, 4 weeks and 24 weeks post-surgery. Medical costswere estimated at discharge. Survival of patients was estimated each year post-surgery. General health statusand satisfaction-with-hospital were surveyed by a follow-up questionnaire 4 years post-surgery. <br/><b>Results</b>: All thesubjects demonstrated higher scores in the preoperative phase than the normal range of Chinese populationconcerning 7 psychological domains including somatization, obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety, hostility,phobic anxiety and paranoid ideation. Although no significant difference was observed between the two groupsat admission, the scores of IG, which tended to decrease at a faster rate, were generally lower than those of CGat weeks 1, 4 and 24 post-surgery. The length of hospital stay and medical costs of IG were significantly less thanthose of CG and satisfaction-with-hospital was better. However, there was no significant difference in 4-yearsurvival or health status between two groups. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Appropriate perioperative comprehensive supportivecare interventions help to improve the psychological state of Chinese patients with esophageal carcinoma, toreduce health care costs and to promote satisfaction of patients and their families with hospital.
Supportive care,Esophageal carcinoma,health care cost,Patient Satisfaction
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28479.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28479_aac01f7014639aadb8844ea4f72ce037.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Efficiency and Side Effects of Sorafenib Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study by the Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology
7367
7369
EN
<b>Background:</b> Inoperable and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with a poor prognosisand low chemotherapeutic efficiency. Sorafenib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor exerting its effects via the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet derived growth factorreceptor beta (PDGFR-β) tyrosine kinases. Randomized studies have shown a significant contribution of sorafenibto life expectancy and quality of life of cancer patients. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy andside effects of sorafenib therapy in Turkey. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Data for 103 patients (82 males, 21 females)receiving sorafenib therapy in 13 centers from February 2008 to December 2012 were evaluated. Median agewas 61 years and median ECOG performance status was 1 (range: 0-2). 60 patients (58%) had hepatitis B, 15patients (15%) had hepatitis C infection and 12 patients (12%) had a history of alcohol consumption. All of thepatients had Child scores meeting the utilization permit of the drug in our country (Child A). <br/><b>Results</b>: A totalof 571 cycles of sorafenib therapy were administered with a median of four per patient. Among the evaluablecases, there was partial response in 15 (15%), stable disease in 52 (50%), and progressive disease in 36 (35%).Median progression-free survival was 18 weeks and median overall survival was 48 weeks. The dose was reducedonly in 6 patients and discontinued in 2 patients due to grade 3-4 toxicity, 18 patients (17%) suffering hand-footsyndrome, 7 (7%) diarrhea, and 2 (2%) vomiting. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This retrospective study demonstrated betterefficacy of sorafenib therapy in patients with advanced HCC compared to the literature while progression-freesurvival and overall survival findings were comparable. The side effect rates indicate that the drug was toleratedwell. In conclusion, among the available treatment options, sorafenib is an efficient and tolerable agent in patientswith inoperable or metastatic HCC.
Hepatocellular carcinoma,sorafenib,Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28480.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28480_5c9eccb55088302296bb2e917cdf06fb.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
HPV Vaccine Knowledge and Perceived Risk of Cervical Cancer among Female College Students in Taiwan
7371
7374
EN
Aims: The study targeted the HPV vaccine knowledge and perceived risk of cervical cancer among femalecollege students in Taiwan as well as the relationship between knowledge of the HPV vaccine and perceivedrisk of cervical cancer. Materials and <br/><b>Method</b>: The results of this study on female college students are describedusing descriptive and correlation designs. A convenience sampling approach was employed with a self-fillingstructured questionnaire. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 150 students completed the questionnaire. Values were 7.49 for themean HPV vaccine knowledge scale and 18.0 for their mean perceived risk of cervical cancer scale. HPV vaccineknowledge was positively correlated with perceived risk of cervical cancer. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The findings of thisstudy can serve as a reference for future HPV prevention in Taiwan.
HPV vaccine knowledge,perceived risk of cervical cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28481.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28481_28d6a2a80762e1a666f7cbd3165d6144.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Roles of GST-π and polβ Genes in Chemoresistance of Esophageal Carcinoma Cells
7375
7379
EN
The main aim of this study was to investigate the roles of GST-π and polβ genes in the chemoresistance ofesophageal carcinoma cells. Eukaryotic expression vectors containing each gene were constructed and transfectedinto EC9706 cells, and the biological effects of the two genes assessed based on a resistance index. We additionallyinvestigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-resistance effects of GST-π and polβ genes using recombinant lentivirusescarrying siRNAs against the two genes. Our results showed that upregulation of GST-π and polβ genes suppresseschemosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma cells to cisplatin, while downregulation of these two genes with RNAitechnology reverses this chemoresistance. Multi-site injection of recombinant lentivirus targeting the GST-πgene into transplanted cDDP tumors effectively reversed their chemoresistant phenotype. However, the sametreatment against the polβ gene did not lead to significant efficacy against chemoresistance.
GST-π,polβ,Drug resistance,Esophageal carcinoma,RNA interference
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28482.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28482_8285191c9a308c847bd2fa1aac8a3e00.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Male Breast Cancer: A Report of 21 Cases in Radiotherapy Center of Hamedan, Iran
7381
7383
EN
<b>Background:</b> Male breast cancer accounts for less than 1% of all cancer in men and only around 1% of alldiagnosed breast cancer. Despite a significant raise in the last 25 years, it still remains a rare disease. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: We conducted a retrospective study from 2004-2011 with 21 male breast cancer patients. We aimedto analyze the epidemiologic data (age, personal and family history), tumor characteristics (size, histological type,location, TNM stage, receptors), surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy, hormonal therapy andsurvival (relapse, follow up, death) who reffered to our center with breast cancer. <br/><b>Results</b>: The median age was49.2±14.2 years (range 30-83 years). A family history of breast cancer was noted in four cases. The main clinicalcomplaint was a retroareolar mass in 85.7%of patients (n=18). Histologically, 85.7% (n=18)were invasive ductalcarcinoma and 4.7% (n=1) had ductal carcinoma in situ and 9.4% (n=2) had mixed histology including invasivemedullary and ductal carcinoma. Hormonal therapy was delivered to 16 cases (76.1%) due to ER or PR positivity.During median follow up of 30 months (3-84 month), distant metastases were evident in 4 cases (19%). Duringthe follow-up period, only one patient died due to metastatic disease. The mean time to recurrence detection was30 months. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The percentage of cases of male breast cancer is very low compared to breast cancer infemales, explaining why very few investigations have been conducted in Iran. Limited coverage in the literaturemake gender-specific findings difficult so future research of this entity involving multi-institutional cooperationand longer follow up is essential to provide new insights about the biological and clinical factors of this rarecancer.
breast cancer,male gender,clinicopathological characteristivcs,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28483.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28483_d82fe2016ef71853d32a53afd0e3d58c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Transition over 35 Years in the Incidence Rates of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors in Shanghai, China and Histological Subtyping Based on a Single Center Experience Spanning 60 Years
7385
7393
EN
<b>Background:</b> Only few epidemiological data on primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors in Shanghaihave been reported. <br/><b>Methods</b>: All cases of primary CNS tumors that were registered at Center for DiseaseControl and Prevention (CDC) were collected (1973-2007: urban Shanghai; 2003-2007: whole Shanghai city).Trends were analyzed using joinpoint analysis and rates were stratified by age, gender and region. Histologicaldata were collected from both CDC and Huashan Hospital. <br/><b>Results</b>: From 1973 to 2007, the five-year averageincidence rate in urban Shanghai increased in both genders, especially in the elderly population. Joinpointanalysis showed the age-adjusted incidence rate for males increased first but then plateaued, whilst rates forfemales continued increasing over the 35 years. For the five-year status quo (2003-2007), rural had a higher ageadjustedincidence rate than urban populations, and females higher than males, especially those with advancedage. According to CDC (2003-2007) and Huashan Hospital (1951-2011), the two most common histologicalsubtypes were neuroepithelial tumors (with male predominance) and meningiomas (with female predominance).<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In Shanghai, a steadily increased incidence rate of primary CNS tumors was observed in general,and in the elderly and female population in particular.
Primary central nervous system tumors,Incidence,Trends,histological subtypes,Shanghai
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28484.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28484_d62a43724c6b7a8ef5c68a7824c6ae1d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Long-term Efficacy of Microwave Hyperthermia Combined with Chemoradiotherapy in Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Cervical Lymph Node Metastases
7395
7400
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: The long-term efficacy of microwave hyperthermia combined with chemoradiotherapy in treatingnasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with metastatic foci in cervical lymph nodes was evaluated. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A totalof 154 cases of N2 or N3 stage NPC were randomized into two groups: hyperthermia group (76 cases) and controlgroup (78 cases). Both received cisplatin chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition, the hyperthermia groupfurther received microwave hyperthermia to the metastatic cervical nodes with different patterns (before or afterradiotherapy), heating temperatures (T90 < 43°C and T90 ≥ 43°C) and hyperthermia episodes (< 4 times, 4-10times and > 10 times). <br/><b>Results</b>: The 3-month and 5-year complete response (CR) rates of cervical lymph nodesin the hyperthermia group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The 5-year disease-freesurvival (DFS) rate and the 3-year / 5-year overall survival rate in the hyperthermia group were also significantlyhigher. There was no significant difference in 5-year metastatic rates. In the hyperthermia group, the 3-monthand 5-year CR rates of T90 < 43°C treatment were significantly lower than with T90 ≥ 43°C treatment. TheCR rate was highest when the hyperthermia was performed 4-10 times. There were no significant differencesin 3-month and 5-year CR rates between hyperthermia before or after radiotherapy treatment. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>:Microwave hyperthermia combined with chemoradiotherapy can increase local control, DFS and 3, 5-yearoverall survival rates of patients with N2 ~ N3 stage NPC. The heating temperature should be over 43°C withhyperthermia repeated 4-10 times.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,metastatic node,chemoradiotherapy,Hyperthermia,Efficacy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28485.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28485_d6a81687d8e643d5e442de0493b381b5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Survival Outcomes after Whole Brain Radiation Therapy and/or Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cancer Patients with Metastatic Brain Tumors in Korea: A Systematic Review
7401
7407
EN
Aim: To compare survival outcomes after whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS), and WBRT plus SRS combination therapy in Korea, by performing a quantitative systematic review.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We searched 10 electronic databases for reports on Korean patients treated with WBRTor SRS for brain metastases published prior to July 2010. Independent reviewers screened all articles andextracted the data. When a Kaplan-Meier survival curve was available, median survival time and standard errorswere calculated. Summary estimates for the outcomes in each study were calculated using the inverse variancerandom-effects method. <br/><b>Results</b>: Among a total of 2,761 studies, 20 studies with Korean patients (n=1,053) wereidentified. A combination of 12 studies (n=566) with WBRT outcomes showed a median survival time of 6.0months (95%CI: 5.9-6.2), an overall survival rate of 5.6% (95%CI: 1-24), and a 6-month survival rate of 46.5%(95%CI: 37.2-56.1). For nine studies (n=412) on SRS, the median survival was 7.9 months (95%CI: 5.1-10.8),and the 6-month survival rate was 63.1% (95%CI: 49.8-74.8). In six studies (n=75) using WBRT plus SRS, themedian survival was 10.7 months (95%CI: 4.7-16.6), and the overall and 6-month survival rates were 16.8%(95%CI: 6.2-38.2) and 85.7% (95%CI: 28.3-96.9), respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: WBRT plus SRS showed better1-year survival outcome than of WBRT alone for Korean patients with metastatic brain tumors. However, theresults of this analysis have to be interpreted cautiously, because the risk factors of patients were not adjustedin the included studies.
Neoplasm metastasis,brain,radiotherapy,radiosurgery,Korean patients
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28486.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28486_ae84e4d5ff7d9de044ce23e977449872.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Reasons for Patient’s Delay in Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma in Pakistan
7409
7414
EN
<b>Background:</b> Delay in diagnosis of breast cancer is associated with a poorer survival and a pivotal contributionto this delayed diagnosis comes from patient delay in presenting at a clinic. Reasons involved must be evaluatedin order to decrease this reducible delay. <br/><b>Objectives</b>: i) To evaluate the reasons for patient delay in diagnosis ofbreast cancer; ii) to investigate any association with other variables. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A 6 month crosssectional study (from July 2012 to Dec 2012), was carried out in Surgical and Oncology Units of Civil Hospital,Karachi. A total of 100 females diagnosed with breast cancer of any histological type were interviewed afterinformed consent and relevant data were collected. Due ethical clearance was obtained. <br/><b>Results</b>: Mean age was47.5±12.1 years with a range from 25-77 years. Mean duration of delay was 5.13±4.8 months, from shortest 1month to longest 36 months. Duration of delay was observed to be no delay (<1 month) in 28%, short delay (1-3months) in 30% and long delay (>3 months) in 42% of patients. Considering the symptoms as “harmless” (39%)was the most frequent reason of delay followed by “temporary” (20%) and the “use of traditional methods”(12%). Most common reason for later approaches was an increase in the size of the lump (41%). Statisticallysignificant association (p-value <0.05) of longer patient delay was obtained with being single, being illiterate,painless breast lump as the first symptom, negative family history of breast cancer and vague attribution of thesymptoms. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Significant delay in approach to health care facility was observed in our study due tovariable reasons given by women. Sufficient awareness regarding breast cancer, its symptoms and favorableeffects of a timely diagnosis on prognosis must be imparted to our general population.
Breast Neoplasms,Health behavior,Diagnosis,patient delay
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28487.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28487_1a74fbed2aad5125d1f604e14ca93dca.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
T-SPOT.TB for Detection of Tuberculosis Infection among Hematological Malignancy Patients and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
7415
7419
EN
The diagnosis of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is recommended in hematologicalmalignancy patients and before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Guidelines for the prevention andmanagement of infectious complications of solid organ transplantation, 2004). Compared to traditional methodssuch as tuberculin skin test (TST), T-SPOT.TB has been shown to be more specific. In the present study weenrolled 536 patients for whom T-SPOT.TB was performed, among which 295 patients also received the TSTtest. The agreement (79%) between T-SPOT.TB and TST was poor (κ=0.274, P<0.001). The patients with positiveT-SPOT.TB results numbered 62 (11.6%), in which only 20 (48.8%) of the 41 receiving the TST test had positiveresults. A majority of the patients with T-SPOT.TB positive results had some other evidence ofTB, such as TBhistory, clinical symptoms and an abnormal chest CT scan. Active TB was found in 9 patients, in which 2 hadnegative TST results. We followed up the patients and no one developed active TB. Our study suggested that theT-SPOT.TB may be more useful for screening LTBI and active TB in hematological malignancy patients andhematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients than the TST test.
T-SPOT.TB,Tuberculosis,tuberculin skin test,hematological malignancy,stem cell transplant cases
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28488.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28488_4b05dfd460d7ff64ff09808bb241f360.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Serum miR-19a Predicts Resistance to FOLFOX Chemotherapy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Cases
7421
7426
EN
<b>Background:</b> Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading causeof cancer-related death. FOLFOX is the most common regimen used in the first-line chemotherapy in advancedcolorectal cancer, but only half of the patients respond to this regimen and we have almost no clue in predictingresistance in such first-line application. <br/><b>Methods</b>: To explore the potential molecular biomarkers predicting theresistance of FOLFOX regimen as the first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer, we screened microRNAsin serum samples from drug-responsive and drug-resistant patients by microarrays. Then differential microRNAexpression was further validated in an independent population by reverse transcription and quantitative realtimePCR. <br/><b>Results</b>: 62 microRNAs expressing differentially with fold-change >2 were screened out by microarrayanalysis. Among them, 5 (miR-221, miR-222, miR-122, miR-19a, miR-144) were chosen for further validationin an independent population (N=72). Our results indicated serum miR-19a to be significantly up-regulated inresistance-phase serum (p=0.009). The ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of serum miR-19a todiscriminate the resistant patients from the response ones was 66.7%, and the specificity was 63.9% when theAUC was 0.679. We additionally observed serum miR-19a had a complementary value for cancer embryonicantigen (CEA). Stratified analysis further revealed that serum miR-19a predicted both intrinsic and acquireddrug resistance. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings confirmed aberrant expression of serum miR-19a in FOLFOXchemotherapy resistance patients, suggesting serum miR-19a could be a potential molecular biomarker forpredicting and monitoring resistance to first-line FOLFOX chemotherapy regimens in advanced colorectalcancer patients.
advanced colorectal cancer,miRNA,FOLFOX resistance,serum biomarker
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28489.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28489_5343f96afbab502bea37ab2c4496efa5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Pretreatment Effects of Regular Aerobic Training on the IGF System and Hepatotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin in Rats
7427
7431
EN
Aims: To examine the pretreatment effects of regular aerobic training on the IGF system (IGF-I, IGFBP-3and IGF/IGFBP) and doxorubicin(DOX) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Forty-eightmale rats were divided into groups:(1) control+placebo (2)control+DOX10 mg.kg-1 (3)control+DOX20 mg.kg-1(4)training+placebo (5) training+DOX10 mg.kg-1(6) training+DOX20 mg.kg-1. Hepatotoxicity was induced by DOXwith dosages of 10 and 20 mg.kg-1. The rats in groups 4, 5 and 6 performed treadmill running of 25-54 min/dayand 15-20 m/min, 5 days/wk for 6 wks. At the end of the aerobic training protocol, rats in the 1 and 4 groups,in the 2 and 5 groups and in the 3 and 6 groups received saline solution, DOX10 mg.kg-1and DOX20 mg.kg-1,respectively. <br/><b>Results</b>: Administration of DOX20 mg.kg-1 caused a significant increase in IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3,an insignificant decrease in IGFBP-3, as compared to the control+placebo group. However, after six weeks ofaerobic training and DOX treatment with 10mg.kg-1 and or/ 20mg.kg-1 an insignificant decrease in IGF-1, aninsignificant increase in IGFBP-3 and a significant decrease in IGF-1/IGFBP-3 were detected, in comparison toC+DOX10 and C+DOX20. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Hepatotoxicity of doxorubicin is dose-dependent and pretreatment withregular aerobic training may improve DOX-induced hepatotoxicity by up-regulation of IGFBP3.
Insulin-like growth factor system,aerobic training,hepatotoxicity,Rats,doxorubicin
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28490.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28490_01e167851663058ea192897eac9be619.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
EA-D p45-IgG as a Potential Biomarker for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis
7433
7438
EN
Aim: To identify new biomarkers for NPC diagnosis with an anti-EBV Western blot test kit. <br/><b>Methods</b>:Serum samples from 64 NPC patients and healthy subjects with four specific VCA-IgA/EA-IgA profiles weretested with an anti-EBV Western blot test kit from EUROIMMUN AG. Proteins were quantified with scores ofintensity visually assigned to the protein bands. The markers which showed statistical differences between theNPC and non-NPC subjects were further evaluated in another 32 NPC patients and 32 controls in comparisonwith established biomarkers including VCA-IgA, EA-IgA, EBV-related protein IgG, and EBV DNA. <br/><b>Results</b>:Among the markers screened, EA-D p45-IgG showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between NPCand non-NPC subjects with VCA-IgA positivy. In 32 VCA-IgA positive NPC patients and 32 control subjects,the diagnostic accuracy of EA-D p45-IgG was 78.1% with a positive predictive value of 77.8% and a negativepredictive value of 78.6%. In the verification experiment, the specificity and sensitivity of EA-D p45-IgG were75.0% and 90.6 %, respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: EA-D p45-IgG might be a potential biomarker for NPC diagnosis,especially among VCA-IgA positive subjects.
EBV,NPC,western blot,viral capsid antigen,early antigen,EBV nuclear antigen,Diagnosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28491.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28491_02bb7f5526c6eac88c2c1cf0dd62f1cd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
ATF3 Activates Stat3 Phosphorylation through Inhibition of p53 Expression in Skin Cancer Cells
7439
7444
EN
Aim: ATF3, a member of the ATF/CREB family of transcription factors, has been found to be selectivelyinduced by calcineurin/NFAT inhibition and to enhance keratinocyte tumor formation, although the preciserole of ATF3 in human skin cancer and possible mechanisms remain unknown. <br/><b>Methods</b>: In this study, clinicalanalysis of 30 skin cancer patients and 30 normal donors revealed that ATF3 was accumulated in skin cancertissues. Functional assays demonstrated that ATF3 significantly promoted skin cancer cell proliferation. <br/><b>Results</b>:Mechanically, ATF3 activated Stat3 phosphorylation in skin cancer cell through regulation of p53 expression.Moreover, the promotion effect of ATF3 on skin cancer cell proliferation was dependent on the p53-Stat3 signalingcascade. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Together, the results indicate that ATF3 might promote skin cancer cell proliferation andenhance skin keratinocyte tumor development through inhibiting p53 expression and then activating Stat3phosphorylation.
ATF3,Stat3 phosphorylation,p53 expression,skin cancer cell
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28492.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28492_3fa815d0b1388c92da12d137fa35c64f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Risk Factors for Stage IV Breast Cancer at the Time of Presentation in Turkey
7445
7449
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer (BC) is the one of the most common cancers in women. It is also a leading causeof death. Unfortunately, some patients initially present with distant metastases and are diagnosed with stage IVdisease that is nearly always, by then, incurable. This retrospective analysis investigated the risk factors for stageIV BC that may underlie such late presentation. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In all, 916 patients with BC who visitedthe medical oncology polyclinic of eight different centres in Turkeybetween December 2011 and January 2013were analysed. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 115 patients (12.6%) presented with stage IV disease. In univariate analysis;to comparing these with patients at other stages, no statistical difference was found for median diagnosis age orage at menarche (p=0.611 and p=0.820), whereas age at menopause and age at first live birth were significant(p=0.018 and p=0.003). No difference was detected in terms of accompanying diseases, use of oral contraceptivesand hormone replacement therapy, smoking, alcohol consumption and the rate of family history of BC betweenthe patients (p=0.655, p=0.389, p=0.762, p=0.813, p=0.229, p=0.737). However, screening methods were employedless often, the rate of illiteracy was higher, and the rate of other cancers was higher in patients with stage IVBC (p=0.022, p=0.022, p=0.018). No statistical difference was observed between the patients in terms of tumourhistopathology, and status of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor-2receptor (p=0.389, p=0.326, p=0.949, p=0.326). Grade 3 tumours were more frequent in patients with stage IVdisease (p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, risk factors for stage IV breast cancer at the time of presentationwere found to be age at first live birth and educational level (p=0.003 and p=0.047). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Efforts shouldbe made to perform mammography scans, in particular, at regular intervals through national training programsfor all women, particularly those with family histories of breast and other types of cancer, and to establish earlydiagnosis of BC long before it proceeds to stage IV. Additionally, women’s education had better be upgraded.In order to make women aware of BC, national education-programmes must be organised.
Stage IV breast cancer,risk factors,mammography,education,Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28493.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28493_1466a5613fb0eccb7905696cd8581ee2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Capability for Change at Community Health Centers Serving Asian Pacific Islanders: An Exploratory Study of a Cancer Screening Evidence-based Intervention
7451
7457
EN
<b>Background:</b> Understanding and enhancing change capabilities, including Practice Adaptive Reserve (PAR),of Community Health Centers (CHCs) may mitigate cancer-related health disparities. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:Using stratified random sampling, we recruited 232 staff from seven CHCs serving Asian Pacific Islandercommunities to complete a self-administered survey. We performed multilevel regression analyses to examinePAR composite scores by CHC, position type, and number of years worked at their clinic. <br/><b>Results</b>: The meanPAR score was 0.7 (s.d. 0.14). Higher scores were associated with a greater perceived likelihood that clinic staffwould participate in an evidence-based intervention (EBI). Constructs such as communication, clinic flow,sensemaking, change valence, and resource availability were positively associated with EBI implementation ortrended toward significance. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: PAR scores are positively associated with perceived likelihood of clinicstaff participation in cancer screening EBI. Future research is needed to determine PAR l
Primary care issues,health care delivery/HSR,health disparities,special population,underserved/minority
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28494.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28494_3a1d237b2c92db20cec93fb62323259d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Implementing a Cervical Cancer Awareness Program in Low-income Settings in Western China: a Community-based Locally Affordable Intervention for Risk Reduction
7459
7466
EN
<b>Background:</b> Some 60 years after introduction of the Papanicolaou smear worldwide, cervical cancerremains a burden in developing countries where >85% of world new cases and deaths occur, suggesting a failureto establish comprehensive cervical-cancer control programs. Effective interventions are available to controlcervical cancer but are not all affordable in low-income settings. Disease awareness saves lives by risk-reductionas witnessed in reducing mortality of HIV/AIDS and smoking-related cancers. Subjects and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We initiateda community-based awareness program on cervical cancer in two low-income Muslim Uyghur townships inKashi (Kashgar) Prefecture, Xinjiang, China in 2008. The education involved more than 5,000 women fromtwo rural townships and awareness was then evaluated in 2010 and 2011, respectively, using a questionnairewith 10 basic knowledge questions on cervical cancer. Demographic information was also collected and includedin an EpiData database. A 10-point scoring system was used to score the awareness. <br/><b>Results</b>: The effectivenessand feasibility of the program were evaluated among 4,475 women aged 19-70 years, of whom >92% lived on/below US$1.00/day. Women without prior education showed a poor average awareness rate of 6.4% (164/2,559).A onetime education intervention, however, sharply raised the awareness rate by 4-fold to 25.5% (493/1,916).Importantly, low income and illiteracy were two reliable factors affecting awareness before or after educationintervention. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Education intervention can significantly raise the awareness of cervical cancer inlow-income women. Economic development and compulsory education are two important solutions in raisinggeneral disease awareness. We propose that implementing community-based awareness programs against cervicalcancer is realistic, locally affordable and sustainable in low-income countries, which may save many lives overtime and, importantly, will facilitate the integration of comprehensive programs when feasible. In this context,adopting this strategy may provide one good example of how to achieve “good health at low cost”.
cervical cancer,awareness,risk-reduction,education intervention,low-income setting,Uyghur ethnicity
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28495.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28495_d6305792dfc2273f555b0791da5929c9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
IL-6-6331 (T/C, rs10499563) is Associated with Decreased Risk of Gastric Cancer in Northern Chinese
7467
7472
EN
<b>Background:</b> Polymorphisms of genes encoding cytokines could be potential biomarkers to predict risk ofgastric cancer (GC). Here, we investigated the association between the IL-6 -6331 (T/C, rs10499563) polymorphismin its promoter region and GC risk. <br/><b>Methods</b>: In this case-control study of 215 GC cases and 518 non-cancercontrols, the IL-6 -6331 (T/C, rs10499563) polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restrictionfragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). <br/><b>Results</b>: Individuals with the TC or CC genotype were associatedwith a significantly decreased risk of GC (OR=0.710, 95%CI: 0.504-0.999, P=0.049) compared with TT wild-typecarriers. Ther C allele was also associated with significantly decreased risk of GC (OR=0.715, 95%CI: 0.536-0.954, P=0.023) compared with the T allele. In the stratification analysis, TC or CC genotypes were associatedwith significantly decreased GC risk in subgroups of males, people older than 60, and H. pylori-positive cases.However, no significant interaction was observed for TC or CC genotypes with H. pylori infection. On stratificationwith the Lauren classification, TC or CC genotypes were associated with significantly decreased risk of diffusetypeGC (OR=0.497, 95%CI: 0.266-0.925, P=0.027), also in subgroups of males, people older than 60, and H.pylori-positive cases. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The IL-6 -6331 (T/C, rs10499563) polymorphism is associated with geneticsusceptibility of GC and may have the potential to predict GC risk.
Gastric cancer,atrophic gastritis,IL-6,Polymorphism,H. pylori
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28496.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28496_4e62d3c05d5c1ee458d91e38079bfd33.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Computational Analysis of the 3-D structure of Human GPR87 Protein: Implications for Structure-Based Drug Design
7473
7482
EN
The G-protein coupled receptor 87 (GPR87) is a recently discovered orphan GPCR which means that thesearch of their endogenous ligands has been a novel challenge. GPR87 has been shown to be overexpressed insquamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) or adenocarcinomas in lungs and bladder. The 3D structure of GPR87 washere modeled using two templates (2VT4 and 2ZIY) by a threading method. Functional assignment of GPR87by SVM revealed that along with transporter activity, various novel functions were predicted. The 3D structurewas further validated by comparison with structural features of the templates through Verify-3D, ProSA andERRAT for determining correct stereochemical parameters. The resulting model was evaluated by Ramachandranplot and good 3D structure compatibility was evidenced by DOPE score. Molecular dynamics simulation andsolvation of protein were studied through explicit spherical boundaries with a harmonic restraint membranewater system. A DRY-motif (Asp-Arg-Tyr sequence) was found at the end of transmembrane helix3, whereGPCR binds and thus activation of signals is transduced. In a search for better inhibitors of GPR87, in silicomodification of some substrate ligands was carried out to form polar interactions with A
GPCR,GPR87,GPR95,DRY motif,threading,Molecular Dynamics,squamous cell carcinomas
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28497.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28497_eb301b6a4bd2bb54e9382e493bb96c0d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in Women Participating in Cervical Cancer Screening from 2006 to 2010 in Shenzhen City, South China
7483
7487
EN
Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection plays an important role in the development of cervicalcancer, but the prevalence of HPV infection in women of Shenzhen city remains unclear. The present study wasperformed to describe the change of cervical HPV infection in females who participated in voluntary cervicalcancer screening from 2006 to 2010 in Shenzhen city, China. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 4, 413 women were recruited.HPV infections were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reversed dot blot hybridization inShenzhen Maternity and Child Health Hospital. <br/><b>Results</b>: The prevalence of HPV infection was 13.8%. The fivemost commonly found HPV types were HPV16 (3.47%), HPV58 (1.68%), HPV33 (1.38%), HPV43 (1.36%) andHPV18 (1.27%). The secular trends of major HPV type-specific were diverse. Among of them, the prevalence ofHPV18 increased sharply while others increased slowly or even decreased in the period. The change of total HPV,single HPV and multiple HPV infection were similar during the five years. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings suggestedthat HPV infection is common with HPV16 and HPV 58 as the primary subtypes in women in Shenzhen city.The prevalence of HPV 18 infection is increasing faster than any others, which will lead it to be one of the mainsubtypes in this city in the future.
cervical cancer,Human papilloma virus,Subtype,Epidemiology,China
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28498.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28498_bb4dea580e8ab1b6cfada77ff8590fa3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Enhancement of Anti-tumor Activity of Newcastle Disease Virus by the Synergistic Effect of Cytosine Deaminase
7489
7496
EN
This study was conducted to investigate enhancement of anti-tumor effects of the lentogenic Newcastledisease virus Clone30 strain (NDV rClone30) expressing cytosine deaminase (CD) gene against tumor cells andin murine groin tumor-bearing models. Cytotoxic effects of the rClone30-CD/5-FC on the HepG2 cell line wereexamined by an MTT method. Anti-tumor activity of rClone30-CD/5-FC was examined in H22 tumor-bearingmice. Compared to the rClone30-CD virus treatment alone, NDV rClone30-CD/5-FC at 0.1 and 1 MOIs exertedsignificant cytotoxic effects (P<0.05) on HepG2 cells. For treatment of H22 tumor-bearing mice, recombinantNDV was injected together with 5-FC given by either intra-tumor injection or tail vein injection. When 5-FCwas administered by intra-tumor injection, survival for the rClone30-CD/5-FC-treated mice was 4/6 for 80 daysperiod vs 1/6 , 0/6 and 0/6 for the mice treated with rClone30-CD, 5-FC and saline alone, respectively. When5-FC was given by tail vein injection, survival for the rClone30-CD/5-FC-treated mice was 3/6 vs 2/6 , 0/6 and0/6 for the mice treated with rClone30-CD, 5-FC or saline alone, respectively. In this study, NDV was used forthe first time to deliver the suicide gene for cancer therapy. Incorporation of the CD gene in the lentogenic NDVgenome together with 5-FC significantly enhances cell death of HepG2 tumor cells in vitro, decreases tumorvolume and increases survival of H22 tumor-bearing mice in vivo.
Cytosine deaminase,NDV,HepG2,H22,Suicide gene therapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28499.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28499_4691bddff624bfcd89f1e7d2d30a64d6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Clinical Prognostic Factors and Survival Outcome in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients - A Malaysian Single Centre Perspective
7497
7500
EN
<b>Background:</b> This study concerns clinical characteristics and survival of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patientsin University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), as well as the prognostic significance of presenting symptoms.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The clinical characteristics, presenting symptoms and survival of RCC patients(n=151) treated at UMMC from 2003-2012 were analysed. Symptoms evaluated were macrohaematuria, flankpain, palpable abdominal mass, fever, lethargy, loss of weight, anaemia, elevated ALP, hypoalbuminemia andthrombocytosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the prognosticsignificance of these presenting symptoms. Kaplan Meier and log rank tests were employed for survival analysis.<br/><b>Results</b>: The 2002 TNM staging was a prognostic factor (p<0.001) but Fuhrman grading was not significantlycorrelated with survival (p=0.088). At presentation, 76.8% of the patients were symptomatic. Generally,symptomatic tumours had a worse survival prognosis compared to asymptomatic cases (p=0.009; HR 4.74).All symptoms significantly affect disease specific survival except frank haematuria and loin pain on univariateCox regression analysis. On multivariate analysis adjusted for stage, only clinically palpable abdominal massremained statistically significant (p=0.027). The mean tumour size of palpable abdominal masses, 9.5±4.3cm,was larger than non palpable masses, 5.3±2.7cm (p<0.001). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This is the first report which includessurvival information of RCC patients from Malaysia. Here the TNM stage and a palpable abdominal mass wereindependent predictors for survival. Further investigations using a multicentre cohort to analyse mortality andsurvival rates may aid in improving management of these patients.
Prognostic factor,renal cell carcinoma,survival,Symptoms,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28500.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28500_cf5760aa0dd6e486d95136dd32925c74.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Selective miRNA Expression Profile in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 Cell-derived Exosomes
7501
7508
EN
<b>Background:</b> Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder of hematopoietic stem cellscarrying the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and an oncogenic BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. The tyrosine kinaseinhibitor (TKI) of BCR-ABL1 kinase is a treatment of choice for control of CML. <br/><b>Objective</b>: Recent studies havedemonstrated that miRNAs within exosomes from cancer cells play crucial roles in initiation and progression.This study was performed to assess miRNAs within exosomes of K562 cells. <br/><b>Methods</b>: miRNA microarray analysisof K562 cells and K562 cell-derived exosomes was conducted with the 6th generation miRCURYTM LNA Array(v.16.0). Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were also carriedout. GO terms and signaling pathways were categorized into 66 classes (including homophilic cell adhesion,negative regulation of apoptotic process, cell adhesion) and 26 signaling pathways (such as Wnt). <br/><b>Results</b>: Inexosomes, 49 miRNAs were up regulated as compared to K562 cells, and two of them were further confirmedby quantitative real-time PCR. There are differentially expressed miRNAs between K562 cell derived-exosomesand K562 cells. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Selectively expressed miRNAs in exosomes may promote the development of CMLvia effects on interactions (e.g. adhesion) of CML cells with their microenvironment.
MicroRNAs,exosomes,Leukemia,myelogenous,Chronic,microarray analysis,K562 cells
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28501.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28501_d43f2f37a2757407df6862cb429179d1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Sleep Duration and Cancer Risk: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
7509
7515
EN
To assess the risk of cancers associated with sleep duration using meta-analysis of published cohort studies,we performed a comprehensive search using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science through October 2013.We combined hazard ratios (HRs) from individual studies using meta-analysis approaches. A random effectdose-response analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and cancer risk. Subgroupanalyses and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Publication bias was evaluated using Funnel plots andBegg’s test. A total of 13 cohorts from 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis, which included 723, 337participants with 15, 156 reported cancer outcomes during a follow-up period ranging from 7.5 to 22 years.The pooled adjusted HRs were 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.23; P for heterogeneity =0.003) for short sleep duration,0.91 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.07; P for heterogeneity <0.0001) for long sleep duration. In subgroup analyses stratifiedby cancer type, long duration of sleep showed an inverse relation with hormone-related cancer (HR=0.79; 95%CI: 0.65, 0.97; P for heterogeneity =0.009) and a greater risk of colorectal cancer (HR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.52;P for heterogeneity =0.346). Further meta-analysis on dose-response relationships showed that the relative risksof cancer were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.01; P for linear trend=0.9151) for one hour of sleep increment per day, and1.00 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.01; P for linear trend=0.7749) for one hour of sleep increment per night. No significantdose-response relationship between sleep duration and cancer was found on non-linearity testing (P=0.5053). Ourmeta-analysis suggests a positive association between long sleep duration and colorectal cancer, and an inverseassociation with incidence of hormone related cancers like those in the breast. Studies with larger sample size,longer follow-up times, more cancer types and detailed measure of sleep duration are warranted to confirmthese results.
Sleep Duration,Cancer risk,Meta-analysis,hormone-related cancers
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28502.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28502_cf35dcc32cc44d3f38f838abcc4bca07.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Cancer Incidence in Southwest of Iran: First Report from Khuzestan Population-Based Cancer Registry, 2002-2009
7517
7522
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cancer incidence rates are increasing particularly in developing countries. It is crucial for policymakers to know basic cancer epidemiology in each region to design comprehensive prevention plans. There havehitherto been no population-based data available for cancer in Khuzestan province. The present report is a firstfrom the regional population-based cancer registry for the period of 2002-2009. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Datawere collected retrospectively reviewing all new cancer patients whom were registered in Khuzestan provincecancer registry during an 8-year period (2002-2009). All cases were coded based on the ICD-O-3 coding systemand collected data were computerized using SPSS (Chicago, IL) software, version 11.5. The age standardizedincidence rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person-year for all cancers were computed using the indirect method ofstandardization to the world population. <br/><b>Results</b>: During the 8-year study period, 16,801 new cancer cases wereregistered. Based on the computed ASRs, the five most frequent malignancies in females were breast (26.4 per100,000), skin (13.6), colorectal (5.72), stomach (4.31) and bladder(4.07) and in males, the five most frequentwere skin (16.0 per 100,000), bladder (10.7),prostate (7.64), stomach (7.17), and colorectal (6.32).The ASR forall malignancies in women was 92.5 per 100,000, and that for men was 87.4. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The observed patternsfrom the analysis of Khuzestan cancer registry data will lead to better understanding of the epidemiology ofvarious malignancies in this part ofthe country and consequently provide a useful guide for authorities to makeefficacious decisions and policies about a cancer control program for south-west Iran.
cancer,Incidence,population-based registration,Khouzestan,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28503.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28503_29a5b30325b6385c0a4fa73ec1520a0e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
A Novel Approach to Cloning and Expression of Human Thymidylate Synthase
7523
7527
EN
Thymidylate synthase (TS) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methylenetetrahydrofolate to dUMPto form dTMP. It is a primary target in the chemotherapy of colorectal cancers and some other neoplasms. Inorder to obtain pure protein for analysis of structure and biological function, an expression vector TS-pET28b(+) was constructed by inserting wild-type human thymidylate synthase (hTS) cDNA into pET28b (+). Then anexpression strain was selected after transformation of the recombined plasmid into Rosetta (DE3). Fusion proteinwith His-tag was efficiently expressed in the form of inclusion bodies after IPTG induction and the content wasapproximately 40.0% of total bacteria proteins after optimizing expression conditions. When inclusion bodieswere washed, dissolved and purified by Ni-NTA under denatured conditions, the purity was up to 90%. OnSDS-PAGE and West-blotting, the protein band was found to match well with the predicted relative molecularmass-36kDa. Bioactivity was 0.1 U/mg. The results indicated that high-level expression of wild-type hTS cDNAcan be achieved in prokaryotes with our novel method, facilitating research into related chemotherapy.
Wild,type human thymidylate synthase cDNA,Prokaryotic expression,rare codon
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28504.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28504_f26154572ccedc4fa46629cdc3af9caa.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
MiR-21 Upregulation Induced by Promoter Zone Histone Acetylation is Associated with Chemoresistance to Gemcitabine and Enhanced Malignancy of Pancreatic Cancer Cells
7529
7536
EN
Background and Aims: MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is reported to be overexpressed and to contribute toproliferation, apoptosis and gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). The aims ofthis study were to explore regulation of miR-21 expression by epigenetic change and its impact on chemoresistanceand malignant properties of of pancreatic cancer. Materials and methods: We retrospectively collected 41 cases ofadvanced pancreatic cancer patients who were sensitive or resistant to gemcitabine and assessed levels of serumcirculating miR-21 for correlation with cytotoxic activity. Histone acetylation in the miR-21 promoter was alsostudied in gemcitabine-sensitive and gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells. Gemcitabine-resistant HPAC and PANC-1cells were transfected with pre-miR-21 precursors (pre-miR-21) and antisense oligonucleotides (anti-miR-21), andwere treated with TSA. Finally, invasion and metastasis assays were performed and alteration in mir-21, PTEN,AKT and pAKT level was evaluated in these cells. <br/><b>Results</b>: Serum miR-21 levels were increased in gemcitabineresistantPDAC patients compared with gemcitabine-sensitive subjects. The miR-21 levels were increased in 6PDAC cells treated with gemcitabine significantly, associated with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s). Histoneacetylation levels at miR-21 promoter were increased in PDAC cells after treatment with gemcitabine. Enhancedinvasion and metastasis, increased miR-21 expression, decreased PTEN, elevated pAKT level were demonstratedin gemcitabine-resistant HPAC and PANC-1 cells. Pre-miR-21 transfection or TSA treatment further increasedinvasion and metastasis ability, decreased PTEN, and elevated pAKT levels in these two lines. In contrast,anti-miR-21 transfection could reverse invasion and metastasis, and PTEN and pAKT expressions induced bygemcitabine. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: MiR-21 upregulation induced by histone acetylation in the promoter zone is associatedwith chemoresistance to gemcitabine and enhanced malignant potential in pancreatic cancer cells.
Serum miR-21,advanced pancreatic cancer,chemosensitivity,Histone acetylation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28505.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28505_a154b18771f61f520633e8ca20b52e0b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Terpinen-4-ol Induces Autophagic and Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Leukemic HL-60 Cells
7537
7542
EN
<b>Background:</b> Terpinen-4-ol, a monoterpene, is found as the main component of essential oil extracts frommany plants. In this study apoptotic and autophagic types of cell death induced by terpinen-4-ol and associatedmechanisms were investigated in human leukemic HL-60 cells. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The cytotoxicity ofhuman leukemic U937 and HL-60 cells was determined by MTT assay. Cytochrome c release, expression of Bax,Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and cleaved Bid were determined by Western blotting. Cell morphology was examined under atransmission electron microscope. LC3-I/II, ATG5 and Beclin-1 levels were detected by immunoblotting. <br/><b>Results</b>:Terpinen-4-ol exhibited cytotoxicity to human leukemic HL-60 but not U937 cells. The apoptotic response toterpinen-4-ol in HL-60 cells was due to induction of cytochrome c release from mitochondria and cleavage of Bidprotein after the stimulation of caspase-8. There was a slightly decrease of Bcl-xl protein level. The characteristiccell morphology of autophagic cell death was demonstrated with multiple autophagosomes in the cytoplasm.At the molecular level, the results from Western blot analysis showed that terpinen-4-ol significantly inducedaccumulation of LC3-I/II, ATG5 and Beclin-1, regulatory proteins required for autophagy in mammalian cells.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Terpinen-4-ol induced-human leukemic HL-60 cell death was via both autophagy and apoptosis.
Terpinen-4-ol,HL-60 cells,Apoptosis,autophagic cell death,Leukemia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28506.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28506_ae450e00346c7e37caffdab2095b5c0c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Tea Consumption, Alcohol Drinking and Physical Activity Associations with Breast Cancer Risk among Chinese Females: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
7543
7550
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To evaluate associations between tea consumption, alcohol drinking and physical activity andbreast cancer risk among Chinese females. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Three English databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect andWiley) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang and VIP) were independently searched by 2 reviewersup to December 2012, complemented by manual searches. The quality of included studies was assessed withthe Newcastle-Ottawa Scale items. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled odds ratios (ORs)and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential publication bias was estimated through Egger’s and Begg’s tests.Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated with I2 statistics. <br/><b>Results</b>: Thirty-nine studies involving 13,204breast cancer cases and 87,248 controls were identified. Compared with non-drinkers, regular tea drinkers haddecreased risk (OR=0.79, 95%CIs: 0.65-0.95; I2=84.9%; N=16). An inverse association was also found betweenregular physical activity and breast cancer risk (OR=0.73, 95%CIs: 0.63-0.85; I2=77.3%; N=15). However,there was no significant association between alcohol drinking and breast cancer risk (OR=0.85, 95%CIs: 0.72-1.02; I2=63.8%; N=26). Most of the results from the subgroup analysis were consistent with the main results.<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Tea consumption and physical activity are significantly associated with a decreased risk of breastcancer in Chinese females. However, alcohol drinking may not be associated with any elevation of risk.
breast cancer,Tea consumption,alcohol drinking,physical activity,system review,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28507.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28507_c07935a5446e2b40c5af76f78f057f91.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Plasma Post-operative miR-21 Expression in the Prognosis of Gastric Cancers
7551
7554
EN
Tumor-associated microRNAs have been detected in serum or plasma, but whether plasma microRNA-21(miR-21) could be a potential circulating biomarker for gastric cancer (GC) prognosis in Chinese is still uncertain.Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed in this study to compare the relativeexpression of miR-21 between pre-operative and post-operative paired plasmas from 42 patients with primaryGCs. The results showed that the expression levels of miR-21 in the post-operative plasmas were significantlyreduced by an average of 18.2 times in all patients when compared to the pre-operative plasmas, and by 22.1times in the subgroup of patients without family history, while only 1.76 times in the subgroup of patients witha family history. With respect of clinicopathological characteristics, the plasma miR-21 expression was highlyassociated with differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis rate. The results suggested plasma miR-21could be a novel potential biomarker for GC prognosis and evaluation of surgery outcomes, especially in patientswithout a family history.
MicroRNA-21,Gastric cancer,Quantitative PCR,Plasma
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28508.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28508_90f5d1d20048cc6866d5243647c29953.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Clinical, Cytogenetic and CYP1A1 exon-1 Gene Mutation Analysis of Beedi Workers in Vellore Region, Tamil Nadu
7555
7560
EN
<b>Background:</b> Beedi rollers are exposed to unburnt tobacco dust through cutaneous and pharyngeal route andit is extremely harmful to the body since it is carcinogenic in nature and can cause cancer during long exposure.This indicates that occupational exposure to tobacco imposes considerable genotoxicity among beedi workers.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In the present study, 27 beedi workers and age and sex matched controls were enrolledfor clinical, cytogenetics and molecular analysis. Clinical features were recorded. The workers were in the agegroup of 28-67 years and were workers exposure from 8-60 years. Blood samples were collected from workersand control subjects and lymphocyte cultures were carried out by using standard technique, slides were preparedand 50 metaphases were scored for each sample to find the chromosomal abnormalities. For molecular analysisthe genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, to screen the variations in gene, the exon 1 of CYP1A1gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then screened with Single Strand ConformationPolymorphism (SSCP) analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: A statistically significant increase was observed in the frequencies ofchromosomal aberrations in exposed groups when compared to the respective controls and variations observedin Exon 1 of CYP1A1(Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1) gene. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This studyshows that, the toxicants present in the beedi that enter into human body causes disturbance to normal stateand behavior of the chromosomes which results in reshuffling of hereditary material causing chromosomalaberrations and genomic variations.
Beedi workers,cancer,chromosome aberrations,CYP1A1 gene,Polymorphism
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28509.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28509_e94d0b82823f08a196f05a1ff94f77c3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Synergistic Effects of PectaSol-C Modified Citrus Pectin an Inhibitor of Galectin-3 and Paclitaxel on Apoptosis of Human SKOV-3 Ovarian Cancer Cells
7561
7568
EN
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein which is thought to be involved in cancer progressionbut its contribution to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains unclear. The present study sought to determinethe role of Gal-3 in chemoresistance of the human SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell line to paclitaxel (PTX) usingrecombinant human Gal-3 (rhGal-3) and PectaSol-C modified citrus pectin (Pect-MCP) as a specific Gal-3competitive inhibitor. Our results showed 41% increased cell proliferation, 36% decreased caspase-3 activityand 33.6% increased substrate-dependent adhesion in the presence of rhGal-3 compared to the control case(p<0.001). Treatment of cells with a non-effective dose of PTX (100nM) and 0.1% Pect-MCP in combinationrevealed synergistic cytotoxic effects with 75% reduced cell viability and subsequent 3.9-fold increase in caspase-3activity. Moreover, there was 39% decrease in substrate-dependent adhesion compared to control (p<0.001).These results suggest that inhibition of Gal-3 could be a useful therapeutic tool for combination therapy ofovarian cancer.
Combination therapy,Ovarian Cancer,Galectin-3,modified citrus pectin,Paclitaxel,Apoptosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28510.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28510_18643115d122371b3a7c215b43f0cfd3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Preliminary Results of a Phase I/II Study of Simultaneous Boost Irradiation Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
7569
7576
EN
<b>Background:</b> The purpose of this article is to present preliminary results of simultaneous boost irradiationradiotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). <br/><b>Methods</b>: Fifty-eight patients who underwentsimultaneous boost irradiation radiotherapy for NPC in Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University betweenSeptember 2004 and December 2009 were eligible. Acute and late toxicities were scored weekly according to theRadiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) acute and late radiation morbidity scoring schemes. An especialfocus was on evidence of post-radiation brain injury. Also quality of life was analysed according to the EORTC(European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer) recommendations. Discrete variables werecompared by χ2 test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rates and generate survivalcurves. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 58 patients with a mean follow-up time of 36 months completed clinical trials.Fiftysevenpatients (98.3) achieved complete remission in the primary sites and cervical lymph nodes, with only onepatient (1.7%) showing partial remission.The most frequently observed acute toxicities during the concurrentchemoradiotherapy were mucositis and leucopenia. Four patients (6.9%) had RTOG grade 3 mucositis, whereasfour patients (6.9%) had grade 3 leucopenia. No patient had grade 4 acute toxicity. Three (5.17%) of the patientsexhibited injury to the brain on routine MRI examination, with a median observation of 32 months (range,25-42months). All of them were RTOG grade 0. The 3-year overall, regional-free and distant metastasis-freesurvival rates were 85%, 94% and 91%, respectively. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Simultaneous boost irradiation radiotherapyis feasible in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The results showed excellent local controland overall survival, with no significant increase the incidence of radiation brain injury or the extent of damage.A larger population of patients and a longer follow-up period are needed to evaluate ultimate tumor control andlate toxicity.
Locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma,simultaneous boost irradiation radiotherapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28511.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28511_f4c5d154eca204688ebcae493ed2e0a2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
The Interleukin-18 Promoter -607C>A Polymorphism Contributes to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Risk: Evidence from a Meta-analysis Including 1,886 Subjects
7577
7581
EN
The interleukin-18 promoter -607C>A gene polymorphism may be related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) risk but the results of individual studies remain conflicting. A meta-analysis including 1,886 subjectsfrom five individual studies was therefore performed to provide a more accurate estimation. Pooled odds ratios(ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were evaluated by fixed- or random-effectsmodels. A significant relationship between interleukin-18 promoter -607C>A gene polymorphism and NPC wasfound in a dominant genetic model (OR: 1.351, 95% CI: 1.089-1.676, P=0.006, Pheterogeneity=0.904), a homozygotemodel (OR: 1.338, 95% CI: 1.023-1.751, P=0.034, Pheterogeneity=0.863), and a heterozygote model (OR: 1.357, 95%CI: 1.080-1.704, P=0.009, Pheterogeneity=0.824). No significant association was detected in either an allelic geneticmodel (OR: 1.077, 95% CI: 0.960-1.207, 0.207, Pheterogeneity=0.844) or a recessive genetic model (OR: 1.093, 95% CI:0.878-1.361, P=0.425, Pheterogeneity=0.707). In conclusion, a significant association was found between interleukin-18promoter -607C>A gene polymorphism and NPC risk. Individuals with the C allele of interleukin-18 promoter-607C>A gene polymorphism have a higher risk of NPC development.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,Interleukin-18,Polymorphism,Meta-analysis,risk
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28512.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28512_5857c2b894b40f7bf40ee1bb8630bd66.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
The SOCS-1 -1478CA/del Polymorphism is not Associated with Colorectal Cancer or Age at Onset in Turkish Subjects
7583
7586
EN
<b>Background:</b> Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 acts as a key regulator of many cytokine signalingpathways and its abnormal expression has been identified in several human malignancies, suggesting potentialroles in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate any association between the functional SOCS-1 -1478CA>del polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CC) as well as age at onset in a Turkish clinical sample.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 122 subjects were enrolled in this case-control study (70 CC cases and 52controls). The SOCS-1 -1478CA>del polymorphism was genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction-restrictionfragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. <br/><b>Results</b>: The odds ratio of the del allele for CC relativeto the CA allele was not significantly different between the groups (OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.41–1.22, p=0.27). Thisresult did not change after adjustment for age and sex on multivariable regression analysis (OR=0.84, 95%CI=0.59–1.34, p=0.53). When the SOCS-1 -1478CA>del polymorphism was analyzed among CC patients inrelation to the age at disease onset, we found no significant differences between subjects with the del/del, CA/del,and CA/CA genotypes. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results of our study did not point towards a major role of the SOCS-1-1478CA>del polymorphism in the pathogenesis of CC in Turkish subjects.
colorectal cancer,age at onset,suppressor of cytokine signaling,Polymorphism,association study
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28513.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28513_dc6de3631ec442fadcd3054ca31c4b9b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Trend Analysis of Gastrointestinal Cancer Incidences in Guilan Province: Comparing Rates over 15 Years
7587
7593
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cancers of gastric and esophagus are the most frequent gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers inIran. This study aimed to analyze time trends of GI tract cancers in Guilan province by gender and age to providesolid scientific evidence for cancer prevention and control. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The data were obtainedfrom the Guilan Cancer Registry System and Guilan Provincial Health Center, over the 15 year period between1997 and 2011. Crude incidence and age standardized (AS)incidence rates were calculated and annual percentchange was estimated by Joinpoint software for long term trend analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: During the study period, 8,332cases of GI malignances with a male to female ratio of 1:1.73 were registered in Guilan province. The AS ratesfor esophageal, gastric, colon and rectal cancers were 5.97, 14.5, 7.59 and 3.58 per 105 respectively. While thetrend was declining and relatively constant for esophageal and gastric cancer, respectively, the incidence trendfor colon and rectal cancers was of increase over the period of the study. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results indicatedthat the incidence of GI cancers was relatively low in Guilan province compared to neighboring provinces. Aneffective cancer control program including prevention measures, early detection and effective treatment needsto be implemented to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality.
Trends,gastrointestinal cancers,AS incidence rates,Guilan province,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28514.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28514_c82ceb95b346e6dcf2b669e54139280d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer in Rural Areas of Wuhan China: a Matched Case-control Study
7595
7600
EN
Cervical cancer is a serious public health problem in developing countries. We investigated possible riskfactors for cervical cancer in rural areas of Wuhan China using a matched case-control study with 33 womendiagnosed with cervical cancer and 132 healthy women selected from the same area as matched controls. Aquestionnaire, which included questions about general demography conditions, environmental and geneticfactors, the first sexual intercourse, first marriage age, age at first pregnancy, pregnancy first child’s age, femalepersonal health history, social psychological factors, dietary habits, smoking and alcohol status and other livinghabits was presented to all participants. At the same time, HPV infection of every participant was examined inlaboratory testing. Results showed HPV infection (P<0.000, OR=23.4) and pregnancy first child’s age (P<0.000,OR=13.1) to be risk factors for cervical cancer. Menopause (P=0.003, OR=0.073) was a protective factor againstcervical cancer. However, there was no indication of associations of environmental (drinking water, insecticide,disinfectant) genetic (cancer family history), or life-style factors (smoking status, alcohol status, physical training,sleep quality), including dietary habits (intake of fruit and vegetable, meat, fried food, bean products and pickledfood) or social psychological factors with cervical cancer. The results suggest that the risk of cervical cancer inChinese rural women may be associated with HPV infection, menopause and the pregnancy first child’s age.
cervical cancer,risk factors,matched case control study,rural China
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28515.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28515_e36f204a4048fdff844dd784067bbbd9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Gambogenic Acid Induction of Apoptosis in a Breast Cancer Cell Line
7601
7605
EN
<b>Background:</b> Gambogenic acid is a major active compound of gamboge which exudes from the Garciniahanburyi tree. Gambogenic acid anti-cancer activity in vitro has been reported in several studies, including anA549 nude mouse model. However, the mechanisms of action remain unclear. <br/><b>Methods</b>: We used nude mousemodels to detect the effect of gambogenic acid on breast tumors, analyzing expression of apoptosis-relatedproteins in vivo by Western blotting. Effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins inMDA-MB-231 cells were detected by MTT, flow cytometry and Western blotting. Inhibitors of caspase-3,-8,-9were also used to detect effects on caspase family members. <br/><b>Results</b>: We found that gambogenic acid suppressedbreast tumor growth in vivo, in association with increased expression of Fas and cleaved caspase-3,-8,-9 and bax,as well as decrease in the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. Gambogenic acid inhibited cell proliferation and inducedcell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our observations suggested that Gambogenicacid suppressed breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell growth by mediating apoptosis through death receptor andmitochondrial pathways in vivo and in vitro.
Gambogenic acid,Apoptosis,breast cancer,MDA-MB-231 cells
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28516.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28516_205daf1cbb510659b7aa4cff05053ae3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Comparison between Visual Inspection of Cervix and Cytology Based Screening Procedures in Bangladesh
7607
7611
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cervical cancer continues to be a major problem in Bangladesh with approximately 18,000 newcases annually of which over 10,000 women die from it. Visual inspection of the cervix after 3-5% acetic acid(VIA) application is a simple and easy to learn method for cervical cancer screening, although cytology-basedscreening is more often applied in developed countries where it has successfully reduced the prevalence of cervicalcancer. <br/><b>Objective</b>: To compare the efficacy of VIA and cytology-based primary methods for cervical cancerscreening in Bangladesh. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This hospital based comparative study was conducted at theVIA centre and Colposcopy Clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from October2008 to October 2010. <br/><b>Results</b>: Among 650 women, 74 (11.4%) were VIA+ve and 8 (1.2%) had abnormalitiesin their Pap smear reports. During colposcopy, 38 (7.7%) women had different grades of CIN and 4 (0.6%)had cervical cancer. The gold standard histology findings proved 20 women had CIN I, 14 had CIN II/II and 4had cervical cancer. Among the 38 histology diagnosed abnormalities, VIA test could identify 30 abnormalitiesincluding two cervical cancers. However, Pap smear could detect only 8 cases of histological abnormalities (2low grade and 6 had high grade lesion) and it missed all the cervical cancer cases. The sensitivity and specificityof VIA were 88.9% and 52.1%. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were41.0%, and 92.6% respectively. Moreover, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of Pap smear were 33.3%,95.8%, 75.0% and 79.3%, respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: VIA test should be used as the primary screening tool evenwith its low sensitivity and specificity in low resource countries like Bangladesh. False positive results may begreater, but overtreatment can be minimized by colposcopy evaluation of the VIA positive women.
Comparison,VIA,Pap smear,Bangladesh
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28517.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28517_36132e577dcd0741901a17f541fd7c9b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Helicobacter pylori Infection and the Risk of Colorectal Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma: an Updated Meta-analysis of Different Testing Methods
7613
7619
EN
Background and Aims: Helicobacter pylori infection may be associated with an increased risk of colorectalcarcinoma. However, as most studies on this subject were relatively small in size and differed at least partially intheir designs, their results remain controversial. In this study, we aimed to carry out a meta-analysis to evaluatethe potential association of H. pylori infection with colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma risk, covering all ofthe different testing methods. <br/><b>Methods</b>: We conducted a search in PubMed, Medline, EBSCO, High Wire Press,OVID, and EMBASE covering all published papers up to March 2013. According to the established inclusioncriteria, essential data were then extracted from the included studies and further analyzed by a systematicmeta-analysis. Odds ratios were employed to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection and therisk of colorectal neoplasms. <br/><b>Results</b>: Twenty-two studies were included, and the odds ratio for the associationbetween H. pylori infection and colorectal cancer was 1.49 (95% confidence interval 1.30-1.72). No statisticallysignificant heterogeneity was observed. Publication bias was ruled out. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: The pooled data suggest H.pylori infection indeed increases the risk of colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma.
Helicobacter pylori,Colorectal adenoma,adenocarcinoma,risk,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28518.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28518_13852f97b30782eef66187eaf50cab87.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Detection of HER2 Status in Breast Cancer: Comparison of Current Methods with MLPA and Real-time RT-PCR
7621
7628
EN
Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) status is an important prognostic factor in breast cancer.There is no globally accepted method for determining its status, and which method is most precise is stilla matter of debate. We here analyzed HER2 mRNA expression by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR(qRT-PCR) and HER2 DNA amplification using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Inparallel, we performed a routine evaluation of HER2 protein by immunohistochemistry (IHC). To assess theaccuracy of the RT-PCR and MLPA techniques, a combination of IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) was used, substituting FISH when the results of IHC were ambiguous (2+) and for those IHC results thatdisagreed with MLPA and qRT-PCR, this approach being termed IHC-FISH. The IHC results for four sampleswere not compatible with the MLPA and qRT-PCR results; the MLPA and qRT-PCR results for these sampleswere confirmed by FISH. The correlations between IHC-FISH and qRT-PCR or MLPA were 0.945 and 0.973,respectively. The ASCO/CAP guideline IHC/FISH correlation with MLPA was (0.827) and with RT-PCR was(0.854). The correlations between the IHC results (0, 1+ as negative, and 3+ as positive) and qRT-PCR and MLPAtechniques were 0.743 and 0.831, respectively. Given the shortcomings of IHC analysis and greater correlationsbetween MLPA, qRT-PCR, and FISH methods than IHC analysis alone with each of these three methods, wepropose that MLPA and real-time PCR are good alternatives to IHC. However a suitable cut-off point for qRTPCRis a prerequisite for determining the exact status of HER2.
breast cancer,HER2 status- MLPA,IHC,fish,RT-PCR,method comparison
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28519.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28519_c55dd4492b72eddb7aad430dcb667995.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Association of the Cylin D1 G870A Polymorphism with Laryngeal Cancer: Are they Really Related?
7629
7634
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cylin D1(CCDN1) is an important regulator of the cell cycle whose alterations are thoughtto be involved in cancer development. There have been many studies indicating CCDN1 amplification or overexpressionin a variety of cancer types. In addition to gene amplification, the G870A polymorphism may berelated with altered CCDN1 activity, and therefore with cancer development. This hypothesis has been testedin different cancer types but results have been contradictory. We therefore aimed to investigate any relationshipbetween CCDN1 A870G genotypes and laryngeal squamous cell cancer development and progression. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 68 Turkish patients with primary laryngeal squamous cell cancer and 133 healthycontrols were enrolled. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was usedto determine the CCDN1 genotypes. <br/><b>Results</b>: No significant association was detected between CCDN1 genotypesand laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LxSCCa) development. Similarly CCDN1 genotypes were not related toclinical parameters of Lx SCCa. However, there was a very significant association between CCDN1 G alleleand presence of perineural invasion (p= 0.003; OR: 1.464; CI% 1.073-1.999). CCDN1 G allele frequency wassignificantly higher in the individuals with perineural invasion (85.7%) when compared to those without (58.5%).The 2 patients who died of disease were both found to possess the GG genotype. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: These resultspose a controversy in suggesting a protective role of the G allele against LxSCCa development and support theassociation of CCDN1 gene GG genotype with mortality in patients with LxSCCa.
SNP,CCDN1,A870G,pro241pro,laryngeal squamous cell cancer,Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28520.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28520_48b6ccabcffd39bb336b4531f61f69d7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Sperm-Associated Antigen 9 is a Promising marker for Early Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer
7635
7638
EN
<b>Background:</b> Sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) has been recently proposed as a novel biomarker for earlydiagnosis of several human tumors, including ovarian, cervical and breast cancers. Its clinical value remainsto be clarified for endometrial cancer (EC). In this study, we investigated the utility of serum SPAG9 levels indiagnosis of EC and its association with important clinicopathological parameters. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:This cross-sectional study was performed at a tertiary women’s referral center in Ankara, Turkey. Preoperativeserum samples were collected from patients surgically treated for endometrial cancer between June 2012-April2013. Similar aged women with a biopsy proven benign endometrium were used as controls. Serum SPAG9levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and assessed for linkswith clinicopathological factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed toassess power of SPAG9 levels for EC prediction. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.<br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 63 women with EC and 27 with benign endometrium were included in the study. Mean agein the EC group was 58.7±1.1. Median SPAG9 levels in the EC and control groups were 18.3 (range, 12.7-53.8)and 14.1 (range, 4.3-65.3), respectively (p<0.001). A cut-off value of 17 ng/ml for SPAG9 predicted presence ofmalignant endometrium with 74% sensitivity and 83% specificity [Area under curve (AUC)=0.82, p<0.001].SPAG9 levels did not demonstrate any significant association with histological type, FIGO stage, tumor grade,size, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, peritonealcytology or lymph node status (all p>0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Testing for SPAG9 may be useful for early detectionof EC in asymptomatic high-risk women. Its role in post-treatment follow-up and early detection of recurrenceshould be assessed in future trials.
Endometrial cancer,sperm-associated antigen 9,cancer testis antigens,Early Diagnosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28521.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28521_ce00896f15d29566fb308de755ce84e0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Qualitative Assessment of Breast Cancer Early Detection Services Provided through Well Woman Clinics in the District of Gampaha in Sri Lanka
7639
7644
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women in Sri Lanka. Early detectioncan lead to reduction in morbidity and mortality. The objective here was to identify perceptions of public healthmidwives (PHMs) on the importance of early detection of breast cancer and deficiencies of and suggestions onimproving existing breast cancer early detection services provided through Well Woman Clinics. Materials and<br/><b>Methods</b>: A qualitative study using four focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among 38 PHMs in theGampaha district in Sri Lanka and the meetings were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using constantcomparison and identifying themes and categories. <br/><b>Results</b>: All the PHMs had a firm realization on the need ofbreast cancer early detection. The four FGDs among PHMs revealed non-availability of guidelines, inadequacyof training, lack of skills and material to provide health education, inability to provide privacy during clinicalexamination, shortage of stationery, lack of community awareness and motivation. The suggestions for theimprovements of the programme identified in FGDs were capacity building of PHMs, making availability ofguidelines, rescheduling clinics, improving the supervision, strengthening the monitoring, improving coordinationbetween clinical and preventive sectors, and improving community awareness. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Results of the FGDscan provide useful information on components to be improved in breast cancer early detection services. Studyrecommendations were training programmes at basic and post basic levels on a regular basis and supervisionfor the sustainance of the breast cancer early detection program.
Early detection of breast cancer,well woman clinics,qualitative assessment,Sri Lanka
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28522.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28522_f9de4c2dcfd3f738e100ba9d1c78c6a0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Prognostic Significance of Peripheral Blood Flow Cytometry Parameters in Patients with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer
7645
7649
EN
<b>Background:</b> Immune functions and their relation to prognosis in breast cancer patients have become areasof great interest in recent years. Correlations between survival outcomes and peripheral blood flow cytometryparameters are therefore of interest. Here we focused on patients with non-metastatic breast cancer (BC).Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 29 patients with pathological confirmed breast carcinoma and flow cytometrydata were assessed for overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). <br/><b>Results</b>: The median age of thepatients was 54 years (range, 29-83). Multivariate analysis revealed that OS was significantly associated withabsolute cytotoxic T cell count (95%CI, coef 2.26, p=0.035), tumor size (95%CI, coef -14.5, p 0.004), chemotherapy(95%CI, coef 12.9, p 0.0001), MFI of CD4 (95%CI, coef -5.1, P 0.04), MFI of HLA DR (95%CI, coef -5.9, p0.008) and tumor grade (95%CI, coef -13, P 0.049) with R-Sq(adj)=67%. Similar findings were obtained forPFS. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: OS and PFS were significantly associated with tumor grade, tumor size, chemotherapy, MFIof CD4, HLA DR and absolute cytotoxic T cell count. The study revealed that MFI of basic CD markers andabsolute cytotoxic T cell number may be a prognostic factors in women with non-metastatic BC.
breast cancer,flow cytometry parameters,cytotoxic T cells
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28523.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28523_38840f26dd638911fd01f9f5931c4687.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Angiogenesis Markers in Breast Cancer - Potentially Useful Tools for Priority Setting of Anti-Angiogenic Agents
7651
7656
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in both developed and developingcountries. The burden is increasing in low-income and middle-income countries (LMCs) and threatens thepublic health of such societies. Introduction of expensive monoclonal antibodies to cancer treatment regimensposes a real challenge in the health systems of LMCs. Despite controversy of cost-effectiveness of bevacizumabin breast cancer, some studies indicate gain of patients from this drug. The present study aimed to propose apriority setting model for administration of anti-angiogenic agents in breast cancer via assessment of tumorangiogenesis by the microvessel density (MVD) method and associations with clinicopathological characteristics(including simultaneous mutations of TP53 and HER-2 genes). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Age, axillary lymphnodes status, tumor size, stage and grade, estrogen and progesterone receptors status, HER-2/neu status (byimmunohistochemistry and FISH test), TP53 mutation, Ki-67 (for proliferation assay) and CD34 (for angiogenesisassay) were assessed in 111 breast cancer patients. The molecular subtype of each tumor was also determined andcorrelations of simultaneous mutations of HER-2 and p53 genes with angiogenesis and other clinicopathologicalcharacteristics were evaluated. <br/><b>Results</b>: There were significant associations between simultaneous mutations ofHER-2 and p53 genes and all other parameters except tumor size. The degree of angiogenesis in the ERBB2subtype was greater than the others. Younger patients showed a higher angiogenesis rate rather those older than50 years. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our results demonstrated that patients with simultaneous mutations of HER-2 and p53genes, those with ERBB2 molecular subtype and also younger women (often triple negative) seem more eligiblefor obtaining anti-angiogenic agents. These results suggest a model for priority setting of patients with breastcancer for treatment with anti-angiogenic drugs in LMCs.
breast cancer,low-income and middle-income countries,anti-angiogenic agents,microvessel density
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28524.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28524_9a526d6e13d60a149bb7bd7dc4e31c06.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Colorectal Cancer Screening among Government Servants in Brunei Darussalam
7657
7661
EN
<b>Background:</b> This study concerns uptake and results of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening of governmentservant as part of the Health Screening Program that was conducted in Brunei Darussalam in 2009. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: Government servants above the age of 40 or with family history of CRC were screened with a singlefecal occult blood test (FIT, immunohistochemistry). Among 11,576 eligible subjects, 7,360 (66.9%) returned theirspecimen. Subjects with positive family history of CRC (n=329) or polyps (n=135) were advised to attend clinicsto arrange screening. All the subjects with positive FIT (n=142, 1.9%) were referred to the endoscopy unit forcounselling for screening colonoscopy. <br/><b>Results</b>: Overall only 17.7% of eligible subjects attended for screening;54.9% (n=79/142) of positive FIT, 8.8% (n=29/329) of positive family history of CRC and none with history ofpolyps (n=0/135). Of these, only 54 patients (50.5%) agreed for colonoscopy, 52 (48.6%) declined as they wereasymptomatic, and one was not offered (0.9%) due to his very young age. On screening colonoscopy, 12.9% (n=7)had advanced lesions including a sigmoid carcinoma in situ and six advanced polyps. The other findings includednon advanced polyps (n=21), diverticular (n=11) and hemorrhoids (n=26). One patient who missed his screeningcolonoscopy appointment re-presented two years later and was diagnosed with advanced right sided CRC. Allthe advanced lesions were detected in patients with positive FIT, giving a yield of 20.5% for advanced lesionsincluding cancers in the 5.1% FIT positive subjects. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our study showed screening for CRC evenwith a single FIT was effective. However, the uptake rate was poor with just over half of the patients agreeing toscreening colonoscopy. Measures to increase public awareness are important. Since one limitation of our studywas the relatively small sample size, larger studies should be conduced in future.
colorectal cancer,screening colonoscopy,fecal occult blood,compliance,Brunei Darussalam
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28525.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28525_c8f06b7ed705494a285263d7d5e1c8b3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
What Turkish Nurses Know and Do about Skin Cancer and Sun Protective Behavior
7663
7668
EN
<b>Background:</b> Skin cancer is a global health problem that can be prevented by protective behavior promotedby nurses. In Turkey, only few studies have examined current knowledge of nurses related to skin cancer andto reveal their attitudes towards sun exposure and current protective behavior. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Thisdescriptive cross-sectional study was performed from March 11 to May 30, 2013 with a study sample of 310nurses working in two state hospitals located in Karabük and Safranbolu. <br/><b>Results</b>: Mean age of the nurses was30.3±6.89 years and 96.1% of them had graduated with a Bachelor degree. The participants were predominantlyfemale (n=284). Knowledge level about skin cancer was significantly higher for females compared to males.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Nurses do not have sufficient knowledge about skin cancer and are not adequately protectingthemselves from ultraviolet light, the primary risk factor for skin cancer. While they demonstrated a responsibleattitude towards avoiding sunburn and the need for adequate sun protection, they do not fully appreciate theextent to which the sun can cause skin cancer and that they lack full understanding about the need to protectthe skin from burning and to avoid long term sun exposure in Turkey.
Skin Cancer,Nurse,nurse attitude,Sun exposure,sun protection behavior,Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28526.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28526_4e0198c71af7de7801415121e6c8306e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Quality of Life in Ovarian Cancer Patients Choosing to Receive Salvage Chemotherapy or Palliative Treatment
7669
7674
EN
<b>Background:</b> The hypothesis that patients who primarily progress on two consecutive chemotherapy regimenswithout evidence of clinical benefit may opt for supportive care was investigated. The purpose was to determinethe quality of life in recurrent ovarian cancer patients choosing to receive salvage chemotherapy in additionto supportive care or palliative care alone. A secondary objective was to evaluate factors that affect quality oflife in ovarian cancer patients. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A descriptive study was conducted in patients who hadhistological confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer and failed to respond to at least one regimen of chemotherapy,coming for treatment at the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand over a six-monthperiod from August 2012-March 2013. Each patient was asked to complete the FACT-G and a general personalquestionnaire. The median quality of life score was analyzed. The Mann Whitney U Test was used to comparethe difference between salvage chemotherapy and palliative care groups, and the Kruskal Wallis was used toevaluate other variables. <br/><b>Results</b>: Thirty-eight ovarian cancer patients were identified who failed to respondto chemotherapy. Of the 38, 30 chose salvage chemotherapy and eight palliative care for further treatment. Byhistology the carcimnomas were predominantly endometrioid subtype and poorly differentiated. The majorityof patients in this study had FIGO stage III, and ECOG status 0-1. The median quality of life score was 76.3(35.8-94.0), with no significant differences between the groups. Factors associated with the quality of life werethe ECOG score and number of chemotherapeutic courses. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In the setting of refractory or recurrentepithelial ovarian cancer, patients who receive salvage chemotherapy have comparable quality of life scores withpatients treated with palliative care alone, providing a contrast with previous studies.
Quality of Life,Ovarian Cancer,salvage chemotherapy,palliative care
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28527.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28527_e42a4ab9233193a811e19f7c41b93ccd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Prevalence of Aflatoxin Induced p53 Mutation at Codon 249 (R249s) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with and without Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)
7675
7679
EN
<b>Background:</b> A missense mutation in exon 7 (R249S) of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is characteristicof aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure. AFB1 is believed to have a synergistic effect on hepatitis virus B (HBV)carcinogenesis. However, results of studies comparing R249S prevalence among patients are conflicting. The aimof this study was to determine the prevalence of the R249S mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patientswith or without positive HBsAg. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Paraffin embedded liver tissues were obtained from124 HCC patients who underwent liver resection and liver biopsy in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital.Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was utilized to detect the R249S mutation. Positive resultswere confirmed by direct sequencing. <br/><b>Results</b>: Sixty four (52%) patients were positive for HBsAg and 18 (15%)were anti-HCV positive. 12 specimens tested positive by RFLP. Ten HCC patients (8.1%) were confirmed to beR249S positive by Sanger sequencing (AGG to AGT). Out of these 10, six were HBsAg positive, and out of theremaining 4, two were anti-HCV positive. The R249S prevalence among HCC patients with positive HBsAg was9.4% compared to 6.7% for HBsAg negative samples. Patients with the R249S mutation were younger (55±10vs 60±13 year-old) and tended to have a more advanced Edmonson-Steiner grade of HCC, although differencesdid not reach statistical significance. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our study shows moderate prevalence of aflatoxin B1-relatedp53 mutation (R249S) in HCC with or without HBsAg. HBsAg positive status was not associated with R249Sprevalence.
Aflatoxin B1,R249S,p53 mutation,249ser,Hepatocellular carcinoma,HBsAg
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28528.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28528_be0ec43669dd471e525f8d7e4542c957.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Immunoregulatory Function of HLA-G in Gastric Cancer
7681
7684
EN
<b>Background:</b> Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G-positive gastric cancers are associated with poorsurvival, but links with tumor escape mechanisms remain to be determined. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We usedimmunohistochemistry to investigate HLA-G expression, tumor infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes, and Tregcells in 52 gastric cancer patients. <br/><b>Results</b>: There were 29 cancer-related deaths during the follow-up period.Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with HLA-G-positive (n=16) primary tumors had a significantlypoorer prognosis than patients with HLA-G-negative tumors (n=36, p=0.008). The median survival time was14 months and 47 months, respectively. Patients with high numbers of Tregs and low numbers of CD8+Tlymphocytes in the primary tumor had a poorer prognosis than those with low numbers of Tregs and highnumbers of CD8+T lymphocytes (p=0.034, p=0.043). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysisshowed that HLA-G expression (hazard ratio: 2.662; 95% confidence interval: 1.242-5.723; p=0.012) and stage(hazard ratio: 2.012;95% confidence interval: 1.112-3.715; p=0.041) were independent unfavorable factors forpatient survival. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: We found a significant positive correlation between HLA-G expression and thenumber of tumor infiltrating Tregs (p=0.01) and a negative correlation with the number of CD8+T lymphocytes(p=0.041). HLA-G may protect gastric cancer cells from cytolysis by inducing Foxp3+Treg lymphocytes andsuppressing CD8+T lymphocytes.
HLA-G,Gastric cancer,CD8 T lymphocytes,Treg cells
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28529.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28529_a608d2a24ab3bd6492eaf1b7711d3ba2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Prevalence, Awareness, Control, and Treatment of Hypertension and Diabetes in Korean Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
7685
7692
EN
<b>Background:</b> Management of hypertension and diabetes in cancer survivors is an important issue; however,not much is known about the level of management of such chronic disease in Korea. This study therefore assessedthe prevalence, awareness, control, and treatment of hypertension and diabetes in Korean cancer survivorscompared to non-cancer survivors. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A cross-sectional design was employed, whereindata were obtained from standardized questionnaires completed by 943 cancer survivors and 41,233 non-cancersurvivors who participated in the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys(2007-2011). We calculated adjusted proportions for prevalence and management of hypertension and diabetesin non-cancer survivors and cancer survivors. We also assessed the associated factors with prevalence andmanagement of cancer survivors. <br/><b>Results</b>: Cancer survivors are more likely than the general population to havehigher prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. However, diabetic management was notsignificantly higher in cancer survivors than in non-cancer survivors, despite their having a higher prevalence.Several factors, such as, age, drinking, years since cancer diagnosis, self-perceived health status, and specificcancer types were found to affect to management of hypertension and diabetes. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: These data suggestthat cancer survivors appear to be better than non-cancer survivors at management of hypertension, but notdiabetes. There is a need for healthcare providers to recognize the importance of long-term chronic diseasemanagement for cancer survivors and for the care model to be shared between primary care physicians andoncologists.
Prevalence,awareness,Control,treatment,Hypertension,Diabetes,cancer survivors,Korea
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28530.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28530_b2dd8cf205a5ed5f1232954a16e9d89a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Perceived Susceptibility, and Cervical Cancer Screening Benefits and Barriers in Malaysian Women Visiting Outpatient Clinics
7693
7699
EN
Aims: A main reason for increasing incidence of cervical cancer worldwide is the lack of regular cervicalcancer screening. Coverage and uptake remain major challenges and it is crucial to determine the perceivedsusceptibility to cervical cancer, as well as the benefits of, and barriers to, cervical cancer screening among women.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 369 women attending an outpatient centrein Malaysia and data were collected by administering a self-report questionnaire. <br/><b>Results</b>: The majority of theparticipants (265, 71.8%) showed good level of perception of their susceptibility to cervical cancer. Almost allresponded positively to four statements about the perceived benefits of cervical cancer screening (agree, 23.1% orstrongly agree, 52.5%), whereas negative responses were received from most of the participants (agree, 29.9%orstrongly agree, 14.6 %) about the eleven statements on perceived barriers. Significant associations were observedbetween age and perceived susceptibility(x2=9.030, p=0.029); between employment status (p<0.001) as well asethnicity and perceived benefits (p<0.05 [P=0.003]); and between education and perceived barriers to cervicalcancer screening (p<0.001). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Perceived susceptibility, including knowledge levels and personal riskassessment, should be emphasized through education and awareness campaigns to improve uptake of cervicalcancer screening in Malaysia.
cervical cancer,Susceptibility,Screening,Benefits,Barriers,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28531.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28531_7d3917de945479486528d3e579d1ff89.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Granisetron-Based versus Standard Antiemetic Regimens in Low-Emetogenic Chemotherapy: A Hospital-based Perspective from Malaysia
7701
7706
EN
<b>Background:</b> In a prospective cohort study of antiemetic therapy conducted in Malaysia, a total of 94patients received low emetogenic chemotherapy (LEC) with or without granisetron injections as the primaryprophylaxis for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). This study is a retrospective cost analysisof two antiemetic regimens from the payer perspective. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This cost evaluation refers to2011, the year in which the observation was conducted. Direct costs incurred by hospitals including the drugacquisition, materials and time spent for clinical activities from prescribing to dispensing of home medicationswere evaluated (MYR 1=$0.32 USD). As reported to be significantly different between two regimens (96.1%vs 81.0%; p=0.017), the complete response rate of acute emesis which was defined as a patient successfullytreated without any emesis episode within 24 hours after LEC was used as the main indicator for effectiveness.<br/><b>Results</b>: Antiemetic drug acquisition cost per patient was 40.7 times higher for the granisetron-based regimenthan for the standard regimen (MYR 64.3 vs 1.58). When both the costs for materials and clinical activities wereincluded, the total cost per patient was 8.68 times higher for the granisetron-based regimen (MYR 73.5 vs 8.47).Considering the complete response rates, the mean cost per successfully treated patient in granisetron group was7.31 times higher (MYR 76.5 vs 10.5). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) with granisetron-basedregimen, relative to the standard regimen, was MYR 430.7. It was found to be most sensitive to the change ofantiemetic effects of granisetron-based regimen. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: While providing a better efficacy in acute emesiscontrol, the low incidence of acute emesis and high ICER makes use of granisetron as primary prophylaxis inLEC controversial.
granisetron,CINV,low emetogenic,Cost-Effectiveness,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28532.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28532_51282143e183f0b030730d5481780934.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Effect of Direct Education on Breast Self Examination Awareness and Practice among Women in Bolu, Turkey
7707
7711
EN
Aims: To evaluate breast self examination (BSE) practice and the effect of a training program conducted byhealthcare professionals on BSE. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Women were randomized into control and test groupswith both groups completing a questionnaire and three independent interviews where their BSE practices wereevaluated. <br/><b>Results</b>: In all, 39.5% of the participants were previously provided information on BSE by healthcareprofessionals while 25.8% had no knowledge of BSE prior to enrollment. Compared to those informed about BSEthrough other means such as television, radio, and the internet, the scores of the first, second, and third visitswere higher (p<0.05) in individuals who received BSE education from healthcare professionals and hospitals.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: BSE training provided by healthcare professionals may increase early breast cancer diagnosis andtreatment rates by improving BSE awareness and practice.
Breast self examination,education interventions,Knowledge,screening practice,Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28533.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28533_02a2ccb9f9a97b302480579866428f5a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Methylation Profile of BRCA1, RASSF1A and ER in Vietnamese Women with Ovarian Cancer
7713
7718
EN
DNA methylation is considered a promising biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer in general and of ovariancancer in particular. In our study, we validated the accuracy of methylation specific polymerase chain reaction(MSP) to analyze the methylation pattern of BRCA1, RASSF1A and ER in 59 and 10 Vietnamese patients withepithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and benign ovarian tumors, respectively. We found methylation of BRCA1,RASSF1A and ER in 11/59 (18.6%), 40/59 (67.8%) and 15/59 (25.4%) of EOC cases, while methylation of BRCA1was only detected in 2/10 (20%) benign ovarian patients. Forty five out of the 59 EOCs (78%) demonstratedmethylation at one or more genes. The methylation frequency of RASSF1A was significantly associated with EOC(p<0.0005). No significant association was observed between methylation status of these genes and the clinicaland pathological parameters of tumors collected from Vietnamese women suffering from ovarian cancer.
Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1),RAS-association domain family member 1 (RASSF1A),estrogen receptor α (ER)
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28534.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28534_0ca3f2b6c31f16395c6d1218a065dc68.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
siRNA-mediated Silencing of Survivin Inhibits Proliferation and Enhances Etoposide Chemosensitivity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
7719
7724
EN
<b>Background:</b> Overexpression of survivin, a known inhibitor of apoptosis, is associated with tumor progressionand drug resistance in numerous malignancies, including leukemias. The aim of this study was to investigate theeffect of a specific survivin small interference RNA (siRNA) on proliferation and the sensitivity of HL-60 acutemyeloid leukemia (AML) cells to the chemotherapeutic drug etoposide. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The cells weretransfected with siRNAs using Lipofectamine™2000 transfection reagent. Relative survivin mRNA and proteinlevels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Trypan blue exclusionassays were performed to monitor tumor cell proliferation after siRNA transfection. The cytotoxic effects ofetoposide and survivin siRNA, alone and in combination, on leukemic cells were determined using MTT assay.Apoptosis was assessed by ELISA cell death assay. <br/><b>Results</b>: Survivin siRNA markedly reduced both mRNA andprotein expression levels in a time-dependent manner, leading to distinct inhibition of cell proliferation andincreased spontaneous apoptosis. Surprisingly, survivin siRNA synergistically increased the cell toxic effects ofetoposide. Moreover, survivin down-regulation significantly enhanced its induction of apoptosis. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Ourstudy suggests that down-regulation of survivin by siRNA can trigger apoptosis and overcome drug resistanceof leukemia cells. Therefore, survivin siRNA may be an effective adjuvant in AML chemotherapy
Survivin,siRNA,Etoposide,HL-60,Apoptosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28535.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28535_cda428166d3d235f9b925d5190279797.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Policy Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Public Places in the Republic of Korea: Evidence from PM2.5 levels and Air Nicotine Concentrations
7725
7730
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: The purpose of this study was to evaluate secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure inside selectedpublic places to provide basic data for the development and promotion of smoke-free policies. <br/><b>Methods</b>: BetweenMarch and May 2009, an SHS exposure survey was conducted. PM2.5 levels and air nicotine concentrations weremeasured in hospitals (n=5), government buildings (4), restaurants (10) and entertainment venues (10) in Seoul,Republic of Korea, using a common protocol. Field researchers completed an observational questionnaire todocument evidence of active smoking (the smell of cigarette smoke, presence of cigarette butts and witnessingpeople smoking) and administered a questionnaire regarding building characteristics and smoking policy.<br/><b>Results</b>: Indoor PM2.5 levels and air nicotine concentrations were relatively higher in monitoring sites wheresmoking is not prohibited by law. Entertainment venues had the highest values of PM2.5(μg/m3) and air nicotineconcentration(μg/m3), which were 7.6 and 67.9 fold higher than those of hospitals, respectively, where the valueswere the lowest. When evidence of active smoking was present, the mean PM2.5 level was 104.9 μg/m3, i.e., morethan 4-fold the level determined by the World Health Organization for 24-hr exposure (25 μg/m3). Mean indoorair nicotine concentration at monitoring sites with evidence of active smoking was 59-fold higher than at siteswithout this evidence (2.94 μg/m3 vs. 0.05 μg/m3). The results were similar at all specific monitoring sites exceptrestaurants, where mean indoor PM2.5 levels did not differ at sites with and without active smoking evidence andindoor air nicotine concentrations were higher in sites without evidence of smoking. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Nicotine wasdetected in most of our monitoring sites, including those where smoking is prohibited by law, such as hospitals,demonstrating that enforcement and compliance with current smoke-free policies in Korea is not adequate toprotect against SHS exposure.
secondhand smoke,air nicotine,PM2.5,smoke free policy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28536.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28536_05c8e4eac16a0f8719ca5416a3205c4f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Comparison of Mammography in Combination with Breast Ultrasonography Versus Mammography Alone for Breast Cancer Screening in Asymptomatic Women
7731
7736
EN
Aim: To compare the agreement of screening breast mammography plus ultrasound and reviewedmammography alone in asymptomatic women. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: All breast imaging data were obtained forwomen who presented for routine medical checkup at National Cancer Institute (NCI), Thailand from January2010 to June 2013. A radiologist performed masked interpretations of selected mammographic images retrievedfrom the computer imaging database. Previous mammography, ultrasound reports and clinical data were blindedbefore film re-interpretation. Kappa values were calculated to assess the agreement between BIRADS assessmentcategory and BIRADS classification of density obtained from the mammography with ultrasound in imagingdatabase and reviewed mammography alone. <br/><b>Results</b>: Regarding BIRADS assessment category, concordancebetween the two interpretations were good. Observed agreement was 96.1%. There was moderate agreement inwhich the Kappa value was 0.58% (95%CI; 0.45, 0.87). The agreement of BI-RADS classification of density wassubstantial, with a Kappa value of 0.60 (95%CI; 0.54, 0.66). Different results were obtained when a subgroupof patients aged ≥60 years were analyzed. In women in this group, observed agreement was 97.6%. There wasalso substantial agreement in which the Kappa value was 0.74% (95%CI; 0.49, 0.98). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The presentstudy revealed that concordance between mammography plus ultrasound and reviewed mammography alonein asymptomatic women is good. However, there is just moderate agreement which can be enhanced if agetargetedbreast imaging is performed. Substantial agreement can be achieved in women aged ≥60. Adjunctivebreast ultrasound is less important in women in this group.
Mammography plus ultrasound,adjunctive breast ultrasound,supplement breast ultrasound
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28537.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28537_faffedd5a51345559c5c277c9b120602.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Clinicopathology Significance of p53 and p63 Expression in Indonesian Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinomas
7737
7741
EN
<b>Background:</b> Human papilloma virus infection is associated with genesis and malignant potential ofcervical cancer. E6 and E7 oncogens are known to bind to p53 and retinoblastoma gene products, abrogatingtheir functions as tumor suppressors, leading to an abnormal cell cycle machinery. Roles of the p53 homologp63 have also been postulated, E6 expression leading to TAp63b degradation allowing anchorage independentgrowth. Molecular studies correlated with clinicopathological factors are important to determine prognosis andtreatment strategies, but results have been controversial and need to be clarified. Aim: To investigate expressionof p53 and p63 in cervical squamous cell carcinomas in correlation with age, FIGO staging, morphology, andcancer cell proliferation. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Expression of p53 and p63 immunohistochemical staining in atotal of 56 paraffin-embedded tissues of cervical squamous cell carcinomas from Dr. Sardjito General HospitalIndonesia, was evaluated for correlation with clinicopathological parameters. The Mann-Whitney test was usedto compare the percentage of p53 and p63 expression with patient age, FIGO staging and morphology and tocompare mean p53 and p63 expression. The Spearman correlation test was applied to correlate p53 and p63expression with that of Ki-67. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. <br/><b>Results</b>: There weresignificant associations between p53 expression with age (p=0.019) and FIGO staging (p=0.026), but not withwith morphology or Ki-67 expression. There were no links between p63 expression and age, morphology, FIGOstaging or Ki-67. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This study indicated that p53 has a prognostic value in cervical squamous cellcarcinomas given the relation with FIGO staging.
p63,p53,Ki67,age,FIGO staging,morphology,Cervical squamous cell carcinoma
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28538.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28538_959b1110dc01a164463e1536c2a2e86d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
30 Years of Radiotherapy Service in Southern Thailand: Workload vs Resources
7743
7748
EN
<b>Background:</b> To study the pattern of patient load, personnel and equipment resources from 30-yearsexperience in Southern Thailand. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This retrospective study collected secondary datafrom the Division of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and the Songklanagarind Hospital Tumor Registrydatabase, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, during the period of 1982-2012. <br/><b>Results</b>: The numberof new patients who had radiation treatment gradually increased from 121 in 1982 to 2,178 in 2011. Shortagesof all kinds of personnel were demonstrated as compared to the recommendations, especially in radiotherapytechnicians. In 2011, Southern Thailand, with two radiotherapy centers, had 0.44 megavoltage radiotherapymachines (cobalt or linear accelerator) per million of population. This number is suboptimal, but could bemanaged cost-effectively by prolonging machine operating times during personnel shortages. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Thisstudy identified a discrepancy between workload and resources in one medical school radiotherapy center inSouthern Thailand. This information is crucial for future strategic planning both regionally and nationally.
cancer,radiotherapy,resources,Workload,Thailand
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28539.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28539_b803b8ad76c04b4862053d760c4b4faf.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Association of Nutritional Status with Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors
7749
7755
EN
Nutritional status and dietary intake play a significant role in the prognosis of breast cancer and may modifythe progression of disease. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of nutritional status on thequality of life of Iranian breast cancer survivors. Cross-sectional data were collected for 100 Iranian breastcancer survivors, aged 32 to 61 years, attending the oncology outpatient clinic at Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran.Nutritional status of subjects was assessed by anthropometric measurements, Patient-Generated SubjectiveGlobal Assessment (PG-SGA) and three non-consecutive 24-hour diet recalls. The European Organization ofResearch and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life form (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to assess quality of life.Ninety-four percent of the survivors were well-nourished, 6% were moderately malnourished or suspected ofbeing malnourished while none were severely malnourished. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 86%.Overall, participants had an inadequate intake of vitamin D, E, iron and magnesium according to dietaryreference intake (DRI) recommendations. Survivors with better nutritional status had better functioning scalesand experienced fewer clinical symptoms. It appears important to provide educational and nutritional screeningprograms to improve cancer survivor quality of life.
Breast cancer survivors,Nutritional Status,Quality of Life,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28540.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28540_ab8bed22d7ca9a6edc9de4c6a0495791.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Multi-Agent Systems: Effective Approach for Cancer Care Information Management
7757
7759
EN
Physicians, in order to study the causes of cancer, detect cancer earlier, prevent or determine the effectivenessof treatment, and specify the reasons for the treatment ineffectiveness, need to access accurate, comprehensive, andtimely cancer data. The cancer care environment has become more complex because of the need for coordinationand communication among health care professionals with different skills in a variety of roles and the existenceof large amounts of data with various formats. The goals of health care systems in such a complex environmentare correct health data management, providing appropriate information needs of users to enhance the integrityand quality of health care, timely access to accurate information and reducing medical errors. These roles innew systems with use of agents efficiently perform well. Because of the potential capability of agent systems tosolve complex and dynamic health problems, health care system, in order to gain full advantage of E- health,steps must be taken to make use of this technology. Multi-agent systems have effective roles in health servicequality improvement especially in telemedicine, emergency situations and management of chronic diseasessuch as cancer. In the design and implementation of agent based systems, planning items such as informationconfidentiality and privacy, architecture, communication standards, ethical and legal aspects, identificationopportunities and barriers should be considered. It should be noted that usage of agent systems only with atechnical view is associated with many problems such as lack of user acceptance. The aim of this commentary is tosurvey applications, opportunities and barriers of this new artificial intelligence tool for cancer care informationas an approach to improve cancer care management.
cancer care,multi agent system,Information Management
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28541.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28541_e27870db8a68c682aee42558668f9e92.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
Reasons for Variation in Sensitivity and Specificity of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) for the Detection of Pre-Cancer and Cancer Lesions of Uterine Cervix
7761
7762
EN
Alternative strategies such as visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid, are real time, economical and easilyimplemented methods for cervical cancer screening. However, variable sensitivity and specificity have beenobserved in various community based studies. The possible reasons could include variation in man power training,light source used for visualization, and preparation of diluted (4-5%) acetic acid and its storage. A standardizedprotocol for training, teaching material (easy to understand in the local language) for trainees, supervision andreinforcement by intermittent and supplementary training to check the quality of their observation, a standardprotocol for preparation dilute acetic acid and its storage and a standard good light source (equivalent to daylight) are needed to minimize the variation in sensitivity and specificity of VIA in community settings.
cancer screening,cervical cancer,VIA,sensitivity of VIA,VIA training
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28542.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28542_bfc22b95629540430b0495bb37c6858a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
14
12
2013
12
01
IL-33, an Important Biomarker in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer?
7763
7764
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28543.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28543_02235f0f31622c86f3b4856b3307ad58.pdf