West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Advances in the Early Detection of Lung Cancer using Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds: From Imaging to Sensors
4377
4384
EN
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1.37 million people died of lung cancer all around theworld in 2008, occupying the first place in all cancer-related deaths. However, this number might be decreasedif patients were detected earlier and treated appropriately. Unfortunately, traditional imaging techniques arenot sufficiently satisfactory for early detection of lung cancer because of limitations. As one alternative, breathvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) may reflect the biochemical status of the body and provide clues to somediseases including lung cancer at early stage. Early detection of lung cancer based on breath analysis is becomingmore and more valued because it is non-invasive, sensitive, inexpensive and simple. In this review article, weanalyze the limitations of traditional imaging techniques in the early detection of lung cancer, illustrate possiblemechanisms of the production of VOCs in cancerous cells, present evidence that supports the detection of suchdisease using breath analysis, and summarize the advances in the study of E-noses based on gas sensitive sensors.In conclusion, the analysis of breath VOCs is a better choice for the early detection of lung cancer compared toimaging techniques. We recommend a more comprehensive technique that integrates the analysis of VOCs andnon-VOCs in breath. In addition, VOCs in urine may also be a trend in research on the early detection of lungcancer.
Lung cancer,Volatile organic compounds,early detection,electronic nose,Sensor
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29254.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29254_1b95632f4889a623450df46069de1b56.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Medicinal Plants Combating Against Cancer - a Green Anticancer Approach
4385
4394
EN
Cancer is the most deadly disease that causes the serious health problems, physical disabilities, mortalities,and morbidities around the world. It is the second leading cause of death all over the world. Although greatadvancement have been made in the treatment of cancer progression, still significant deficiencies and room forimprovement remain. Chemotherapy produced a number of undesired and toxic side effects. Natural therapies,such as the use of plant-derived products in the treatment of cancer, may reduce adverse and toxic side effects.However, many plants exist that have shown very promising anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo but theiractive anticancer principle have yet to be evaluated. Combined efforts of botanist, pharmacologist and chemistsare required to find new lead anticancer constituent to fight disease. This review will help researchers in thefinding of new bioactive molecules as it will focus on various plants evaluated for anticancer properties in vitroand in vivo.
anticancer activity,anticancer agents,cancer,medicinal plants
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29255.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29255_5aea359ba0421b89c9419048ae1d5ddf.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Endpoint of Cancer Treatment: Targeted Therapies
4395
4403
EN
Nowadays there are several limitations in cancer treatment. One of these is the use of conventional medicineswhich not only target cancer cells and thus also cause high toxicity precluding effective treatment. Recentelucidation of mechanisms that cause cancer has led to discovery of novel key molecules and pathways whichhave have become successful targets for the treatments that eliminate only cancer cells. These so-called targetedtherapies offer new hope for millions of cancer patients, as briefly reveiwed here focusing on different types ofagents, like PARP, CDK, tyrosine kinase, farnysyl transferase and proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal antibodiesand antiangiogenic agents.
cancer,cytotoxic chemotherapy,targeted therapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29256.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29256_be57e5fda930c266153b0431557975bc.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Disease and Cancer: A Review
4405
4409
EN
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), highly reactive molecules, are produced by living organisms as a result ofnormal cellular metabolism and environmental factors, and can damage nucleic acids and proteins, therebyaltering their functions. The human body has several mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress by producingantioxidants. A shift in the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of oxidants is termed as “oxidativestress”. Paradoxically, there is a large body of research demonstrating the general effect of oxidative stress onsignaling pathways, less is known about the initial and direct regulation of signaling molecules by ROS, orwhat we term the “oxidative interface.” This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which ROSdirectly interact with critical signaling molecules to initiate signaling in a broad variety of cellular processes,such as proliferation and survival (MAP kinases and PI3 kinase), ROS homeostasis, and antioxidant generegulation (Ref-1 and Nrf-2). This review also deals with classification as well as mechanisms of formation offree radicals, examining their beneficial and deleterious effects on cellular activities and focusing on the potentialrole of antioxidants in preventing and repairing damage caused by oxidative stress. A discussion of the role ofphytochemical antioxidants in oxidative stress, disease and the epigenome is included.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS),DNA,Proteins,MAPK,PI3K,antioxidants,phytochemicals
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29257.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29257_471daccbd9b805fc496a045dd1056835.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Disease Knowledge of Breast Cancer in Pakistan
4411
4416
EN
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females all over the world with approximately one million newcases each year as well as one of second leading causes of death among females. In Pakistan, the most frequentlydiagnosed cancer among females is also breast cancer, accounting for nearly one in nine female patients. Itsincidence in Pakistan is 2.5 times higher than that in neighboring countries like Iran and India. The risk factorsassociated with breast cancer are age, family history, early menarche, intake of combined estrogen and progestinmenopausal hormones, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, low socioeconomic status and lack of awarenessregarding the disease. This mini-review article aims to provide awareness about breast cancer as well as anupdated knowledge about the prevalence, risk factors and disease knowledge of breast cancer in Pakistan.
breast cancer,Incidence,Prevalence,risk factors,Pakistan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29258.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29258_3d54f26c11166d18e657f482bf0210f9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Association Between ERCC2 Polymorphisms and Glioma Risk: a Meta-analysis
4417
4422
EN
ERCC2 is an essential component of the nucleotide excision repair pathway which is involved in the effectivemaintenance of genome integrity. Association studies on ERCC2 polymorphisms and glioma risk have yieldedinconclusive results. This meta-analysis was performed to gain a better insight into the relationship betweenERCC2 polymorphisms and glioma risk. A systematic literature search updated to December 2, 2013 wasperformed in the Pubmed and EMBASE databases. Crude pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to estimate the association between ERCC2 polymorphisms andglioma risk under a suitable effect model according to heterogeneity. All analyses were performed using ReviewManager 5 (version 5.2) and STATA (version 12.0). The combined results demonstrated rs13181 to be significantlyassociated with glioma risk (G allele versus T allele: OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.05–1.26, P=0.002; dominant model:OR=1.22, 95% CI=1.07–1.39, P=0.002; recessive model: OR=1.18, 95% CI=0.98–1.41, P=0.070). We also foundthat rs13181 acts in an allele dose–dependent manner (GG versus TT: OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.07–1.57, P=0.009;TG versus TT: OR=1.20, 95%=CI 1.05–1.37, P=0.009; trend test, P=0.004). However, no evidence was found inanalyses for the association between other 3 ERCC2 polymorphisms (rs238406, rs1799793, and rs1052555) andsusceptibility to glioma development. Our meta-analysis suggests that rs13181 is significantly associated withglioma risk in an allele dose–dependent manner, whereas, 3 other ERCC2 polymorphisms (rs238406, rs1799793,and rs1052555) may have no influence.
ERCC2,Polymorphism,Glioma,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29259.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29259_6eebbd77b2ad06f7c1986743074809b6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
A Novel Monoclonal Antibody Induces Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Enhances the Activity of Chemotherapeutic Drugs
4423
4428
EN
A novel monoclonal antibody (mAb), known as AC10364, was identified from an antibody library generatedby immunization of mice with human carcinoma cells. The mAb recognized proteins in lysates from multiplecarcinoma cell lines. Cell cytotoxicity assays showed that AC10364 significantly inhibited cell growth and inducedapoptosis in multiple carcinoma cell lines, including Bel/fu, KATO-III and A2780. Compared with mAb AC10364or chemotherapeutic drugs alone, the combination of mAb AC10364 with chemotherapeutic drugs demonstratedenhanced growth inhibitory effects on carcinoma cells. These results suggest that mAb AC10364 is a promisingcandidate for cancer therapy.
Monoclonal antibody,Chemotherapy,cancer,Apoptosis,drug synergy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29260.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29260_bba12ee29c6af831fb1cc9ba9fb33d41.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Association between Vegetable, Fruit and Carbohydrate Intake and Breast Cancer Risk in Relation to Physical Activity
4429
4436
EN
<b>Background:</b> Although the nutritional may exert effect on the breast cancer risk, it is not clear whetherthe role diet is the same in sedentary and physically active women. The aim of this study was to evaluate theassociation between fruit, vegetable and carbohydrate intake and the risk of breast cancer among Polish womenconsidering their physical activity level. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A case-control study was conducted that included858 women with histological confirmed breast cancer and 1,085 controls, free of any cancer diagnosis, aged28-78 years. The study was based on a self-administered questionnaire to ascertain physical activity, dietaryintake, sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive factors, family history of breast cancer, current weightand high, and other lifestyle factors. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimatedin unconditional logistic regression analyses including a broad range of potential confounders. <br/><b>Results</b>: Withcomparison of the highest vs lowest quartile of intake, strong significant associations were observed for totalvegetables (OR=0.37, 95%CI=0.20-0.69 P for trend <0.01 and OR=0.53, 95%CI=0.29-0.96, P for trend <0.02),and total fruits (OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.25-0.87, P for trend <0.05 and OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.24-0.90, P for trend<0.02) among women characterized by the lowest and the highest quartile of physical activity. No associationswere observed for total carbohydrate intake. Additional analysis showed a positive association for sweets anddesert intake among women in the lowest quartile of physical activity (OR=3.49, 95%CI=1.67-7.30, P for trend<0.009) for extreme quartiles of intake comparing to the referent group. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results suggest thata higher consumption of vegetable and fruit may be associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer, especiallyamong women who were low or most physically active throughout their lifetimes. These findings do not supportan association between diet high in carbohydrate and breast cancer. However, a higher intake of sweets anddeserts may by associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among women who were less physically active.
breast cancer,Diet,physical activity,Case-control study
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29261.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29261_b9fcea6359482c8e7e2def3d72e8e3cb.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Lack of Influence of the SMAD7 Gene rs2337107 Polymorphism on Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population
4437
4441
EN
SMAD7 has been identified as a functional candidate gene for colorectal cancer (CRC). SMAD7 protein isa known antagonist of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-b) signaling pathway which is involved intumorigenesis. Polymorphisms in SMAD7 may thus alter cancer risk. The aim of this study was to investigatethe influence of a SMAD7 gene polymorphism (rs2337107) on risk of CRC and clinicopathological featuresin an Iranian population. In total, 210 subjects including 105 patients with colorectal cancer and 105 healthycontrols were recruited in our study. All samples were genotyped by TaqMan assay via an ABI 7500 Real TimePCR System (Applied Biosystems) with DNA from peripheral blood. The polymorphism was statisticallyanalyzed to investigate the relationship with the risk of colorectal cancer and clinicopathological properties.Logistic regression analysis revealed that there was no significant association between rs2337107and the risk ofcolorectal cancer. In addition, no significant association between genotypes and clinicopathological features wasobserved (p value>0.05). Although there was not any association between genotypes and disorder, CT was themost common genotype in this population. This genotype prevalence was also higher in the patients with wellgrade (54.9%) and colon (72.0%) tumors. Our results provide the first evidence that this polymorphism is not apotential contributor to the risk of colorectal cancer and clinicopathological features in an Iranian population,and suggests the need of a large-scale case-control study to validate our results.
colorectal cancer,Smad7,TNM stage,Single nucleotide polymorphism
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29262.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29262_eb8d522dc0481122af9ae710c0599343.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
An Updated Meta-analysis on the Association of X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing Group 1 Codon 399 Polymorphism with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk
4443
4448
EN
<b>Background:</b> A number of studies have reported the association of X-ray repair cross-complementing group1 (XRCC1) Arg399Gln polymorphism with susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, theresults were inconsistent and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to comprehensively explore the associationof XRCC1 Arg399Gln variant with HCC risk. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Systematic searches of PubMed, Elsevier,Science Direct, CNKI and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were performed. Pooled odds ratio (OR)with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated to estimate the strength of association. <br/><b>Results</b>: Overall,we observed an increased HCC risk among subjects carrying XRCC1 codon 399 Gln/Gln, Arg/Gln and Gln/Gln+Arg/Gln genotypes (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.05-1.38, OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.05-1.28, and OR=1.14, 95%CI:1.04-1.24, respectively) based on 20 studies including 3374 cases and 4633 controls. In subgroup analysis, weobserved an increased risk of XRCC1 codon 399 Gln/Gln, Arg/Gln and Gln/Gln+Arg/Gln polymorphisms forHCC in hospital-based study (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.03-1.51, OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.07-1.36 and OR=1.18, 95%CI:1.06-1.31, respectively) and in Asian population (OR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.03-1.38, OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.04-1.30 andOR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.04-1.25, respectively). Limiting the analysis to the studies with controls in agreement withHardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), we observed an increased HCC risk among Gln/Gln, Arg/Gln and Gln/Gln+Arg/Gln genotype carriers (OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.05-1.29, OR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.00-1.25 and OR=1.11, 95%CI:1.02-1.21, respectively). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This updated meta-analysis results suggest that XRCC1 Arg399Gln variantsmay contribute to HCC risk. Well-designed studies with larger sample size were required to further verify ourfindings.
Hepatocellular carcinoma,XRCC1,Genetic polymorphism,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29263.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29263_98a117ba0a3c35c2c5830d33b3614dc3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Helicobacter pylori and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: a Metaanalysis Based on 2,049 Cases and 2,861 Controls
4449
4454
EN
Aim: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been considered as a risk factor for many cancers. We conducted thismeta-analysis to clarify the association between H. pylori infection and the risk of pancreatic cancer. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Wesearched the Medicine/Pubmed and Embase databases, studies about the association between H. pylori infectionand pancreatic cancer published up to Jan.2014 were included. Finally, a total of 9 studies were used for this ameta-analysis. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of H. pylori infection on pancreaticcancer with respect to control groups were evaluated. Two authors independently assessed the methodologicalquality and extracted data. This meta-analysis was conducted using software, state (version 12.0) to investigateheterogeneity among individual studies and to summarize the studies. Using the fixed-effects or random-effectsmodel, depending on the absence or presence of significant heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed toassess the influence of each individual study on the pooled ORs by omitting a single study each time. Publicationbias was evaluated by funnel plot, using Egger’s and Begg’s tests. <br/><b>Results</b>: There was no significant associationbetween H. pylori infection and pancreatic cancer risk in the summary ORs,(OR=1.06, 95%CI: 0.74-1.37)through the random-effect method, but heterogeneity among studies was significant (I2=58.9%), so we putthe studies into two subgraphs (eastern and western). The results about western (OR=1.14 95%CI:0.89, 1.40)showed heterogeneity among the western countries of I2=6.6%, with no significant association between Hp+and pancreatic cancer, but the eastern countries (OR=0.62, 95%CI:0.49, 0.76), I2=0, suggested that decreasingpancreas-cancer risk in subjects with Hp+ infection. Simultaneously, 7 studies examined CagA+ strains was(OR=0.84 95%CI:0.63, 1.04), I2=36% with the random-effect method, subgraphs indicated that CagA+ coulddecrease the risk of pancreatic cancer in the eastern subjects (OR=0.66, 95%CI:0.52-0.80), but the associationwas not statistically significant in the western subjects (OR=0.95, 95%CI:0.73, 1.16). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Hp+ andCagA+ infection are associated with a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer in eastern populations but have nosignificant associations in western countries.
Helicobacter pylori,Pancreatic cancer,risk,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29264.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29264_8965b574a49ccf2e1f0583a3c2ae71ad.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Evaluation of Gene Expression Changes of Serotonin Receptors, 5-HT3AR and 5-HT2AR as Main Stress Factors in Breast Cancer Patients
4455
4458
EN
Breast cancer is a serious and potentially lethal multi-factor disease among 40-50 aged women in bothdeveloped and developing countries. Also, various studies have pointed to roles of neurotransmitters like serotoninin development of cancers, through action on various types of receptors. This study was conducted to evaluateserotonin receptor (5HT2AR and 5HT3AR) genes expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)of breast cancer patients in comparison with the healthy people and in the MCF7 cell line. Peripheral bloodsamples were obtained from 30 patients and 30 healthy individuals. Total RNA was extracted from PBMCs andMCF-7 cells. and 5HT2AR and 5HT3AR were detected by RT-PCR techniques. Finally, serotonin receptor geneexpression variation in breast cancer patients and MCF-7 cells were determined by real time-PCR. This latterindicated significant promotion in expression of 5HT3AR and 5HT2AR in PBMCs in breast cancer patientsbut expression of 5HT2AR in the MCF-7 cell line was significantly decreased. In conclusion, after performingcomplimentary tests, determine of gene expression changes in serotonin receptors (5HT2AR and 5HT3AR) maybe useful as a new approach in treatment of breast cancer based on use of antagonists.
breast cancer,serotonin receptors,Gene expression,real time-PCR
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29265.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29265_7b75f08997f62779d69da3f79e942732.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Prevalence and Risk Factors of H. pylori from Dyspeptic Patients in Northwest Ethiopia: A Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study
4459
4463
EN
<b>Background:</b> Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and infectionwith H. pylori is considered essential for its development. Helicobacter pylori infects more than 50% of theworld’s population with higher prevalence in developing countries than developed countries. The prevalence ofH. pylori varies in different societies and geographical locations. The objectives of this study were to estimate theseroprevalence and determine the risk factors of H. pylori infection in dyspeptic patents in Ethiopia. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: A cross-sectional study involving 209 dyspeptic patients was carried out from February 15 to April30, 2013. Five to ten ml venous blood was collected from each dyspeptic patient and analyzed for detection ofHelicobacter pylori immunoglobulin (IgG). The socio-demographic characteristic, hygienic practices, alcoholconsumption, sources of drinking water and types of latrine were also obtained with a pre-tested questionnaire.<br/><b>Results</b>: The overall seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 72.2%. There was statistically significant differencein the prevalence of H. pylori among age groups (p=0.02). Seroprevalence of H. pylori was higher in those patientswho used unprotected surface water (76.4%) than those with access to piped tap water (65.9%). There was alsostatistically significant differences in prevalence of H. pylori with the habit of hand washing before meal (p=0.01)and alcohol consumption (p=0.001). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The prevalence of H. pylori was high in the study area andincreased with age of dyspeptic patients. Alcohol consumption and the type of drinking water are risk factorsthat have associations with the prevalence of H. pylori. Molecular epidemiological techniques can show a truepicture of H. pylori and improvement in the drinking water quality is recommended.
H. pylori,Prevalence,risk factors,Ethiopia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29266.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29266_111eded4b44472df020b2c85c141e284.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Concordance in Cervical HPV Detection between Hybrid Capture 2 and HPV GenoArray Tests
4465
4466
EN
HPV type-specific detection may promote cervical screening program and vaccination developmentworldwide. We conduct a study comparing HPV Hybrid capture II (HC II) Test and Hybribio GenoArray test,a newly developed HPV type-specific assay, in patients with cervical epithelial neoplasm. Results showed agood concordance in cervical HPV detection between two tests (kappa value 0.80, p<0.05, McNemar test). Ourstudy may promote utilization of type-specific HPV detection that is helpful for cervical cancer screening andvaccination.
human papillomavirus,cervical cancer,hybrid capture
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29267.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29267_765d3982f0e839fa6fa87a3dd9a602c4.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Aberrant Methylation of Genes in Sputum Samples as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Meta-analysis
4467
4474
EN
<b>Background:</b> We aimed to comprehensively review the evidence for using sputum DNA to detect non-small celllung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We searched PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, ChineseBiological Medicine (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Vip Databasesand Google Scholar from 2003 to 2013. The meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effect model withsensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odd ratios (DOR), summary receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCcurves), area under the curve (AUC), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as effect measurements. <br/><b>Results</b>: Therewere twenty-two studies meeting the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Combined sensitivity and specificitywere 0.62 (95%CI: 0.59-0.65) and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.70-0.75), respectively. The DOR was 10.3 (95%CI: 5.88-18.1)and the AUC was 0.78. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The overall accuracy of the test was currently not strong enough for thedetection of NSCLC for clinical application. Dscovery and evaluation of additional biomarkers with improvedsensitivity and specificity from studies rated high quality deserve further attention.
NSCLC,methylation,sputum,Diagnostic,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29268.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29268_96207a0af4dd588b38cfc330ca0adb50.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Bag-1L is a Stress-withstand Molecule Prevents the Downregulation of Mcl-1 and c-Raf Under Control of Heat Shock Proteins in Cisplatin Treated HeLa Cervix Cancer Cells
4475
4482
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cisplatin, a DNA damaging agent, induces apoptosis through increasing DNA fragmentation.However, identification of intrinsic resistance molecules against Cisplatin is vital to estimate the success of therapy.Bag-1 (Bcl-2-associated anthanogene) is one anti-apoptotic protein involved in drug resistance impacting ontherapeutic efficiency. Elevated levels of this protein are related with increase cell proliferation rates, motilityand also cancer development. For this reason, we aimed to understand the role of Bag-1 expression in Cisplatininducedapoptosis in HeLa cervix cancer cells. Cisplatin decreased cell viability in time- and dose-dependentmanner in wt and Bag-1L+HeLa cells. Although, 10μM Cisplatin treatment induced cell death within 24h byactivating caspases in wt cells, Bag-1L stable transfection protected cells against Cisplatin treatment. To assess thepotential protective role of Bag-1, we first checked the expression profile of interacting anti-apoptotic partners ofBag-1. We found that forced Bag-1L expression prevented Cisplatin-induced apoptosis through acting on Mcl-1expression, which was reduced after Cisplatin treatment in wt HeLa cells. This mechanism was also supportedby the regulation of heat shock protein (Hsp) family members, Hsp90 and Hsp40, which were involved in theregulation Bag-1 interactome including several anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and c-Raf.
BAG-1,Hsp family,cervical cancer,Apoptosis,Drug resistance
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29269.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29269_09b50303ac09044df148a9e175f2223e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Chemoradiation Related Acute Morbidity in Carcinoma Cervix and Correlation with Hematologic Toxicity: A South Indian Prospective Study
4483
4486
EN
Purpose: To assess chemoradiation related acute morbidity in women with carcinoma cervix and to findand correlation between hematologic toxicity and organ system specific damage. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Aprospective study was carried out between August 2012 and July 2013 enrolling 79 women with cancer cervixreceiving chemo-radiotherapy. Weekly assessment of acute morbidity was done using the National CancerInstitute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) version 4 and the toxicities weregraded. <br/><b>Results</b>: Anemia [77 (97.5%)], vomiting [75 (94.8%)] and diarrhea [72 (91.1%)], leukopenia [11(13.9%)], cystitis [28 (35.4%], dermatitis [19 (24.1%)] and fatigue [29 (36.71%)] were the acute toxicities noted.The toxicities were most severe in 3rd and 5th week. All women could complete radiotherapy except two due tocauses unrelated to radiation morbidity; seven (8.86%) had to discontinue chemotherapy due to leukopenia andintractable diarrhea. Though there was no correlation between anemia and other toxicities, it was found that allwith leukopenia had diarrhea. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Chemoradiation for cancer cervix is on the whole well tolerated.Leukopenia and severe diarrhea were the acute toxicities that compelled discontinuation of chemotherapy intwo women. Though anemia had no correlation with gastrointestinal toxicity, all of those with leukopenia haddiarrhea.
Cancer Cervix,Chemoradiation,Acute toxicity,Hematologic Toxicity,leucopenia,Anemia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29270.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29270_e5652e8ccb182b7af9d67a6574f7aba8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Clinical Manifestations and Imaging Characteristics of Gliomatosis Cerebri with Pathological Confirmation
4487
4491
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To explore the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of gliomatosis cerebri to raisethe awareness and improve its diagnostic accuracy for patients. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Clinical data, imagingcharacteristics and pathological examination of 12 patients with GC from Jan., 2008 to Jan., 2012 were analyzedretrospectively. <br/><b>Results</b>: Patients with GC were clinically manifested with headache, vomiting, repeated seizures,fatigue and unstable walking, most of whom had more than 2 lesions involving in parietal lobe, followed bytemporal lobe, frontal lobe, periventricular white matter and corpus callosum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)showed diffuse distribution, T1-weighted images (T1WI) with equal and low signals and T2-weighted images(T2WI) with bilateral symmetrical high diffuse signals. There was no reinforcement by enhancement scanningand signals were different in diffusion-weighted images (DWI). The higher the tumor staging, the stronger thesignals. Pathological examination showed neuroastrocytoma in which tumor tissues were manifested by infiltrativegrowth in blood vessels and around neurons. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In clinical diagnosis of GC, much attention should bepaid to the diffuse distribution of imaging characteristics, incomplete matching between clinical and imagingcharacteristics and confirmation by combining with histopathological examination.
Gliomatosis cerebri,Clinical Manifestation,imaging characteristics,pathological examination
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28468.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28468_34d168d4c8db8827fe218047ee6e675b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Comparison of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations between Primary Tumors and Lymph Nodes in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Review and Meta-analysis of Published Data
4493
4497
EN
<b>Background:</b> Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)can predict the clinical response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. However, EGFR mutations may bedifferent in primary tumors (PT) and metastatic lymph nodes (MLN). The aim of this study was to compareEGFR mutations between PT and the corresponding MLN in NSCLC patients, and provide some guidelinesfor clinical treatment using TKI therapy. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A systematic review and meta-analysis wasperformed with several research databases. Relative risk (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) wereused to investigate the EGFR mutation status between PT and the corresponding MLN. A random-effectsmodel was used. <br/><b>Results</b>: 9 publications involving 707 patients were included in the analysis. It was found thatactivation of EGFR mutations identified in PT and the corresponding MLN was 26.4% (187/707) and 19.9%(141/707), respectively. The overall discordance rate in our meta-analysis was 12.2% (86/707). The relative risk(RR) for EGFR mutation in PT relative to MLN was 1.33 (95%CI: 1.10-1.60; random-effects model). Therewas no significant heterogeneity between the studies (I2=5%, p=0.003). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: There exists a considerabledegree of EGFR mutation discrepancy in NSCLC between PT and corresponding MLN, suggesting that tumorheterogeneity might arise at the molecular level during the process of metastasis.
non-small cell lung cancer,EGFR,Mutation,lymph node,Metastasis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28469.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28469_d4cb99df000a78eb3d72fd56112f0d0e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Expression Profile of Genes Modulated by Aloe emodin in Human U87 Glioblastoma Cells
4499
4505
EN
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and malignant form of glioma, appears to be resistant to variouschemotherapeutic agents. Hence, approaches have been intensively investigated to targeti specific molecularpathways involved in glioblastoma development and progression. Aloe emodin is believed to modulate theexpression of several genes in cancer cells. We aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying thetherapeutic effect of Aloe emodin on gene expression profiles in the human U87 glioblastoma cell line utilizingmicroarray technology. The gene expression analysis revealed that a total of 8,226 gene alterations out of 28,869genes were detected after treatment with 58.6 μg/ml for 24 hours. Out of this total, 34 genes demonstratedstatistically significant change (p<0.05) ranging from 1.07 to 1.87 fold. The results revealed that 22 genes wereup-regulated and 12 genes were down-regulated in response to Aloe emodin treatment. These genes were thengrouped into several clusters based on their biological functions, revealing induction of expression of genesinvolved in apoptosis (programmed cell death) and tissue remodelling in U87 cells (p<0.01). Several genes withsignificant changes of the expression level e.g. SHARPIN, BCAP31, FIS1, RAC1 and TGM2 from the apoptoticcluster were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These results could serve as guidance forfurther studies in order to discover molecular targets for the cancer therapy based on Aloe emodin treatment.
Aloe emodin,microarray analysis,Gene expression,human glioblastoma cells
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28470.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28470_8488959b10a975e52094879b84599197.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Triple Negative Breast Cancer in People of North East India: Critical Insights Gained at a Regional Cancer Centre
4507
4511
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprising of distinct biological subtypes with manytargeted prognostic biomarkers having therapeutic implications. However, no specific targeted therapy fortriple negative breast cancer has been discovered to date and hence further research is needed. Aim: The aimand objectives of the present study were to examine the prevalence of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)in North-East India and to compare the clinicopathological parameters in two study groups defined byimmunohistochemistry (IHC) –“TNBC” and “Others”. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We carried out a retrospectivestudy in a cohort of 972 patients diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma in the Department of Pathology, Dr.B. Borooah Cancer Institute, a Regional Cancer Centre for treatment and research, Guwahati, for a period of 3years and 10 months from January 2010 to October 2013. Based on IHC findings, patients were divided into twogroups - “TNBC” and “Others”. All relevant clinicopathological parameters were compared in both. TNBC weredefined as those that were estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2/neu negative whilethose positive for any of these markers were defined as “Others”. <br/><b>Results</b>: In this study, out of total 972 cases31.9% (310 cases) were defined as TNBC and 662 cases (68.1%) as “Others” based on IHC markers. Comparedto the “Others” category, TNBC presented at an early age (mean 40 years), were associated with high gradelarge tumours and high rate of node positivity, IDC NOS being the most common histological subtype in TNBC.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: TNBC accounts for a significant portion of breast cancers in this part of India and commonlypresent at younger age and tend to be large high grade tumours.
triple negative breast cancer,breast cancer,immunohistochemistry,node positivity
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29271.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29271_d6123e42a7838047f45595b991a1507f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
BRCA1 Gene Exon 11 Mutations in Uighur and Han Women with Early-onset Sporadic Breast Cancer in the Northwest Region of China
4513
4518
EN
The prevalence of BRCA1 gene mutations in breast cancer differs between diverse ethnic groups. Relativelylittle information is known about patterns of BRCA1 mutations in early-onset breast cancer in women of Uighuror Han descent, the major ethnic populations of the Xinjiang region in China. The aim of this study was to identifyBRCA1 mutations in Uighur and Han patients with early-onset (age <35 years), and sporadic breast cancer forgenetic predisposition to breast cancer. For detection of BRCA1 mutations, we used a polymerase chain reactionsingle-stranded conformation polymorphism approach, followed by direct DNA sequencing in 22 Uighur and 13Han women with early-onset sporadic breast cancer, and 32 women with benign breast diseases. The prevalenceof BRCA1 mutations in this population was 22.9% (8/35) among early-onset sporadic breast cancer cases. Ofthese, 31.8% (7/22) of Uighur patients and 7.69% (1/13) of Han patients were found to have BRCA1 mutations.In 7 Uighur patients with BRCA1 mutations, there were 11 unique sequence alterations in the BRCA1 gene,including 4 clearly disease-associated mutations on exon 11 and 3 variants of uncertain clinical significance onexon 11, meanwhile 4 neutral variants on intron 20 or 2. None of the 11 BRCA1 mutations identified have beenpreviously reported in the Breast Cancer Information Core database. These findings reflect the prevalence ofBRCA1 mutations in Uighur women with early-onset and sporadic breast cancer, which will allow for provisionof appropriate genetic counseling and treatment for Uighur patients in the Xinjiang region.
Uighurs - ethnicity - BRCA1 mutation - early onset - sporadic breast cancer - Xinjiang,China
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29272.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29272_ff15f0c822245b9fede23bbdc803fa1a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
p38 MAPK Signaling Mediates Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Cancer Cells Induced by Oleanolic Acid
4519
4525
EN
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a nutritional component widely distributed in various vegetables. Although it has beenwell recognized for decades that OA exerts certain anti-tumor activity by inducing mitochondria-dependentapoptosis, it is still unclear that what molecular signaling is responsible for this effect. In this study, we employedcancer cell lines, A549, BXPC-3, PANC-1 and U2OS to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying OA antitumoractivity. We found that activation of MAPK pathways, including p-38 MAPK, JNK and ERK, was triggeredby OA in both a dose and time-dependent fashion in all the tested cancer cells. Activation was accompaniedby cleavage of caspases and PARP as well as cytochrome C release. SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), but notSP600125 (JNK inhibitor) and U0126 (ERK inhibitor), rescued the pro-apoptotic effect of OA on A549 and BXPC-3 cells. OA induced p38 MAPK activation promoted mitochondrial translocation of Bax and Bim, and inhibitedBcl-2 function by enhancing their phosphorylation. OA can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependentASK1 activation, and this event was indispensable for p38 MAPK-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells. In vivo,p38 MAPK knockdown A549 tumors proved resistant to the growth-inhibitory effect of OA. Collectively, weelucidated that activation of ROS/ASK1/p38 MAPK pathways is responsible for the apoptosis stimulated byOA in cancer cells. Our finding can contribute to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlyingthe antitumor activity of nutritional components.
oleanolic acid,Apoptosis,p38 MAPK,cancer,ROS
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29273.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29273_1134d32a200447c15985ff9872cc2fbc.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Effects of Cigarette Smoking across Three Generations and of Perceptions of the Smoking-Cancer Relationship on the Cigarette Smoking Status of Turkish University Students
4527
4533
EN
<b>Background:</b> This descriptive and cross-sectional study aimed to investigate effects of cigarette smokingacross three generations and perceptions of the smoking-cancer relationship on the cigarette smoking status ofTurkish university students. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The study sample comprised of 434 university studentsstudying in different departments of a university. Data were collected using a socio-demographic data collectionform and the Decisional Balance Scaleqand evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test, CHAID and multipleregression analyses. <br/><b>Results</b>: The average age of the students participating in the study is 19.6+.5.0, some 11.3%of the students reporting that they smoked cigarettes. No statistically significant relationship was ascertainedbetween the cigarette smoking statuses of the students based on the cigarette smoking status of their grandparents(p=0.144). but there was alink to that of their parents (p=0.002). The difference between the cigarette smokingratios of the students based on their perceptions of smoking-cancer relationship was statistically significant(p<0.001). Believing that there is a relationship between smoking and cancer decreased likelihood of cigarettesmoking 3.7 fold. Cigarette smoking by grandparents, and believing that there is a relationship between smokingand cancer, and cigarette smoking by parents explained 8.3% of the cigarette smoking status of the students.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: While cigarette smoking by grandparents only indirectly influences cigarette smoking by thestudents, believing that there is a relationship between smoking and cancer, and cigarette smoking by parentsare influential variables in determining cigarette smoking by Turkish students.
Parents,grand parents,smoking status,intergenerational transmission,Turkish university students
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29274.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29274_4fa664e99b7bab8113b6d5c052f373a0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Value of Porous Titanium Alloy Plates for Chest Wall Reconstruction after Resection of Chest Wall Tumors
4535
4538
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To explore the value of porous titanium alloy plates for chest wall reconstruction after resectionof chest wall tumors. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 8 patients with chest wall tumors admitted in ourhospital from Jan. 2006 to Jan. 2009 were selected and underwent tumor resection, then chest wall repair andreconstruction with porous titanium alloy plates for massive chest wall defects. <br/><b>Results</b>: All patients completedsurgery successfully with tumor resection-induced chest wall defects being 6.5×7 cm~12×15.5 cm in size. Twoweeks after chest wall reconstruction, only 1 patient had subcutaneous fluidify which healed itself after pressurebandaging following fluid drainage. Postoperative pathological reports showed 2 patients with costicartilagetumors, 1 with squamous cell carcinoma of lung, 1 with lung adeno-carcinoma, 1 with malignant lymphoma ofchest wall, 2 with chest wall metastasis of breast cancers and 1 with chest wall neurofibrosarcoma. All patientshad more than 2~5 years of follow-up, during which time 1 patient with breast cancer had surgical treatmentdue to local recurrence after 7 months and none had chest wall reconstruction associated complications. Themean survival time of patients with malignant tumors was (37.3±5.67) months. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Porous titaniumalloy plates are safe and effective in the chest wall reconstruction after resection of chest tumors.
Chest wall tumor,chest wall defect,porous titanium alloy plate,chest wall reconstruction
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29275.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29275_6cca9ecfbd8713443c79687d3bf50525.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Aberrant Epigenetic Alteration in Eca9706 Cells Modulated by Nanoliposomal Quercetin Combined with Butyrate Mediated via Epigenetic-NF-κB Signaling
4539
4543
EN
Since the epigenetic alteration in tumor cells can be reversed by the dietary polyphenol quercetin (Q) orbutyrate (B) with chemopreventive activity, suggesting that Q or B can be used for chemopreventive as well astherapeutic agent against tumors. In this study the polyphenol flavonoid quercetin (Q) or sodium butyrate (B)suppressed human esophageal 9706 cancer cell growth in dose dependent manner, and Q combined with B (Q+B)could further inhibit Eca9706 cell proliferation than that induced by Q or B alone, compared with untreatedcontrol group (C) in MTT assay. The reverse expressions of global DNMT1, NF-κBp65, HDAC1 and Cyclin D1were down-regulated, while expressions of caspase-3 and p16INK4α were up-regulated, compared with the Cgroup in immunoblotting; the down-regulated HDAC1-IR (-immunoreactivity) with nuclear translocation, andup-regulated E-cadherin-IR demonstrated in immunocytochemistry treated by Q or B, and Q+B also displayedfurther negatively and positively modulated effects compared with C group. The order of methylation specific(MS) PCR of p16INK4α: C>B/Q>Q+B group, while the order of E-cadherin expression level was contrary,Q+B>Q/B>C group. Thus, Q/B, especially Q+B display reverse effect targeting both altered DNA methylationand histone acetylation, acting as histone deacetylase inhibitor mediated via epigenetic-NF-κB cascade signaling.
Reversible epigenetic modulation,Quercetin,butyrate,epigenetic-NF-κB signaling,eca9706 cell line
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29276.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29276_747b12f2e004b7baa35c65cf51e9e561.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Clinical Significance of Joint Detection of Serum VEGF, SIL-2R and HGF in Patients with Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma before and after Percutaneous Microwave Coagulation Therapy
4545
4548
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To investigate the changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), solubleinterleukin-2 receptor (SIL-2R) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) contents in patients with primaryhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before and after percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) anddetermine their clinical significance. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Fasting venous blood (3 mL) from 81 patientswith primary HCC diagnosed by pathology was collected in the mornings 1 day before PMCT, and 1 day, 7days and 1 month after PMCT, and then the serum was separated and stored in -70℃. The contents of VEGF,SIL-2R and HGF were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). <br/><b>Results</b>: The serum VEGF,SIL–2R and HGF contents in 81 patients with primary HCC had obviously dynamic changes before and afterPMCT. By comparison to 1 day after PMCT with pre-operation, there was no statistical significance regardingVEGF and SIL–2R contents (P>0.05), but HGF content showed significant difference (P<0.01). Compared withpre-operation, VEGF, SIL-2R and HGF contents 7 days and 1 month after PMCT all manifested significantdifferences (P<0.01). By comparison to 7 days with 1 month after PMCT, there was no statistical significanceregarding the VEGF content (P>0.05), whereas SIL-2R and HGF contents showed significant change (P<0.01).<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The contents of serum VEGF, SIL-2R and HGF have obviously dynamic changes in primary HCCbefore and after PMCT, and their joint detection is expected to be an effective hematologic evaluation index ofPMCT for primary HCC.
Primary HCC,percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy,VEGF,IL-2 receptor,HGF
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29277.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29277_8c55e5ee8f3a1088c1ac32d6e4f32253.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Meropenem Versus Piperacillin-Tazobactam as Empiric Therapy for Febrile Neutropenia in Pediatric Oncology Patients
4549
4553
EN
<b>Background:</b> Infection is a serious cause of mortality in febrile neutropenia of pediatric cancer patients.Recently, monotherapy has replaced the combination therapy in empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia.Since there has been no reported trial comparing the efficacy of meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam (PIP/TAZ) monotherapies, the present retrospective study was conducted to compare safety and efficacy in febrileneutropenic children with cancer. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Charts of febrile, neutropenic children hospitalizedat our center between March 2008 and April 2011 for hemato-oncological malignancies were reviewed. Patientsreceived PIP/TAZ 360 mg/kg/day or meropenem 60 mg/kg/day intravenously in three divided doses. Durationof fever and neutropenia, absolute neutrophil count, modification, and success rate were compared between thetwo groups. Resolution of fever without antibiotic change was defined as success and resolution of fever withantibiotic change or death of a patient was defined as failure. Modification was defined as changing the empiricalantimicrobial agent during a febrile episode. <br/><b>Results</b>: Two hundred eighty four febrile neutropenic episodes weredocumented in 136 patients with a median age of 5 years. In 198 episodes meropenem and in 86 episodes PIP/TAZ were used. Duration of fever and neutropenia, neutrophil count, sex, and primary disease were not differentbetween two groups. Success rates and modification rate between two groups showed no significant differences(p>0.05). Overall success rate in the meropenem and PIP/TAZ groups were 92.4% and 91.9% respectively. Noserious adverse effects occurred in either of the groups. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Meropenem and PIP/TAZ monotherapyare equally safe and effective in the initial treatment of febrile neutropenia in children with cancer.
Pediatric febrile neutropenia,Meropenem,Piperacillin-tazobactam,Childhood cancer,monotherapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29278.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29278_75dc81644f6a98a15230356116f9b8ca.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Silencing of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 due to Methylation Results in Phosphorylation of STAT3 in Imatinib Resistant BCR-ABL Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells
4555
4561
EN
<b>Background:</b> Silencing due to methylation of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), a negative regulatorgene for the JAK/STAT signaling pathway has been reported to play important roles in leukemogenesis. Imatinibmesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that specifically targets the BCR-ABL protein and induces hematologicalremission in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Unfortunately, the majority of CML patientstreated with imatinib develop resistance under prolonged therapy. We here investigated the methylation profileof SOCS-3 gene and its downstream effects in a BCR-ABL positive CML cells resistant to imatinib. Materials and<br/><b>Methods</b>: BCR-ABL positive CML cells resistant to imatinib (K562-R) were developed by overexposure of K562cell lines to the drug. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTS assays and IC50 values calculated. Apoptosis assayswere performed using annexin V-FITC binding assays and analyzed by flow cytometry. Methylation profileswere investigated using methylation specific PCR and sequencing analysis of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 genes. Geneexpression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, and protein expression and phosphorylation of STAT1,2 and 3 were examined by Western blotting. <br/><b>Results</b>: The IC50 for imatinib on K562 was 362nM compared to3,952nM for K562-R (p=0.001). Percentage of apoptotic cells in K562 increased upto 50% by increasing theconcentration of imatinib, in contrast to only 20% in K562-R (p<0.001). A change from non-methylation ofthe SOCS-3 gene in K562 to complete methylation in K562-R was observed. Gene expression revealed downregulationof both SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 genes in resistant cells. STAT3 was phosphorylated in K562-R but notK562. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Development of cells resistant to imatinib is feasible by overexposure of the drug to the cells.Activation of STAT3 protein leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation in imatinib resistant BCR-ABL due to DNAmethylation of the SOCS-3 gene. Thus SOCS-3 provides a suitable candidate for mechanisms underlying thedevelopment of imatinib resistant in CML patients.
methylation,SOCS-3,STAT3,imatinib,BCR-ABL,K562
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29279.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29279_7f38453f4bc0acae0ae1df474f86713e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Cyclooxygenase-2 Promoter 765C Increase of Digestive Tract Cancer Risk in the Chinese Population: a Meta-analysis
4563
4566
EN
<b>Background:</b> To evaluate relationship between the cyclooxygenase-2 promoter 765G/C polymorphism anddigestive cancer risk in China. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A literature search through February 2014 was performedusing PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) databases, and a meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.2 software for odds ratios and 95%CIs.<br/><b>Results</b>: In total, 9 articles with 3,263 cases and 4,858 controls were included in this meta-analysis.The pooled OR(95%CIs) in the co-dominant model (GC vs GG) was 1.56 [1.19, 2.06], and in the dominant model ((CC+GC) vsGG), the pooled OR was 1.59 [1.21, 2.09] in overall cancers. In the subgroup analysis, stratified by cancer type,significant associations were found that the-765C allele had increased pancreatic cancer and gastric risk. Nosignificant liver cancer and colorectal cancer risk of COX-2 -765G/C polymorphism was found. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Thesefindings suggest that COX-2-765*C is related to cancer susceptibility and may increase gastric and pancreaticcancer risk.
Digestive tract cancer,Cyclooxygenase-2,Polymorphism,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29280.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29280_f2b717904e28c3e5e8c759aabb51e5e7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
A Systemic Analysis on Pemetrexed in Treating Patients with Breast Cancer
4567
4570
EN
<b>Background:</b> This systemic analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed basedchemotherapy in treating patients with metastatic breast cancer as first or second line chemotherapy. <br/><b>Methods</b>:Clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed based regimens on response and safety forpatients with breast cancer were identified using a predefined search strategy. Pooled response rate (RR) oftreatment were calculated. <br/><b>Results</b>: In first line pemetrexed based regimens, 10 clinical studies which including513 patients with advanced breast cancer were considered eligible for inclusion. For second line pemetrexedbased chemotherapy, 5 clinical studies which including 281 patients with advanced breast cancer were consideredeligible. Systemic analysis suggested that, in all patients, pooled RR was 32.6% (167/513) in pemetrexed basedfirst line regimens, and 13.9 % (39/281) in pemetrexed based second line regimens. Major adverse effects wereneutropenia, leukopenia, fatigue, and anemia in pemetrexed based first line treatment; and lymphopenia,neutropenia, leukopenia, as well as anemia in second line chemotherapy. One treatment related death occurredwith pemetrexed based second line treatment. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: This systemic analysis suggests that pemetrexedbased first line regimens are associated with a reasonable response rate and acceptable toxicity, however withlow response rate for treating patients with metastatic breast cancer when is used in the second line.
Pemetrexed,breast cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29281.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29281_5182804fe441cb42d0ad7abb0015db53.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Diabetes - Increased Risk for Cancers through Chromosomal Aberrations?
4571
4573
EN
Diabetes, a comprehensive genetic disease, is principally due to the deregulation of glucose levels in theblood. In addition to contemporary epidemiological studies, systematic substantiation suggests that long-termdiabetes leads to cancers due to a variety of reasons. In this study, blood samples were collected with informedconsent from confirmed type I diabetic (T1DM, n=25) and type II Diabetic patients (T2DM, n=25) with equalnumbers of controls. Further depending on the lifestyle habits they were subdivided into smokers/non-smokersand alcoholics/non-alcoholics. Chromosomal assays were performed for these cases and it was found that therewas a significant increase in chromosomal aberration frequency in diabetic patient groups who are exposed tosmoking and alcohol than that of normal diabetic groups (T1DM and T2DM). On the other hand, patient groupswho were non-smoking and non-alcoholics also showed higher chromosomal aberrations when compared to thatof controls. While the mechanisms for these increased chromosomal aberrations in diabetic groups are not clear,they may be due to increased oxidative stress leading to oxidative damage and resulting in genomic instability,which in turn may contribute to an increased risk for cancer.
oxidative damage,Diabetes,cancer,chromosomal aberrations,lifestyle habits
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29282.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29282_d5e3662ef9c4184e959c32158ac1c381.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Trends in Smoking among University Students between 2005-2012 in Sakarya, Turkey
4575
4581
EN
Turkey protects its entire population of 75 million people with all the MPOWER measures at the highestlevel. The aim of this study is to make a comparison of smoking and addiction data obtained from SakaryaUniversity students in 2005-6 and 2012-13. A total of 4,200 (2,500 and 1,700 for each academic year) students atSakarya University in Sakarya, Turkey, were randomly selected for sampling purposes. The selected participantsrepresented Sakarya University students. Data were collected using a pretested anonymous and confidential,self-completed questionnaire which took 15-20 minutes to complete and Fagerstrom Test for nicotine dependence.Chi-squared, Spearman correlation, and binary logistic regression tests were used to define associations, ifany. The level of significance was kept at alpha=0.05. Smoking prevalance dropped by 8.5% (from 26.9% to18.5%). Male gender, older age, high family smoking index, low self-rated school success, and high peer smokerproportion were common variables that have correlation with smoking status. In the binary logistic regressiontest the highest contributor to “being a smoker” was found to be the rate of peer smokers. Having all friendssmoking puts the student a a 47.5 and 58.0 times higher risk for smoking for males and females, respectively.Our results suggest an admirable diminution of smoking prevalance among Sakarya University students, whichcan be attributed to MPOWER protection.
Students,smoking,universities,peer smoking,MPOWER protection,Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29283.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29283_70e5cd799673f66112637502df745dcf.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Prognostic Significance of Beclin-1 Expression in Colorectal Cancer: a Meta-analysis
4583
4587
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: Beclin-1 has recently been observed as an essential marker of autophagy in several cancers.However, the prognostic role of Beclin-1 in colorectal neoplasia remains controversial. Our study aimed toevaluate the potential association between Beclin-1 expression and the outcome of colorectal cancer patients.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: All related studies were systematically searched in Pubmed, Embase, Springer andChinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases (CNKI), and then a meta-analysis was performed todetermine the association of Beclin-1 expression with clinical outcomes. Finally, a total of 6 articles were includedin our analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: Our data showed that high Beclin-1 expression in patients with CRC was associatedwith poor prognosis in terms of tumor distant metastasis (OR=2.090, 95%CI=1.061-4.119, p=0.033) and overallsurvival (RR=1.422, 95%CI=1.032-1.959, p=0.031). However, we did not found any correlation between Beclin-1over-expression and tumor differentiation (OR=1.711, 95%CI=0.920-3.183, p=0.090). In addition, there was noevidence of publication bias as suggested by Egger’s tests for tumor distant metastasis (p=1.000), differentiation(p=1.000) and OS (p=0.308). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our present meta-analysis indicated that elevated Beclin-1 expressioniss associated with tumor metastasis and a poor prognosis in patients with CRC. Beclin-1 might serve as anefficient prognostic indicator in CRC, and could be a new molecular target in CRC therapy.
Beclin-1,colorectal cancer,Prognosis,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29305.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29305_813233d40e1988e7982b3e5de84f75a5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
DEPTOR Expression Negatively Correlates with mTORC1 Activity and Tumor Progression in Colorectal Cancer
4589
4594
EN
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is upregulated in the pathogenesis of manycancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). DEPTOR is an mTOR inhibitor whose expression is negativelyregulated by mTOR. However, the role of DEPTOR in the development of CRC is not known. The aim of thisstudy was to investigate the expression of DEPTOR and mTORC1 activity (P-S6) in a subset of CRC patientsand determine their relation to tumor differentiation, invasion, nodal metastasis and disease-free survival. Here,Immunohistochemical expression of P-S6 (S235/236) and DEPTOR were evaluated in 1.5 mm tumor cores from90 CRC patients and in 90 samples of adjacent normal mucosa by tissue microarray. The expression of P-S6(S235/236) was upregulated in CRC, with the positive rate of P-S6 (S235/236) in CRC (63.3%) significantly higherthan that in control tissues (36.7%, 30%) (p<0.05). P-S6 (S235/236) also correlated with high tumor histologicgrade (p=0.002), and positive nodal metastasis (p=0.002). In contrast, the expression level of DEPTOR wascorrelated with low tumor histological grade (p=0.006), and negative nodal metastasis (p=0.001). Interestingly,P-S6 (S235/236) expression showed a significant negative association with the expression of DEPTOR in CRC(p=0.011, R= -0.279). However, upregulation of P-S6 (S235/236) (p=0.693) and downregulation of DEPTOR(p=0.331) in CRC were not significantly associated with overall survival. Thus, we conclude that expression ofDEPTOR negatively correlates with mTORC1 activity and tumor progression in CRC. DEPTOR is a potentialmarker for prognostic evaluation and a target for the treatment of CRC.
colorectal cancer,mTOR,DEPTOR,P-S6,immunohistochemistry
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29306.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29306_e56a8b8706055672d20760103da9c1e3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale for Colorectal Cancer Screening
4595
4599
EN
<b>Background:</b> Colorectal cancer is a serious health problem. Early detection of colorectal cancer is crucialfor treatment and reducing mortality. Beliefs related to colorectal cancer have been found to be a factor in aperson’s decision about colorectal cancer screening programs. To determine such beliefs, a valid and reliableinstrument is necessary. <br/><b>Objective</b>:The aim of this study was to adapt and determine the psychometric propertiesof the Persian version of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale of breast cancer screening in the measurement ofbeliefs toward colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The ‘forward-backward’ procedurewas applied to translate the instrument from English into Persian. This study was conducted in Iran from June2012 to May 2013. A convenience sample of 200 individuals aged 50 years and older was recruited from thepopulation at the outpatient clinics in the three teaching hospitals. Validity was assessed using content, face andconstruct validity. To test reliability, the internal consistency was assessed by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficientand test-retest (intraclass correlation coefficient) analyses. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess theconstruct validity and determine the factors of adapted Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale. <br/><b>Results</b>: Themean age of the participants were 62.5 years (SD=10.8 years) and the majority of them (75.5 percent) werefemale. The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated a six-factor solution for the questionnaire (benefits,motivation and confidence, seriousness, susceptibility, emotional barriers and background barriers) that jointlyaccounted for 55.52% of variance observed. Cronbach’s alpha of the subscales ranged from 0.57 to 0.89 andtest-retest reliability ranged from 0.81 to 0.93 indicating a good range of reliability. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The findingsof this study suggest that the Persian version of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale of CRC screening hasgood psychometric properties and could be an appropriate measure for health beliefs related to CRC screeningin national and international studies.
Colorectal cancer screening - Champion’s health belief model scale - validity- reliability–,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29307.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29307_70ac3f2d709f8f4ad486366db9e1a90a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Anti-invasive Activity against Cancer Cells of Phytochemicals in Red Jasmine Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
4601
4607
EN
Red rice contains pharmacological substances including phenolics, oryzanol, tocotrienol and tocopherol.Recently, red rice extract has been employed as a source of antioxidants for inhibition of tumor growth. Thisstudy was carried out to evaluate the anti-invasion effects of red rice extract fractions on cancer cells. It wasfound that at 100 μg/ml of crude ethanolic extract (CEE), hexane fraction (Hex) and dichloromethane fraction(DCM) could reduce HT1080 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell invasion. Hex and DCM revealed higher potencylevels than CEE, whereas an ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) had no effect. Gelatin zymography revealed thatHex decreased the secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and-9). In contrast, theDCM fraction exhibited slightly effect on MMPs secretion and had no effect on MMPs activity. Collagenaseactivity was significantly inhibited by the Hex and DCM fractions. High amounts of γ-oryzanol and γ-tocotrienolwere found in the Hex and DCM fractions and demonstrated an anti-invasion property. On the other hand,proanthocyanidin was detected only in the CEE fraction and reduced MDA-MB-231 cells invasion property.These observations suggest that proanthocyanidin, γ-oryzanol and γ-tocotrienol in the red rice fractions mightbe responsible for the anti invasion activity. The red rice extract may have a potential to serve as a food-derivedchemotherapeutic agent for cancer patients.
matrix metalloproteinase,red rice extract,Invasion,phytochemicals
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29308.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29308_4659c03b54bd498fabed32a3547b8c50.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Tumor Inhibition Effects and Mechanisms of Angelica sinensis and Sophorae flavescentis ait Decoction Combined with Cisplatin in Xenograft Mice
4609
4615
EN
<b>Background:</b> To investigate tumor inhibition effects and mechanisms of Angelica sinensis and Sophoraeflavescentis ait decoction (ASSF) combined with diamine-dichloroplatinum (DDP). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:Bodyweight, tumor inhibition rate and q value were calculated for single ASSF or ASSF combined with DDP onH22 carcinoma xenograft KM mice. Biochemical methods for serum LDH, AST, ALT, and AKP, ELISA methodfor serum HIF-1α, pathological assessemnt of thymus, immunohistochemistry detection of tumor tissue caspase3and mutant p53 protein, and qRT-PCR detection of bax/ bcl-2 mRNA were applied. <br/><b>Results</b>: Compared withDDP control group, the bodyweight increased in ASSF-DDP group (p<0.01). Tumor inhibition rates for DDP,ASSF, ASSF-DDP were 62.7%. 43.7% and 71.0% respectively, with a q value of 0.90. Compared with othergroups, thymus of DDP control group had obvious pathological injury (p<0.01), serum LDH, AST, ALT, AKPincreased significantly in DDP control group (p<0.01), while serum HIF-1α was increased in the model controlgroup. Compared with this latter, the expression of mutant p53 protein and bcl-2 mRNA were decreased inall treatment groups (p<0.01), but there were no statistical difference between DDP control p and ASSF-DDPgroups. The expression of caspase3 protein and bax mRNA was increased in all treatment groups, with statisticaldifferences between the DDP and ASSF-DDP groups (p<0.01). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: ASSF can inhibit bodyweight decreasecaused by DDP, can inhibit tumor growth synergistically with DDP mainly through increasing serum HIF-1αand pro-apoptotic molecules such as caspase 3 and bax, rather than through decreasing anti-apoptotic mutantp53 and bcl-2. ASSF can reduce DDP toxicity due to decreasing the release of LDH, AST, ALT, AKP into bloodand enhancing thymus protection.
Angelica sinensis,Sophorae flavescentis ait,Decoction,H22 cells,tumor xenografts,DDP
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29309.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29309_211894db3f1a10e089ccca5bc2b828ab.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Association Between the (GT)n Polymorphism of the HO-1 Gene Promoter Region and Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis
4617
4622
EN
<b>Background:</b> Several studies have previously focused on associations between the (GT)n repeat polymorphismof the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene promoter region and risk of cancers, but results are complex. We conductedthe present meta-analysis to integrate relevant findings and evaluate the association between HO-1 (GT)nrepeat polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Published literature was retrievedfrom the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and ISI Web of Science databases before November 2013. For allalleles and genotypes, odds ratios were pooled to assess the strength of the associations using either fixed-effectsor random-effects models according to heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to ethnicityand histopathology. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 10 studies involving 2,367 cases and 2,870 controls were identified. Theresults showed there was no association between HO-1 (GT)n repeat polymorphism and the cancer risk both atthe allelic and genotypic level. However, in the stratified analysis, we observed an increased risk of squamouscell carcinoma in persons carrying the LL genotype and the LL+LS genotype as compared with those carryingthe SS genotype. When the LS and SS genotypes were combined, the odds ratio for squamous cell carcinoma inLL-genotype carriers, were also significantly increased. No publication bias was observed. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The LLgenotype and L-allele carrying genotypes (LL+LS) of HO-1 (GT)n repeat polymorphism are potential geneticfactors for developing squamous cell carcinoma. More large and well-designed studies are required for furthervalidations.
Heme oxygenase-1,Polymorphism,cancer,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29310.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29310_e289b32cf802e6a545a1d54755ff9106.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Lack of Mutations in Protein Tyrosine Kinase Domain Coding Exons 19 and 21 of the EGFR Gene in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas
4623
4627
EN
<b>Background:</b> The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a vital role in the activation and inactivationof receptor tyrosine kinases. Mutations in exons 19 and 21 of EGFR are commonly found to be associatedwith non small cell lung carcinoma and triple negative breast cancer, enhancing sensitivity to EGFR targetingchemotherapeutic agents. Since amplification and prolonged activation of EGFR molecules have been identifiedin oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), we investigated whether OSCCs carried mutations in exons 19 and21 of EGFR to their incidence. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Tumor chromosomal DNA isolated from forty surgicallyexcised oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues was subjected to PCR amplification with intronic primers flankingexons 19 and 21 of the EGFR gene. The PCR amplicons were subsequently subjected to direct sequencing toelucidate the mutation status. <br/><b>Results</b>: Data analysis of the EGFR exon 19 and 21 coding sequences did not showany mutations in the forty OSCC samples that were analyzed. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: To the best of our knowledge, this isthe first study to have investigated the genetic status of exons 19 and 21 of EGFR in Indian OSCCs and identifiedthat mutation in EGFR exon 19 and 21 may not contribute towards their genesis. The absence of mutationsalso indicates that oral cancerous lesions may not be as sensitive as other cancers to chemotherapeutic agentstargeting EGFR.
EGFR mutation,oral carcinoma,exon 19,exon 21,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29311.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29311_ea9a5a94ba3c6552a64243c9370ece4e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Diagnostic Performance of Diffusion Weighted Imaging of Malignant and Benign Pulmonary Nodules and Masses: Comparison with Positron Emission Tomography
4629
4635
EN
<b>Background:</b> Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) makes it possible to detect malignant tumors based onthe diffusion of water molecules. However, it is uncertain whether DWI has advantages over FDG-PET fordistinguishing malignant from benign pulmonary nodules and masses. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: One hundredforty-three lung cancers, 17 metastatic lung tumors, and 29 benign pulmonary nodules and masses were assessedin this study. DWI and FDG-PET were performed. <br/><b>Results</b>: The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value(1.27±0.35 ×10-3 mm2/sec) of malignant pulmonary nodules and masses was significantly lower than that (1.66±0.58×10-3 mm2/sec) of benign pulmonary nodules and masses. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax:7.47±6.10) of malignant pulmonary nodules and masses were also significantly higher than that (3.89±4.04) ofbenign nodules and masses. By using optimal cutoff values for ADC (1.44×10-3 mm2/sec) and for SUVmax (3.43),which were determined with receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC curves), the sensitivity (80.0%) ofDWI was significantly higher than that (70.0%) of FDG-PET. The specificity (65.5%) of DWI was equal to that(65.5%) of FDG-PET. The accuracy (77.8%) of DWI was not significantly higher than that (69.3%) of FDGPETfor pulmonary nodules and masses. As the percentage of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) componentin adenocarcinoma increased, the sensitivity of FDG-PET decreased. DWI could not help in the diagnosis ofmucinous adenocarcinomas as malignant, and FDG-PET could help in the correct diagnosis of 5 out of 6 mucinousadenocarcinomas as malignant. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: DWI has higher potential than PET in assessing pulmonary nodulesand masses. Both diagnostic approaches have their specific strengths and weaknesses which are determined bythe underlying pathology of pulmonary nodules and masses.
Diffusion weighted imaging,positron emission tomography,Lung cancer,pulmonary nodules and masses
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29312.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29312_72ae837a3a771b223c4d71f4e7d0eb03.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Genetic Variations in the HIF1A Gene Modulate Response to Adjuvant Chemotherapy after Surgery in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
4637
4642
EN
<b>Background:</b> Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) plays an important role in regulating cell survivaland angiogenesis, which are critical for tumor growth and metastasis. Genetic variations of HIF1A have beenshown to influence the susceptibility to many kinds of human tumors. Increased expression of HIF-1α has alsobeen demonstrated to be involved in tumor progression. However, the prognostic value of single nucleotidepolymorphisms (SNPs) inthe HIF1A gene remains to be determined in most cancer types, including colorectalcancer (CRC). In this study, we sought to investigate the predictive role of HIF1A SNPs in prognosis of CRCpatients and efficacy of chemotherapy. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We genotyped two functional SNPs in HIF1Agene using the Sequenom iPLEX genotyping system and then assessed their associations with clinicopathologicalparameters and clinical outcomes of 697 CRC patients receiving radical surgery using Cox logistic regressionmodel and Kaplan Meier curves. <br/><b>Results</b>: Generally, no significant association was found between these 2 SNPsand clinical outcomes of CRC. In stratified analysis of subgroup without adjuvant chemotherapy, patientscarrying CT/TT genotypes of rs2057482 exhibited a borderline significant association with better overallsurvival when compared with those carrying CC genotype [Hazard ratio (HR), 0.47; 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 0.29-0.76; P < 0.01]. Moreover, significant protective effects on CRC outcomes conferred by adjuvantchemotherapy were exclusively observed in patients carrying CC genotype of rs2057482 and in those carryingAC/CC genotype of rs2301113. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Genetic variations in HIF1A gene may modulate the efficacy ofadjuvant chemotherapy after surgery in CRC patients.
HIF1A,Single nucleotide polymorphism,Prognosis,colorectal cancer,Adjuvant chemotherapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29313.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29313_7bd327681c100549e83d737a7c20aded.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
ABO Blood Groups and Risk of Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
4643
4650
EN
<b>Background:</b> For decades, studies have been performed to evaluate the association between ABO bloodgroups and risk of cancer. However, whether ABO blood groups are associated with overall cancer risk remainsunclear. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies to assess this association. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: A search of Pubmed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Wiley, and Web of Knowledge databases (to May2013) was supplemented by manual searches of bibliographies of key retrieved articles and relevant reviews.We included case-control studies and cohort studies with more than 100 cancer cases. <br/><b>Results</b>: The searchyielded 89 eligible studies that reported 100,554 cases at 30 cancer sites. For overall cancer risk, the pooled ORwas 1.12 (95%CI: 1.09-1.16) for A vs. non- A groups, and 0.84 (95%CI: 0.80-0.88) for O vs. non-O groups. Forindividual cancer sites, blood group A was found to confer increased risk of gastric cancer (OR=1.18; 95%CI:1.13-1.24), pancreatic cancer (OR=1.23; 95%CI: 1.15-1.32), breast cancer (OR=1.12; 95%CI: 1.01-1.24), ovariancancer (OR=1.16; 95%CI: 1.04-1.27), and nasopharyngeal cancer (OR=1.17; 95%CI: 1.00-1.33). Blood groupO was found to be linked to decreased risk of gastric cancer (OR=0.84; 95%CI: 0.80-0.88), pancreatic cancer(OR=0.75; 95%CI: 0.70-0.80), breast cancer (OR=0.90; 95%CI: 0.85-0.95), colorectal cancer (OR=0.89; 95%CI:0.81-0.96), ovarian cancer (OR=0.76; 95%CI: 0.53-1.00), esophagus cancer (OR=0.94; 95%CI: 0.89-1.00), andnasopharyngeal cancer (OR=0.81; 95%CI: 0.70-0.91). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Blood group A is associated with increasedrisk of cancer, and blood group O is associated with decreased risk of cancer.
Blood group,cancer,Systematic review,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29314.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29314_c3bfc303e52d0f1c2615083591265805.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Gelam Honey and Ginger Potentiate the Anti Cancer Effect of 5-FU against HCT 116 Colorectal Cancer Cells
4651
4657
EN
The development of chemopreventive approaches using a concoction of phytochemicals is potentially viablefor combating many types of cancer including colon carcinogenesis. This study evaluated the anti-proliferativeeffects of ginger and Gelam honey and its efficacy in enhancing the anti-cancer effects of 5-FU (5-fluorouracil)against a colorectal cancer cell line, HCT 116. Cell viability was measured via MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay showing ginger inhibiting the growthof HCT 116 cells more potently (IC50 of 3mg/mL) in comparison to Gelam honey (IC50 of 75mg/mL). Combinedtreatment of the two compounds (3mg/mL ginger+75mg/mL Gelam honey) synergistically lowered the IC50 ofGelam honey to 22mg/mL. Combination with 35 mg/mL Gelam honey markedly enhanced 5-FU inhibitingeffects on the growth of HCT 116 cells. Subsequent analysis on the induction of cellular apoptosis suggestedthat individual treatment of ginger and Gelam honey produced higher apoptosis than 5-FU alone. In addition,treatment with the combination of two natural compounds increased the apoptotic rate of HCT 116 cells dosedependentlywhile treatment of either ginger or Gelam honey combined with 5-FU only showed modest changes.Combination index analysis showed the combination effect of both natural compounds to be synergistic in theirinhibitory action against HCT 116 colon cancer cells (CI 0.96 < 1). In conclusion, combined treatment of Gelamhoney and ginger extract could potentially enhance the chemotherapeutic effect of 5-FU against colorectal cancer.
Gelam honey,ginger,HCT 116 cells,Anti-proliferation,Apoptosis,5-FU,Colon cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29315.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29315_df2bcb8a59666f882b42b3dfecbefad0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Significant Correlation between Salivary and Serum Ca 15-3 in Healthy Women and Breast Cancer Patients
4659
4662
EN
The tumor marker CA 15-3 is one of the most import reliable for metastatic breast cancer monitoring. Whileit is generally assessed in serum of patients, blood sampling is an invasive method compared to saliva samplingwhich is simple and could be an alternative to blood according to many studies. The aim of this investigationwas to assess the relationship between serum and salivary concentrations of the protein CA 15-3 in patientswith breast cancer and healthy asymptomatic volunteers. A case-control study was conducted with 60 women:29 breast cancer patients from the Maternity Hospital Souissi Rabat (Morocco) and 31 healthy asymptomaticwomen. The CA 15-3 concentrations in saliva and serum samples were assessed using an enzyme immune assay(EIA kits) and comparison between cases and controls was made by the Mann-Whitney test. The correlationbetween serum and saliva CA 15-3 concentration was tested using Pearson correlation. The comparison resultof CA15-3 concentration in saliva and serum level in cases and controls was not statistically significant (p>0.05).However, the correlation between salivary and serum CA 15-3 concentration was positive and statisticallysignificant (r=0.27, p=0.03). In conclusion, the positive correlation between salivary and serum expression foundin our study suggests that saliva could be an alternative to blood sampling to help breast cancer monitoring.
breast cancer,Tumor markers,CA 15-3,Serum,Saliva,diagnostic approaches
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29316.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29316_a511d5e700775536209f112b5f3a0a89.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Effect of Trichostatin A on CNE2 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells - Genome-wide DNA Methylation Alteration
4663
4670
EN
Trichostatin A (TSA) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. We here investigated its effects on proliferationand apoptosis of the CNE2 carcinoma cell line, and attempted to establish genome-wide DNA methylationalteration due to differentially histone acetylation status. After cells were treated by TSA, the inhibitory rate ofcell proliferation was examined with a CCK8 kit, and cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Comparedto control, TSA inhibited CNE2 cell growth and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, TSA was found to inducegenome-wide methylation alteration as assessed by genome-wide methylation array. Overall DNA methylationlevel of cells treated with TSA was higher than in controls. Function and pathway analysis revealed that manygenes with methylation alteration were involved in key biological roles, such as apoptosis and cell proliferation.Three genes (DAP3, HSPB1 and CLDN) were independently confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Finally,we conclude that TSA inhibits CNE2 cell growth and induces apoptosis in vitro involving genome-wide DNAmethylation alteration, so that it has promising application prospects in treatment of NPC in vivo. Although manyunreported hypermethylated/hypomethylated genes should be further analyzed and validated, the pointers tonew biomarkers and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of NPC should be stressed.
Trichostatin A - nasopharyngeal carcinoma - CNE2 –,methylation - acetylation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29317.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29317_5643e4a762c4c6959766bba43c032a6d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
miR-200a Inhibits Tumor Proliferation by Targeting AP-2γ in Neuroblastoma Cells
4671
4676
EN
<b>Background:</b> MicroRNA-200a (miR-200a) has been reported to regulate tumour progression in severaltumours but little is known about its role in neuroblastoma. Our aim was to investigate the potential role andmechanism of miR-200a in neuroblastomas. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Expression levels of miR-200a in tissueswere determined using RT-PCR. The effect of miR-200a and shAP-2γ on cell viability was evaluated using MTSassays, and target protein expression was determined using Western blotting and RT-PCR. Luciferase reporterplasmids were constructed to confirm direct targeting. Results were reported as mean±S.E.M and differenceswere tested for significance using the 2-tailed Students t-test. <br/><b>Results</b>: We determined that miR-200a expressionwas significantly lower in neuroblastoma tumors than the adjacent non-cancer tissue. Over-expression of miR-200are reduced cell viability in neuroblastoma cells and inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenografts. We identifiedAP-2γ as a novel target for miR-200a in neuroblastoma cells. Thus miR-200a targets the 3’UTR of AP-2γ andinhibits its mRNA and protein expression. Furthermore, our result showed that shRNA knockdown of AP-2γin neuroblastoma cells results in significant inhibit of cell proliferation and tumor growth in vitro, supportingan oncogenic role of AP-2γ in neuroblastoma. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our study revealed that miR-200a is a candidatetumor suppressor in neuroblastoma, through direct targeting of AP-2γ. These findings re-enforce the proposalof AP-2γ as a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma.
miR-200a,AP-2γ,neuroblastoma,Cell proliferation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29318.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29318_58a9636938b9cddef4904d3cb3886ca8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Pattern of Lymph Node Pathology in Western Saudi Arabia
4677
4681
EN
<b>Background:</b> This study aimed to characterize the histopathological pattern of lymph node pathology amongSaudi patients and to highlight the age and gender variations of these lesions as base line data. Materials and<br/><b>Methods</b>: We retrospectively analyzed the data from lymph node biopsy specimens received at the Departmentof Pathology, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia from January 2006 to December 2013. <br/><b>Results</b>: Ofthe 289 lymph node biopsy specimens received, 154 (53.3%) were from males and 135 (46.7%) from femalesgiving a male: female ratio of 1.14:1. Age of the patients ranged from 2.5 to 96 years with a mean age 33.9 years.The commonest lymph node group affected was the cervical (30.4%) followed by axillary (9.7%) and inguinal(8.7%). Malignant lymphoma [71 Hodgkin’s disease (HD), 57 non Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)] 128 (44.3%),reactive hyperplasia 68 (23.5%), and tuberculosis 41 (14.2%) were the common causes of lymph node enlargement.While HD, reactive hyperplasia and tuberculosis were commonest in young adult patients (10-29 years old) andrare above the age of 50 years; NHL was the predominant cause of lymph node enlargement above 50 years.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Lymph node biopsy plays an important role in establishing the cause of lymphadenopathy. Amongthe biopsied nodes, lymphomas were the most common (44.3%) followed by non-specific reactive hyperplasia(23.5%) and tuberculous lymphadenitis (14.2%).
lymph node,Pathology,Madinah,Western Saudi Arabia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29319.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29319_4cc4a2b803cee82f0d5459cecd8aeb42.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Evaluation of Eligibility and Utilization of Breast Conservation Treatment in an Asian Context
4683
4688
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast conservation treatment (BCT) has long been recognised to provide survival outcomesequivalent to mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer. However, published reports of BCT rates in Asiancommunities are lower than those from Western countries. This study sought to investigate the eligibility andutilisation of BCT in a predominantly Asian population. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: All patients treated surgicallyby a single surgeon at a private medical facility between 2009 and 2011 were included in the study. Patients weredeemed to have successful BCT if they underwent breast conserving surgery with pathologic clear margins andcompleted all recommended adjuvant treatment. Those who did not complete adjuvant treatment were excludedfrom the analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: Data from a total of 161 patients who underwent treatment during the study periodwere analysed. The mean age was 48.8 years. One hundred and six patients (65.8%) were of Chinese ethnicity,12 were Indian (7.5%), 11 were Malay (6.8%), 18 were Caucasian (11.2%) and 14 (8.7%) were of other Asianethnicity. One hundred and thirty-eight women (85.7%) underwent BCT. Of the 23 (14.3%) who underwentmastectomy, 8 (5.4%) elected to undergo a mastectomy despite being eligible for BCT. In total, it was assessedthat 146 of 161 patients (90.7%) were eligible for BCT and utilisation was 94.5%. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In this study,eligibility, utilisation of BCT and eventual successful breast conservation rates are similar to published ratesin Western communities. Additional research is needed to investigate the reasons for the lower published BCTrates in Asian countries and determine ways to improve them.
Breast conservation treatment eligibility utilisation oncoplastic breast surgery
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29320.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29320_7578bcc97c071e8a3e97a29e050b0916.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Meta-analysis of Association Studies of CYP1A1 Genetic Polymorphisms with Digestive Tract Cancers Susceptibility in Chinese
4689
4695
EN
<b>Background:</b> A great number of studies have shown that cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) geneticpolymorphisms, CYP1A1 Msp I and CYP1A1 Ile/Val, might be risk factors for digestive tract cancers, includingesophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatic carcinoma (HC), as well as colorectal cancer (CC), but theresults are controversial. In this study, a meta-analysis of this literature aimed to clarify associations of CYP1A1genetic polymorphisms with digestive tract cancers susceptibility in Chinese populations. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:Eligible case-control studies published until December 2013 were retrieved by systematic literature searches fromPubMed, Embase, CBM, CNKI and other Chinese databases by two investigators independently. The associatedliterature was acquired through deliberate search and selection based on established inclusion criteria. Fixedeffectsor random-effects models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs and 95%CIs). The meta-analysis wasconducted using Review Manager 5.2 and Stata 12.0 softwares with stability evaluated by both stratified andsensitivity analyses. Moreover, sensitivity analysis and publication bias diagnostics confirmed the reliability andstability. <br/><b>Results</b>: Eighteen cases control studies with 1, 747 cases and 2, 923 controls were selected for CYP1A1MspI polymorphisms, and twenty case-control studies with 3, 790 cases and 4, 907 controls for the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphisms. Correlation associations between CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphisms and digestive tract cancerssusceptibility were observed in four genetic models in the meta-analysis (GG vs AA:OR= 2.03, 95%CI =1.52-2.72; AG vs AA: OR=1.26, 95%CI =1.07-1.48; [ GG+AG vs AA] :OR =1.42, 95%CI=1.20-1.68, [GG vs AA+AG]:OR=1.80, 95%CI =1.40-2.31). There was no association between CYP1A1 Msp I polymorphisms and digestivetract cancers risk. Subgroup analysis for tumor type showed a significant association of CYP1A1 Ile/Val geneticpolymorphisms with EC in China. However, available data collected by the study failed to reveal remarkableassociations of GC or HC with CYP1A1 Ile/Val genetic polymorphisms and EC, GC or CC with CYP1A1 MspIgenetic polymorphisms. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our results indicated that CYP1A1 Ile/Val genetic polymorphisms, butnot CYP1A1 Msp I polymorphisms, are associated with an increased digestive tract cancers risk in Chinesepopulations. Additional well-designed studies, with larger sample size, focusing on different ethnicities andcancer types are now warranted to validate this finding.
CYP1A1,Genetic,polymorphisms,digestive tract cancers,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29321.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29321_081261cbf7a25aff87075aba3bfcb9d1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Positive Association Between IL-16 rs11556218 T/G Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis
4697
4703
EN
<b>Background:</b> Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a multifunctional cytokine which plays a key role in inflammatory andautoimmune diseases as well as in cancer. Genetic polymorphisms of IL-16 have been implicated in susceptibilityto cancer. However, associations remain inconclusive. The present meta-analysis was therefore carried out toestablish a more conclusive association of IL-16 polymorphisms with cancer risk. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Relevantstudies were searched through the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Wan fang electronicdatabases updated in October 2013. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used toassess the association between IL-16 polymorphisms and cancer risk. <br/><b>Results</b>: Eight eligible studies (rs4778889T/C: 8, rs11556218 T/G: 7, rs4072111 C/T: 6) that met our selection criteria were included. The meta-analysisindicated that rs11556218 T/G was associated with a significant increased risk of cancer (G vs. T, OR=1.321,95% CI=1.142-1.528, P ﹤0.001; TG vs. TT, OR=1.665, 95% CI=1.448-1.915, P﹤0.001; GG+TG vs. TT, OR=1.622,95% CI=1.416-1.858, P﹤0.001),as well as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and colorectal cancer. Furthermore, in thesubgroup of Chinese, significant associations were found between rs11556218 polymorphism and cancer risk.There was no statistically significant association between the other two variants (rs4778889, rs4072111) and riskof cancer. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This meta-analysis suggests that the IL-16 rs11556218 polymorphism is associated withincreased cancer risk. Large well-designed studies involving various cancer types and different populations arenow needed.
Interleukin-16,cancer,Polymorphism,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29322.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29322_de19ed0bfab6f7a3675b83bd0c253347.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pretreatment Lymph Node Assessment for Gynecological Malignancies
4705
4709
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To determine the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detection of metastasis inpelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes from different gynecological malignancies. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Thisretrospective cross sectional analytic study was conducted at the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, AgaKhan University Hospital Karachi Pakistan from January 2011 to December 2012. A sample of 48 women, agerange between 20-79 years, fulfilling inclusion criteria were included. All patients had histopathologically provengynecological malignancies in the cervix, endometrium or ovary and presented for a pretreatment MRI to ourradiology department. <br/><b>Results</b>: MRI was 100% sensitive and had a 100% positive predictive value to detect lymphnode metastasis in lymph nodes with spiculated margins and 100% sensitive with a 75% positive predictive valueto detect lymph node metastasis in a lymph node with lobulated margins. The sensitivity and positive predictivevalue of MRI to detect heterogeneous nodal enhancement were 100% and 75% respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Ourstudy results reinforce that MRI should be used as a modality of choice in the pretreatment assessment of lymphnodes in proven gynaecological malignancies in order to determine the line of patientmanagement, distinguishingsurgical from non-surgical cases.
MRI,lymph nodes,gynecological malignancies,staging,Metastasis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29323.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29323_33df494d4d21266d22d2ed31bb51bdf4.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Lack of any Prognostic Relationship between Adiponectin Receptor (Adipo R1/R2) Expression for Early/ Advanced Stage Gastric Cancer
4711
4716
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: Adiponectin (ApN) is a complement C1q-related protein, mainly secreted from adipose tissue,that signals through ApN receptor1 (Adipo-R1) and ApN receptor 2 (Adipo-R2). Low serum ApN concentrationsare associated with obesity-related malignancies. However, there are very few studies on any prognostic roleof ApN receptors in gastric cancer. <br/><b>Objectives</b>: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship betweenAdipoR1/R2 expression and early/advanced stage gastric cancer in terms of clinicopathologic characteristicsand survival. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Eighteen patients with early and 39 with advanced stage gastric cancerwho underwent surgical gastric resection were included in this study. <br/><b>Results</b>: Adipo-R1 expression was low in2 of the 18 patients with early stage gastric cancer (11.1%), while 4 had low Adipo-R2 expression (22.2%). Inthose with advanced stage gastric cancer, 7 of 39 had low Adipo-R1 expression (17.9%) and 16 had low Adipo-R2expression (41%). Adipo-R2 expression was significantly higher (p=0.011) in moderately differentiated tumorswhen compared to well-differentiated tumors. While there was nearly a statistically significant relationshipbetween TNM stage (T, tumor size; N, regional lymph node; M, whether distant metastases exist) and Adipo-R2expression (p=0.054), there was no relationship between Adipo-R1/-R2 expression with tumor stage and survival.<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Adipo-R1/-R2 expression has no prognostic significance of in early/advanced stage gastric cancer.
Adiponectin,Adipo R1,Adipo R2,gastric carcinoma,survival,Prognosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29324.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29324_015462f9ffb980c227898cfc0341b04f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Comparative Evaluation of Two-dimensional Radiography and Three Dimensional Computed Tomography Based Dose-volume Parameters for High-dose-rate Intracavitary Brachytherapy of Cervical Cancer: A Prospective Study
4717
4721
EN
<b>Background:</b> Dosimetric comparison of two dimensional (2D) radiography and three-dimensional computedtomography (3D-CT) based dose distributions with high-dose-rate (HDR) intracavitry radiotherapy (ICRT) forcarcinoma cervix, in terms of target coverage and doses to bladder and rectum. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Sixtyfour sessions of HDR ICRT were performed in 22 patients. External beam radiotherapy to pelvis at a dose of 50Gray in 27 fractions followed by HDR ICRT, 21 Grays to point A in 3 sessions, one week apart was planned . Allpatients underwent 2D-orthogonal and 3D-CT simulation for each session. Treatment plans were generated using2D-orthogonal images and dose prescription was made at point A. 3D plans were generated using 3D-CT imagesafter delineating target volume and organs at risk. Comparative evaluation of 2D and 3D treatment planning wasmade for each session in terms of target coverage (dose received by 90%, 95% and 100% of the target volume:D90, D95 and D100 respectively) and doses to bladder and rectum: ICRU-38 bladder and rectum point dose in2D planning and dose to 0.1cc, 1cc, 2cc, 5cc, and 10cc of bladder and rectum in 3D planning. <br/><b>Results</b>: Mean dosesreceived by 100% and 90% of the target volume were 4.24±0.63 and 4.9±0.56 Gy respectively. Doses received by0.1cc, 1cc and 2cc volume of bladder were 2.88±0.72, 2.5±0.65 and 2.2±0.57 times more than the ICRU bladderreference point. Similarly, doses received by 0.1cc, 1cc and 2cc of rectum were 1.80±0.5, 1.48±0.41 and 1.35±0.37times higher than ICRU rectal reference point. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Dosimetric comparative evaluation of 2D and 3DCT based treatment planning for the same brachytherapy session demonstrates underestimation of OAR dosesand overestimation of target coverage in 2D treatment planning.
cervical cancer,image based brachytherapy,dose-volume parameter
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29325.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29325_9cf6511139c06b00ff820cc7c6863e85.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Awareness of Breast Cancer Warning Signs and Screening Methods among Female Residents of Pokhara Valley, Nepal
4723
4726
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and by far the most frequentcancer among women. <br/><b>Objective</b>: The present study was undertaken to assess the awareness of breast cancerwarning signs and screening methods among the women of Pokhara valley, Nepal. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Across-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out in a community setting with the female population. Thequestionnaire was administered in face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants. <br/><b>Results</b>: Nepalesewomen demonstrated poor awareness of warning signs like a breast lump, lump under the armpit, bleedingor discharge from the nipple, pulling of the nipple, changes in the position of the nipple, nipple rash, rednessof the breast skin, changes in the size of the breast or nipple, changes in the shape of the breast or nipple, painin the breast or armpit, and dimpling of the breast skin. While 100% of nurses were aware about breast selfexamination(BSE), mammography and warning signs of breast cancer. Levels of knowledge were significantlypoorer in women with other occupations. Graduates were more aware about BSE, mammogram and warningsigns of breast cancer compared to those with other educational levels. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The findings indicated thatthe level of awareness of breast cancer, including knowledge of warning signs and BSE, is sub-optimal amongNepalese women.
Questionnaire,breast cancer,Breast self-examination,Mammogram,warning sign,Nepal
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29326.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29326_31a88d8dc438b3add039075af88398a4.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Dosimetric Evaluation of 3-D Conformal and Intensitymodulated Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer after Conservative Surgery
4727
4732
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancers are becoming more frequently diagnosed at early stages with improved longterm outcomes. Late normal tissue complications induced by radiotherapy must be avoided with new breastradiotherapy techniques being developed. The aim of the study was to compare dosimetric parameters of planningtarget volume (PTV) and organs at risk between conformal (CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) after breast-conserving surgery. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 20 patients with early stage leftbreast cancer received adjuvant radiotherapy after conservative surgery, 10 by 3D-CRT and 10 by IMRT, witha dose of 50 Gy in 25 sessions. Plans were compared according to dose-volume histogram analyses in terms ofPTV homogeneity and conformity indices as well as organs at risk dose and volume parameters. <br/><b>Results</b>: The HIand CI of PTV showed no difference between 3D-CRT and IMRT, V95 gave 9.8% coverage for 3D-CRT versus99% for IMRT, V107 volumes were recorded 11% and 1.3%, respectively. Tangential beam IMRT increasedvolume of ipsilateral lung V5 average of 90%, ipsilateral V20 lung volume was 13%, 19% with IMRT and3D-CRT respectively. Patients treated with IMRT, heart volume encompassed by 60% isodose (30 Gy) reducedby average 42% (4% versus 7% with 3D-CRT), mean heart dose by average 35% (495cGy versus 1400 cGywith 3D-CRT). In IMRT minimal heart dose average is 356 cGy versus 90cGy in 3D-CRT. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: IMRTreduces irradiated volumes of heart and ipsilateral lung in high-dose areas but increases irradiated volumes inlow-dose areas in breast cancer patients treated on the left side.
breast cancer,radiotherapy,intensity-modulated,conservative surgery
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29327.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29327_0ad5151377233ebd53146e50458a7302.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
11
2014
11
01
Fotemustine, Teniposide and Dexamethasone in Treating Patients with CNS Lymphoma
4733
4738
EN
Purpose: We developed and evaluated a regimen including fotemustine, teniposide and dexamethasone (FTD)for treating patients with central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma based on pharmacokinetic properties ofindividual agents and in combination. Patients and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In a comparison study, 8 patients with primaryCNS lymphoma (PCNSL) and 8 with secondary CNS lymphoma (SCNSL) were treated with FTD (comprisingfotemustine 100 mg/m2, 1h infusion, day 1; teniposide 60 mg/m2, >0.5 h infusion, on day 2, 3, 4; dexamethasone 40mg, 1h infusion, on day 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5; and methotrexate 12 mg, cytosine arabinoside 50 mg plus dexamethasone5 mg intrathecally, on day 2 and 7). Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. After response assessment, patientsreceived whole brain radiotherapy. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of the 8 PCNSL patients, 4 (50%) achieved CR and 3 (38%) PR, anoverall response rate of 88%. Four patients (50%) were in continuing remission at the end of this study after amedian follow-up of 30 months (range 10 to 56 months). Of the 8 SCNSL patients the overall response rate was63% (CR+PR: 38%+25%). All responses were achievable with predictable toxicity mainly reflecting reversiblemyelosuppression. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: This study suggests that FTD could be an effective treatment for CNS lymphoma,and is worthy of further evaluation.
Central nervous system,Lymphoma,Chemotherapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29328.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29328_ea33a32708ea40d79f89092354de675f.pdf