West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
An Update on Occupation and Prostate Cancer
501
516
EN
<b>Background:</b> Our aim was to identify gaps and limitations in the current literature and to make recommendationsfor future research required to address these. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We reviewed occupational exposures andrelated factors associated with the risk of prostate cancer between 2000 and 2012. These included chemical,ergonomic, physical or environmental, and psychosocial factors which have been reported by epidemiologicalstudies across a range of industries. <br/><b>Results</b>: The results are inconsistent from study to study and generally this isdue to the reliance upon the retrospectivity of case-control studies and prevalence (ecological) studies. Exposureassessment bias is a recurring limitation of many of the studies in this review. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: We consider thereis insufficient evidence to implicate prostate cancer risk for ergonomic, physical, environmental or psychosocialfactors, but there is sufficient evidence to implicate toxic metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). More research is required to identify specific pesticides that may be associatedwith risk of prostate cancer.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE,risk,risk factors,maximum allowable concentrations,Threshold,Prostate Cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28621.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28621_0e26e6325bed5d80607a50fef1f6810d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
PLGA-Based Nanoparticles as Cancer Drug Delivery Systems
517
535
EN
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the most effective biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles(NPs). It has been approved by the US FDA to use in drug delivery systems due to controlled and sustainedreleaseproperties, low toxicity, and biocompatibility with tissue and cells. In the present review, the structureand properties of PLGA copolymers synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of DL-lactide and glicolidewere characterized using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Methods of preparation andcharacterization, various surface modifications, encapsulation of diverse anticancer drugs, active or passivetumor targeting and different release mechanisms of PLGA nanoparticles are discussed. Increasing experience inthe application of PLGA nanoparticles has provided a promising future for use of these nanoparticles in cancertreatment, with high efficacy and few side effects.
Nanotechnology,poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA),Drug Delivery,Anticancer drugs
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28622.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28622_0df4b374b9a5f9a40363764de4cbbe68.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Head and Neck Cancer: Global Burden and Regional Trends in India
537
550
EN
The actual burden of head and neck cancer in India is much greater than reflected through the existingliterature and hence can be regarded as a ‘tip of iceberg’ situation. This has further been evident by the recentreports of ‘Net-based Atlas of Cancer in India’. South-east Asia is likely to face sharp increases of over 75% inthe number of cancer deaths in 2020 as compared to 2000. Since the percentage increase of Indian populationhas been nearly twice that of the world in last 15 years there is a likelihood of increase in cancer burden with thesame proportion. The distribution of population based cancer registries is grossly uneven with certain importantparts of the country being not represented at all and hence the current cancer burden is not reflected by registrydata. However, the pathetic situation of health care system in major parts of the country as also emphasizedby the World Bank, is not suitable to provide anywhere near accurate data on cancer burden. Head and neckcancer (including thyroid lesions) is third most common malignancy seen in both the sexes across the globe butis the commonest malignancy encountered in Indian males. Also oral cavity cancer is the most prevalent typeamongst the males and one of the highest across the globe. This article reviews the latest global and nationalsituation with an especial emphasis on head and neck cancer. Furthermore this review focuses on burden indifferent sub sites at national and global levels.
cancer,lip,tongue,oral cavity,oropharynx,nasopharynx,hypopharynx,Larynx,Thyroid,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28623.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28623_2d65b286dd1c8447c183cebd5a6e2b9f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 - A Promising Target in Colitis-Associated Cancer
551
560
EN
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and fourth most common cause of cancermortality worldwide. Untreated chronic inflammation in the intestine ranks among the top three high-riskconditions for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT3) protein is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors often deregulated in CRC. In this review,we try to emphasize the critical role of STAT3 in CAC as well as the crosstalk of STAT3 with inflammatorycytokines, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, PI3K/Akt, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), Notch, Wnt/β-cateninand microRNA (MiR) pathways. STAT3 is considered as a primary drug target to treat CAC in humans androdents. Also we updated the findings for inhibitors of STAT3 with regard to effeects on tumorigenesis. Thisreview will hopefully provide insights on the use of STAT3 as a therapeutic target in CAC.
Colitis associated cancer,STAT3,NF-κB,Cytokines,miRNA
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28624.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28624_587bd9f74c49990097601572c9501f65.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Oxidative Stress and Skin Diseases: Possible Role of Physical Activity
561
568
EN
<b>Background:</b> The skin is the largest body organ that regulates excretion of metabolic waste products,temperature, and plays an important role in body protection against environmental physical and chemical,as well as biological factors. These include agents that may act as oxidants or catalysts of reactions producingreactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and other oxidants in skin cells. An increasedamount of the oxidants, exceeding the antioxidant defense system capacity is called oxidative stress, leading tochronic inflammation, which, in turn, can cause collagen fragmentation and disorganization of collagen fibersand skin cell functions, and thus contribute to skin diseases including cancer. Moreover, research suggests thatoxidative stress participates in all stages of carcinogenesis. We report here a summary of the present state ofknowledge on the role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of dermatologic diseases, defensive systems againstROS/RNS, and discuss how physical activity may modulate skin diseases through effects on oxidative stress.The data show duality of physical activity actions: regular moderate activity protects against ROS/RNS damage,and endurance exercise with a lack of training mediates oxidative stress. These findings indicate that the redoxbalance should be considered in the development of new antioxidant strategies linked to the prevention andtherapy of skin diseases.
oxidative stress,Inflammation,Skin Diseases,cancer,physical activity
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28625.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28625_4ed396c8850580639ba636cc1572b8b3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Indications in Current Practice
569
575
EN
Although mammography is the primary imaging modality for the breast, it has its limitations especially withdense breast parenchyma. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved into an important adjunctivetool as it is currently the most sensitive technique for breast cancer detection. Despite this high sensitivity, overlapin the appearances of some benign and malignant breast lesions results in additional unnecessary interventionwith negative results. These false positives, in addition to high cost and limited availability, necessitate establishingproper indications for breast MRI. The literature was here reviewed for recent clinical trials, meta-analyses andreview papers which have studied this important subject. PubMed; the US national library of medicine, wasutilized to review the literature in the last twenty years. Using the obtained information, current uses of breastMRI are discussed in this paper to determine the indications which are relevant to clinical practice.
MRI,indications,applications
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28626.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28626_286c088ae109810285835a42250b3670.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Insights into the Diverse Roles of miR-205 in Human Cancers
577
583
EN
The recent discovery of tiny microRNAs (miRNAs) has brought about awareness of a new class of regulatorsof diverse pathways in many physiological and pathological processes, such as tumorigenesis. They modulategene expression by targeting plethora of mRNAs, mostly reducing the protein yield of a targeted mRNA. Withaccumulation of information on characteristics of miR-205, complex and in some cases converse roles of miR-205in tumor initiation, progression and metastasis are emerging. miR-205 acts either as an oncogene via facilitatingtumor initiation and proliferation, or in some cases as a tumor suppressor through inhibiting proliferation andinvasion. The aim of this review is to discuss miR-205 roles in different types of cancers. Given the critical effectsof deregulated miR-205 on processes involved in tumorigenesis, they hold potential as novel therapeutic targetsand biomarkers.
miRNA,MiR-205,Biomarker,oncogene,tumor suppressor,EMT
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28627.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28627_14f47510416377400e65b4f866da8d28.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Preventive and Therapeutic Roles of Ginseng - Focus on Colon Cancer
585
588
EN
Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases all over the world. Early screening and start ofchemotherapy is effective in decreasing mortality. This type of cancer can be controlled to some extent via a healthydiet rich in fruit and vegetables. Ginseng is a plant which has been consumed as a herbal medicine for thousandsof years in Asian countries. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that this plant not only reduces theincidence of colorectal cancer, but also improves patient’s status by enhancing the effects of chemotherapy drugs.However, further studies are needed to prove this relationship. We briefly review ginseng and its components suchas ginsenosides reported anticancer effects and their mechanisms of action. Understanding these relationshipsmay produce insights into chemical and pharmacological approaches for enhancing the chemo preventive effectsof ginsenosides and for developing novel anticancer agents.
Ginseng,Colon cancer,Rg3,Rh2,anticancer compounds
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28628.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28628_2bec75947289025b19451cc1bc8b900b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Barriers to Cancer Screening among Medical Aid Program Recipients in the Republic of Korea: A Qualitative Study
589
594
EN
Few studies have examined reasons why those with low socioeconomic status do not adequately receive cancerscreening. We therefore conducted a qualitative study to assess the barriers to cancer screening in people with lowsocioeconomic status, and to examine the reasons why Medical Aid Program (MAP) recipients do not participatein the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP). A focus group methodology was used. Participants includedMAP recipients (men aged 45-79 years, women aged 35-79 years) who had been invited to cancer screening atleast twice based on the NCSP protocol, but had not been screened for any cancer from 2009-2012. We recruitedparticipants living in the cities of Goyang and Paju. A total of 23 MAP recipients participated in four focus groupdiscussions, including 12 men and 11 women. In this qualitative study, we identified six barriers to screening:lack of trust in the NCSP and cancer screening units; fear of being diagnosed with cancer; discomfort or painfrom the screening procedure; lack of time, lack of knowledge about cancer screening or lack of awareness ofthe existence of the NCSP; physical disability or underlying disease; and logistic barriers. Interventions such asindividualized counseling, letters and reminders, or other individually-targeted strategies, especially for thosewith lower socioeconomic status are required to increase participation and reduce disparities in cancer screening.
cancer screening,barrier,participation rate,Qualitative study
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28629.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28629_3a834edb50c004b34c8f5fcf3aa691c7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Expression of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) as a Predictor of Poor Pathologic Response to Chemotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
595
598
EN
<b>Background:</b> NF-κB inhibits apoptosis through induction of antiapoptotic proteins and suppression ofproapoptotic genes. Various chemotherapy agents induce NF-κB translocation and target gene activation. Weconducted the present study to assess the predictive value of NF-κB regarding pathologic responses after receivingneoadjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We enrolled 131 patients with locally advanced invasiveductal breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect NF-κB expression. Evaluation ofpathologic response was elaborated with the Ribero classification. <br/><b>Results</b>: Expression of NF-κB was significantlyassociated with poor pathological response (p=0.02). From the multivariate analysis, it was found that the positiveexpression of NF-κB yielded RR=1.74 (95%CI 0.77 to 3.94). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: NF-κB can be used as a predictor ofpoor pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
locally advanced breast cancer,NF-κB,pathological response,Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28630.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28630_348ac50145166ee0e96cd019c090e4cc.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Pattern of Reproductive Cancers in India
599
603
EN
<b>Background:</b> Reproductive cancers are those that affect the human organs that are involved in producingoffspring. An attempt is made in the present communication to assess the magnitude and pattern of reproductivecancers, including their treatment modalities, in India. The cancer incidence data related to reproductive cancerscollected by five population-based urban registries, namely Bangalore, Bhopal, Chennai, Delhi and Mumbai, forthe years 2006-08 were utilized. The reproductive cancers among females constituted around 25% of the totaland around 9% among males. Among females, the three major contributors were cervix (55.5%), ovary (26.1%)and corpus uteri (12.4%). Similarly among males, the three major contributors were prostate (77.6%), penis(11.6%) and testis (10.5%). For females, the AAR of reproductive cancers varied between 30.5 in the registryof Mumbai to 37.3 in the registry of Delhi. In males, it ranged between 6.5 in the registry of Bhopal to 14.7 inthe registry of Delhi. For both males and females, the individual reproductive cancer sites showed increasingtrends with age. The leading treatment provided was: radio-therapy in combination with chemo-therapy forcancers of cervix (48.3%) and vagina (43.9%); surgery in combination with chemo-therapy (54.9%) for ovariancancer; and surgery in combination with radio-therapy for the cancers of the corpus uteri (39.8%). In males,the leading treatment provided was hormone-therapy for prostate cancer (39.6%), surgery for penile cancer(81.3%) and surgery in combination with chemo-therapy for cancer of the testis (57.6%)
Reproductive cancers,Cervix,Ovary,Corpus uteri,prostate,penis,Testis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28631.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28631_0df7d21eb6008b264cb21663f6ef0d5f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Transient Knock Down of Grp78 Reveals Roles in Serum Ferritin Mediated Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Rat Primary Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells
605
610
EN
Chronic liver diseases, including cancer, are characterized by inflammation and elevated serum ferritin (SF).However, the causal-relationship remains unclear. This study used primary rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC) as amodel to investigate effects of physiological SF concentrations (10, 100 and 1000 pM) because HSCs play a centralrole in the development and progression of liver fibrosis. Physiological concentrations of SF, either horse SF orhuman serum, induced pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1β, IL6 and TNFα secretion in rat activated HSCs (allp<0.05). By contrast, treatment did not alter activation marker αSMA expression. The presence of SF markedlyenhanced expression of Grp78 mRNA (p<0.01). Furthermore, transient knock down of Grp78 by endotoxin EGFSubAabolished SF-induced IL1β and TNFα secretion in activated HSCs (all p<0.05). In conclusion, our resultsshowed that at physiological concentrations SF functions as a pro-inflammatory mediator in primary rat HSCs.We also provide a molecular basis for the action of SF and identified Grp78-associated ER stress pathways as anovel potential therapeutic target for resolution of fibrosis and possible prevention of liver cancer.
Serum ferritin,hepatic stellate cells,Liver fibrosis,GRP78,endoplasmic reticulum stress
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28632.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28632_e1bc78a0a7f09820b381b92cd58ffd98.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Antitumor Activity of Lentivirus-mediated Interleukin -12 Gene Modified Dendritic Cells in Human Lung Cancer in Vitro
611
616
EN
<br/><b>Objectives</b>: Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor immunotherapy needs an immunogenic tumor associatedantigen (TAA) and an effective approach for its presentation to lymphocytes. In this study we explored whethertransduction of DCs with lentiviruses (LVs) expressing the human interleukin-12 gene could stimulate antigenspecificcytotoxic T cells (CTLs) against human lung cancer cells in vitro. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Peripheral blood monocytederivedDCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding human IL-12 gene (LV-12). The anticipated targetof the human IL-12 gene was detected by RT-PCR. The concentration of IL-12 in the culture supernatant of DCswas measured by ELISA.Transduction efficiencies and CD83 phenotypes of DCs were assessed by flow cytometry.DCs were pulsed with tumor antigen of lung cancer cells (DC+Ag) and transduced with LV-12 (DC-LV-12+Ag).Stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation by DCs and activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) stimulatedby LV-12 transduced DCs pulsed with tumor antigen against A549 lung cancer cells were assessed with methylthiazolyltetrazolium (MTT). <br/><b>Results</b>: A recombinant lentivirus expressing the IL-12 gene was successfullyconstructed. DC transduced with LV-12 produced higher levels of IL-12 and expressed higher levels of CD83than non-transduced. The DC modified by interleukin -12 gene and pulsed with tumor antigen demonstratedgood stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation, induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antitumoreffects. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Dendritic cells transduced with a lentivirus-mediated interleukin-12 gene have anenhanced ability to kill lung cancer cells through promoting T lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxicity.
Dendritic cell,Interleukin-12,lung cancer cells,lentivirus vector,T Lymphocytes
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28633.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28633_288ce6bc014b2a0ee3d1080485c95c36.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Apoptosis-Inducing Activity of HPLC Fraction from Voacanga globosa (Blanco) Merr. on the Human Colon Carcinoma Cell
617
622
EN
Voacanga globosa (Blanco), a plant endemic to the Philippines, is traditionally used especially by indigenouspeople of Bataan in the treatment of ulcers, wounds and tumorous growths. This study aimed to providescientific evidence to therapeutic properties by determining cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity of HPLCfractions from leaves on HCT116 human colon carcinoma and A549 human lung carcinoma cell lines. Ethanolicextraction was performed on V globosa leaves followed by hexane and ethyl acetate partitioning. Silica gelcolumn chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) produced MP1, MP2 andMP3 fractions. Cytotoxic activity of the fractions was determined through MTT assay against the cancer celllines HCT116 and A549 and the non-cancer AA8 Chinese hamster ovarian cell line. Pro-apoptotic activities ofthe most active fractions were further assessed through DAPI staining, TUNEL assay and JC-1 mitochondrialmembrane potential assay with HCT116 cells. While the MP1 fraction exerted no significant activity against allcell lines tested, MP2 and MP3 fractions demonstrated high toxicity against HCT116 and A549 cells. The MP3fraction induced formation of apoptotic bodies, condensed DNA and other morphological changes consistentwith apoptosis of HCT116 cells and TUNEL assay showed significant increase in DNA fragmentation overtime. In these cells, the MP3 fraction also induced mitochondrial membrane destabilization, which is generallyassociated with the beginning of apoptosis. Phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence only of saponinsand terpenoids in the MP3 fraction. The results indicate that the MP3 fraction exerts cytotoxic activity onHCT116 cells via induction of apoptosis triggered by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential crucial for cellsurvival.
Voacanga globosa,cancer cell lines,Cytotoxicity,Apoptosis,saponins,terpenoids
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28634.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28634_a5521a4aaa152647d44f7a35930273fc.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Gender and Social Disparities in Esophagus Cancer Incidence in Iran, 2003-2009: A Time Trend Province-level Study
623
627
EN
<b>Background:</b> Esophagus cancer (EC) is among the five most common cancers in both sexes in Iran, with anincidence rate well above world average. Social rank (SR) of individuals and regions are well-known independentpredictors of EC incidence. The aim of current study was to assess gender and social disparities in EC incidenceacross Iran’s provinces through 2003-2009. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Data on distribution of population at provincelevel were obtained from the Statistical Centre of Iran. Age-standardized incidence rates of EC were gatheredfrom the National Cancer Registry. The Human Development Index (HDI) was used to assess the province socialrank. Rate ratios and Kunst and Mackenbach relative indices of inequality (RIIKM) were used to assess genderand social inequalities, respectively. Annual percentage change (APC) was calculated using joinpoint regression.<br/><b>Results</b>: EC incidence rate increased 4.6% and 6.5% per year among females and males, respectively. There wereno gender disparities in EC incidence over the study period. There were substantial social disparities in favorof better-off provinces in Iran. These social disparities were generally the same between males and females andwere stable over the study period. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results showed an inverse association between the provinces’social rank and EC incidence rate in Iran. In addition, I found that, in contrast with international trends, womenare at the same risk of EC as men in Iran. Further investigations are needed to explain these disparities in ECincidence across the provinces.
Ecological study,esophagus cancer,relative index of inequality,social disparity,Trend Analysis,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28635.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28635_4015d087c09e7d883e74ec3220bb1065.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Down-Regulation of Mcl-1 by Small Interference RNA Induces Apoptosis and Sensitizes HL-60 Leukemia Cells to Etoposide
629
635
EN
<b>Background:</b> Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fatal hematological malignancy which is resistant to a varietyof chemotherapy drugs. Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), a death-inhibiting protein that regulates apoptosis,has been shown to be overexpressed in numerous malignancies. In addition, it has been demonstrated that theexpression level of the Mcl-1 gene increases at the time of leukemic relapse following chemotherapy. The aimof this study was to target Mcl-1 by small interference RNA (siRNA) and analyze its effects on survival andchemosensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: siRNA transfection wasperformed with a liposome approach. The expression levels of mRNA and protein were measured by real-timequantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Trypan blue assays were performed to evaluate tumorcell growth after siRNA transfection. The cytotoxic effects of Mcl-1 siRNA (siMcl-1) and etoposide were determinedusing MTT assay on their own and in combination. Apoptosis was quantified using a DNA-histone ELISA assay.<br/><b>Results</b>: Transfection with siMcl-1 significantly suppressed the expression of Mcl-1 mRNA and protein in a timedependentmanner, resulting in strong growth inhibition and spontaneous apoptosis. Surprisingly, pretreatmentwith siMcl-1 synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic effect of etoposide. Furthermore, Mcl-1 down-regulationsignificantly increased apoptosis sensitivity to etoposide. No significant biological effects were observed withnegative control siRNA treatment. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our results suggest that specific suppression of Mcl-1 by siRNAcan effectively induce apoptosis and overcome chemoresistance of leukemic cells. Therefore, siMcl-1 may be apotent adjuvant in leukemia chemotherapy.
Mcl-1,Apoptosis,siRNA,Etoposide,Leukemia,HL-60
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28636.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28636_32a8eb5cb43370922f60f627711c2a5c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Impact of Chronic Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C on Adverse Hepatic Fibrosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Related to Betel Quid Chewing
637
642
EN
The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to habitual betel quid (BQ) chewing is unclear.Risk of HCCis increased with adverse hepatic fibrosis. This study aimed to assess the impact of chronic viralhepatitis on adverse hepatic fibrosis in HCC related to BQ chewing. This hospital-based case-control study enrolled200 pairs of age- and gender-matched patients with HCC and unrelated healthy controls. Serologic hepatitisB surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), α-fetoprotein (AFP), and surrogatemarkers for significant hepatic fibrosis were measured. Information on substance-use habits was obtained witha questionnaire. By analysis of surrogate markers for hepatic fibrosis, the prevalence of significant hepaticfibrosis in patients chewing BQ was between 45.8% and 91.7%, whereas that for patients without BQ chewingwas between 18.4% and 57.9%. The difference was significant (P <0.05 for each surrogate marker). Multivariateanalysis indicated that cirrhosis with Child-Pugh C (odds ratio (OR) = 3.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29-8.37), thrombocytopenia (OR = 3.92, 95% CI, 1.77-8.68), AFP >400 mg/L (OR = 2.21, 95% CI, 1.05-4.66) andmale gender (OR = 4.06, 95% CI, 1.29-12.77) were independent factors associated with habitual BQ chewing.In conclusion, adverse hepatic fibrosis and severe liver damage play important roles in the pathogenesis of BQrelatedHCC, which could be aggravated by chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C. BQ-cessation programs andprevention of chronic HBV/HCV infection are needed to prevent HCC related to BQ chewing.
HCC,chronic hepatitis B and C,betel quid chewing,risk factor,surrogate markers for hepatic fibrosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28637.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28637_73f089281654f741e79a4c42b03d67af.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Effects of Tissue Factor, PAR-2 and MMP-9 Expression on Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7 Invasion
643
646
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: This study aimed to explore the expression of tissue factor (TF), protease activated receptor-2(PAR-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and influence oninvasiveness. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Stable MCF-7 cells transfected with TF cDNA and with TF ShRNA were established.TF, PAR-2, and MMP-9 protein expression was analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence and invasivenesswas evaluated using a cell invasion test. Effects of an exogenous PAR-2 agonist were also examined. <br/><b>Results</b>: TFprotein expression significantly differed between the TF cDNA and TF ShRNA groups. MMP-9 protein expressionwas significantly correlated with TF protein expression, but PAR-2 protein expression was unaffected. The PAR-2 agonist significantly enhanced MMP-9 expression and slightly increased TF and PAR-2 expression in the TFShRNA group, but did not significantly affect protein expression in MCF-7 cells transfected with TF cDNA. TFand MMP-9 expression was positively correlated with the invasiveness of tumor cells. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: TF, PAR-2,and MMP-9 affect invasiveness of MCF-7 cells. TF may increase MMP-9 expression by activating PAR-2.
breast cancer,Tissue factor,protease activated receptor-2,Matrix metalloproteinase-9
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28638.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28638_0e38ac43e1c300a8d6d3726cd8b3bdbf.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Application of Lobaplatin in Trans-catheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Primary Hepatic Carcinoma
647
650
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To explore the efficiency of single application of lobaplatin in tran-scatheter arterialchemoembolization (TACE) for patients with a primary hepatic carcinoma who were unable or unwilling toundergo surgery. <br/><b>Methods</b>: 173 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma diagnosed by imaging or pathology wererandomly divided into experimental and control groups and respectively treated with lobaplatin and pirarubicinhydrochloride as chemotherapeutic drugs for TACE. The amount of iodipin was regulated according to thetumor number and size, and then gelatin sponge or polyvinyl alcohol particles were applied for embolisms. Theefficiency of treatment in the two groups was compared with reference to survival time and therapeutic response.<br/><b>Results</b>: The experimental group (single lobaplatin as chemotherapy drug) was superior to control group (singlepirarubicin hydrochloride as chemotherapy drug) in the aspects of survival time and therapeutic response, withstatistical significance. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Single lobaplatin can be as a chemotherapy drug in TACE and has betterefficiency in the aspects of mean survival time and therapeutic response, deserving to be popularized in the clinic.
Tran-scatheter arterial chemoembolization,primary hepatic carcinoma,lobaplatin,survival rate
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28639.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28639_3ac47c39a92164103d2394ca2ad049f0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Distribution of HPV Genotypes in Cervical Cancer in Multiethnic Malaysia
651
656
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cervical cancer is the third commonest type of cancer among women in Malaysia. Our aim wasto determine the distribution of human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes in cervical cancer in our multi-ethnicpopulation. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This was a multicentre study with a total of 280 cases of cervical cancer from4 referral centres in Malaysia, studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection of 12 highrisk-HPV genotypes. <br/><b>Results</b>: Overall HPV was detected in 92.5% of cases, in 95.9% of squamous cell carcinomasand 84.3%of adenocarcinomas. The five most prevalent high-risk HPV genotypes were HPV 16 (68.2%), 18 (40%),58 (10.7%), 33 (10.4%) and 52 (10.4%). Multiple HPV infections were more prevalent (55.7%) than single HPVinfections (36.8%). The percentage of HPV positive cases in Chinese, Malays and Indians were 95.5%, 91.9%and 80.0%, respectively. HPV 16 and 18 genotypes were the commonest in all ethnic groups. We found that thepercentage of HPV 16 infection was significantly higher in Chinese (75.9%) compared to Malays (63.7%) andIndians (52.0%) (p<0.05), while HPV 18 was significantly higher in Malays (52.6%) compared to Chinese (25.0%)and Indians (28%) (p<0.05). Meanwhile, HPV 33 (17.9%) and 52 (15.2%) were also more commonly detectedin the Chinese (p<0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This study showed that the distribution of HPV genotype in Malaysia issimilar to other Asian countries. Importantly, we found that different ethnic groups in Malaysia have differentHPV genotype infection rates, which is a point to consider during the implementation of HPV vaccination.
cervical cancer,distribution of HPV,human papillomavirus,HPV genotyping,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28640.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28640_efc11001ae3bdc3d2ce7ba6b9978ace5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Relationships between EGFR Mutation Status of Lung Cancer and Preoperative Factors - Are they Predictive?
657
662
EN
<b>Background:</b> The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status of lung cancer is importantbecause it means that EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment is indicated. The purpose of this prospectivestudy is to determine whether EGFR mutation status could be identified with reference to preoperative factors.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: One hundred-forty eight patients with lung cancer (111 adenocarcinomas, 25 squamouscell carcinomas and 12 other cell types) were enrolled in this study. The EGFR mutation status of each lungcancer was analyzed postoperatively. <br/><b>Results</b>: There were 58 patients with mutant EGFR lung cancers (mutantLC) and 90 patients with wild-type EGFR lung cancers (wild-type LC). There were significant differences ingender, smoking status, maximum tumor diameter in chest CT, type of tumor shadow, clinical stage betweenmutant LC and wild-type LC. EGFR mutations were detected only in adenocarcinomas. Maximum standardizeduptake value (SUVmax:3.66±4.53) in positron emission tomography-computed tomography of mutant LC wassignificantly lower than that (8.26±6.11) of wild-type LC (p<0.0001). Concerning type of tumor shadow, thepercentage of mutant LC was 85.7% (6/7) in lung cancers with pure ground glass opacity (GGO), 65.3%(32/49)in lung cancers with mixed GGO and 21.7%(20/92) in lung cancers with solid shadow (p<0.0001). For the resultsof discriminant analysis, type of tumor shadow (p=0.00036) was most significantly associated with mutant EGFR.Tumor histology (p=0.0028), smoking status (p=0.0051) and maximum diameter of tumor shadow in chest CT(p=0.047) were also significantly associated with mutant EGFR. The accuracy for evaluating EGFR mutationstatus by discriminant analysis was 77.0% (114/148). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Mutant EGFR is significantly associatedwith lung cancer with pure or mixed GGO, adenocarcinoma, never-smoker, smaller tumor diameter in chestCT. Preoperatively, EGFR mutation status can be identified correctly in about 77 % of lung cancers.
Lung cancer,EGFR mutation,ground glass opacity,discriminant Analysis,PET-CT
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28641.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28641_11480a49baf50470d786b8ea365e706b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Bayesian Method for Modeling Male Breast Cancer Survival Data
663
669
EN
<b>Background:</b> With recent progress in health science administration, a huge amount of data has been collectedfrom thousands of subjects. Statistical and computational techniques are very necessary to understand suchdata and to make valid scientific conclusions. The purpose of this paper was to develop a statistical probabilitymodel and to predict future survival times for male breast cancer patients who were diagnosed in the USA during1973-2009. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A random sample of 500 male patients was selected from the SurveillanceEpidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The survival times for the male patients were used to derivethe statistical probability model. To measure the goodness of fit tests, the model building criterions: AkaikeInformation Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and Deviance Information Criteria (DIC)were employed. A novel Bayesian method was used to derive the posterior density function for the parametersand the predictive inference for future survival times from the exponentiated Weibull model, assuming that theobserved breast cancer survival data follow such type of model. The Markov chain Monte Carlo method wasused to determine the inference for the parameters. <br/><b>Results</b>: The summary results of certain demographic andsocio-economic variables are reported. It was found that the exponentiated Weibull model fits the male survivaldata. Statistical inferences of the posterior parameters are presented. Mean predictive survival times, 95%predictive intervals, predictive skewness and kurtosis were obtained. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The findings will hopefullybe useful in treatment planning, healthcare resource allocation, and may motivate future research on breastcancer related survival issues.
Breast cancer survival data,statistical inference,Bayesian inference,exponentiated exponential
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28642.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28642_ba49f50e7dfc51c38faa1be58933c801.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Cervical Cancer Screening and Analysis of Potential Risk Factors in 43,567 Women in Zhongshan, China
671
676
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: The objective of this study was to establish a program model for use in wide-spread cervical cancerscreening. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Cervical cancer screening was conducted in Zhongshan city in Guangdong province, Chinathrough a coordinated network of multiple institutes and hospitals. A total of 43,567 women, 35 to 59 years ofage, were screened during regular gynecological examinations using the liquid-based ThinPrep cytology test(TCT). Patients who tested positive were recalled for further treatment. <br/><b>Results</b>: The TCT-positive rate was3.17%, and 63.4% of these patients returned for follow-up. Pathology results were positive for 30.5% of therecalled women. Women who were younger than 50 years of age, urban dwelling, low-income, had a history ofcervical disease, began having sex before 20 years of age, or had sex during menstruation, were at elevated riskfor a positive TCT test. The recall rate was lower in women older than 50 years of age, urban dwelling, poorlyeducated, and who began having sex early. A higher recall rate was found in women 35 years of age and younger,urban dwelling, women who first had sex after 24 years of age, and women who had sex during menstruation.The positive pathology rate was higher in urban women 50 years of age and younger and women who testedpositive for human papillomavirus. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: An effective model for large-scale cervical cancer screening wassuccessfully established. These results suggest that improvements are needed in basic education regarding cervicalcancer screening for young and poorly educated women. Improved outreach for follow-up is also necessary toeffectively control cervical cancer.
ASC-US,cervical cancer screen,CIN,HPV,ThinPrep cytology test,China
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28643.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28643_e2236b6e7b288621e62d4839abe61ce6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Resveratrol Inhibits Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma Cell Proliferation via AMP-activated Protein Kinase Signaling
677
682
EN
Resveratrol has been examined in several model systems for potential effects against cancer. Adenosinemonophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is reported to suppress proliferation in most eukaryocytecells. Whether resveratrol via AMPK inhibits proliferation of oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells (OAC) isunknown. The aim of this study was to determine the roles of AMPK in the protective effects of resveratrol inOAC proliferation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Treatment of cultured OAC derived from humansubjects or cell lines with resveratrol resulted in decreased cell proliferation. Further, inhibition of AMPK bypharmacological reagent or genetical approach abolished resveratrol-suppressed OAC proliferation, reduced thelevel of p27Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and increased the levels of S-phase kinase-associated protein2 (Skp2) of p27Kip1-E3 ubiquitin ligase and 26S proteasome activity reduced by resveratrol. Furthermore, genesilencing of p27Kip1 reversed resveratrol-suppressed OAC proliferation. In conclusion, these findings indicatethat resveratrol inhibits Skp2–mediated ubiquitylation and 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of p27Kip1via AMPK activation to suppress OAC proliferation.
AMPK,Resveratrol,oesophageal adenocarcinoma,p27Kip1,Proliferation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28644.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28644_52dbf0586d5c184419510424396213c4.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Clinical Value of Dual-phase 18F-FDG SPECT with Serum Procalcitonin for Identification of Etiology in Tumor Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin
683
686
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: The purpose of the study was to evaluate clinical value of dual-phase 18F-FDG SPECT withserum procalcitonin (PCT) in identifying cancers in patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO). <br/><b>Methods</b>:PCT test and dual-phase 18F-FDG SPECT were sequentially performed on 50 consecutive patients with FUO.Two radiologists evaluated all 18F-FDG SPECT data independently. A consensus was reached if any differenceof opinions existed. Final diagnosis was based on a comprehensive analysis of results for the PCT test, dualphase18F-FDG SPECT and bacterial cultivation, regarded as a gold standard. <br/><b>Results</b>: Among 50 patients, 34demonstrated PCT ≥ 0.5 μg/L. Coincidence imaging showed in 37 patients with inflammatory lesions, and 13 withmalignancy. Finally, 36 bacterial, 1 fungal and 1 viral infections, as well as 12 cancerous fevers were confirmed bydual-phase 18F-FDG SPECT with PCT, combined with bacterial cultivation and clinical follow-up. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>:Our study demonstrated that dual-phase 18F-FDG SPECT in association with PCT could be a valuable tool fordiagnosis in tumor patients with FUO.
Tumor cases,fever of unknown origin,prediction,FDG SPECT,serum procalcitonin
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28645.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28645_cb148ae8ccc99da9d0f509365ab17813.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Single Center Experience on Causes of Cancer Patients Visiting the Emergency Department in Southwest Turkey
687
690
EN
<b>Background:</b> Emergency departments are visited by cancer patients for palliation of cancer-related symptoms,management of treatment-related side effects, oncologic emergencies, co-morbidities, and/or end of life care.In this study, we aimed to identify the characteristics of cancer patients admitted to an emergency medicinedepartment in Southwest Turkey. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In this retrospective descriptive study, a total of304 emergency department admissions of 102 patients with cancer due to medical conditions were evaluated.Descriptive statistical methods, statistical analysis for correlation, Student’s t-test, chi-square tests and logisticregression test were used. <br/><b>Results</b>: The majority of patients visiting to emergency departments were male (n=66,65%) and over 65 years of age (53, 52%). Some 30% (n=31) had a lung cancer diagnosis, 32% (n=33) presentationwith dyspnea, 53% (n=55) with metastasis, 30% (n=16) with multiple metastatic lesions in lung, and 68% (n=70)had a poor ECOG performance status (score 3 to 4). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Emergency departments have valuable rolesin managing and caring for patients with malignancies.
cancer patients,Emergency Service,palliative care,Lung cancer
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28646.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28646_cf223b4633876bdb54112320731fc520.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Impact of Tumor Length on Survival for Patients with Resected Esophageal Cancer
691
694
EN
<b>Background:</b> Tumor length in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) has recently received great attention.However, its prognostic role for EC is controversial. The purpose of our study was to characterize the prognosticvalue of tumor length in EC patients and offer the optimum cut-off point of tumor length by reliable statisticalmethods. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 71 consecutive patients with ECwho underwent surgery. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off point for tumor length,measured with a handheld ruler after formalin fixation. Correlations between tumor length and other factorswere surveyed, and overall survival (OS) rates were compared between the two groups. Potential prognosticfactors were evaluated by univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. A P value less than 0.05 was consideredsignificant. <br/><b>Results</b>: There were a total of 71 patients, with a male/ female divide of 43/28 and a median age of59. Characteristics were as follows: squamous/adenocarcinoma, 65/6; median tumor length, 4 (0.9–10); cut-offpoint for tumor length, 4cm. Univariate analysis prognostic factors were tumor length and modality of therapy.One, three and five year OS rates were 84, 43 and 43% for tumors with ≤4cm length, whereas the rates were75, 9 and 0% for tumors >4 cm. There was a significant association between tumor length and age, sex, weightloss, tumor site, histology, T and N scores, differentiation, stage, modality of therapy and longitudinal margininvolvement. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Future studies for modification of the EC staging system might consider tumor lengthtoo as it is an important prognostic factor. Further assessment with larger prospective datasets and practicalmethods (such as endoscopy) is needed to establish an optimal cut-off point for tumor length.
survival,Esophageal Cancer,tumor length,ROC curve,postoperative chemo radiotherapy,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28647.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28647_c373a9976e259c4fc477dc45652efdff.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Observational Study on Patient’s Satisfactions and Quality of Life (QoL) Among Cancer Patients Receiving Treatment with Palliative Care Intent in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia
695
701
EN
The main objective of palliative treatment for cancer patients has been to maintain, if not improve, the qualityof life (QoL). There is a lack of local data on satisfaction and QoL among cancer patients receiving palliativetreatment in Malaysia. This study covers patients with incurable, progressive cancer disease receiving palliativetreatment in a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, comparing the different components of QoL and correlationswith patient satisfaction. A cross-sectional survey using Malay validated SF36 QoL and PSQ-18 (Short Form)tools was carried out between July 2012 -January 2013 with 120 cancer patients receiving palliative treatment,recruited into the study after informed consent using convenient sampling. Results showed that highest satisfactionwere observed in Communication Aspect (50.6±9.07) and the least in General Satisfaction (26.4±5.90). TheMental Component Summary (44.9±6.84) scored higher when compared with the Physical Component Summary(42.2±7.91). In this study, we found that patient satisfaction was strongly associated with good quality of lifeamong cancer patients from a general satisfaction aspect (r=0.232). A poor significant negative correlation wasfound in Physical Component (technical quality, r=-0.312). The Mental Component showed there was a poornegative correlation between time spent with doctor (r=-0.192) and accessibility, (r=-0.279). We found that feelingat peace and having a sense of meaning in life were more important to patients than being active or achievinggood physical comfort. More studyis needed to investigate patients who score poorly on physical and mentalcomponent aspects to understand their needs in order to achieve better cancer care.
palliative care,terminal cancer,Quality of Life,Patients’ Satisfaction,PSQ,SF36
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28648.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28648_3d9be7895251eefb608fc4435cf5a507.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Safety and Efficacy of Sequential Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization and Portal Vein Embolization prior to Major Hepatectomy for Patients with HCC
703
706
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of sequential transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)and portal vein embolization (PVE) before major hepatectomy for patients with hepatocellur carcinoma (HCC).<br/><b>Methods</b>: In this retrospective case-control study, data were collected from patients who underwent sequentialTACE and PVE prior to major hemihepactectomy. Liver volumes were measured by computed tomographyvolumetry before TACE, and preoperation to assess degree of future remnant liver (FRL) hypertrophy and tocheck whether intro- or extrohepatic metastasis existed. Liver function was monitored by biochemistry afterTACE, prior to and after major hepatectomy. <br/><b>Results</b>: Mean average FRL volume increased 32.3-71.4% (mean55.4%) compared with preoperative FRL volume. After TACE, liver enzymes were elevated, but returned tonormal in four weeks. During PVE and resection, no patient had intro- or extrohepatic metastasis. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>:Sequential TACE and PVE is an effective method to improve resection opportunity, expand the scope of surgicalresection, and greatly reduce postoperative intra- and extrahepatic metastasis.
Future liver remnant volume,TACE,PVE,HCC surgery
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28649.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28649_c7223271b9869b6933b3a9e7765b2316.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Outcomes Based on Risk Assessment of Anastomotic Leakage after Rectal Cancer Surgery
707
712
EN
Purpose: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, high reoperation rates,and increased hospital length of stay. Here we investigated the risk factors for AL after anterior resection forrectal cancer with a double stapling technique. Patients and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Data for 460 patients who underwentprimary anterior resection with a double stapling technique for rectal carcinoma at a single institution from2003 to 2007 were prospectively collected. All patients experienced a total mesorectal excision (TME) operation.Clinical AL was defined as the presence of leakage signs and confirmed by diagnostic work-up according toICD-9 codes 997.4, 567.22 (abdominopelvic abscess), and 569.81 (fistula of the intestine). Univariate and logisticregression analyses of 20 variables were undertaken to determine risk factors for AL. Survival was analysedusing the Cox regression method. <br/><b>Results</b>: AL was noted in 35 (7.6%) of 460 patients with rectal cancer. Medianage of the patients was 65 (50–74) and 161 (35%) were male. The diagnosis of AL was made between the 6thand 12th postoperative day (POD; mean 8th POD). After univariate and multivariate analysis, age (p=0.004),gender (p=0.007), tumor site (p<0.001), preoperative body mass index (BMI) (p<0.001), the reduction of TSGF on5th POD less than 10U/ml (p=0.044) and the pH value of pelvic dranage less than or equal to 6.978 on 3rd POD(p<0.001) were selected as 6 independent risk factors for AL. It was shown that significant differences in survivalof the patients were AL-related (p<0.001), high ASA score related (p=0.036), high-level BMI related (p=0.007)and advanced TNM stage related (p<0.001). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: AL after anterior resection for rectal carcinoma isrelated to advanced age, low tumor site, male sex, high preoperative BMI, low pH value of pelvic drainage onPOD 3 and a significant reduction of TSGF on POD 5. In addition to their high risk of immediate postoperativemorbidity and mortality, AL, worse physical status, severe obesity and advanced TNM stage have similarlynegative impact on survival.
rectal cancer,anastomotic leak,Survival Analysis,anterior resection
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28650.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28650_3f7450d59ddde6ef37a1f8edc53bc591.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Does HBV Infection Increase Risk of Endometrial Carcinoma?
713
716
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: Connections between chronic inflammation and tumor development and progression are nowgenerally accepted. Recent evidence indicates that hepatitis B is associated with several types of cancer, butwhether endometrial carcinoma (EC) is included has not been reported. <br/><b>Methods</b>: We analyzed HBV serummarker status in 398 patients with endometrial cancer, comparing them to 788 control women undergoing healthexamination. <br/><b>Results</b>: The total prevalence of HBsAg tested positive in cancer group was significantly higherthan the control group (12.8% vs 6.0%, P=0.001), while positive HBsAb was significantly lower (41.2% vs 68.5%,P=0.001). Hepatitis B carriers in endometrial cancer group were also more frequent than in the control group(9.3% vs 5.5%, P=0.013). Interestingly, in the endometrial cancer group, 147 cases were HBV serum markernegative, which was also higher than in the control group (36.9% vs 15.6%, P=0.001). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: There maybe a correlation between HBV infection and endometrial carcinoma.
endometrial carcinoma,Hepatitis B,Serum markers
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28651.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28651_db2d26f83acf1f1a8be0c713d7f43cbc.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
p53 Codon 72 Polymorphism Interactions with Dietary and Tobacco Related Habits and Risk of Stomach Cancer in Mizoram, India
717
723
EN
<b>Background:</b> This study was carried out to investigate the interaction of p53 codon 72 polymorphism, dietaryand tobacco habits with reference to risk of stomach cancer in Mizoram, India. A total of 105 histologicallyconfirmed stomach cancer cases and 210 age, sex and ethnicity matched healthy population controls wereincluded in this study. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The p53 codon 72 polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLPand sequencing. H. pylori infection status was determined by ELISA. Information on various dietary and tobaccorelated habits was recorded with a standard questionnaire. <br/><b>Results</b>: This study revealed that overall, the Pro/Pro genotype was significantly associated with a higher risk of stomach cancer (OR, 2.54; 95%CI, 1.01-6.40) ascompared to the Arg/Arg genotype. In gender stratified analysis, the Pro/Pro genotype showed higher risk (OR,7.50; 95%CI, 1.20-47.0) than the Arg/Arg genotype among females. Similarly, the Pro/Pro genotype demonstratedhigher risk of stomach cancer (OR, 6.30; 95%CI, 1.41-28.2) among older people (>60 years). However, no suchassociations were observed in males and in individuals <60 years of age. Smoke dried fish and preserved meat(smoke dried/sun dried) consumers were at increased risk of stomach cancer (OR, 4.85; 95%CI, 1.91-12.3and OR, 4.22; 95%CI, 1.46-12.2 respectively) as compared to non-consumers. Significant gene-environmentinteractions exist in terms of p53 codon 72 polymorphism and stomach cancer in Mizoram. Tobacco smokerswith Pro/Pro and Arg/Pro genotypes were at higher risk of stomach cancer (OR, 16.2; 95%CI, 1.72-153.4 andOR, 9.45; 95%CI, 1.09-81.7 respectively) than the non-smokers Arg/Arg genotype carriers. The combination oftuibur user and Arg/Pro genotype also demonstrated an elevated risk association (OR, 4.76; 95%CI, 1.40-16.21).<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In conclusion, this study revealed that p53 codon 72 polymorphism and dietary and tobacco habitinteractions influence stomach cancer development in Mizoram, India.
Stomach cancer - p53 codon 72 polymorphism - risk habits - gene-environment interactions - Mizoram,India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28652.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28652_e7fff945e75fad88dcd968c8875b50be.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Responsibilities and Difficulties of Caregivers of Cancer Patients in Home Care
725
729
EN
<b>Background:</b> Having been known as a virulent disease in 1970s, cancer is now onsidered a chronic diseaseand 64% of cancer patients live for five years after diagnosis. Home care has gradually gained more importanceand it is a great burden on the shoulders of caregivers. Caregivers have to undertake the responsibility of thecancer patient’s home management, and organize care and arrange health care services according to the everchangingcondition of patients. Caregivers should be prepared for home care so they can provide accurate andcomplete care to patients. This descriptive study aims to investigate challenges that caregivers encounter in thehome care of patients and the reasons for these challenges. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The research group consistedof caregivers of outpatients in a daily treatment center in a university hospital. The research sampling consistedof 137 voluntary caregivers of patients who attended the Daily Treatment Center for control, chemotherapy orother supportive cares services between January-June, 2011. Data were collected with face-to-face interviewsin the Daily Treatment Center. Ethics Committee approval was taken university hospital; caregivers and theirpatients were informed about the research and their approval was taken as well. <br/><b>Results</b>: It was found that 54.01%of caregivers help patient’s nutrition, 50.36% help medicine use, 26.28% help oral hygiene, 26.28% help to meeturinary needs and 51.82% help to change clothes, 69.34% of caregivers help to change bed sheets, 38.69% helpthe patient to communicate with their environment and 71.53% help to bring the patient to hospital or outside.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This study, it was found that caregivers experience challenges due to following factors: patientnutrition, medicine use, oral and body hygiene, colostomy maintenance and stomach tube feeding, concern ofdropping the patient, feeling incompetency in body temperature and fever control, fatigue, and lack of personaltime.
Responsibilitie,difficulties of caregivers,cancer patients,in home care
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28653.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28653_ec0b64479658da59be1559af9705a2e0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Randomized Control Study of Nedaplatin or Cisplatin Concomitant with Other Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
731
736
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To observe the short-term efficacy, long-term survival time and adverse responses with nedaplatin(NDP) or cisplatin (DDP) concomitant with other chemotherapy in treating non-small cell lung cancer. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: A retrospective, randomized, control study was conducted, in which 619 NSCLC patients in phasesⅢ and Ⅳ who were initially treated and re-treated were randomly divided into an NDP group (n=294) and a DDPgroup (n=325), the latter being regarded as controls. Chemotherapeutic protocols (CP/DP/GP/NP/TP) containingNDP or DDP were given to both groups. Patients in both groups were further divided to evaluate the clinicalefficacies according to initial and re-treatment stage, pathological pattern, type of combined chemotherapeuticprotocols, tumor stage and surgery. <br/><b>Results</b>: The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR)in the NDP group were 48.6% and 95.2%, significantly higher than in the DDP group at 35.1% and 89.2%,respectively (P<0.01). In NSCLC patients with initial treatment, squamous carcinoma and phase Ⅲ, there weresignificant differences in ORR and DCR between the groups (P<0.05), while ORR was significant in patients withadenocarcinoma, GP/TP and in phase Ⅲa (P<0.05). There was also a significant difference in DCR in patientsin phase Ⅲb (P<0.05). According to the statistical analysis of survival time of all patients and of those in clinicalphase Ⅲ, the NDP group survived significantly longer than the DDP group (P<0.01). The rates of decreasedhemoglobin and increased creatinine, nausea and vomiting in the NDP group were evidently lower than in DDPgroup (P<0.05). <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: NDP concomitant with other chemotherapy is effective for treating NSCLC, withhigher clinical efficacy than DDP concomitant with chemotherapy, with advantages in prolonging survival timeand reducing toxic and adverse responses.
nedaplatin,Cisplatin,non-small cell lung cancer,Chemotherapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28654.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28654_4840902f3840d0ff92c340d31864b8f9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Effect of Grape Procyanidins on Tumor Angiogenesis in Liver Cancer Xenograft Models
737
741
EN
<b>Background:</b> In recent years a wide variety of flavonoids or polyphenolic substances have been reported topossess substantial anti-carcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. Grape proanthocyanidins (GPC) are consideredas good examples for which there is evidence of potential roles as anti-carcinogenic agents. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A xenograftmodel was established using H22 cells subcutaneously injected into mice and used to assess different concentrationsof grape proanthocyanidins (GPC) and Endostar. Treatments were maintained for 10 days, then levels of vascularendothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) were examined by immunohistochemistry,while VEGF mRNA was determined by real-time PCR in tumor tissue. <br/><b>Results</b>: The expression of MVD andVEGF decreased gradually as the concentration of GPC increased.There was a significant positive correlationbetween MVD and VEGF. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: These results suggest that GPC restrains the growth of tumor, possiblyby inhibiting tumour angiogenesis.
Grape proanthocyanidins,HCC cells,Angiogenesis,microvessel density,VEGF
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28655.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28655_61d1e42b41e65551f140a52865411401.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Mechanisms of Hela Cell Apoptosis Induced by Abnormal Savda Munziq Total Phenolics Combined with Chemotherapeutic Agents
743
747
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To investigate the effects of abnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq) total phenolics combined withcisplatin and docetaxel on the Hela cell growth. <br/><b>Methods</b>: In vivo cultured Hela cells were treated with cisplatin,docetaxel, total phenolics, cisplatin+total phenolics or docetaxel+total phenolics. MTT was performed to assessinhibition of cell proliferation, flow cytometry to detect apoptosis, and semi-quantitative RT-PCR to test forsurvivin and Bcl-2 expression. <br/><b>Results</b>: The total phenolics, cisplatin and docetaxel had significant inhibitory andapoptosis-promoting effects on Hela cells (P<0.05), with the early apoptotic rates of 12.8±0.70%, 18.9±3.79%and 15.8±3.8)%; the total phenolics, cisplatin and docetaxel significantly decreased the expression of Bcl-2 andsurvivin (all P<0.01), especially when used in combination. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: ASMq total phenolics, combined withcisplatin and docetaxel, could promote the apoptosis of Hela cells possibly through reducing the expression ofBcl-2 and survivin.
Abnormal Savda Munziq total phenolics,HeLa cells,Apoptosis,BCL-2 Gene,Survivin
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28656.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28656_76633802d349034d2a9f79332dbca759.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Purple Rice Extract Supplemented Diet Reduces DMHInduced Aberrant Crypt Foci in the Rat Colon by Inhibition of Bacterial β-Glucuronidase
749
755
EN
<b>Background:</b> Purple rice has become a natural product of interest which is widely used for health promotion.This study investigated the preventive effect of purple rice extract (PRE) mixed diet on DMH initiation of coloncarcinogenesis. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Rats were fed with PRE mixed diet one week before injection of DMH(40 mg/kg of body weight once a week for 2 weeks). They were killed 12 hrs after a second DMH injection tomeasure the level of O6-methylguanine and xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities. <br/><b>Results</b>: In rats thatreceived PRE, guanine methylation was reduced in the colonic mucosa, but not in the liver, whereas PRE did notaffect xenobiotic conjugation, with reference to glutathione-S-transferase or UDP-glucuronyl transferase. After5 weeks, rats that received PRE with DMH injection had fewer ACF in the colon than those treated with DMHalone. Interestingly, a PRE mixed diet inhibited the activity of bacterial β-glucuronidase in rat feces, a criticalenzyme for free methylazoxymethanol (MAM) release in the rat colon. These results indicated that purple riceextract inhibited β-glucuronidase activity in the colonic lumen, causing a reduction of MAM-induced colonicmucosa DNA methylation, leaded to decelerated formation of aberrant crypt foci in the rat colon. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:The supplemented purple rice extract might thus prevent colon carcinogenesis by the alteration of the colonicenvironment, and thus could be further developed for neutraceutical products for colon cancer prevention.
Colon cancer,purple rice extract,aberrant crypt foci,β-glucuronidase,dimethyl hydrazine
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28657.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28657_954a9a0bae3e5e92b4b54e2c575116c2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Prevalence of Potentially Malignant Oral Mucosal Lesions among Tobacco Users in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
757
762
EN
Smoking is recognized as a health problem worldwide and there is an established tobacco epidemic in SaudiArabia as in many other countries, with tobacco users at increased risk of developing many diseases. This crosssectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal, potentially malignant or malignant,lesions associated with tobacco use among a stratified cluster sample of adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A samplesize of 599 was collected and each participant underwent clinical conventional oral examination and filled aquestionnaire providing information on demographics, tobacco use and other relevant habits. The most commonform of tobacco used was cigarette smoking (65.6 %) followed by Shisha or Moasel (38.1%), while chewingtobacco, betel nuts and gat accounted for 21-2%, 7.7%, and 5% respectively. A high prevalence (88.8%) of softtissue lesions was found among the tobacco users examined, and a wide range of lesions were detected, about50% having hairy tongue, 36% smoker’s melanosis, 28.9% stomatitis nicotina, 27% frictional keratosis, 26.7%fissured tongue, 26% gingival or periodontal inflammation and finally 20% leukodema. Suspicious potentiallymalignant lesions affected 10.5% of the subjects, most prevalent being keratosis (6.3%), leukoplakia (2.3%),erythroplakia (0.7%), oral submucous fibrosis (0.5%) and lichenoid lesions (0.4%), these being associated withmale gender, lower level of education, presence of diabetes and a chewing tobacco habit. It is concluded thatsmoking was associated with a wide range of oral mucosal lesions , those suspicious for malignancy being linkedwith chewable forms, indicating serious effects.
Prevalence,mucosal soft tissue lesions,potentially malignant lesions,tobacco users
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28658.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28658_40628bde9139dcefd0a532bc0bfb6b60.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Equivocal Association of RAD51 Polymorphisms with Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Chinese Population
763
767
EN
Aim: To study the contribution of genetic variation in RAD51 to risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). <br/><b>Methods</b>: Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RAD51 (rs1801320, rs4144242 andrs4417527) were genotyped in 316 ESCC patients and 316 healthy controls in Anyang area of China using PCRRFLP(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Demographic variables betweencases and controls were statistically compared by T test and Chi-square test. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium wasevaluated by the Chi-square test. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated tomeasure any association with ESCC. Haplotype frequencies were estimated by Phase 2.1. <br/><b>Result</b>: The genotypefrequencies of rs1801320, rs4144242 and rs4417527 in patients with ESCC demonstrated no significant differencesfrom those in control group (P>0.05). When the haplotypes of these three SNPs were constructed and theirrelationships with ESCC risk investigated, however, CGG was observed to increase the risk (P=0.020, OR=2.289). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: There was no association between the three SNPs of RAD51 and ESCC susceptibility in ourChinese population. However, the CGG haplotype might be a risk factor.
RAD51,Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,genetic polymorphisms
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28659.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28659_6ae09c394df265d3b5f1f22ece03ed0b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Fangchinoline Inhibits Cell Proliferation Via Akt/GSK-3beta/cyclin D1 Signaling and Induces Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells
769
773
EN
Fangchinoline (Fan) inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. The effectsof Fan on cell growth and proliferation in breast cancer cells remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that Faninhibited cell proliferation in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line through suppression of the AKT/Gsk-3beta/cyclin D1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, Fan induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bax(relative to Bcl-2), active caspase 3 and cytochrome-c. Fan significantly inhibited cell proliferation of MDAMB-231 cells in a concentration and time dependent manner as determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometryanalysis demonstrated that Fan treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase,which correlated with apparent downregulation of both mRNA and protein levels of both PCNA and cyclin D1.Further analysis demonstrated that Fan decreased the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3beta. In addition, Fanup-regulated active caspase3, cytochrome-c protein levels and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, accompanied by apoptosis.Taken together, these results suggest that Fan is a potential natural product for the treatment of breast cancer.
Fangchinoline,Proliferation,CyclinD1,Apoptosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28660.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28660_3792be4edfb118181ab762f180d8d7c6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Low Counts of γδ T Cells in Peritumoral Liver Tissue are Related to More Frequent Recurrence in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Resection
775
780
EN
<br/><b>Objectives</b>: TCR- gamma-delta + T cells (γδ T cells) are non-conventional T lymphocytes that can recognize anderadicate tumor cells. Our previous studies showed that infiltration and function of γδ T cells were substantiallyattenuated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, their prognostic value was not clarified. <br/><b>Methods</b>:The association between γδ T cells and the clinical outcomes was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC)in a HCC patient cohort (n = 342). <br/><b>Results</b>:Immunohistochemistry showed decreased infiltration of γδ T cellsin tumoral tissues compared with paired peritumoral tissues. The counts of γδ T cells in peritumoral tissueswere negatively correlated with tumor size (P = 0.005). Survival analysis showed that the levels of peritumoralγδ T cells were related to both time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.010 and P = 0.036,respectively) in univariate analysis, and related to TTR in multivariate analysis (P = 0.014, H.R. [95% CI] =0.682 [0.502-0.927]). Furthermore, the level of peritumoral γδ T cells showed independent prognostic value forTTR in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A patients (P = 0.038, H.R. [95% CI] = 0.727 [0.537-0.984]).However, tumoral γδ T cells did not show independent prognostic value for either TTR or OS in HCC patients.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Low counts of γδ T cells in peritumoral liver tissue are related to a higher incidence of recurrencein HCC and can predict postoperative recurrence, especially in those with early-stage HCC.
γδ T cells,Hepatocellular carcinoma,Prognosis,Recurrence
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28661.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28661_0c1b380b3a1aa373b657d487e22f80f6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Maternal Factors and Risk of Childhood Leukemia
781
784
EN
<b>Background:</b> Although the cause in most cases of childhood leukemia is not known, the contribution ofenvironmental risk factors in the context of genetic predisposition has been reported with inconsistent results.The aim of this study was to examine association of childhood leukemia with maternal factors especially duringpregnancy, to help in avoiding risk factors. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This case-control study included childrenyounger than 18 years diagnosed with leukemia from 2008 to 2012. Controls were randomly selected andindividually matched to cases with respect to age, sex, and residency. All variables were compared between casesand control to determine any significant association with leukemia. <br/><b>Results</b>: Statistically significant associationsbetween risk of childhood leukemia with mother’s education (p=0.001), occupation (p=0.0005) and pesticidesexposure (p=0.005) during pregnancy were found. However, there were no significant links with maternal age(p=0.090), history of fetal loss (0.85), history of radiography during pregnancy (p=0.400), history of drug intake(p=0.689) and infection (p=0.696) during pregnancy. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results showed increased risk of leukemiain children whose mothers were working in agriculture and were exposed to pesticides during pregnancy. Thefurther study needs to be investigated to know association of various maternal risk factors with leukemia whichremained unknown in this study.
childhood leukemia,maternal factors,pesticide exposure during pregnancy,Occupation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28662.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28662_6730347dd1d141d96e7a330341e3d18f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Anticancer Properties of Teucrium persicum in PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells
785
791
EN
Crude extracts or phytochemicals obtained from some plants have potential anti-cancer properties. Teucriumpersicum is an Iranian endemic plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family which has traditionally been used torelieve abdominal pains. However, the anti-cancer properties of this species of the Teucrium genus have notbeen investigated previously. In this study, we have used a highly invasive prostate cancer cell line, PC-3, whichis an appropriate cell system to study anti-tumor properties of plants. A methanolic extract obtained from Tpersicum potently inhibited viability of PC-3 cells. The viability of SW480 colon and T47D breast cancer cellswas also significantly decreased in the presence of the T persicum extract. Flow cytometry suggested that thereduction of cell viability was due to induction of apoptosis. In addition, the results of wound healing andgelatin zymography experiments supported anti-cell invasion activity of T persicum. Interestingly, sublethalconcentrations of T persicum extract induced an epithelial-like morphology in a subpopulation of cells with anincrease in E-Cadherin and β-Catenin protein levels at the cell membrane. These results strongly suggest thatT persicum is a plant with very potent anti-tumor activity
Teucrium persicum,PC-3 cells- epithelioid morphology,anti-tumor activity
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28663.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28663_1ebf8a7bc7f7d00af42a94f75e665486.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Possible Effect of Implementing a National Query Program on Site-Specific Cancer Mortality Rates in Taiwan
793
796
EN
<b>Background:</b> This study aimed to examine possible effects of implementing a national query program onsite-specific cancer mortality rates. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 2,874 query letters were sent out by theDepartment of Statistics, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan between January 2009 and December 2011to medical certifiers who reported “neoplasm with uncertain nature” on the death certificate asking for moredetailed information for coding. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of the 2,571 responses, in 1,398 cases (54%) medical certifiers werestill unable to determine the nature of the neoplasm. There were four neoplasm sites for which more than 50%of the responses changed the category to malignant, the gastrointestinal system (73%), urinary system (60%),stomach (55%) and rectum (53%). The liver was the cancer site that showed the largest absolute increase in thenumber of deaths after the query; however, the brain showed the largest relative increase, at 12%. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Different neoplasm sites showed different magnitudes of change in nature after the query. Brain cancer mortalityrates exhibited the largest increase.
Cause of Death,death certificate,mortality,neoplasm,query
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28664.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28664_ca916fb1be59e70dfde92f891311f43d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Cellular Mechanisms of a New Pyrazinone Compound that Induces Apoptosis in SKOV-3 Cells
797
802
EN
We screened a small molecular library that was designed and independently synthesized in vitro and founda new drug (MY-03-01) that is active against ovarian cancer. We established that MY-03-01 effectively inhibitedSKOV-3 cell survival in a dose-dependent manner, based on cell viability rates, and that it not only inducedSKOV-3 apoptosis by itself, but also did so synergistically with paclitaxel. Secondly, when MY-03-01 was appliedat 40 μM, its hemolytic activity was less than 10%, compared with the control, and there was almost no damageto normal cells at this concentration. In addition, we used DAPI staining and flow cytometry to show that MY-03-01 could significantly induce apoptosis of SKOV-3 cells. Finally, we found that MY-03-01 likely inducedSKOV-3 apoptosis by activating caspase3 and caspase9 through the mitochondrial pathway.
Apoptosis,Flow Cytometry,hemolytic activity,Ovarian Cancer,Paclitaxel,small molecular inhibitor
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28665.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28665_fd92c9bb5d9a4966f9b11a065c75440e.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Non-Association of IL-16 rs4778889 T/C Polymorphism with Cancer Risk in Asians: a Meta-analysis
803
805
EN
The IL-16 rs4778889 T/C polymorphism is associated with cancer risk. However, the results are conflicting.We performed this meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. A comprehensiveliterature search was performed using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. Odds ratio (OR) and95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the strength of association. A total of 6 studies including 1,603cases and 2,342 controls were identified. With all studies involved, results showed no statistically significantassociation between IL-16 rs4778889 T/C polymorphism and cancer risk (CC vs. CT+TT: OR=0.74, 95%CI:0.55-1.02, Ph=0.15; CC+CT vs. TT: OR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.72-1.10, Ph =0.03; CC vs. TT: OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.53-1.00, Ph =0.08; CT vs. TT: OR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.79-1.05, Ph =0.08; C vs. T: OR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.74-1.07, Ph =0.02).In addition, the results were not changed when studies were stratified by cancer type. However, to verify ourfindings, it is essential to perform more well-designed studies with larger sample sizes in the future.
IL-16,rs4778889,Polymorphism,cancer,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28666.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28666_c60fee32fa297e3d61350181aac94c99.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Reconsideration of Clinical and Histopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer Patients: A Single Center Experience
807
812
EN
<b>Background:</b> The clinical course of the neoplasm may vary due to both patient and tumor cell characteristics.Aim: The aim of this study was to research the influence of certain clinical and pathological features on theprognosis of early stage breast cancer. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This study included 117 women that were treatedand followed-up in between the years 2001-2011. The demographic, clinical and histopathological features of thecases were reviewed retrospectively. Statistical analysis: In categorical comparisons between groups, cross-tabstatistics were provided and significance levels were estimated using chi-square test. Cox regression analysis,Pearson and Spearman correlation tests, and the Kaplan-Meier test were also used. <br/><b>Results</b>: With an averageof 35-months follow-up, the mean disease-free survival of patients was 91 months and the mean overall survivaltime was 132 months. In the whole study group, the disease-free survival rates were 88, 84, 83 and 52%, while theoverall survival rates 95, 94, 83, and 83% within the first, third, fifth and tenth years, respectively. The diseasefreeand overall survival rates were decreased with increasing tumor grades, though this was not statisticallysignificant. The presence of lymphovascular invasion, positive staining with Ki67 and postmenopausal statuswere associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival times. In multivariate analysis, only age and Her2/neu receptor status influenced the prognosis significantly. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In parallel to clinical, histopathological,and immunohistochemical prognostic features in breast cancer, in this study positive Her2/neu receptor status,a previously accepted poor prognostic factor, was found to have positive influence after trastuzumab treatment.
breast cancer,Prognosis,Receptor,Her2/neu,Biological Markers
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28667.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28667_c04b6b82086ff4392156b5237d44735c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Institutional Experience of Interstitial Brachytherapy for Head and Neck Cancer with a Comparison of High- and Low Dose Rate Practice
813
818
EN
Aims: To describe our institutional experience with high dose rate (HDR) interstitial brachytherapy (IBT)compared with previously reported results on the low dose rate (LDR) practice for head and neck cancer.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Eighty-four patients with oral cavity (n=70) or oropharyngeal cancer (n=14) weretreated with 192Ir HDR-IBT. Seventy-eight patients had stage I or II tumour. The patients treated with IBTalone (n=42) received 39-42 Gy/10-14 fractions (median=40 Gy/10 fractions). With respect to the combinationtherapy group (n=42), prescription dose comprised of 12-18 Gy/3-6 fractions (median=15 Gy/5 fractions) forIBT and 40-50 Gy/20-25 fractions (median=50 Gy/25 fractions) for external radiotherapy. Brachytherapy wasgiven as 2 fractions per day 6 hours apart with 4 Gy per fraction for monotherapy and 3 Gy per fraction forcombination therapy. <br/><b>Results</b>: Four patients were not evaluable in the analysis of outcome. The primary siterelapse rates were 23.8% (10/42) and 68.4% (26/38) in patients treated with IBT alone and combination therapy,respectively (p<0.001). Salvage surgery was performed in 19 patients. The 5-year local control rate was estimatedat 62% and the disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 52% for all patients. Local control with respect to T1 and T2tumours was 84% and 42%, respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our present series on HDR-IBT and the previous reporton LDR-IBT for head and neck cancer demonstrated similar DFS rates at 5 years (52%). The rate of regionalfailure in node-negative patients was <20% in both of our series. HDR-IBT offers similar results to LDR-IBTfor head and neck cancer.
Brachytherapy,head and neck cancer,high dose rate,interstitial radiotherapy,uniform dose
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28668.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28668_1aabe19aeea36a1a288bc50785abe639.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Vitamin D3 and Beta-carotene Deficiency is Associated with Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Results of a Case-control Study in China
819
823
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: The aim was to evaluate roles of vitamin D3 (VD3) and beta-carotene (BC) in the developmentof esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a high-risk area, Huai’an District, Huai’an City, China.<br/><b>Methods</b>: 100 new ESCC diagnosed cases from 2007 to 2008 and 200 residency- age-, and sex-matched healthycontrols were recruited. Data were collected from questionnaires, including a food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) to calculate the BC intake, and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC)was used to measure the serum concentrations of BC and VD3. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were calculated in conditional logistic regression models. <br/><b>Results</b>: The average dietary intake of BC was3322.9 μg (2032.4- 5734.3) in the case group and 3626.8 μg (1961.9-5827.9) in control group per capita per daywith no significant difference by Wilcoxon test (p>0.05). However, the levels of VD3 and BC in the case groupwere significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.05). The OR values of the highest quartile and the lowestquartile of VD3 and BC in serum samples were both 0.13. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our results add to the evidence that highcirculating levels of VD3 and BC are associated with a reduced risk of ESCC in this Chinese population.
Vitamin D3,Beta-Carotene,Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,Case-control study
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28669.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28669_8f984a6711b7e5aa968806a0a2acad83.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
PDCD4 as a Predictor of Sensitivity to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients
825
830
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) expressionin predicting tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and outcomes for patients with locally advancedrectal cancer. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Clinicopathological factors and expression of PDCD4 were evaluated in 92 patientswith LARC treated with nCRT. After the completion of therapy, 4 cases achieved clinical complete response(cCR), and thus the remaining 88 patients underwent a standardized total mesorectal excision procedure.There were 38 patients (41.3%) with a good response (TRG 3-4) and 54 (58.7%) with a poor one (TRG 0-2).<br/><b>Results</b>: Immunohistochemical staining analyses showed that patients with high expression of PDCD4 were moresensitive to nCRT than those with low PDCD4 expression (P=0.02). High PDCD4 expression before nCRT andgood response (TRG3-4) were significantly associated with improved 5-year disease-free survival and 5-yearoverall survival (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the pretreatment PDCD4 expression was anindependent prognostic factor. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Our study demonstrated that high expression of PDCD4 protein isa useful predictive factor for good tumor response to nCRT and good outcomes in patients with LARC.
rectal cancer,programmed cell death 4,neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,Sensitivity,tumor regression
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28670.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28670_fca7dd31bfc2e94e5d82c130da758be8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Predictors of Outcome in Patients with Advanced Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Testicular Tumors
831
835
EN
<b>Background:</b> Predictor factors determining complete response to treatment are still not clearly defined. Weaimed to evaluate clinicopathological features, risk factors, treatment responses, and survival analysis of patientwith advanced nonseminomatous GCTs (NSGCTs). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Between November 1999 andSeptember 2011, 140 patients with stage II and III NSGCTs were referred to our institutions and 125 patientswith complete clinical data were included in this retrospective study. Four cycles of BEP regimen were appliedas a first-line treatment. Salvage chemotherapy and/or high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologousstem cell transplantation were given in patients who progressed after BEP chemotherapy. Post-chemotherapysurgery was performed in selected patients with incomplete radiographic response and normal tumor markers.<br/><b>Results</b>: The median age was 28 years. For the good, intermediate and poor risk groups, compete responserates (CRR) were, 84.6%, 67.9% and 59.4%, respectively. Extragonadal tumors, stage 3 disease, intermediateand poor risk factors, rete testis invasion were associated with worse outcomes. There were 32 patients (25.6%)with non-CR who were treated with salvage treatment. Thirty-one patients died from GCTs and 94% of themhad stage III disease. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Even though response rates are high, some patients with GCTs still needsalvage treatment and cure cannot be achieved. Non-complete response to platinium-based first-line treatmentis a negative prognostic factor. Our study confirmed the need for a prognostic and predictive model and moreeffective salvage approaches.
advanced disease,germ cell tumor,nonseminomatous germ cell tumor,Prognostic factors
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28671.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28671_a96486bacfc2b325ece652de51590361.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Effect of NUCKS-1 Overexpression on Cytokine Profiling in Obese Women with Breast Cancer
837
845
EN
<b>Background:</b> Overweight and obesity are recognized as major drivers of cancers including breast cancer.Several cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and lipocalin 2 (LCN2), as well as dysregulated cellcycle proteins are implicated in breast carcinogenesis. The nuclear, casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinasesubstrate-1 (NUCKS-1), is a nuclear DNA-binding protein that has been implicated in several human cancers,including breast cancer. <br/><b>Objectives</b>: The present study was conducted to evaluate NUCKS-1 mRNA expressionin breast tissue from obese patients with and without breast cancer and lean controls. NUCKS-1 expression wascorrelated to cytokine profiles as prognostic and monitoring tools for breast cancer, providing a molecular basisfor a causal link between obesity and risk. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This study included 39 females with breastcancer (G III) that was furtherly subdivided into two subgroups according to cancer grading (G IIIa and GIIIb) and 10 control obese females (G II) in addition to 10 age-matched healthy lean controls (G I). NUCKS-1expression was studied in breast tissue biopsies by means of real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Serum cytokine profileswere determined by immunoassay. Lipid profiles and glycemic status as well as anthropometric measures werealso recorded for all participants. <br/><b>Results</b>: IL-6, IL-12 and LCN2 were significantly higher in control obeseand breast cancer group than their relevant lean controls (p<0.05), while NUCKS-1 mRNA expression wassignificantly higher in the breast cancer group compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Significant higher levelsof IL-6, IL-12, and LCN2 as well as NUCKS-1 mRNA levels were reported in G IIIb than G IIIa, and positivelycorrelated with obesity markers in all obese patients. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Evaluation of cytokine levels as well as relatedgene expression may provide a new tool for understanding interactions for three axes of carcinogenesis, innateimmunity, inflammation and cell cycling, and hope for new strategies of management.
Obesity,breast cancer,IL-6,IL-12,LCN2,NUCKS-1
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28672.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28672_1a8c0114ef1f4bef37297d125831436f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Association Between VDR Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer: An Updated and Comparative Meta-analysis of Crude and Adjusted Odd Ratios
847
853
EN
There is a lot of debate on the relationship between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and risk of breastcancer. Herein, we quantitatively analyzed the published case-control studies on this relationship by metaanalysis,performing a bibliographic search from Pubmed and CNKI up to July 31, 2013. The included casecontrolstudies for Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, Cdx2 and Poly-A were 16, 19, 20, 10, 4, 6, respectively. Crude andadjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to present and compare the strength of anyassociations. The results of combined analyses indicated that Fok1, Bsm1, Apa1, Cdx2 and Poly-A were notsignificantly associated with the risk of breast cancer. In contrast, the tt genotype of Taq1 was a modest riskfactor for breast cancer development (tt vs. TT: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01-1.44). To further confirm the aboveresults, adjusted effects for the six polymorphisms were pooled based on adjusted ORs reported in the originalstudies. Adjusted ORs of Fok1, Apa1, Cdx2 and Poly-A were similar to the crude ORs. However, Bsm1 and Taq1showed inconsistent results. For Bsm1, OR for BB vs. bb was 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.98; for Taq1, OR for tt vs.TT was 1.03, 95% CI: 0.92-1.15, and not associated with risk. Subgroup analyses for crude ORs showed someassociation between Bsm1, Taq1 and breast cancer in Caucasians only, but for adjusted ORs, no associationswere found. This meta-analysis suggests that the roles that Fok1, Apa1, Cdx2 and Poly-A polymorphisms play inbreast cancer risk are negligible, with Bsm1 and Taq1 as possible exceptions. To be conservative, we still assumedthat they may play a modest role in determining breast cancer risk. Further studies are needed to validate ourfindings.
Vitamin D receptor,Polymorphism,breast cancer,risk,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28673.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28673_2feb8d98c5ab268b19423964e5b15f71.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Shorter Distance Between the Nodule and Capsule has Greater Risk of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
855
860
EN
<b>Background:</b> The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between different sonographic featuresof papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) on high-frequency ultrasound and cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM).Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We enrolled 548 patients who underwent initial surgery for PTC between May 2011 andDecember 2012 in our hospital at diagnosis. The sonographic features of 513 PTC nodules in 513 eligible patients,who had single PTC nodules in their thyroid glands, were retrospectively investigated. All patients with a suspectmalignant nodule (d<0.5cm) among multiple nodules were initially diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) to ascertain if the suspect nodule was PTC. The final diagnosis of all the thyroid nodules and existenceof CLNM were based on postoperative pathology. Patients were divided into two groups: a positive group withCLNM (224 nodules) and a negative group without CLNM (289 nodules). The following factors were investigated:gender, age, echogenicity, echotexture, size, shape, location, margin, contour, calcification morphology, distancebetween the nodule and pre- or post-border of the thyroid capsule, vascularity and the differences between thetwo groups. <br/><b>Results</b>: Correlation analysis showed that shorter distances between the nodule and pre- or postborderof thyroid capsule resulted in greater risk of CLNM (Spearman correlation coefficient=-0.22, p<0.0001).The significant factors in multivariate analysis were age<45yrs, larger size (d>1cm), “wider than tall” shape,extrathyroid extension and mixed flow (internal and peripheral) (p<0.05, OR=0.406, 2.093, 0.461, 1.610, 1.322).<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Significant sonographic features of PTC nodules in preoperative high-frequency ultrasound arecrucial for predicting CLNM.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma,ultrasonography features,Location,cervical lymph node metastasis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28674.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28674_b2ce958b0737d9b7dd56a65c25a0ccd5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Hybrid Capture 2 Assay Based Evaluation of High-Risk HPV Status in Healthy Women of North-East India
861
865
EN
<b>Background:</b> High risk HPV (HR-HPV) testing has been recommended as an effective tool along withcytology screening in identification of cervical intraepithelial lesions (CINs) and prevention of their progresstowards invasive cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the HR-HPV DNA status by HybridCapture 2 (HC2) assay in healthy asymptomatic women of North-East India. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This studyexamined cervical cell samples of forty three (n=43) healthy women by HC2 assay. A High Risk HPV DNA kit(Qiagen) was used which can detect 13 high risk HPV types: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 68.<br/><b>Results</b>: The mean relative light units (RLU) for samples was in the range of 141-5, 94, 619. HR-HPV DNA wasconfirmed in 16% (7/43) of participant women samples. Among demographic and clinical parameters, menstrualirregularity (p=0.039) and infection history (p=0.028) has shown statistically significant differences between theHR-HPV-positive and negative groups. In the HR-HPV positive group, two women were confirmed for CINsafter colposcopy and histopathologic examination. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: We suggest that there may be an associationbetween irregular menstruation and infection history of the urogenital tract with HR-HPV DNA prevalence inNorth-East Indian asymptomatic women. HC2 assay can be a valuable tool for HR-HPV screening.
HC2 assay,high risk HPV,healthy women of North East India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28675.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28675_325430ef20c832ad7588b9aeda532f65.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Surveying and Optimizing the Predictors for Ependymoma Specific Survival using SEER Data
867
870
EN
Purpose: This study used receiver operating characteristic curve to analyze Surveillance, Epidemiology andEnd Results (SEER) ependymoma data to identify predictive models and potential disparity in outcome. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: This study analyzed socio-economic, staging and treatment factors available in the SEER databasefor ependymoma. For the risk modeling, each factor was fitted by a Generalized Linear Model to predict theoutcome (‘brain and other nervous systems’ specific death in yes/no). The area under the receiver operatingcharacteristic curve (ROC) was computed. Similar strata were combined to construct the most parsimoniousmodels. A random sampling algorithm was used to estimate the modeling errors. Risk of ependymoma deathwas computed for the predictors for comparison. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 3,500 patients diagnosed from 1973 to 2009were included in this study. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 79.8 (82.3) months. Some 46% of the patientswere female. The mean (S.D.) age was 34.4 (22.8) years. Age was the most predictive factor of outcome. Unknowngrade demonstrated a 15% risk of cause specific death compared to 9% for grades I and II, and 36% for gradesIII and IV. A 5-tiered grade model (with a ROC area 0.48) was optimized to a 3-tiered model (with ROC areaof 0.53). This ROC area tied for the second with that for surgery. African-American patients had 21.5% risk ofdeath compared with 16.6% for the others. Some 72.7% of patient who did not get RT had cerebellar or spinalependymoma. Patients undergoing surgery had 16.3% risk of death, as compared to 23.7% among those whodid not have surgery. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Grading ependymoma may dramatically improve modeling of data. RT isunder used for cerebellum and spinal cord ependymoma and it may be a potential way to improve outcome.
Ependymoma,SEER registry,radiotherapy,under usage,cause specific survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28676.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28676_0b6ac880e08d0e5fd1eb0bfce1e493dc.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Prognostic Significance of Desmoglein 2 and Desmoglein 3 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
871
876
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: Desmogleins (DSGs) are major members among the desmosomal cadherins critically involved incell-cell adhesion and the maintenance of normal tissue architecture in epithelia. Reports exploring links of DSGfamily member expression with cancers are few and vary. The aim of this study was to investigate the ratio ofDSG2 and DSG3 mRNA expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue to normal tissue (T/Nratio) and evaluate correlations with clinical parameters. <br/><b>Methods</b>: The mRNA expression of DSGs, as well asγ-catenin and desmoplakin, was detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in 85 cases of ESCC tissue specimens.<br/><b>Results</b>: The expression level of DSG3 mRNA was significantly higher than that of DSG2 in ESCC specimens (p= 0.000). DSG3 mRNA expression highly correlated with histological grade (p = 0.009), whereas that of DSG2did not significantly relate to any clinicopathologic parameter. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that onlyDSG3 expression had an impact on the survival curve, with negative DSG3 expression indicating worse survival(p = 0.038). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated DSG3 to be an independent prognostic factorfor survival. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated the mRNA level of DSG3 to highly correlate withthose of γ-catenin and desmoplakin in ESCC samples (p=0.000), implying that the expression of desmosomalcomponents might be regulated by the same upstream regulatory molecules. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings suggestthat DSG3 may be involved in the progression of ESCC and serve as a prognostic marker, while expression ofDSG2 cannot be used as a predictor of ESCC patient outcome.
Desmoglein,Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,Prognosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28677.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28677_8c6b42cbe446ab2032e4692bc57950d2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Factors for Postoperative Gallstone Occurrence in Patients with Gastric Cancer: a Meta-analysis
877
881
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To evaluate risk factors for gallstones after gastrectomy. <br/><b>Methods</b>: To identify documents publishedfrom 1990 to 2011 the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Springer Link, CBM and WanFang databases were searchedand a meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.2 software for odds ratios and 95%CIs. <br/><b>Results</b>: Fifteenstudies were selected for the meta-analysis. The pooled ORs [95%CIs] were 0.56 [0.43, 0.73], (P<0.0001) fordigestive tract reconstruction, 0.80 [0.54, 1.17], (P=0.25) for pylorus preservation, 0.33[0.15, 0.75], (P=0.008) forresection scope of stomach, 0.33 [0.15, 0.75], (P=0.008) for lymphadenectomy, and 0.13 [0.05, 0.33], (P<0.0001)for vagotomy. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Digestive tract physical reconstruction and vagus nerve preservation can reducethe morbidity of gallstones after gastrectomy. Total gastrectomy can add to the morbidity of galltones as doesincreasing the degree of lymph node dissection. There was no significant difference in gallstones with or withoutpylorus preservation.
Gastric cancer,Gastrectomy,gallstones,risk factors,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28678.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28678_b353abb5e2c984b7e4612443463edd82.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Survival of Patients with Prostate Cancer in Yazd, Iran
883
886
EN
<b>Background:</b> Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Several factorssuch as availability of screening tests, and dietary, other lifestyle, environmental and genetic influences contributeto worldwide disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates. Our aims were to investigate patientcharacteristics at the time of diagnosis, common treatment strategies employed and survival in an Iranian malepopulation with prostate cancer. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Archives of Pathology Departments of five referralcenters affiliated with the School of Medicine of Shahid Sadoughi University in Yazd province were reviewed.Paraffin-embedded blocks were reviewed by two independent pathologists to confirm the diagnosis. Thelatest modification of the Gleason Scoring System was adopted to determine pathological grading. Followingpathological evaluation, patients were contacted via telephone to acquire information regarding their currentstatus. <br/><b>Results</b>: Pathology blocks were available for 113 patients. However, upon phone contacts, we were unableto determine the survival status in 23 patients (response rate=83%). Therefore, 90 patients were enrolled in thefinal analysis. The median follow-up time was 6.0 years (ranging from 0.3 to 8.8 years). There were 30 deathattributed to prostate cancer in the study group. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patient age at the timeof diagnosis was a significant predictor of survival. Another significant predictor of poorer survival was highertumor grade. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our observations indicate that age and pathological grade can negatively affectsurvival of individuals with prostate cancer in Iran.
Prostate Cancer,survival,Tumor grade,Gleason score
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28679.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28679_00fba802ef4e4c4402c3b56c7549b414.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Locoregional Spread and Survival of Stage IIA1 versus Stage IIA2 Cervical Cancer
887
890
EN
This study was undertaken to compare surgical outcomes and survival rates of patients with the 2009International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIA1 versus IIA2 cervical cancer treatedwith radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (RHPL). Patients with stage IIA cervical cancerundergoing primary RHPL between January 2003 and December 2012 at Chiang Mai University Hospital wereretrospectively reviewed. The analysis included clinicopathologic variables, i.e. nodal metastasis, parametrialinvolvement, positive surgical margins, deep stromal invasion (DSI)), lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI),adjuvant treatment, and 5-year survival. The chi square test, Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were usedfor statistical analysis. During the study period, 133 women with stage IIA cervical cancer, 101 (75.9 %) stageIIA1, and 32 (24.1 %) stage IIA2 underwent RHPL. The clinicopathologic variables of stage IIA1 comparedwith stage IIA2 were as follows: nodal metastasis (38.6% vs 40.6%, p=0.84), parametrial involvement (10.9% vs15.6%, p=0.47), positive surgical margins (31.7% vs 31.3%, p=1.0), DSI (39.6% vs 53.1%, p=0.18), LVSI (52.5%vs 71.9%, p=0.05) and adjuvant radiation (72.3% vs 84.4%, p=0.33). With a median follow-up of 60 months,the 5-year disease-free survival (84.6% vs 88.7%, p=0.67) and the 5-year overall survival (83.4% vs 90.0%,P=0.49) did not significantly differ between stage IIA1 and stage IIA2 cervical cancer. In conclusion, patientswith stage IIA1 and stage IIA2 cervical cancer have comparable rates of locoregional spread and survival. Theneed for receiving adjuvant radiation was very high in both substages. The revised 2009 FIGO system did notdemonstrate significant survival differences in stage IIA cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy.Concurrent chemoradiation should be considered a more suitable treatment for patients with stage IIA cervicalcancer.
cervical cancer,stage IIA,survival,Radical hysterectomy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28680.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28680_09dbb165dd3bca5d6a98ed5d7493f2f1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
PAX1 Methylation Analysis by MS-HRM is Useful in Triage of High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
891
894
EN
This study is aimed to investigate the role of paired boxed gene 1 (PAX1) methylation analysis by methylationsensitivehigh-resolution melting (MS-HRM) in the detection of high grade lesions in atypical squamous cellscannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) and compared its performance with theHybrid Capture 2 (HC2) human papillomavirus (HPV) test. In our study, 130 cases with a diagnosis of ASC-Hfrom the cervical cytological screening by Thinprep cytologic test (TCT) technique were selected for triage.Their cervical scrapings were collected and evaluated by using PAX1 methylation analysis (MS-HRM) andhigh-risk HPV DNA test (HC2), followed by colposcopy and cervical biopsy. Chi-square test were used to testthe differences of PAX1 methylation or HPV infection between groups. In the detection of CIN2+, the sensitivity,specificity, the PPV, NPV and the accuracy of PAX1 MS-HRM assay and high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) tests wererespectively 80.6% vs 67.7%, 94.9% vs 54.5%, 83.3%, vs 31.8%, 94.0% vs 84.4%, and 91.5% vs 57.7%. ThePAX1 MS-HRM assay proved superior to HR-HPV testing in the detection of high grade lesions (CIN2+) inASC-H. This approach could screen out the majority of high grade lesion cases of ASC-H, and thus could reducethe referral rate to colposcopy.
ASC-H,PAX1 methylation,MS-HRM analysis,HPV testing
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28681.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28681_2ab4c347076fac97b5eded2da3084301.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Cytogenetic and Genetic Mutation Features of de novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Elderly Chinese Patients
895
898
EN
<br/><b>Objectives</b>: The present study aimed to examine the cytogenetic and genetic mutation features of acutemyeloid leukemia (AML) in elderly Chinese patients. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A retrospective analysis of cytogenetics andgenetic mutations was performed in 113 cases (age range 50-82 years) with de novo AML. <br/><b>Results</b>: The mostfrequent cytogenetic abnormality was t (15;17) (q22;q21), detected in 10.0% (n = 9) of successfully analyzedcases, followed by t (8;21) (q22;q22) in 8.89% (n = 8), and complex karyotypes in 5.56% (n = 5). Those withcomplex karyotypes included 4 cases (4.44%) of monosomal karyotypes. The frequencies of NPM1, FLT3-ITD,c-kit, and CEBPA mutations were 27.4% (31/113), 14.5% (16/110), 5.88% (6/102), and 23.3% (7/30), respectively.The complete remission rates of patients in low, intermediate, and high risk groups were 37.5%, 48.6%, and33.3%, respectively (χ2 = 0.704, P = 0.703) based on risk stratification. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Cytogenetics and geneticmutations alone may not be sufficient to evaluate the prognoses of elderly AML patients. The search for a novelmodel that would enable a more comprehensive evaluation of this population is therefore imperative.
acute myeloid leukemia,cytogenetics,genetic mutations,Chinese elderly cases
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28682.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28682_fed2e10daedceeae3ef01339e1893283.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Gemcitabine And Cisplatin Followed by Chemo-Radiation for Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
899
904
EN
Concurrent chemo-radiation (CRT) has been established as the standard of care for non-metastatic locoregionallyadvanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) but recently the addition of induction chemotherapy inthe already established regimen has presented an attractive multidisciplinary approach. This retrospective studywas carried out to evaluate the efficacy of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by CRT for the management ofloco-regionally advanced NPC. Between July 2005 and September 2010, 99 patients were treated with cisplatinbased IC followed by CRT. Induction chemotherapy included a 2 drug combination; intravenous gemcitabine1000 mg/m2 on day 1 and 8 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1 only. Radiotherapy (RT) was given as a phasetreatment to a total dose of 70 Gy in 35 fractions. Concurrent cisplatin (75 mg/m2) was administered to all patientson days 1, 22 and 43. All patients were evaluated for tumor response and adverse effects after IC and 6 weeksafter the completion of the treatment protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17 andKaplan Meier estimates were applied to project survival. Median follow-up duration was 20 months. The 5-yearoverall survival (OS), loco regional control (LRC) and relapse free survival (RFS) rates were 71%, 73% and50%respectively. Acute grade 4 toxicity related to induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemo-radiation was4% and 2% respectively, with only 3 toxicity-related hospital admissions. We conclude that induction gemcitabineand cisplatin followed by chemo-radiation is a safe and effective regimen in management of nasopharyngealcarcinoma, meriting further investigation in randomized clinical trials.
Nasopharyngeal cancer,concurrent chemo radiotherapy,induction chemotherapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28683.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28683_d681b637019550c59c42f8399688a235.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Women’s Perceptions and Attitudes about Cervical Cancer in Turkey: Kato’s Device as an Alternative to the Pap Smear
905
910
EN
Aims: To determine the status of women’s perception and attitudes about cervical cancer and their thoughtson Kato’s self-sampling device. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This descriptive research was conducted between July-December 2012 with a study populationof married women older than 18 years. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 246 womenvolunteered, with a mean age of 34.9±9.22 (19-52). In the last year, 52.0% had been examined by a gynecologistto address a complaint or for a periodic health check. Of the 118 who had not had a gynecological examination,42.4% indicated negligence, 26.3% stated the reason was no complaint, 14.4% feared they might receive badresults from the examination, and 8.5% stated that were shy or embarrassed. Of all of the women, 35.0% answeredthat they had information about cervical cancer, and 0.7% had heard about the HPV vaccine. No one in theirfamilies had received the vaccine. Of the women, 28.5% had had a Pap smear, and 71.4% of those had normalresults. Of those who had never had a Pap smear, 47.2% had never heard about the test; 18.8% explained thereason for not having a test as shyness or embarrassment with a male doctor. None of the women had heardabout Kato’s device. Once the women were informed, 73.6% expresseed interest in use; 51.9% answered theycould use it and not be embarrassed, 30.9% would use it because they did not have to see a doctor, and 17.1%would use it as it allows them to take a smear in all conditions and whenever they want. Of the women, 60.0%thought that they could not successfully use Kato’s device; 40.0% thought that a smear should be taken by adoctor. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Most of the women in our population had never had a Pap smear and wanted to use theKato’s device
cervical cancer,Pap smear,Kato’s device,Perception
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28684.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28684_8ec2588fb1591e5a1b4515e611ad2572.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Whole Brain Radiotherapy Combined with Stereotactic Radiotherapy Versus Stereotactic Radiotherapy Alone for Brain Metastases: a Meta-analysis
911
915
EN
Aim: This study was to evaluate the effect of whole brain radiation (WBRT) combined with stereotacticradiotherapy (SRS) versus stereotactic radiotherapy alone for patients with brain metastases using a metaanalysis.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library from their inceptionup to October 2013. Randomized controlled trials involving whole brain radiation combined with stereotacticradiotherapy versus stereotactic radiotherapy alone for brain metastases were included. Statistical analyseswere performed using RevMan5.2 software. <br/><b>Results</b>: Four randomized controlled trials including 903 patientswere included. The meta-analysis showed statistically significant lowering of the local recurrence rate (OR=0.29,95%CI: 0.17~0.49), new brain metastasis rate (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.28~0.71) and symptomatic late neurologicradiation toxicity rate (OR=3.92, 95%CI: 1.37~11.20) in the combined group. No statistically significant differenceexisted in the 1-year survival rate (OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.60~1.03). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results indicate that wholebrain radiotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy has advantages in local recurrence and new brainmetastasis rates, but stereotactic radiotherapy alone is associated with better neurological function. However, asthe samples included were not large, more high-quality, large-sample size studies are necessary for confirmation.
brain metastases,whole brain radiation,stereotactic radiotherapy,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28685.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28685_0bfece6d98ef14ed9e568c8e0b97eff0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
MicroRNA-100 Resensitizes Resistant Chondrosarcoma Cells to Cisplatin through Direct Targeting of mTOR
917
923
EN
Chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage-forming tumors of bone which exhibit resistance to bothchemotherapy and radiation treatment. miRNAs have been well demonstrated to regulate gene expression andplay essential roles in a variety of biological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, cellcycling and apoptosis. In this study, we obtained evidence that miR-100 acts as a tumor suppressor in humanchondrosarcomas. Interestingly, cisplatin resistant chondrosarcoma cells exhibit decreased expression of miR-100compared with parental cells. In addition, we identified mTOR as a direct target of miR-100. Overexpression ofmiR-100 complementary pairs to the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of mTOR, resulted in sensitization of cisplatinresistant cells to cisplatin. Moreover, recovery of the mTOR pathway by overexpression of S6K desensitizedthe chondrosarcoma cells to cisplatin, suggesting the miR-100-mediated sensitization to cisplatin dependent oninhibition of mTOR. In summary, the present studies highlight miR-100 as a tumor suppressor in chondrosarcomacontributing to anti-chemoresistance. Overexpression of miR-100 might be exploited as a therapeutic strategyalong with cisplatin-based combined chemotherapy for the treatment of clinical chondrosarcoma patients.
Chondrosarcoma,mTOR,MicroRNA,Cisplatin,Chemoresistance
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28686.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28686_2badef8c218c0e1640e984e5c96c6aa0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Treatment of Extremely High Risk and Resistant Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia Patients in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital
925
928
EN
<b>Background:</b> Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a spectrum of disease with abnormal trophoblasticproliferation. Treatment is based on FIGO stage and WHO risk factor scores. Patients whose score is 12 or moreare considered as at extremely high risk with a high likelihood of resistance to first line treatment. Optimaltherapy is therefore controversial. <br/><b>Objective</b>: This study was conducted in order to summarize the regimen usedfor extremely high risk or resistant GTN patients in our institution the in past 10 years. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:All the charts of GTN patients classified as extremely high risk, recurrent or resistant during 1 January 2002to 31 December 2011 were reviewed. Criteria for diagnosis of GTN were also assessed to confirm the diagnosis.FIGO stage and WHO risk prognostic score were also re-calculated to ensure the accuracy of the information.Patient characteristics were reviewed in the aspects of age, weight, height, BMI, presenting symptoms, metastaticarea, lesions, FIGO stage, WHO risk factor score, serum hCG level, treatment regimen, adjuvant treatments,side effects and response to treatment, including disease free survival. <br/><b>Results</b>: Eight patients meeting thecriteria of extremely high risk or resistant GTN were included in this review. Mean age was 33.6 years (SD=13.5, range 17-53). Of the total, 3 were stage III (37.5%) and 5 were stage IV (62.5%). Mean duration fromprevious pregnancies to GTN was 17.6 months (SD 9.9). Mean serum hCG level was 864,589 mIU/ml (SD 98,151).Presenting symptoms of the patients were various such as hemoptysis, abdominal pain, headache, heavy vaginalbleeding and stroke. The most commonly used first line chemotherapeutic regimen in our institution was theVAC regimen which was given to 4 of 8 patients in this study. The most common second line chemotherapywas EMACO. Adjuvant radiation was given to most of the patients who had brain metastasis. Most of thepatients have to delay chemotherapy for 1-2 weeks due to grade 2-3 leukopenia and require G-CSF to rescuefrom neutropenia. Five form 8 patients were still survived. Mean of disease free survival was 20.4 months. Twopatients died of the disease, while another one patient died from sepsis of pressure sore wound. None of survivingpatients developed recurrence of disease after complete treatment. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In extremely high risk GTNpatients, main treatment is multi-agent chemotherapy. In our institution, we usually use VAC as a first linetreatment of high risk GTN, but since resistance is quite common, this may not suitable for extremely high riskGTN patients. The most commonly used second line multi-agent chemotherapy in our institution is EMA-CO.Adjuvant brain radiation was administered to most of the patients with brain metastasis in our institution. Thesurvival rate is comparable to previous reviews. Our treatment demonstrated differences from other institutionsbut the survival is comparable. The limitation of this review is the number of cases is small due to rarity of thedisease. Further trials or multicenter analyses may be considered.
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,high risk cases,salvage treatment,Recurrence
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28687.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28687_f7a12f3877fcb604303c6da970eefd88.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Comparative Study of Toxic Effects of Anatase and Rutile Type Nanosized Titanium Dioxide Particles in vivo and in vitro
929
935
EN
Two types of nanosized titanium dioxide, anatase (anTiO2) and rutile (rnTiO2), are widely used in industry,commercial products and biosystems. TiO2hasbeen evaluated as a Group 2B carcinogen. Previous reportsindicated that anTiO2 is less toxic than rnTiO2, however, under ultraviolet irradiation anTiO2 is more toxic thanrnTiO2 in vitro because of differences in their crystal structures. In the present study, we compared the in vivoand in vitro toxic effects induced by anTiO2 and rnTiO2. Female SD rats were treated with 500 mg/ml of anTiO2or rnTiO2 suspensions by intra-pulmonary spraying 8 times over a two week period. In the lung, treatment withanTiO2 or rnTiO2 increased alveolar macrophage numbers and levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG);these increases tended to be lower in the anTiO2 treated group compared to the rnTiO2 treated group. Expressionof MIP1a mRNA and protein in lung tissues treated with anTiO2 and rnTiO2 was also significantly up-regulated,with MIP1a mRNA and protein expression significantly lower in the anTiO2 group than in the rnTiO2 group.In cell culture of primary alveolar macrophages (PAM) treated with anTiO2 and rnTiO2, expression of MIP1amRNA in the PAM and protein in the culture media was significantly higher than in control cultures. Similarlyto the in vivo results, MIP1a mRNA and protein expression was significantly lower in the anTiO2 treated culturescompared to the rnTiO2 treated cultures. Furthermore, conditioned cell culture media from PAM cultures treatedwith anTiO2 had less effect on A549 cell proliferation compared to conditioned media from cultures treatedwith rnTiO2. However, no significant difference was found in the toxicological effects on cell viability of ultraviolet irradiated anTiO2 and rnTiO2. In conclusion, our results indicate that anTiO2 is less potent in induction ofalveolar macrophage infiltration, 8-OHdG and MIP1a expression in the lung, and growth stimulation of A549cells in vitro than rnTiO2.
Nanosized titanium dioxide,Anatase,Rutile,lung toxicity,MIP1a
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28688.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28688_5821b658898584d6e262c53923ceac59.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Bioinformatic Prediction of SNPs within miRNA Binding Sites of Inflammatory Genes Associated with Gastric Cancer
937
943
EN
Polymorphisms in miRNA binding sites have been shown to affect miRNA binding to target genes, resultingin differential mRNA and protein expression and susceptibility to common diseases. Our purpose was to predictSNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) within miRNA binding sites of inflammatory genes in relation to gastriccancer. A complete list of SNPs in the 3’UTR regions of all inflammatory genes associated with gastric cancer wasobtained from Pubmed. miRNA target prediction databases (MirSNP, Targetscan Human 6.2, PolymiRTS 3.0,miRNASNP 2.0, and Patrocles) were used to predict miRNA target sites. There were 99 SNPs with MAF>0.05within the miRNA binding sites of 41 genes among 72 inflammation-related genes associated with gastric cancer.NF-κB and JAK-STAT are the two most important signaling pathways. 47 SNPs of 25 genes with 95 miRNAswere predicted. CCL2 and IL1F5 were found to be the shared target genes of hsa-miRNA-624-3p. Bioinformaticmethods could identify a set of SNPs within miRNA binding sites of inflammatory genes, and provide data anddirection for subsequent functional verification research.
Gastric cancer,inflammatory genes,miRNA,miRNA binding sites,SNP937
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28689.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28689_944c3b1c1bb6ead3fba73a9e3aad1f99.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Neutrophil Count and the Inflammation-based Glasgow Prognostic Score Predict Survival in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer Receiving First-line Chemotherapy
945
950
EN
Purpose: To explore the value of systemic inflammatory markers as independent prognostic factors andthe extent these markers improve prognostic classification for patients with inoperable advanced or metastaticgastric cancer (GC) receiving palliative chemotherapy. <br/><b>Methods</b>: We studied the prognostic value of systemicinflammatory factors such as circulating white blood cell count and its components as well as that combined toform inflammation-based prognostic scores (Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio(NLR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Prognostic Index (PI) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI)) in 384patients with inoperable advanced or metastatic gastric cancer (GC) receiving first-line chemotherapy. Univariateand multivariate analyses were performed to examine the impact of inflammatory markers on overall survival(OS). <br/><b>Results</b>: Univariate analysis revealed that an elevated white blood cell, neutrophil and/or platelet count,a decreased lymphocyte count, a low serum albumin concentration, and high CRP concentration, as well aselevated NLR/PLR , GPS, PI, PNI were significant predictors of shorter OS. Multivariate analysis demonstratedthat only elevated neutrophil count (HR 3.696, p=0.003) and higher GPS (HR 1.621, p=0.01) were independentpredictors of poor OS. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: This study demonstrated elevated pretreatment neutrophil count and highGPS to be independent predictors of shorter OS in inoperable advanced or metastatic GC patients treated withfirst-line chemotherapy. Upon validation of these data in independent studies, stratification of patients usingthese markers in future clinical trials is recommended.
systemic inflammation,Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS),Gastric cancer,Overall survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28690.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28690_7743edb8d8bf2afb068b01aad55abb7d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Clinicopathological Features of Colon Adenocarcinoma in Qazvin, Iran: A 16 Year Study
951
955
EN
<b>Background:</b> Colorectal cancer (CRC) was the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Iran between2000 and 2009, with adenocarcinoma (AC) as the most common histological type. Demographic, topographicand histological variables are important in the epidemiology and biology of cancer. The aim of this study was toinvestigate clinicopathological features of colon adenocarcinomas in Qazvin, Iran. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Witha retrospective design, patient records of two pathology wards from March 1997 to March 2013 were studiedwith regard to anatomical location and histological classification. A broader anatomical grouping was also usedincluding distal vs proximal regions and right sided vs left sided tumors. Data were analyzed using T-test andchi-square test. <br/><b>Results</b>: 118 (50.9%) male and 114 (49.1%) female patients were included in the study. Mean agewas 57.3±14.7 years, with 29.2% under 50 years. There was no significant gender difference for age at diagnosis.The rectum (56%) and sigmoid colon (25%) were the most frequent anatomical locations. Proximal casesaccounted for 18.6% in males and 8.8% in females (p=0.02). AC was more prevalent than other usual types inyounger patients. The proportion of proximal cancer was 1.7% in first eight years of the study period vs 12.1%in the second one (p=0.005). A similar trend was also seen in right sided colon cancers (p=0.018). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Young people are also at risk for the cancer with poor prognosis. Screening programs and weight loss in obeseindividuals can reduce incidence and complications of CRC.
colorectal cancer,adenocarcinoma,colonscopy,anatomical location
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28691.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28691_48d963dc368e9d4aedd9f5cd56f5cd16.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Lack of Associations between Vitamin D Metabolism-Related Gene Variants and Risk of Colorectal Cancer
957
961
EN
Purpose: With regard to the protective effect of vitamin D against colorectal cancer (CRC), we evaluatedgenetic variants that might influence vitamin D metabolism: vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D bindingprotein (GC), vitamin D 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1), and vitamin D 25-hydroxy 1-alpha hydroxylase (CYP27B1).Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 657 subjects, including 303 cases with CRC and 354 controls were enrolled inthis case-control study. All 657 were genotyped for the four gene variants using PCR-RFLP methods. <br/><b>Results</b>:In this study, no significant difference was observed for VDR (rs2238136), GC (rs4588), CYP2R1 (rs12794714),and CYP27B1 (rs3782130) gene variants in either genotype or allele frequencies between the cases with CRCand the controls and this lack of difference remained even after adjustment for age, BMI, sex, smoking status,NSAID use, and family history of CRC. Furthermore, no evidence for effect modification of the variants andCRC by BMI, sex, or tumor site was observed. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings do not support a role for VDR, GC,and CYP27B1 genes in CRC risk in our Iranian population. Another interesting finding, which to our knowledgehas not been reported previously, was the lack of association with the CYP2R1 gene polymorphism. Nonetheless,our findings require confirmation and possible roles of vitamin D metabolism-related genes in carcinogenesisneed to be further investigated.
colorectal cancer,CYP27B1,CYP2R1,GC,variant,VDR,risk,lack of association
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28692.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28692_0baad979bb2c97236e71cddc7a8055a2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Asiatic Acid Promotes p21WAF1/CIP1 Protein Stability through Attenuation of NDR1/2 Dependent Phosphorylation of p21WAF1/CIP1 in HepG2 Human Hepatoma Cells
963
967
EN
Previous studies have suggested anti-tumor effects of asiatic acid in some human cancer cell lines. This agent isreported to increase the levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 in human breast cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanismshave not been established. Here we report that asiatic acid up-regulates p21WAF1/CIP1 protein expression but notthe level of p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNA in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Furthermore, we found that the asiatic acidinduced increase of p21WAF1/CIP1 protein was associated with decreased phosphorylation (ser-146) of p21WAF1/CIP1.Knockdown of NDR1/2 kinase, which directly phosphorylates p21WAF1/CIP1 protein at ser-146 and enhances itsproteasomal degradation, increased the levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 protein and eliminated the regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 stability by asiatic acid. At the same time, the expression of NDR1/2 kinase decreased during treatment withasiatic acid in HepG2 cells. Moreover, asiatic acid inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, this being attenuatedby knockdown of p21WAF1/CIP1. In conclusion, we propose that asiatic acid inhibits the expression NDR1/2 kinaseand promotes the stability of p21WAF1/CIP1 protein through attenuating NDR1/2 dependent phosphorylation ofp21WAF1/CIP1 in HepG2 cells.
Asiatic acid,p21WAF1/CIP1,Stability,NDR1/2,Phosphorylation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28693.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28693_b0397192e05c65d4e560dca88c8ec99b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Development and Application of Telephone Counseling Services for Care of Patients with Colorectal Cancer
969
973
EN
<b>Background:</b> The number of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in Taiwan has increased in recent years;therefore, the effective dissemination of information related to symptom care has become especially important.Previous studies indicated that the physical and psychological status of cancer patients can be effectively improvedby telephone counseling services (TCS). Thus, determining the most effective means of establishing a TCS tosupport the clinical practice of oncology has become a crucial goal for nursing. The purposes of this study wereto analysis the content of the TCS for CRC and explore stratification of the TCS. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Thestudy design was retrospective. A total of 850 calls were made to CRC patients in the cancer center of SouthernTaiwan during the period of January 2007- December 2011. A structure questionnaire was adopted to analysissatisfaction. <br/><b>Results</b>: Responses provided by the TCS included information regarding nutrition, side effectsresulting from chemotherapy and pain. Moreover, 28.7% of CRC patients needed advanced treatment. Morethan 90% satisfaction with all aspects of the calls was found. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The TCS coulkd be shown to providean effective means by which to expand the reach of nursing care to different times, places and patients, allowingfor greater cost efficiency and more rapid service.
colorectal cancer,telephone counseling service,nursing care,Cost efficiency
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28694.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28694_85b9829d76f29193b6ec0be65e8bca5d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Comparison of Cervical Cell Morphology Using Two Different Cytology Techniques for Early Detection of Pre-Cancerous Lesions
975
981
EN
Cervical cancer is an issue of foremost importance globally, specifically affecting the developing nations.Significant advances have taken place with regard to diagnosis of cervical cancer, especially with screening.Appropriate screening measures can thus reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. The most desirable screeningtechnique should be less invasive, easy to perform, cost-effective and cover a wide range of diagnostic icons.Manual liquid based cytology (MLBC) can be considered as one of the suitable technique for screening withthe above-mentioned benefits. The aim of the current study was to compare two cervical screening techniqueson the basis of different morphological parameters and staining parameters by using modified acetic acid Papstaining to see the possibility of reducing time economy involved in conventional Pap staining (CPS). The studywas conducted on a total 88 cases and all were analyzed with both MLBC and CPS. Forty eight cases that wereregarded as satisfactory on the basis of Bethesda system by both methods were further recruited for investigation.Their morphological parameters and staining quality were compared and scored according to a scoring systemdefined in the study. Quality indices was calculated for both staining procedures and smear techniques.
cervical cancer,Screening,staining,Cytology,Manual liquid based cytology,Pap smear
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28695.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28695_412f7b651891b22d14ef0a692a1d108d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Cytotoxicity of Nigella Sativa Seed Oil and Extract Against Human Lung Cancer Cell Line
983
987
EN
Nigella sativa (N sativa), commonly known as black seed, has been used in traditional medicine to treat manydiseases. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities of N sativa extracts are well known.Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the anticancer activity of seed extract (NSE) and seed oil(NSO) of N sativa against a human lung cancer cell line. Cells were exposed to 0.01 to 1 mg/ml of NSE and NSOfor 24 h, then percent cell viability was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays, and cellular morphology by phase contrast inverted microscopy.The results showed NSE and NSO significantly reduce the cell viability and alter the cellular morphology ofA-549 cells in a concentration dependent manner. The percent cell viability was recorded as 75%, 50%, and26% at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml of NSE by MTT assay and 73%, 48%, and 23% at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml of NSEby NRU assay. Exposure to NSO concentrations of 0.1 mg/ml and above for 24 h was also found to be cytotoxic.The decrease in cell viability at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml of NSO was recorded to be 89%, 52%, 41%, and 13%by MTT assay and 85%, 52%, 38%, and 11% by NRU assay, respectively. A-549 cells exposed to 0.25, 0.5 and1 mg/ml of NSE and NSO lost their typical morphology and appeared smaller in size. The data revealed thatthe treatment of seed extract (NSE) and seed oil (NSO) of Nigella sativa significantly reduce viability of humanlung cancer cells.
Nigella sativa - A-549 cells –,cytotoxicity - cellular morphology
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28696.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28696_9b41086d7c944470b71a106d3208587d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Aberrant Expression of the Autocrine Motility Factor Receptor Correlates with Poor Prognosis and Promotes Metastasis in Gastric Carcinoma
989
997
EN
AMFR, autocrine motility factor receptor, also called gp78, is a cell surface cytokine receptor which has a dualrole as an E3 ubiquitin ligase in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. AMFR expression is associatedwith tumor malignancy. We here investigated the clinical significance of AMFR and its role in metastasis andprognosis in gastric cancer. Expression of AMFR, E-cadherin and N-cadherin in cancer tissues and matchedadjacent normal tissues from 122 gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing surgical resection was assessed byimmunohistochemistry. Levels of these molecules in 17 cases selected randomly were also analysed by Westernblotting. AMFR expression was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues, and associated with invasiondepth and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed AMFR expression correlated with poor overallsurvival and an increased risk of recurrence in the GC cases. Cox regression analysis suggested AMFR to bean independent predictor for overall and recurrence-free survival. E-cadherin expression was decreased ingastric cancer tissues; conversely, N-cadherin was increased. Expression of AMFR negatively correlated withE-cadherin expression, whereas N-cadherin expression showed a significant positive correlation with AMFRexpression. AMFR might be involved in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, with aberrantexpression correlating with a poor prognosis and promoting invasion and metastasis in GCs.
gastric carcinoma,AMFR,Prognosis,Metastasis,epithelial-mesenchymal transition
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28697.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28697_65122bcb723c8864f6f21a8b4364ea40.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
MACC1 Expression Correlates with PFKFB2 and Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
999
1003
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To validate the relationship between MACC1 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose 2, 6bisphosphatase (PFKFB2) expression as well as its clinicopathological features and prognostic significancein hepatocellular carcinoma. <br/><b>Methods</b>: By using immunohistochemistry, we investigated the MACC1 andPFKFB2 protein expression in 60 pairs of hepatocellular carcinoma and corresponding non-tumor tissues.Using the Mann-Whitney U test, the Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazardregression analysis and Spearman analysis, we studied the relationship between MACC1 and PFKFB2 proteinexpression and postoperative overall survival (OS) of the HCC patients. <br/><b>Results</b>: MACC1 and PFKFB2 positivestaining rates were significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma than in the corresponding nontumor tissues(P=0.012 and 0.04, respectively). The clinicopathological features evaluation revealed that positive expressionof MACC1 was associated with a high Edmondson classification (P=0.007) and advanced TNM stage (P=0.027).Similar findings were evident for PFKFB2 expression (P=0.002 and P=0.027). MACC1 and PFKFB2 positiveexpression was associated with a lower OS rate (P=0.004 and 0.03, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival andCox proportional hazard regression analyses revealed MACC1 positive expression to be a prognostic factorfor postoperative OS, but PFKFB was not. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Highly expressed MACC1 and PFKFB2 protein wereassociated with TNM stage, Edmondson –Steier classification and overall survival. MACC1 may affect tumormetabolism partly through expression and phophorylation of PFKFB2.
MACC1,PFKFB2,Glycolysis,Hepatocellular carcinoma,immunohistochemistry
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28698.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28698_c9dd50e2d7d1b40b2efb406f68c2bf5a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
A New Index of Abdominal Obesity which Effectively Predicts Risk of Colon Tumor Development in Female Japanese
1005
1010
EN
<b>Background:</b> A relation between abdominal obesity and colorectal tumor development has been reportedrepeatedly, and is believed to be more remarkable in man than in women. However, the details vary dependingon scientific reports. This may be due at least partly to the selected surface anthropometric index in addition tothe influence of gender and ethnic groups. To cope with this, we considered a new index of abdominal obesityand evaluated its risk prediction potential. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Six hundred ninety five Japanese (262women and 433 men) who had a colonoscopy were studied. The new index was named as waist circumferenceto height index (WHI) and was calculated by the formula of waist circumference (cm)/height (m)/height (m).Biochemical and lifestyle factors were investigated preceding the colonoscopy. Statistical analysis was performedusing SPSS for Windows. <br/><b>Results</b>: Increase of WHI was associated with altered metabolism of carbohydrateand lipid in both women and men. WHI was positively related with the development of colon tumor of women,while not with that of men. Logistic regression analysis performed for stratified age groups (45-54, 55-64 and65-74 years) showed that WHI significantly increased odds ratio to 1.31 (CI 1.05-1.64 p=0.01) in women of 55-65years. In contrast, in men this index WHI reduced the odds ratio insignificantly, while low density lipoproteinand triglyceride significantly increased the odds ratio to 1.01 (CI 1.00-1.03 p=0.02) in the 55-65 year group andto 1.02 (CI 1.00-1.03 p=0.02) in the 45-55 year group. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In Japanese the risk factors for colon tumordevelopment are different between women and men. WHI is a simple and efficient predictor of colon tumor riskin Japanese women and may be used to select those who should have colonoscopy.
Colon cancer,Waist circumference,central obesity- waist to height index,Japanese gender differential
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28699.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28699_fd935c739ed53d0726492f337eaa3d08.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Increasing Frequency of Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Vojvodina - Comparison with the Literature
1011
1014
EN
<b>Background:</b> Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent 1% of all malignant lesions. In this study the authorsanalyzed the incidence of STS in Vojvodina (the north region of Serbia) in the period from 1985 to 2009. Anumber of studies conducted worldwide indicate that STS incidence rates are tending to increase. Materials and<br/><b>Methods</b>: On the basis of data from the Cancer Registry of Vojvodina, age standardized STS incidence rates wereestablished as well as their linear trend, with data on histological structure, age, gender and STS distributionat specific locations. <br/><b>Results</b>: The total number of registered patients was 1,308. Average age standardized ratewas 1.90/100,000 per year. The investigated period showed a slight increase in the incidence rate (average annualpercent increase=0.77%). The most frequent histological type was sarcoma not otherwise specified-NOS (27%),followed by leiomyosarcoma (21%), liposarcoma (14%), rhabdomyosarcoma (11%) and malignant fibroushistiocytoma (9%). The male/female ratio was 0.73:1. Every fifth patient was younger than 39. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Comparison among eight international STS epidemiology studies show that the incidence rate range is between1.4/100,000-5.0/100,000, though our finding is closer to the lower limit. Furthermore, the incidence rate increasewas lower than that characteristic for the half of the analyzed studies. A partial explanation for that should belooked for among changes in diagnostic criteria and STS classifications.
Epidemiology,Soft tissue sarcoma,Incidence,Trend,Serbia,international comparison
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28700.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28700_b5a61662d830c94e7496228611bbf5d0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Diagnostic Value of Rectal Bleeding in Predicting Colorectal Cancer: a Systematic Review
1015
1021
EN
This study aimed at summarizing published study findings on the diagnostic value of rectal bleeding (RB)and informing clinical practice, preventive interventions and future research areas. We searched Medline andEmbase for studies published by September 13, 2013 examining the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with RBusing highly inclusive algorithms. Data for sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratioand positive predictive value (PPV) of RB were extracted by two researchers and analyzed applying Meta-Disc(version 1.4) and Stata (version 11.0). Methodological quality of studies was assessed according to QUADAS. Atotal of 38 studies containing 5,626 colorectal cancer patients and 73,174 participants with RB were included. Thepooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.47 (95% CI: 0.45-0.48) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.96-0.96) respectively. Theoverall PPVs ranged from 0.01 to 0.21 with a pooled value of 0.06 (95% CI: 0.05-0.08). Being over the age of 60years, change in bowel habit, weight loss, anaemia, colorectal cancer among first-degree relatives and feeling ofincomplete evacuation of rectum appeared to increase the predictive value of RB. Although RB greatly increasesthe probability of diagnosing colorectal cancer, it alone may not be sufficient for proposing further sophisticatedinvestigations. However, given the high specificity, subjects without RB may be ruled out of further investigations.Future studies should focus on strategies using RB as an “alarm” symptom and finding additional indicationsto justify whether there is a need for further investigations.
colorectal cancer,rectal bleeding,predictive,Symptoms
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28701.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28701_9d5cb2a51a57a235386872eddb0a0464.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Joint Effects of Smoking and Alcohol Drinking on Esophageal Cancer Mortality in Japanese Men: Findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study
1023
1029
EN
<b>Background:</b> The purpose of our study was to elucidate the joint effects of combined smoking and alcoholintake on esophageal cancer mortality in Japanese men through a large cohort study with a 20-year follow-upperiod. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACCStudy) was established in the late 1980s, including 46,395 men and 64,190 women aged 40 years and older andyounger than 80. Follow-up of these participants was conducted until 2009. We used the Cox proportionalhazards model to analyze data for 42,408 people excluding female participants, 411 people with histories ofmalignant neoplasms, and 3,576 with unclear smoking and drinking data. <br/><b>Results</b>: The joint effects of age atstart of smoking and amount of alcohol consumed per day were compared with non-smokers and non-drinkersor those consuming less than one unit of alcohol per day. The mortality risk was 9.33 (95% confidence interval,2.55-34.2) for those who started smoking between ages 10 and 19 years and drinking at least three units ofalcohol per day. Regarding the joint effects of cumulative amount of smoking and alcohol intake, the risk washigh when both smoking and alcohol intake were above a certain level. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In this Japanese cohortstudy, increased cancer mortality risks were observed, especially for people who both started smoking earlyand drank alcohol. Quitting smoking or not starting to smoke at any age and reducing alcohol consumption areimportant for preventing esophageal cancer in Japan.
Esophageal Cancer,smoking,alcohol drinking,joint effects,cohort study
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28702.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28702_576d18d63d580e90f565f16f3b673ae8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Role of Hyperinsulinemia in Increased Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Case Control Study from Kathmandu Valley
1031
1033
EN
Aim: To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on prostate cancer risk. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: This hospital based study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained inthe Department of Biochemistry of a tertiary care hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal between 31st December, 2011and 31st October, 2013. The variables collected were age, serum cholesterol, serum calcium, PSA, fasting bloodglucose, serum insulin. Analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis using Excel2003, R 2.8.0, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago,IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of the total 125 subjects enrolled in our presentstudy, 25 cases were of PCa and 100 were healthy controls. The mean value of fasting plasma glucose was 95.5mg/dl in cases of prostatic carcinoma and the mean value of fasting plasma insulin was 5.78 μU/ml (p value:0.0001*). The fasting insulin levels μU/ml were categorized into the different ranges starting from ≤2.75, >2.75to ≤4.10, >4.10 to ≤6.10, >6.10μU/ml. The maximum number of cases of prostatic carcinoma of fasting insulinlevels falls in range of >6.10μU/ml. The highest insulin levels (>6.10μU/ml) were seen to be associated with an2.55 fold risk of prostatic carcinoma when compared with fasting insulin levels of (<2.75 μU/ml). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Elevated fasting levels of serum insulin appear to be associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer.
hyperinsulinemia,Prostate Cancer,risk,Kathmandu
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28703.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28703_4ca2b0e0d4b1120f83412b524db861b6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Long-term Outcomes of a Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in a High Incidence Country
1035
1039
EN
Aim: To evaluate the operative, oncologic and obstetric outcomes of the loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP) in cases with cervical neoplasia. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A retrospective cohort study was conducted onpatients who were suspected of cervical neoplasia and therefore undergoing LEEP at Siriraj Hospital, MahidolUniversity, Thailand, during 1995-2000. Outcome measures included operative complications in 407 LEEPpatients and long-term outcomes in the 248 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) who weretreated with only LEEP. <br/><b>Results</b>: There were 407 patients undergoing LEEP; their mean age was 39.7±10.5years. The histopathology of LEEP specimens revealed that 89 patients (21.9%) had lesions ≤CIN I, 295 patients(72.5%) had CIN II or III, and 23 patients (5.6%) had invasive lesions. Operative complications were found in15 patients and included bleeding (n=9), and infection (n=7). After diagnostic LEEP, 133 patients underwenthysterectomy as the definite treatment for cervical neoplasia. Of 248 CIN patients who had LEEP only, seven(2.8%) had suffered recurrence after a median of 16 (range 6-93) months; one had CIN I, one had CIN II, andfive had CIN III. All of these recurrent patients achieved remission on surgical treatment with re-LEEP (n=6) orsimple hysterectomy (n=1). A significant factor affecting recurrent disease was the LEEP margin involved withthe lesion (p=0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed 5-year and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) estimates of99.9%. Twelve patients became pregnant a total of 14 times, resulting in 12 term deliveries and two miscarriages- one of which was due to an incompetent cervix. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: LEEP for patients with cervical neoplasia deliversfavorable surgical, oncologic and obstetric outcomes.
cervical neoplasia,loop electrosurgical excision procedure,Outcomes,Thailand
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28704.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28704_f500bb46aad399d36bc4df9d5d8de122.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
β-arrestin Promotes c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Mediated Apoptosis via a GABABR·β-arrestin·JNK Signaling Module
1041
1046
EN
Evidence is growing that the GABAB receptor, which belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)superfamily, is involved in tumorigenesis. Recent studies have shown that β-arrestin can serve as a scaffoldto recruit signaling protein c-Jun N-terminal knase (JNK) to GPCR. Here we investigated whether β-arrestinrecruits JNK to the GABAB receptor and facilitates its activation to affect the growth of cancer cells. Our resultsshowed that β-arrestin expression is decreased in breast cancer cells in comparison with controls. β-arrestincould enhance interactions of the GABABR·β-arrestin·JNK signaling module in MCF-7 and T-47D cells. Furtherstudies revealed that increased expression of β-arrestin enhances the phosphorylation of JNK and inducescancer cells apoptosis. Collectively, these resul
β-arrestin,GABAB receptor,JNK,Apoptosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28705.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28705_c13116c6faaec28d1a2948322650f8fd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Associations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in miR-146a, miR-196a, miR-149 and miR-499 with Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility
1047
1055
EN
<b>Background:</b> MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs of 20-25nucleotides in length that function as negative gene regulators. MiRNAs play roles in most biological processes,as well as diverse human diseases including cancer. Recently, many studies investigated the association betweenSNPs in miR-146a rs2910164, miR-196a2 rs11614913, miR-149 rs229283, miR-499 rs3746444 and colorectalcancer (CRC), which results have been inconclusive. Methodology/Principal Findings: PubMed, EMBASE,CNKI databases were searched with the last search updated on November 5, 2013. For miR-196a2 rs11614913,a significantly decreased risk of CRC development was observed under three genetic models (dominant model:OR = 0.848, 95%CI: 0.735–0.979, P = 0.025; recessive model: OR = 0.838, 95%CI: 0.721–0.974, P = 0.021;homozygous model: OR = 0.754, 95%CI: 0.627–0.907, P = 0.003). In the subgroup analyses, miR-196a2*Tvariant was associated with a significantly decreased susceptibility of CRC (allele model: OR = 0.839, 95%CI:0.749–0.940, P = 0.000; dominant model: OR = 0.770, 95%CI: 0.653–0.980, P = 0.002; recessive model: OR =0.802, 95%CI: 0.685–0.939, P = 0.006; homozygous model: OR = 0.695, 95%CI: 0.570–0.847, P = 0.000). Asfor miR-149 rs2292832, the two genetic models (recessive model: OR = 1.199, 95% CI 1.028-1.398, P = 0.021;heterozygous model: OR = 1.226, 95% CI 1.039-1.447, P = 0.013) demonstrated increased susceptibility to CRC.On subgroup analysis, significantly increased susceptibility of CRC was found in the genetic models (recessivemodel: OR = 1.180, 95% CI 1.008-1.382, P = 0.040; heterozygous model: OR = 1.202, 95% CI 1.013-1.425, P =0.013) in the Asian group. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: These findings supported that the miR-196a2 rs11614913 and miR-149rs2292832 polymorphisms may contribute to susceptibility to CRC.
MicroRNA,Polymorphism,colorectal cancer,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28706.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28706_11156cd3668a43a0c8ddfcae3417aa81.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Potential Study Perspectives on Mechanisms and Correlations Between Adiposity and Malignancy
1057
1060
EN
Adiposity is a well-recognized risk factor of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and recently thereis increasing evidence that excess body weight is an avoidable cause of cancer, including gastrointestinal,endometrial, esophageal adenocarcinoma, colorectal, postmenopausal breast, prostate, and renal malignancies.The mechanisms whereby adiposity is associated with tumor development remains not well understood. There aresome most studied hypothesized mechanisms such as, high levels of insulin and free levels of insulin-like growthfactors, sex hormones, adipocytokines, and inflammatory cytokines, adiposity-induced hypoxia, and so on. Thepotential mechanisms and conclusions in adiposity associated with increased risk for developing malignancy,and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms will be studied very well in the near future.
Perspectives,adiposity,Malignancy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28707.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28707_4f9f1ea75101cc1d565c19b597752b5b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Is it Rational to Continue Anti-Neoplastics with Minimal Toxicity even after Progression in Patients with no other Options? Possibly Yes
1061
1062
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28708.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28708_aae37c5d78a6d561d7d2ff85505edb2a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Predictive Role of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Sorafenib
1063
1064
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28709.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28709_119233c641461aaeb92d8f4bab47423a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
2
2014
02
01
Prevalence of Common YMDD Motif Mutations in Long Term Treated Chronic HBV Infections in a Turkish Population
1065
1066
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28710.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28710_636b129bd921aa4821b13b27523e3f3e.pdf