West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Molecular Mechanisms of Casticin Action: an Update on its Antitumor Functions
9049
9058
EN
Casticin (3’, 5-dihydroxy-3, 4’, 6, 7-tetramethoxyflavone) is an active compound isolated from roots, stems,leaves, fruits and seeds of a variety of plants. It is well known for its pharmacological properties and hasbeen utilized as an anti-hyperprolactinemia, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotetective, analgesic andimmunomodulatory agent. Recently, the anticancer activity of casticin has been extensively investigated. Theresulkts showed that it exerts protective potential by targeting apoptosis, considered important for cancertherapies. In this article, our aim was to review the pharmacological and therapeutic applications of casticinwith specific emphasis on its anticancer functions and related molecular mechanisms. Chemotherapeutic effectsare dependent on multiple molecular pathways, which may provide a new perspective of casticin as a candidateanti-neoplastic drug. This review suggests that additional studies and preclinical trials are required to determinespecific intracellular sites of action and derivative targets in order to fully understand the mechanisms of itsantitumor activity and validate this compound as a medicinal agent for the prevention and treatment of variouscancers.
Casticin,Flavonoid,natural compounds,Cancer therapy,Apoptosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30039.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30039_4442b849e2cade72d053ff66fdd1ffb0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
microRNA-29b: an Emerging Player in Human Cancer
9059
9064
EN
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ubiquitously expressed small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate geneexpression at a post transcriptional/translational level. They have emerging as playing crucial roles in cancerat all stages ranging from initiation to metastasis. As a tumor suppressor miRNA, aberrant expression ofmicroRNA-29b (miR-29b) has been detected in various types of cancer, and its disturbance is related withtumor development and progression. In this review, we summarize the latest findings with regard to the tumorsuppressor signatureof miR-29b and its regulatory mechanisms. Our review highlights the diverse relationshipsbetween miR-29b and its target genes in malignant tumors.
MicroRNAs,Gene expression,tumor suppressor,Gene Therapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30040.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30040_d2076e0ffac889958f3d54810d1e9f54.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Risk Factors for Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Japanese Population
9065
9070
EN
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is high in Western and Northern Europe and North America, andlow in Asia. Although the incidence of RCC in Japan is lower than the rates in the other industrialized countries,there is no doubt that it is increasing. In this paper, we would like to introduce the summary of findings of JACCstudy, which evaluate the risk factors for RCC in a Japanese population. JACC study suggests nine risk factors(i.e., smoking, obesity, low physical activity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, kidney diseases, beef, fondness forfatty food and black tea) and one preventive factor (i.e., starchy roots such as taro, sweet potato and potato) ina Japanese population. In Japan, however, drinking black tea may be a surrogate for westernized dietary habitswhile eating starchy roots may be a surrogate for traditional Japanese dietary habits. Further studies may beneeded to evaluate risk factors for RCC because the number of cases is small in our studies.
renal cell carcinoma,risk factor,Japan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30050.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30050_c419f4d683401c03cf7f6369b8991f7f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
miR-205 in Situ Expression and Localization in Head and Neck Tumors - a Tissue Array Study
9071
9075
EN
<b>Background:</b> microRNAs are small non-coding RNA that control gene expression by mRNA degradation ortranslational inhibition. These molecules are known to play essential roles in many biological and physiologicalprocesses. miR-205 may be differentially expressed in head and neck cancers; however, there are conflictingdata and localization of expression has yet to be determined. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: miR-205 expression wasinvestigated in 48 cases of inflammatory, benign and malignant tumor tissue array of the neck, oronasopharynx,larynx and salivary glands by Locked Nucleic Acid in situ hybridization (LNA-ISH) technology. <br/><b>Results</b>: miR-205expression was significantly differentially expressed across all of the inflammatory, benign and malignant tumortissues of the neck. A significant increase in miR-205 staining intensity (p<0.05) was observed from inflammationto benign and malignant tumors in head and neck tissue array, suggesting that miR-205 could be a biomarkerto differentiate between cancer and non-cancer tissues. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: LNA-ISH revealed that miR-205 exhibitedsignificant differential cytoplasmic and nuclear staining among inflammation, benign and malignant tumors ofhead and neck. miR-205 was not only exclusively expressed in squamous epithelial malignancy. This study offersinformation and a basis for a comprehensive study of the role of miR-205 that may be useful as a biomarkerand/or therapeutic target in head and neck tumors.
MiR-205,Head and neck cancers,FFPE,locked nucleic acid,in situ hybridization,tumor tissue array
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30052.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30052_daa7f9c95c6cd84e700b07d5841ee3dd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Assessing the Diagnostic Value of Serum Dickkopf-related Protein 1 Levels in Cancer Detection: a Case-control Study and Meta-analysis
9077
9083
EN
<b>Background:</b> This study aimed to summarize the potential diagnostic value of serum DKK1 levels in cancerdetection. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Serum DKK1 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayin a case-control study. Then we performed a meta-analysis and the pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnosticodds ratio, and summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curves were used to evaluate the overalltest performance. <br/><b>Results</b>: Serum DKK1 levels were found to be significantly upregulated in gastric cancer ascompared to controls. ROC curve analysis revealed an AUC of 0.636, indicating the test has the potential todiagnose cancer with poor accuracy. The summary estimates of the pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnosticodds ratio in meta-analysis were 0.55 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.53-0.57), 0.86 (95%CI, 0.84-0.88)and 12.25 (95%CI, 5.31-28.28), respectively. The area under the sROC was 0.85. Subgroup analysis revealedthat the diagnostic accuracy of serum DKK1 in lung cancer (sensitivity: 0.69 with 95%CI, 0.66-0.74; specificity:0.95 with 95%CI, 0.92-0.97; diagnostic odds ratio: 44.93 with 95%CI, 26.19-77.08) was significantly higher thanfor any other cancer. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Serum DKK1 might be useful as a noninvasive method for confirmation ofcancer diagnosis, particularly in the case of lung cancer.
Serum DKK1,cancer,Diagnosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30054.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30054_6908ffda0baa0f7b9fa5bb33572c584a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Phytoestrogen Intake and Risk of Ovarian Cancer: a Meta-Analysis of 10 Observational Studies
9085
9091
EN
<b>Background:</b> Epidemiology studies have shown an inconclusive relationship between phytoestrogen intake andovarian cancer risk and there have been no relevant meta-analyses directly regarding this topic. The purpose ofthe present meta-analysis was therefore to investigate any association between phytoestrogen intake and ovariancancer in detail. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We conducted a search of PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, the CochraneLibrary, CNKI and Chinese Biomedical Database (up to April 2014) using common keywords for studies thatfocused on phytoestrogen and ovarian cancer risk. Study-specific risk estimates (RRs) were pooled using fixedeffect or random-effect models. <br/><b>Results</b>: Ten epidemiologic studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. Thetotal results indicated higher phytoestrogen intake was associated with a reduced ovarian cancer risk (RR, 0.70;95%CI: 0.56-0.87). The association was similar in sensitivity analysis. Meta regression analysis demonstratedsources and possibly types and regions as heterogeneous factors. Subgroup analysis of types, sources and regionsshowed that isoflavones (RR: 0.63; 95%CI: 0.46, 0.86), soy foods (RR: 0.51; 95%CI: 0.39, 0.68) and an Asian diet(RR: 0.48; 95%CI: 0.37, 0.63) intake could reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our findingsshow possible protection by phytoestrogens against ovarian cancer. We emphasize specific phytoestrogens fromsoy foods, but not all could reduce the risk. The habit of plentiful phytoestrogen intake by Asians is worthy torecommendation. However, we still need additional larger well designed observational studies to fully characterizeunderlying associations.
Phytoestrogen,Ovarian Cancer,Meta-analysis,isoflavones,soy food
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30057.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30057_6ffa401477042562b6278346e61b8b12.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Lack of Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Genetic Polymorphisms on Breast Cancer Risk: a Case-Control Study and Pooled Analysis
9093
9099
EN
A growing body of evidence suggests that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ)gene may harbor targets for the chemoprevention of breast cancer. However, it is unclear whether polymorphismsin the PPARγ gene are associated with the susceptibility of breast cancer. We performed a candidate geneassociation study between PPARγ polymorphisms and breast cancer and a meta-analysis on the association ofbreast cancer with selected PPARγ variants. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PPARγ genewere analyzed among 456 breast cancer patients and 461 controls from the National Cancer Center in Korea.Association between the polymorphisms and breast cancer risk were assessed using the Cochrane-Armitage testfor trend and a multivariate logistic regression model. Two SNPs, rs3856806 and rs1801282, had been previouslyanalyzed, thus enabling us to perform pooled analyses on their associations with breast cancer susceptibility.Our findings from the candidate gene association study showed no association between the PPARγ genepolymorphisms and breast cancer risk. A meta-analysis combining existing studies and our current study alsorefuted an association of the PPARγ gene with breast cancer. Our findings suggest that the PPARγ gene may notharbor variants that alter breast cancer susceptibility, although a moderate sample size might have precludeda decisive conclusion.
PPARγ,Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms,breast cancer,Susceptibility
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30059.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30059_59e447b091a95aa61834c039c7c25615.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Comparison of Automated Breast Volume Scanning and Hand-Held Ultrasound in the Detection of Breast Cancer: an Analysis of 5,566 Patient Evaluations
9101
9105
EN
<b>Background:</b> The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy and effectiveness of automated breastvolume scanning (ABVS) and hand-held ultrasound (HHUS) in the detection of breast cancer in a large populationgroup with a long-term follow-up, and to investigate whether different ultrasound systems may influence theestimation of cancer detection. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Institutional review board approval was obtained forthis retrospective study, and informed consent was waived. From September 2010 to August 2011, a total of1,866 ABVS and 3,700 HHUS participants, who underwent these procedures at our institute, were includedin this study. Cancers occurring during the study and subsequent follow-up were evaluated. The referencestandard was a combination of histology and follow-up imaging (≥12 months). The recall rate, cancer detectionyield, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values werecalculated with exact 95% confidence intervals. <br/><b>Results</b>: The recall rate was 2.57 per 1,000 (48/1,866) for ABVSand 3.57 per 1,000 (132/3,700) for HHUS, with а significant difference (p=0.048). The cancer detection yieldwas 3.8 per 1,000 for ABVS and 2.7 per 1,000 for HHUS. The diagnostic accuracy was 97.7% for ABVS and96.5% for HHUS with statistical significance (p=0.018). The specificity of ABVS and HHUS were 97.8%, 96.7%,respectively (p=0.022). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: ABVS shows a comparable diagnostic performance to HHUS. ABVS is aneffective supplemental tool for mammography in breast cancer detection in a large population.
breast cancer,automated breast volume scanning,Ultrasound,Screening
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30062.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30062_bec84c36ab7894b16bad6cacd1cdeaa1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
PLCE1 rs2274223 Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Esophageal Cancer: a Meta-analysis
9107
9112
EN
Purpose: To investigate and study the relationship between the PLCE1 rs2274223 gene polymorphism andsusceptibility to esophageal cancer by meta-analysis. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The literature was searched inWanfang, CNKI, PubMed, CBM, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Springer, Elsevier and Cochranedatabases from the date of January 1st 2004 to April 1st 2014 to collect case-control studies on the PLCE1polymorphism and susceptibility to esophageal cancer. For the population genotype distributions of bothesophagus cancer and control groups, their odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were takenas effect indexes. Disqualified studies were excluded. Odds ratios of PLCE1 rs2274223 genotype distributionsin the group of patients with esophageal cancer and the group of healthy control were calculated. The metaanalysissoftware, RevMan5.0, was applied for heterogeneity test, pooled OR and 95% confidence intervals.Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also explored. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of twelve case-control studies wereincluded, covering a total of 9, 912 esophageal cancer cases and 13, 023 controls were included. The pooledodds ratio of PLCE1 rs2274223 genotype GA vs AA was 1.29 (95%CI=1.17~1.43), p<0.01, GG vs AA was 1.65(95%CI=1.32~2.05), p<0.01, GG/GA vs AA was 1.30 (95%CI=1.16~1.46), p<0.01 and GG vs GA/AA was 1.48(95%CI=1.22~1.80), p<0.01. The PLCE1 rs2274223 polymorphism was thus associated with risk of esophagealcancer in all genetic models. In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, and source of controls, no significantlyincreased risk was observed for white persons. There was no obvious publication bias detected. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:This meta-analysis showed there was a significantly association between PLCE1 rs2274223 polymorphism andesophageal cancer in yellow race populations. Due to some minor limitations, our findings should be confirmedin further studies.
Esophageal Cancer,PLCE1 rs2274223,gene polymorphism,Meta-analysis,Case-control study
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30064.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30064_d51137266eadd6c9e93fba3234ded353.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Application of Laparospic Ultrasonography in Surgery of Small Renal Cell Carcinoma
9113
9116
EN
Purpose: : To assess the clinic value of application of laparospic ultrasonography (LU) in partial nephrectomyof small renal cell carcinoma. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: From 2007 to 2011, 28 small renal cell carcinomapatients in ou clinic underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with LU. For comparison with preoperativeconventional ultrasound and CT, we collected ultrasonic performance of the affected side kidney, renal tumorlocation, size, echo change, blood supply situation and the relationship with the surrounding tissue. <br/><b>Results</b>:LU could more clearly show the tumor interior structure and blood supply, as well as the relationship with thesurrounding tissue. It also can provided doctor assistance with real-time tumor resection, reducing operativecomplications. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: LU can clearly show tumor internal structure and blood supply, which is helpfulfor explicit diagnosis. Moreover, it supplies accurate information for surgeons and assists surgery. ThereforeLU has an important guiding value in partial nephrectomy for small renal cell carcinoma.
Laparoscopic ultrasonography,small renal cell carcinoma,laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30067.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30067_d938675cdfb8a34a8d49da07d4bcb79a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Knowledge, Perception and Attitude Towards Human Papillomavirus among Pre-university Students in Malaysia
9117
9123
EN
<b>Background:</b> To evaluate the knowledge, perception and attitudes towards human papilloma virus (HPV)among pre-university students in Malaysia. Study design : In this cross sectional study, between November 2013to March 2014, in a public university, a convenient sampling method was used. A total of 716 respondents wererecruited and interviewed with a set of standard questionnaires for assessment of knowledge, perception andattitudes towards HPV and predictor variables associated with level of knowledge. <br/><b>Results</b>: Almost half (48.9%)of the respondents scored less than 5 and were categorised as having poor knowledge. Three hundred and twelve(43.6%) respondents had moderate knowledge and only 54 (7.5%) respondents exhibited good knowledge withthe score of 11 and above. Only 142 (20%) students perceived themselves to be vulnerable to HPV infectionthough 560 (78.2%) students thought that HPV infection is a serious disease. Perceived benefits and desire tobe vaccinated were significantly associated with gender (p=0.000) and knowledge of HPV vaccine and cervicalcancer (p=0.000). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The level of knowledge regarding HPV among the pre-university students waslow. However, student intention for vaccination increased with increasing level of knowledge. Thus, efforts toimprove knowledge and awareness should be prioritised to increase uptake of the HPV vaccination programmeand hence reduce morbidity and mortality from consequences of HPV infection, including cervical carcinoma.
human papillomavirus vaccine,cervical cancer,Knowledge,Attitude,Perception,Malaysian students
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30068.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30068_9b717f881a5253ec3b2c20ca1939e82a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Prostate Cancer Incidence in Turkey: An Epidemiological Study
9125
9130
EN
<b>Background:</b> This study aimed to determine the incidence of prostate cancer in Turkey in a population-basedsample, and to determine clinical and pathological characteristics of the cases. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Allnewly diagnosed prostate cancer patients were included in this national, multi-centered, prospective and noninterventionalepidemiological registry study conducted in 12 cities representing the 12 regions of Turkey fromJuly 2008 to June 2009. The population-based sample comprised 4,150 patients with a recent prostate cancerdiagnosis. <br/><b>Results</b>: Age-adjusted prostate cancer incidence rate was 35 cases per 100,000 in Turkey. At the timeof diagnosis, median age was 68, median PSA level was 10.0 ng/mL. Digital rectal examination was abnormal in36.2% of 3,218 tested cases. Most patients had urologic complaints. The main diagnostic method was transrectalultrasound guided biopsy (87.8%). Gleason score was ≤6 in 49.1%, 7 in 27.8% and >7 in 20.6% of the cases.There was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum PSA level and Gleason score (p=0.000).The majority of patients (54.4%) had clinical stage T1c. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This is the first population-based nationaldata of incidence with the histopathological characteristics of prostate cancer in Turkey. Prostate cancer remainsan important public health concern in Turkey with continual increase in the incidence and significant burdenon healthcare resources.
Prostate Cancer,Incidence,patient profile,histopathological characteristics,Turkey
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30071.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30071_c7b0667d38c475dc724db6ebdff4db27.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Analysis of the Biological Function of ELDF15 Using an Antisense Recombinant Expression Vector
9131
9136
EN
ELDF15, homologous with AT2 receptor-interaction protein 1 (ATIP1), may play an important role in celldifferentiation, proliferation, and carcinogenesis. We aimed to understand the biological function of ELDF15 viaconstruction and transfection of a recombinant expression vector containing antisense ELDF15. Recombinantexpression vectors were successfully constructed and transfected into K562 cells. A stable transfectant, knownas pXJ41-asELDF15, stably produced antisense ELDF15. Compared with K562 and K562-zeo cells, K562-pXJ41-asELDF15 cells showed inhibition of cell proliferation. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression andprotein level of ELDF15 decreased significantly in K562 cells transfected with pXJ41-asELDF15. Expressionof hemoglobin increased in K562 cells transfected with pXJ41-asELDF15 by benzidine staining. increases NBTreduction activity in K562 cells transfected with pXJ41-asELDF15.Colony forming efficiency in two-layer softagar was clearly inhibited as assessed by electron microscopy. These results suggest that ELDF15 plays a potentialrole in cell differentiation, proliferation and carcinogenesis.
ELDF15,Gene,Cell proliferation,differentiation,antisense technology,carcinogenesis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30073.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30073_1d5ad032224e02d2d284448de13ed4bd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Overexpression and Clinicopathological Contribution of DcR3 in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Tissues
9137
9142
EN
<b>Background:</b> To explore the expression of DcR3 protein and its clinicopathological significance in bladderurothelial carcinomas (BUC). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect theexpression of DcR3, caspase-3, Bcl-2, VEGF, Ki-67, PCNA and P53 in 166 BUC and 56 normal bladder tissues.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of DcR3 in the supernatants of cultured BUC cells. <br/><b>Results</b>:Overexpression of DcR3 was found in BUC tissues and cell lines, with significant elevation as compared to normalbladder tissues (p<0.0001). Higher DcR3 expression was related to the status of invasion, lymph node metastasisand recurrence. Furthermore, DcR3 expression was negatively correlated with caspase-3 and positively associatedwith Bcl-2, VEGF, Ki-67 labeling index (LI), PCNA LI and P53 (all p<0.0001), respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: DcR3may play a crucial role as an oncogene in tumorigenesis, deterioration and progress of BUC via influencingrelated pathways of apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis. The detection of DcR3 protein in the formalinfixedand paraffin-embedded samples could assist to predict in prognosis of BUC patients.
DcR3,BUC,Tumorigenesis,Invasion,Metastasis,Recurrence
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30075.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30075_8968ff51d50e220067834447e53457e3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Pancreatic Carcinoma, Thrombosis and Mean Platelet Volume: Single Center Experience from the Southeast Region of Turkey
9143
9146
EN
<b>Background:</b> The aim of this study was to investigate the general characteristics of patients with deep veinthrombosis (DVT) and pancreatic cancer as well as evaluate the relationship between mean platelet volume (MPV),DVT and survival. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Seventy-seven patients with pancreatic cancer, who were admittedto Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Oncology, were enrolled in the study <br/><b>Results</b>:The mean age was 59±20. Forty-nine (63.6%) were men and 28 women (36.4%) . Sixty-eight (88.3%) patientshad adenocarcinoma and 9 (11.7%) had a malignant epithelial tumor. Thirty-six (46.7%) had liver metastasis atdiagnosis. Twenty-six (33.8%) patients were alive, 20 (26%) were dead and in 31 (40.2%) the status was unknown.Only 14 (18.1%) patients had DVT. In 42 (54.5%) patients MPV values were normal, in 28 (36.4%) patientsthey were above normal, and in 7 (9.1%) patients they were below normal. There was no statistically significantdifference between gender, tumour localization, chemotherapy and survival rates (p:0.56, p:0.11, p:0.21). Therewas no significant difference between DVT, gender, localisation, histological subtype, the presence of metastasis,stage and if the patient had been treated with chemotherapy (p:0.5, p:0.6, p:0.2, p:0.32, p:0.1, p:0.84). Therewas also no significant difference between MPV and DVT (p:0.57) but there was a significant difference betweenliver metastasis and DVT (p:0.02). Age, stage, the presence of metastasis and DVT were prognostic in pancreaticcancer patients. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Cases of pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis should be studied more carefullyas thrombosis is more common in these patients.
pancreatic carcinoma,MPV,Thrombosis,survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30077.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30077_523177f33ee8ede138c851a2b65b4337.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Effectiveness of Interventions to Increase Screening for Gastric and Colorectal Cancer in Korea
9147
9151
EN
Public health centers in Korea play an important role at the community level in encouraging residents toparticipate in cancer screening, usually by sending reminders in the mail and by making phone calls. However,there have not been any studies on the effectiveness of these interventions by public health centers in Korea. Thepurpose of this study was to evaluate this question. The study was limited to male subjects aged 50-59 years livingin one district of Daegu, Korea. A total of 923 subjects were selected for the study among the target population forgastric and colorectal cancer screening as part of the National Cancer Screening Program in 2012. The subjectswere randomly assigned to one of four groups: control, postal intervention, telephone intervention, and telephoneand postal intervention. Three months after the interventions, the results were confirmed by the National HealthInsurance Corporation. Logistic regression analyses were performed to find differences in participation rates incancer screening for each group. Men who received telephone and postal intervention were most likely (40.5%)to undergo gastric cancer screening, in comparison to the men who received telephone intervention only (31.7%),postal intervention only (22.2%) and those in the control group (17.9%). Also, men who received telephone andpostal intervention were most likely (27.8%) to participate in colorectal cancer screening, followed by the menwho received telephone intervention only (24.3%), postal intervention only (16.5%), and men in the controlgroup (13.5%). Combined telephone and postal intervention and telephone only intervention as well producedsignificantly increased rates of participation in cancer screening in comparison to the control group. There wasno significant difference, however, between the postal intervention only and control groups for either colorectalor gastric cancer screening.
cancer screening,effectiveness of intervention,public health center,postal,telephone,Korea
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30080.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30080_a275fd11b288586a82d4b06cf1ea5f53.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
N-Butanol Extract of Capparis spinosa L. Induces Apoptosis Primarily Through a Mitochondrial Pathway Involving mPTP Open, Cytochrome C Release and Caspase Activation
9153
9157
EN
<b>Background:</b> Capparis spinosa L., a Uygur medicine, had been shown to have anti-tumor activity in our earlyexperiments with an N-butanol extract (CSBE) as its active fraction. However, the mechanisms responsible forits effects are not clearly understood. Here, we report that treatment of SGC-7901 cells with CSBE resulted indose-dependent reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: To observe theinhibitory and killing effects of CSBE on SGC-7901, the SRB method was adopted, apoptosis being observedby electron microscopy. To clarify the mechanisms of apoptosis, Western blot and enzyme-labeled methodswere used to examine the release of cytochrome c (Cyt c) and the activation of the caspase cascade. <br/><b>Results</b>: Byelectron microscopy, apoptotic morphologic changes were detectable after CSBE administration. In this study, itwas also demonstrated that CSBE induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells by inhibiting mPTP open, mitochondrialcytochrome c release, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The findings indicated that CSBE inducesaap optosis through mitochondrial pathway.
Capparis spinosa L,n-butanol extract,mitochondrial pathway,Apoptosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30082.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30082_1dc3af66bbf3fcece695a0ee4730be5a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Apoptotic Effects of Eugenol-loaded Nanoemulsions in Human Colon and Liver Cancer Cell Lines
9159
9164
EN
<b>Background:</b> In this study eugenol (EU) loaded nanoemulsions (NEs) emulsified with modified starch wereprepared and their apoptotic potential against liver and colon cancer cells was examined in comparison withbulk EU. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We prepared stable EU loaded NEs whcih were characterized by dynamiclight scattering, centrifugation and gas chromatography. Furthermore, cell viability was determined using MTTassay, and apoptosis and cell cycle analysess by flow cytometry. <br/><b>Results</b>: HB8065 (liver) and HTB37 (colon) cellswhen treated with EU:CA NEs demonstrated greater apoptotic cells percentages as evidenced by microscopicimages and flow cytometric evaluations. It was observed that EU and EU:CA NE induced apoptosis in both celllines via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The present study demonstrated that ROSplays a critical role in EU and EU:CA NE induced apoptosis in HB8065 and HTB37 cells. This is the first reporton the antiproliferative mechanisms of EU loaded NE.
reactive oxygen species,Liver,colon cell line,Eugenol,eugenol nanoemulsion
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30084.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30084_668c1e69773b96f3eef7a8e09033332b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Caring for Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma in Japan: Evaluation of a Palliative Care Educational Program
9165
9170
EN
Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of an Educational Program on Palliative Care for MPM for Nurses inJapan. Program: The 5-h program consisted of lectures and care planning group work. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:This study used a pretest–posttest design with a single cohort of nurses and included a Difficulties in PalliativeCare for Patients with MPM (DPCMPM) Scale with 15 items. The pre- and posttest scores were compared usinga t-test. <br/><b>Results</b>: We included 27 female nurses with a mean of 14.4 years of nursing experience. In 12 of 15DPCMPM items, the posttest difficulty scores were lower than the pretest scores. Participants highly evaluatedthe program for validity, clarity, clinical usefulness, and the facilitators. The Palliative Care for MPM Handbookfor Nurses was developed as an educational tool for clinical settings. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The Educational Program onPalliative Care for MPM for Nurses was effective in reducing nursing difficulties.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma,palliative care,education,Asbestos,Quality of Life
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30086.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30086_6107f1c5d38031734ca40ab8d1a12866.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Helicobacter pylori Infection and a P53 Codon 72 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: a Reason for an Unexplained Asian Enigma
9171
9176
EN
Aim: P53, the most commonly mutated tumor suppressor gene in all types of human cancer, is involvedin cell cycle arrest and control of apoptosis. Although p53 contains several polymorphic sites, the codon 72polymorphism is by far more common. There are divergent reports but many studies suggest p53 pro/pro SNPmay be associated with susceptibility to developing various cancers in different regions of the world. The presentstudy aimed to find any correlation between H. pylori infection and progression of carcinogenesis, by studyingapoptosis and the p53 gene in gastric biopsies from north Indian population. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of921 biopsies were collected and tested for prevalence of H. pylori by rapid urease test (RUT), imprint cytologyand histology. Apoptosis was studied by the TUNEL method. Analysis of p53 gene polymorphism at codon 72was accomplished by PCR using restriction enzyme BstU1. Observation: Out of 921 samples tested 56.7% (543)were H. pylori positive by the three techniques. The mean apoptotic index (AI) in the normal group was 2.12,while gastritis had the maximum 4.24 followed by gastric ulcer 2.28, gastropathy 2.22 and duodenal ulcer 2.08.Mean AI in cases with gastric cancer (1.72) was less than the normal group. The analysis of p53 72 SNP revealedthat p53 (Arg/Arg), (Pro /Arg) variant are higher (40.59% & 33.66%) as compared to p53 pro/pro variant(25.74%) inthe healthy population. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The North Indian population harbors Arg or Pro/Arg SNP thatis capable of withstanding stress conditions; this may be the reason of low incidence of gastric disease in spiteof high infection with H. pylori. There was no significant association with H. pylori infection and AI. However,there is increased apoptosis in gastritis which may occur independent of H. pylori or p53 polymorphism.
p53 polymorphism,Helicobacter pylori,Gastric cancer,apoptotic index,North India
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30088.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30088_fdd9163f5b1359b357ef0c1a8b9315f3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Polymorphic Variation of Inflammation-related Genes and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma for Uygur and Han Chinese in Xinjiang
9177
9183
EN
Polymorphisms of inflammation-related genes have been found to be associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL) or some of its subtypes, but only a few relevant data have been reported in China. In this study, theSnapshot method was used to assess genetic variation; a total of 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 6inflammatory factors in 157 NHL cases (64 Uygur ethnic subjects, 93 Han Chinese) and 435 controls (231 Uygurand 204 Han Chinese) were studied from the Xinjiang province of China. Haplotype distribution was estimatedusing PHASE 2.3 software. Statistical differences in the genotype and haplotype frequencies between case andcontrol groups were also considered and estimated. For the Han population, the geneotype distributions for TNF-αrs1800629, TNF-αrs1800630, IL-6 rs1800795, IL-6 rs1800797, NF-KB1 rs1585215 and TLR-4 rs4986790 showedsignificant differences between the case and control groups (p<0.05). The TNF-α gene frequencies of ACG andCCA haplotypes in the cases were higher than in the controls (OR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.55-3.89, p=0.0002, OR=2.53,95% CI: 1.10-5.80, p=0.029, respectively), and the same findings were detected for TNF-β gene CA haplotype(OR=1.87, 95% CI: 1.21-2.90, p=0.0054). However, for the Uygur population, no such significant differenceswere detected within the gene-type distribution of the 14 SNPs. The TNF-α gene frequency of the CCA haplotypebetween the two groups (OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.11-3.51, p=0.021) revealed a statistically significant difference.Our results showed that polymorphic variations of inflammation-related genes could be important to the NHLetiology of the Han population, and that these may only have limited influence on the Uygur population.
Inflammation-related genes,Non-Hodgkin lymphoma,SNPs,Uygur,Han,ethnicity
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30091.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30091_912cb85e6b2368de601bc1ef6ccd09c2.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
MiR-1297 Regulates the Growth, Migration and Invasion of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Targeting Cyclo-oxygenase-2
9185
9190
EN
Cyclo-oxygenase-2(Cox-2), a key regulator of inflammation-producing prostaglandins, promotes cellproliferation and growth. Therefore, a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of Cox-2 could leadto novel targeted cancer therapies. MicroRNAs are strongly implicated in colorectal cancer but their specificroles and functions have yet to be fully elucidated. MiR-1297 plays an important role in lung adenocarcinomaand laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, but its significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) has yet to be reported.In our present study, we found miR-1297 to be down regulated in both CRC-derived cell lines and clinical CRCsamples, when compared with normal tissues. Furthermore, miR-1297 could inhibit human colorectal cancerLOVO and HCT116 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo by targetingCox-2. Moreover, miR-1297 directly binds to the 3`-UTR of Cox-2, and the expression level was drasticallydecreased in LOVO and HCT116 cells following overexpression of miR-1297. Additionally, Cox-2 expressionlevels are inversely correlated with miR-1297 expression in human colorectal cancer xenograft tissues. Theseresults imply that miR-1297 has the potential to provide a new approach to colorectal cancer therapy by directlyinhibiting Cox-2 expression.
COX-2,miR,miR1297,colorectal cancer,HCT116 cells,LoVo cells
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30093.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30093_61754bd542319967b9304982289b8c01.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Health Locus of Control in Indonesian Women with Breast Cancer: a Comparison with Healthy Women
9191
9197
EN
The aims of this study were to assess whether Indonesian women with breast cancer havea higher externalhealth locus of control (HLC) than healthy women, and to explore the association between HLC and symptomsof anxiety and depression. In this study, 120 consecutive women with breast cancer were recruited at theoutpatient surgical oncology clinic at the Hasan Sadikin Hospital in Bandung. One hundred and twenty twohealthy women were recruited from the Bandung area as controls. A standard demographic form, Form C of theMultidimensional Health Locus of Control, as well as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and patients’medical records were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson’s correlation, MANOVAand multiple linear regressions. Women with breast cancer had higher scores on all external HLC subscales,i.e. chance, doctor, powerful others and God, and lower internal HLC compared to healthy women. High GodLHC scores were associated with a high level of anxiety (β=0.21, p<0.05), whereas none of the HLC subscaleswere associated with depression. Our results suggest that women with breast cancer tend to have high externalHLC, while healthy women tend to have high internal HLC. A strong belief in an external source of control, i.e.God, might be negatively associated with patient emotional adjustment. Further research is needed to give aninsight into the direction of this association.
Health locus of control,Anxiety,depression,breast cancer,Indonesia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30095.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30095_5f5e3ee3cb650109e3413164f9ca6d7b.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Influence of Ethnicity on Survival of Breast Cancer Patients in Turkey
9199
9202
EN
<b>Background:</b> Kurdish women with breast cancer have more unfavorable prognostic factors than theirTurkish and Arab counterparts. However, the effects of these factors on breast cancer survival among theseethnic groups remain unclear. We therefore investigated the impact of ethnicity on survival in breast cancerpatients in Turkey. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Ethnicity, age, stage at diagnosis, tumor characteristics, treatmentsgiven (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy), and survival times were recorded. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the overall survival times and survival plots. Log-rank test was used tocompare the survival curves.<br/><b>Results</b>: Of the 723 breast cancer patients included in the study, 496 (68.7%) wereTurkish, 189 (26.2%) were Kurdish, 37 (5.1%) were Arabic and 1 was Armenian. Kurdish women with breastcancer had larger tumor sizes and higher rates of hormone receptor negative tumors than Turkish and Arabpatients. Mean follow-up time was 118.4 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 95.4-141.3] months, and it was 129.9(95% CI: 93.7-166.2), 124.2 (95% CI: 108.4-140.1) and 103.1 (95% CI: 85.9-120.4) months for Turkish, Arabicand Kurdish patients, respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Kurdish ethnicity is associated with higher rates of hormonereceptor negative and triple-negative tumors and with worse survival. Clinical and epidemiological research iswarranted to elucidate reasons underlying overall survival, variations in tumor biology, differences in treatmentresponsiveness, and effects of social factors among ethnic groups in Turkey.
breast cancer,ethnicity,hormone receptor status,survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30098.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30098_65f8c90a284cfb232ff8f405b0647fc8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Association of CYP2E1 and NAT2 Polymorphisms with Lung Cancer Susceptibility among Mongolian and Han Populations in the Inner Mongolian Region
9203
9210
EN
Purpose: To explore associations of CYP2E1 and NAT2 polymorphisms with lung cancer susceptibilityamong Mongolian and Han populations in the Inner Mongolian region. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: CYP2E1 andNAT2 polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP in 930 lung cancer patients and 1000 controls. <br/><b>Results</b>: (1)Disequilibrium of the distribution of NAT2 polymorphism was found in lung cancer patients among Han andMongolian populations (p=0.031). (2) Lung cancer risk was higher in individuals with c1, D allele of CYP2E1RsaI/PstI, DraI polymorphisms and slow acetylation of NAT2 (c1 compared with c2, OR=1.382, 95%CI: 1.178-1.587, p=0.003; D compared with C, OR=1.241, 95%CI: 1.053-1.419, P<0.001; slow acetylation compared withrapid acetylation, OR=1.359, 95%CI:1.042-1.768, p=0.056) (3) Compared with c2/c2 and rapid acetylation, c1/c1together with slow acetylation synergetically increased risk of lung cancer 2.83 fold. (4) Smokers with CYP2E1c1/c1, DD, and NAT2 slow acetylation have 2.365, 1.916, 1.841 fold lung cancer risk than others with c2/c2, CCand NAT2 rapid acetylation, respectively. (5) Han smokers with NAT2 slow acetylation have 1.974 fold lungcancer risk than others with rapid acetylation. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Disequilibrium distribution of NAT2 polymorphismwas found in lung cancer patients among Han and Mongolian populations. Besides, Han smokers with NAT2slow acetylation may have higher lung cancer risk compared with rapid acetylation couterparts. CYP2E1 c1/c1, DD and NAT2 slow acetylation, especially combined with smoking, contributes to the development of lungcancer. CYP2E1 c1/c1 or DD genotype and NAT2 slow acetylation have strong synergistic action in increasinglung cancer risk.
CYP2E1,NAT2,Genetic polymorphism,Lung cancer,Susceptibility
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30100.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30100_2943eb755d5f144203b2908a2fc1adfc.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Role of CXCR7 and Effects on CXCL12 in SiHa Cells and Upregulation in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Uighur Women
9211
9216
EN
CXCR7 is involved in tumor development and metastasis in multiple malignancies. However, the functionand molecular mechanisms of action of CXCR7 in human cervical cancer are still unclear. In the present studya loss of-function approach was used to observe the effects of recombinant CXCR7 specific small interferingRNA pBSilence1.1 plasmids on biological behavior including proliferative activity and invasive potential, asindicated by MTT assays with the cervical cancer SiHa cell line in vitro. Reverse transcription polymerase chainreaction and Western blotting revealed that CXCR7 was downregulated in transfected compared with controlcells, associated with inhibited cell growth, invasiveness and migration. The expression of CXCR7 and CXCL12was also determined immunohistochemically in 152 paraffin-embedded, cervical squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), or normal cervical epithelial to assess clinico-pathologicalpattern and CXCR7 status with respect to cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis in Uighur patients withCSCC. CXCR7 and CXCL12 expression was higher in cervical cancer than CIN and normal cervical mucosa,especially in those with higher stage and lymph node metastasis. CXCL12 appeared to be positively regulatedby CXCR7 at the post-transcriptional level in CSCC. We propose that aberrant expression of CXCR7 plays arole in carcinogenesis, differentiation and metastasis of CSCC, implying its use as a potential target for clinicalbiomarkers in differentiation and lymph node metastasis.
cervical cancer,CXCR7,CXCL12,Uighur women
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30103.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30103_dccdae4c414dfd55e204df6092400ca1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Wilms’ Tumor Gene (WT1) Expression Correlates with Vascular Epithelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Newly Acute Leukemia Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
9217
9223
EN
<b>Background:</b> Today, leukemia is one of the biggest problems worldwide. The Wilms’ tumor gene (WT1)and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene are highly expressed in patients with various cancers.This study concerned the relationship between expression of WT1 and VEGF in patients with acute leukemia.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We evaluated expression of WT1 mRNA and VEGF mRNA using real-time quantitativeRT-PCR in the peripheral blood (PB) of 8 newly diagnosed AML and 4 newly diagnosed ALL patients, seriallymonitored for 2 months. A further 12 normal PB samples served as controls. <br/><b>Results</b>: In the patient group, incomparison with the normal ranges, WT1 and VEGF gene expression was increased, the average values forthe expression of these two genes being 0.2852±0.11 and 0.2029±0.018, respectively. While was no significantrelevance between the two genes pre-treatment, a positive link between the two genes in 75% of patients withAML was noted during the procedure of chemotherapy, whereas in 75% of patients with ALL an antiparallelassociation was observed. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Leukemia is associated with production of WT1, which may affect theexpression of VEGF.
WT1,VEGF,Acute leukemia,Chemotherapy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30104.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30104_aea210979d6d5c03b51a18260c46b1a7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Adherence to Capecitabine Treatment and Contributing Factors among Cancer Patients in Malaysia
9225
9232
EN
Ensuring adherence to chemotherapy is important to prevent disease progression, prolong survival andsustain good quality of life. Capecitabine is a complex chemotherapeutic agent with many side effects that mightaffect patient adherence to treatment. This cross sectional study aimed to determine adherence to capecitabineand its contributing factors among cancer outpatients in Malaysia. One hundred and thirteen patients onsingle regime capecitabine were recruited from Hospital Sultan Ismail and Hospital Kuala Lumpur fromOctober 2013 to March 2014. Adherence was determined based on adherence score using validated MedicationCompliance Questionnaire. Patient socio-demographics, disease, and treatment characteristics were obtainedfrom medical records. Satisfaction score was measured using the validated Patient Satisfaction with Healthcarequestionnaire. The mean adherence score was 96.1% (standard deviation: 3.29%). The significant contributingfactors of adherence to capecitabine were Malay ethnicity [β=1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21, 2.43; pvalue=0.020], being female [β=1.8; 95%CI: 0.61, 2.99; p value=0.003]), satisfaction score [β=0.08; 95%CI: 0.06,1.46; p value=0.035], presence of nausea or vomiting [β=2.3; 95%CI: 1.12, 3.48; p value <0.001] and other sideeffects [β=1.45; 95%CI: 0.24, 2.65; p value=0.019]. Adherence to capecitabine was generally high in our localpopulation. Attention should be given to non-Malay males and patients having nausea, vomiting or other sideeffects. Sufficient information, proactive assessment and appropriate management of side effects would improvepatient satisfaction and thus create motivation to adhere to treatment plans.
Adherence,capecitabine,oral chemotherapy,ethnicity,Gender,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30105.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30105_db59fe491a6c25a15456eb3e7f08302d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Alterations in Hormonal Receptor Expression and HER2 Status between Primary Breast Tumors and Paired Nodal Metastases: Discordance Rates and Prognosis
9233
9239
EN
<b>Background:</b> We aimed to evaluate the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and humanepidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression discordance in matched pairs of primary breast cancerand lymph node metastasis specimens and determine the effect of discordance on prognosis. Materials and<br/><b>Methods</b>: Among all patients diagnosed with lymph node metastases from 2004 to 2007, primary tumors andpaired lymph node metastases were resected from 209 patients. The status of ER, PR, and HER2 expressionwas analyzed immunohistochemically in 200, 194, and 193 patients, respectively. Discordance was correlatedwith prognosis. <br/><b>Results</b>: Biomarker discordance between primary tumors and paired lymph node metastaseswas 25.0% (50/200) for ER status, 28.9% (56/194) for PR status, and 14.0% (27/193) for HER2 status. ERpositivity was a significant independent predictor of improved survival when analyzed in primary tumors andlymph node metastases. Patients with PR-positive primary tumors and paired lymph node metastases displayedsignificantly enhanced survival compared to patients with PR-positive primary tumors and PR-negative lymphnode metastases. Patients with ER- and PR-positive primary tumors and paired lymph node metastases whoreceived endocrine therapy after surgery displayed significantly better survival than those not receiving endocrinetherapy. Similalry treated patients with PR-negative primary tumors and PR-positive paired lymph nodemetastases also displayed better survival than those not receiving endocrine therapy. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Biomarkerdiscordance was observed in matched pairs of primary tumors and lymph node metastases. Such cases displayedpoor survival. Thus, it is important to reassess receptor biomarkers used for lymph node metastases.
breast cancer,Biomarker,lymph node metastases,discordance,survival
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30106.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30106_9a1dfed2441a787190b16f03c5ba92c3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Genetic Variant in CLPTM1L Confers Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer: a Replication Study in Chinese and a Meta-analysis
9241
9247
EN
<b>Background:</b> Rs31489 in the cleft lip and palate transmembrane1-like gene (CLPTM1L) has been identifiedto be associated with lung cancer through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, some recentreplication studies yielded inconclusive results. Thus, we undertook this study to investigate the precise effectof rs31489 on lung cancer susceptibility. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A hospital-based case-control study in 1,673Chinese subjects (611 individuals with lung cancer and 1,062 controls) and a meta-analysis among 32,199subjects (16,364 cases and 15,835 controls) were performed in this study. <br/><b>Results</b>: In our case-control study,rs31489 was inversely associated with lung cancer (AC versus CC: OR=0.68, 95%CI=0.52-0.88; additive model:OR=0.68, 95%CI=0.54-0.85; dominant model: OR=0.65, 95%CI =0.51-0.84). Stratification analysis by smokingstatus showed a significant association and strong genetic effect in non-smokers but not in smokers. Our metaanalysisfurther confirmed the association, although with significant heterogeneity contributed by study designand source of controls, as shown by stratified analysis. Sensitive and cumulative analyses both indicated robuststability of our results. In addition, there was no observable publication bias in our meta-analysis. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Overall, the findings from our replication study and meta-analysis demonstrated that CLPTM1L gene rs31489is significantly associated with lung cancer.
CLPTM1L,Lung cancer,Case-control study,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30107.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30107_e14e32cab69f7b71d53d213093eb8da1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Curcumin-loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Conjugated with Anti-P-glycoprotein Antibody to Overcome Multidrug Resistance
9249
9258
EN
<b>Background:</b> The encapsulation of curcumin (Cur) in polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (Cur-NPs) was designed to improve its solubility and stability. Conjugation of the Cur-NPs with anti-P-glycoprotein(P-gp) antibody (Cur-NPs-APgp) may increase their targeting to P-gp, which is highly expressed in multidrugresistance(MDR) cancer cells. This study determined whether Cur-NPs-APgp could overcome MDR in a humancervical cancer model (KB-V1 cells) in vitro and in vivo. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: First, we determined the MDRreversingproperty of Cur in P-gp-overexpressing KB-V1 cells in vitro and in vivo. Cur-NPs and Cur-NPs-APgp,in the range 150-180 nm, were constructed and subjected to an in vivo pharmacokinetic study compared withCur. The in vitro and in vivo MDR-reversing properties of Cur-NPs and Cur-NPs-APgp were then investigated.Moreover, the stability of the NPs was determined in various solutions. <br/><b>Results</b>: The combined treatment ofpaclitaxel (PTX) with Cur dramatically decreased cell viability and tumor growth compared to PTX treatmentalone. After intravenous injection, Cur-NPs-APgp and Cur-NPs could be detected in the serum up to 60 and 120min later, respectively, whereas Cur was not detected after 30 min. Pretreatment with Cur-NPs-APgp, but notwith NPs or Cur-NPs, could enhance PTX sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. The constructed NPs remaineda consistent size, proving their stability in various solutions. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our functional Cur-NPs-APgp maybe a suitable candidate for application in a drug delivery system for overcoming drug resistance. The furtherdevelopment of Cur-NPs-APgp may be beneficial to cancer patients by leading to its use as either as a MDRmodulator or as an anticancer drug.
Multidrug Resistance,curcumin,Nanoparticles,targeting drug delivery
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30108.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30108_3c0f3dd9c90589bbc61878da5ec7fe0d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Folate Pathway Gene MTHFR C677T Polymorphism and Risk of Lung Cancer in Asian Populations
9259
9264
EN
<b>Background:</b> Previous studies concerning the association between the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism with lung cancer in Asian populations have provided inconclusivefindings. Aim: A meta-analysis was performed to investigate a more reliable association between MTHFR C677Tpolymorphism and lung cancer in Asians. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A comprehensive search was conducted toidentify all case-control studies of MTHFR polymorphisms and lung cancer in Asia, using odds ratios (ORs) with95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of any association. <br/><b>Results</b>: Meta-analysis results suggestedthat the MTHFR C677T polymorphism contributed to an increased lung cancer risk in Asian populations (forT vs C: OR=1.11, 95%CI=1.0-1.23; for CT vs CC: OR= 1.1, 95%CI= 0.95-1.2 ; for TT+CT vs CC: OR=1.13,95%CI=1.0-1.30; for TT vs CC: OR=1.25, 95%CI=1.01-1.30; for TT vs CT+CC: OR=1.16, 95%CI=1.0-1.36).<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: MTHFR C677T polymorphism is significantly associated with lung cancer in Asians.
Lung cancer,Meta-analysis,methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,C677T,Asian populations
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30109.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30109_2a4d7c9dfbf8bb260390c829b0aa4d23.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Expression and Clinical Significance of miRNA-34a in Colorectal Cancer
9265
9270
EN
<b>Background:</b> The aim of this study was to investigate differences of miRNA-34a expression in benign andmalignant colorectal lesions. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Samples of cancer, paraneoplastic tissues and polypswere selected and total RNA was extracted by conventional methods for real-time PCR to detect the miRNA-34a expression. In addition, the LOVO colorectal cancer cell line was cultured, treated with the demethylatingagent 5-azacytidine and screened for differentially expressed miRNA-34a. <br/><b>Results</b>: After the drug treatment,the miRNA-34a expression of colorectal cancer cell line LOVO was increased and real-time PCR showed thatlevels of expression in both cell line and colorectal cancer tissues were low, as compared to paraneoplastic tissue(p<0.05). Polyps tissues had significantly higher expression than paraneoplastic and colorectal cancer samples(p<0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: miRNA-34a-5p may play a role as a tumor suppressor gene in colorectal cancer, withinvolvement of DNA methylation.
miRNA-34a-5p,colorectal cancer,DNA Methylation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30110.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30110_db324326d061c19f7e59ecabcbd2d551.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Prognostic Analysis of Schistosomal Rectal Cancer
9271
9275
EN
<b>Background:</b> Schistosomiasis is an infectious disease that affects more than 230 million people worldwide,according to conservative estimates. Some studies published from China and Japan reported that schistosomiasisis a risk factor for colorectal cancer in Asia where the infective species is S. japonicum. Hoqwever, there have beenonly few reports of prognosis of patients with schistosomal rectal cancer SRC. <br/><b>Objectives</b>: This study aimed toanalyze differences in prognosis between SRC and non-schistosomal rectal cancer(NSRC) with current treatments.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A retrospective review of 30 patients with schistosomal rectal cancer who underwentlaparoscopic total mesorectal excision operation (TME) was performed. For each patient with schistosomal rectalcancer, a control group who underwent laparoscopic TME with non-schistosomal rectal cancer was matched forage, gender and tumor stage, resulting in 60 cases and controls. <br/><b>Results</b>: Univariate analysis showed pathologicN stage (P=0.006) and pathologic TNM stage (P=0.047) statistically significantly correlated with disease-freesurvival (DFS). Pathologic N stage (P=0.014), pathologic TNM stage (P=0.002), and with/without schistosomiasis(P=0.026) were statistically significantly correlated with overall survival (OS). Schistosomiasis was the onlyindependent prognostic factor for DFS and OS in multivariate analysis. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The prognosis of patientswith schistosomal rectal cancer is poorer than with non-schistosomal rectal cancer.
Schistosomiasis,rectal cancer,laparoscopic resection,Prognosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30111.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30111_c0b2fa0719dd92a79ea60e37efb76859.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients According to Recurrence Time After Curative Resection for Colorectal Cancer
9277
9281
EN
Purpose: To investigate clinicopathological features in patients with recurrent colorectal cancer within 1 yearand more than 1 year after curative resection. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We retrospectively evaluated 103 patientswith disease recurrence before versus after 1 year of resection. Thirty-two patients (31%) were diagnosed withrecurrence less than 1 year after curative resection for colorectal cancer (early recurrence) and 71 (69%) after morethan 1 year (non-early recurrence). <br/><b>Results</b>: The early recurrence group displayed a significantly lower overallsurvival rate for both colon cancer (p=0, 01) and rectal cancer (p<0.001). Inadequate lymph node dissection wasa significant predictor for early relapse. There were no statistically significant differences in clinicopathologicalvariables such as age, sex, primary tumor localization, stage, depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion andperineural invasion between the early and non-early recurrence groups. However, a K-ras mutation subgroupwas significantly associated with early recurrence (p<0.001). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Poor survival is associated with earlyrecurrence for patients undergoing resection for non-metastatic colorectal cancer, as well as K-ras mutation.
Predictive and prognostic factors,early recurrence,colorectal cancer,K-ras
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30112.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30112_bb9f0b3096f6e4a095e28e04c562bfc1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Novel Mutations in the Displacement Loop of Mitochondrial DNA are Associated with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Genetic Sequencing Study
9283
9289
EN
<b>Background:</b> Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in children andrepresents approximately 25% of cancer diagnoses among those younger than 15 years of age. Materials and<br/><b>Methods</b>: This study investigated alterations in the displacement loop (d-loop) region of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) as a risk factor and diagnostic biomarker for early detection and diagnosis of acute lymphoblasticleukemia. Using mtDNA from 23 subjects diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the first 450 bp of thed-loop region were amplified and successfully sequenced. <br/><b>Results</b>: This revealed 132 mutations at 25 positionsin this region, with a mean of 6 alterations per subject. The d-loop alterations in mtDNA in subjects were allidentified as single nucleotide polymorphisms in a homoplasmic distribution pattern. Mutant alleles wereobserved in all subjects with individual frequency rates of up to 95%. Thirteen mutant alleles in the d-loopregion of mtDNA occurred with a high frequency. Novel alleles and locations were also identified in the d-loop ofmtDNA as follows: 89 G insertions (40%), 95 G insertions (13%), 182 C/T substitutions (5%), 308 C insertions(19%), and 311 C insertions (80%). The findings of this study need to be replicated to be confirmed. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Further investigation of the relationship between mutations in mitochondrial d-loop genes and incidence of acutelymphoblastic leukemia is recommended.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia,D-loop,MtDNA,mutations,genetic sequencing
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30113.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30113_b991507193214db1a0e813ddbe320876.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Gemcitabine in Treating Patients with Refractory or Relapsed Multiple Myeloma
9291
9293
EN
<b>Background:</b> Patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma are considered to have a very poorprognosis, and new regimens are needed to improve the outcome. Gemcitabine, a nucleoside antimetabolite, isan analog of deoxycytidine which mainly inhibits DNA synthesis through interfering with DNA chain elongationand depleting deoxynucleotide stores, resulting in gemcitabine-induced cell death. Here we performed a systemicanalysis to evaluate gemcitabine based chemotherapy as salvage treatment for patients with refractory andrelapsed multiple myeloma. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Clinical studies evaluating the impact of gemcitabine based regimenson response and safety for patients with refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma were identified by using apredefined search strategy. Pooled response rate (RR) of treatment were calculated. <br/><b>Results</b>: In gemcitabine basedregimens, 3 clinical studies which including 57 patients with refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma wereconsidered eligible for inclusion. Systemic analysis suggested that, in all patients, pooled RR was 15.7% (9/57)in gemcitabine based regimens. Major adverse effects were hematologic toxicity, including grade 3 or 4 anemia,leucopenia and thrombocytopenia i. No treatment related death occurred with gemcitabine based treatment.<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: This systemic analysis suggests that gemcitabine based regimens are associated with mild activitywith good tolerability in treating patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma.
multiple myeloma,relapsed/refractory cases,Chemotherapy,Gemcitabine
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30114.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30114_cee93d1de75cf7d6284d68b94d29f928.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Association between the Interleukin-17A -197G>A (rs2275913) Polymorphism and Risk of Digestive Cancer
9295
9300
EN
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a multifunctional cytokine which plays a crucial role in the initiation andprogression of cancer. To date, several studies have investigated associations between IL-17A -197G>A (rs2275913)polymorphism and digestive cancer risk, but the results remain conflicting. We here aimed to confirm the roleof this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in susceptibility to digestive cancer through a systemic reviewand meta-analysis. Ten eligible case-control studies were identified by searching electronic databases, involving3,087 cases and 3,815 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were usedto estimate the strength of the association. The results of overall analyses indicated that the variant A allele wasassociated with an increased risk of digestive cancer (AA vs GG: OR=1.51, 95%CI=1.18-1.93; AA vs GG+GA:OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.12-1.87; A vs G: OR=1.21, 95%CI=1.05-1.39). In subgroup analysis stratified by specificcancer type, elevated risk among studies of gastric cancer was found (AA vs GG: OR=1.68, 95%CI=1.24-2.28;AA vs GG+GA: OR=1.62, 95%CI=1.16-2.26; A vs G: OR=1.23, 95%CI=1.04-1.46). According to ethnicity, therewas evidence in the Asian populations for an association between this polymorphism and cancer risk (GA vs GG:OR=1.19, 95%CI=1.05-1.36; AA vs GG: OR=1.56, 95%CI=1.15-2.12; AA+GA vs GG: OR=1.28, 95%CI=1.13-1.44; AA vs GG+GA: OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.01-2.00; A vs G: OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.08-1.44), while in the Caucasianpopulations an association was found in the recessive model (AA vs GG+GA: OR=1.62, 95%CI=1.17-2.24). Inconclusion, the results of this meta-analysis suggest that the IL-17A -197G>A polymorphism contributes to anincreased risk of human digestive cancer, both in the Asian and Caucasian populations and especially for gastriccancer.
digestive cancer,Interleukin-17A,Polymorphism,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30115.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30115_745db5eebc24e40f23e0dc8d5bc61692.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Determinants of Opioid Efficiency in Cancer Pain: a Comprehensive Multivariate Analysis from a Tertiary Cancer Centre
9301
9305
EN
<b>Background:</b> Pain is one of the most terrifying symptoms for cancer patients. Although most patients withcancer pain need opioids, complete relief of pain is hard to achieve. This study investigated the factors influencingpersistent pain-free survival (PPFS) and opioid efficiency. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A prospective study wasconducted on 100 patients with cancer pain, hospitalized at the medical oncology clinic of Akdeniz University.Patient records were collected including patient demographics, the disease, treatment characteristics, and detailsof opioid usage. Pain intensity was measured using a patient self-reported visual analogue scale (VAS). The areaunder the curve (AUC) reflecting the pain load was calculated from daily VAS tables. PPFS, the primary measureof opioid efficacy, was described as the duration for which a patient reported a greater than or equal to two-pointdecline in their VAS for pain. Predictors of opioid efficacy were analysed using a multivariate analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>:In the multivariate analysis, PPFS was associated with the AUC for pain (Exp (B)=0.39 (0.23-0.67), P=0.001),the cumulative opioid dosage used during hospitalisation (Exp (B)=1.00(0.99-1.00), P=0.003) and changes in theopioid dosage (Exp (B)=1.01 (1.00-1.01), P=0.016). The change in VAS score over the standard dosage of opioidswas strongly associated with current cancer treatment (chemotherapy vs. others) (ß=-0.31, T=-2.81, P=0.007)and the VAS for pain at the time of hospitalisation (ß=-0.34, T=-3.07, P= 0.003). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The pain load,opioid dosage, concurrent usage of chemotherapy and initial pain intensity correlate with the benefit receivedfrom opioids in cancer patients.
cancer pain,Chemotherapy,Opioids,multivariate analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30116.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30116_48941b52e593a24a89feb0c60f808709.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
The Nature of Hope among Iranian Cancer Patients
9307
9312
EN
<b>Background:</b> Hope is an important coping resource for cancer patients. Types and sources of hope and hopeinspiringstrategies are not well investigated among Iranian cancer patients. The aims of present study weretherefore to investigate the nature of hope and some demographic predictors of hope among Iranian cancerpatients. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This descriptive-correlational study was undertaken among 200 cancer patientsadmitted to an educational center affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Participants wereselected using a convenience sampling method. The Herth Hope Index and other validated questionnaires wereused to investigate level of hope and types and sources of hope, as well as hope-inspiring strategies. Data wereanalyzed using SPSS statistical software. <br/><b>Results</b>: The overall score for hope was 31 from total scores rangingbetween 12 and 48. Some 94% of patients mentioned ‘return to normal life’ and ‘complete healing of diseaseby drugs and physicians’ as their main hopes. The most important sources of hope reported by patients includespiritual resources, family members, healthcare workers, and medicines and treatments available for the disease.Relationship with God, praying/blessing, controlling the signs and symptoms of the disease, and family/healthcare workers’ support were the main hope-inspiring strategies. Patients who had a history of metastasis, or whowere older, illiterate, divorced/widowed and lived with their children reported lower levels of hope. On the otherhand, employed patients and those with good support from their families had higher levels of hope. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:The study findings showed moderate to high levels of hope among Iranian cancer patients. Accordingly, the roleof spiritual/religion, family members and health care workers should be considered in developing care plans forthese patients.
hope,cancer patients,maintaining hope,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30117.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30117_6243aa5bb68560a80af6f772570528e8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Folate Deficiency and FHIT Hypermethylation and HPV 16 Infection Promote Cervical Cancerization
9313
9317
EN
Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) is a suppressor gene related to cervical cancer through CpG islandhypermethylation. Folate is a water-soluble B-vitamin and an important cofactor in one-carbon metabolism. Itmay play an essential role in cervical lesions through effects on DNA methylation. The purpose of this study wasto observe effects of folate and FHIT methylation and HPV 16 on cervical cancer progression. In this study, DNAmethylation of FHIT, serum folate level and HPV16 status were measured using methylation-specific polymerasechain reaction (MSP), radioimmunoassay (RIA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively, in 310 womenwith a diagnosis of normal cervix (NC, n=109), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN, n=101) and squamous cellcarcinoma of the cervix (SCC, n=101). There were significant differences in HPV16 status (χ2=36.64, P<0.001),CpG island methylation of FHIT (χ2=71.31, P<0.001) and serum folate level (F=4.57, P=0.011) across the cervicalhistologic groups. Interaction analysis showed that the ORs only with FHIT methylation (OR=11.47) or onlywith HPV 16 positive (OR=4.63) or with serum folate level lower than 3.19ng/ml (OR=1.68) in SCC group wereall higher than the control status of HPV 16 negative and FHIT unmethylation and serum folate level more than3.19ng/ml (OR=1). The ORs only with HPV 16 positive (OR=2.58) or with serum folate level lower than 3.19ng/ml (OR=1.28) in CIN group were all higher than the control status, but the OR only with FHIT methylation(OR=0.53) in CIN group was lower than the control status. HPV 16 positivity was associated with a 7.60-foldincreased risk of SCC with folate deficiency and with a 1.84-fold increased risk of CIN. The patients with FHITmethylation and folate deficiency or with FHIT methylation and HPV 16 positive were SCC or CIN, and thepatients with HPV 16 positive and FHIT methylation and folate deficiency were all SCC. In conclusion, HPV16 infection, FHIT methylation and folate deficiency might promote cervical cancer progression. This suggeststhat FHIT may be an effective target for prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.
Folate,FHIT,methylation,cervical cancerization,Prevention
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30118.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30118_2cf4bbd80c04cf779bdb0cfb068ddd98.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Alkaloids from Beach Spider Lily (Hymenocallis littoralis) Induce Apoptosis of HepG-2 Cells by the Fas-signaling Pathway
9319
9325
EN
Alkaloids are the most extensively featured compounds of natural anti-tumor herbs, which have attracted muchattention in pharmaceutical research. In our previous studies, a mixture of major three alkaloid components (5,6-dihydrobicolorine, 7-deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine, littoraline) from Hymenocallis littoralis were extracted,analyzed and designated as AHL. In this paper, AHL extracts were added to human liver hepatocellular cellsHepG-2, human gastric cancer cell SGC-7901, human breast adenocarcinoma cell MCF-7 and human umbilicalvein endothelial cell EVC-304, to screen one or more AHL-sensitive tumor cell. Among these cells, HepG-2 wasthe most sensitive to AHL treatment, a very low dose (0.8μg/ml) significantly inhibiting proliferation . The nontumorcell EVC-304, however, was not apparently affected. Effect of AHL on HepG-2 cells was then explored.We found that the AHL could cause HepG-2 cycle arrest at G2/M checkpoint, induce apoptosis, and interruptpolymerization of microtubules. In addition, expression of two cell cycle-regulated proteins, CyclinB1 and CDK1,was up-regulated upon AHL treatment. Up-regulation of the Fas, Fas ligand, Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 wasobserved as well, which might imply roles for the Fas/FsaL signaling pathway in the AHL-induced apoptosis ofHepG-2 cells.
Beach spider lily,AHL,HepG-2,Apoptosis,cell arrest,cell cycle-regulated protein,Fas signaling
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30069.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30069_35f75d535bc3c36fec0f1d1d1123e3ba.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Detection of PIK3CA Gene Mutations with HRM Analysis and Association with IGFBP-5 Expression Levels in Breast Cancer
9327
9333
EN
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer deaths inwomen. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway mutations are associated with cancer andphosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) gene mutations have beenobserved in 25-45% of breast cancer samples. Insulin growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) can showdifferent effects on apoptosis, cell motility and survival in breast cancer. We here aimed to determine theassociation between PIK3CA gene mutations and IGFBP-5 expressions for the first time in breast cancerpatients. Frozen tumor samples from 101 Turkish breast cancer patients were analyzed with high resolutionmelting (HRM) for PIK3CA mutations (exon 9 and exon 20) and 37 HRM positive tumor samples were analyzedby DNA sequencing, mutations being found in 31. PIK3CA exon 9 mutations (Q546R, E542Q, E545K, E542Kand E545D) were found in 10 tumor samples, exon 20 mutations (H1047L, H1047R, T1025T and G1049R)in 21, where only 1 tumor sample had two exon 20 mutations (T1025T and H1047R). Moreover, we detectedone sample with both exon 9 (E542Q) and exon 20 (H1047R) mutations. 35% of the tumor samples with highIGFBP-5 mRNA expression and 29.4% of the tumor samples with low IGFBP-5 mRNA expression had PIK3CAmutations (p=0.9924). This is the first study of PIK3CA mutation screening results in Turkish breast cancerpopulation using HRM analysis. This approach appears to be a very effective and reliable screening method forthe PIK3CA exon 9 and 20 mutation detection. Further analysis with a greater number of samples is needed toclarify association between PIK3CA gene mutations and IGFBP-5 mRNA expression, and also clinical outcomein breast cancer patients.
PIK3CA,PI3K,IGFBP5,HRM assay,Turkish breast cancer,Mutation
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30070.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30070_3c8d06d5430de59f06a7a0ae8de68b05.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Extended use of P504S Positive Primary Circulating Prostate Cell Detection to Determine the Need for Initial Prostate Biopsy in a Prostate Cancer Screening Program in Chile
9335
9339
EN
<b>Background:</b> To determine the frequency of primary circulating prostate cells (CPC) detection accordingto age and serum PSA levels in a cohort of men undergoing screening for prostate cancer and to determinethe diagnostic yield in those men complying with the criteria for prostate biopsy. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Aprospective study was carried out to analyze all men evaluated in a hospital prostate cancer screening program.Primary CPCs were obtained by differential gel centrifugation and detected using standard immunocytochemistryusing anti-PSA, positive samples undergoing a second process with anti-P504S. A malignant primary CPC wasdefined as PSA+ P504S+, and a test positive if 1 cell/4ml was detected. The frequency of primary CPC detectionwas compared with age and serum PSA levels. Men with a PSA >4.0ng/ml and/or abnormal rectal examinationunderwent 12 core prostate biopsy, and the results were registered as cancer/no-cancer and compared with thepresence/absence of primary CPCs to calculate the diagnostic yield. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 1,117 men participated;there was an association of primary CPC detection with increasing age and increasing serum PSA. Some 559 menunderwent initial prostate biopsy of whom 207/559 (37.0%) were positive for primary CPCs and 183/559 (32.0%)had prostate cancer detected. The diagnostic yield of primary CPCs had a sensitivity of 88.5%, a specificity of88.0%, and positive and negative predictive values of 78.3% and 94.9%, respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The use ofprimary CPCs for testing is recommended, since its high negative predictive value could be used to avoid prostatebiopsy in men with an elevated PSA and/or abnormal DRE. Men positive for primary CPCs should undergoprostate biopsy. It is a test that could be implemented in the routine immunocytochemical laboratory.
Prostate cancer screening,primary circulating prostate cells,diagnostic yield
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30072.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30072_23fbf6d640ca61506d807f10d8b34d88.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Anticancer Activity of Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L) Merr Extracts is Associated with Inhibition of NF-kB Activity and Decreased Erk1/2 and Akt Phosphorylation
9341
9346
EN
Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L) Merr (AT) is commonly used as an herbal medicine and edible plant in someareas of China and other Asian countries. AT is thought to have anticancer effects, but potential mechanismsremain unknown. To assess the anticancer properties of AT, we exposed prostate cancer cells to AT extracts andassessed cell proliferation and signaling pathways. An ethanol extract of AT was suspended in water followed bysequential extraction with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. PC-3 cells were treated with differentconcentrations of each extract and cell viability was determined by the MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays.The ethyl acetate extract of the ethanol extract had a stronger inhibitory effect on growth and a strongerstimulatory effect on apoptosis than any of the other extracts. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the ethylacetate extract suppressed the transcriptional activity of NF-kB, increased the level of caspase-3, and decreasedthe levels of phospho-Erk1/2 and phospho-Akt. This is the first report on the anticancer activity of AT in culturedhuman prostate cancer cells. The results suggest that AT can provide a plant-based medicine for the treatmentor prevention of prostate cancer.
plant extract,Prostate Cancer,Apoptosis,NF-KB,HPLC
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30074.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30074_a34a5251dc6a66743758da07fae28cb4.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Comprehensive Assessment of Associations between ERCC2 Lys751Gln/Asp312Asn Polymorphisms and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
9347
9353
EN
<b>Background:</b> Excision repair crossing-complementing group 2 (ERCC2), also called xeroderma pigmentosumcomplementary group D (XPD), plays a crucial role in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. Previousepidemiological studies have reported associations between ERCC2 polymorphisms and non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL) risk, but the results have remained controversial. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We conducted this metaanalysisbased on eligible case-control studies to investigate the role of two ERCC2 polymorphisms (Lys751Glnand Asp312Asn) in determining susceptibility to NHL. Ten case-control studies from several electronic databaseswere included in our study up to August 14, 2014. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models to estimate the association strength. <br/><b>Results</b>: The combinedresults based on all studies did not show any association between Lys751Gln/Asp312Asn polymorphisms and NHLrisk for all genetic models. Stratified analyses by histological subtype and ethnicity did not indicate any significantassociation between Lys751Gln polymorphism and NHL risk. However, a significant reduced risk of NHL wasfound among population-based studies (Lys/Gln versus Lys/Lys: OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.77-0.99, P=0.037) but nothospital-based studies. As for Asp312Asn polymorphism, there was no evidence for the association between thispolymorphism and the risk of NHL in all subgroup analyses. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This meta-analysis suggests that theremay be no association between Lys751Gln/Asp312Asn polymorphism and the risk of NHL and its two subtypes,whereas ERCC2 Lys751Gln heterozygote genotype may provide protective effects against the risk of NHL inpopulation-based studies. Therefore, large-scale and well-designed studies are needed to clarify the effects ofhaplotypes, gene-gene, and gene-environment interactions on these polymorphisms and the risk of NHL and itsdifferent histological subtypes in an ethnicity specific population.
ERCC2,XPD,Polymorphism,Non-Hodgkin lymphoma,Meta-analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30076.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30076_2376378b7471bc2063a074b199a4c15a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
New formulated “DOX-MTX-loaded Nanoparticles” Downregulate HER2 Gene Expression and Improve the Clinical Outcome in OSCCs Model in Rat: the Effect of IV and Oral Modalities
9355
9360
EN
<b>Background:</b> Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains as one of the most difficult malignancies tocontrol because of its high propensity for local invasion and cervical lymph node dissemination. In this study, weevaluate the efficacy of our novel pH and temperature sensitive doxorubicin-methotrexate-loaded nanoparticles(DOX-MTX NP) in affecting HER2 expression profile in OSCC model in rat. <br/><b>Results</b>: DOX-MTX- nanoparticlecomplexes caused significant decrease in mRNA level of HER2 compared to untreated cancers (p<0.05) and thisfinding was more pronounced with the IV mode (p<0.000). Surprisingly, HER2 mRNA was not affected in DOXtreated as compared to the control group (p>0.05). On the other hand, in the DOX-MTX NP treated group, fewertumors characterized with advanced stage and decreased HER2 paralleled improved clinical outcome (P<0.05).Moreover, the effectiveness of the oral route in the group treated with nanodrug accounted for the enhancedbioavailability of nanoparticulated DOX-MTX compared to free DOX. Furthermore, there was no significantdifference in mRNA level of HER2 (p>0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Influence of HER2 gene expression is a new featureand mechanism of action observed only in dual action DOX-MTX-NPs treated groups. Down-regulation ofHER2 mRNA as a promising marker and prognosticator of OSCC adds to the cytotoxic benefits of DOX in itsnew formulation. Both oral and IV application of this nanodrug could be used, with no preferences in term oftheir safety or toxicity. As HER2 is expressed abundantly by a wide spectrum of tumors, i DOX-MTX NPs maybe useful for a wide-spectrum of lesions. However, molecular mechanisms underlying HER2 down regulationinduced by DOX-MTX NPs remain to be addressed.
HER2,DOX-MTX-NPs,oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),oral and IV route
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30078.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30078_edeb5500d8f983908713028262a5ae17.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Pre-vaccination Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Infection among Women from Urban Tunis: a Cross-sectional Study
9361
9365
EN
<b>Background:</b> To estimate the pre-vaccination distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types amongwomen from urban Tunis. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 611 women aged 18-69 years were enrolled inthree local gynaecological outpatient departments. All underwent a gynaecological examination with Pap testand dry swab for HPV detection and typing performed by linear array genotyping test (Roche). Cytologicalexamination was conducted on conventional Pap smears. <br/><b>Results</b>: HPV DNA was found in 6.5% of the women;the most frequent HPV types were HPV 16 and HPV 11 at 3.27% and 1.96%, respectively. The second mostfrequent high risk (HR) HPV type was HPV 58 (0.82%) followed by HPV 18, HPV 31 and HPV 33 found inonly 0.33% of women. Single infections with HPV types, targeted by the quadrivalent vaccine (6, 11, 16, and18), were detected in 3.6 % of the study patients (55% of positive women). HPV infection was found in 3.83% ofwomen with normal cytology and in 47.4% of women with cytological abnormalities. No statistically significanttrend in prevalence by age group emerged for any HPV type or for high or low risk types. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Thesedata show a relatively low prevalence of HPV infection in women from urban Tunis with a high proportion ofHPV16 and HPV58. This should be considered in the upcoming screening programs and vaccination strategy.
human papillomavirus,Pap smears,urban Tunis,vaccination strategy
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30079.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30079_64b95fdf334a1beaf6051e838390659f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Prediction of Lung Cancer Based on Serum Biomarkers by Gene Expression Programming Methods
9367
9373
EN
In diagnosis of lung cancer, rapid distinction between small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small celllung cancer (NSCLC) tumors is very important. Serum markers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),C-reactive protein (CRP), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), neurone specific enolase (NSE) and Cyfra21-1,are reported to reflect lung cancer characteristics. In this study classification of lung tumors was made basedon biomarkers (measured in 120 NSCLC and 60 SCLC patients) by setting up optimal biomarker joint modelswith a powerful computerized tool - gene expression programming (GEP). GEP is a learning algorithm thatcombines the advantages of genetic programming (GP) and genetic algorithms (GA). It specifically focuses onrelationships between variables in sets of data and then builds models to explain these relationships, and hasbeen successfully used in formula finding and function mining. As a basis for defining a GEP environment forSCLC and NSCLC prediction, three explicit predictive models were constructed. CEA and NSE are requentlyusedlung cancer markers in clinical trials, CRP, LDH and Cyfra21-1 have significant meaning in lung cancer,basis on CEA and NSE we set up three GEP models-GEP 1(CEA, NSE, Cyfra21-1), GEP2 (CEA, NSE, LDH),GEP3 (CEA, NSE, CRP). The best classification result of GEP gained when CEA, NSE and Cyfra21-1 werecombined: 128 of 135 subjects in the training set and 40 of 45 subjects in the test set were classified correctly,the accuracy rate is 94.8% in training set; on collection of samples for testing, the accuracy rate is 88.9%. WithGEP2, the accuracy was significantly decreased by 1.5% and 6.6% in training set and test set, in GEP3 was0.82% and 4.45% respectively. Serum Cyfra21-1 is a useful and sensitive serum biomarker in discriminatingbetween NSCLC and SCLC. GEP modeling is a promising and excellent tool in diagnosis of lung cancer.
Lung cancer,Diagnosis,Gene expression programming,Biomarker,CYFRA21-1
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30081.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30081_624de3c4ebb62cfd787a37b4dd093bb0.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
A Piezoelectric Immunosensor for Early Cervical Cancer Detection
9375
9378
EN
<b>Background:</b> A piezoelectric immunosensor for early cervical cancer detection was developed involving shortanalyis time and less invasive technique for p16INK4a, a protein that has been linked to cervical cancer. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: 5μL of 5.0 mg/mL p16INK4a antibody and then supernatant from different clinical samples fromWest China Second University Hospital (Sichuan, China) were dripped on the center of the AT-cut crystalthrough a micro-injector. Absorption of the p16INK4a by antibody caused a shift in the resonant frequency ofthe immunosensor, and the resonant frequency was correlated to the amount of the p16INK4a in the supernatant.<br/><b>Results</b>: The greater severity of lesion grading, the greater the expression level of p16INK4. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Degree ofcervical cancer lesion development could be determined by detected amount of p16INK4a in different clinicalsamples.
Quartz crystal microbalance,Immunosensor,early cervical cancer,Detection
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30083.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30083_634f917e065ac94cdfe12e98f8a349ed.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Molecular Types and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer- While Molecular Shifting is More Common in Luminal a Tumors, The Pathologic Complete Response is Most Frequently Observed in Her-2 Like Tumors
9379
9383
EN
<b>Background:</b> Pathologic complete response (pCR) is one of the most important target end-points ofneoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with breast cancer (BC). In present study, we aimed to investigatethe relationship between molecular subtypes and NACT in patients with BC. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Using theAkdeniz University database, 106 patients who received NACT for operable breast cancer were retrospectivelyidentified. Prognostic factors before and after NACT were assessed. According to the molecular subtypes,molecular shifting after NACT and tumoral and nodal response to NACT were analyzed. <br/><b>Results</b>: The distributionof subtypes was: Luminal A, 28.3% (n=30); Luminal B, 31.1% (n=33); HER2-like, 24.5% (n=26); and basal like/triple negative (BL/TN), 16.0% (n=17). According to molecular subtypes, pCR rates in both breast and axillarywere 0%, 21.4%, 36.4% and 27.3% for luminal A, luminal B, HER2-like and BL/TN, respectively (p=0.018).Molecular subtype shifting was mostly seen in luminal A type (28.6%) after the NACT. The pCR rate in breastand axillary was significantly higher in patients with HER2-like type BC. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: In patients with HER-2like type BC, NACT may be offered in early stages. Additionally, due to molecular shifting, adjuvant treatmentschedule should be reviewed again, especially in the luminal A group.
breast cancer,molecular subtypes,Neoadjuvant chemotherapy,Response,molecular shifting
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30085.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30085_ef10e8983a1911d799b8325165fc5440.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Association of Adiponectin Receptor (Adipo-R1/-R2) Expression and Colorectal Cancer
9385
9390
EN
<br/><b>Introduction</b>: Human adiponectin (ApN) is a 30 kDa glycoprotein of 244-amino acids which is extensivelyproduced by adipocytes. ApN acts via two receptors, namely adiponectin receptor-1 (Adipo-R1) andadiponectin receptor-2 (Adipo-R2). Studies have shown the presence of Adipo-R1 and Adipo-R2 expressionimmunohistochemically in human colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, only a few studies exist which investigatedeffects of adiponectin receptor expression on CRC characteristics. <br/><b>Objectives</b>: In the present study, we aimedto explore Adipo-R1/-R2 expression in human colorectal cancers and any association with clinicopathologicalcharacteristics and survival. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The study enrolled 58 colorectal cancer patients with tumorresection and a control group of 30 subjects with normal colon mucosa. <br/><b>Results</b>: Positivity for Adipo-R1/-R2expression was significantly more common in the control group in comparison to the patient group (both p<0.001).There was no significant association between Adipo-R1/-R2 expression and clinicopathological characteristicsincluding age, sex tumor location, pTNM stage, Duke’s stage, metastasis, histological differentiation, perineuralinvasion, venous invasion sex, lymphatic invasion, cancer-related mortality, tumor size and recurrence. Adipo-R1/-R2 positivity was also not significantly linked to progression-free or overall survival [p values (0.871, 0.758) and (0.274, 0.232), respectively]. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Although significantly reduced Adipo-R1/-R2 expression wasfound in colorectal cancer patients, it had no influence on survival.
Adiponectin receptor,Adipo-R1/-R2,Colorectal carcinoma,Prognosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30087.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30087_761044c743737eced09ef2442197b970.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Internal-External Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage for Patients with Malignant Obstructive Jaundice
9391
9394
EN
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of internal-external percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (IEPTBD)for patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. <br/><b>Methods</b>: During the period of January 2008 and July 2013,internal-external drainage was performed in 42 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. During theprocedure, if the guide wire could pass through the occlusion and into the duodenum, IEPTBD was performed.External drainage biliary catheter was placed if the occlusion was not crossed. Newly onset of infection, degreeof bilirubin decrease and the survival time of patients were selected as parameters to evaluate the effect ofIEPTBD. <br/><b>Results</b>: Twenty newly onset of infection were recorded after procedure and new infectious rate was47.6%. Sixteen patients with infection (3 before, 13 after drainage) were uncontrolled after procedure, 12 ofthem (3 before, 9 after drainage) died within 1 month. The mean TBIL levels declined from 299.53 umol/L beforedrainage to 257.62 umol/L after drainage, while uninfected group decline from 274.86 umol/L to 132.34 umol/Lp(P < 0.5). The median survival time for uninfected group was 107 days, and for infection group was 43 days (P< 0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The IEPTBD drainage may increase the chance of biliary infection, reduce bile drainageefficiency and decrease the long-term prognosis, and the external drainage is a better choice for patients withmalignant obstructive jaundice need to biliary drainage.
Internal-external drainage,Infection,malignant obstructive jaundice
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30089.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30089_765289667b18d6233757dae37a0c129f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Prognosis of Eight Chinese Cases of Primary Vaginal Yolk Sac Tumor with a Review of the Literature
9395
9404
EN
<b>Background:</b> Primary vaginal yolk sac tumor is a rare malignancy in the pediatric population, and adiagnostic challenge and appropriate initial treatment remains unsolved. The aim of this study was to investigatethe clinicopathologic features, treatment and prognosis of this tumor. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Eight cases ofprimary vaginal yolk sac tumor were reported with a literature review. <br/><b>Results</b>: There were 4 pure yolk sactumor cases and four mixed germ cell tumors containing yolk sac tumor element, including two cases withembryonal carcinoma and two cases with embryonal carcinoma and dysgerminoma. Partial vaginectomy wasperformed in four cases and all patients received chemotherapy. 85 cases in literatures were reviewed and 9cases were misdiagnosed. Follow-up data was available in 77 cases and 5-year overall survival rate was 87.6%.5-year survival rate of biopsy with chemotherapy, conservative surgery with chemotherapy and radical surgerywith chemotherapy was 91.1%, 100% and 28.6%, respectively (p<0.001). Compared to cases without relapse ormetastasis after initial treatment, patients with relapse or metastasis had a shorter overall survival (35.6% vs96.6%, p<0.001). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Mixed germ cell tumor containing yolk sac tumor element was not uncommonand partial vaginectomy may be a good choice for primary vaginal mixed yolk sac tumor type to eradicate localtumor cells and provide complete information for pathological diagnosis and postoperative adjuvant therapy.
Yolk sac tumor,vagina,Clinicopathology,treatment,Chemotherapy,Prognosis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30090.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30090_a42bda47f062817aec1593c49ba0d263.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Prognostic Value of Peritoneal Washing Cytology in Gynecologic Malignancies: a Controversial Issue
9405
9410
EN
Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic impact of peritoneal washing cytology in patients with endometrial andovarian cancers. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We retrospectively identified 86 individuals with ovarian carcinomas,ovarian borderline tumors and endometrial adenocarcinomas. The patients had been treated at Shahid SadoughiHospital and Ramazanzadeh Radiotherapy Center, Yazd, Iran between 2004 and 2012. Survival differences weredetermined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox regression method. Ap<0.05 value was considered statistically significant. <br/><b>Results</b>: There were 36 patients with ovarian carcinomas, 4with borderline ovarian tumors and 46 with endometrial carcinomas. The mean age of the patients was 53.8±15.2years. In patients with ovarian carcinoma the overall survival in the negative cytology group was better than thepatients with positive cytology although this difference failed to reach statistical significance (p=0.30). At 0 to 50months the overall survival was better in patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma and negative cytology thanthe patients with positive cytology but then it decreased (p=0.85). At 15 to 60 months patients with FIGO 2009stage IA-II endometrial andocarcinoma and negative peritoneal cytology had a superior survival rate comparedto 1988 IIIA and positive cytology only, although this difference failed to reach statistical significance(p=0.94).Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards model showed that stage and peritoneal cytology werepredictors of death. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our results show good correlation of peritoneal cytology with prognosis inpatients with ovarian carcinoma. In endometrial carcinoma it had prognostic importance. Additional researchis warranted.
Peritoneal washing cytology,Endometrial cancer,Ovarian Cancer,survival,Gynecology
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30092.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30092_cf59363ae4438ba7977a9de6b1e2f641.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Implementation Plans for the Korean Certified Tumor Registrar Qualification System
9411
9416
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cancer registration data is used to understand the nation’s cancer burden, and to providesignificant baseline data for cancer control efforts, as well as, research on cancer incidence, mortality, survival,and prevalence. A system that approves, assesses, and manages the qualification of specialists, responsiblefor performing cancer registration, has not been developed in Korea. This study presents ways to implementa certification system designed for the qualification of tumor registrars in Korea. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:Requirements for implementing a certified tumor registrar qualification system were determined by reviewingthe system for establishing qualifications in Korea and the American qualification system via the NationalCancer Registrars Association (NCRA). Moreover, a survey was conducted on Korean medical recordsadministrators, who had taken the U.S. Certified Tumor Registrar (CTR) examination, in order to review theiropinions regarding these requirements. <br/><b>Results</b>: This study verified the feasibility of a qualification examinationbased on the opinions of CTR specialists by determining the following: items, and the associated ratings, of thequalifications necessary to register individuals as certified tumor registrars in a private qualification system;status of human resources required for the examination or training processes; plans regarding the organizationneeded for management, and operation of qualifications, examination standards, subject areas, examinationmethods, examination qualifications, or education and training programs. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The implementationof a certified tumor registrar qualification system will lead to enhanced job competency for specialists and aqualitative improvement of cancer registration data. It will also reliably foster human resources that will laythe groundwork needed to establish scientific and reasonable national cancer management policies.
cancer,registries,registrars,qualification system
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30094.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30094_62bb5ce8ce259d499cff9cf4f6049bec.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Overexpression of Phospholipase A2 Group IIA in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Association with Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression
9417
9421
EN
<b>Background:</b> Esophageal cancer is one of the most frequently occurring malignancies and the seventh leadingcause of cancer-related deaths in the world. The esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most commonhistological type of esophageal cancer worldwide. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Our goal in this study was to detectphospholipase A2 Group IIA (PLA2G2A) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) immuno-expression in ESCC in a highriskpopulation in China. <br/><b>Results</b>: Positive expression of PLA2G2A protein was observed in 57.2% (166/290) ofthe cases, while COX-2 was found in 257 of 290 samples (88.6%), both PLA2G2A and COX-2 being expressedin 153 cases (52.8%), with a significant agreement (Kappa=0.091, p=0.031).Overexpression of PLA2G2A wassignificantly correlated with the depth of invasion (p=0.001). Co-expression of PLA2G2A and COX-2 not onlysignificantly correlated with the depth of invasion (p=0.004) but also with TNM stage (p=0.04). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Our results showed that in patients with ESCC, PLA2G2A overexpression and PLA2G2A co-expression withCOX-2 is significantly correlated with advanced stage. The biological role and pathophysiologic regulation ofPLA2G2A and COX-2 overexpression in ESCC deserve further investigation.
Esophageal SCC,phospholipase A2 group IIA,Cyclooxygenase-2,immunohistochemistry
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30096.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30096_3bc15c161ce3e9f0e5ca2a5c3df9b1b6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Influence of Chongcao Yigan Capsule on Function of Intestinal Flora and Chemoprevention for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B-Induced Liver Fibrosis
9423
9426
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: Hapatitis B visus (CHB)-induced fibrosis is a precancerous condition of liver. To explore the influenceof Chongcao Preparation (Chongcao Yigan Capsule) on the function of intestinal flora and chemoprevention forpatients with CHB-induced liver fibrosis. <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 136 patients with CHB-induced liver fibrosis wererandomly divided into control group treated with lamivudine (LAM) and research group added with ChongcaoYigan Capsule for totally 48 weeks. The changes of intestinal flora, secretory immunoglobin A (SIgA), serumalbumin (ALB), prealbumin (PALB), IgA and IgG at different time points in both groups were observed. <br/><b>Results</b>:Before treatment, there was no significant difference between two groups in each index (P>0.05). After treatment,the intestinal flora were evidently optimized in research group than treatment before (P<0.05 or P<0.01), andwere apparently better than those in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); SIgA was obviously increased and ALB,PALB, IgA and IgG were markedly improved in research group than treatment before (P<0.05 or P<0.01), andwere significantly better than those in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Chongcao Yigan Capsulecould regulate the intestinal flora, increase SIgA, serum ALB and PALB concentrations and significantly improveserum IgA and IgG as well as strengthen the immunological function and autologous repair capacity of patientswith CHB-induced liver fibrosis.
Chronic hepatitis B,Liver fibrosis,Chongcao Yigan Capsule,intestinal flora
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30097.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30097_d6e2ef62404bbdceef4b6bf57718a4f3.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Delayed Presentation of Self-discovered Breast Cancer Symptoms in Iranian Women: A Qualitative Study
9427
9432
EN
<b>Background:</b> Delayed presentation of symptomatic breast cancer is a public health issue in Iran, making amajor contribution to low survival. Despite the importance of this problem, current knowledge is insufficient toinform interventions to shorten patient delay. The aim of this study was to explore factors influencing patient delayin Iranian women with self-discovered breast cancer symptom. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This qualitative studywas conducted during 2012-2013. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit 20 Iranian women with self-discoveredsymptoms of breast cancer who attended the Cancer Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth audiotaped interviews, which were transcribed andanalyzed using conventional content analysis with MAXqda software version 10. Findings: Content analysis of thedata revealed four main themes related to the delay in seeking medical help including: 1) attributing symptomsto the benign conditions; 2) conditional health behavior; 3) inhibiting emotional expression; and 4) barriers toaccess to health care systems. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: These results suggest that patient delay is influenced by complexand multiple factors. Effective intervention to reduce patient delay for breast cancer should be developed byfocusing on improvement of women’s medical knowledge, managing patients’ emotional expression and reformof the referral system.
breast cancer,delay,Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30099.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30099_8b287af51744c6726b6a9dacf987f259.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
A Systematic Review of Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the Pacific Region
9433
9437
EN
This study provides the first systematic literature review of cervical cancer incidence and mortality as wellas human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype prevalence among women with cervical cancer in the Pacific Islandcountries and territories. The cervical cancer burden in the Pacific Region is substantial, with age standardizedincidence rates ranging from 8.2 to 50.7 and age standardized mortality rate from 2.7 to 23.9 per 100,000 womenper year. The HPV genotype distribution suggests that 70-80% of these cancers could be preventable by thecurrently available bi- or quadrivalent HPV vaccines. There are only few comprehensive studies examining theepidemiology of cervical cancer in this region and no published data have hitherto described the current cervicalcancer prevention initiatives in this region.
Pacific,cervical cancer,human papillomavirus
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30101.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30101_c2f323f065fd6f2bcea2f420c0038b9c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Identification of Prostate Cancer LncRNAs by RNA-Seq
9439
9444
EN
Purpose: To identify prostate cancer lncRNAs using a pipeline proposed in this study, which is applicable forthe identification of lncRNAs that are differentially expressed in prostate cancer tissues but have a negligiblepotential to encode proteins. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We used two publicly available RNA-Seq datasets fromnormal prostate tissue and prostate cancer. Putative lncRNAs were predicted using the biological technology,then specific lncRNAs of prostate cancer were found by differential expression analysis and co-expressionnetwork was constructed by the weighted gene co-expression network analysis. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 1,080 lncRNAtranscripts were obtained in the RNA-Seq datasets. Three genes (PCA3, C20orf166-AS1 and RP11-267A15.1)showed a significant differential expression in the prostate cancer tissues, and were thus identified as prostatecancer specific lncRNAs. Brown and black modules had significant negative and positive correlations withprostate cancer, respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The pipeline proposed in this study is useful for the prediction ofprostate cancer specific lncRNAs. Three genes (PCA3, C20orf166-AS1, and RP11-267A15.1) were identifiedto have a significant differential expression in prostate cancer tissues. However, there have been no publishedstudies to demonstrate the specificity of RP11-267A15.1 in prostate cancer tissues. Thus, the results of this studycan provide a new theoretic insight into the identification of prostate cancer specific genes.
long non-coding RNA,RNA-Seq,Prostate Cancer,Bioinformatics
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30102.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30102_491ebf8976b29f102fda3fc7c61d98b6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Promoting Effects of Sanguinarine on Apoptotic Gene Expression in Human Neuroblastoma Cells
9445
9451
EN
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Approximately half of the affectedpatients are diagnosed with high-risk poor prognosis disease, and novel therapies are needed. Sanguinarine is abenzophenanthridine alkaloid which has anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aimof this study is whether sanguinarine has in vitro apoptotic effects and which apoptotic genes might be affected inthe human neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y (N-myc negative), Kelly (N-myc positive, ALK positive), and SKN-BE(2). Cell viability was analysed with WST-1 and apoptotic cell death rates were determined using TUNEL.After RNA isolation and cDNA conversion, expression of 84 custom array genes of apoptosis was determined.Sanguinarine caused cell death in a dose dependent manner in all neuroblastoma cell lines except SK-N-BE(2)with rates of 18% in SH-SY5Y and 21% in Kelly human neuroblastoma cells. Cisplatin caused similar apoptoticcell death rates of 16% in SH-SY5Y and 23% in Kelly cells and sanguinarine-cisplatin combinations caused thesame rates (18% and 20%). Sanguinarine treatment did not affect apoptototic gene expression but decreasedlevels of anti-apoptotic genes NOL3 and BCL2L2 in SH-SY5Y cells. Caspase and TNF related gene expressionwas affected by the sanguinarine-cisplatin combination in SH-SY5Y cells. The expression of regulation ofapoptotic genes were increased with sanguinarine treatment in Kelly cells. From these results, we conclude thatsanguinarine is a candidate agent against neuroblastoma.
Sanguinarine,neuroblastoma,Apoptosis,Gene expression
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30041.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30041_99c2236ee7388ebfc3721c5aa2bb55bf.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Black Hispanic and Black Non-Hispanic Breast Cancer Survival Data Analysis with Half-normal Model Application
9453
9458
EN
<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States.Differences in survival of breast cancer have been noted among racial and ethnic groups, but the reasons forthese disparities remain unclear. This study presents the characteristics and the survival curve of two racial andethnic groups and evaluates the effects of race on survival times by measuring the lifetime data-based half-normalmodel. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The distributions among racial and ethnic groups are compared using femalebreast cancer patients from nine states in the country all taken from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry. The main end points observed are: age at diagnosis, survivaltime in months, and marital status. The right skewed half-normal statistical probability model is used to showthe differences in the survival times between black Hispanic (BH) and black non-Hispanic (BNH) female breastcancer patients. The Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard ratio are used to estimate and compare therelative risk of death in two minority groups, BH and BNH. <br/><b>Results</b>: A probability random sample method wasused to select representative samples from BNH and BH female breast cancer patients, who were diagnosed duringthe years of 1973-2009 in the United States. The sample contained 1,000 BNH and 298 BH female breast cancerpatients. The median age at diagnosis was 57.75 years among BNH and 54.11 years among BH. The results ofthe half-normal model showed that the survival times formed positive skewed models with higher variability inBNH compared with BH. The Kaplan-Meir estimate was used to plot the survival curves for cancer patients; thistest was positively skewed. The Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard ratio for survival analysis showedthat BNH had a significantly longer survival time as compared to BH which is consistent with the results of thehalf-normal model. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The findings with the proposed model strategy will assist in the healthcarefield to measure future outcomes for BH and BNH, given their past history and conditions. These findings mayprovide an enhanced and improved outlook for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients in theUnited States.
Half-normal model,Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard ratio,Survival Analysis
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30042.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30042_7fd7cb0f05c8d30836ec0fcece8b36e8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes 4 is a Predictor of Survival and a Novel Therapeutic Target in Colorectal Cancer
9459
9465
EN
<b>Background:</b> Structural maintenance of chromosomes 4 (SMC-4) is a chromosomal ATPase which playsan important role in regulate chromosome assembly and segregation. However, the role of SMC-4 in theincidence of malignancies, especially colorectal cancer is still poorly understood. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Wehere used quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis to examine SMC-4 mRNA and protein levels in primarycolorectal cancer and paired normal colonic mucosa. SMC-4 clinicopathological significance was assessed byimmunohistochemical staining in a tissue microarray (TMA) in which 118 cases of primary colorectal cancerwere paired with noncancerous tissue. The biological function of SMC-4 knockdown was measured by CCK8and plate colony formation assays. Fluorescence detection has been used to detect cell cycling and apoptosis.<br/><b>Results</b>: SMC-4 expression was significantly higher in colorectal cancer and associated with T stage, N stage,AJCC stage and differentiation. Knockdown of SMC-4 expression significantly suppressed the proliferation ofcancer cells and degraded its malignant degree. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our clinical and experimental data suggest thatSMC-4 may contribute to the progression of colorectal carcinogenesis. Our study provides a new therapeutictarget for colorectal cancer treatment.
Structural maintenance of chromosomes 4,colorectal cancer,potential therapeutic target
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30043.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30043_edec25486ee93449b870bec25f28ee9d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Status of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Levels in Smokers with Breast Cancer from Western Nepal
9467
9470
EN
<b>Background:</b> Research indicates that oxidative stress induced by smoking plays a role in breast cancer. Inview of these reports, we aimed to study th relationship between smoking and oxidative stress in breast cancerpatients from the western region of Nepal. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The study included a control group of 42females (non-smoking healthy women) and a test group sudivided into Group I consisting of 46 female breastcancer patients who were smokers and Group II consisting of 42 non-smoking breast cancer patients. Detailedhistory of the patients was collected with the help of pre-test proforma. Plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA),total antioxidant activity (TAA) which represents total dietary antioxidants, vitamin C and α- tocopherol wereestimated by standard methods. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16. <br/><b>Results</b>: The plasma MDA,TAA, vitamin C and α- tocopherol were 1±1.4nmol/ml, 918±207μmol/L, 1±0.24mg/dL and 0.94±0.31mg/dL incontrols, 5±1.2nmol/ml, 458±166 μmol/L, 0.64±0.32mg/dL and 0.5±0.3mg/dL in Group-I and 2.56±1.2nmol/ml,663±178 μmol/L, 0.78±0.2mg/dL and 0.77±0.2mg/dL in Group- II, respectively. Vitamin C, α- tocopherol andTAA (p=0.001) were significantly reduced whereas MDA (p=0.001) was significantly raised in Group-I whencompared to controls and Group-II. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: We observed a significant rise in oxidative stress and lowlevels of antioxidants in breast cancer patients with smoking habit. It is well known that free radicals facilitatethe progression of breast cancer, possibly increasing the risk of progression to the next stage.
oxidative stress,antioxidants,breast cancer,women smokers,Western Nepal
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30044.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30044_aaac3839cb447ffc3beb14f09bfb6431.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Outcome of Breast Cancer Screening: A Lebanese Single Institution Experience
9471
9473
EN
<b>Background:</b> Since 2002, from October till December of each year, the Lebanese Ministry of Public Healthconducts a mammogram based breast cancer screening campaign in the whole country for women over 40years of age. These mammograms are performed free of charge in governmental hospitals or for reduced feesin private hospitals. The aim of this study is to analyze the direct impact of this campaign on cancer detectionand subsequent treatment. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Radiologic records of women screened with a mammogramduring the campaign period from October till December 2012 at Saint Joseph Hospital, Baouchrieh, Beirut, werereviewed. Results of mammograms were reported using the ACR score. Women with ACR score ≥4 were trackedand investigated. <br/><b>Results</b>: 900 screening mammograms were performed; median age was 55.2 years (range:31-81years). Some 826 (91.8%) had an ACR score of ≤2; 66 (7.3%) an ACR =3 and only 8 (0.89%) an ACR=4. Thus,less than 1% (8/900) of all screened women were considered at high risk and needed a close follow-up. Amongthese 8 women, 4 underwent surgery for an early breast cancer, one had synchronous metastatic breast cancerand two were lost to follow-up. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: To coclude, Among 900-screened women for BC, less than 1 % (8out of 900) were at high risk of hiding a BC (ACR=4), half of them benefited from early therapy (4 women outof 900) and one was a false positive. Larger studies on national level should be accomplished to have a completedata on breast cancer screening in Lebanon. The results of these studies can affect the Lebanese health policyregarding BC.
Mammogram,screening of breast cancer,Early breast cancer,Lebanon
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30045.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30045_853adc2c4811b3096ef66b51c2bd0ddd.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Common Cancers in Khuzestan Province, South West of Iran, during 2005-2011
9475
9478
EN
Cancer is the third highest cause of premature mortality in Iran. We aimed to determine trend of commoncancers in Khuzestan province, Iran. <br/><b>Methods</b>: It was a hospital based survey on 4065 subjects from their hospitalfiles, those had registered as cancer case in Shafa hospital which has known as a biggest center of cancer inkhuzestan province, Iran during 2005-2011.All data has entered by SPSS (version 19), descriptive statistic andadjusted odds ratio of common cancers for age and sex were calculated from multiple logistic regression model.<br/><b>Results</b>: From all subjects; (51% & 49%) were male and female respectively. The most frequent age groupwas 60-50 years and common cancers were breast 16%, colorectal 6.3%, blood 2%, lung 8% and stomach 8%.<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Prevalence of cancers has increased markedly with age in Khuzestan Providence. Therefore, it isessential to prevent through early prevention, using screening and identifying cases in initial stages.
cancer,Trend,Epidemiology,Khuzestan- Iran
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30046.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30046_36088c3b88505a3ccc5220872fe35e9c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Methylation Status and Immunohistochemistry of BRCA1 in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
9479
9485
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cancer initiation and progression are controlled by genetic and epigenetic events. One epigeneticprocess which is widely known is DNA methylation, a cause of gene silencing. If a gene is silenced the protein whichit encodes will not expressed. <br/><b>Objectives</b>: 1. Identify the methylation status of BRCA1 in patients with epithelialovarian cancer (EOC)and assess BRCA1 protein expression in tumor tissue. 2. Examine whether BRCA1 genemethylation and BRCA1 protein are associated with survival of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Thestudy design was a prospective-cohort study, conducted at Sardjito hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. <br/><b>Results</b>:A total of 69 cases were analyzed in this study. The data showed that the methylation status of BRCA1 in EOCwas positive in 89.9%, with clear protein expression of BRCA1 in 31.9%. Methylation status and expression ofBRCA1 were not prognosticators of EOC patients. Menarche, CA125 level, clinical stage and residual tumorwere independent factors for prognosis.
EOC,methylation,BRCA1,prognosis factors,survival9479
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30047.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30047_7f8a08e6725427f2d5068bcb9dc330de.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Retrospective Evaluation of Discrepancies between Radiological and Pathological Size of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Masses
9487
9494
EN
<b>Background:</b> The size of a hepatic neoplasm is critical for staging, prognosis and selection of appropriatetreatment. Our study aimed to compare the radiological size of solid hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) masseson magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the pathological size in a Chinese population, and to elucidatediscrepancies. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 178 consecutive patients diagnosed with HCC who underwentcurative hepatic resection after enhanced MRI between July 2010 and October 2013 were retrospectively identifiedand analyzed. Pathological data of the whole removed tumors wereassessed and differences between radiologicaland pathological tumor size were identified. All patients were restaged using a modified Tumor-Node-Metastasis(TNM) staging system postoperatively according to the maximum diameter alteration. The lesions were classifiedas hypo-staged, iso-staged or hyper-staged for qualitative assessment. In the quantitative analysis, the relativepre and postoperative tumor size contrast ratio (%Δsize) was also computed according to size intervals. Inaddition, the relationship between radiological and pathological tumor diameter variation and histologic gradewas analyzed. <br/><b>Results</b>: Pathological examination showed 85 (47.8%) patients were overestimated, 82 (46.1%)patients underestimated, while accurate measurement by MRI was found in 11 (6.2%) patients. Among thetotal subjects, 14 (7.9%) patients were hypo-staged and 15 (8.4%) were hyper-staged post-operatively. Accuracyof MRI for calculation and characterized staging was related to the lesion size, ranging from 83.1% to 87.4%(<2cm to ≥5cm, p=0.328) and from 62.5% to 89.1% (cT1 to cT4, p=0.006), respectively. Overall, MRI misjudgedpathological size by 6.0 mm (p=0.588 ), and the greatest difference was observed in tumors <2cm (3.6 mm,%Δsize=16.9%, p=0.028). No statistically significant difference was observed for moderately differentiated HCC(5.5mm, p=0.781). However, for well differentiated and poorly differentiated cases, radiographic tumor maximumdiameter was significantly larger than the pathological maximum diameter by 3.15 mm and underestimated by4.51 mm, respectively (p=0.034 and 0.020). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: A preoperative HCC tumor size measurement usingMRI can provide relatively acceptable accuracy but may give rise to discrepancy in tumors in a certain size rangeor histologic grade. In pathological well differentiated subjects, the pathological tumor size was significantlyoverestimated, but underestimated in poorly differentiated HCC. The difference between radiological andpathological tumor size was greatest for tumors <2 cm. For some HCC patients, the size difference may haveimplications for the decision of resection, transplantation, ablation, or arterially directed therapy, and shouldbe considered in staging or selecting the appropriate treatment tactics.
Hepatocellular carcinoma,discrepancy,radiological and pathological size
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30048.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30048_cc1b8f6c2045b59069940e1883b65dc5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Frequency of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Pakistani Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
9495
9498
EN
<b>Background:</b> The difference in prognosis of adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can beattributed largely to variation in cytogenetic abnormalities with age groups. Cytogenetic analysis in acute leukemiais now routinely used to assist patient management, particularly in terms of diagnosis, disease monitoring,prognosis and risk stratification. Knowing about cytogenetic profile at the time of diagnosis is important in orderto take critical decisions in management of the patients. Aim and <br/><b>Objectives</b>: To determine the frequency ofcytogenetic abnormalities in Pakistani adult patients with ALL in order to have insights regarding behavior ofthe disease. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A retrospective analysis of all the cases of ALL (≥15years old) diagnosed atAga Khan University from January 2006 to June 2014 was performed. Phenotype (B/T lineage) was confirmedin all cases by flow cytometry. Cytogenetic analysis was made for all cases using the trypsin-Giemsa bandingtechnique. Karyotypes were interpreted using the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature(ISCN) criteria. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of 166 patients were diagnosed as ALL during the study period, of which 151samples successfully yielded metaphase chromosomes. The male to female ratio was 3.4:1. The majority (n=120,72.3%) had a B-cell phenotype. A normal karyotype was present in 51% (n=77) of the cases whereas 49% (n=74)had an abnormal karyotype. Of the abnormal cases, 10% showed Philadelphia chromosome; t(9;22)(q34;q11.2).Other poor prognostic cytogenetic subgroups were t(4;11)(q21;q23), hypodiploidy (35-45 chromosomes) andcomplex karyotype. Hyperdiploidy (47-57 chromosomes) occurred in 6.6%; all of whom were younger than 30years. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This study showed a relatively low prevalence of Philadelphia chromosome in Pakistaniadults with ALL with an increase in frequency with age (p=0.003). The cumulative prevalence of Philadelphianegativepoor cytogenetic aberrations in different age groups was not significant (p=0.6).
ALL,cytogenetics,G-banding,metaphase,adult,Pakistan
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30049.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30049_f994dd708fec47cb941804422f481303.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Relationship between Body Image and Breast Self-examination Intentions and Behaviors among Female University Students in Malaysia
9499
9503
EN
This study aimed to examine the relationship between body image satisfaction and breast self-screening
behaviors and intentions. The sample for this cross-sectional study consisted of 842 female university students
who were recruited from a number of public and private universities. Data were obtained between the months
of November and December, 2013, using multistage random cluster sampling. Main research variables were
breast cancer screening behavior and intentions, demographic factors, and the total scores on each of the
Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ-Appearance Scales) subscales. Results of
multivariate analysis showed that having higher satisfaction and more positive evaluation of appearance were
related to having performed breast self-examination more frequently in the last year and intending to perform
breast self-examination more frequently in the next year. Longitudinal research can potentially provide detailed
information about overall body image satisfaction and breast cancer screening behavior among various
communities.
body image,breast cancer,Breast self-examination,female university students,Malaysia
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30051.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30051_9154b4aa732219132136569914958440.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Effects of Stellate Ganglion Block on the Peri-operative Vasomotor Cytokine Content and Intrapulmonary Shunt in Patients with Esophagus Cancer
9505
9509
EN
<br/><b>Objective</b>: To investigate the effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on the peri-operative vasomotor cytokinecontent and intrapulmonary shunt in patients with esophagus cancer who underwent thoracotomy. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: Forty patients undergoing elective resection of esophageal cancer patients who had Ⅰ~Ⅱ AmericanSociety of Anesthesiologist (ASA) were randomly divided into total intravenous anesthesia group (group N, n=20)and total intravenous anesthesia combined with SGB group (group S, n=20, 0.12 mL/kg 1% lidocaine was usedfor SGB 10 min before induction). Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure(CVP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and continuous cardiac output (CCO) were continuouslymonitored. The blood from internal jugular vein was drawn respectively before induction (T0), and 30 min (T1),60 min (T2) and 120 min (T3) after one-lung ventilation (OLV), and 30 min (T4) after two-lung ventilation. Thecontents of plasma endothelin (ET), nitric oxide (NO) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were detectedwith enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Meanwhile, arterial and mixed venous blood samples werecollected for determination of blood gas and calculation of intrapulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt). <br/><b>Results</b>:During OLV, ET contents were increased significantly in two groups (P<0.05), and no significant difference waspresented (P>0.05). NO content in group S was obviously higher than in group N at T3 (P<0.05), whereas CGRPcontent in group N was markedly lower than in group S at each time point (P<0.05). Qs/Qt was significantlyincreased in both groups after OLV, but there was no statistical significant regarding the Qs/Qt at each time pointbetween two groups. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Total intravenous anesthesia combined with SGB is conducive to regulationof perioperative vasomotor cytokines in thoracotomy, and has little effect on intrapulmonary shunt at the timeof OLV.
Stellate ganglion block,one-lung ventilation,endothelin,nitric oxide,calcitonin gene-related peptide
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30053.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30053_f6d4623e9bbbc3c0bd6c0da3db74b7d6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Serum Cathepsin B to Cystatin C Ratio as a Potential Marker for the Diagnosis of Cholangiocarcinoma
9511
9515
EN
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer of the bile duct epithelial cells. The highest incidence rate of CCAwith a poor prognosis and poor response to chemotherapy is found in Southeast Asian countries, especially innortheastern Thailand and Lao PDR. Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine protease which is regulated by cysteineproteinase inhibitors such as cystatin C. Elevation of cathepsin B levels in biological fluid has been observedin patients with inflammatory diseases and many cancers. We aimed to investigate the serum cathepsin B andcystatin C levels of CCA patients to evaluate the feasibility of using cathepsin B and cystatin C as markers forthe diagnosis of CCA. Fifty-six sera from CCA patients, 17 with benign biliary diseases (BBD) and 13 fromcontrols were collected and the cathepsin B and cystatin C levels were determined. In addition, cathepsin Bexpression was investigated immunohistochemically for 9 matched-pairs of cancerous and adjacent tissues ofCCA patients. Serum cathepsin B, but not cystatin C, was significantly higher in CCA and BBD patient groupscompared to that in the control group. Consistently, all cancerous tissues strongly expressed cathepsin B whileadjacent tissues were negative in 7 out of 9 cases. In contrast, serum cystatin C levels were comparable betweenCCA and control groups, although serum cystatin C levels in the BBD group was higher than that in the controlor CCA groups. When the serum cathepsin B to cystatin C ratio was calculated, that of the CCA group wassignificantly higher than that of the control group, and, although statistically not significant, the ratio of CCAgroup showed a trend to be higher than that of the BBD group. Thus, the cathepsin B to cystatin C ratio mightbe used as an alternative marker for aiding diagnosis of CCA.
Cathepsin B,Cystatin C,cholangiocarcinoma
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30055.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30055_efde340431bde45278b227e07ca45e84.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Mutagenicity and Antimutagenicity of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Extracts of Thai Northern Purple Rice
9517
9522
EN
Purple rice (Oryza sativa L. var. indica) cv. Kum Doisaket is cultivated in northern Thailand. This studyevaluated the mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of hydrophilic and lipophilic components of purple riceusing the Ames test. The seed and hull of purple rice were extracted with hexane, methanol, ethanol, and water.The methanol extracts had the highest amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoids, while the hexane extractscontained large amount of tocols and γ-oryzanol. None of the extracts were mutagenic in Salmonella typhimuriumstrains TA98 and TA100. The hexane extract of rice hull and the methanol extract of rice seed were stronglyeffective against aflatoxin B1- and 2-amino-3, 4 dimethylimidazo (4, 5-f) quinoline-induced mutagenesis, whileaqueous extracts showed weakly antimutagenic properties. All extracts with the exception of aqueous extractsenhanced the number of revertant colonies from benzo (a) pyrene induced-mutagenesis. None of the extractsinhibited mutagenesis induced by the direct mutagens 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-acrylamide and sodiumazide. The hull extracts showed more potent antimutagenicity than the seed extracts. Based on a chemicalanalysis, γ-oryzanol and γ-tocotrienol in the hull and cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside in the seedare candidate antimutagens in purple rice. The antimutagenic mechanisms of purple rice might be related toeither modulation of mutagen metabolizing enzymes or direct attack on electrophiles. These findings supportedthe use of Thai purple rice as a cancer chemopreventive agent.
Antigenotoxicity,DNA mutation,Oryza sativa L. var. indica,Salmonella mutation assay
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30056.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30056_553194b72c3f042fa389606c02ac6155.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Expression and Clinical Significance of MicroRNA-376a in Colorectal Cancer
9523
9527
EN
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in many Asian countries and microRNAs havealready been proven to be associated with tumorigenesis. Currently, microRNA-376a (miR-376a) expression andassociation with clinical factors in CRC remains unclear. In this study, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptasepolymerasechain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out on 53 matched pairs of CRC and adjacent normalmucosa to investigate the expression levels of miR-376a. According to the high or low expression of miR-376a,patients were divided into two groups. The relationship between miR-376a expression and clinicopathologicalfactors of 53 patients was evaluated. Survival analysis of 53 CRC patients was performed with clinical followupinformation and survival curves were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Immunohistochemistry (IHC)staining was performed on sections of paraffin-embedded tissue to investigate the vascular endothelial growthfactor (VEGF) expression. MiR-376a showed low expression in cancer tissues compared to the adjacent normaltissues and altered high miR-376a expression tended to be positively correlated with advanced lymph nodemetastasis and shorter patient survival. VEGF IHC positivity was significantly more common in patients withhigh expression levels of miR-376a.Those results demonstrated that miR-376a may be a meaningful prognosticbiomarker and potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
MicroRNA,colorectal cancer,Clinicopathology,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30058.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30058_0da7dce9509629dd940227b4fa7d7244.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Improving Accuracy and Completeness in the Collaborative Staging System for Stomach Cancer in South Korea
9529
9534
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cancer staging enables planning for the best treatments, evaluation of prognosis, and predictionsfor survival. The Collaborative Stage (CS) system makes it possible to significantly reduce the proportion ofpatients labeled at an “unknown” stage as well as discrepancies among different staging systems. This study aimsto analyze the factors that influence the accuracy and validity of CS data. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Data wererandomly selected (233 cases) from stomach cancer cases enrolled for CS survey at the Korea Central CancerRegistry. Two questionnaires were used to assess CS values for each case and to review the cancer registrationenvironment for each hospital. Data were analyzed in terms of the relationships between the time spent foracquisition and registration of CS information, environments relating to cancer registration in the hospitals,and document sources of CS information for each item. <br/><b>Results</b>: The time for extracting and registering datawas found to be shorter when the hospitals had prior experience gained from participating in a CS pilot studyand when they were equipped with full-time cancer registrars. Evaluation of the CS information according tomedical record sources found that the percentage of items missing for Site Specific Factor (SSF) was 30% higherthan for other CS variables. Errors in CS coding were found in variables such as “CS Extension,” “CS LymphNodes,” “CS Metastasis at Diagnosis,” and “SSF25 Involvement of Cardia and Distance from EsophagogastricJunction (EGJ).” <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: To build CS system data that are reliable for cancer registration and clinicalresearch, the following components are required: 1) training programs for medical records administrators; 2)supporting materials to promote active participation; and 3) format development to improve registration validity.
Collaborative stage,completeness,accuracy,stomach,cancer,Registration
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30060.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30060_1929996a0be72366c0a3fd6e39486574.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
9535
9541
EN
<b>Background:</b> Identifying risk factors of breast cancer is a key point for preventive strategies to reduce theincidence. The aim of current study was to determine most important risk factors for breast cancer in the EasternMediterranean Region (EMR) using a systematic review. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: PubMed, Scopus, Web ofScience till August 24, 2012 and the reference lists of all included studies were searched. Analytic studies whichhad reported odds ratios (OR), relative risk (RR) or required data to calculate them were included. A total of 343studies were critically appraised and finally 30 studies were meta-analyzed. Heterogeneity between the studieswas assessed by I² and Cochran’s Q. Egger’s test was used to assess publication bias. <br/><b>Results</b>: Twenty five casecontrolstudies, one nested case-control and four cohort studies were included. The largest ORs were obtained forhistory of no live birth (2.25; 95%CI: 1.58-3.18), body mass index (BMI) more than 30 (2.21; 95%CI: 1.71-2.36),age at first pregnancy more than 30 years old (1.52; 95%CI: 1.30-1.77) and meat consumption more than threetimes per week (1.39; 95%CI: 1.03-1.87). The other important predictors were higher education and smokingas risk factors, physical activity and ovulatory stimulating medication as protective factors. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Themost important predictors of breast cancer in EMR were history of no live birth, BMI more than 30, age at firstpregnancy more than 30 years old, physical inactivity and smoking. Almost all these risk factors are consistentwith known risk factors for this cancer in other parts of the world.
breast cancer,Eastern Mediterranean Region,risk factors,Systematic review
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30061.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30061_512fc5c9dcd62dc04f1efe477d357653.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Dietary Habits Contributing to Breast Cancer Risk Among Iranian Women
9543
9547
EN
<b>Background:</b> The aim of this study was to investigate demographic features, dietary habits, and some possiblerisk factors for being susceptible to breast cancer in Iranian women. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A study of dietaryhabits and breast cancer was conducted among 53 Iranian women with histological confirmed disease and 40matched controls. A dietary habits questionnaire was used to evaluate the pattern of selected food intakes. Therisk of cancer was analyzed after adjustment for confounding factors. Age, weight, body mass index (BMI), waistcircumference, educational status, parity, lactation, marital status, menopause, history of estrogen therapy, andfamily history of breast disease or cancer were assessed among participants. Special attention was given to therelationship between consumption of high fat meat, milk, yogurt and cheese as well use of frying oils for fryingfoods, use of olive/liquid oils for cooking, removing fat from meat and poultry, removing chicken skin and not useof mayonnaise as salad dressing and the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, salad, vegetable and fruit consumption,and eating outdoors owere investigated. <br/><b>Results</b>: Our results revealed significant lower education and higher BMIand waist circumference levels in patients with breast cancer. There was significantly increased breast cancerrisk in overweight women in comparison with normal weight (OR=2.91, 95%CI 1.24 to 6.82). High intake of fatdairy products including milk and cheese was found to be a statistically significant factor for increasing breastcancer risk in models adjusting for age, BMI and education. Use of olive/liquid oils for cooking and avoidanceof mayonnaise as salad dressing are related to lower risk of breast cancer. The frequency of vegetable and fruitconsumption was significantly lower in patients with breast cancer compared to healthy women. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Dietary habits might be risk factors for breast cancer among Iranian women. Adoption of a prudent diet couldbe an appropriate strategy for preventing breast cancer.
dietary habits,reproductive parameters,breast cancer,risk,Iranian women
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30063.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30063_7295dac2c8ab213c864c2ff733b76497.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Does the Impairment of Functional Life Increase the Probability of Suicide in Cancer Patients?
9549
9553
EN
<b>Background:</b> Cancer affects patients in many ways including physical, social, emotional, psychological andeconomic and restricts the functional lives. Psychiatric problems seen among cancer patients may increase thesuicide probability and patients perceive suicide as a peaceful death type. The aim of this study was to examinethe correlation between functional life and suicide probability among cancer patients. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:This study was conducted with 105 cancer patients as descriptive. The Functional Living Index_Cancer (FLIC),“suicide probability scale” (SPS) and personal information form were used as data collecting tools. Data wereevaluated by descriptive analysis, and Pearson’s correlation. <br/><b>Results</b>: It was determined that 34.3% of patientsthought of suicide. Significant negative correlation was found between functional life and suicide probability(r=-.641, p=0.000), increase being evident in those with poor functional life. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: It is recommendedthat cancer patients should be supported for improving their functional lives with help in coping processes forillness and treatment symptoms. Evaluation of the patient mental status to prevent the suicide among this groupis an important role for nurses.
cancer,functional life,Suicide,psychiatric nursing9549
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30065.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30065_28b97bf3f456cbf4379e68b84a98c32a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
2476-762X
15
21
2014
12
01
Absence of the TP53 Poly-A Signal Sequence Variant rs78378222 in Oral, Cervical and Breast Cancers in South India
9555
9556
EN
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30066.html
https://journal.waocp.org/article_30066_a51dc5ffeb41d5c8f31e0f39020a8977.pdf