2024-03-29T12:39:38Z
https://journal.waocp.org/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=11838
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Cytogenetic Biomonitoring on Oral Mucosa Cells of Hookah Users: Is It Possible?
Ana Carolina Flygare
Souza
Marina Gomes
Galvani
Daniel Vitor de
Souza
Daniel Araki
Ribeiro
micronucleus assay
oral mucosa
Hookah use
2020
07
01
1849
1849
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89151_5602e2700d8f45cb5ffc70965f92cdc2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Topical Treatment of Oral Mucositis in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Geisa
Sant Ana
Ana Gabriela Costa
Normando
Isabela
de Toledo
Paula Elaine Diniz
dos Reis
Eliete Neves Silva
Guerra
Background and Purpose: Evidence-based protocols of topical therapy for oral mucositis (OM) induced by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) are continuously established and updated. Thus, the present systematic review aims to evaluate the scientific literature in terms of effectiveness of topical treatment of OM in cancer patients undergoing CRT. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Checklist. Randomized clinical trials were identified through electronic database searches on CINAHL, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Livivo, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Grey literature was also assessed on Google Scholar, Open Grey, and ProQuest. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Results: Twenty-three randomized clinical trials (n=1169 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-three different topical agents were examined and categorized into five groups: analgesics (30.4%), natural agents (21.7%), other topical agents (21.7%), antimicrobial agents (17.4%), and growth factors (8.8%). Of the included studies, 50% presented a resolution of OM within 14 days. Topical natural agents yielded good results with average resolution time of 3–7 days. The included studies generally demonstrated that patients treated with mouthwashes presented superior benefits compared to the control, depending on OM severity. Conclusion: Topical agents effectively reduced the severity of OM lesions and pain intensity in patients receiving chemoradiotherapy, although the effects varied by agent type. However, the heterogeneity in the results of these topical intervention studies underscores the need for standardized clinical trial methodologies. Clinical Relevance: Topical agents were effective in patients with severe OM lesions receiving chemoradiotherapy and are a good alternative of home care in relation to pain control, reduction of inflammation and consequent improvement in quality of life.
topical intervention
Chemotherapy
radiotherapy
Oral Mucositis
randomized controlled trial
2020
07
01
1851
1866
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89152_ae23a01f013d0e3850ae77e5b7dcf3ec.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Toxicity of Saffron Extracts on Cancer and Normal Cells: A Review Article
Masihollah
Shakeri
Akbar
Hashemi Tayer
Heshmatollah
Shakeri
Abdolreza
Sotoodeh Jahromi
Malihe
Moradzadeh
Mohammad
Hojjat-Farsangi
Background and Aim: Medicinal plants have played an important role in human health since the Stone Age. According to WHO, 80% of Asian and African people rely on traditional medicine and medicinal plants to conserve their health. Saffron has received much attention among the herbal compounds related to cancer treatment. Methods: This review aims to provide an overview of in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation molecule mechanism for anti-tumor activity, cancer preventing and protective effects of saffron extract. The review is based on the available data accessible in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Magiran.ir, and SID.ir databases. Results: Saffron has selective toxic and preventive effects on cancerous cells and without adverse effects on normal cells and prevents tumor formation. Saffron appears to reduce the toxic effects of anticancer drugs. Saffron has toxicity effects when used in high amounts, which are far greater than those are used in human food culture. Conclusions: Considering the observed effects of saffron on the removal of cancer cells, saffron extract can be used in the treatment and prevention of cancer after confirmation in human clinical trials. According to the high IC50 of saffron extracts in normal cells, its toxicity against non-cancerous cells is low and its use is safe. Besides, the studies suggested the cytotoxic effects of saffron on some of the more cancers, including nervous system cancer and common cancers. Further studies are required to determine the effective dose and influence of mechanism of saffron in various animal type of cancers.
cancer
Cytotoxicity
Saffron Extract
2020
07
01
1867
1875
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89153_cfe2c2f6273ed748ad6bd2aed1154eeb.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Silibinin Triggers the Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis in Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells
Radhika
Murali Iyangar
Ezhilarasan
Devaraj
Background: Silibinin, a natural polyphenolic flavonoid present in seed extracts of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). It has been shown to interact with various cancer-related cell signalling pathways in preclinical models, demonstrating promising anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effect of silibinin was evaluated in human oral squamous carcinoma (SCC-25) cells by MTT assay. The apoptosis-related morphological changes were investigated by AO/EB dual staining. The cytochrome c, caspases-3, and -9, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and B-cell associated X protein (Bax) gene expressions were analysed by PCR. Results: We have shown that silibinin treatment for 24 h in SCC-25 cells induced cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxic potential was due to the induction of apoptosis via the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol and subsequent activation of caspases-3 and -9. Dual staining assay was further confirmed the induction of early apoptosis upon silibinin treatment. Conclusion: The results from this study show that silibinin can be considered as a promising drug candidate for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Silybum marianum
cytochrome C
Caspases
Cytotoxicity
Apoptosis
2020
07
01
1877
1882
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89150_7d8b927bd643c6abed925745e2ed7028.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Influence of Demographic and Reproductive Factors on Cervical Pre-Cancer and Cancer in Bangladesh
Ashrafun
Nessa
Rowson
Ara
Parveen
Fatema
Begum
Nasrin
Afroza
Chowdhury
Kamrul Hasan
Khan
Ashim Ranjan
Barua
Mohammad Harun Ur
Rashid
Background: In Bangladesh, cervical cancer (CC) is the 2nd most common cancer with estimated 8068 new cases and 5,214 deaths every year. It is also revealed that different socio-demographic factors have association with CC. This study was performed to evaluate the colposcopy outcomes and the association of different demographic and reproductive risk factors with cervical pre-cancer and cancer. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the colposcopy clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) between January 2010 and December 2016. Results: A total 16147 women attended the colposcopy clinic of BSMMU with VIA positive reports. Among them, 65.73% women were referred from different VIA centers of Dhaka district. Mean age of marriage of the subjects was 16. 93 (± 1) and mean age of 1st delivery was 18.45 years (± 4.10). Almost three-fourth of them were married before 18 years and had their 1st delivery by 20 years. Colposcopy examination of the VIA positive women revealed that 36.7% had CINI, 10.6% had CINII/ III and 7.1% had carcinoma of cervix. Considering CIN as disease the Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of colposcopy were found 99.7%, 75.3%, 70.3% and 99.8% respectively. On other hand considering CIN2+ as disease the Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of colposcopy were found 73.8%, 92.7%, 64.4% and 95.2% respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that higher age (p=0.000), lower level of education (p=0.007), lower socioeconomic status (p=0.014), higher parity (p=0.001) had individual influence on cervical pre-cancer and cancer. Conclusions: This study indicated higher age, low level of education, lower socio-economic condition and higher parity as most important socio-demographic factors for developing cervical pre-cancer and cancer in Bangladesh.
Demographic
reproductive factors
Cervical Pre-Cancer
cancer
Bangladesh
2020
07
01
1883
1889
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89154_b1d374f14b0d32da39a116422b4eb08a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Validation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy with Cervical Cancer Subscale (FACT-CX) for Quality of Life in Thai Patients Prior to Chemoradiotherapy
Thanarpan
Peerawong
Yuthasak
Suphasynth
Chanon
Kongkamol
Paytai
Rordlamool
Jidapa
Bridhikitti
Rungarun
Jiratrachu
Duangjai
Sangtawan
Thiti
Atjimakul
Saibua
Chicharoen
Objective: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Thailand. For cervical cancer, there is no cancer specific quality of life questionnaire. This study aims to develop and validate Thai FACT-CX. Methods: The cross-sectional study included all women aged ≥18 years with stage IB2-IIIB who planned to undergo chemoradiotherapy. Those who did not understand Thai language, had other cancers (except for skin cancer), were diagnosed with impaired cognition and/or overt psychosis, and major depression were excluded. The FACT-CX comprises 42 items with 5 domains and a score range of 0-168. The WHOQOL-BREF comprises 26 items with 4 domains and a score range of 26-130. The participants were interviewed about demographic and clinical data. Both questionnaires were self-completed. Factor analysis was used to compare our data with the previous structure. The reliability used Cronbach’s alpha. Spearman’s correlation determined relationship between the domains of the modified FACT-CX and WHOQOL-BREF. Both questionnaires were compared with socioeconomic and clinical variables using the Ranksum test and Kruskal-Wallis test. P-value > 0.05 considered significant. Results: The 245 participants included. Expletory factor analysis revealed an accumulative variance of 0.42 with 4 factors. The internal consistency was 0.84, 0.81, 0.78, 0.77 and 0.90 for perception of self, suffering symptoms, family support, life resilience and total questions. There was correlation between the domains of the modified FACT-CX and WHOQOL-BREF. Both the modified FACT-CX and WHOQOL-BREF could identify differences between the groups of patients. Conclusion: Finally, the Thai modified FACT-CX was found to be reliable and valid for measuring quality of life among untreated cervical cancer patients.
Validation
FACT-CX
Quality of Life
Cervical cancer
2020
07
01
1891
1897
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89155_a538b4bdb2db1f28698e439c450833b7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Association of Multidrug Resistance Gene-1 (MDR1 C1236T) Polymorphism with the Risk of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a Moroccan Population
Oum Kaltoum
Ait Boujmia
Sellama
Nadifi
Hind
Dehbi
Mouna
Lamchahab
Asma
Quessar
The human multidrug resistance MDR1 gene plays a crucial role in the absorption, transport, metabolism and elimination of harmful compounds. An impaired metabolism of these compounds related to genetic polymorphism may cause cancer such as acute myeloid leukemia AML. Objective: The present study investigated the relationship between C1236T polymorphism and the risk of AML development in a sample of Moroccan population. Methods: The present case-control study included 131 AML patients and 136 healthy controls. The MDR1 C1236T polymorphism was identified by PCR-RFLP method. Meta-analysis was performed to discuss our results. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, MetaGenyo and MedCalc. Results: A positive association was found between the 1236TT mutant genotype and the risk of AML (OR 2.39; 95% CI 1.02-5.57, p= 0.04) compared to the wild type 1236CC. In addition, the recessive model revealed that carriers of 1236TT mutant genotype were more exposed to develop AML when compared to the combined 1236CC/CT genotype (OR: 2.27, CI: 1.01–5.05, p=0.04). The clinical parameters of AML showed no significant association. Meta-analysis demonstrated no statistically significant association between this polymorphism and AML susceptibility. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the MDR1C1236T polymorphism appears to be associated with the risk of AML. Further studies, including a large sample size, are needed to confirm these findings.
P-gp
MDR1
acute myeloid leukemia
Single nucleotide polymorphism
Meta-analysis
2020
07
01
1899
1904
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89156_1cc32eba3661e13e3d5b15c3ae0c3335.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Incremental Benefits of Multiple Tobacco Control Interventions: A Factorial Randomized Control Trial
Divya
Persai
Anup
Karan
Rajmohan
Panda
Tobacco control requires a comprehensive approach. The present study aims to examine the incremental effectiveness of health systems intervention when combined with other interventions in enhancing knowledge and practices of physicians in tobacco cessation. Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted among 437 physicians in 12 districts of two states of India in 2011-13. The interventions consisted of Health Systems (H), Community (C) and Youth intervention (Y). Administrative Blocks /Mandals were randomly assigned to one of the three interventions (HC /HCY/HY) and control units. The health system intervention consisted of training physicians and developing a system of patient support and supervision for tobacco cessation. The primary outcome was change in knowledge and practices of physicians in tobacco cessation. Logistic regression model was applied to assess the impact of single and combination of interventions. Results: An increase in knowledge was observed on effects of tobacco on adverse birth outcomes, advice on NRT and, information provided on chronic disease management among physicians in HC, HY and HCY intervention units compared to control units from pre-intervention to post-intervention. Statistically significant change was observed in knowledge of physicians on effects of tobacco on adverse birth outcomes in HC (OR- 4.75, p-0.02) and HCY (OR- 5.08, p-0.04) intervention units. Conclusions: HCY intervention was most effective in enhancing knowledge and practices of physicians in tobacco cessation. Our study suggests that individual tobacco control interventions when combined together has an incremental effect and increases the likelihood of provision of tobacco cessation services in primary care.
Community intervention
health system intervention
Primary Care
randomized control trial
tobacco control
2020
07
01
1905
1911
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89157_93832d70f857ccd4353ac750aafa9a66.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
miR-140 and miR-196a as Potential Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Patients
Arman
Shahabi
Behrooz
Naghili
Khalil
Ansarin
Vahid
Montazeri
Nosratollah
Zarghami
Objective: MiR-140 and miR-196a were known to be correlated with cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The current study aimed at the analysis of miR-140 and miR-196a expression patterns and their clinical significance for breast cancer (BC) patients. Methods: Differentially expressed miR-140 and miR-196a were examined via quantitative PCR in 110 cases of BC and their adjacent non-tumor (ANT) tissues. Results: The results indicated that miR-140 and miR-196a, respectively, notably decreased and increased expression in BC samples in comparison with ANT (p<0.001). Reduced miR-140 expression was also related to Lymph node metastasis (LNM, P= 0.023) and stage (P = 0.009). Additionally, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis illustrated that miR-140 had a significant diagnostic accuracy for stage and LNM of BC patients. We also discovered a strong negative correlation between miR-196a expression with histological grade (P = 0.038), LNM (P = 0.012) and stage (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Overall, exploring the miR-140 and miR-196a profiles not only can statistically different among BC and ANT samples, but it is also expected to become potential BC biomarkers.
Biomarkers
miR-140
miR-196a
Quantitative PCR
breast cancer
2020
07
01
1913
1918
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89158_1cf907c06fecca7622fdd48989b8cab1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Influence of Two DNA Repair Pathway Polymorphisms in Colorectal Cancer Risk in Southwest Iran
Seyed Mohammad
Hosseini
Javad
Mohammadiasl
Abdulhasan
Talaiezadeh
Rahim
Alidadi
Mahdi
Bijanzadeh
Objective: X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and 8 Oxo guanine DNA-glycosylase 1 (OGG1) genes are implicated in the repair of single-stranded breaks (SSBRs) and base excision repair (BER) pathways. Common polymorphisms in DNA repair genes are supposed to decrease the capability of DNA repair and cause genetic instability. This study was designed to investigate the association between XRCC1 (rs25487) and OGG1 (rs1052133) polymorphisms and susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Ahvaz city, south-west Iran. Methods: This case- control study comprised 150 patients and 150 controls that were selected from 2 educational hospitals in Ahvaz. They were matched for age and gender, and their genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Our results indicate that the frequency of the Gln (A) allele of XRCC1 (rs25487) is significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients, compare to controls (p = 0.01, OR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.9–13.3). Significant increased risk of cancer was observed in XRCC1 (rs25487) genotypes (p = 0.001 OR: 5.3, 95% CI 1.9–14.2 for Gln / Gln), while no association was found between OGG1 (rs1052133) and colorectal cancer risk (p = 0.6). Conclusion: Our study suggests that XRCC1 (rs25487) polymorphism might be associated with an increasing risk of CRC in Ahvaz. It also demonstrates positive correlation between the XRCC1 (rs25487) genotypes and demographic characteristics, such as smoking and increased age in patients and control groups.
Polymorphism
colorectal cancer
restriction fragment length polymorphism
2020
07
01
1919
1924
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89159_4f39631cb33e9cad753d7669ad76764c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
ERCC1, XRCC1, and GSTP1 Polymorphisms and Treatment Outcomes of Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients Treated with Platinum-based Chemotherapy
Salisa
liblab
Apichai
Vusuratana
Nutthada
Areepium
Objective: The first line regimen for treating epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is platinum-based chemotherapy. Various factors impact its effectiveness including polymorphisms of enzymes in platinum-related metabolism processes. Methods: We conducted the study to investigate the association between polymorphisms of ERCC1, XRCC1 and GSTP1, which responsible for platinum’s metabolisms in Thai epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Results: Fifty-two patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer were enrolled into this study. Genotyping analysis of ERCC1 (C->A, rs3212986), XRCC1 (A->G, rs25487) and GSTP (A->G, rs1695) were performed which variant allele frequencies were found at 35.6%, 28.9% and 10.6%, respectively. Patients with homozygous variant type (A/A) of ERCC1 C8092A had higher rate of platinum-resistance (75% vs 16.7%, p =0.046). In addition, the significant association of GSTP1 polymorphism and grade 2 anemia was found. Patients with A/G genotype of GSTP1 had higher rate of grade 2 anemia (81.8% vs 46.3%, p =0.036). Conclusions: Genetic polymorphisms of ERCC1, and GSTP1 might be useful biomarkers for prediction of clinical benefit and toxicities of platinum-based chemotherapy in Thai epithelial ovarian cancer patients.
Ovarian Cancer
platinum chemotherapy
polymorphisms
2020
07
01
1925
1929
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89160_65f80e10f0d9fb44beda85667fd20fe1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Afghan Frontier: Understanding Tobacco Practices among Migrant Population in India
Rashmi
Mehra
Vikrant Ranjan
Mohanty
Aswini
Y B
Karn
Mehra
Shivam
Kapoor
Background: According to the World Refugee Survey by US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, migrants from Afghanistan constitute the 4th largest group of migrants to India. No previous study has been conducted to assess the tobacco consumption status and pattern among this marginalised migrant population. Aim: To get an insight of the tobacco usage pattern, accessibility and attitude towards tobacco cessation among the migrant population from Afghanistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of Afghan tobacco users residing in Delhi, India in the month of June 2017. A close-ended self-administered validated questionnaire in Persian language was distributed at local cafés and restaurants. Statistical analysis: Data was entered in MS Excel Spreadsheet and descriptive statistics using SPSS version 21 were carried out. Results: A total of 127 male Afghan tobacco users with mean age of 33.49± 11.97 years completed the questionnaire. Better work opportunities were the most common reason for migration. Most of them (69%) smoked tobacco and 15.5% used only Naswar. Half (52%) of the respondents continue to use tobacco products manufactured in Afghanistan with 62% procuring the product through social means (friends/family). On assessing barriers to tobacco use, majority (85%) found higher cost of tobacco products to be a deterrent while19% agreed lack of availability to be a barrier. 50% felt that law enforcement and tobacco use regulation in India curbed their tobacco use. Tobacco usage was a stress buster for 64% of the respondents. Although 72% were interested in quitting tobacco, 58% feared losing friends if they quit. Strikingly, 93% were unaware about the availability of cessation services. Conclusion: Even as Afghans migrate from their homeland, they carry their cultural and social practices with them, including tobacco products, patterns and practices.
tobacco use
Refugees
India
Tobacco cessation
Migrants
2020
07
01
1931
1937
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89161_36c008df7a51719734b7c9cf8aadc7aa.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Nutrition Indicators, Physical Function, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients
Krystal Ng
Lu Shin
Chan Yoke
Mun
Zalilah Mohd
Shariff
Objective: This study aimed to investigate how nutrition indicators and physical function may influence Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of breast cancer patients undergoing treatment. Methods: This was a cross sectional study among a total of 163 breast cancer patients. Series of measurements including anthropometry, biochemical, and dietary were employed to assess patients’ nutritional status while physical function was assessed by handgrip strength. HRQoL of patients was determined using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30) version 3.0. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors associated with HRQoL. Results: Breast cancer patients perceived moderately their overall quality of life (QoL), with the mean global health status (GHS) score of 69.12. Emotional functioning was the poorest functional scale while fatigue was the most distressing symptom presented by the patients. Approximately 20% of patients had low corrected arm muscle area while more than half had low hemoglobin level. More than 90% of patients did not meet the overall dietary recommendation and had poor handgrip strength. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was associated with GHS (β: 0.906; 95% CI: 0.22, 1.56) and cognitive functioning (β: -1.543; 95% CI: -3.07, -0.01). Handgrip strength was positively associated with most of HRQoL outcomes. Conclusions: Breast cancer patients reported overall good nutritional status and moderate QoL during treatment. Being well-nourished improved HRQoL and handgrip strength could be a potential proxy for functional outcomes as well as overall QoL.
breast cancer
Handgrip strength
Health-related quality of life
Nutritional Status
2020
07
01
1939
1950
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89162_cd2030e71339e3343cc2616a6037f787.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Knowledge of Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Vaccines among Child-Bearing Aged Women in Hanoi, Vietnam
Nguyen Thi Ngoc
Phuong
Le Thi Thanh
Xuan
Le Thi
Huong
Do Thi Thanh
Toan
Jin Kyung
Oh
Young Joo
Won
Kui Son
Choi
Objectives: The study sought to examine knowledge of cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines among child-bearing aged women in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods: In 2016, 807 women aged 18 to 49 years were recruited from one urban area and one rural area in 2016 and were examined through face-to-face paper-based interviews. Pearson’s chi-square test and an independent t-test were utilized to compare awareness of cervical cancer and HPV vaccination among women according residential status. Results: Overall, 83.8% and 71.3% women had heard about cervical cancer and HPV vaccination, respectively. Mean knowledge scores for cervical cancer and HPV vaccination were 4.60±1.43 out of 7 and 1.53±1.35 out of 5, respectively. Women living in an urban area were more likely to be aware of cervical cancer and to be more knowledgeable of HPV vaccination than women in a rural area. Conclusions: Despite strong awareness, we found knowledge on cervical cancer and HPV vaccination to be alarmingly insufficient among Vietnamese women.
Cervical cancer
HPV vaccines
Knowledge
Vietnam
2020
07
01
1951
1957
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89163_7b047d7dbe290a9599d2259c78af605c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Crocin Increases Gastric Cancer Cells’ Sensitivity to Doxorubicin
Seyedeh Mahya
Shariat Razavi
Reyhaneh
Mahmoudzadeh Vaziri
Gholamreza
Karimi
Sepideh
Arabzadeh
Vahideh
Keyvani
Javad
Behravan
Fatemeh
Kalalinia
Background: Crocin is one of the substantial constituents of saffron extract. It has multiple clinical effects including anti-cancer effects. The development of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype is one of the principal causes of cancer chemotherapy failure. The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) is one of the MDR-related protein and is often overexpressed in different cancers. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of crocin on the expression and function of MDR1 protein in EPG85-257 and EPG85-257RDB gastric cancer cell lines. Methods: The cytotoxicity effect of crocin was evaluated by the MTT assay. The impacts of crocin on the expression and function of MDR1 were assessed by Real-time RT-PCR and MTT assay, respectively. Results: The results demonstrated that crocin decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with higher intensity on the EPG85-257 than the EPG85-257RDB cells. Crocin did not make any significant changes in the MDR1 gene expression level in EPG85-257 and EPG85-257RDB cell lines. In contrast, crocin increased doxorubicin cytotoxicity in drug-resistant cells, which might be induced by reduced MDR1 activity. Conclusion: In summary, although crocin did not affect mRNA expression of MDR1, results of MTT assay suggest that it might inhibit the MDR1 function.
Crocin
Multidrug Resistance
MDR1
Gastric cancer
doxorubicin
2020
07
01
1959
1967
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89164_db528944901273081c525bd81ff8314b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Quality of Life in Patients with Gynecological Cancers: A Web-Based Study
Elham
Shirali
Fariba
Yarandi
Marjan
Ghaemi
Ali
Montazeri
Introduction: Gynecological cancers are common in adult women. One of the most important goals in the management of these patients is to improve quality of life, along with survival as a traditional outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate quality of life in gynecological cancers in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of patients with gynecological cancers including uterine, ovarian, cervical, and vulvovaginal attending a teaching hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences between 2014 and 2019. The data was collected by a web-based platform with validated self-administered questionnaires including demographic information, the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HADS). The data were analyzed using appropriate tests. Results: In all 251 patients were studied. The mean age of patients was 52.8±12.4 years and 43% had uterine, 30% had ovarian, 25% had cervical, and 2% had vulvovaginal cancer. The mean global quality of life score as measured by the EORTC QLQ-C30 was 59.8 ± 24.9. Women with ovarian cancer had the highest and women with cervical cancer had the lowest global quality of life score. There were significant differences in emotional, cognitive and global quality of life by cancer diagnosis (p <0.05). Although not significant, overall physical, role, cognitive and social functioning was found to be better in women who had been treated with surgery. The mean anxiety and depression score were 8.7± 5.0 and 7.1 ± 5.2, respectively. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that patients with gynecological cancers had a low quality of life, and experience higher anxiety and depression.
Quality of Life
gynecological cancer
Women’s health, EORTC QLQ-C30, HADS
2020
07
01
1969
1975
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89165_d891d6eeb2333d7a5908353c75d14911.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Anticancer Activity of Solvent Extracts of Hexogonia glabra against Cervical Cancer Cell Lines
Swapan Kumar
Ghosh
Tapojyoti
Sanyal
Tanmay
Bera
Objective: In this study, we aimed to harness some solvent extracts of one wild mushroom Hexagonia glabra and test their anti-cancer activity against cervical human cell lines, namelyHeLa, SiHa, and CaSki. Methods: It includes cell morphological study by microscope, nuclear morphology by DAPI staining under fluorescence microscopy, apoptosis assay by fluorescence technique, anti-proliferation by MTT assay and expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes by Western blotting and cell cycle analysis was done. Results: The selected cervical cancer cells were treated separately with 150 µg/mL of three extracts, namely of ethanolic (EE), ethyl acetate (EAE), and water extract (WE) and exhibited features like round, shrink and dead. All extracts caused apoptosis in cell lines and EE had the highest effect in this regard. The percentages of apoptotic cells in HeLa, SiHa and CaSki, at the same concentration of EE were 79.23, 75.42, and 76.36% respectively. Cytotoxicity assay showed that all three extracts (50 – 250 μg/mL) were potent for inhibition of cell growth of three cell lines and again EE had the highest effect. The percentages of cell growth inhibition in HeLa, SiHa, and CaSki cells treated with EE at 24 h at 50 µg/mL were 45.79±4.11, 41.66±4.03, and 36.72±2.67, while they were 74.23±7.45, 62.31±5.97, and 54.23±5.04 at 150 µg/mL concentration. At 250 µg/mL concentration, the percentages of cell growth inhibition were 94.25 ±8.11, 90.02 ±8.67, and 85.43±6.21, respectively. The expression of apoptotic gene (Caspase 3, 9) and tumor guard gene (p53), as their proteins in Western blotting increased . However, anti-apoptotic BcL2 gene of all cell lines was decreased following treatment with extracts. In addition, the cell cycle analysis (CaSki cell) showed that treatment (EE) arrested at G2/M check point cell cycle. Conclusion: All extracts of this mushroom were active in arresting growth of three cell lines and EE had the highest effect, indicating that this mushroom can be a valuable source of anticancer agents.
Human cancer cell line
mushroom
Apoptosis
Cytotoxicity
MTT assay
2020
07
01
1977
1986
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89166_5ab7b37b4f60a99a410235a551206cb7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
NOTCH-1 Gene Mutations Influence Survival in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Salah
Aref
Rasha
Rizk
Mohamed
El Agder
Wafaa
Fakhry
Maha
El Zafarany
Mohamed
Sabry
Background: Although NOTCH-1 gene mutations were reported to contributes to leukemogenesis in lymphocytic leukemias, its role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. Therefor; this study was designed to determine the prevalence and clinical impact of NOTCH-1 mutations in AML patients. Materials and Methods: In the current study, NOTCH-1 gene mutations were identified in Bone Marrow samples obtained from fifty primary AML patients before start of therapy using Sanger sequencing. Results: NOTCH-1 gene mutations were detected in 6 out of 50 AML cases (12%). The three mutations were (two mutations C7318A in the Pest domain exon 34); (another 2 in the Pest domain Del 7,344, ins C7349, G7356A and the last ones in the HD-N exon-26 (Del A4609). The clinical findings in the mutant AML (mu AML) patients did not significantly different as compared to the un mutated (unmut) AML patients. There is significant association between CD7 aberrant expression and NOTCH-1 mutations. The complete remission was significantly higher in unmut AML cases as compared to mut AML ones (P=0.024). Multivariate (Age; Gender; Bone Marrow Blast cells; NOTCH-1 mutations) Cox regression analysis revealed that NOTCH-1 mutation is an independent risk factor for AML overall survival (P<0.001). The OS in unmut AML group (21.2 months) was significantly longer as compared to mut AML one (1.2 months) (P<0.001). Conclusion: Our data indicate that NOTCH-1 gene mutations were detected in 12% of AML patients. These mutations displayed bad clinical outcome on AML patients. Therapeutic targeting of NOTCH-1 could be a potentially effective approach to combat master oncogenic drivers in AML.
NOTCH1
mutations
AML
Overall survival
2020
07
01
1987
1992
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89167_bef5ded9fb01ae1e55c0b6bf35ba16ed.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
The Clinicopathological Impact of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Gene Expression and Different Molecular Prognostic Biomarkers in Egyptian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Bassant
Nagdy
Hebatallah A
Kassem
Abdel-Rahman B
Abdel-Ghaffar
Dina M
Seoudi
Neemat M
Kassem
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by clonal expansion of myeloid precursors with diminished capacity for differentiation. It develops as the consequence of a series of genetic changes in a hematopoietic precursor cell. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the correlation between GM-CSF gene expression and different molecular prognostic markers such as FLT3-ITD, NPM1 mutation A and CEBPA gene expression in 100 Egyptian AML patients. As well as, correlation with the response to induction therapy, DFS andOS in these patients. Methodology: Quantitative assessment of GM-CSF gene expression was performed by qRT-PCR. Additional prognostic molecular markers were determined as FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutation A together with quantitative assessment of CEBPA gene expression by qRT-PCR. Results: Patients with high GM-CSF expression levels had better OS and DFS with p value 0.004 and 0.02, respectively. However, no statistically significant difference between low andhigh GM-CSF gene expression was found regarding the response to therapy (p value= 0.08). Most patients with low CEBPA expression had resistant disease together with poor OS and DFS (P value =
AML
GM-CSF
CEBPA
FLT3-ITD
NPM1 mutation A
2020
07
01
1993
2001
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89168_ae8b9244305950cd8d1f733d21c16e9c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Practical Laboratory Tools for Monitoring of BCR-ABL1 Transcripts and Tyrosine Kinase (TK) Domain Mutations in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing TK Inhibitor Therapy: A Single-Center Experience in Thailand
Nittaya
Limsuwanachot
Adcharee
Kongruang
Budsaba
Rerkamnuaychoke
Roongrudee
Singdong
Pimjai
Niparuck
Saengsuree
Jootar
Teerapong
Siriboonpiputtana
Objective: The genetic hallmark of CML is known as the appearance of t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) (BCR-ABL1) which is present in more than 95% of cases. Here, we demonstrated practical laboratory tools for monitoring of BCR-ABL1 transcripts in chronic myeloid leukemia patients undergoing TK inhibitor therapy. Methods: Real time quantitative PCR and direct sequencing were performed for monitoring of BCR-ABL1 transcripts in 245 treated CML. Results: At month 3 after first time point of monitoring, we found that 89% (218/245), 2% (5/245), and 9% (22/245) of patients are determined as optimal, warning, and failure response, respectively. The responses to TKI were slightly decreased at months 6 as following 73% optimal (180/245), 18% warning (43/245), and 9% failure response (22/245). Additionally, responses to TKI were gradually decreased at month 12 after first time point of monitoring as following 65% optimal (160/245), 13% warning (31/245), and 22% failure (54/245). We could detect 20% (49/245) of patients positive for BCR-ABL1 TKD mutations. Interestingly, one third (17 of 49) of TKD mutated cases were positive for compound/polyclonal mutation patterns. While major molecular response were observed in the majority of patients without TKD mutation, resistant to TKI were detected in patients with T315I mutation (n = 9; % mean IS = 8.1510, % median IS = 9.7000), compound/polyclonal mutations with T315I (n = 9; % mean IS = 13.0779, % median IS = 5.404), and other TKD mutations (n = 14; % mean IS = 8.1416, % median IS = 1.060), respectively. Conlusion: These practical laboratory techniques provided a more comprehensive understanding of CML progression during drug therapy and could be of benefit in earlier prognosis.
Chronic myeloid leukemia
BCR-ABL1 mRNA
BCR-ABL1 TKD mutations
2020
07
01
2003
2012
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89169_99f23e2e0b677fde3b1d86c3720f8eae.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Human Papillomavirus Detection and Abnormal Anal Cytology in HIV-infected Patients Using p16/Ki-67 Dual-Staining
Natcha
Patarapadungkit
Parinyabhorn
Khonhan
Pornrith
Pisuttimarn
Chamsai
Pientong
Tipaya
Ekalaksananan
Supinda
Koonmee
Objective: We investigated human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and detected anal squamous intraepithelial lesions by modified liquid-based cytology (LBC) and p16/Ki67 dual-staining. Methods: Anal swabs (n=393) were collected from patients with HIV infection. Anal cells were kept in 95% ethyl alcohol for modified LBC. DNA was extracted from cells for HPV detection and genotyping using real-time PCR and reverse line blot hybridization. Results: Nine samples (2.3%) were unsatisfactory specimens, 74.8% (294/393) were negative for intraepithelial malignancies (NILM) and 22.9% (90/393) exhibited squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). In the latter category, 13.7% of samples (54/393) contained atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 6.9% (27/393) were classified as low-grade SIL (LSIL) and 2.3% (9/393) as high-grade SIL (HSIL). A total of 331 from 393 swab samples were suitable for detection of HPV infection. Among these, 34.1% (113/331) were positive. HPV 58 (15.9%) was the most common genotype, followed by HPV 18 (14.2%) and HPV 16 (11.5%). The severity of abnormal cells was significantly associated with HPV infection. Dual staining with p16/Ki-67 was performed on 130 samples: in 30.8% (40/130) of samples positive staining was significantly associated with severity of abnormal cells. Agreement between cytology, p16/Ki67 dual-staining and high-risk HPV detection was 100% in HSIL samples. Interestingly, eight apparently NIML cases might have contained abnormal cells, since they were positive by both p16/Ki67 dual-staining and high-risk HPV detection. Conclusion: Anal specimens screened using modified LBC with 95% ethyl alcohol solution as the fixative are suitable for screening anal precancerous lesions by cytology, HPV testing and p16/Ki-67 dual staining.
anal cytology
HIV
HPV
p16/ki67
dual-staining
2020
07
01
2013
2019
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89170_d08893f23160761f79ffeadf42d3ffe9.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Health Literacy, Knowledge on Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear and Its Influence on Pre-Marital Malay Muslim Women Attitude towards Pap Smear
Nurul Nadia
Baharum
Farnaza
Ariffin
Mohamad Rodi
Isa
Su Tin
Tin
Background: Cervical cancer is preventable. In Malaysia, women are found to have good awareness of the disease and yet, the Pap smear uptake is still poor. Measuring health literacy level could explain this discrepancy. This study aims to determine the relationship between health literacy, level of knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap smear with attitude towards Pap smear among women attending pre-marital course. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed in three randomly selected centres that organised pre-marital courses. All Malay Muslim women participants aged 18 to 40 years old were recruited while non-Malaysian, illiterate, and had hysterectomy were excluded. Validated self-administered questionnaires used were European Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q16 Malay) and Knowledge and attitude towards Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Questionnaire. The mean percentage score (mean± SD) was calculated, with higher scores showed better outcomes. Multiple linear regression was used to measure the relationship of independent variables with attitude towards Pap smear. Results: A total of 417 participants were recruited with a mean age of 24.9 ± 3.56 years old. Prevalence of awareness of cervical cancer was 91.6% (n=382, 95% CI: 89.0%, 94.2%) and mean percentage score was 74.7%±7.6. Prevalence of awareness of Pap smear was 59.0% (n=246, 95% CI: 54.2%, 63.8%) and mean percentage score was 80.2% ± 6.5. The health literacy mean score was 13.3±3.6, with minimum score 0 and maximum score 16. The mean percentage score of attitudes towards Pap smear was 64.8%±9.3. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated significant relationship between health literacy (p=0.047) and knowledge of Pap smear (p<0.001) with attitude towards Pap smear. Conclusion: A higher health literacy with high knowledge of Pap smear improves the attitude towards Pap smear. Pre-marital course is an opportunistic platform to disseminate information to improve health literacy and knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap smear screening.
Health literacy
knowledge of cervical cancer
knowledge of Pap smear
attitude towards Pap smear
2020
07
01
2021
2028
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89171_c17cc329a531552bb8651e20ebe16e4b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Anti-Migration and Invasion Effects of Astaxanthin against A172 Human Glioblastoma Cell Line
Tanapan
Siangcham
Pornpun
Vivithanaporn
Kant
Sangpairoj
Objectives: The study was to investigate anti-migration and invasion effects of astaxanthin (ATX), a natural carotenoid derivative distributed in marine environments, against A172 human glioblastoma cells. Materials and Methods: Cell viability after ATX treatment was measured by MTT assays. Tumor cell migration and invasion were observed by scratch and Boyden chamber assays, respectively. Expression of MMP-2 and activity of MMP-9 were observed by immunoblotting and gelatin zymography, respectively. Results: ATX up to 150 µM was not toxic to A172 cells at 48 h post-treatment. In contrast, ATX at 50 and 100 µM significantly decreased migration and invasion of A172 cells at 24 and 48 h post-treatment. Metastatic-reducing effect of ATX is associated with the reduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: This finding indicated that ATX has anti-migration and invasion effects against human glioblastoma cells and might be applicable for the protection against metastasis of glioblastoma.
astaxanthin
Glioblastoma
migration
Invasion
matrix metalloproteinase
2020
07
01
2029
2033
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89172_568fd2d0847135cc8c4320943bcdb66a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in a Resource-Limited Environment
Moses
New-Aaron
Jane L
Meza
Martha H
Goedert
Stephen M
Kibusi
Mkhoi L
Mkhoi
Caroline Damian
Mayengo
James
Charles
Siraji
Shabani
Kelsie M
Musil
Anlan
Cheney
Samwel
Sumba
Background: Cervical cancer is among the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide and women living with HIV are at increased risk, especially in a resource-limited environment. Objective: This study aimed to determine levels of awareness, knowledge, uptake, and willingness to screen for cervical cancer among women receiving care in an HIV clinic at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital (DRRH), Tanzania. Methods: Data were collected for a period of three weeks from July 21 to August 11, 2017 using a mobile phone data collection App. A total of 421 Women aged 18-50 years old were included in the study. Results: Majority of the women interviewed (n=306, 73%) were aware of cervical cancer. Among those who were aware, 84% (n=257) did not recall ever being screened for cervical cancer, and majority had a poor knowledge of cervical cancer. Educational level completed (p=0.01), income per month (p=0.02), age group (p<0.0001), and area of residence (p<0.0001) were all significantly associated to awareness of cervical cancer. Most of the women who have never screened (n=231, 91%) expressed willingness to be screened. Prior uptake of cervical cancer screening was associated with number of live births (p=0.001) and area of residence (p=0.04). And Willingness to screen was significantly associated with age groups (p=0.03) and the number of live births (p=0.03). Moreover, we found that younger age and urban residence was positively associated with awareness and uptake of cervical cancer screening. Willingness was found to decrease as age increased. Conclusion: The study found that despite older women’s higher risk of cervical cancer, those who indicated willingness to screen were younger. Additional education, health promotion, and integration of cervical cancer screening services is needed to improve cervical cancer awareness and screening uptake at the HIV clinic.
cervical cancer screening
awareness
Willingness
Uptake
Women living with HIV
2020
07
01
2035
2045
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89173_9669c7169fcaa86ade80f5f78a1e518f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Genetic Polymorphism of Epidermal Growth Factor Gene as a Predictor of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis C Cirrhotic Patients
Ibrahim
Baghdadi
Khaled
Abu Ella
Ahmed
El Shaaraway
Elsayed
Elshayeb
Hala S
El-Rebey
Mohamed
El Hoseeny
Mary
Naguib
Ali
Nada
Background: In Egypt, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is approximately 4.7% of chronic liver disease patients due to (HCV) infection. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in hepatocyte regeneration. A functional polymorphism in EGF 61A>G was identified; itwas associated with higher risk of HCC. Objectives: to investigate the correlation between the epidermal growth factor (EGF) polymorphism and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis C viral (HCV) cirrhotic patients as well as its relation to EGF protein expression in HCC tissue. Patients and methods: this casecontrol study was conducted on 75 HCV cirrhotic patients including 50 HCC patients (25 withresectable HCC and 25 with advanced unresectable HCC) and 25 healthy persons were included. EGF genotype was detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism. EGF expression in HCC tissue biopsiesfrom patientswhounderwent surgical resection was done by immunohistochemical examination. Results: The GG genotype was associated with significant increased risk of HCC compared to AA genotypes (P=0.031) in cirrhotic group. The G allele had a highly significant risk of HCC compared to allele Ain recessive model GG vs. AG+AA (P=0.036) rather than in the dominant model GG +AG vs. AA (P=0.66). There was significant increased expression of EGF in tumour tissues in patients with GG genotype compared to AG genotype and AA genotype p= 0.019. Conclusion: EGF gene polymorphism (GG genotype) had a significant risk of HCC development in cirrhotic patients. This is confirmed by increased EGF expression in liver tumor tissue from HCC patients.
Epidermal growth factor gene polymorphism
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatitis C Virus
restriction fragment length polymorphism
immunohistochemical examination
2020
07
01
2047
2053
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89174_ba3d725d9b776ba3d5976ae85b437ed5.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Serum Immunoglobulins as Diagnostic Markers in Smokeless Tobacco Users for Prevention of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
Anjani Kumar
Shukla
Tanya
Khaitan
Prashant
Gupta
Shantala
Naik
Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) remains a threat amongst a large population across the globe and particularly in India. Among the 28 known carcinogens in SLT, tobacco-specific nitrosamines are considered to be the most potent and it has been shown to cause immunomodulatory effects making the individual susceptible to various diseases. Immunoglobulins (Ig) form the defense against pathogens at the mucosal surfaces and SLT might interfere with its production and function. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to estimate the level of IgG and IgA in SLT patients and establish a correlation between them. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 subjects (34 khaini users and 26 gutkha users) were selected for the study. Complete demographic data and history was taken and clinical examination done to evaluate any oral mucosal changes. Venous blood samples were taken to analyze the serum immunoglobulin parameters. Results: Significant changes were observed in the serum IgA and IgG level in SLT users. Serum IgG level had a positive correlation whereas serum IgA had a negative correlation with the form of SLT and were statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The present study might serve as an early diagnostic tool and helpful in creating awareness on the hazards of using SLT among the Indian population as a despicable substitute to smoking tobacco. It also confers an imperative role into SLT mediated effects on immunoglobulins levels.
carcinogens
Immunoglobulins
Imperative
smokeless tobacco
2020
07
01
2055
2059
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89175_af600816b7254f7215bc445fa868e321.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Association of DNA Repair Genes XRCC1 and APE-1 with the Risk of Cervical Cancer in North Indian population
Mark Rector
Charles
Syed Tasleem
Raza
Rolee
Sharma
Pushpendra
Pratap
Ale
Eba
Manvendra
Singh
Backgrounds: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the leading cause of death in women worldwide, HPV infection is the major risk factor in the disease development, 0and however other risk factor such as chemical carcinogens, genetic susceptibility and altered immune system are also a cause of the disease progression. In the light of the above statement we studied the base excision repair pathway (BER). Methods: We identified and studied the association of Single Nucleotide polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes of XRCC1 (Arg194Trp, Arg399G,) and APE-1Asp/148Glu to the susceptibility of cervical cancer (CC) in North Indian population. In our study of cases (n=102). Controls (n=109) were recruited from among women without cervical abnormalities. Genotypes were determined by PCR-CTPP method, Taking DNA from peripheral blood in a case control study. Results: A positive association was observed between the polymorphisms of XRCC1 genes, that is, in codons 194 (P=0.03, odds ratio (OR) =2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI)=5.2–1.1), 280 (P=0.01, OR=4.1, 95% CI=11.5–1.3) and 399 (P=0.01, OR=3.4, 95% CI=8.6–1.3) while APE-1 genotype GG (p=0.03,odds ratio(OR)=0.2,95% confidence interval (CI)=0.97-0.004) we observed a statistically significant protective role in developing cervical cancer. Conclusion: Our results suggested that, XRCC1 gene is an important candidate gene for susceptibility to cervical cancer. Although the sample size was small, the present study indicate a statistical association between cervical cancer and XRCC1 SNPs. Future studies are needed that may provide a better understanding of the association between gene polymorphism and cervical carcinoma risk.
XRCC1
APE-1
Base excision repair
gene polymorphism
Cervical cancer
2020
07
01
2061
2065
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89176_146a30d3d309ec2a83772457c5102a04.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA Expression Supports Biological Distinctness of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in the Background of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Amol Ramchandra
Gadbail
Sheetal
Korde
Minal S
Chaudhary
Sachin C
Sarode
Shailesh M
Gondivkar
Ravi
Dande
Satyajit Ashok
Tekade
Monal
Yuwanati
Alka
Hande
Shankargouda
Patil
Background: The clinicopathological distinctness of oral squamous cell carcinoma arising in the background of oral submucous fibrosis (OSCC-OSF) is well known; however, the molecular distinctness of this unique OSCC-OSF has not been investigated to date. With this in mind, we compared the expression of Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA between OSCC-OSF and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 105 OSCC-OSF and 112 OSCC cases were subjected to immunohistochemistry for evaluation of Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA expression. Results: Ki67 (labeling index) LI, MVD and α-SMA expression were significantly higher in OSCC compared to OSCC-OSF. Ki67 LI and MVD was significantly higher in OSCC compared to OSCC-OSF in parameters such as well-differentiated, early TNM stage, non-metastatic, and more than 3-year survival. α-SMA expression was significantly higher in OSCC compared to OSCC-OSF in parameters such as moderate differentiation, metastatic lesions, and survival less than 3 years. Ki67 LI, MVD and α-SMA showed significant positive correlation with each other in OSCC and OSCC-OSF. Conclusion: Proliferation, neoangiogenesis and myofibroblast differentiation were significantly higher in the OSCC group compared to the OSCC-OSF group. This suggests the biological distinctness of OSCC-OSF, which could help the future development of targeted therapies.
Oral submucous fibrosis
oral squamous cell carcinoma
Ki67
CD105
α-SMA
2020
07
01
2067
2074
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89177_123be34be249ccaca33b37d049abd465.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
The Outcome of a Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program for Cervical Cancer Screening among Women in Phrasaeng District, Suratthani Province, Thailand
Ornuma
Bunkarn
Kiatkamjorn
Kusol
Thidarat
Eksirinimit
Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of a self-efficacy enhancement program on perceived self-efficacy and cervical cancer screening among women. Methods: This research was quasi-experimental research, using the subjects consisted of 130 samples; each of the experimental and control group consisted of 65 samples. The experimental group received a self-efficacy enhancement program. The control group received knowledge and usual care by health personnel in the health promoting hospital. The duration of the research was 8 weeks. The self-efficacy was testing the reliability equal to 0.90. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and t-test. Results: The mean scores of perceived self-efficacy between the experimental and control group before using the program (M=2.18, S.D.=0.40; M=2.22, S.D.=0.39), there was no significantly different (p> 0.05). The mean scores of perceived self-efficacy between the experimental and control group after using the program (M=4.11, S.D.=0.44; M=2.28, S.D.=0.42), there was a significantly different (p< 0.001). The mean scores of perceived self-efficacy of the experimental group before and after using the program were higher, (M=2.18, S.D.=0.40; M=4.11, S.D.=0.44), there was a significantly different (p< 0.001). The experimental group came to screening 64 people (98.5 %), and the control group came to screening eight people (12.3 %), calculated ratio as 8:1 and compared the cervical cancer screening in the experimental and control group had differences significantly (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The self-efficacy enhancement program, resulting in increased screening rates and screened after the first week by having most screening tests in the community. Therefore, the program should be applied, and proactive services should be provided for women to have access in community and a health service place.
Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program
cervical cancer screening
Women
2020
07
01
2075
2081
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89178_9888575d0c4d19b50544e790eb362483.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
The Role of Vitamin D, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in the Progression of Thyroid Diseases
Mona S
Abdellateif
Sabry
Shaarawy
Yasmine F
Elesawy
Mona
Mansour
Effat
Tharwat
Noha H
Ibrahim
Marwa S
Eissa
Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is a common malignant tumor, however the role of total vitamin D: 25(OH)D, Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) and Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) in the development of TC is still unclear. Aim: To assess the roles of 25(OH)D, PDGF and IGF-1 in the progression of thyroid diseases. METHODS: The serum levels of 25(OH)D, PDGF and IGF-1 were assessed in 70 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 60 patients with benign thyroid nodules (BN) compared to 60 normal controls (NC) using ELISA technique. Results: There was a significant decrease in the serum level of 25(OH)D in TC patients compared to NC (P<0.001) and BN patients (P=0.006). There was a significant increase in the serum levels of PDGF and IGF-1 in TC patients (P<0.001), and BN patients (P<0.001) compared to NC, while there were no significant differences between TC and BN (P=0.087, and 0.258; respectively). PDGF correlated significantly with IGF-1 (r=0.412, P<0.001), TSH (r=0.146, P=0.045), and inversely correlated with 25(OH)D (r= -0.156, P=0.013) and FT4 (r=-0.178, P=0.014). There was a significant inverse correlation between the serum levels of IGF-1 and FT4 (r=-0.172, P=0.017). Sensitivity and specificity for assessment of TC patients were (65.7% and 58.3%, P= 0.001) for 25(OH)D, (65.7% and 58.3%, P=0.021) for IGF-1, and (68.6% and 61.7%, P=0.006) for PDGF. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that serum 25(OH)D (OR=0.578, 95%CI= 0.426-0.783), IGF-1 (OR=1.019, 95%CI= 1.010-1.029) and PDGF (OR=1.007, 95%CI= 1.004-1.009) were considered independent risk factors for thyroid cancer (P<0.001, for all). Conclusion: 25(OH) D, IGF-1 and PDGF are significantly different in TC and BN cases compared to control. They have an important role in the progression of TC. However, these data should be validated on a larger sample size.
Thyroid cancer
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Vit D
PDGF
IGF-1
2020
07
01
2083
2089
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89179_7863bd4aeed9ae6e016191c0ea79f7de.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
TP53 Arg72Pro and XPD Lys751Gln Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Lung Cancer in Bangladeshi Patients
Tahsin
Nairuz
Mostafijur
Rahman
Most Umme
Bushra
Yearul
Kabir
Background: Tumor suppressor gene (TP53) is considered as the most frequently mutated gene in almost all forms of human cancer. Moreover, genetic variations in the XPD gene affect the DNA repair capacity increasing cancer susceptibility. Polymorphisms within these genes can play a major role in determining individual lung cancer susceptibility. However, several studies have investigated this possibility; but reported conflicting results. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the role of TP53 Arg72Pro and XPD Lys751Gln gene polymorphisms on lung cancer susceptibility in the Bangladeshi population. Materials and Methods: Study subjects comprised of 180 lung cancer patients and 200 healthy volunteers. Genetic polymorphism of TP53 was determined by multiplex PCR-based method, while XPD genotypes were analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Lung cancer risk was estimated as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: From the results, no significant association between TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and lung cancer risk was observed. Whereas, patients with homozygous mutant variants (Gln/Gln) of XPD at codon 751 were found significantly associated with lung cancer risk when compared to the control (OR=3.58; 95% CI=1.58-8.09; p=0.002). Lung cancer risk was found significantly higher with Gln/Gln variants of XPD among smokers (OR=4.03; 95% CI=1.11-14.63; p=0.026). Significant increased risk of lung cancer was found with Arg/Pro genotypes of TP53, Lys/Gln and Gln/Gln variants of XPD in individuals with family history of cancer (OR=3.44; 95% CI=1.36-8.72; p=0.011; OR=3.17; 95% CI=1.20-8.39; p=0.024; OR=16.35; 95% CI=0.92-289.5; p=0.007, respectively). Conclusion: The findings indicated that homozygous mutant variants (Gln/Gln) of XPD were associated with increased lung cancer risk, whereas TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism was not associated with risk of lung cancer among Bangladeshi patients.
Lung cancer
XPD
Tp53
PCR-RFLP
Genetic polymorphism
2020
07
01
2091
2098
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89180_d814036d39b05ff3d82f4ca21de0b55f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Engagement of General Practice in an Australian Organised Bowel Cancer Screening Program: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge and Practice
Carol A
Holden
Oliver
Frank
Ming
Li
Ramesh
Manocha
Joanna
Caruso
Deborah
Turnbull
Richard L
Reed
Caroline L
Miller
David
Roder
Ian
Olver
Background: Understanding factors causing variation in family physicians/general practitioners (GPs) screening knowledge, understanding and support of organised population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) programs can direct interventions that maximise the influence of a CRC screening recommendation from a GP. This study aims to assess contextual factors that influence knowledge and quality improvement (QI) practice directed to CRC screening in Australian general practice. Methods: A convenience sample of anonymous general practice staff from all Australian states and territories completed a web-based survey. Multivariate analyses assessed the association between CRC screening knowledge and QI-CRC practice scores and patient, organisational and environmental-level contextual factors. Results: Of 1,013 survey starts, 918 respondents (90.6%) completed the survey. Respondents less likely to recommend FOBT screening had lower knowledge and QI practice scores directed to CRC screening. Controlling for individual and practice characteristics, respondents’ rating of the Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) support for preventive care, attending external education, and sufficient practice resources to implement QI practice (generally) were the strongest factors associated with QI practice directed towards CRC screening. Knowledge scores were less amenable to the influence of contextual factors explored. Conclusion: More active engagement of family medicine/general practice to improve screening promotion could be achieved through better QI resourcing without changing the fundamental design of population-based CRC screening programs.
colorectal cancer
mass screening
Primary Health Care
quality improvement
quantitative
2020
07
01
2099
2107
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89181_a674df2c95cdf06d2f0a01a12c22c0cb.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Stomach Cancer among Male Adults: A Case-Control Study in Northern Viet Nam
Le Hong
Phuoc
Khanpaseuth
Sengngam
Toshio
Ogawa
Nlandu Roger
Ngatu
Shunya
Ikeda
Tran Hieu
Hoc
Pham Van
Phu
Dinh Thi
Minh
Le Tran
Ngoan
Objective: This study investigated the association between fruit and vegetable intake and stomach cancer, with considering the impacts of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and tobacco smoking. Methods: A case-control study featuring 80 male incident stomach-cancer cases and 126 male controls was conducted in a general hospital in Viet Nam. A semi-quantitative food frequency and demographic lifestyle questionnaire were used; and venous blood samples were collected to determine H. pylori status by IgG ELISA. The respective associations between fruit and vegetable intake and stomach cancer were examined using unconditional logistic regression analysis with adjustments for possible cofactors. Results: Fruit intake and stomach cancer showed a weak inverse association when this became non-significant after adjusting for H. pylori infection (OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.22–1.12, p trend = 0.094). Stratifying by H. pylori status returned a negative trend for fruit intake and stomach cancer among H. pylori-negative participants (OR = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.06–0.69, p trend = 0.010), but no significant interaction for H. pylori-positive participants (OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.21–2.68, p trend = 0.670). Vegetable intake and stomach cancer showed no association, regardless of H. pylori status. Compared to ever-smokers with low intake, never-smokers with high vegetable (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06–0.95) and fruit intake (OR = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.06–0.65) showed the lowest odds of stomach cancer. Conclusions: Fruit, but not vegetable, intake showed a weak inverse association with stomach cancer. H. pylori infection and tobacco-smoking status may influence the protective effects of fruit and vegetable intake on stomach cancer.
stomach cancer
Vegetable
Fruit
Helicobacter pylori
tobacco smoking
2020
07
01
2109
2115
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89182_41fa8b8b9e90b9c26e28ec670582609c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Efficacy Oral Glutamine to Prevent Oral Mucositis and Reduce Hospital Costs During Chemotherapy in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Nur Aisiyah
Widjaja
Ardha
Pratama
Rendi
Prihaningtyas
Roedi
Irawan
IDG
Ugrasena
Objective: To investigate the use of glutamine administered orally during Methotrexate chemotherapy to prevent oral mucositis and reduce hospital costs in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods: Twenty-four children received oral glutamine (400 mg/kg body weight per day) and twenty four received placebo on days of chemotherapy administration and for at least 14 additional days. Oral mucositis was graded daily at each day of treatment till completion of therapy. The study groups were compared for the oral mucositis development using the WHO scale. Results: Oral mucositis occurred in 4.2 % of the glutamine group and 62.5% in the placebo group. The use of glutamine was directly associated with prevention of oral mucositis than placebo (OR 0,026; 95% CI: 0,003-0,228). The duration of length hospital stay was lower in the glutamine group than in the placebo group ((8 vs 12 days); p = 0,005). Hospital cost per day for glutamine group was 40 USD per day while placebo group was 48 USD per day. Conclusions: There was significant difference in the prevention of oral mucositis by oral glutamine vs placebo. The hospital cost for glutamine supplementation was lower than control group.
methotrexate
Glutamine
Mucositis
Chemotherapy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
2020
07
01
2117
2121
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89183_2da50aa94c4ea17627249dc282db86ba.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Comparative Analysis of Breast Cancer Incidence Rates between Australia and Japan: Screening Target Implications
Miwa Mia
Mizukoshi
Syeda Zakia
Hossian
Ann
Poulos
Background: The purpose of this analysis was to compare the age-specific incidence rates (ASIRs) of breast cancer in Australia and Japan to determine the appropriateness of national screening target age groups. Methods: The paper is based on secondary sources of data. The ASIRs in 2006-2015 were collected from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) and the National Cancer Center Japan. Descriptive analysis was performed for a comparison of ASIRs between Australia and Japan by age and over time. Percentage change, rolling average and risk ratio were calculated for further analysis. Results: In Australia, ASIRs rose sharply from age 40 years and peaked at 65-69 years. Japanese data demonstrated a considerable increase each year and two peaks were recorded, at ages 45-49 and 60-64. The ASIRs after age 65 decreased with age in Japan but increased with age in Australia. The ASIRs of women aged 40-49 was lowest among Australian women and the highest among Japanese women, while they had similar ASIRs in the direct comparative analysis. Conclusions: The screening age range of Australian and Japanese national breast cancer screening guidelines covers incidence peak ages in each country and therefore provides benefit for cancer screening. Our findings also indicated that further evidence is required to investigate the inclusion of Japanese migrant women in Australia aged 40-49 years into the screening target and the BCI rates of post-migrant women in Australia as different migrant groups have different ASIRs. This is to ensure that the groups of women with the highest cancer incidence are appropriately covered in screening programs.
breast cancer
Incidence
Screening
Japan
Australia
2020
07
01
2123
2129
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89184_18a1b4c720d98ef4509ce3095258ba6e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Effect of Zebularine in Comparison to and in Combination with Trichostatin A on CIP/KIP Family (p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2), DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b), Class I HDACs (HDACs 1, 2, 3) and Class II HDACs (HDACs 4, 5, 6) Gene Expression, Cell Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction in Colon Cancer LS 174T Cell Line
Masumeh
Sanaei
Fraidoon
Kavoosi
Background: A pattern of epigenetic modifications and changes, DNA methylation and histone modification, is central to many human cancers. A variety of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) have been demonstrated to be silenced because of histone deacetylation and DNA hypermethylation in several cancers. Recent in vitro studies have shown that two known mechanisms of epigenetic alteration consisting of methylation and histone deacetylation seem to be the best candidate mechanisms for inactivation of CIP/KIP family (p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, and p27Kip1) in numerous cancers. Numerous investigations have indicated that DNA demethylating and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) can restore the CIP/KIP family gene expression. Previously, we evaluated the effect of trichostatin A (TSA) and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study was designed to investigate the effect of zebularine in comparison to and in combination with trichostatin A on p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, p57Kip2, DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b, Class I HDACs (HDACs 1, 2, 3) and Class II HDACs (HDACs 4, 5, 6) gene expression, cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in colon cancer LS 174T cell line. Materials and Methods: The colon cancer LS 174T cell line was cultured and treated with zebularine and TSA. To determine cell viability, apoptosis, and the relative expression level of the genes, MTT assay, cell apoptosis assay, and qRT-PCR were done respectively. Results: Both compounds significantly inhibited cell growth, and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, both compounds increased p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2 significantly. Additionally, zebularine and TSA decreased DNMTs and HDACs gene expression respectively. Conclusion: The zebularine and trichostatin A can reactivate the CIP/KIP family through inhibition of DNMTs and HDACs genes activity.
Zebularine
trichostatin
CIP/KIP family
Colon cancer
2020
07
01
2131
2139
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89185_0d88fb9b5e4d065fbbd33433691fa8d6.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Evaluation of Antineoplasic Activity of Zingiber Officinale Essential Oil in the Colorectal Region of Wistar Rats
Daniel Augusto Nunes de
Lima
Brenda Barroso
Pelegrini
Felipe Alexandre Alves
Uechi
Raíssa Coracini
Varago
Bruno Bueno
Pimenta
Alice Maria de Souza
Kaneshima
Edilson Nobuyoshi
Kaneshima
Paola da Costa
Souza
Raíssa Bocchi
Pedroso
Thaís Gomes Verzignassi
Silveira
Tânia Cristina Alexandrino
Becker
Introduction: Aberrant Crypt (AC) and Aberrant Crypt Focus (ACF) are considered pre-neoplasic lesions, ranging from hyperplasia to different degrees of dysplasia in the colon. This work aimed to evaluate and quantify the chemopreventive activity of Zingiber officinale essential oil in the colorectal region of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: We extracted the essential oil from ginger rhizomes and carried out ACF induction, in rats, with 1.2 Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at a 20 mg/kg dose. The experimental groups were GI (negative control); GII (positive induction control); GIII (DMH + essential oil); GIV (DMH +5-Florouracil) and GV (essential oil). The histological techniques used were methylene blue, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) dyeing, and immunohistochemistry (IHQ). Results: The major essential oil compounds were citral (17.25%), δ-citral (10.25%), camphene (9.55%), α-zingiberene (7.57%), nerol (6.37%) and plelandrene (6.83%). For the presence of AC or ACF, we did not observe them in GI and GV, while in GII and GIII, they were observed, in high values, in both regions, but only in the distal region, there was a significant difference between them. For GIV, for both regions, there were significant lower numbers of AC when compared to GIII. As observed, with HE, there were hyperplastic and dysplastic ACF in the proximal and distal portions of the colon. For IHQ analyses, there were positively PCNA antibody marked cells in all experimental groups. Yet, there was no significant correlation of mitotic index among them. Moreover, the results of GIII compared to GIV were very similar. Conclusion: In this sense, the Zingiber officinale essential oil has good antioxidant potential because it presents a mixture of monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds. Thus, it is able to develop a chemoprotective effect, as it presented similar results to the standard drug, showing cell proliferation control.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Aberrant crypt focus
Ginger - Zingiber officinale
Essential oil, Chemopreventive effect
2020
07
01
2141
2147
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89186_36b425e6cc4d2dfc37da81f982c4472d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Comparison of Serum Trefoil Factor-3 to Endoscopy in Diagnosing Helicobacter Pylori Associated Gastric Ulcer
Ragaa A
Ramadan
Moyassar A
Zaki
Said A
Ooda
Hosam M
Abo Khalifa
Wafaa S
Ragab
Background and aim of the work: Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric ulcer (H.pylori-GU) is a serious condition, not only because H.pylori is identified as a grade 1 carcinogen but also because GU is a precancerous condition. Identification and treatment of H.pylori-GU may prevent the sequential progression of dysplasia to carcinoma. Trefoil factor 3 (Tf3) has been implicated in gastric mucosal repair. We compared serum Tf3 to gastric endoscopy in diagnosing H.pylori-GU. Subjects and methods: The study included eighty patients suffering from H.pylori induced gastritis, forty of which presented with GU. Gastric endoscopy with slide urease test was used to diagnose H.pylori-GU. Serum Tf3 level was determined using an enzyme immunoassay in all patients as well as thirty healthy volunteers. Results: Serum Tf3 showed a significant stepwise decrease among the studied groups. It was significantly lower in patients compared to the control group (p<0.001). Furthermore, it was lower in those with GU compared to those without GU (p=0.023). Based on a receiver operating characteristic curve generated cut off value of 2.4 ng/mL, the diagnostic performance of serum Tf3 as a biomarker of H.pylori-GU revealed a diagnostic specificity of 42.5%, sensitivity of 67.5%, positive and negative predictive values of 54% and 56.67% respectively. Conclusion: Although serum Tf3 showed significant variation in H.pylori-GU, further studies are warranted to confirm its role in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcers.
Helicobacter pylori infection
Gastric ulcers
Trefoil factor3
2020
07
01
2149
2153
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89187_80431e5fb4a7159989b75e33479a43b9.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Amelioration of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in Rats by L-arginine: The Role of Nitric Oxide, Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway
Remon S
Estfanous
Walaa S
Elseady
Ahmed M
Kabel
Rasha A
Abd Ellatif
Background: Cisplatin is an alkylating agent that inhibits DNA replication and interferes with proliferation of cancer cells. However, the major limiting factor for its use is the possible development of adverse effects, including ototoxicity. Up till now, the mechanisms of this ototoxicity remain poorly understood. However, induction of oxidative stress and activation of the inflammatory cascade were suggested as contributing factors. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of L-arginine on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult Wistar rats were divided into three equal groups as follows: control group; cisplatin group and cisplatin + L-arginine group. Auditory brainstem response (ABR), tissue oxidative stress parameters, total nitrate/nitrite, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) content, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 15 (IL-15) were assessed. Also, the cochlear tissues were subjected to histopathological and electron microscopic examination. Results: Administration of L-arginine to cisplatin-treated rats induced significant decrease in the average ABR threshold shifts at all frequencies, tissue TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-15 associated with significant increase in tissue antioxidant enzymes, total nitrate/nitrite and Nrf2/HO-1 content compared to cisplatin group. Also, pretreatment of cisplatin-injected rats with L-arginine induced significant improvement of the histopathological and electron microscopic picture compared to cisplatin group. Conclusion: L-arginine may serve as a promising therapeutic modality for amelioration of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
Cisplatin
ototoxicity
L-arginine
Inflammation
cancer
2020
07
01
2155
2162
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89188_798c3ebcd453ad673bf63147d004afae.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
Pathway-Affecting Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in RPS6KA1 and MBIP Genes are Associated with Breast Cancer Risk
Ghadah
Shareefi
Alaa Nabil
Turkistani
Ahmed
Alsayyah
Haitham
Kussaibi
Maha
Abdel Hadi
Khaled R
Alkharsah
Background: Genetic mutations and polymorphisms play an important role in the transformation of primary cells to malignant cells as it may lead to disturbance of vital pathways regulating cell cycle, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis. In this study, we genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which were predicted to affect certain pathways and to increase the risk of breast cancer. Methods: The study included 81 Saudi breast cancer patients and 100 matching healthy controls from the Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia. The following SNPs (rs3168891, rs2899849, rs2230394, rs2229714) were then genotyped by TaqMan genotyping assay and the allele and genotype distribution was compared. Results: The minor allele frequency of the following SNPs (rs3168891, rs2899849, rs2230394, rs2229714) was T=0.17, A=0.28, A=0.22, and G=0.16 respectively. The G allele of the SNP rs3168891 was significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk (P = 0.00001) while the T allele of the same locus was associated with reduced risk of breast cancer in both heterozygous and homozygous states. The T allele of SNP rs2229714 which is located in the RPS6KA1 gene was also significantly associated with the increased risk of breast cancer. However, the rs2899849 SNP located in the Integrin beta-1 (ITGB1) gene was not associated with the increased risk of breast cancer in our study population. Haplotype analysis revealed the presence of three risk haplotypes that increases the risk of breast cancer (TGGT, TGTA, GATA). Conclusion: We showed that three, previously untested, SNPs are associated with increased risk of breast cancer in our population. This may be added to the list of factors involved in breast cancer risk assessment studies. The benefit and the utility of the in-silico prediction of disease risk factors and their genetic association had been demonstrated in this study, yet the predicted risk alleles have to be tested in clinical studies.
breast cancer
SNP
Saudi Arabia
pathway
MAPK
2020
07
01
2163
2168
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89189_0f1c7c7cd9d21decf7e5cc2d3618d42d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2020
21
7
A Digital Cephalometric Study on The Morphometric Evaluation of Soft Palate in Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Manaswita
Tripathy
Jayaprasad
Anekar
Raj
AC
Sandeepa
N C
Deepika
Napplli
Priya
Lokanath
Abdulrahman
Nahi Alharbi
Fahad Mohammed
A Alsobil
Darshan
Devang Divakar
Aftab
Ahmed Khan
Chitra
Jhugroo
Sanjeev
Balappa Khanagar
Sachin
Naik
Objective: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic precancerous condition affecting the oral cavity, which is progressive and characterised by burning sensation and fibrotic change leading to restriction of mouth opening. This study evaluated the morphology of soft palate in different stages of OSMF patients using digital lateral cephalogram and compare it with healthy individuals. Methods: The study included 60 subjects, who were grouped as 30 OSMF and 30 healthy subjects from the same geographic population. Digital lateral cephalograms were taken with Planmeca Proline XC (Oy, Helsinki, Finland). Soft palate morphology was evaluated using Lateral Cephalogram, and the results were analysed statistically. Results: Leaf-shaped (Type 1) soft palate was commonly seen in the control group and stage I and II OSMF. Stage III OSMF patients presented with a butt-shaped (Type 3) soft palate. As the disease progressed, there was a conversion of Type 1 variety of soft palate to Type 3 variety. There was a gradual reduction in the length of the soft palate in the anteroposterior direction in OSMF patients compared to the control group. Conclusion: Early cephalometric diagnosis of soft palate changes may play a pivotal role in the overall management of OSMF.
precancerous lesion
Prevention
Diagnosis
2020
07
01
2169
2176
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89190_cb3dcefd290f8ddefd1e372267e53133.pdf