2024-03-29T15:00:22Z
https://journal.waocp.org/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=11862
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Correspondence on Leptin Receptor Q223R Gene Polymorphism and Breast Cancer
Amnuay
Kebayoon
Viroj
Wiwanitkit
leptin
Receptor
Polymorphism
Breast
cancer
2022
02
01
377
377
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90000_93da0f45664630b86ff1a85eaf55858c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Perceived Importance of Breast Cancer Risk Factors: A Survey on 386 Physicians in China
Louis
Chow
Pei-fen
Fu
Lei
Guo
Xi-Chun
Hu
Jun
Jiang
Erich Ferdiansyah
Lie
Jian
Liu
Xiao-Hong
Lu
Yong-Kui
Lu
Hong-Min
Ma
Qin-Guo
Mo
Yan-Xia
Shi
Kun
Wang
Ming-Hao
Wang
Shu
Wang
Shu-Sen
Wang
Xian-Ming
Wang
Xiao-Jia
Wang
Hui-Jing
Wu
Hong-Jian
Yang
He-Rui
Yao
Yi
Zhang
Li
Zhu
-
on behalf of the Asian Institute of Clinical Oncology (AICO) Expert Panel
There are varying definitions of women at high risk of breast cancer across different institutions, and there are reports suggesting that the breast cancer risk assessment tools have not been well integrated into clinical practice. In this study, we tried to investigate the perceived importance of different breast cancer risk factors by physicians in China. A cross-sectional survey involving 386 anonymous physicians was conducted using a 20-item, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc pairwise comparisons were used to compare the differences in response. Most of the respondents were either breast surgeons/specialists (n=161; 41.7%) or medical oncologists (n=151; 39.1%), and the results showed that the breast cancer risk factors were not perceived as equally important. The weighting of each risk factor also varied depending on the physician’s medical specialty, location of practice, and the number of years of clinical experience. This study provides a more updated insight into the perceptions of physicians in China toward the breast cancer risk factors, as well as underlines the potential improvements in breast cancer risk assessment strategies that can be done.
breast cancer
risk factor
perceived importance
Questionnaire
China
2022
02
01
379
382
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89999_ce93b853633ae0e7d8338e26437e76f7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Flow Cytometric Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species to Assess the Effects of Preconditioning Total Body Irradiation on NOG Mice
Maria
Kavianpour
Kobra
Moradzadeh
Samad
Muhammadnejad
Zahra
Jabbarpour
Amir Arsalan
Khorsand
Sajjad
Aghayan
Mohammad
Vasei
Javad
Verdi
Background: Preclinical development of new drugs for cancer immunotherapy requires preconditioning total body irradiation (TBI) of mice to be humanized via hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To assess the effect of preconditioning TBI, we detected the reactive oxygen species (ROS), Annexin V, propidium iodide (PI) level in bone marrow samples by flow cytometer. Methods: We divided all NOG mice between irradiated (n = 20) and control groups (n = 10) for two time points. Irradiated mice were exposed to 3.5 Gy of radiation. After sacrificing BM samples were collected, the flow cytometric percentage of ROS, Annexin V, and PI markers were investigated on days 2 and 14 after exposure. Results: At the first time point, the level of ROS was higher in the irradiated group than in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Also, at the second time point, the mean differences of all markers in the irradiated group were significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Thus, in NOG mice, the measurement of ROS level is helpful to the assessment of preconditioning TBI.
Irradiation
NOG Mice
Bone Marrow
Apoptosis
reactive oxygen species
2022
02
01
383
388
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89998_76072eb5cfeeb276819ca1094b78e4a4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Smokeless Tobacco Use among Pregnant Women in India: The Tale of Two Nationally Representative Surveys
Prashant
Singh
Pankhuri
Jain
Nishikant
Singh
Lucky
Singh
Shalini
Singh
The prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) is pervasive in many Asian countries, including India. SLT use among pregnant women is markedly high, and is considered to be a global concern. Consequently, the associated health effects of SLT consumption on pregnant women and the foetus cause long-term adverse effects. Therefore, this article aims to understand the extent of deviation in SLT use estimates among Indian pregnant women based on two nationally representative surveys and its implications. Responses of 1,403 pregnant women were recorded in the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS 2016-17), whereas 184,641 pregnant women were interviewed in the fourth round of the Demographic and Health Survey or the National Family Health Survey (DHS NFHS 2015-16). Considerable differences in SLT use patterns among pregnant women between the GATS-2 and the NFHS-4 was evident. Overall, the prevalence of SLT use among pregnant women was reported to be higher in GATS than NFHS and this pattern remains similar between age groups of 15 to 34. In the absence of reliable estimates of SLT use among pregnant women, its adverse implications for both reproductive, maternal and child health policies, tobacco control efforts and data quality issues need to be acknowledged and addressed in a targeted manner.
India
Pregnant women
smokeless tobacco
maternal and child health
2022
02
01
389
392
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90002_f99c47a4991ff3af2e256d69b1ea410b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Preventive Cancer Screening in Asian Americans: Need for Community Outreach Programs
Gregory
Wu
Niki
Augustine
Steve Sung
Kwon
Background: Asian Americans (AA) are the only racial group in the United States to experience cancer as the number one cause of mortality. Yet, Asian Americans have one of the lowest rates of cancer screenings of all minority groups in the United States. Methods: A cross-sectional and population-based study design was used. Cross-sectional data was collected from 1,650 AA participants via a survey given during two annual community health festivals in 2017 and 2018. Survey variables included sociodemographic measures, self-reported English-language proficiency level, access to primary care, attitudes on preventative cancer screening, current screening status and barriers to undergoing cancer screening. Results: Nearly 66% (n=1,081) reported not having a primary care physician (PCP). While the majority of the participants (n=1,510, 92%) stated that preventative cancer screenings were important, only a small portion (n=1,091, 16%) were up-to-date on cancer screening procedures. The biggest barriers to preventative cancer screening were: 1) Lack of insurance (n=840, 40%); 2) Cost of seeing a physician (n=517, 24%); and 3) Do not feel the need (n=299, 14%). Conclusions: To overcome the barriers we identified and effectively increase cancer screenings in Asian Americans, community outreach should be considered to provide linkage to primary care physicians and navigation to low-cost screening programs.
healthcare disparities
cancer
Asian Americans
Screening
Community Outreach
2022
02
01
393
397
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89972_e75247fa179b37d87e336d3a09d1a2dd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Effectiveness of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) Screening on Cervical Cancer Mortality and Incidence - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ayush
Lohiya
Roy
Daniel
Durgesh
Kumar
Cherian
Varghese
Rama
Rath
Rizwan
S.A
Baridalyne
Nongkynrih
Objectives: Despite being a cheap, easy, and commonly used technique for screening early development of cervical cancer, collective evidence on the effect of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for reducing cervical cancer mortality and incidence are conflicting. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of VIA screening on cervical cancer mortality and incidence. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews & Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Google Scholar to identify studies conducted among women with no history of cervical cancer that assessed effectiveness of VIA on the cervical cancer mortality and incidence. Random effects model was used to estimate incident rate ratio and sensitivity analysis was conducted using Bayesian methods. Results: Of the included 4 studies, three were cluster randomized trials from India and one was quasi-experimental study done in Thailand. Duration of follow-up ranged from 7 to 12 years. Based on 3 trials, pooled rate-ratio for cervical cancer mortality and all-cause mortality was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56–0.81, I2=0%) and 0.91 (0.85–0.97, I2=57%), respectively. Pooled rate-ratio of invasive cervical cancer was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.67 – 1.30, I2=84%). Likewise, there was non-significant reduction in incidence of stage IB, >=stage II, and unknown stage cervical cancer. Conclusions: VIA screening may lead to reduction in cervical cancer and all-cause mortality in long run. However, the effectiveness of VIA in preventing invasive cervical cancer is inconclusive.
cervical neoplasia
Screening
early cancer diagnosis
2022
02
01
399
407
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89962_5fa66d6b8fecf591b5f4f01c7844d46f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Descriptive Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Results from National Cancer Registry Programme, India
Shakuntala
S
Sathish
Krishnan
Priyanka
Das
Kondalli
Sudarshan
Chitra
Kotian
Stephen
Santhappan
Monesh
Vishwakarma
Sureshkumar
N
Prashant
Mathur
Purpose: This study aims to determine the incidence, histology, clinical extent of disease, and trends of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in India. Methods: GI cancer cases diagnosed between 2012-2016 from 28 Population-Based Cancer Registries and 58 Hospital Based Cancer Registries under the National Cancer Registry Programme were included. Crude incidence rate and age-standardized incidence rates (AARs) were calculated. Joinpoint regression program, 4.0.1 was used for trend analysis for data from 1982 to 2016, and a P-value of <<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: GI cancers’ occurrence was more common among men (60.5%) than in women (39.5%). The incidence of GI cancer was highest in India’s northeast region, Aizawl district (AAR 126.9) among males, and in Papumpare district (AAR 75.9) among females. The commonest cancer among men was cancer of the esophagus (28.2%), followed by stomach cancer (21%) and rectum cancer (14.3%). Among women, cancer of the esophagus (25.7%), gallbladder (23.8%), stomach (14.8%), and rectum (14.6%) were common. Adenocarcinoma (57.83%) was the commonest type of GI tumors, followed by Squamous Cell neoplasms (25.99%). Majority of the GI cancers presented at the locoregional stage, but cancer of the gall bladder and pancreas presented at advanced stages. A rising trend for cancers of the colon, rectum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas was seen, while a declining trend was observed for stomach and oesophageal cancer. Conclusion: Our study highlights an increasing magnitude of GI cancers across different regions of India. Cancer registries form an essential tool for surveillance of GI cancers thus guiding prevention, early detection, and control programs.
cancer registry
gastrointestinal cancers
Incidence
India
Trends
2022
02
01
409
418
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89960_9fbaaad19fb81728f49af2451e432501.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Association of ALDH1 with Response to Radiotherapy and Its Impact on Survival in Patients with Advanced Stage of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)
Parul
Dubey
Narayan
Kumar
Rajeev
Gupta
Anupam
Mishra
Smrati
Bhadauriya
Vijay
Kumar
Madanlal
Bhatt
Background: The presence of cancer stem-like cells within tumor microenvironment distinctly governs response to chemo-radiotherapy. The ALDH1 (Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1) has emerged as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in various tumors. The aim of the study was to examine the expression of ALDH1 in HNSCC patients undergoing radiotherapy to evaluate its correlation with clinicopathological parameter, treatment response and survival. Methods: Expression of ALDH1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 90 histopathologically confirmed HNSCC patients and 90 matched controls. The association between ALDH1 expression, clinicopathological parameters and treatment response was determined. Results: The immunohistochemistry results showed that ALDH1 was consistently expressed in all the HNSCC specimens although at different intensities. On the other hand, control specimens did not show similar expression of ALDH1. ALDH1 expression demonstrated statistically significant association with tumor size (p<0.001), lymph node status (p<0.001), stage (p<0.001), grade (p<0.001) and treatment response (p<0.001). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated alcohol and ALDH1 as an independent predictor of responsiveness to radiotherapy in HNSCC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that lymph node status (p=0.020), grade (p=0.006) and recurrence (p=0.002) were potential independent predictors of overall survival. Conclusion: From previous studies, ALDH1 has been contemplated not only as a promising prognostic and diagnostic marker but also as a likely drug target. Our study gives new understanding regarding the association between ALDH1, cancer prognosis and radioresistance. Our findings suggest that ALDH1, lymph node status, grade and alcohol could be the viable targets for HNSCC and it also provides new prospects for radiotherapy sensitivity in HNSCC.
Cancer stem cells
immunohistochemistry
Aldehyde dehyrogenase 1
radiotherapy
2022
02
01
419
427
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89961_c3b202344c44347ea8a59170205a8fd7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Comparison of Her2/Neu Oncoprotein in Serum and Tissue Samples in Women with Breast Cancer
Rakesh
Pokhrel
Binod
Yadav
Nisha
Sharma
Vijay
Sharma
Eans
Tuladhar
Mithileshwor
Raut
Aseem
Bhattarai
Raju
Dubey
Apeksha
Niraula
Akash
Mishra
Uttam
Budhathoki
Background and objectives: Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2/neu) is one of the most extensively studied proto-oncogens in breast cancer patients. Accurate and timely assessment of the HER2/neu over expression is pivotal for the identification of breast cancer patients that could benefit from HER2-targeted therapy. The present study was undertaken to investigate the diagnostic utility of serum HER2/neu testing by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) in breast cancer patients and compare it with the immunohistochemistry (IHC) method of HER2/neu expression. Methods: Serum sample and tissue/paraffin block was collected from 52 patients with breast cancer before start of any anticancer regimen or hormonal therapy. The tissue specimens were processed in Histopathology lab. Sections were immunostained with anti –estrogen receptor (ER) , anti –progesteron receptor (PR) and anti HER2/neu receptor mouse monoclonal antibodies.) Serum HER2/neu was estimated using the chemiluminiscent immunoassay using 15ng/ml as the cut off. Results: Out of 52 patients with breast cancer, serum HER2/neu was found elevated in 25(48.1%) patients and remaining 27(51.9%) showed normal serum HER2/neu concentrations. On IHC HER2/neu score was 3+ in 9(17.3%), 2+ in 10(19.2%), 1+ in 1(1.9%); while 32(61.5%) showed no HER2/neu expression. 31(59.6%) patients were ER positive and 28(53.8%) were PR positive. There was a significant correlation (P<0.001) of serum HER2 concentration with tissue expression of HER2/neu and Histological tumor grade. Serum HER2/neu levels showed a negative correlation with ER status (P=0.047) but no correlation with PR status. Conclusion: The result showed that the elevated serum HER2/neu was correlated with the IHC expression of HER2/neu in tissue and the histological grade of the tumor. Findings suggest that post initial tissue diagnosis (IHC HER2/neu), serum HER2 assay may supplement subsequent tissue tests to monitor disease status and response to therapy.
IHC
ER
PR
CLIA
2022
02
01
429
433
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Mortality Trends for Lung Cancer and Smoking Prevalence In Peru
J
Torres-Roman
Bryan
Valcarcel
Jose
Martinez-Herrera
Janina
Bazalar-Palacios
Carlo
La Vecchia
Luis
Raez
Objectives: Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related deathworldwide. Have been reported high mortality rates from lung cancer in Latin America, but the disparities within the regions of Peru and under-reporting death certification reported prevent the inclusion of Peru in analysis of the mortality trends for lung cancer. We evaluated lung cancer mortality trends and smoking prevalence in Peru and its geographical areas. Materials and Methods: We obtained the data from the registry of the Peruvian Ministry of Health between 2008 and 2017. Mortality rates per 100,000 person-years were computed using the world’s SEGI population and trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint regression Program Version 4.7.0. Smoking prevalence was estimated from the Demographic and Family Health Survey. Results: In Peru, mortality rates were roughly 1.3 times higher in males than in females. The coast region had significant downward trends among males, whereas the highlands region had significant upward trends among females. According to provinces, Apurimac showed an annually significant rise in both sexes (+10.6% in males, and +11.6% in females). In general, smoking prevalence was higher in males compared to females, principally among young adults. Conclusions: Peru showed downward mortality trends in the last decade with variability across regions. Males had a higher smoking prevalence, principally among young adults. Public health interventions for smoking reduction should be implemented to reduce lung cancer mortality.
Lung cancer
mortality
smoking
Peru
2022
02
01
435
443
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89964_19404ea32b94a47de5e73f08620a5ade.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Predictive Factors of Neutropenia in HIV-Infected Patients with Malignancy Receiving Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy
Apisada
Suthepwanon
Patcharin
Uttasri
Lakkana
Boonyagars
Objective: To determine the predictive factors of neutropenia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with malignancy receiving chemotherapy (CMT) or radiotherapy (RT). Materials and Methods: The author conducted a retrospective study on HIV-infected patients with malignancy receiving CMT or RT at Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Thailand, from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017. Baseline demographic characteristics, HIV disease data, and cancer data were collected. Results: A total of 210 courses of CMT, concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT), or RT treatments were administered to 39 HIV-infected patients with malignancy. Neutropenia occurred in 51 (24.3%) of the 210 treatment courses in 23 (60%) patients. Multivariable analysis revealed that HIV-infected patients with malignancy who received CMT or CCRT (hazard ratio [HR] 10.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–86.05, p = 0.024) and those who received over five cycles of CMT (HR 5.25, 95% CI 1.10–26.01, p = 0.037) were independently associated with neutropenia. Conclusion: Receiving CMT or CCRT and receiving more than five cycles of CMT are risk factors for neutropenia in HIV-infected patients with malignancy.
Malignancy
Chemotherapy
radiotherapy
HIV
neutropenia
2022
02
01
445
450
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89966_448c50d079a666c028d6567e6247186b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Perception of Pediatric Oncological Patients and Their Parents/Guardians about a Hospital Oral Health Program: A Qualitative Study
Maria Eduarda
Sampaio
Isabella
Ribeiro
Bianca
Santiago
Ana Maria
Valença
Background: The oral healthcare offered to pediatric cancer patients at the hospital level must include educational and preventive strategies based on dialogical and welcoming professional attitudes. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the perception of pediatric cancer patients and their parents/guardians about an educational and preventive oral healthcare program implemented in a reference hospital for cancer treatment. Methods: A qualitative follow-up investigation was conducted in which we evaluated the perception of pediatric cancer patients and their parents/guardians regarding an educational and preventive oral health program (OHEPP). The participants were 27 children and adolescents undergoing cancer treatment and their parents/guardians, and the assessment was carried out at 15 and 30 days after beginning the program through semi-structured interviews. The program used audiovisual resources, storytelling and playful instruments for the oral health education of patients and parents/guardians. The interviews were then transcribed and the Discourse of the Collective Speech (DCS) technique was performed for data analysis. Results: Patients and parents/guardians reported improvement in oral hygiene habits and conditions. Patients reported greater enthusiasm for oral care and highlighted the recreational aspect of the program. Parents/guardians reported being more clear about oral changes and paying attention to the appearance of comorbidities resulting from anticancer treatment. Conclusions: This study suggests that implementation of the oral health program favored communication between health professionals, patients and their parents/guardians, expanding knowledge and generating behavior change in oral healthcare.
Oral Health
Pediatric dentistry
Oncology Service, Hospital
Dental Health Education
2022
02
01
451
457
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89967_0521a826397bec74de9e13b3f58b6fee.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Oral Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Newly Graduated Dentists in Kuwait
Huda
Nazar
Jitendra
Ariga
Maddi
Shyama
Background: Oral cancer awareness among newly graduated dentists could have a substantial impact in the prevention and early detection of oral cancer. Objective: This survey was undertaken to assess the knowledge, opinion, attitudes, and practices on oral cancer among newly graduated dentists in Kuwait. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, self-reported questionnaire was distributed to the newly graduated dentists. Of the 310 dentists who participated, 171 (55.2%) were males and 139 (44.8%) were females. The questionnaire included 23- questions on oral cancer knowledge, opinion, attitudes, and practices. Results: The mean age of the dentists was 25.8 ± 2.4 years and their mean years of experience 1.5 ± 1.7 years. Overall, a great majority of dentists (95.8%) recognized tobacco use and alcohol consumption as very important risk factors for oral cancer occurrence. Almost all of participants were aware of the most common form of oral cancer (94.2%). Most of the dentists correctly identified the most common site of oral cancer (93.5%). Majority of the participants recognized the most commonly associated lesions with oral cancer (91.6%). While 37.4% of the dentists agreed that they were adequately trained in oral cancer screening, most (89.7%) believed that patients should have mandatory oral cancer screening at the clinics. Also, majority (95.8%) expressed their willingness to attend continuing education and training courses in cancer screening and prevention. Most of the dentists (81.9%) referred a patient with a suspicious lesion to a specialist. Conclusions: Majority of the dentists were aware and knowledgeable about various aspects of oral cancer. There is a need to emphasize and reinforce the training programs in oral cancer education mainly in prevention and early detection. Continuing education programs and workshops are highly recommended to raise awareness of the dentists on risk factors and diagnosis of oral cancer.
oral cancer
Knowledge
Attitude
practices
newly graduated dentists
2022
02
01
459
465
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89968_8027a1c0b4efa85fa2199ed23512cc44.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Frequency of Expression of PD-1 andPD-L1 In Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma And their Association With Nodal Metastasis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Iqraa
Malik
Muhammad
Asif
Namrah
Bashir
Nighat
Ara
Farhat
Rashid
Hafeez
Din
Numrah
Malik
Aimen
Bashir
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the Immunohistochemical expression of PD- 1, PD-L1 and its association with nodal metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A total of 66 cases were studied at Oral pathology/Histopathology, Armed forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi. The tissue sampling and processing yielded the formalin fixed, paraffin wax blocks. These blocks were cut into the thin sections (5 microns) by the microtome and then were mounted on the glass slides. This was followed by the routine H&E staining and then IHC staining (PD-1 and PD-L1) of these tissues mounted slides. For each case a definitive histological diagnosis was made. The two types of variables were analyzed. For qualitative variables frequencies and percentages were calculated whereas for quantitative variables means and standard deviations were analyzed. The Chi-square test then was applied to evaluate the significant difference and p-value of ≤0.05 was taken significant. Results: This study was conducted at Histology department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi over a period of one year from June 2019 to June 2020. It revealed male and female patients with 66.7% (44 Cases) and 33.3% (22cases) percentages respectively. The mean age was found to be 59.53 ± 13.637 (mean ± SD) and the mandible (37.9%) was the most commonly affected site. In total of 66 cases, 48 (72.7%) cases with metastasis of lymph nodes were presented. Out of 66 cases ,47 (71.2%) cases showed positive expression of PD-1 in the TILs seen among the primary tumor of the specimens, whereas, 40 (60.6%) cases showed positive PD-L1 expression in tumor cells of primary tumor.In comparison, as out of 66 cases ,48 (72.5%) cases showed lymph nodes metastasis, out of which 45 showed positive expression for PD-1 and 25 out of those 48 cases showed positive expression for PD-L1 in metastatic lymph nodes.The p-value turned to be significant for PD-1 IHC expression and PD-L1 IHC expression in the primary tumorand metastatic lymph nodes. Conclusion: A significant correlation was inferred among IHC expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 with lymph nodes metastasis. Accurate evaluation, analysis and precise management with aid of IHC markers results in initial and timely diagnosis and favorable treatment outcomes helping in the evaluation of disease course at preliminary diagnosis on incisional biopsies.
Biomarker
Cd274 protein
Programmed cell death 1 Receptor
tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
2022
02
01
467
473
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89965_d018006c9fa5c83c62359450c01a27e4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Differences in Cancer Mortality Rate Depending on Occupational Class among Japanese Women, 1995-2015
Tasuku
Okui
Background: Although it is known that cancer mortality rate varies depending on occupations in Japan, differences in female cancer mortality rate depending on occupational classes have not been analyzed using the Vital Statistics in Japan. In this study, we analyzed the Vital Statistics data in Japan from 1995 to 2015, and revealed differences in cancer mortality rate depending on occupational classes among Japanese women. Methods: The Vital Statistics data by occupations from 1995 to 2015 were obtained from the “Report of Vital Statistics : Occupational and Industrial Aspects” in Japan, and data on mortality for cancer in all sites, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and uterine cancer were used. We classified main occupation categories into non-manual workers and manual workers, and calculated age-standardized mortality rate for each of the occupational class, year, age group, and type of cancer and its annual percent change. Results: Age-standardized mortality rates for non-manual workers (222.0 per 100,000 persons in 1995 and 143.8 per 100,000 persons in 2015) were higher in cancer in all sites than those for manual workers (127.6 per 100,000 persons in 1995 and 103.7 per 100,000 persons in 2015) throughout the years. However, age-standardized mortality rates showed a significant decreasing trend between 1995 and 2015 for non-manual workers, and the absolute value of annual percent change was higher in non-manual workers than in manual workers. As a result, a difference in age-standardized mortality rates for cancer in all sites between the two types of occupational classes decreased throughout the years. Conclusion: A further study investigating differences in physical or behavioral characteristics of female non-manual and manual workers is needed in order to understand the key factors for the higher cancer mortality rate in non-manual workers.
cancer
Japan
mortality
Occupation
Women
2022
02
01
475
783
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89969_98cd76bb9b75e0bbcbca187eda4406fa.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
The Effect of Omega-3 Enriched Oral Nutrition Supplement on Nutritional Indices and Quality of Life in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Eunbo
Sim
Jin-Min
Kim
Seung-Min
Lee
Moon Jae
Chung
Si Young
Song
Eun Sun
Kim
Hoon Jai
Chun
Mi-Kyung
Sung
Objective: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients often experience severe malnutrition during cancer therapies due to gastrointestinal dysfunctions including poor digestion and absorption as well as tumor-associated anorexia. In this study, we performed a randomized clinical trial to determine the efficacy of oral nutrition supplement (ONS) enriched with omega-3 fatty acids on nutritional status, quality of life (QOL), and pro-inflammatory indices. Methods: Patients diagnosed with GI cancers were recruited and screened for eligibility. A total of 58 patients were randomly allocated to either the control group (n=27) or the experimental group (n=31). The intervention group received 200 ml ONS twice a day while the control group received routine care. Anthropometrics, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) score, QOL score and nutrient intake data were collected at baseline, week 4 and week 8. Blood was drawn for biochemical assessments. Nine patients from each group dropped out of the study Forty patients (18 control patients and 22 intervention patients) completed the study. Results: This study showed that ONS intervention improved PG-SGA scores in the intervention group (p<0.01). Scores of physical functioning score and role functioning were declined only in the control group and the difference between week 8 and baseline for role functioning was significant (p<0.001). Fatigue score was steadily decreased in the experiment group, and the differences between week 8 and baseline was significant between two groups (p<0.02). However, no statistically significant improvement in biochemical markers of nutritional status and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations were found. These results suggests that ONS intervention for 8 weeks improves PG-SGA scores and QOL scores in patients undergoing cancer therapy.
Gastrointestinal cancer
Malnutrition
Nutritional Status
Oral nutritional supplement
Anti-cancer therapy
2022
02
01
485
494
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89970_d2db94035e8393982dfb98ebf6754533.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Definitive Chemoradiotherapy with Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil for Advanced Cervical Esophageal Cancer: A Medium-Term Outcome
Hiroshi
Okamoto
Yusuke
Taniyama
Chiaki
Sato
Toshiaki
Fukutomi
Yohei
Ozawa
Ryohei
Ando
Kozue
Takahashi
Ryujiro
Akaishi
Yuta
Horie
Yasuharu
Shinozaki
Michiaki
Unno
Takashi
Kamei
Background: Definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is widely considered as a treatment option for cervical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) toward preserving the larynx. We have reported favorable outcomes, including the treatment response rate and short-term survival of dCRT concomitant with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF-RT) for advanced cervical ESCC. The aim of this paper was to report the subsequent progress of the study. Methods: We assessed 18 patients with advanced (clinical stage II–IV, including T4b and/or M1 lymph node) cervical ESCC at our department who received DCF-RT as the first-line treatment between December 2010 and June 2020. Results: A total of 14 men and 4 women underwent the study regimen. The pretreatment clinical stage included stage II, stage III, stage IVA, and stage IVB cases (including 9 patients with T4b) [8 trachea and 2 thyroids] and 7 patients with the M1 lymph node. The complete response (CR) was achieved in 15 patients, stable disease in 2, and progressive disease in 1. Of 15 patients with CR, 7 experienced recurrence, and 8 had continued CR. Frequent cases of grade ≥3 adverse effects included leucopenia, neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and pharyngeal pain. The 3-year overall survival rate, disease-free survival rate, and disease-specific survival rate were 44.2%, 47.7%, and 48.6%, respectively. Conclusion: DCF-RT for advanced cervical esophageal cancer could achieve a favorable prognosis with larynx preservation. Further observations are warranted to establish the long-term prognosis, late complications of radiotherapy, and the significance of salvage surgery.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Definitive chemoradiotherapy
Docetaxel
Cisplatin
5-fluorouracil
2022
02
01
495
499
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89971_6a521e07bc8404b4abf1ad6399798a87.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
The Effectiveness of the Nimali Variety of Sri Lankan Punica granatum L. Fruit Extracts on Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) Cells Concerning the Apoptotic Signaling Pathway
Udeshika
Bandara
Chamindri
Witharana
Preethi
Soysa
Objective: Pomegranate ,a polyphenol-rich fruit, has been considered as one of the ancient fruits with anticancer effect. Cell cycle arrest is considered as an ordinary factor in human cancer, and apoptosis is the frequent drug target. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Nimali variety of Sri Lankan Punica granatum L. fruit extracts on rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells concerning the apoptotic signaling pathway. Methods: Antiproliferative activity of aqueous extracts of pomegranate peel, pericarp, was assessed using multiple extraction methods (sonication, microwaving, sonication followed by microwaving, keeping in a waterbath, and boiling at 100ºC). Total protein content, nitric oxide production, LDH, and caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities were analyzed in peel extracts prepared by sonicated or microwave methods. RT-qPCR was performed with intact RNA to explore the apoptotic pathway and gene expression. Results: Peel extracts expressed minimum cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, induced cell death on RD cells. However, sonicated peel extract (SPL) indicated the lowest IC50 of 14.8±2.2 μg/mL comparative to healthy VERO cells (>1,000 μg/mL). A decrease of nitrite content in the supernatant was visualized in the graph plotted against concentration. Furthermore, SPL upregulated caspase-8 and caspase-3 signaling pathways and expression of p21 and p53 genes. Conclusion: The findings highlighted the promising therapeutic potential of SPL to inhibit RD growth and progression and to modulate the caspase-8 and caspase-3, p53, and p21 dependent pathway.
p53/p21 genes
RT-qPCR
caspase 3
caspase 8
LDH acitvity
2022
02
01
501
510
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89973_d74e24b18058d999239b1e444ac0d122.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Selective Toxicity Effect of Chrysaora quinquecirrha Crude Venom on Human Colorectal Tumor Cells by Directly Targeting Mitochondria
Enayatollah
Seydi
Nahid
Jafarzadeh
Parvaneh
Naserzadeh
Amir
Vazirizadeh
Mohammadreza
Mirshamsi
Jalal
Pourahmad
Objective: Compounds isolated from marine animals have different pharmacological effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) crude venom on human colon cancer mitochondria. Methods: First, mitochondria were isolated from healthy colon tissue and cancerous colon tissue, and then mitochondrial function (SDH activity), reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release were measured. Results: The results showed that crude venom of Chrysaora quinquecirrha (180, 360 and 720 µg/ml) can significantly impair mitochondrial function (**P<0.01 and ***P<0.001) and consequently increase the level of ROS (*P<0.05 and ****P<0.0001), collapse in MMP (*P<0.05 and ****P<0.0001), mitochondrial swelling (**** P<0.0001) and release of cytochrome c (* P<0.05 and *** P<0.001) only in mitochondria isolated from human colon cancer tissue. Conclusion: The results concluded that crude venom of Chrysaora quinquecirrha (180, 360 and 720 µg/ml) has no side effects on normal mitochondria and only selectively affects cancerous mitochondria. It seems that after further research, Chrysaora quinquecirrha can be considered as a drug candidate for the treatment of patients with colon cancer.
Marine Animal
reactive oxygen species
oxidative stress
cancer
2022
02
01
511
517
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89974_6c302fad097cd83c04714c6504f62d42.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Development of a Magnetic Nanostructure for Co-delivery of Metformin and Silibinin on Growth of Lung Cancer Cells: Possible Action Through Leptin Gene and its Receptor Regulation
Elnaz
Salmani Javan
Fatemeh
Lotfi
Davoud
Jafari-Gharabaghlou
Hanieh
Mousazadeh
Mehdi
Dadashpour
Nosratollah
Zarghami
Objective: Chemotherapeutic combinational approaches would be more efficient in decreasing toxicity of drug, preventing tumor progression in relation to either drug alone. Hence, the aim of this study is to constract magnetic PLGA/PEG nanoparticles (NPs) co-loaded with Metformin (Met) and Silibinin (Sil) to investigate their cytotoxicity as well as their impact on mRNA expression levels of leptin and leptin receptor genes in A549 lung cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The synthesized NPs were characterized by FTIR, FE-SEM, and VSM and then, MTT assay was utilized to assess and compare the cytotoxicity of various concentrations of the chemotheruptic molecules in pure and nanoformulated forms as well as in alone and combination state after 48 h exposure time. Moreover, the mRNA levels of leptin and its receptor genes expression were studied by quantitative real-time PCR. By co-encapsulation of Met and Sil into PLGA/PEG/ Fe3O4, cytotoxic efficiency of the compounds considerably augmented for all concentrations. Results: Cytotoxicity assay displayed that combination of Met and Sil had a synergistic concentration-dependent effect on A549 lung cancer cells. Moreover, qPCR data revealed that the expression levels of the leptin and leptin receptor was considerably reduced with increasing concentrations of drug-encapsulated magnetic NPs, especially Met/Sil-encapsulated PLGA/PEG/ Fe3O4 NPs. Conclusion: Present preliminary study shows that co-incorporating Met, Sil, Fe3O4 into PLGA/PEG NPs might provide a more promising and safe treatment strategy for lung cancer.
Metformin
silibinin
Magnetic PLGA/PEG nanoparticles
Lung cancer
leptin
2022
02
01
519
527
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89975_af6975e3c71e7303b378c1773882bfb7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Demographic Profile of p16 Immunopositive and HPV DNA PCR Positive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Large Cohort of Indian Patients
Farhat
Naz
Hitesh
Verma
Nadeem
Tanveer
Arava
Sudheer
Aanchal
Kakkar
Pranay
Tanwar
Background: The Indian subcontinent has the highest incidence of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in the world. The high incidence of tobacco chewing habit with or without smoking has been found to be the chief culprit. However in a minor subset of patients Human Papilloma Virus may play a role. Materials and Methods: A total of 800 cases of Oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study. The patients were given a questionnaire comprising of questions about demographic details and habits. The biopsy samples were routinely processed for immunohistochemistry for p16 (E6H4 clone, CINtec histology, Roche diagnostics). Cases with 2+/3+ positive nuclear staining with more than 75% cells immunopositive were taken as p16 immunopositive as per the AJCC criteria and were further subjected to HPV DNA PCR for which DNA was extracted from the formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue. Results: Out of 800 OSCC cases 139 (17.37%) showed p16 immunopositivity by AJCC criteria. Out of these, 104 (104/139, 74.8%) cases were positive by HPV DNA PCR for HPV-16/18. Following patient characteristics were associated with a higher proportion of p16 and HPV DNA positivity–urban residence, vegetarian diet, illiteracy, graduate or higher education. No correlation was noted with gender, tobacco smoking or chewing habits, religion, occupation or site of tumor. The p16 immunopositivity was higher in the younger age group with no tobacco habits. Conclusion: A significant proportion of OSCC cases in India are associated with HPV infection. A higher percentage of p16 immunopositivity amongst younger patients with no tobacco habits points towards a distinct subset of patients in whom HPV may be the chief culprit and not just playing a supporting role.
oral squamous cell carcinoma
Human papilloma virus
p16 immunopositive
HPV DNA PCR
2022
02
01
529
536
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89976_7f6b89b11d7344bd0d9a59d84368f802.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
How Do Adolescents Assess and Rank the Risk of Areca Nut Use? Findings from a Study in Mumbai, India
Nilesh
Chatterjee
Himanshu
Gupte
Gauri
Mandal
Objective: Areca nut use, along with tobacco, is a contributor to India’s high rates of oral cancer. Areca nut use is culturally accepted, often initiated early in adolescence, and said to lead to later tobacco use. Unlike tobacco prevention, there are scarce prevention or harm-reduction programmes or campaigns specifically targeted at areca nut. Methods: A participative ranking method was used to understand adolescents’ assessment of risks of areca nut. Five focus group discussions were conducted with 31 adolescents, 19 fe-male and 12 male, non-users and users of chewing tobacco, water-pipe (hookah) and areca nut. Participants categorized and ranked the risk of 16 activities, including the use of areca nut and various tobacco-products, and discussed reasons for these risk-rankings. Results: Despite differences between groups on the assessment of risks associated with the 16 different activities, all the groups, user and non-user, rated cigarette smoking as having the highest risk, chewing fennel and using mouth fresheners as no risk, and areca nut as low risk. The other activities were ranked differently by each group. Adolescents’ perceptions of smoking or online games as risky was influenced by greater exposure to messaging on harmful consequences of the activity through multiple channels such as mass media, interpersonal networks including parents, and classroom health-education sessions. Inadequate knowledge about the harmful consequences of areca nut use, greater social and cultural acceptability, and the sweet taste of commercially packaged areca nut influenced low-risk perceptions. Conclusion: Perceptions of risk from an activity often determines preventive behaviors. Presently, adolescents do not perceive areca use as risky. In comparison to smoking they con-sider it less harmful. More research is required to better understand areca nut use and its cul-tural determinants. However, targeted health communication messages and prevention poli-cies and programmes have to be initiated to reduce areca nut use and associated burden of oral cancer.
areca-nut
supari
risk-assessment
adolescents
India
2022
02
01
537
544
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89977_7fb77f00e2fd9488d14495f6ee3ab20c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Circulating Cell Free DNA and DNA Integrity Index as Discriminating Tools between Breast Cancer and Benign Breast Disease
Rania
Elhelaly
Narmen
Effat
Mohamed Abd
Hegazy
Khaled
Abdelwahab
Omar
Hamdy
Ekbal
Abo Hashem
Rasha
Elzehery
Objectives: Early diagnosis of cancer remains a great challenge in the field of laboratory medicine. We investigated the ability of ccf DNA and DNA integrity index (DNA II) in differentiating benign from malignant breast diseases. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 50 patients with benign breast disease (BBD) and 50 newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) patients, in addition to 50 control women. VEGF was measured by ELISA, while Real-time q-PCR was used to measure ccf DNA concentrations and to assess the concentrations of ALU repeats, both short fragments (115 bp) and long fragments (247 bp), then DNA II was calculated (all were done before and after radical mastectomy). Results: BC group showed significantly higher ccf DNA concentrations and DNA II compared to BBD and control groups, meanwhile, no statistically significant differences were found between BBD and control groups. Ccf DNA concentrations decreased significantly after surgery (P <0.001). Good AUC was found for ccf DNA (AUC=0.860), fair AUC was found for DNA II (AUC=0.727), while VEGF AUC failed to discriminate between BBD and BC cases. Conclusion: ccf DNA and DNA II could be used as excellent molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis of BC and for monitoring the efficiency of therapy in such patients. Utilizing these molecular markers would improve both the healthcare and economic burden of malignancy.
ccf DNA
DNA integrity index
breast cancer
Benign Breast Disease
2022
02
01
545
552
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89978_9fb6f10e095eaa7de06b8ba15c1f929c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Prognostic Value of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Locally Advanced HER2 Enriched Breast Cancer
Mostafa
Saber
Heba
El Zawahry
Amany
Hilal
Amany
Abou-Bakr
Alfred
Namour
Mona
Saber
Purpose: We aim to study the association between stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) level and disease free survival (DFS) in a group of ER and PR negative, HER2+ locally advanced breast cancer patients who underwent curative intent surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study including 66 locally advanced hormone receptor-negative; HER2+ breast cancer patients presented between 2013 and 2015 at NCI-Cairo, Egypt. Enrolled patients had at least clinically T3 and/or node positive disease either clinically or radiologically. Metastatic workup included CT and bone scans or PET-CT. Patients with hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative, inadequate paraffin block and who lost follow up before or immediately after curative surgery were excluded. Patients were followed from breast surgery till relapse date for a minimum of 36 months. TILs and CD8 antigen were assessed on paraffin-embedded blocks using immunohistochemistry. Results: Patients with a median age of 52 years presented with clinical T3 stage (53%) and N1 stage (61%). Modified radical mastectomy was performed in 79%. Only 41% received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 56% received trastuzumab. TILs were 50, 17 and 33% for absent, intermediate and extensive groups and CD8+ lymphocytes were present in 80% of cases. At the end of follow-up period, 23 patients (35%) were found to have disease recurrence either loco-regional (22%) or distant (78%). TILs were 14, 4 and 5% for absent, intermediate and extensive respectively; while CD8+ lymphocytes were absent in 6% and present (≥1%) in 17%. Higher DFS was recorded for patients with extensive TILs level only who received trastuzumab. Conclusion: High TILs is good prognosis in HER2 enriched breast cancer provided that patients received HER2 directed therapy. Moreover, CD8+ lymphocytes are highly representative and maybe used as an alternative for TILs. We recommend considering TILs and specifically CD8+ as one of the risk factors that predict prognosis of HER2+ breast cancer.
breast cancer
HER2+
Trastuzumab
tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
CD8
2022
02
01
553
560
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89980_6ca6e72fde60dc8a617fcd20c005f3fd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Recapitulating Tumor Microenvironment Using AXTEX-4DTM for Accelerating Cancer Research and Drug Screening
Ambica
Baru
Saumyabrata
Mazumder
Prabuddha
Kundu
Swati
Sharma
Biswa
Das Purkayastha
Sameena
Khan
Reeshu
Gupta
Nupur
Mehrotra Arora
Objective: The formation of three-dimensional spheroid tumor model using the scaffold-based platforms has been demonstrated over many years now. 3D tumor models are generated mainly in non-scalable culture systems, using synthetic and biological scaffolds. Many of these models fail to reflect the complex tumor microenvironment and do not allow long-term monitoring of tumor progression. This has resulted in inconsistent data in drug testing assays during preclinical and clinical studies. Methods: To overcome these limitations, we have developed 3D tissueoids model by using novel AXTEX-4D platform. Results: Cancer 3D tissueoids demonstrated the basic features of 3D cell culture with rapid attachment, proliferation, and longevity with contiguous cytoskeleton and hypoxic core. This study also demonstrated greater drug resistance in 3D-MCF-7 tissueoids in comparison to 2D monolayer cell culture. Conclusion: In conclusion, 3D-tissueoids are more responsive than 2D-cultured cells in simulating important tumor characteristics, anti-apoptotic features, and their resulting drug resistance.
Tissueoid
3Dculture
Drug resistance
doxorubicin
5-FU
2022
02
01
561
571
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89981_860b3eec1a280a2caff8117133f0656e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Perspectives of Gynecologic Oncologists on Minimally Invasive Surgery During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Turkish Society of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Oncology (MIJOD) Survey
Nasuh Utku
Dogan
Esra
Bilir
Salih
Taskin
Dogan
Vatansever
Selen
Dogan
Cagatay
Taskiran
Husnü
Celik
Firat
Ortac
Mete
Gungor
Background: To evaluate gynecologic oncologists’ trends and attitudes towards the use of Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in active period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Methods: Online national survey sent to members of Turkish Endoscopy Platform consisting of six sections and 45 questions between the dates 1-15 June 2020 in Turkey to explore their surgical practice during the pandemic in three hospital types: Education and research hospital/university hospital, state hospital and private Hospital. Participants were gynecologic oncologists who are members of Turkish Endoscopy Platform. Results: Fifty-eight percent of participants canceled all operations except for cancer surgeries and emergent operations. About a quarter of participants (28%) continued to operate laparoscopically and/or robotically. For the evaluation of the suspected adnexial mass (SAM) 64% used laparotomy and only 13 % operated by laparoscopy (L/S). For the management of low-risk early-stage endometrial cancer only fifth of the participants preferred to perform L/S. For endometrial cancer with high-intermediate risk factors more than half of participants preferred complete staging with laparotomy. For advanced stage ovarian cancer, one-fifth of the participants preferred to perform an explorative laparotomy, whilst 15 % preferred diagnostic laparoscopy to triage the patients for either NACT or cytoreductive surgery. On the contrary 41 % of participants chose to have cytology by paracentesis for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Gynecologic oncologists with >10 years L/S experience used MIS more for SAM. Furthermore, experienced surgeons used L/S more for endometrial cancer patients. In busy COVID hospitals, more participants preferred laparotomy over L/S. Conclusion: Use of MIS decreased during the pandemic in Turkey. More experienced surgeons continued to perform MIS. Surgical treatment was the preferred approach for SAM, early-stage endometrial cancer. However, NACT was more popular compared to radical surgery.
COVID-19
Gynecologic oncology
Survey
Laparoscopy
Turkey
2022
02
01
573
581
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89982_400e5224fd877d7ae26c7649b1cf7dab.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Effect of Betulinic acid Extraction from Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) Leaves Against Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cells
Rassameepen
Phonarknguen
Saksit
Nobsathian
Kanjana
Assawasuparerk
Background: Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene glycoside extract from guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) leaves, displays a variety of biological activities which exhibit cancer therapeutic properties associated with cancer growth inhibition in various kinds of human cancer cells including brain, breast, colorectal, cervical, lung and prostate gland. However, the effects on human cholangiocarcinoma cells have not previously been reported. Current study, we evaluated the activity of BA against human cholangiocarcinoma (HuCCA) cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity analysis was measured by using MTT assay on HuCCA and BHK-21 cells. Analysis of apoptosis was evaluated by using staining with Hoechst 33342 and quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The BA (50-800 µg/mL) significantly reduced the viability of HuCCA cells in a dose-dependent action with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 92.45 µg/mL at 24 h. It also induced apoptosis signaling pathway, such as nuclear chromatin condensation and fragmentation. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that BA increased p53, Bax and caspase-3 expression whilst it decreased Bcl-2 expression in the HuCCA cells in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: BA can inhibit the HuCCA cell viability and induce apoptosis of neoplastic cells. This study indicates that BA has effective treatment for cholangiocarcinoma in vitro. Consequently, BA may be used as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma in the future.
betulinic acid
guava leaves (Psidium guajava Linn.)
Apoptosis
cholangiocarcinoma cell
2022
02
01
583
590
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89979_447f0217dd5c73444a863deda5146c66.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Improvement in the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio after Combined Fluorouracil, Leucovorina and Oxaliplatino based (FOLFOX) Chemotherapy for Stage III Colon Cancer is Associated with Improved Minimal Residual Disease and Outcome
Nigel
Murray
Ricardo
Villalon
Dan
Hartmann
Patricia
Rodriguez
Socrates
Aedo
Introduction: Minimal residual disease (MRD) is the net result of the biological properties of disseminated tumour cells and the effect of the immune system and treatment to eliminate them. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of combined chemotherapy on the immune function as determined by the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and if it was associated with changes in the subtype of minimal residual disease and outcome in stage III colon cancer. Methods and Patients: A prospective, single centre observational study; the NLR was determined immediately prior to and one, two and three months after completing chemotherapy. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and bone marrow micro-metastasis (mM) using immunocytochemistry with anti-CEA were determined prior to and one month after chemotherapy. The association of changes in the NLR with MRD subtypes classified as Group I (negative for CTCs and mM), Group II (positive for mM) and Group III (positive for CTCs) as a result of chemotherapy and five-year disease free progression (DFS) analysed. Results: One hundred and eighty eight patients participated of whom 83 (44.9%) relapsed. In non-relapsing patients the NLR significantly increased and was higher after chemotherapy compared with relapsing patients. Significant increases in the NLR were associated with changes to a better MRD prognostic subtype and decreases with a worse MRD subtype. Neither baseline NLR nor MRD subtype predicted response to chemotherapy. DFS for MRD subgroups were 88%, 56% and 6% for Groups I to III respectively. Conclusions: Immune function as measured by the NLR is associated with MRD prognostic subtypes, improvements in the NLR are associated with improvements in MRD post chemotherapy but neither baseline NLR or MRD predicted outcome.
Colon cancer
minimal residual disease
immune dysfunction
Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio
Chemotherapy
2022
02
01
591
599
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89983_1f558fbe71f0661c1f5743e8b29fe0c1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Cancer Incidence in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Results of a Seven-Year Cancer Registration in Erbil and Duhok Governorates
Karwan
M-Amen
Omiad
Abdullah
Ahmed
Amin
Zeki
Mohamed
Bestoon
Hasan
Mudhir
Shekha
Hastyar
Najmuldeen
Fryad
Rahman
Zjwan
Housein
Ahmed
Salih
Amin
Mohammed
Luqman
Sulaiman
Basak
Barzingi
Dler
Mahmood
Hemin
Othman
Dara
Mohammad
Fahmi
Salih
Suad
Ali
Trefa
Mohamad
Kazhan
Mahmood
Galawezh
Othman
Mukhlis
Aali
Govand
Qader
Bashdar
Hussen
Farhang
Awla
Shahab
Kareem
Fikry
Qadir
Dilan
Taher
Abbas
Salihi
Introduction: There are limited published data regarding the recent incidence trends of cancer in Iraqi Kurdistan. Methods: The present study assessed the epidemiological estimates of cancer incidence, as well providing a projection of future cancer trends in the upcoming decade by analysing the population-based cancer registry between 2013 and 2019, in both the Erbil and Duhok governorates. A retrospective analysis was performed on data retrieved from the Medical Statistics Department at the Ministry of Health, Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). Results: The total number of female cancer patients was higher in both governorates, and the total incidence of patients with cancer increased by over 2x between 2013 and 2019 in Erbil and Duhok, from 73 to 174 patients/100,000 individuals for women, and 36 to 85 patients/100,000 individuals for men. Analysis indicated that the percentage of patients with cancer is projected to increase by >2x in the current decade, from 3,457 cases to 4,547 and 4,449 cases in the Erbil governorate; and from 1,365 to 2,633 and 2,737 cases in 2028 based on LSTM and bi-LTSM analysis in the Duhok governorate. Lung cancer (LC) and female breast cancer (BC) were the most prominent types of cancers diagnosed since 2013 in both the Erbil and Duhok governorates. Conclusion: The striking pattern of trends for both present and future cancer incidence rates require urgent solutions and comprehensive efforts to control risk factors that promote the increasing incidence of cancer in these two KRG governorates.
Cancer Incidence
cancer statistics
age-standardized rate
Kurdistan Region
Iraq
2022
02
01
601
615
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89984_be44bc883f5dc0cb626579853de35e46.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Predicting Factors for Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Apparently Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer
Pariyed
Gumtorntip
Yenrudee
Poomtavorn
Chamnan
Tanprasertkul
Background: Performing lymphadenectomy in all patients with early-stage endometrial cancer (EC) is debatable because the procedure may expose patients to unnecessary risks of postoperative complications. Aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM) in patients with apparently early-stage EC. Materials and methods: Two hundred and two patients with apparently early-stage EC who underwent surgical staging at Thammasat University Hospital between the years 2013 and 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Clinicopathological data and preoperative laboratory results were obtained from computer-based medical records. All data were statistically analyzed to determine the prevalence of PLNM and risk factors for developing PLNM. Results: PLNM was detected in 22 (10.9%) patients. Univariate analysis demonstrated that having grade 3 tumor, myometrial invasion of 50% or greater, vaginal involvement, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, lower uterine segment involvement, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and positive peritoneal cytology were associated with higher risk for developing PLNM. In addition, lower preoperative hemoglobin level and higher preoperative white blood cell count were significantly associated with PLNM. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that myometrial invasion of 50% or greater and LVSI were independent risk factors for developing PLNM (odds ratio (OR) 9.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.58-33.55, p = 0.001, and OR 3.73, 95%CI 1.39-10.02, p = 0.009, respectively). Conclusions: Myometrial invasion of 50% or greater and LVSI were independent risk factors for developing PLNM in patients with apparently early-stage EC and thus lymphadenectomy in these patients should be provided.
Endometrial cancer
risk factors
Pelvic lymph node metastasis
lymphadenectomy
lymphovascular space invasion
2022
02
01
617
622
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89985_322ca69809fe42d94a12571d4a7769cd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Prognostic Scoring System Development for Malignant Spinal Cord Compression
Chaichana
Chantharakhit
Nantapa
Sujaritvanichpong
Objective: Although many prognostic scoring systems have been used to predict survival of malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) patients, some previous data have shown that the accuracy of the scoring system remains problematic. Current advanced cancer therapies may influence the altered survival predictions. The aim of this study was to develop a new prognostic scoring system for higher accuracy of survival prediction in patients with malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC). Methods: Data were collected from 89 patients diagnosed with MSCC in 2018-2020. Potential clinical factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox’s regression analysis. The selected logistic coefficients were transformed into a prognostic predictive scoring system. Internal validation was performed using the bootstrapping procedure. Results: According to multivariate Cox’s regression analysis, 9 potential prognostic factors were obtained, i.e. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio >3.6, breast cancer, lung cancer, other types of cancer (except prostate cancer), male, complete paralysis, spinal metastases in three levels, hypercalcemia, and no further systemic treatment. The data was developed into a Buddhasothorn Hospital Malignant Spinal Cord Compression (BSH-MSCC) score with an interval of 0-52 points (AUC = 0.77; AUC to predict short-term survival = 0.93). When using the cut-off point > 18 to predict short-term survival, AUC = 0.84, sensitivity = 81.5%, specificity = 85.7%, PPV = 89.8%, and NPV = 75.0%. Internal validation with 1,000 bootstrap resampling showed good discrimination. Conclusion: BSH-MSCC score had a simplified score and high accuracy. The new tool is more accurate and can help decision-making for better treatment using a multidisciplinary approach.
prognostic score
Malignant spinal cord compression
treatment modality
2022
02
01
623
630
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89986_ba8d8b5ab104e1b0c7a9926678c783bf.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Predictors and Treatment Outcomes of Pediatric Osteosarcoma in Diverse Socioeconomic Backgrounds in Southeast Asia: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Chalinee
Monsereenusorn
Ana Patricia
Alcasabas
Amos Hong Pheng
Loh
Shui Yen
Soh
Kenneth Wong Pak
Leung
Chetan
Dhamne
Sally
Blair
Catherine
Lam
Piya
Rujkijyanont
Chanchai
Traivaree
Apichat
Photia
Puwadon
Veerapan
Mark E.
Puhaindran
Bernice L.Z.
Oh
Edward
Wang
Carlos
Rodriguez-Galindo
Background: Pediatric osteosarcoma outcomes among developed and developing countries have not been previously compared. Countries in Southeast Asia (SEA) have a wide variety of socioeconomic statuses. A multi-institutional retrospective study was conducted to determine the prognostic factors and outcomes for pediatric osteosarcoma in SEA. Methods: Pediatric patients with osteosarcoma treated between 1998 and 2017 in 4 SEA pediatric oncology centers were studied. Countries were classified using the World Bank Atlas method. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox’s Proportion Hazard Model were applied to estimate survival outcomes and identify prognostic factors. Results: In all, 149 patients with osteosarcoma with a mean age of 12.48±3.66 years were enrolled. The localized to metastatic disease ratio was 1.5:1. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were 53.8% and 42%, respectively. Prognostic factors associated with outcomes were country, stage of disease, MTX-containing regimens, and surgery type (p-value <0.05). In patients with localized disease, EFS was superior with limb-salvage surgery (62%) than amputation or rotationplasty (40%) (p-value 0.009). MTX-containing chemotherapies provided higher OS (45.3%) and EFS (37.9%) than non-MTX regimens (12.3% and 10.7%, respectively) among metastatic patients (p-value 0.004 and 0.005, respectively). Metastatic disease was an independent prognostic factor for death but not relapse outcome. Conclusion: The disease outcomes in SEA were acceptable compared to developed countries. The stage of disease was the only independent prognostic factor. MTX-containing regimens and limb-salvage surgery should be considered where possible.
osteosarcoma
Southeast Asia
Metastasis
methotrexate
limb salvage
2022
02
01
631
640
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89987_cd4302a6f22a183bf48ce7f95651a514.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Association between Epstein-Barr Virus Gene Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk among Egyptian Females
Meravt
Mashaly
Doaa
Ghorab
Mohamed
Hegazy
Mohamed
Abdelkhalek
Khaled
Gaballah
Rasha
Elzehery
Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated in the development of breast cancer (BC) since 1995. It is classified into A/B genotypes, C/D subtypes, and F/f variants according to variations in its genome. Aim: To determine the distribution difference of EBV types between BC patients and healthy controls in Egypt and to detect the association between different EBV types and BC characteristics. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-two participants (142 BC patients and 220 controls) were enrolled in this study. All participants were screened for EBV infection by determination of viral-capsid-IgG antibodies in their sera. EBNA-1 gene was detected by PCR in tumor biopsies of seropositive patients and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of controls. A/B genotyping of EBV was performed by nested-PCR targeting the EBNA-2 gene. C/D subtypes and F/f variants were identified by Restriction fragment length polymorphism at BamHI-I W1/I1 and BamHI-F regions of EBV genome, respectively. Results: Among 362 participants, 300(82.9%) were EBV-seropositive, including 120/142(84.5%) of the BC patients and 180/220(81.8 %) of the controls. EBNA-1 gene was positive in 54(45%) of seropositive BC patients and in 38(21.1%) of seropositive controls. There was a significant association of EBNA-1 gene with breast cancer (OR=3.05, 95%CI=1.84-5.07). Moreover, EBNA-1 gene positivity was significantly associated with the more aggressive tumors. Genotype-A and prototype-F were predominant among patients (90.4%, 100%, respectively) as well as among controls (91.7%, 100%, respectively) with no statistical significant association with BC risk. However, subtype-D was significantly more frequent in patients (95.6%) than in controls (64.7%) and was significantly associated with a higher BC risk as compared to subtype-C (OR=11.7, 95%CI=2.4-57.08). Subtype-D was significantly associated with higher grades tumors (100% among grade III), with progesteron receptor-negative tumors and with HER2-positive tumors (100% for each). The combined genotypes that significantly associated with BC risk were ADF (OR=4.9) and BDF (OR=5.5). Conclusions: Subtype-D of EBV could be the only EBV type implicated in BC development among Egyptian females and associated more with poor prognosis.
Epstein-Barr Virus
Breast
Egypt
cancer
Genotyping
2022
02
01
641
650
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89988_a5481e14eb5015abf364ade0f61f702e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Validation of Identifying Cancer Diagnosis Based on Self-Reported Information in the Japan Nurses’ Health Study
Kota
Katanoda
Yuki
Ideno
Naho
Maruoka
Kazue
Nagai
Yoichiro
Tsukada
Mei
Matsuki
Takahiro
Higashi
Kunihiko
Hayashi
Background: The Japan Nurses’ Health Study (JNHS) is a large-scale, nationwide prospective cohort study of female nurses. This study aimed to examine the validity of self-reported diagnosis of cancer among the JNHS cohort members (N=15,019). Methods: For women who reported any diagnosis of five cancers (stomach, colorectal, liver, lung and thyroid) in the biennial follow-up surveys, an additional outcome survey, medical facility survey, and confirmation of death certificate (DC) were conducted. The JNHS Validation Study Committee (referred to as “the committee”) made a final decision on the reported outcomes. To examine the validity of self-reported diagnosis of cancer, the positive predictive value (PPV) was calculated using the committee’s decision as the gold standard. To examine the validity of the committee’s decision based on self-reports and DCs, PPV was calculated using physician-reported information as the gold standard. Results: The PPV of self-reported diagnosis in the biennial follow-up surveys was 77.8% for stomach, 66.2% for colorectal, 41.7% for liver, 60.2% for lung, and 64.6% for thyroid cancer. The corresponding PPVs in the additional outcome survey were 96.2%, 80.7%, 62.5%, 82.5%, and 96.9%, respectively. The PPV of the committee’s decision was 100% for stomach, 87.5% for colorectal, 94.7% for lung, and 100% for thyroid cancer (data not available for liver cancer). The proportion of DC-only cases among committee-defined cases was below 10% for all cancers except liver cancer (28.6%). Conclusions: The validity of identifying cancer diagnosis based on self-reported information in the JNHS was favorable for stomach, colorectal, lung and thyroid cancer.
Cohort studies
Neoplasms
Validity
women’ s health
2022
02
01
651
657
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89989_a6f62ce56974c1e160f72917d08a4504.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
The Appropriate of Cone Depth in Loop Electrical Excision Procedure (LEEP) for Negative Pathological Margin from High Grade Precancerous Lesion of Cervix, Retrospective Study
Noppames
Srijarusith
Nopporn
Rodpenpear
Objective: To determine the appropriate cone depth for treating high grade precancerous lesions to achieve negative pathological margins of cones from LEEPs. Other factors associated with positive pathological margin were also investigated. Methods: A Retrospective study recruited 170 patients who received indications for LEEP during January 2015 to July 2020 were enrolled. The participants were operated by a single cut of LEEP and not had previously conization before. All patient data were collected into two groups, including negative and positive cone margin groups. Then, we used the cone depth by calculating from cone tissue after formalin fixation to eliminate shrinkage effect. The appropriate cut-off points for cone depth were calculated by ROC and analyzed factors that influence positive cone margin. Results: The depth of cone (mm ±SD) of negative margin group was 8.70 (±3.36) and 6.13 (±2.28) mm in positive margin group. The appropriate cut-off points for cone depth were calculated by ROC presented at resection depth of 7.21 mm, which displayed proper cone depth with a sensitivity of 63.53% and specificity of 71.76%. Elderly age (adjusted OR 1.061, 95%CI 1.008-1.117, p=0.002), number of quadrants of lesion involvement (adjusted OR 1.182, 95%CI 1.312-2.513, p=<0.001) and glandular involvement (adjusted OR 3.648, 95%CI 1.605-8.292, p=0.002) were the significant risk factors for positive margin. Conclusion: The appropriate cone depth for treating high grade precancerous lesions was at least 7.21 mm to achieve a negative cone margin from LEEP. The significant factors associated with positive cone margin include elderly age, more quadrants of lesion involvement and glandular involvement.
Loop electrical excision procedure
LEEP
cone depth
negative pathological margin
2022
02
01
659
664
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89990_54bed7aea744618a036d403bb6bb113a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Breast Anthropometry: Values and Application in Breast Surgery for Vietnamese Women
Quang
Le
Huy
Nguyen
Objectives: Breast surgery requires a high aesthetic outcome and should be individualized according to anthropometric breast and body characteristics. This study aimed to measure the anthropometric parameters and volume of Vietnamese female breasts and their application in breast surgery. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study enrolled 240 women treated at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital aged 18 to 78 years old. The measurements were obtained with the patient sitting upright in the anatomic position based on key landmarks and breast volume was also assessed. Differences in breast anthropometric measurements and breast volume were compared between groups of age, BMI, and the number of children. The correlation between breast volume calculated by anthropometric method and surgical specimen volume was evaluated to determine the accuracy of this method. Results: The mean values of the right and left breast volumes are less statistically different. Mean breast volume of the right breast and left breast were 396.1±182.3ml and 399.4±182.2ml, respectively. The proportion of breast ptosis increased with age (p=0.027), Body mass index (p<0.0001), and the number of children (p=0.004). The most important factor affecting the size and shape of the breast was body mass index (BMI). Mastectomy specimen volume and breast volume calculated by the anthropometric method are highly correlated with r=0.966. Conclusions: The results of this study should be applied in clinical practice in breast surgery for Vietnamese women.
breast surgery
plastic surgery
breast cancer
2022
02
01
665
671
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89991_549cb193fb12bbabaebe6a1a3838e4c8.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Anticancer Effects of Urtica Dioica in Breast Cancer
Percin
Karakol
Serpil
Saraydin
Mehmet
Bozkurt
Ceylan
Hepokur
Zeynep Deniz
Inan
Mustafa
Turan
Objective: The goal of this study is to look into the antiproliferative capabilities of Urtica Dioica (UD) on breast cancer. Methods: The cytotoxicity of UD extracts against breast cancer cell lines was investigated. Flow cytometry analyses were used to investigate in vitro apoptosis of breast cancer cells using Annexin V labeling. In vivo tests also performed. Results: UD showed cytotoxicity to three cancer cell lines. The number of Annexin-positive cells was higher in UD-treated cell lines than in untreated control cells. When compared to the untreated control group, the rats treated with UD had greater expressions of caspase 3, p53 protein, and TUNEL positive cells. When compared to the control group, Ki-67 expression was reduced in the treatment groups. In vivo tests revealed that, when compared to untreated rats, the mean tumor volume inhibition ratio in the UD group was 38 percent. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Urtica Dioica may have antitumoral properties in the treatment of breast cancer.
Urtica dioica
breast cancer
Anticancer
In vitro
Cytotoxicity
2022
02
01
673
681
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89992_54bc6923a6d990b172b317196a884277.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
ACAN, MDFI, and CHST1 as Candidate Genes in Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Insilco Analysis
Farzane
Vafaeie
Samira
Nomiri
Javad
Ranjbaran
Hossein
Safarpour
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a complex disorder with an inadequate response to treatment. Although many efforts have been made to clarify the development of GC, the exact etiology and molecular mechanisms of this malignancy remain unclear. This study was designed to identify and characterize essential associated genes with GC to construct a prognostic model. Methods: In this Insilco study, the gene expression microarray dataset GSE122401 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The raw data were processed and quantile-normalized with the edgeR package of R ver.3.5.3. The module-trait relationship and hub-genes associated with GC were analyzed with Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by Cluepedia and Enrichr Database. Finally, hub-genes were screened and validated by GEPIA online database. Results: According to the WGCNA results, the blue module was found to be strongly correlated with the GC (r=0.91, p-value=1e-57). DEGs analysis was performed by edgeR package of R and indicated a total of 47 genes as hub-genes. Verifying the hub-genes expression using GEPIA online database showed a significantly increased level of ACAN gene expression in primary cancer cell line compared to metastatic cell line. On the other hand, the expression of MDFI and CHST1 genes in primary cell lines were lower compared to metastatic cancer cell lines. Conclusions: This study provides a framework of the co-expression gene modules ACAN, MDFI, and CHST1 as hub-genes. These hub-genes might offer candidate biomarkers to targeted therapy against GC. Further experiment validation and animal models are needed to reveal the exact mechanism of the above-mentioned genes in the pathogenesis and prognoses of GC.
WGCNA
Hub-genes
Biomarkers
Systems biology
2022
02
01
683
694
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89993_2e1495635156a3dd90628941883d6b7e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Identifying Early Predictive Markers for Immune-Related Adverse Events in Nivolumab-Treated Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma and Gastric Cancer
Shinya
Takada
Hidetaka
Murooka
Kanae
Tahatsu
Maki
Yanase
Kengo
Umehara
Hirokazu
Hashishita
Harabayashi
Toru
Maruyama
Satoru
Tamotsu
Sagawa
Koshi
Fujikawa
Hideki
Sato
Kozo
Mino
Background: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) ratios can indicate poor disease prognosis and are inflammation markers. We investigated the role of NLR and PLR as effective predictive markers of immune-related adverse event (irAE) onset in patients treated with nivolumab. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 73 gastric and renal cancer patients treated with nivolumab at the Hokkaido Cancer Centre from January 2017 to June 2020. NLR and PLR were calculated at the initiation of nivolumab treatment and irAE onset. We identified the risk factors for Grade 3-4 irAE onset using NLR, PLR, sex, cancer type, and age. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were calculated from the initiation of nivolumab treatment to the date of death or censored at last follow-up. Results: Among the 73 patients included, 17 (18%) had at least one grade3-4 irAE. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that pretreatment NLR<4.3 was significantly associated with a reduced risk for onset of grade3-4 irAEs, whereas rate of NLR change after treatment, ΔNLR>120% was significantly associated with an increased risk. Conclusions: NLR is an effective marker for prognosis and onset of grade 3-4 irAEs.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Neutrophils to lymphocytes
platelet to lymphocytes
immune-related adverse event
2022
02
01
695
701
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90003_4076ab1be81ffcc85b5e5db7a1981ad9.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Effect of an Extract from the Egyptian Sea Cucumber, Bohadschia marmorata, on Methotrexate-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Male Mice
Manar
Kandeil
Eman
El- Nahass
Mona
Elwan
Background: The sea cucumber, Bohadschia marmorata, is a marine echinoderm consumed and used as a medication. Extract of this species displays a broad spectrum of bioactivity, such as antifungal, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and cytotoxic properties. This investigation explored sea cucumber extract for hepatorenal protection against the toxicity of methotrexate (MTX). Methods: Four groups of mice were divided into G1: control, G2: MTX treated, G3: B. marmorata extract-treated daily for 14 days, and G4: B. marmorata extract and MTX treated. Results and Conclusions: Biochemical analysis and histopathological examination of liver tissue showed that administration of MTX increased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lowered levels of serum albumin, total protein, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). Administration of B. marmorata extract to MTX- injected mice significantly reversed the increase in serum levels of liver enzymes and induced a significant elevation in serum albumin and total protein levels. SOD, CAT, and GSH levels returned to nearly normal levels. Histopathological examination indicated fewer signs of toxicity in liver and kidney tissues of mice treated with both extract and MTX compared to MTX treatment alone. An extract of B. marmorata will protect mice from hepatorenal toxicity induced by MTX.
Bohadschia marmorata
histopathological examination
Antioxidant enzymes
methotrexate
serum biochemicals
2022
02
01
703
713
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90001_2e4d096e4d63c19d02f5c145abff0111.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Annexin A1 Is a Potential Prognostic Marker for, and Enhances the Metastasis of, Cholangiocarcinoma
Kwuntida
Kotepui
Sumalee
Obchoei
Kulthida
Vaeteewoottacharn
Seiji
Okada
Sopit
Wongkham
Kanlayanee
Sawanyawisuth
Objective: Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein which contributes to proliferation, cancer progression and metastasis. Overexpression of ANXA1 is closely associated with metastasis in numerous types of cancer. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a bile-duct cancer which has high rates of metastasis. Previously, we demonstrated up-regulation of ANXA1 in a highly metastatic CCA cell line (KKU-213AL5). Here, we investigated the functions of ANXA1 in the progression of CCA cell lines and evaluated its clinical impacts in human CCA tissues. Methods: Effects of ANXA1 on metastatic potential of CCA cell lines were evaluated using cell-proliferation, clonogenic, migration and invasion assays. The expression of ANXA1 in 44 intrahepatic human CCA tissues was investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The association of ANXA1 with clinicopathological features of CCA patients was analyzed. Results: Silencing of ANXA1 expression using siRNA significantly decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration and invasion in the KKU-213AL5 cell line. IHC results showed low expression of ANXA1 in normal bile ducts in the non-tumor area. In contrast, high expression of ANXA1 in human CCA tissues was associated with advanced tumor stage, tumor size and presence of lymph-node metastasis. Conclusion: These findings strongly imply that ANXA1 contributes to the progression of CCA. ANXA1 can serve as a potential prognostic marker for CCA. Ablation of ANXA1 action may be an alternative strategy to prevent metastasis of CCA.
Annexin A1
ANXA1
cholangiocarcinoma
Metastasis
2022
02
01
715
721
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89994_9dd04777143a3bfbde89df353d93f80d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Evaluation of microRNA 92a Expression and Its Target Protein Bim in Colorectal Cancer
Ahmed
Zaki
Amal
Fawzy
Samia
Akel
H
Gamal
Reham A
Elshimy
Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and leading causes of malignancy-related deaths all over the world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate more than 60% of human genes, including tumor-stimulating, and -suppressor genes. Therefore, they can promote cancer development and affect risk of malignancy. miR-92a overexpression in CRC enhances tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through downregulating different pro-apoptosis proteins including Bim. This study aimed to assess the role of plasma miR-92a as non-invasive marker in CRC patients, outline correlation between plasma miR-92a and serum Bim, and determine their correlations with clinicopathological parameters in CRC and adenoma patients. Methods: A total of 54 newly diagnosed CRC patients, 15 colonic adenoma patients, and 15 age- and sex-matched control subjects were recruited in this study. Plasma miR-92a was assayed by TaqMan qRT-PCR and serum Bim was measured by ELISA. Results: Statistically significant overexpression of serum miR-92a was observed in CRC patients as compared to adenoma and control groups (p<0.001 each) and lower serum Bim in CRC patients as compared to adenoma and control groups (p=0.001, p <0.001 respectively). The ROC curve analysis showed excellent AUC for plasma miR-92a in discriminating CRC from control (AUC=0.994), and adenoma (AUC=0.993) groups with highest diagnostic performance in discriminating CRC from controls (at cutoff 1.43, sensitivity 98.1%, specificity 93.9%), and adenoma patients (at cutoff 1.78, sensitivity 92.6%, specificity 93.3%). The diagnostic performance in discriminating early from late CRC was good (at cutoff 15, AUC=0.641, sensitivity 61.2%, specificity 80%). A significant negative correlation was evident between plasma miR-92a and serum Bim both in adenoma and CRC groups (P<0.001 for both). Higher plasma miR-92a expression (r=0.275, p=0.044) and lower serum Bim (r=-0.299, p=0.028) were found to be correlated with late CRC stages. Conclusion: Circulating miR-92a and Bim could be promising, non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in CRC.
miRNA 92a
BCL2L11
CRC
Biomarker
2022
02
01
723
730
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89995_b894de5203c99b62ccb3fa070a77c7c4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
Fabrication and Characterization of a Three-Dimensional Fibrin Gel Model to Evaluate Anti-Proliferative Effects of Astragalus hamosus Plant Extract on Breast Cancer Cells
Mozaffar
Mahmoodi
Somayeh
Ebrahimi -Barough
Shaghayegh
Kamian
Mahmoud
Azami
Mozhgan
Mehri
Mohammad
Abdi
Jafar
Ai
Background: Breast Cancer (BC) is a malignancy with high mortality among women. Recently, scaffold-based three-dimensional (3D) models have been developed for anti-cancer drug research. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of Astragalus hamosus (A. hamosus) in 3D fibrin gel against MCF-7 cell line. We have also evaluated anti-proliferative effect of A. hamosus differences between 3D and 2D cultures. Methods: The fibrin gel formulation was first optimized by testing the structural and mechanical properties. Then the cytotoxic effect of A. hamosus extract was assessed on MCF-7 cells by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using TUNEL method and flow cytometry. Cell cycle and proliferation were analyzed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis-related gene expression such as Bcl-2, caspase-3, -8 and -9 were quantified by real time-PCR. Results: TUNEL staining showed a significant damage accompanied with cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that apoptosis increased after treatment with A. hamosus extract in 3D culture model compared to 2D culture. The A. hamosus extract arrested cell cycle in the S and G2/M phases in 3D model while in the 2D culture G0/G1 phase was affected. Treatment with A. hamosus extract led to upregulation of the caspase-3, -8 and -9 genes and downregulation of the Ki-67 in the 3D-culture compared with the 2D culture. Conclusion: These results indicated that A. hamosus extract could be used as a therapeutic candidate for BC due to its anti-proliferative effects. Furthermore, 3D fibrin gel could be better than 2D-cultured cells in simulating important tumor characteristics in vivo, namely, anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic features.
Astragalus hamosus
breast cancer
Fibrin gel
three dimension cell culture model
2022
02
01
731
741
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89996_c35984d5a3195ac83b59c883dbc36b11.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
2
The Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Properties of Caesalpinia sappan and Ficus septica, in Combination with Doxorubicin on 4T1 TNBC Cells with Nephroprotective Potential
Sari
Haryanti
Ummi
Zulfin
Irfani
Salsabila
Febri
Wulandari
Edy
Meiyanto
Objective: To evaluate the anti-cancer properties of Caesalpinia sappan and Ficus septica in combination with doxorubicin on 4T1 cells, confirm their nephroprotective activities, and predict the molecular targets of the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The cytotoxic activities of all extracts and doxorubicin were determined by MTT assay followed by cell cycle and apoptosis analysis using flow cytometry. Immunoblotting was used to determine the protein expressions. The proteins involved in the cell proliferation and migration were analyzed through bioinformatics approaches, whereas, the interaction between compounds and protein targets was observed through molecular docking. Furthermore, the effect of the extracts on cell migration was analyzed by scratch wound healing assay. The intracellular ROS after treatment with extracts was observed using DCFDA staining flow cytometry. Results: Both ECS and EFS performed cytotoxic properties and significantly enhanced doxorubicin’s cytotoxic effects against 4T1 cells. However, these cytotoxic activities did not correlate with the cell cycle progression. On the contrary, the combination treatment caused apoptosis that may correlate with the decreasing of IκBα phosphorylation, indicating that all agents targeted the inhibition of NF-κB activation. The combination treatments also inhibited cell migration and decreased MMP-9 expression. TNBC proliferation and metastasis needed at least 54 proteins to be activated, some of them are related to NF-κB activation. The inhibitory effect of ECS correlated with the interaction of brazilin and brazilein to IKK, a kinase protein that plays a role in IκBα phosphorylation. In addition, ECS and EFS reduced ROS expression in Vero cells caused by doxorubicin. Conclusion: In conclusion, ECS and EFS effectively enhanced the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin and inhibit cell migration on 4T1 cells and these activities may correlate to the inhibitory effect of NF-κB activation. ECS and EFS also exhibit ROS suppressing effect on Vero cells that may be beneficent to reduce nephrotoxicity of chemotherapeutic treatment.
Caesalpinia sappan
Ficus septica
cancer growth suppression
Cytotoxic combination (co-treatment)
kidney cytoprotective
2022
02
01
743
752
https://journal.waocp.org/article_89997_c4bd6fb35512cb8f3e4ab8dd15e8ab45.pdf