2024-03-29T02:56:17Z
https://journal.waocp.org/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=11863
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Tobacco Smoking and Health-Related Quality of Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Correspondence
Somsri
Wiwanitkit
Viroj
Wiwanitkit
covid
smoking
Quality of Life
cancer
2022
03
01
753
753
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90016_0be1434f5eab9ac6419cce7e1da7b96f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Re: Evaluation of Micronuclei and Cytomorphometric Changes in Patients with Different Tobacco Related Habits Using Exfoliated Buccal Cells
Rafayel
Muradyan
Gohar
Parsadanyan
Armen
Nersesyan
Tobacco
genotoxic
micronucleus
oral cells
other nuclear anomalies
2022
03
01
755
757
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90017_7bf40018e5c977e52edf2e34524344f4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
The Accuracy of Fecal Immunochemical Test in Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Meta-Analysis
Nittaya
Phuangrach
Pongdech
Sarakarn
Objective: To investigate the accuracy of OC-Sensor and colorectal cancer screening in a population-based randomized controlled trial at Khon Kaen province, Thailand. Methods: The MOOSE Guidelines for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies was applied. Eligibility criteria were English language, hand searching was conducted using Medline databases from 2010 to 2021 for identify literatures reviews of OC-Sensor and colorectal cancer screening. The initials screen based on the research titles and abstracts, final screenings based on full-text reports. Synthesis the results with meta-analysis using fixed effect model, random effect model, determined statistically significant with p-value < 0.05. Confirmed the pooled effect sizes of high heterogeneity by meta-regression including tested precision of each estimates by bubble plot using STATA version 14. Results: Meta-regression showed sensitivity of OC- sensor = 72.54% (95% CI: 65.82-79.25), and specificity of OC- sensor = 89.59% (95% CI: 87.23-91.95). Conclusions: Sample size and cut-off of fecal hemoglobin concentration in each study were differed but sub-group analysis and sensitivity analysis were not considered for this analysis because population, setting and location for detected cancer of included study are not differences.
FIT
advance neoplasia
colorectal cancer
2022
03
01
759
766
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90044_3ab8b2b8d397023a8bf460d609fd1234.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
The Acceptance of Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling Test among Muslim Women:A Systematic Review
Siti Maisara
Amir
Idayu
Idris
Hanizah
Mohd Yusoff
Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling test has the potential to increase cervical cancer screening rate. Although every screening test has its own advantages and disadvantages, culture and religion can be significant predictors for the acceptability of screening tests among patients, including the HPV self-sampling test. This systematic review intends to identify and review published literature on the acceptance of HPV self-sampling test among Muslim women globally. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) review protocol was utilised to guide this systematic review. We also used the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for the evaluation of articles, and data from selected papers were retrieved and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: This systematic review includes seven publications that discussed on Muslim women’s perceptions of HPV self-sampling test. This comprises articles that revealed Muslim women’s acceptance of the HPV self-sampling test, including considerable positive factors that influenced their approval. On the other hand, the test’s disadvantages were mentioned, which served as barriers for these women’s participation. Convenience, cultural sensitivity, and availability were positive features, whereas religious taboo, low self-confidence, and perceived cost were some of the negative factors that were discussed. Conclusion: This review emphasises the positive and negative aspects that have an impact on the acceptance of HPV self-sampling test among Muslim women. Identifying the elements that influence HPV self-sampling test acceptance will help policymakers to better understand cervical cancer screening programmes and further guide future plans in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer.
human papillomavirus
self-sampling
acceptance
Muslim women
Systematic review
2022
03
01
767
774
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90046_4b22bd390b2ecb8aa4a6d404886894e6.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Nurses’ Perceptions of Prognosis-Related Communication
Ahmad
Saleh
Introduction: Effective communication is an important aspect in providing health care. Communications optimize the patient-caregiver relationship and improve patient care and family and caregiver welfare. The main objective of this study was to explore nurses’ experience of prognosis-related communication (PRC). Methods: Phenomenological research design was used to do this study. A total of 248 members of the local oncology nursing association were invited to complete this online survey from January 2016 to March 2016. Then, focus groups were held to discuss and improve themes derived from the analysis of online written responses. Five focus groups were performed, each consisting of 6 to 8 participants. No new data were generated by the fifth focus group and data saturation was achieved. NVivo 11 was used to manage data and facilitate the development of themes. Results: The participants were almost female, with a mean nursing experience of 13 years and almost 8 years of working experience in oncology ward. Three themes were extracted following data analysis, namely the importance of collaboration, impact of PRC, and communication of prognostic information. One hundred and fifty nurses (60%) reported that they received no formal training or education about PRC. Conclusion: There is a need to improve the knowledge and attitude of physician toward engaging nurses in the process of PRC.
Communication regarding prognosis
Intra-professional collaboration
communication
2022
03
01
775
780
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90004_b0238f681cbc04b9f10db71fb34ebfbd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Association of Human Papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Infection with Tonsil Cancer in Northeastern Thailand
Chukkris
Heawchaiyaphum
Tipaya
Ekalaksananan
Natcha
Patarapadungkit
Patravoot
Vatanasapt
Chamsai
Pientong
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are associated with head and neck cancer, including tonsil cancer (TC) in the oropharyngeal area. Increasing incidence of HPV and EBV infection in different cancer tissues of oropharynx in both epithelial and lymphoid tissues, have been reported. However, little is known about association of these tumor viruses with TC in the Thai population. Here, we investigated the prevalence of HPV and EBV infection in different histology of TC and their association with TC from Thai patients. Methods: Eighty-three exfoliated tonsil cells from non-cancer controls (NCC) and 65 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded TC tissues (TC) that were histologically classified as tonsillar squamous-cell carcinoma (TSCC) or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were studied. Prevalence of HPV and EBV infection was determined by real-time PCR. HPV genotyping was performed by reverse line blot hybridization and HPV genome status was investigated by multiplex qPCR. Localization of EBV infection was determined by EBER in situ hybridization. Results: Infection of HPV and EBV in TC cases was 16.9% and 30.8%, whereas in exfoliated tonsil cells was 1.2% and 66.3% respectively. HPV infection was significantly higher in TSCC (30.6%) than DLBCL samples (13.8%). HPV58 was commonly detected and presented as an integrated form in TSCC, whereas only episomal form was found in DLBCL. EBV infection was significantly higher in DLBCL (44.8%) than TSCC samples (19.4%), and detected in both lower than among exfoliated tonsil cell samples (66.3%). By EBER in situ hybridization in TSCC, EBV infection localized both in epithelial cells and infiltrating lymphocytes. The co-occurrence of HPV and EBV infection was 11.11% and 13.79% of TSCC and DLBCL, respectively, was associated with well-differentiated TSCC. Conclusion: HPV and EBV infection was significantly involved in a specific TC tissue, and associated with a good clinical outcome in TSCC.
human papillomavirus
Epstein-Barr Virus
tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
2022
03
01
781
787
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90040_5ff899d3f21a78e74f6ce9ce923eb70f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Self-Efficacy to Obtain Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Indonesian Adolescent Girls
Wiwin
Lismidiati
Agnesta Veiga Ferdina
Hasyim
Ika
Parmawati
Anggi Lukman
Wicaksana
Objective: This study aimed to examine self-efficacy to obtain the HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in Indonesia. Furthermore, factors affecting HPV vaccination self-efficacy was investigated. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted 337 among adolescent girls in junior high school (aged 12-15 years). Participants were recruited from four junior high schools in Yogyakarta using consecutive sampling. A self-administered questionnaire requested demographic information, knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine and self-efficacy to obtain HPV vaccine. School teachers facilitate the data collection adolescent girls using the listed questionnaires. Data analysis used Pearson correlation, chi-squared tests and logistic regression analysis. Results: As many as 50.1% of the adolescent girls reported high self-efficacy to obtain HPV vaccine and 57.9% reported high knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccine. There were significant correlations between self-efficacy and age, vaccination experience, recommendation from health care providers, parental support, social persuasion and anxiety. Parental support contributed to almost 18 times (95% CI:3.837 - 83.648; p<0.0001) while social persuasion was nearly 9 times (95% CI: 3.875-20.011; p<0.0001) more likely to predict the self-efficacy to obtain HPV vaccination. Conclusion: Parental support and social persuasion significantly predict self-efficacy to obtain HPV vaccination. Parental support is the main factor in the decision making of adolescent to obtain HPV vaccination.
adolescence
Cervical cancer
human papillomavirus
Vaccination
self-efficacy
2022
03
01
789
794
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90005_b8d67f237815ba4ebe3e2d81b077ed68.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Effect of Sodium Butyrate on p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b, Class I HDACs (HDACs 1, 2, 3) Class II HDACs (HDACs 4, 5, 6), Cell Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction in Pancreatic Cancer AsPC-1 and Colon Cancer HCT-116 Cell Lines
Masumeh
Sanaei
Fraidoon
Kavoosi
Background: In higher eukaryotes, cell-cycle transitions are regulated by different cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and Cdk inhibitors (CKIs). CKIs include two groups, the Ink4 (p16INK4a, p15INK4b, p18INK4c, and p19INK4d) and the Cip/Kip (p21Cip1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2) families. The hyperactivity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is associated with cancer induction. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) such as sodium butyrate (NaBT) can inhibit HDAC activity resulting in apoptosis induction. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of sodium butyrate on p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b, class I HDACs (HDACs 1, 2, 3), and class II HDACs (HDACs 4, 5, 6), cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction in pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 and colon cancer HCT-116 cell lines. In fact, we want to know whether sodium butyrate can reactivate Ink4 and Cip/Kip families by HDACs inhibition. Materials and Methods: The AsPC-1 and HCT-116 cells were treated with sodium butyrate at different periods. Then, the MTT assay, cell apoptosis assay, and qRT-PCR were done to determine viability, apoptosis, and the relative expression level of the genes respectively. Results: The sodium butyrate increased p16INK4a, p14ARF, and p15INK4b and decreased class I and II HDACs significantly. Besides, HCT-116 cell was more sensitive to sodium butyrate in comparison to AsPC-1 cell. Conclusion: The sodium butyrate can reactivate the p16INK4a, p14ARF, and p15INK4b through inhibition of HDACs in AsPC-1 and HCT-116 cell lines.
Sodium butyrate
Tumor suppressor genes
cancer
2022
03
01
795
802
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90006_5a9e629efb7f8bbd096af107b4052d51.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Detection of TET2 Mutation in Patients with De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Mutation Analysis of 51 Iranian Patients
Zahra
Chehreghani
Mohammad Hadi
Sadeghian
Hossein
Ayatollahi
Parisa
Bagheri
Zahra
Zafari
Omid
Rezazadeh
Pourya
Arbab Jafari
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal disease that is considered to originate from hematopoietic stem cells, which are characterized by impaired myelopoiesis and blast proliferation. TET oncogene family member 2 (TET2) mutations are frequent in myeloid malignancies and several studies have assessed the clinical importance of TET2 mutations. However, its frequency ratio has not yet been fully clarified. Method: Hence, our study was aimed to analyze TET2mut in patients with de-novo AML and their association with clinical, molecular characteristics and Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha (CEBPA) and Wilms’ tumor protein (WT1) gene expression. Fifty-one Iranian patients were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing to evaluate TET2 mutations frequency. Results: Out of all patients, 10 mutations in 8 patients (15.6%) were detected and closely associated with higher age and higher hemoglobin levels (p-value <0.05). Although FLT3, NPM1 and CEBPA gene expression did not show any significant correlation with TET2mut, cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) patients appear to bear TET2mut more frequently with lower platelet counts. Monocyte-lineages leukemia has seemed to be more linked with TET2mut in these patients. Conclusion: Our study suggests the frequency of TET2mut in our study (15.6%) is in line with previous studies and reveals the critical role of TET2 in myeloid transformation, especially in leukemia with monocytic subtypes.
acute myeloid leukemia
TET2 mutation
sequencing
2022
03
01
803
806
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90007_81d15b130cb017bafac70f4cf0973eaa.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Determining Gastric Cancer-Related Risk Factors in Mongolian Population Using ABC(D) Method: A Matched Case-Control Study
Ganchimeg
Dondov
Tulgaa
Lonjid
Tegshjargal
Badamjav
Ulziisaikhan
Banzragch
Nasanjargal
Tumurbat
Dashmaa
Amarbayasgalan
Batchimeg
Batbaatar
Baljinnyam
Tuvdenjamts
Bayar
Davaa
Batbold
Batsaikhan
Objective: We aimed to identify gastric cancer-related risk factors and evaluate the efficacy of screening ABC(D) method in determining high risk gastric cancer individuals in Mongolian population. Methods: A total of 240 participants (120 gastric cancer patients and 120 healthy individuals) were included in this study. Data were collecting using a structured questionnaire consisting of 56 questions covering 5 categories. Serum Helicobacter pylori IgG (H. pylori IgG), pepsinogen I (PGI), and pepsinogen II (PGII) were tested in one third of all the participants (40 gastric cancer patients and 40 controls). PGI, PGII, and H. pylori IgG levels were measured using GastroPanel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Biohit, Helsinki, Finland). Results: Habits of having leftover meals (OR 2.22, 95%CI 1.27-3.86, p<0.01), daily consumption of tea with salt (OR 1.97, 95%CI 1.18-3.30, p<0.01), smoking on an empty stomach (OR 2.44, 95%CI 1.11-5.37, p<0.05), daily consumption of vegetables (OR 0.45, 95%CI 0.27-0.76, p<0.01), and daily consumption of fruit juice (OR 0.36, 95%CI 0.15-0.85, p<0.05), family history of gastric cancer (parents OR 2.88, 95%CI 1.07-7.78, p<0.05, siblings (OR 3.09, 95%CI 1.09-8.81, p<0.05), and history of gastric diseases (OR 3.65, 95%CI 2.10-6.35, p<0.0001) were identified as protective factors. A low PGI level (<35.25ng/ml) and low PGI/II ratio (<4) were associated with gastric cancer risk. According to ABC(D) method, groups C and D had higher proportion of gastric cancer cases than group A and B (group C, OR 7.50, 95%CI 1.20-47.05, p<0.05; group D, OR 8.3, 95%CI 1.33-51.26, p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that gastric cancer risk was more closely related to eating habits, smoking, family history, and precancerous lesions. ABC(D) method seems to be a plausible alternative or supplementary method for stratifying patients at high risk of gastric cancer in this country.
abcd method
Cancer risk
H.pylori
pepsinogen
screening cancer
2022
03
01
807
813
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90008_c7ecf1e4cea67f22c8dfd320af6ddd9d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Knowledge, Awareness, and Practices of University Students Toward the Role of Dietary and Lifestyle Behaviors in Colorectal Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study from Sharjah/UAE
Mona
Hashim
Dana N.
Abdelrahim
Shatha
Ahmed
Besma
Tahir
Mariam
Youssef
Joud
Mousannef
Moza
Almazrouei
Farah
Naja
Nabeel
Al-Yateem
Syed
Rahman
Moez Al Islam
Faris
Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has risen worldwide, with increasing prevalence in the UAE and GCC during the last few decades. Dietary and lifestyle behaviors play a pivotal role in the development and prevention of sporadic, with knowledge and awareness considered the first line of defence. Knowledge, awareness, and practices have been examined in different parts of the world, with scarce research have been conducted in the GCC countries and the UAE in particular. This study explored the UAE university student’s knowledge and awareness toward the role of dietary and lifestyle behaviors in CRC. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, using an online multi-component self-reported questionnaire. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used. Results: A total of 1213 students participated in the study, with the vast majority (92.7%) of the surveyed students reported good knowledge scores toward CRC risk factors. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found between the two sexes regarding dietary and lifestyle factors associated with CRC. Females consumed more vegetables compared to males, had lower intakes of red and processed meats, and were found to be fewer smokers. Being single (P= 0.0001), undergraduate (P=0.005), with medium to low income (P=0.026) all were significantly associated with increased risk of having poor knowledge about CRC, while being a medical student was significantly associated (P= 0.0001) with a 55% lower risk of having poor knowledge. Conclusion: Despite the good knowledge, university students’ dietary and lifestyle behaviors necessities improvement, with barriers that require to be addressed.
Awareness, Dietary behaviors, Knowledge
Lifestyle behaviors, University students
2022
03
01
815
822
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90009_7ee7e8442f81172060dad44dc658f683.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Clinical Implication of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) Polymorphisms in Adult Patients with Acute B-cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Salah
Aref
Alshaimaa
Abdelmaksoud
Sherin
Abdellaziz
Ahmed
Al Tantawy
Mohamed
Mabed
Doaa
Atia
Backgrounds: Neutropenia after intensive chemotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) could lead to infectious complications that affect outcome of acute leukemia patients. Many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can affect the genetic susceptibility to infections. We investigated the impact of different SNPs on the incidence of developing sepsis and pneumonia in patients with newly diagnosed B-ALL following induction chemotherapy. Subjects and methods: We analyzed three SNPs in the TLR2 (Arg753Gln) and TLR4 (Asp299Gly& Thr399Ile) genes using polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in a case control study of 40 precursor B-ALL patients and 50 control subjects. The risk of developing sepsis and pneumonia were assessed by multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The presence of the TLR-2 AG polymorphism was significantly associated with pneumonia in B-ALL patients. Furthermore, TLR4 Thr399Ile AG was a risk factor for sepsis in B-ALL patients. Moreover; Significant association between TLR-2 AA, TLR-4 CC and TL-4 AA genotypes and longer OS were detected in studied B-ALL patients. Conclusion: We concluded that TLR-4 (AG and CT) genotypes are associated with high susceptibility to sepsis and pneumonia respectively; while, TLR-2, TLR-4 AA and TLR-4 CC genotypes could predict good B-ALL patients outcome.
TLR-2
TLR-4
SNP
B-ALL
2022
03
01
823
828
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90010_34dea0ff812a9b1ee266f1dbb4bccd26.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Twelve Years Implementation of Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening Program in Indonesia
Mugi
Wahidin
Rini
Febrianti
Frides
Susanty
Sri
Hasanah
Objective: The study aimed to measure achievement of the national program of cervical and breast cancer screening in Indonesia after 12 years implementation and factors associated with the number of the screening. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytic analysis. Secondary data was collected from Directorate of Non Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health. Results: From 2007 to 2018, the program was implemented in all 34 provinces, at 51% primary health centers (PHC) with 3 providers each. Total women aged 30-50 years screened was 3,664,625 (9.8% of the target). The number rose gradually from 2007 to 2014, with significant increase from 2015 to 2018. Bali province had the highest coverage (31%) and Papua had the lowest (1%). We found a wide disparity of coverage among provinces. There was 3.4% of VIA-positive, 16.1% was treated with cryotherapy, 1.3 per 1,000 of suspected cervical cancer, 5,4% lump in the breast, and 0.7 per 1,000 suspected breast cancer. Factors associated with number of the screening were number of PHC providing screening, number of GP, total provider, number of NCD post, number of Village with NCD Post, and income of the province. Conclusion: The cervical and breast cancer screening program was running in all provinces in more than half of primary health centers in Indonesia. National coverage (9.8%) was far below the target and varied widely among provinces. Number of PHC with screening services, number of GP, number of total provider, number of NCD post, number of Village with NCD Post, and income of the province have association with cervical and breast cancer screening.
Cervical cancer
breast cancer
cancer screening
VIA
Indonesia
2022
03
01
829
837
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90018_e27facdf4cd2c39260de60b34068d853.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Markers in HCVAssociated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multivariate Follow Up Study
Thanaa
Helal
Ahmed
Aref
Asmaa
Gomaa
Ola
Nada
Mohamed
Abd-Elghaffar
Khaled
Farouk
Nermine
Ehsan
Objective: Validated markers to predict recurrence after surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are needed. Little data is available regarding epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in HCC. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of EMT markers and their correlation with clinicopathological variables and survival in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated HCC. Methods: This longitudinal study included 109 cases of HCV-associated HCC treated with surgical resection. Nine different EMT markers (vimentin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Stat3, Snail1, Slug, Twist1, Zeb1 and integrin α5) were evaluated on liver tissue from HCC cases. Twenty fresh HCC samples from the studied cases were used for gene expression of EMT markers by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: EMT markers expression was 71%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 9%, 4%, 72%, 47%, 87% for vimentin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Stat3 snail1, slug, twist1, Zeb1 and integrin α5 respectively. EMT mRNA in HCC tissues correlated with protein expression by 50-70%. Vimentin was independent predictor of large tumor size (P=0.001), high risk of recurrence (HRR) (P=0.006) and shorter disease free survival (P=0.03) in multivariate analysis. Reduced E-cadherin was a predictor of HRR (P=0.002). Conclusion: Vimentin and E-cadherin were the most powerful prognostic EMT markers in HCV-associated HCC in prediction of recurrence.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Prognosis
HCV
2022
03
01
839
849
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90019_7e4a86fca68f2d55f8e37315bf0a89b4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
The Clinical Practice Adopted by Physiotherapists in Managing Head and Neck Cancer Subjects within the United Arab Emirates: A Survey
Gopal
Krishna Alaparthi
Kalyana
Bairappareddy
Omran
Adil Al Bannay
Murtadha
Massod Abdulrasool
Hanna
Kassem
Ahad
Fahad Al Zahrani
Asma
Mohammad Ali
May
Tamim Mohammed
Background: Globally, cancer is one of the main causes of death. Nonetheless, the estimate for Middle Eastern countries is high and rising. Furthermore, there is a paucity of evidence on effective rehabilitation measures for treatment of cancer patients, particularly head and neck cancer patients. As a result, the purpose of this study is to enlist current physical therapy clinical practice adopted by physiotherapists for the assessment and treatment of patients with head and neck cancer in United Arab Emirates. Methodology: A total of 100 survey questionnaires were sent via e-mail to physical therapists across the United Arab Emirates ‘s oncology rehabilitation centers for this cross-sectional study. Physical therapists having a valid license and at least one year of experience treating patients with head and neck cancer were included in the study. The collected responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The total questionnaires generated a response rate of 56% of the targeted population. A percentage of 67% of the survey marked “Always or Frequently” by more than 50% of responders. Components aiming at the musculoskeletal system in both assessment and management were used more than those targeting the cardiopulmonary system. Functional capacity and Quality of Life measures were not given as much attention however 50% of responders reported using the Fatigue and Severity Scale (FSS). Mobilization was notably marked in management, especially Upper Extremity Training which was utilized by 86.4% of responders. Educational tips components all ranged around 40-60% except for Breathing Exercise which peaked at 85.7% of the responders. Discussion and Conclusion: Assessment measures predominantly focused on functional impairment measures of the upper limb, including functions related to mandible, tongue, mouth opening, and neck movement. Treatment patterns on the other hand predominantly centred on functionally related exercises as upper limb training, breathing exercises, and facial muscle exercise.
cancer rehabilitation
functional capacity
head and neck cancer
impairment measures
physiotherapy clinical practice
2022
03
01
851
860
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90020_25ab985d950ea168c6d26d40d8a9151b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Trans-Lycopene and β-Cryptoxanthin Intake and Stomach Cancer in Vietnamese Men: A Pilot Case-Control Study
Khanpaseuth
Sengngam
Tran Hieu
Hoc
Dao Viet
Hang
Le
Tran Ngoan
Objective: To examine the association between dietary intake of Trans-Lycopene and β-Cryptoxanthin and stomach cancer in Vietnamese men. Methods: A case-control study including 80 male incident stomach cancer cases and 146 male controls was performed in a general hospital in Viet Nam. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency (SQFFQ) and demographic lifestyle questionnaire were designed, and venous blood samples were collected to determine H. pylori status by IgG ELISA. Nutrient intake was converted using the data of SQFFQ and the Nutritive Composition Table of Vietnamese Foods, updated in 2019. The respective associations between Trans-Lycopene and β-Cryptoxanthin intake and stomach cancer were examined using unconditional logistic regression analysis with adjustments for possible cofactors. Results: Both Trans-Lycopene and β-Cryptoxanthin intake and stomach cancer showed a significantly inverse association, tertile-3 versus tertile-1, (OR = 0.15, 95%CI: 0.06–0.35, p trend = 0.00) and (OR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.14–0.79, p trend = 0.02, respectively). For Trans-Lycopene intake stratifying by H. pylori status remained the benefit effect against stomach cancer among H. pylori-negative participants (OR = 0.15, 95%CI: 0.03–0.69, p trend = 0.02) and H. pylori-positive participants (OR = 0.13, 95%CI: 0.04–0.42, p trend = 0.00). Conclusions: Both Trans-Lycopene and β-Cryptoxanthin intake showed a strong protective effect against stomach cancer. The findings suggest that these two types of fat-soluble micronutrients would be considered as an anti-cancer therapy for both primary and secondary prevention.
stomach cancer
Helicobacter pylori
Trans-Lycopene and β -Cryptoxanthin intake
2022
03
01
861
865
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90011_26d382882603144d50da1814b05c994c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Atorvastatin Inhibits Viability and Migration of MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells
Reyhaneh
Abolghasemi
Somayeh
Ebrahimi-Barough
Naghmeh
Bahrami
Jafar
Ai
Objective: Atorvastatin is commonly used as a lipid lowering drug. The emerging interest in statins as anticancer agents is based on their pleiotropic effects on cancer cells. Among the statins, atorvastatin, and in cancers, breast malignancies have received less attention in preclinical investigations. In order to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment, adjuvant, less expensive therapeutic strategies have been recently noticed. In this case, we investigated the in-vitro effect of atorvastatin on viability and migration of MCF7 breast cancer cell line. Methods: We tested the cytotoxicity of atorvastatin on breast cancer cells survival by MTT assay. Annexin-V / PI staining and then flow cytometry of cancer cells in addition to quantitative real-time PCR tests quantified the apoptosis and necrosis of cancer cells. We figured out the impact of atorvastatin on cancer cell migration capability through scratch-wound healing assay and transwell migration examination. Inverted light microscope and fluorescent imaging displayed the morphological changes following treatment of MCF7 cells with atorvastatin. Result: We resulted that atorvastatin can trigger MCF7 cancer cells to undergo necrosis and caspase-dependent apoptosis based on the viable/dead cell number, mitotic cell cycle, gene expression, and morphological assays. The results were dose- and time-dependent and the half- maximal inhibitory concentration of atorvastatin for cancer cells’ viability inhibition was 9.1 μM/L(nM/mL). Moreover, the migration of MCF7 cells were inhibited in the treated group as we figured out in two- and three-dimensional migration methods. Conclusion:In-vitro inspection of drug-cancer cell interactions paves the way for future in-vivo research studies. These in-vitro results revealed that atorvastatin has anti-viability and anti-migration effects on breast cancer cells.
Statin
MCF7Cell line
migration
Apoptosis
2022
03
01
867
875
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90021_40c980f73305c8681f76a16894ad8838.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Differential Expression of Zinc-Dependent HDAC Subtypes and their Involvement in Unique Pathways Associated with Carcinogenesis
Shweta
Ukey
Abhilash
Ramteke
Chinmayee
Choudhury
Purvi
Purohit
Praveen
Sharma
Objective: The present study aims to identify the effect of ZnHDACs expression on the survival of the patients. Further, reveal the unique and common genes associated with each ZnHDACs and their associated pathways. Methods: The patient data was obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database and was analyzed using cBioportal and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2(GEPIA2) online tools. Protein-protein interactions and functional interactomic analysis were done using STRING, DAVID, and KEGG pathway databases. Results: HDAC1, 2, 8, 11 were over-expressed and, HDAC4, 5, 6, 7, and 10 were down-regulated in all the cancer types, but there are few exceptional expression patterns such as HDAC7 and HDAC10 overexpression in HNSC, HDAC3 down-regulation in LUAD, and PRAD. The unique genes interacting with each ZnHDACs provided a better understanding of ZnHDAC’s putative role in carcinogenesis. The present study reported that JARID2, stem cell regulation gene uniquely interacts with HDAC1, BPTF-CHRAC-BAZIA axis, enzymes for chromatin modeling selectively interacting with only HDAC2, HDAC3 in H2A acetylation via DMAP1 and YEATS4. HDAC6 associated unique genes regulate protein stability, HDAC7 in subnuclear localization and splicing, HDAC8 in telomere maintenance, HDAC9 in chromosomal rearrangements, and HDAC11 in maintaining histone core and folding. Conclusion: The unique genes and pathways associated with a particular ZnHDACs could provide a wide window for interrogating these genes for obtaining putative drug targets.
HDAC subtype selectivity
TCGA
survival analyses
Interactomics
functional enrichment
2022
03
01
877
883
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90022_cd8af7e9479972a34c63e983319f1717.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
A Study of Cytokeratin-7 Expression and Clinicopathological Correlation in Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix
Nandakishore
Alva N
Samyuktha
A
Prasanna
Shetty
Vijaya
Mysorker
Objectives: Cytokeratin (CK) proteins play a vital role in cancer diagnosis, of which,CK-7 is a prominent marker of squamocolumnar junction cells corresponding to the the initiating site of cervical cancer.The current study is aimed to evaluate the expression pattern of CK-7 and to corelate with the clinicopathological features in patients with cervical dysplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Methodology: The hysterectomy and biopsy specimens from women with cervical dysplasia (n=60) and carcinoma (n=60) were evaluated histopathologically and processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining to assess for CK-7 expression. The relationship between CK-7 expression and tumor characteristics like histological type of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), tumor type and grade was evaluated. Data was analyzed using the Chi-square test ,wherein the p value ≤ 0.05 were taken for statistical significance. Results: Positive CK-7 expression was observed in 25 (41.67%) dysplasia and in 34 (56.67%) carcinoma cases. Majority of the cases were CIN III (n=31, 51.67%), large cell non-keratinizing tumor type (n=54, 90%) and moderately differentiated grade of tumor (n=52, 86.67%), out of which 18 (58.1%), 34 (62.96%) and 30 (57.69%) cases were CK-7 positive, respectively. The difference in clinical diagnosis and tumor characteristics over CK-7 expression was significant (p<0.05). The pattern of CK-7 expression in dysplasia and carcinoma cases were diffuse in 23 (38.33%) and 31 (51.67%) respectively and patchy in 2 (3.33%) and 3 (5%) of them, respectively. Conclusion: Significant positive CK-7 expression in cervical dysplasia and carcinoma indicates a good clinical course and its role as a useful predictable marker for cancer progression.
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
immunohistochemistry
Keratins
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
2022
03
01
885
891
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90042_d2f39b617a81ad19a3595cf8f46ccd26.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Study of Diagnostic Delay among Symptomatic Breast Cancer Patients in Northern India: A Mixed-Methods Analysis from a Dedicated Breast Cancer Centre
Ankit
Rai
Prateek
Sharda
Pradeep
Aggarwal
Bina
Ravi
Objective: We conducted this study to understand the factors that contribute to the delay in diagnosis of symptomatic breast cancer patients. Methodology: We did a prospective analytical study with both quantitative and qualitative components over 14 months. The total delay in diagnosis of breast cancer from first symptom onset was defined as diagnostic delay. Presentation delay was defined as the time duration between the first symptom and the first visit to a health care provider. Provider delay was defined as the time duration between the presentation to a health care provider and the final diagnosis. Three hundred female breast cancer patients with a diagnostic delay of at least 3 months were interviewed using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Results: We found that more than 50% of patients with delayed presentation were between 30-50 years of age. Painless breast lump was the most common initial symptom. More than 70% of patients presented with locally advanced and metastatic disease. The patient-related delay was more common than provider delay. Breast cancer awareness (p = 0.040) and reasons for delay (p = 0.014) were found to significantly influence the delay. More than 70% of patients reported their symptoms to male members of their families. Conclusion: Breast cancer awareness is the single most important determinant influencing diagnostic delay among symptomatic patients.
breast cancer
Diagnosis
delay
2022
03
01
893
904
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90023_c86ae9d367557cdca53004fc9b89bada.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Segmentation of CT Lung Images Using FCM with Active Contour and CNN Classifier
Malathi
M
Sinthia
P
Madhanlal
U
Mahendrakan
K
Nalini
M
Objective: Lung cancer is one of the unsafe diseases for human which reduces the patient life time. Generally, most of the lung cancers are identified after it has been spread into the lung parts and moreover it is difficult to find the lung cancer at the early stage. It requires radiologist and special doctors to find the tumoral tissue of the lung cancer. For this reason, the recommended work helps to segment the tumoral tissue of CT lung image in an effective way. Methods: The research work uses hybrid segmentation technique to separate the lung cancer cells to diagnose the lung tumour. It is a technique which combines active contour along with Fuzzy c means to diagnose the tumoral tissue. Further the segmented portion was trained by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in order to classify the segmented region as normal or abnormal. Results: The evaluation of the proposed method was done by analyzing the results of test image with the ground truth image. Finally, the results of the implemented technique provided good accuracy, Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE) value. In future the other techniques can be utilized to improve the details before segmentation. The proposed work provides 96.67 % accuracy. Conclusion: Hybrid segmentation technique involves several steps like preprocessing, binarization, thresholding, segmentation and feature extraction using GLCM.
Lung cancer
Computer Tomography (CT)
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
FCM Fuzzy c means Algorithm
Acive Contour Segmentation
2022
03
01
905
910
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90013_92a3d17c1c64f991d1ff5feca0050f9a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Antiproliferative Effects of Curcumin Different Types of Breast Cancer
Goksu
Guneydas
Mehmet R
Topcul
Objective: Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women. Turmeric is isolated from Curcuma longa. Curcumin is main curcuminoid of the turmeric which is a member of Zingiberaceae. In this current study antiproliferative effects of curcumin were investigated in luminal A breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Methods: For this purpose cell viability, cell index values by xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analysis DP instrument, mitotic index and apoptotic index analysis were used. Results: Cell viability and cell index values showed that 75 µM concentration of curcumin was IC50 concentration. When IC50 concentration was applied to both cell lines, a significant decrease was observed in the mitotic index values, while a significant increase was observed in the apoptotic index values (p<0.05). Conclusion: Curcumin, which has antiproliferative effects on breast cancer cells, is thought to be effective in cancer treatment.
curcumin
breast cancer
Cell kinetics
xCelligence
2022
03
01
911
917
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90024_34a6cc208b3344583fbb67b180560f18.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Design and Development of Nanostructured Co Delivery of Artemisinin and Chrysin for Targeting hTERT Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Line: Possible Clinical Application in Cancer Treatment
Leila
khoshravan Azar
Mehdi
Dadashpour
Mehrdad
Hashemi
Nosratollah
Zarghami
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most significant causes of female cancer death worldwide. To explore the possibility of a novel chemo-preventive strategy for improving breast cancer treatment, the anticancer effects of two natural compounds, Artemisinin (Art) and Chrysin (Chr), against T47D breast cancer cells were investigated. Methods: For this purpose, Art and Chr were co-encapsulated in PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) and the synthesized NPs were characterized by FE-SEM, FTIR, and DLS and then, MTT assay was used to assess and compare the cytotoxicity of various concentrations of the chemotheruptic molecules in pure and nanoformulated forms as well as in alone and combination state after 48 h exposure time. Drug release study was performed using the dialysis method. Also, the mRNA levels of hTERT genes expression were studied by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The results showed that pure and formulations drugs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against T47D cells and especially, Art/Chr–PLGA/PEG NPs had a more synergistic anti-proliferative effect and significantly arrested the growth of cancer cells than the other groups. Moreover, Real-time PCR results revealed that Art, Chr and combination of Art–Chr in pure and encapsulated forms inhibited hTERT gene expression. Conclusions: It was found that Art/Chr–PLGA/PEG NPs relative to pure combination could further decline hTERT expression in all concentrations. Our study demonstrated that Art/Chr-PLGA/PEG NPs based combinational therapy holds promising potential for the treatment of breast cancer.
breast cancer
Combination therapy
Artimicinin
Chrysin
hTERT
2022
03
01
919
927
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90025_6c5f0c198f5246b780b7502dce183496.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Endocan-microvascular Density in Primary Ovarian Carcinoma
Farahlina
Baba
Aidy Irman
Yajid
Siti Norasikin
Mohd Nafi
Siti Azrin
Ab Hamid
Wan Nor Asyikeen
Wan Adnan
Nur Asyilla
Che Jalil
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer is among the leading causes of death in women and is driven by angiogenesis. Microvascular density (MVD) can be used to evaluate angiogenesis in carcinomas and thus it can be used as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer. This study is aimed to establish the association between endocan-MVD with clinicopathological factors in primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: The clinicopathological characteristics were acquired from the medical records filed between January 2008 and December 2018 of 89 epithelial ovarian cancer cases in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. Sectioned samples were analyzed for endocan through immunohistochemistry followed by the quantification of MVD. The association between clinicopathological characteristics and endocan-MVD was analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test and Fischer’s exact test. Results: All cases of epithelial ovarian carcinomas were positive for endocan. The mean ± standard deviation value of endocan-MVD level was 21.6±14.60 microvessels per 200x field. A total of 53 (59.6%) cases had low and 36 (40.04%) had high endocan-MVD values. High endocan-MVD level had a significant association with the older age group (p-value = 0.009), smaller tumor size (p-value<0.001), type II tumor (p-value<0.001), high-grade tumor (p-value<0.001), advanced FIGO stage (p-value=0.002), and presence of tumor recurrence (p-value=0.017). No significant association was found between endocan-MVD and the other clinicopathological characteristics such as race, pre-operative serum CA-125 level, presence of diabetes mellitus, endometriosis, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, and family history of malignancy. Conclusion: Endocan-MVD showed a significant association with age, tumor size, tumor type, tumor grade, FIGO stage, and recurrence in primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Thus, endocan-MVD could be implemented as a reliable marker to predict prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer in the future.
Endocan-microvascular density
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Angiogenesis
2022
03
01
929
935
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90014_864cee7f434a6d08839c326cef5c3282.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Design and Process of Implementation Mobile Application Based Modular Training on Early Detection of Cancers (M-OncoEd) for Primary Care Physicians in India
Regi
Jose
Sujha
Subramanian
Paul
Augustine
Sankaranarayanan
Rengaswamy
Zinia
Nujum
Bipin
Gopal
Veena
Saroji
Resmi
Samadasi
Susanna
John
Meghana
Narendran
Anoop
Lal
Rajamohanan
Pillai
Background: Early detection of curable cancers is a cost-effective way to address the cancer care burden of low- and middle-income countries and active engagement of primary care physicians using mobile technology can have a significant impact on cancer outcomes in a short time. Aims: To describe the process of mHealth study; Oncology Education and Training for Providers using Mobile Phones which developed a mobile application (M-OncoEd) to educate physicians on approaches to early detection of curable cancers. It also aims to describe how the insight gained through qualitative research by the researchers was used in the design and implementation of the project. Methodology: Qualitative research methods were used in all the phases of the study. Phenomenology was used in the formative phase with three expert meetings, two Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and five In-depth Interviews (IDI), and during the implementation stage with two FGDs, three IDI, and five informal discussions. Observations: The majority of curable cancers are detected at a late stage and poorly managed in India, and active engagement of primary care physicians can have a significant impact on cancer outcomes. There is a lack of knowledge and skills for early detection of cancers among consultants and physicians and this can be attributed to the training gap. M-OncoEd was a need-based well designed engaging learning platform to educate primary care physicians on Breast, Cervical, and Oral Cancer early detection. It was found to be very useful by the beneficiaries and made them more confident for early detection of cancers from the community. Conclusions: This research study could design a need-based, cost-effective mobile-based learning tool for primary care physicians using the expertise and experience of the experts in cancer care using qualitative methods.
mHealth
Early Detection of Cancer
Oncology training
Implementation research
2022
03
01
937
945
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90012_eceb09b7af4e93da73ecc887401a59de.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Comparison between Single Versus Twice Application of Topical 85% Trichloroacetic Acid in the Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia; A Randomized Clinical Trial on Efficacy and Tolerability
Haleh
Ayatollahi
Solmaz
Ershadimoghaddam
Siamak
Naji
Zahra
Yekta
Zahra
Jalali
Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of up to two-time administration of 85% TCA, as a promising alternative therapy to conservative and surgical management of grade one to three CINs. Methods: In this two-armed randomized clinical trial, a total of 53 patients with biopsy-proven CIN lesions were allocated to two groups of TCA treatment. The first group (n=26) received a single dose of local therapy with 85% TCA while the second group (n=27) was treated on two separate occasions with a two-week interval. Two participants (one in each group) were lost to follow-up. At the two-month follow-up after TCA application, a colposcopy-guided biopsy was performed for all patients and the pathological specimens were studied by a single experienced pathologist to determine the post-intervention grading of CIN. Results: Two groups were comparable in terms of age and base-line lesion grading, as CIN 1 lesions comprised the majority of cases (54%), followed by CIN 2(37%). While our sample was a poor representative of CIN3 lesions (7%), no significant difference was noticed between the single and twice TCA treated groups with a response rate of 52% and 54% respectively (either complete remission to normal histology or regression to any low-grade lesion). Either separate analysis (with respect to the base-line grading within each treatment group) or combined analysis (regardless of CIN sub-group) could not generate any statistical significance. The second dose of TCA did not increase the frequency of reported adverse events. Conclusion: The second dose of topical 85% TCA does not seem to increase the CIN response rate more so than its single dose. However, further controlled clinical trials with larger samples are warranted to verify current findings. The use of TCA was not limited by any major side effect, therefore, the potential to achieve an increased efficacy with more frequent TCA applications is appealing.
colposcopy
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Trichloroacetic Acid
human papillomavirus
2022
03
01
947
952
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90026_063406cf505cc1ad19adddfb9adf9dc6.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Colorectal Cancer Mortality in Kazakhstan: Spatio-Temporal Epidemiological Assessment
Dana
Mauyenova
Askhat
Axarin
Zhansaya
Telmanova
Aida
Baibusunova
Zarina
Bilyalova
Gulnur
Igissinova
Zhanar
Bukeyeva
Akmaral
Zhantureyeva
Zhanar
Kozhakhmetova
Yerlan
Kuandykov
Gaukhar
Nurtazinova
Serikbay
Orazbayev
Saken
Kozhakhmetov
Indira
Kudaibergenova
Alireza
Mosavi Jarrahi
Nurbek
Igissinov
Objective: The aim is to study the trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality in Kazakhstan. Methods: The retrospective study was done using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. The extensive, crude and age-specific mortality rates are determined according to the generally accepted methodology used in sanitary statistics. Results: CRC mortality in Kazakhstan is considered to be increasing. Therefore, this study (for the period 2009-2018) was undertaken to retrospectively evaluate data across the country available from the central registration bureau. Age standardized data for mortality was generated and compared across age groups. It was determined that during the studied period 15,200 died of this pathology. During the studied years an average age of the dead made 69.8 years (95%CI=69.5-70.0). The average annual standardized mortality rate was 10.2 per 100,000, and in dynamics tended to decrease. Peak of mortality was noted in aged 60-84 years. Trends in age-related mortality rates had a pronounced tendency to increase in 30-34 years (T=+11.7%, R2=0.7980) and to decrease in 75-79 years (T=–16.4%, R2=0.8881). In many regions, there is a decrease in the number of deaths. During the compilation of cartograms, mortality rates were determined on the basis of standardized indicators: low – up to 8.9, average – from 8.9 to 11.5, high – above 11.5 per 100,000 for the entire population. In addition, all calculations were made taking into account age-sex differences.Conclusion: Trends in mortality from CRC in recent years have decreased from 11.2 to 7.7 per 100,000 of the total population, while the trend is stable (T=−3.6%, R2=0.8745). The study of regional mortality has theoretical and practical significance: monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of early detection and treatment of detected pathology. Health authorities should take into account the results obtained when organizing anti-cancer measures.
colorectal cancer
mortality
Trends
age dependence
Kazakhstan
2022
03
01
953
960
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90027_961810c57b302a0056524d0481dcd40c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Evaluation of KISS1 Receptor Gene Expression in Egyptian Female Patients with Breast Cancer
Salwa
Gomaa
Moyassar
Zaki
Mohamed
Sultan
Fatma
Dwedar
Eman Hassan
Elzain Zidan
Objective: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. Many metastasis suppressor genes were identified, including the KISS1 gene which encodes for a 145 amino acid protein (kisspeptin-145), which undergoes proteolytic cleavage resulting in kisspeptin-14, -13 and -10. All of these proteins can activate KISS1 receptor (KISS1R). The role of KP/KISS1R signaling in breast cancer remains controversial. The present study aimed to measure mRNA gene expression of KISS1 receptor in healthy and cancerous breast tissue and to evaluate the association of its level with the available molecular subtypes and the traditional clinico-pathological variables. Methods: The study was done on 41 operable primary breast cancer patients. Biopsies from both tumor tissue and surrounding healthy mammary tissue were taken from all patients. KISS1R mRNA expression level was measured using a quantitative real time PCR. Results: KISS1R mRNA expression was significantly higher in stage III patients compared to stage II patients. At a cut-off value for KISS1R mRNA expression of 1.75, stage II was discriminated from stage III. A significant positive correlation was found between KISS1R mRNA expression and tumor size as well as lymph nodes metastasis. KISS1R mRNA was highly expressed in ER negative cases compared to ER positive ones, and in PR negative cases compared to PR positive ones. There was a statistically significant difference in KISS1R mRNA expression levels and different molecular subtypes being over-expressed in HER2 and triple negative cancer cases. Conclusion: This study supports other studies suggesting that KISS1/KISS1R may not be acting as a metastasis suppressor in breast cancer. KISS1R mRNA is over expressed in advanced stages of breast cancer and hence it can be used as a prognostic marker for aggressiveness of breast cancer. Also being over expressed in triple negative patients, KISS1R could represent a promising therapeutic target in triple negative cases.
breast cancer
molecular subtypes
KISS1R
Metastasis Promotor
2022
03
01
961
969
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90041_060058c4e84866221641d96b4f8de047.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Association of Proliferative Activity in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Breast in Pakistani Population
Nausheen
Henna
Abdul
Rehman
Farah
Niazi
Waqas
Sami
Uzma
Aslam
Background: Personalized medicine has played very important role in management of breast cancer. Proliferative index is one among the prognostic and predictive factor but unfortunately due to varied reports , no definite consensus and routine medical practice has been approved for it. The objective of the study is to observe the association of Ki-67 index using St. Gallen Conference criteria in invasive ductal carcinoma breast in Pakistani Population. Methods: Eighty-three patients with confirmed light microscopic diagnosis of primary invasive ductal carcinoma were recruited in this prospective study . Expression of Ki67 was determined by classifying as low (<15%) and high (>15%) Ki67 in tumour. Statistical analysis was performed to observe the association of Ki-67 with clinicopathological parameters and molecular group (i.e., Luminal A, Luminal B, Her2 enriched and triple negative). Results: Out of 83 patients, 73.5% of patients showed >15% Ki67 (p value <0.001). High expression of Ki 67 (>15%) was observed in 3.6%, 21.7% and 48.2 % of Nottingham grade I, II and III (p value=0.017) respectively. Among molecular group, high expression of Ki67 was observed 20.5% in Luminal A, 9.6% in Luminal B, 15.7% in Her2 enriched and 27.7% in triple negative groups (p= 0.017). There was no significant association observed in expression of Ki 67 among lymph node stage, tumour stage and Nottingham prognostic index. Conclusion: Higher Ki-67 reactivity is usually associated with higher-grade morphology of tumour. It can act as an independent predictor in assessment of tumour behavior. However, larger validation clinical studies are still required for confirmation of its importance and for routine practice.
Breast carcinoma
Ki-67 antigen
Prognosis
Tumour grading
Triple-negative breast cancer
2022
03
01
971
975
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90043_0e17024adf1852280a1ff7569a0f89e5.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
High Frequency of ASXL1 and IDH Mutations in Young Acute Myeloid Leukemia Egyptian Patients
Yasser
El Nahass
Heba
Nader
Salwa
Sabet
Hend
Nooh
Heba
Bassiony
Mahmoud
Kamel
Mohamed
Samra
Hossam
Mahmoud
Wafaa
El Metnawy
Fatma
El Refaey
Background: Prognostication of AML patients depends on association of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. We aimed to evaluate the frequency and prognostic significance of Additional Sex comb’s Like1 (ASXL1), Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) and Casitas B- lineage Lymphoma (CBL) mutations in AML assessing their association with different cytogenetic risk category. Methods: We used High Resolution Melting (HRM) technology that detects small differences in PCR amplified sequences by direct melting using EvaGreen saturating dye to analyze epigenetic mutations in 70 denovo AML patients. Results: Median age of AML patients was 39.5 years (18-75). ASXL1, IDH and CBL mutations were detected in 14 (20%), 10 (14%) and 5 (7%) patients, respectively. Mean age of ASXL1 and IDH mutants vs. wild type was 35.9±14.6 years and 42.9±14.4 years (p=0.114) and 46.7±15.2 years vs. 40.6±14.5 years (p=0.290), respectively. AML cytogenetic risk groups included low (25/70, 36%), intermediate (33/70, 47%) and high-risk (12/70, 17%). Nine/14 (64%) ASXL1 and 8/10 (80%) IDH mutants were classified as intermediate risk and 9 ASXL1 positive (64%) were adolescent and young adults (AYA). Overall survival (OS) of mutant ASXL1 vs. wild type was 1.1 years (95% CI 0.83-1.4) vs. 1.9 years (95% CI 0.71-7.51), respectively (p=0.056). OS of mutant IDH vs. wild type was 1.25 years (95% CI 0.85-1.6) vs. 1.8 years (95% CI 1.2-6.7), respectively (p=0.020). In intermediate risk cytogenetic group, ASXL1 and IDH mutants had shorter OS than wild type; 1.1 years (95% CI 0.97-1.2) vs. 2.1 years (95% CI 0.14-10.8) (p=0.002) and 1.8 years (95% CI 0.69-3.15) vs. 2.3 years (95% CI 1.1-5.5) (p=0.05), respectively. Conclusion: ASXL1 and IDH mutations occur at a high incidence among young Egyptian AML patients with intermediate risk cytogenetics and confer a poorer outcome. Integration of mutations into risk profiling may predict outcome and impact therapeutic approach of young AML patient with uncertain prognosis.
acute myeloid leukemia
ASXL1
IDH
survival
Intermediate risk cytogenetics
2022
03
01
977
984
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90028_f37e5deb2949580ba998fe84b3b7301c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Chemopreventive Effect of Dietary Maranta arundinacea L. Against DMBA-Induced Mammary Cancer in Sprague Dawley Rats Through the Regulation of Autophagy Expression
Ika
Fidianingsih
Teguh
Aryandono
Sitarina
Widyarini
Sri
Herwiyanti
Sunarti
Sunarti
Background: Breast cancer prevention still needs to be improved. Calorie restriction is thought to prevent breast cancer through the induction of autophagy. Maranta arundinacea L. (MA) has the potential for calorie restriction because it contains high fiber. This research aimed to observe the effect of dietary MA against dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer in Sprague Dawley rats related to autophagy. Methods: Twenty-five Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: 1) control group without DMBA-induced with a standard diet, 2) 20 mg/kg BW of DMBA two times a week for five weeks with a standard diet, 3) DMBA and diet modification with 30% of MA, 4) DMBA and diet modification with 45% of MA, and 5) DMBA and diet modification with 60% of MA. Examination of the nodule was conducted once every week for 22 weeks. Breast tissue/tumor examination underwent histology examination with hematoxylin-eosin. Examinations of immunohistochemical staining against Beclin1, LC3B, and SQSTM1 were conducted to reveal autophagy. The difference of autophagy protein expression was analyzed using One way ANOVA with 95% confidence level and significance set as p<0.05. Results: Cancer was detected in four rats of DMBA standard diet, two rats of 30% MA, one rat of 45% MA. No cancer was detected in the rats of control and rats with 60% of MA group. The Beclin1 expressions showed that the 60% of MA group had the highest score (2.5±0.52) followed by the 45% of MA group (1.87±0.49), control group (1.77±0.11), 30% of MA group (1.28±0.75), and DMBA with standard diet had the lowest score (1.28±0.91). The difference of Beclin1 expressions was statistically significant (p-value=0.03). However, the difference of the LC3B expressions (p-value=0.11) and SQSTM1 expressions (p-value=0.225) were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Dietary modifications with MA potentially prevent breast cancer and induce initiation of autophagy.
Maranta arundinacea
breast cancer
DMBA
Arrowroot
Autophagy
2022
03
01
985
993
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90029_09fab1ed54ab024ad73ceb49237f5573.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
The Effect of 5-Fluorouracil on the Adhesion Process in Patients Operated on for Colorectal Cancer
Serik
Zhakipbekov
Muratbek
Osombaev
Serik
Irimbetov
Objective: The aim of this study was to improve the direct results of reconstructive surgery in patients operated on for complicated forms of colorectal cancer, by using 5-fluorouracil in the postoperative period. Methods: The study involved 126 patients (they were divided into 2 groups) with colorectal cancer, who underwent reconstructive surgery. They underwent a standard clinical examination and a mandatory examination program. Results: The use of 5-fluorouracil in adjuvant treatment in patients with colorectal cancer significantly reduces the number of subjective clinical manifestations (positional tests) in the main group – 17%, and in the control group – 54.3%, as well as objective clinical manifestations (instrumental research methods) in Group I – 13%, and Group II – 89.5%, respectively. The study shows that in re-operated patients with colorectal cancer who received 5-fluorouracil, abdominal adhesions are characterized by a low content of collagen and fibroblasts, low vascularization and a high content of polymerized fibrin strands. It was also found that re-operated patients with colorectal cancer who did not receive 5-fluorouracil, abdominal adhesions are characterized by a high collagen content, a large number of fibroblasts, and severe angiogenesis. Conclusion: It was found that the prolonged administration of 5-fluorouracil statistically significantly reduces the risk of adhesions, thereby showing the effectiveness of preventing adhesive disease of the abdominal organs. It was shown that the prolonged administration of 5-fluorouracil significantly reduces the number of subjective and objective signs of adhesive disease of the abdominal organs, as well as significantly decreases intraoperative and postoperative complications, the duration of the operation, and the amount of blood loss. In the postoperative period, it reduces the length of hospital stay and improves the quality of life of patients.
colorectal cancer
obstructive colon resection
colon continuity restoration
adhesion process
5-fluorouracil
2022
03
01
995
1003
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90030_e54a0827a286382646171260a1665e82.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Nucleic Acid Metabolizing Enzyme Levels Predict Chemotherapy Effects in Advanced and Recurrent Colorectal Cancer
Mitsuru
Watanabe
Kenji
Katsumata
Tetsuo
Sumi
Tetsuo
Ishizaki
Masanobu
Enomoto
Masatoshi
Shigoka
Takahiro
Wada
Hiroshi
Kuwabara
Junichi
Mazaki
Kenta
Kasahara
Tomoya
Tago
Ryutaro
Udo
Yuichi
Nagakawa
Shigeyuki
Kawachi
Akihiko
Tsuchida
Background: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) predict the effects of fluoropyrimidine. However, the effects of FOLFOX therapy from the perspective of fluorouracil plus leucovorin (FL) remain underexplored. Hence, the relationship between mFOLFOX6 therapy (mFOLFOX6) and therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in patients with advanced/recurrent colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Correlations between TS and DPD and primary and metastatic lesions in recurrent CRC were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses of TS and DPD in combination with response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were performed. Results: A positive correlation between DPD and primary and metastatic lesions; correlations between TS and RR, DPD and RR, and PFS and OS; and significant differences for RR and DPD and TS, PFS and DPD, and OS and DPD were obtained. Conclusion: Nucleic acid metabolizing enzymes in primary lesions can be used to predict mFOLFOX6 efficacy in patients with recurrent CRC.
Recurrent and advanced colorectal cancer
thymidylate synthase (TS)
mFOLFOX6 therapy
dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)
2022
03
01
1005
1011
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90015_487644189f9a5411bf186b05473ccf0e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 as Prognostic Factor for the Treatment of HER-2 Enriched Breast Cancer
Daan
Khambri
Heldrian
Suyuthie
Noza
Hilbertina
Husna
Yetti
Denni
Purwanto
Background: MMP-9 plays a significant role in invasion and migration of tumor cells and metastasis. A combination MMP-9 biomarker with HER2 and Ki-67 is expected to provide more specificity in prognosis for better breast cancer (BC) treatment options. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 34 patients with HER2 enriched breast cancer were studied from January 2016 until December 2020. Assessment MMP-9 by IHC using Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human MMP-9 Antigen with semiquantitative immunoreactive scores methods was done. Results: The samples included patients aged 29 to 66 years. Patients’ educational level was mostly high school graduation (n=17; 50%). Distant metastases occurred in 10 (29.4%) patients, histopathological Grade II was found in 29 (85.7%) patients, positive LVI was found in 18 (52.9%) patients, and high proliferation rate (Ki67 > 20%) was found in 32 (94.1%) patients. All the patients underwent MRM with a history of chemotherapy in 29 (85.3%) patients, radiotherapy in 14 (41.2%) patients, and targeted therapy in only seven (20.6%) patients. Most of the patients had locally advanced stage III (n=21; 61.8%). The MMP-9 High expression was found in 20 (58.8%) patients and 14 (41.2%) patients had a low expression. A significant relationship was found between MMP-9 expression and DFS (p=0.023); while a significant relationship was found with OS (p=0.093). The mean DFS for High expression MMP-9 was 37.3 months and 45.3 months for low expression. The mean OS was 37.6 months for High-intensity MMP-9 and 42.7 months for Low-intensity. Conclusions: The MMP-9 expression (p=0.037), age group<40 years old (p=0.024), and the history of radiotherapy (p=0.035) were significantly related to he occurrence of distant metastases. The MMP-9 High expression had a 7.5 times greater risk of distant metastases. Impacts: The MMP-9 can be used as a prognostic factor for distant metastasis in HER2 Enriched BC.
MMP-9
Biomarkers
Metastasis
Survival Analysis
2022
03
01
1013
1021
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90037_c3833aec2ad04ed1edb85a6cece8166f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Assessment of Videos on YouTubeTM about Nasopharyngeal Cancer in Terms of Accuracy, Reliability and Understandability
Caglar
Eker
Ozgur
Surmelioglu
Sevinc Puren
Yucel
Muhammed
Dagkiran
Elvan
Onan
Introduction: In the internet era we live in, it is very easy to access information. While this situation has positive effects for patients using the internet, it also brings some negative effects. The effects of the quality of YouTube™ videos on nasopharyngeal cancer were examined. Methods: “Nasopharyngeal Cancer” as search term was used to conduct a search on YouTube™. The ‘Sort by’ search filter was set at ‘relevance’, which is the default for YouTube™ searches. The first 250 results were reviewed and analyzed. After the videos were eliminated according to the exclusion criteria, 45 videos were evaluated by two authors. Video materials were categorized according to “video type” and “source of content”. According to “video type” and “source of content” the videos were categorized into two as educational and testimonial and three as medical institution, medical website, and individual users. After recording the features of all evaluated videos, accuracy score, audiovisual score, modified discern score, patient education materials assessment tool for audiovisual materials (PEMAT) score and usefulness score were determined for each video to evaluate the accuracy, reliability, and understandability of the videos. Results: The usefulness score, modified discern score, and accuracy score of the educational videos were significantly higher than testimonial videos (p<0.001 for all). Educational videos provided more useful and accurate video content than testimonial videos. In addition, it was also determined that the median PEMAT actionability score and audiovisual score of the individual group were statistically significantly lower than medical institutions and medical websites (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The videos provided by medical institutions, including universities, did not have a significant advantage over other groups in terms of accuracy, reliability, and usefulness. Conclusion: Healthcare videos concerning nasopharyngeal cancer on YouTube™ are heterogeneous and are not peer reviewed. Therefore, medical professions on nasopharyngeal cancer need to upload more accurate, reliable and easy to understand videos onto online platforms such as YouTube™.
Nasopharyngeal cancer
Youtube
Internet
accuracy
Patient information
2022
03
01
1023
1029
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90038_86ab3ec6f95ae7b2bb1dbcdae1d966dd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Comparison of Salivary Electrolytes Profile in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Juan
Saavedra
Diogo
Novo
Marcia
Mesko
Ana Carolina
Uchoa Vasconcellos
Karine
Duarte da Silva
Gabriel
Rojas Zuñiga
Ricardo
Ramires
Sandra Beatriz Chaves
Tarquinio
Objectives: to determine salivary electrolyte concentration of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. A related systematic review was performed. Methods: Observational study. Unstimulated saliva from 18 patients with OSCC, 18 with OPMD, and 18 without oral lesions was collected. A biochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the salivary concentrations of potassium (K), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe). Kruskal–Wallis test was performed, and p < 0.05 was interpreted as statistically significant. The literature search for the systematic review retrieved 9 studies that associated salivary electrolyte levels with presence and progression of OSCC. Results: A highly significant increase was found in the salivary Mg levels in the OPMD group (5.41 µg/mL) in comparison with the OSCC (3.71µg/mL) and control group (3.51 µg/mL) (p = 0.041). No differences were observed in other salivary levels elements. The results of the systematic review revealed that one article indicated a decrease, and three papers reported an increase in salivary Na levels in patients with OPMD and OSCC. Two articles indicated a decrease in salivary K levels in OSCC, and the other two reported high Mg levels in OPMD and OSCC. Conclusion: High salivary Mg levels can be a potential biomarker indicating the presence of OPMD, however, the evidence is still contradictory and more studies are required.
trace elements
Precancerous Condition
Electrolytes
Saliva
2022
03
01
1031
1039
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90031_d326b3f597f9f741ac4c614b21bfa9fc.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Nutritional Related Knowledge of Cancer Prevention among Primary Health Care Physicians
Mostafa
Arafa
Hussein
Amin
Karim
Farhat
Danny
Rabah
Faisal
Alarifi
Noha
Mostafa
Hesham
Alshaya
Abdulrahman
Alageel
Majed
Alsahli
Abdulrahman
Alaujan
Abdulrahman
Alkholaif
Alanoud
Albekairi
Objectives: To explore the cancer prevention-related nutrition knowledge of primary health care physicians towards nutrition and its relation to the development of cancer. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted among family physicians in Riyadh, between November 2019 and April 2020. The participants in the current study were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included socio-economic data and data related to the association between nutrition and cancer. Results: The mean correct knowledge score for physicians is good but less than expected (26.5+5.8) 73.6%. Multiple regression revealed that age, position, and nationality to be significantly associated with knowledge of cancer prevention (P<0.05) among physicians. Conclusions: Primary care physicians have good knowledge about the relation between nutrition and cancer but not sufficient, they should have continuous nutrition educational training programs to ensure safe and sound nutritional advice to patients and for the public about the relation of nutrition and cancer.
Cancer Prevention
Knowledge
nutrition
primary care physicians
2022
03
01
1041
1045
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90032_80e0e0a7aa24da2f868e109ef90fd286.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Association of Hormonal Contraception with Meningioma Location in Indonesian Patients
Rusdy
Malueka
Rahmat
Hartanto
Nurhuda
Setyawan
Dyajeng
Fauzi
Khoironi
Damarjati
Alfian
Rismawan
Maria
Septianastiti
Adiguno
Wicaksono
Kusumo
Dananjoyo
Endro
Basuki
Ahmad
Asmedi
Ery
Dwianingsih
Background: Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor. Previous studies have shown the possible association between hormonal contraceptive use and meningioma location. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the association between the history of hormonal contraceptive use and the location of meningioma in the Indonesian population. Methods: In total, 99 histologically confirmed female meningioma patients admitted to Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia, were included in this study. Data on hormonal contraception and other variables were collected from medical records. Meningioma locations were determined from brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Computerized Tomography (CT) scan before surgery. Results: Seventy-two (72.7%) patients had a history of hormonal contraceptive use. The subjects consist of 83 (83.8%) WHO grade I and 16 (16.2%) WHO grade II and III tumors. A total of 57 (57.6%) tumors were located in the spheno-orbital region. We found a significant association between hormonal contraceptive use and meningioma location in the spheno-orbital region (Odds ratio (OR) 2.573, p=0.038). This resulted in the patients in the hormonal contraception group having more visual impairment (p=0.044). Conclusion: The use of hormonal contraception is associated with the location of meningioma in the spheno-orbital region.
meningioma
meningioma location
hormonal contraception
Indonesian population
2022
03
01
1047
1051
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90033_cb5e135e83bd1c74d69df0c41ef427df.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Down Regulated Expression Levels of miR-27b and miR-451a as a Potential Biomarker for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing TAC Chemotherapy
Ahmad Aizat
Abdul Aziz
Md Salzihan
Md Salleh
Maya Mazuwin
Yahya
Andee Dzulkarnaen
Zakaria
Ravindran
Ankathil
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with poor prognosis, aggressive phenotype(s) of tumours, partial chemotherapy response, and lack of clinically proven therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can target and modulate key genes that are involved in TNBC chemotherapy. Deregulated miRNA expression is highly involved in anti-cancer drug resistance phenotype and thus, miRNAs tend to be promising candidates for prediction of chemotherapy response and recurrence. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of selected miRNAs (miR-21, miR-27b, miR-34a, miR-182, miR-200c and miR-451a) in cancerous and normal adjacent tissues of TNBC patients and to correlate with the clinicopathological data. Methods: Forty-one (41) FFPE tissue block of histopathologically confirmed TNBC patients was collected. Total RNA from the cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were isolated, transcribed, and pre-amplified. The relative expression level of miRNAs in tumour and normal adjacent tissues of TNBC patients was analysed using qRT-PCR. Results: Out of six miRNAs studied, the relative expression of miR-27b and miR-451a were found to be significantly lower in cancerous as compared to normal adjacent tissues of TNBC patients. In addition, a significant down regulation of miR-451a was also observed in infiltrating ductal carcinoma subtype, stages I and II, in both grade II and III, premenopausal and postmenopausal as well as in those with positive axillary lymph node metastases. Conclusion: The results suggest the possible utilization of miR-27b and miR-451a expression levels as potential predictive risk markers for TNBC patients undergoing TAC chemotherapy.
miR-27b
miR-451a
miRNA expression
TNBC
TAC chemotherapy
2022
03
01
1053
1059
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90034_84a6d6ce4be4b8de925da74220bbe123.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
The Role of Beetroot Extract in Overcoming Chemoresistance of Neoadjuvant Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide Regimen by Targeting Immune Response in Tumor Microenvironment: A Preclinical Study in Mammary Adenocarcinoma Rats
Sri
Susilowati
Hermawan
Istiadi
Suhartono
Suhartono
Yan
Prajoko
Ignatius
Riwanto
Neni
Susilaningsih
Catharina
Suharti
Objective: This study aims to determine the role of beetroot extract in overcoming the chemoresistance of Neoadjuvant Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide (NAC) regimens with a target immune response in the tumour microenvironment at the pre-clinical stage. Methods: This study was conducted on rats with 7,12-Dimethyl Benz (α) Anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary adenocarcinoma. Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide was given in 4 cycles, whereas beetroot extract was administered three times each cycle. Observations of CD8 T cells and Myeloid Derivative Suppressive Cells (MDSC) expression levels and pathological responses were carried out on tumour tissue taken at the end of the observation. Results: Supplementation of beetroot extract to NAC could significantly increase CD8 T cells and decrease MDSC in the tumour microenvironment. The addition of beetroot extract gave a better pathological response. Conclusion: Beetroot extract enhances the immune response in the tumor microenvironment so that it has the potential to overcome chemoresistance in NAC.
Beetroot
Neoadjuvant Adriamycin-Cyclophosphamide
CD8 T cells
Myeloid Derivative Suppressive Cells
Chemoresistance
2022
03
01
1061
1068
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90045_17e37eca55f9f01a8aea826d40f158f4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Psychometric Properties of the Thai Version of Supportive Care Needs Survey-Partners and Caregivers (T- SCNS-P&C) for Cholangiocarcinoma Caregivers
Monthida
Sangruangake
Ueamporn
Summart
Nonglak
Methakanjanasak
Piches
Ruangsuksud
Metha
Songthamwat
Background: Unmet needs of cancer patients and caregivers are also closely linked with patients and their family well-being. Identifying and focusing on caregivers’ unmet need have been recommended to reduce their burden and improve their quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Thai version of Supportive Care Needs Survey for Partners and Caregivers (T-SCNS-P&C) among Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) caregivers. Methods: The T-SCNS-P&C was developed using standardized translation methodology. A total of 231 CCA caregivers completed the T- SCNS-P&C. The internal consistency of the scale was examined with Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was analyzed using Pearson correlations coefficient with the physical effects, stage, anxiety and depression, age, and education level. To assess the factorial validity of the T-SCNS-P&C, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. Results: The T- SCNS-P&C indicated good readability and high content validity for use as an assessment tool among Thai CCA caregivers. All Cronbach’s α coefficients were above the minimum acceptable criterion of ≥0.70. For construct validity, higher physical effect scores and higher anxiety and depression scores, as well as poorer QOL scores and younger caregivers, were significantly positively associated with higher levels of unmet needs. CFA indicated that the four factor structure of the T-SCNS-P&C was a good fit to the data. Conclusion: The T-SCNS-P&C demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity for assessing unmet needs among CCA caregivers in Thailand. Using this simple assessment to target the individual needs of these caregivers can help healthcare professionals providing effective personalized care.
Caregivers
Thai
psychometric validation
Supportive care
Unmet needs
2022
03
01
1069
1076
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90035_2e58f918bdf9cca8717571ec0f12bae8.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
The Effect of Family-Centered Education on the Care Burden of Family Caregivers of the Elderly with Cancer: A Quasi-experimental Study
Arya
Wasmani
Mozhgan
Rahnama
Abdolghani
Abdollahimohammad
Mahin
Badakhsh
Zohrehsadat
Hashemi
Introduction: Given the role of the family in decisions related to the patient’s health, their role in educating the patient should be considered in the health care program. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of family-centered education on the care burden of family caregivers of the elderly with cancer. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 elderly caregivers with cancer were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15 intervention and 15 control from 1 March 2020 to 1 July 2021. Data collection tools were demographic characteristics questionnaire and care burden questionnaire. The intervention was performed as individual training to caregivers in two one-hour sessions. 6 weeks after the intervention, care burden was measured in both groups. Data were collected and analyzed using PSSS software version 23. Results: According to the independent t-test, before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean score of care burden in the intervention and control groups, but after the intervention, the mean score of care burden in the intervention group decreased from 56.93 ±11.08 to 42.93 ± 9.78 and in the control group It changed from 54.27 ± 11.38 to 56.80 ± 11.43 and there was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of the two groups (P <0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, family-centered education intervention can be effective in reducing the care burden of caregivers of the elderly with cancer in a sample of Iranian society. Therefore, it is predicted that providing such educational services in the health care delivery system is absolutely necessary and effective, and the use of this type of training in nursing activities is recommended.
Aged
caregiver burden
Family
Neoplasms
2022
03
01
1077
1082
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90047_a0a49faededaee54245adfa7ba1ee760.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Women’s Knowledge on Cervical Cancer Risk Factors and Symptoms: A Cross Sectional Study from Urban India
Priyanka
Garg
Shobhit
Srivastava
Shumayla
Shumayla
Kauma
Kurian
Ataur
Rehman
Rishi
Garg
Suresh Kumar
Rathi
Sunil
Mehra
Background: Early-stage cervical cancer diagnoses may be the consequence of timely medical care in the presence of symptoms which can be linked to awareness of the symptoms and risk factors. This study aims to determine the knowledge about risk factors and symptoms of cervical cancer and associated factors among women aged 20-49 years. Methods: Data were utilized from the survey under the intervention “Increasing access to cervical cancer screening and care through the community-centric continuum of care initiative in India” (2015). The sample size was 1,020 women in the age group of 20-49 years. Descriptive statistics, along with bivariate analysis, was done to represent the preliminary results. Multivariable regression analysis was used to represent the estimates. Results: About 40.1% [Delhi: 56.9% and Rohtak: 20.4%] and 45.5% [Delhi: 52.2% and Rohtak: 37.7%] of respondents had good knowledge about risk factors and symptoms of cervical cancer, respectively. Respondents with primary educational status had an 86% significantly higher likelihood for good knowledge about identified risk factors of cervical cancer [ adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.86; CI: 1.12-3.10]. Respondents who were married or widowed/divorced/separated had significantly higher odds for good knowledge about identified risk factors and symptoms of cervical cancer in reference to respondents who were never married. Respondents from Rohtak had 72% and 35% significantly higher odds for good knowledge about identified risk factors [aOR:0.28; CI: 0.21,0.39] and symptoms [aOR:0.65; CI: 0.48,0.88] of cervical cancer, respectively, in reference to respondents from Delhi. Conclusion: Overall awareness about cervical cancer and Human papillomavirus (HPV) as the causative agent was low, more so in Rohtak. This is extremely worrisome as blocking HPV infection is one of the most effective ways to prevent cervical cancer. Moreover, the knowledge about the risk factors and symptoms of cervical cancer is also inadequate, particularly in women from Rohtak.
Cervical cancer
signs and symptoms
risk factors
human papillomavirus
2022
03
01
1083
1090
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90036_de5ca002da8d6dc6cce308d23b74f246.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2022
23
3
Expression of PD-L1 in Early-Stage Invasive Breast Carcinoma and Its Relation to Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes
Nancy
Amin
Amany
Abou-Bakr
Saad
Eissa
Hanan
Nassar
Tamer
Eissa
Ghada
Mohamed
Objectives: Immunotherapeutic targets became one of the promising approaches in breast cancer (BC), especially in advanced stage triple-negative subtype (TNBC). However, the role of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) targeting in other BC subtypes, especially in early-stage carcinoma is less explored. We aimed in this study to investigate the prevalence of PD-L1 in early-stage invasive BC of different molecular subtypes and to elucidate its relation to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) density (cytotoxic and regulatory T-cells), established clinicopathological factors and patients’ outcome. Material and Methods: One hundred and nine cases of early-stage BC were enrolled in our study. Cases were classified into five molecular subtypes according to the Immunohistochemical data. PD-L1, FOXP3 and CD8 immunostaining were analyzed for all studied cases. PD-L1 expression was correlated with CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells, histopathologic parameters, BC molecular subtypes, 7-years disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: PD-L1 was expressed in 11% of the studied early-stage BC cases. It showed a significant correlation with high tumor grade (p= <0.001), development of metastasis (p=0.037), high FOXP3+ T-cell density (p= <0.001) and low CD8+ T-cells density (p= <0.001). PD-L1 expression was higher in TNBC (16.1%), followed by HER2/neu-enriched group (14.3%). All luminal A cases showed negative PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 was found to be an independent prognostic factor for patients’ survival (DFS; p=0.031 and OS: p=0.04). Conclusion: Although the impact of PD-L1 on early-stage BC outcomes had not been clearly established, our results indicated that PD-L1 is a negative prognostic marker in early settings. PD-L1 can serve as a new therapeutic target for patients with high-grade early-stage breast carcinoma.
PD-L1
early-stage
breast cancer
FOXP3
CD8
2022
03
01
1091
1102
https://journal.waocp.org/article_90039_d01ac29fa71e9affb316983e88c9593b.pdf