2024-03-29T12:31:11Z
https://journal.waocp.org/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=3458
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Metabolism and Cancer: An Up-to-date Review of a Mutual Connection
Cancer and metabolism, namely that of glucose, share a reciprocal relationship. Discovered 80 years ago,the so-called Warburg effect remains a conundrum both teleologically and mechanistically and thus, has beenthoughtfully endowed with respectful attention. With the progress of years, scientific contributions have managedto solve parts of this mystery. The present review aims to be a reviewing prelude to most recent findings regardingthe connection of cancer with glucose metabolism.
cancer
Metabolism
Glucose
carcinogenesis
genes
2010
06
01
1437
1444
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25394_d9cf678d7d1d2c68acc8536d9ca52063.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Highlighting the Anti-carcinogenic Potential of an Ayurvedic Medicinal Plant rtia Swertia Chirata
Swertia chirata is a plant with bitter taste used since an early date in traditional medical systems of our countryfor treatment of varied human ailments. In Ayurveda, the plant is used as stomachic, febrifuge, antihelminthic,diuretic as well as for treatment of some types of mental disorders. Experimental revalidation of the medicinalproperties of this plant along with chemical analysis of its constituents have generated interest in the medicinalvalue of Swertia chirata and is likely to open up new avenues for its multispectrum use. In view of the antioxidative,anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities reported in recent times, the plant demands a more detailedprobe to determine its use in pharmaceutical industry for preparation of drugs for prevention and treatmentof chronic human diseases like diabetes, cardiac problems and cancer. The aim of the present review is to drawattention of researchers in biomedical sciences and pharmaceuticals to this very important plant which has sofar not received its due recognition.
Ayurveda medicines
Swertia chirata
anti-inflammatory
anticarcinogenic
2010
06
01
1445
1449
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25395_a387ff336d3f9cd60f7190f72fd363c0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Long-term Trends in Cancer Mortality in Korea (1983-2007): A Joinpoint Regression Analysis
Cancer has been the most common cause of death in Korea since 1983 and is a major public concern. Theaim of this study was to analyze the secular trend of cancer mortality in Korea from 1983 to 2007. Mortality andpopulation data from 1983 to 2007 were obtained from the Korea Statistical Office. The annual cancer deathrates for 18 age groups were estimated, and joinpoint regression was applied to detect significant changes incancer mortality. The age-standardized mortality rate for all sites combined increased until the mid-1990s andhas been decreasing thereafter, this also being the case for cancers of the esophagus, liver, lung and bladder, aswell as leukemia. With stomach and uterine cancers a constant reduction was evident throughout the period.The declines in stomach, liver, and uterine cancer mortality have made major contributions to the recent overallfavorable trend. Mortality for cancers of the colon and rectum and the prostate increased in the early 2000s andthen leveled off, whereas female breast cancer mortality has displayed a constant increasing trend. In conclusion,overall cancer mortality is decreasing in men and women in Korea, and this trend will probably continue andimprove further in line with advances in management as well as the expected impact of the national screeningprogram for major five cancers over the next decades.
cancer
mortality
Trends
joinpoint regression
Korea
2010
06
01
1451
1457
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25396_a2efced8df906008a14839f69b7280b1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Long-term Survival of Cancer Patients in Korea, 1993-2007: National Cancer Registry Study
Although survival rates are very useful for monitoring the effects of early cancer detection and treatment,at present there are only limited population-based estimates of long-term survival rates in Korea. Furthermore,published data are only available for 5-year survival; 10-year survival rates have hitherto not been reported.We therefore analysed data from the Korean National Cancer Incidence Database between 1993 and 2007 andfollowed through into 2008 to estimate long-term survival rates and trends at 5 and 10 years after diagnosis ofall cancers combined. Further analysis was conducted on the 19 most common cancers in Korea. From 1993 to2007, the 10-year relative survival rates (RSRs) for all cancer types combined were 36.3% and 56.4% in Koreanmen and women, respectively. The 10-year RSRs for all cancers combined improved from 29.5% and 50.5%during 1993-1998 to 39.2% and 58.9% during 1999-2007 in Korean men and women, respectively. From 1993to 2007, the 5-year and 10-year RSRs thus improved in both sexes for the most common cancers. In the 75 yearsand older group, increases of the 5-year and 10-year RSR for all combined, and for most of the major cancerswere lower than all other age groups. This study provides population-based estimates of long-term survivaland confirms improvements of long-term survivals for all cancer sites and for most of the major cancer sites.Improvements of survival for young patients are more significant than for older patients. The results may helpclinicians and patients assess long-term prognosis.
Neoplasms
long-term survival
Korea
2010
06
01
1459
1464
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25397_2abe7509d174f6b66b7e7349429cb2b0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Prevalence of High-risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cytologic Result in Thailand
Cervical cancer is the second most common female cancer with a high mortality rate. The established causeis high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) and a new modality for cervical cancer screening is thecombination of cervical cytology with HPV testing. The aim of present study was to identify the prevalence ofhigh-risk HPV infection, and cervical cytological profiles of healthy Thai women. This largest cross-sectionalinvestigation of HPV testing so far with cytology screening in Thailand was conducted between April 2009 andMarch 2010, covering a total of 14,747 women. The correlation between HPV viral load and cytology was alsoassessed. The mean age of the study group was 46.4 years (range 20-77 years) and the prevalence of high risk HPVinfection was 8.23%. In positive women, negative cytology was observed in 72.9% , and cytology abnormalities in27.1%, as compared to 1.57% in HPV negative women. The highest prevalence of HPV infection was identifiedin the youngesy age group (≤30 years). The mean viral load was 6.06x105 (range 5,040.13 to 1.05x107)and HPVviral load titers were higher among in women with abnormal cytology.
cervical cancer screening
Prevalence
human papillomavirus
cervical cytology
Thailand
2010
06
01
1465
1468
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25398_86ae6c616d9566136013cffabae9af12.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
High Dose Rate Cobalt-60 Afterloading Intracavitary Therapy for Cervical Carcinoma in Srinagarind Hospital - Analysis of Survival
Objective: To evaluate the actuarial survival rates in uterine cervical cancer patients treated with teletherapycombined with high dose rate (HDR) cobalt-60 brachytherapy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective studyof uterine cervical cancer patients, stages IB-IVB (International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetriciansrecommendations or FIGO), treated by radiotherapy alone between April 1986 and December 1988 wasconducted. The patients were treated with teletherapy 50Gy/25 fractions, five fractions per week to the wholepelvis, together with HDR cobalt-60 afterloading brachytherapy of 850 cGy/ fraction, weekly to point A for 2fractions. Results:The study analysed the records of 141 patients with uterine cervical cancer with a mean ageof 50.0 years (range 30-78). The mean tumor size was 4.1 cm in diameter (range 1-8). Mean follow-up time was2.94 years (range 1 month - 6.92 years). The 5 year actuarial survival rates for patients with small size tumorsless than 2 cm in diameter and tumor sizes larger than 2 cm in diameter were 100% and 63.2%. The overall 5year survival rate was 63.3%. For cancer stages IB, IIB, IIIA and IIIB they were 100%, 80.3%, 100% and 54.8%and for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were 58.3% and 31.2%. Conclusion: Combined HDRcobalt-60 brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy provide a useful modality in the treatment of uterinecervical cancer, feasible for developing countries. The approach demonstrated a slightly elevated radiationmorbidity but was most effective in early stages and with small tumor sizes less than 2 cm in diameter.
cervical carcinoma
radiotherapy
high dose rate cobalt-60 brachytherapy
actuarial survival rates
2010
06
01
1469
1471
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25399_a3047cf9c36bee9cee1cfcee8094ed2a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Salt Taste Sensitivity, Physical Activity and Gastric Cancer
Background: Gastric cancer is one of the main health issues in China. The risk factors of the disease arerelated to nutrition and environment. Salt taste sensitivity is the capacity to identify the flavor of salt. Salttaste sensitivity threshold (STST) can influence salt appetite, and it is assumed to have association with gastriccancer. Methods: A 1:2 matched hospital based case-control study including 300 cases with newly histologicalconfirmed diagnosis of gastric cancer and 600 controls that were cancer and gastric diseases free were used. Aself-designed questionnaire was used to collect information dietary and lifestyle habit, and physical activity, andsalt taste sensitivity test was used to measure the STST for all subjects. Conditional logistic regression was usedto calculated Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: An increased risk of gastriccancer is related to the consumption of smoking, drinking, family history of cancer and salted food. Walkingand sports activity [adjust OR=0.69(0.51-0.99) for ≥4 times/week] presented protective effect for gastric cancer.There is a significant positive association between increased STST and gastric cancer, and the adjusted OR was2.05(1.68-2.5). When we used STST≥5 as a cut point, people with STST≥5 were at 5.71 times greater risk ofgastric cancer than those with STST<5. STST showed moderate association with physical activity (Correlationcoefficient =0.22). Cut point of STST ≥5 had a best sensitivity and specificity for predicting gastric cancer riskdetection (sensitivity for 73.67%, specificity for 57%). Conclusion:Salt and salted food intake is association withgastric cancer, while physical activity showed protective effect. A high STST is strong association with gastriccancer risk.
Salt taste sensitivity threshold
physical activity
Gastric cancer
2010
06
01
1473
1478
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25400_71d193a64f71f0ff46cb8b491619743f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Epidemiology of Cancer of the Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Ducts in an Australian Population
The incidence of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer in Australia is low at about one third the world averagebut increases are evident. South Australian registry data have been used to describe: age-standardized incidenceand mortality trends; and disease-specific survivals, using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazardsregression. The study included 1,220 incident cancers (901 hepatocellular carcinomas; 201 cholangiocarcinomas;118 other types) and 983 deaths. Incidence and mortality rates increased by 2-3 fold during 1977-2007. Incidenceincreases affected males, females and all ages. There was a strong: male predominance (3 to 1); and age gradient(70+ year old incidence >30 times under 50 year old incidence). Compared with hepatocellular carcinomas,cholangiocarcinomas and other histology types more often affected females and older ages and less often theAsian born. All histology types showed similar incidence increases. Apart from recognized risk factors (e.g.,hepatitis B/C infection and aflatoxins for hepatocellular carcinoma; liver-fluke infection for cholangiocarcinomas,etc.), common risk factors may include excess alcohol consumption and possibly obesity and diabetes mellitus.Five-year disease-specific survival in 1998-2007 was 16%, with higher fatalities applying for earlier periods,older patients, males, lower socio-economic groups, and cholangiocarcinomas. Aboriginal patients tended tohave higher case fatalities (p=0.054). Survival increases may be due to earlier diagnosis from alpha feta proteintesting and diagnostic imaging, plus more aggressive treatment of localized disease. Mortality increases require apreventive response, including hepatitis B vaccination, prevention of viral infection though contaminated bloodand other body fluids, early detection initiatives for high-risk patients, aggressive surgery for localized disease,and experimentation with new systemic therapies.
Liver cancer
Incidence
mortality
Prevention
Control
South Australia
2010
06
01
1479
1485
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25401_704793ecb6f5e54da865aeca290d90fa.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Clinicopathological Features Including Hormonal Receptor Expression and Survival in Young Endometrial Cancer Patients: A Case Control Study
Objective: To compare clinicopathological features, including hormonal receptor expression and survival,in young Thai endometrial carcinoma (EMC) patients with older patients. Methods: Young EMC patientsaged ≤45 years, treated in the institution from 1992 to 2008, were identified as cases. Controls included EMCpatients aged >45 years who had an operation on the nearest dates to the cases. Clinicopathological data andsurvival of the cases and controls were compared. Results: Mean ages of 41 cases and 123 controls were 40.4 ±3.7 years and 58.4 ± 8.3 years, respectively. Cases were significantly different from controls in terms of havingmore nulliparity (58% vs 25%), less medical illness (57% vs 79%), more low-grade tumors (49% vs 14%),more positive estrogen (78% vs 56%) and progesterone (97% vs 61%) receptors expression, and fewer nodalmetastases (3% vs 21%). Adjuvant therapy was administered in 29% of the cases and 46% of the controls. Froma median follow up of 51 months, cases had significantly fewer progression events and recurrence (5% vs 19%),cancer-related deaths (2% vs 16%), and all deaths (5% vs 23%), with significantly longer 5-year disease-free(97.2% vs 79.6%, p=0.023), cancer-specific (97.1% vs 83.2%, p=0.020), and overall survival (93.1% vs 78.8%p=0.005) than controls as determined by univariate analysis. Survival of cases and controls were not significantlydifferent after adjusting for other prognostic factors. Conclusion: Young Thai EMC patients had more favorableclinicopathological features with significantly longer survival than older patients as determined by univariateanalysis.
Young endometrial cancer
clinicopathological features
hormonal receptor expression
survival
2010
06
01
1487
1492
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25402_46c488dfd90a7b7abb7c0115d2755818.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Adjuvant Bi-Weekly Combination of Cisplatin, Infusional 5-fluorouracil and Folinic Acid Followed by Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy with Infusional Fluorouracil for High Risk Operated Gastric and Gastroesophageal JunctionAdenocarcinoma
Purpose: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are approved in clinical practice of adjuvant treatment of gastriccarcinoma. In present study, we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of an adjuvant treatmentprotocol including bi-weekly cisplatin, infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid followed by continuous5-FU infusion during radiotherapy. Patients and Methods: Between May 2005 and Dec 2008, 65 curativelyresected gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma patients (stage III in 38 and stage IV M0 in27) received chemotherapy including 50 mg/m2 cisplatin, 200 mg/m2 iv folinic acid, 5-FU 400 mg/m2 iv bolusfollowed by 5-FU 1600 mg/m2 46h-continuous infusion (CFF) bi-weekly. After 4 cycles of CFF, concomitant200 mg/m2/day continuous infusion 5-FU and 4500 cGy radiotherapy were administered for 5 weeks. After thischemoradiotherapy an additional 4 cycles of CFF were given. Results: The median follow-up was 15 (6-36)months. Fifty seven (87.7%) patients completed at least 90% of the planned treatment. Median disease freesurvival was 18 months (95% CI:13.9-22.0) and median overall survival was 19 months (95% CI:15.2-22.8).Common adverse events of all grades were nausea and vomiting (53.8%), leucopenia (42.6%), anemia (30.7%)and diarrhea (20%). The most common grade 3 and 4 toxicities were leucopenia (9.2%), anemia (7.6%), febrileneutropenia (6.1%) and diarrhea (4.6%). Conclusion: Bi-weekly CFF chemotherapy followed by continuous5-FU infusion during radiotherapy is an effective and tolerable regimen for locally advanced operated gastricand gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.
Gastric cancer
adjuvant
chemoradiotherapy
Cisplatin
5-fluorouracil
folinic acid
2010
06
01
1493
1497
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25403_5536c6d70a4fe33c3f05104bfd182a48.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor for Prevention of Craniospinal Radiation Treatment Interruption among Central Nervous System Tumor Patients
Objectives: In this pilot randomized clinical trial the preventive effects of weekly granulocyte colonystimulating factor (GCSF) injection for patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors receiving craniospinalirradiation were assessed with regard to risk of treatment interruption. Methods: We randomized 40 CNS cancerpatients into two groups (20 patients each), the first receiving GCSF prevention therapy before weekly craniospinalradiotherapy and the control group without this prophylaxis. The main outcome was whether GCSF preventivetherapy decreased the rate of interruption of radiotherapy because of leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Weused t -test, and chi-square test statistics to compare the quantitative and qualitative outcomes. Results: therewere no significant differences in platelets and WBC loss between the treatment and control groups. Treatmentinterruption was lower in weekly GCSF therapy group (35%), compared to the control group (55%), althoughthe difference was not statistically significant (P value 0.2). While 8 patients (40%) also received GCSF therapydue to leucopenia in the control group only one patient reached a critical level and needed GCSF therapy becauseof irradiation complications (p-value 0.02). Among those who received naodjuvant chemotherapy (8 patientsin each group), among the GCSF prevention group only in one (12%) we had to interrupt radiotherapy, ascompared to 6 in the control group due to WBC loss. Conclusion: Weekly GSCF injections among CNS tumorpatients receiving craniospinal therapy may decrease treatment interruption. A larger study with longer followupis now needed to confirm our results.
CNS tumors
irradiation interruption
Prevention
GCSF
2010
06
01
1499
1502
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25404_c6463b66b7551a30d3f0e6cacfcfe616.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Self-examination Among Women in a Suburban Area in Terengganu, Malaysia
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in Malaysian women, irrespective ofage group and ethnicity. The observed low survival rates are related to late stage at presentation despite theavailability of breast self examination (BSE) as a reliable screening method for early detection. Materials andMethods: This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice towardsBSE amongst women aged 15 years old and above. Systemic random sampling was applied and informationgathered through guided interview by using a structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 86 respondents wererecruited, with a mean age of 40.5 years (SD: 15.51), more than 80% having a secondary or tertiary level ofeducation. The total score was 16.9 (total mean percent: 60.4%) for knowledge, 37.1 (77.3%) for attitude and9.56 (34.1%) for practice. The proportions of respondents with good score for knowledge, attitude and practicewere 38.4%, 73.3% and 7.0%, respectively. Not knowing the correct method of BSE, lack of knowledge on cancersigns and lack of motivational support from parents, spouse or friends appeared to be related with the poorpractices. Conclusion: Enhancement of breast cancer awareness and focusing on recognized barriers by healthcare professionals with the involvement of spouses, family and community would have a substantial beneficialimpact on BSE practice.
Breast self examination
Knowledge
Attitude
Practice
Barriers
Malaysian suburban women
2010
06
01
1503
1508
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25405_dc06756f3232628d4eb260023883af76.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Mongolia - National Registry Data
Background: The National Cancer Registry of Mongolia began as a hospital-based registry in the early1960s but then evolved to have a population-wide role. The Registry provides the only cancer data availablefrom Mongolia for international comparison. The descriptive data presented in this report are the first to besubmitted on cancer incidence in Mongolia to a peer-reviewed journal. The purpose was to describe cancerincidence and mortality for all invasive cancers collectively, individual primary sites, and particularly leadingsites, and consider cancer control opportunities. Methods: This study includes data on new cancer cases registeredin Mongolia in 2003-2007. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated as mean annual numbers per 100,000residents. Age-standardized incidence (ASR) and age-standardized mortality (ASMR) rates were calculatedfrom age-specific rates by weighting directly to the World Population standard. Results: Between 2003 and2007, 17,271 new cases of invasive cancer were recorded (52.2% in males, 47.7% in females). The five leadingprimary sites in males were liver, stomach, lung, esophagus, and colon/rectum; whereas in females they wereliver, cervix, stomach, esophagus and breast. ASRs were lower in females than males for cancers of the liver at63.0 and 99.1 per 100,000 respectively; cancers of the stomach at 19.1 and 42.1 per 100,000 respectively; andcancers of the lung at 8.3 and 33.2 per 100,000 respectively. Liver cancer was the most common cause of death ineach gender, the ASMR being lower for females than males at 60.6 compared with 94.8 per 100,000. In femalesthe next most common sites of cancer death were the stomach and esophagus, whereas in males, they were thestomach and lung. Discussion: Available data indicate that ASRs of all cancers collectively have increased overthe last 20 years. Rates are highest for liver cancer, at about four times the world average. The most commoncancers are those with a primary site of liver, stomach and esophagus, for which cases fatality rates are high inall populations. Emphasis is given in the National Cancer Control Program (NCCP) to limiting treatment forthese and other high-fatality cancers to the small sub-set of potentially curable cases, while focusing on palliativecare and patient support for the remainder. Meanwhile opportunities are being pursued to prevent liver cancerthrough hepatitis B vaccination and lung cancer through tobacco control, and to reduce cervical cancer mortalityby finding lesions at a pre-malignant or early invasive stage.
cancer
Incidence
mortality
Cancer control
Mongolia
2010
06
01
1509
1514
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25406_02b66c17b6521690cf8e8b347af39e3f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Perceptions and Opinions Regarding Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination Among Young Women in Malaysia
Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the perceptions and opinions of young women about humanpapilloma virus (HPV) vaccination and associated barriers. Methodology: This qualitative in-depth interviewstudy was conducted in January 2010 with 30 university students from different faculties, i.e.: InternationalMedical School (IMS), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences (FHLS), Faculty of Business Management &Professional Studies (FBMP) and Faculty of Information Sciences and Engineering (FISE) of the Managementand Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Malaysia. After consent was obtained from all participants, theinterviewer wrote down the conversations during the interview sessions. The data obtained were classified intovarious categories and analyzed manually. Results: The majority of participants 25 (83%) had heard aboutcervical cancer, while 16 (53.3%) have never heard of HPV. Only five participants (17%) mentioned that HPV isthe cause of cervical cancer. Ten participants (33.3%) did not know any causes. The majority 16 (53.3%) did notknow the mode of HPV transmission. The majority of participants 22 (73.3%) mentioned that they had not beenvaccinated against HPV. Out of 22, 16 (53.3%) agreed to be vaccinated in the future to protect themselves fromcervical cancer and five (17%) participants mentioned they are not willing because of the uncertain safety of theavailable vaccines and their side effects. Conclusion: This study showed relatively poor knowledge about HPVand its vaccines, pointing to urgency of educational campaigns aimed at students in the public and governmentuniversities to promote HPV vaccination among this highly eligible population.
Perceptions
HPV vaccination
Young Women
Malaysia
2010
06
01
1515
1521
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25407_12fa4fe6367defbc5f38b913a798c1fe.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Negative Impact of Chemotherapy on Breast Cancer Patients QOL - Utility of Antiemetic Treatment Guidelines and the Role of Race
Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most important worries ofcancer patients. Although not life-threatening, it has a great negative impact on quality of life (QOL). Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the impact of CINV (i.e., acute and delayed) on breast cancer patientsQOL and to discern opinions related with antiemetic guidelines used dependent on the three main races inMalaysia (Malay, Chinese, Indian). Methods: In this longitudinal prospective observational study, 158 breastcancer patients treated with chemotherapy were interviewed and valid questionnaires (MANE and ONEM) wereused to report the impact of CINV on their QOL within the first 24 hours and after 3 to 5 days of chemotherapytreatment. Results: The main result was that delayed CINV has an impact on QOL greater than acute CINV. Theimpact of nausea was reportedly higher than that of vomiting. Also differences in race i.e., genetic polymorphisms(pharmacogenomics) influenced the utility of antiemetic treatments and patients opinions. Conclusion: Based onthe results of our study a new guideline for antiemetic treatment should be used to reduce the impact of CINVon QOL, taking into account variation in genetic polymorphisms among the three races in Malaysia.
CINV
Acute
delayed
QOL
genetic polymorphisms
races
Malaysia
2010
06
01
1523
1527
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25408_fe55030cc3e36e59764f8d7f7b9bf649.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Patient and Disease Related Factors Associated with Lost-to Follow-Up/Drop-Outs of Cervical Cancer Patients: A Study at a Major Cancer Hospital in South India
Objective: Cervical cancer is the one of most common cancer in India, and a significant proportion of patientsdo not complete the prescribed courses of treatment and post therapy surveillance, due to deficiencies in treatmentavailability, accessibility, affordability and other socio-demographic factors. Materials and Methods: Cervicalcancer patient data for the year 2006-2007 were collected during June-August, 2008 from the Regional CancerCentre (RCC), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India and investigated for socio-economic, demographic anddisease (SEDD) related factors impacting patients to drop-out during treatment and patients to loss to follow-up(LFU) post therapy. Odds ratio (OR) for drop-out and LFU and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) accordingto SEDD factors were estimated through logistic regression model. Results: Among a total of 784 patients, 94(12%) did not complete the initially planned treatment and among 690 cases who had completed the initiallyplanned treatment, 34% were lost to follow up (LFU). In the multivariate analysis, higher chances of LFU forolder patients (OR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.1), widowed/divorced/separated/unmarried (OR=1.5; 95%CI: 1.0-2.1),middle school education (OR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.0-3.1), poorer performance status (OR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.2-5.0) andin higher stages (OR= 4.6; 95% CI: 2.1- 10.3). Higher chances of drop-outs were noted for patients with mediumincome (OR=2.0; 95% CI: 1.0-4.1), higher stages (OR=4.8; 95% CI: 1.9-12.2) and ischemic heart disease (OR=3.4;95% CI: 1.1-10.9). Conclusion: Drop-out rates are associated with disease related factors and patients in theLFU group were affected mainly by SEDD factors. Physicians should be aware of patients’ different needs inthese two different phases, thus improving the retention rate in the near future of cancer treatment.
cervical cancer
treatment drop-out
loss to follow-up
India
2010
06
01
1529
1534
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25409_3377d578e9bed9e764fbf29c03a903db.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Pattern of Weight Changes in Women with Breast Cancer
This study describes weight changes experienced by Malaysian women with breast cancer. Women withbreast cancer (n=368) were recruited from eight hospitals and four breast cancer support groups in PeninsularMalaysia. Current weight was measured and weight at the time of diagnosis and a year preceding diagnosiswere based on self-reports. Change in weight was determined from the year preceding breast cancer diagnosisto study entry (time 1), at the time of diagnosis to study entry (time 2) and from a year preceding breast cancerdiagnosis to the time of diagnosis (time 3). Current body mass index, at a year preceding diagnosis and at thetime of diagnosis were determined. Waist circumference was also measured. The sample comprised 57% Malay,34% Chinese and 9.8% Indian women. The mean age of the women was 54 ± 9.04 years and over 80% were postmenopausal.Majority of the women were in stage I and stage II breast cancer at the time of diagnosis. The mostcommon treatments received by these women were chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and mastectomy.Overweight and obesity were prevalent in over 40% of the survivors at all three periods. Significant weightchanges were observed during time 1 (-0.74 ± 4.78kg, p< 0.001), time 2 (2.73 ± 8.06kg, p< 0.001) and time 3 (3.47± 7.53kg, p< 0.001). At time 1, almost 50% showed no changes in their weight. At time 2, nearly two-thirds hadgained weight and at time 3, 69% had gained weight, abdominal obesity was observed in nearly two-thirds ofthe women at study entry. A significant difference in weight change among age groups was observed in time 2and time 3. All ethnic groups had significant weight change in time 1 and time 2. Significant weight gain wasobserved in relation to body mass index prior to diagnosis, at diagnosis and at study entry. However, no significantdifference in weight change by educational level, family history of cancer and cancer stages were observed in all3 periods. In conclusion, significant weight gain was evident in this sample of women after diagnosis of breastcancer and treatment. Women with breast cancer should be encouraged to maintain normal body mass indexand waist circumference through appropriate diet and regular physical activity which may help to reduce theirrisk of recurrence, secondary cancer and metastasis.
Weight change
breast cancer
Malaysian Women
2010
06
01
1535
1540
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25410_26a2421cda12ab6d4f4bf01f2fe27b1c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Significance of Fecal Deoxycholic Acid Concentration for Colorectal Tumor Enlargement
Deoxycholic acid (DCA) has been shown to promote proliferation of colonic carcinoma cells in manyfundamental studies. However, no large-scale prospective clinical study providing direct evidence for anassociation of DCA with progress of colorectal tumor development in humans has been reported to date. Toaddress this question, we conducted a two-step epidemiological study applying enzyme-linked immunosorbentassays to measure fecal cholic acid (CA) and DCA concentrations. Firstly, we compared bile acid concentrationsof fecal samples from 366 patients who had multiple colorectal tumors removed endoscopically (tumor group)with those from 24 controls without abnormality in their large intestine (control group). Secondly, the tumorgroup was followed-up to evaluate the association between fecal bile acid concentrations and recurrence ofcolorectal tumors four years later. Fecal DCA level in the tumor group were significantly higher than that in thecontrols, whereas there was no difference in CA levels between the two groups. In the tumor group, a subgroupwith high DCA level had higher recurrence risk of large adenomas (> 3 mm) four years later than the low DCAsubgroup (odds ratio:1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.12-3.05). This trend was observed more strongly in the leftside colon. In conclusion, a high fecal DCA concentration may be a promoter of colorectal tumor enlargement.
colorectal cancer
bile acids
prospective cohort study
deoxycholic acid
2010
06
01
1541
1546
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25411_e25dfa416828c159c718cf4b31215777.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Prevalence and Pattern of Dokha Use Among Medical and Allied Health Students in Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Globally, tobacco is considered to be one among the leading causes of death. Dokha is a mixture of Iraniantobacco with aromatic leaf and bark herbs, smoked in a small pipe termed a Midwakh thought to have originatedin the Arabian Peninsula. The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence and pattern of dokha use amongMedical University students. Prior to participation in the study, the students were provided with information on thepurpose of the study and also assured that confidentiality would be maintained. A self-administered questionnairewas then utilized for collection of data which were processed using Excel spread sheet and analysed using PASW17. A total of 104 students between 17 and 27 years of age participated, 75% of the respondents being females.The prevalence of dokha smoking was higher among male participants than females. Among dokha smokers,the majority (18.6%) were from the College of Allied Health Sciences. 11.5% reported as being lifetime smokersof dokha and 25% had smoked dokha daily over the past month. We conclude that dokha use among our targetpopulation is common and hence favor developmentn of an anti-smoking program for university students.
Dokha smoking
midwakh
Prevalence
University Students
2010
06
01
1547
1549
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25412_d3d5b1b5f4ed516978bfbe544d788d87.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Burden of Disease Associated with Cervical Cancer in Malaysia and Potential Costs and Consequences of HPV Vaccination
Background: An estimated 70% of cervical cancers worldwide are attributable to persistent infection withhuman papillomaviruses (HPV) 16 and 18. Vaccination against HPV 16/18 has been shown to dramatically reducethe incidence of associated precancerous and cancerous lesions. The aims of the present analyses were, firstly, toestimate the clinical and economic burden of disease attributable to HPV in Malaysia and secondly, to estimatelong-term outcomes associated with HPV vaccination using a prevalence-based modeling approach. Methods:In the first part of the analysis costs attributable to cervical cancer and precancerous lesions were estimated;epidemiologic data were sourced from the WHO GLOBOCAN database and Malaysian national data sources.In the second part, a prevalence-based model was used to estimate the potential annual number of cases ofcervical cancer and precancerous lesions that could be prevented and subsequent HPV-related treatment costsaverted with the bivalent (HPV 16/18) and the quadrivalent (HPV 16/18/6/11) vaccines, at the population level, atsteady state. A vaccine efficacy of 98% was assumed against HPV types included in both vaccines. Effectivenessagainst other oncogenic HPV types was based on the latest results from each vaccine’s respective clinical trials.Results: In Malaysia there are an estimated 4,696 prevalent cases of cervical cancer annually and 1,372 prevalentcases of precancerous lesions, which are associated with a total direct cost of RM 39.2 million with a furtherRM 12.4 million in indirect costs owing to lost productivity. At steady state, vaccination with the bivalent vaccinewas estimated to prevent 4,199 cervical cancer cases per year versus 3,804 cases for the quadrivalent vaccine.Vaccination with the quadrivalent vaccine was projected to prevent 1,721 cases of genital warts annually, whereasthe annual number of cases remained unchanged with the bivalent vaccine. Furthermore, vaccination with thebivalent vaccine was estimated to avert RM 45.4 million in annual HPV-related treatment costs (direct+indirect)compared with RM 42.9 million for the quadrivalent vaccine. Conclusion: This analysis showed that vaccinationagainst HPV 16/18 can reduce the clinical and economic burden of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions inMalaysia. The greatest potential economic benefit was observed using the bivalent vaccine in preference to thequadrivalent vaccine.
Cervical cancer burden
HPV vaccination
Malaysia
2010
06
01
1551
1559
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25413_95605f3b02e1abf3892ff684761fd6db.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Survival Analysis of 2003-2005 Data from the Population-based Cancer Registry in Macao
Aim: Macao Cancer Registry was established in 2003. It is population-based and has been collecting cancerreports from all possible settings where pathological and management services are available. To get a betteridea over the prognosis and survival of all and major cancer sites, a survival analysis was here performed toestimate the relative survival rates of cancers diagnosed and registered during 2003 to 2005 with a follow-up ofvital status till 31 Dec, 2008. Methods: 3,244 cancer cases diagnosed and registered during 2003-2005 in MacaoCancer Registry were considered for analysis. Cases of in-situ carcinoma, extreme age and poor data quality weredeliberately excluded, leaving 2,623 newly diagnosed cancers eligible. Vital status of registered cases through 31December 2008 was confirmed by matching with death certificates and review from the Hospital InformationSystem (HIS) of the only public hospital. Observed survival rates were calculated using a Life Table method,and relative survival rates were examined using an algorithm written in SAS by Paul Dickman with minoradaptations. Apart from general relative survival rates, specific rates by sex and age strata were also estimated.Results: 3-year and 5-year relative survival rates of all cancers were 61% and 56% respectively for both sexes;(54% and 47%, respectively, for males and 68% and 64%for females). The 3-year relative survival rates formajor cancer sites ranged from 21% to 90%, with lung cancer showing the lowest and female breast cancer thehighest. 5-year relative survival rates for major cancer sites ranged from 18% to 85%, with liver cancer showingthe lowest and again female breast cancer the highest. Female cancer patients had higher relative survival thanmales across the 5-year follow up period, with a sex difference of nearly 15%. Conclusion: Comparison of survivalrates from this first trial in Macao, deriving survival statistics from population-based cancer registration, withother Asian countries/cities, like Taiwan, Singapore and Japan, showed Macao and Taiwan to have the closestestimates for 3-year relative survival. Random variation was found to exist in the stratification of sex and age incertain cancer sites due to scarce case numbers in the subgroups. It is important to note that the 3-year survivalrates are relatively more consistent and reliable than 4-year or 5-year ones. Promotion of reporting cancerstage by physicians as well as improvement in data quality of cancer registration are essential to allow furtherinformative statistics derived from the cancer registry with reference to cancer prevention.
relative survival
population-based cancer registry data
Macao
2010
06
01
1561
1567
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25414_aa7c2529874d814998ace19e8b046b66.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Do Turkish Nursing and Midwifery Students Teach Breast Self-Examination to Their Relatives?
Aim: To describe health beliefs and breast self-examination (BSE) practice of Turkish female nursing andmidwifery students and assess teaching of BSE to their mothers, sisters, relatives. Methods: The study wasdesigned as a definition survey, withe data obtained from 113 participants, in third and fourth class and theirmothers, sisters, relatives in Turkey. Data were collected by using a personal data form, knowledge evaluationform for BSE (Maurer 1997) and the Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale. Results: Students had learnedabout breast cancer and BSE in their lessons one or two years previous to the study. Knowledge level scores of thestudents were 52.3 ± 9.63 (min:25, max: 75). Rate of regular BSE was 32.7%. When health belief scale assessed,the average susceptibility was 7.52±2.62, seriousness was 21.8±5.30, benefit was 16.7±4.45, barrier was 22.3±6.44,confidence was 40.3±6.67 and medical motivation was 26.6±4.22. A statistically significant difference in the rateof having regular BSE and benefit, barrier scores was noted (p<0.05). Regarding BSE training, 91.3% (n = 106)gave assistance to their mother and sisters, 42.6% (n = 48) to relatives, 6.2% (n = 7) to friends, and 5.4% (n =6) to patients. Conclusions: Knowledge about breast cancer and BSE repetition training programs should beplanned for nursing/midwifery students. Their susceptibility, belief and attitudes, medical motivation with BSEshould thereby increase.
Breast self examination
female nursing/midwifery students
Training
family and friends
2010
06
01
1569
1573
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25415_5ce95fd7a82e245b8fc0d68de4ad269b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Comparision Quality of Life of Turkish Cancer Patients and Their Family Caregivers
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life (QoL) of cancer patients and their familycaregivers and determine associations. Methods: A total of 93 paired patients and caregivers from an outpatientchemotherapy unit of the oncology units were recruited at a large university hospital in İzmir, all completing theQuality of Life Scale (QoLS). Results: The mean age of patients was 45.2 years, and of their family caregiverswas 40.5. The results indicated that the patients perceived a poorer quality of life than their family caregivers.There was a middle and positive correlation between the social participation and work performance dimensionsof patients’ QoL and social participation and work performance dimension of family caregivers’ QoL (r =0.273,p< 0.01). The study revealed that the gender, education level, employment and marital status were not statisticallysignificant factors affecting the patients’ quality of life (p> 0.05). Caregivers’ employment status was found tohave an affect on their quality of life (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Cancer affects not only the patients but also theirfamily caregivers. Both should be taught communication skills, financial planning and distress managementskills and be given spiritual support to decrease effects of cancer on their quality of life.
cancer patients
family caregivers
Quality of Life
Nursing
the quality of life scale
2010
06
01
1575
1579
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25416_7bd622def26139c845dc4fe7b6a2a5c0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Is Tumor Growth Faster with Obstructive Colonic Cancer?
Background: It is generally known that long duration of untreated colonic cancer can lead to obstruction.Another contributing factor might be tumor growth rate. The present study was conducted to compare tumorgrowth rates related to lymph node metastasis of the obstructive and non-obstructive colonic cancers. Methods:169 patients who underwent operations for colonic cancer were studied retrospectively. Patient and tumorcharacteristics as well as clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: 94 patients (55.6%) presented with obstructedcolonic cancers, and 75 (44.4%) with non-obstructed, 78.7% and 57.3%, respectively having a tumor size greaterthan 5 cm. On logistic regression analysis, both groups had similar lymph node metastasis rates (OR=1.6; 95%CI=0.8-3.2). Conclusion: No relations between obstruction and tumour size or lymph node metastasis werefound. Thus, obstructions only occur because of other factors and do not contribute to tumor growth. Utilizingeffective screening programs to determine obstructions is recommended.
Obstructive colonic cancer
Lymph node metastasis
tumor growth rate
2010
06
01
1581
1585
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25417_854f626eeeced6b2ebe799dc3df5da5c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
A Comparison of Two Methods to Estimate the Cancer Incidence and Mortality Burden in China in 2005
Knowledge of the cancer profile is an important step in planning rational cancer control programs andevaluation of their impact. Due to rapid changes in cancer incidence in China, national surveys may beinsufficiently timely to provide adequate descriptions of the national burden. To evaluate the utility of cancerregistries in describing the national cancer profile, this study compared two methods of estimating nationalcancer-specific incidence and mortality in China 2005, based on the Third National Death Survey (methodI) as compared with registry material (method II). A total of 2.6 million cancer cases and 1.8 million cancerdeaths were estimated by method I, as compared to 2.8 million cancer cases and 1.9 million cancer deaths usingmethod II. The higher level of burden using the latter method in part may be due to a sizable differential in themagnitude of incidence rates across registries for certain cancer sites. Most cancer registries have been locatedin relatively more developed urban areas, or rural areas associated with higher risk for certain cancers. Thereare substantial differences in the cancer profile between urban and rural communities in China, and there maybe concerns regarding the national representativeness of the data aggregated from this set of cancer registries.Timely and reliable estimation of cancer can only be realized if accurate information is available from cancerregistries covering representative samples of the country.
cancer
Incidence
mortality- estimation
China
2010
06
01
1587
1594
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25418_1830692919e4aef24ffcc3b77cd9826a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
No Incidence Trends and No Change in Pathological Proportions of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Zhongshan in 1970-2007
Objectives: To explore nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) incidence and pathological data of Zhongsha, China,in 1970-2007, and to provide scientific information for prevention and control. Methods: From ZhongshanCancer Registry NPC data, incident numbers, crude incidence rates, age -adjusted incidence rates, proportionof pathology and incident trends were calculated and analyzed. Results: The male and female NPC world agestandardizedincidence rates were 27.5/105 and 11.3/105 respectively, and were relatively stable in 1970-2007 inZhongshan. The non-keratinizing type accounted for 84.6 percent of all NPC new cases and the keratinizing typeonly 5.8 percent, and there wase no obvious changing in pathological proportions over 38 years. Conclusion:NPC incidence level was high and stable in Zhongshan in 1970-2007. It suggested that its prevention and controlshould be enhanced.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Incidence
Pathology
Trend
2010
06
01
1595
1599
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25419_0e5dfcc222bc39b2709042f99c2759cc.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
NER and BER Repair Gene Polymorphisms in a Healthy North Indian Cohort and Comparison with Different Ethnic Groups Worldwide
Background: Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes are associated with ability to remove DNA lesions, andtherefore may contribute to an individual’s susceptibility to different types of cancer. Base excision repair (BER),and nucleotide excision repair (NER) are the main DNA repair pathways. The present study was conductedto determine the frequency distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected for genes in thesetwo pathways i.e. OGG1 Exon 7 (C1245G), XPC Intron 9 (PAT), and Exon 15 (A33512C) in a North Indianpopulation in comparison with global populations. Methods: Genotyping was achieved by PCR-based analysis in224 normal healthy, unrelated individuals of similar ethnicity. Results: Allelic frequencies in wild type of OGG1Exon 7 C>G were 73% (C); XPC PAT D>I 75% (D); and XPC Exon 15 A>C 60.71.9% A. On the other hand, thevariant allele frequency were 27% (G) in OGG1 Exon 7 C>G; 25% (I) in XPC PAT; and 28.1% (C) in XPC Exon15 A>C. Major differences from other ethnic populations were observed. Conclusions: Our results suggest thatfrequency distribution in these DNA repair genes exhibited a distinctive pattern in our population which couldbe attributed to ethnic variation. This could assist in high-risk screening of humans exposed to environmentalcarcinogens and cancer predisposition in different ethnic groups.
DNA repair genes
polymorphisms
Ethnic Groups
2010
06
01
1601
1604
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25420_26289746c3b33e27c5b361b166f2a31c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas in an Indian Rural Medical Institution: Comparative Clinicopathologic Analysis
In this prospective, hospital-based two year study, we comparatively evaluated clinicopathologic featuresof Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL, n = 48) and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL, n = 76) in an Indian rural medicalinstitution. A lower median age of onset (28.1 versus 39.9 years) and and higher male to female ratio (3.8:1versus 3.2:1) were noted for HL compared to NHL. The commonest symptom was neck swelling (58.3% versus65.8%) while peripheral lymphadenopathy was the commonest sign (83.3% versus 94.7%). The commonestlymph-node group involved was cervical (79.2% versus 79.0%). Bone marrow involvement was lower in HL(8.33% versus 18.4%). The commonest histological subtype was mixed cellularity (45.8%) in HL and diffusemixed variant (31.6%) in NHL. Most cases presented at advanced stage (54.2% in HL, 71.1 % in NHL). Hencea distinct clinicopathologic profile was noted in HL and NHL that are comparable to other Indian studies butdifferent from Western studies. Recognition of such characteristic features should assist in providing appropriatediagnosis and suitable management in rural communities having limited access to sophisticated medical services.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Clinicopathology
Rural India
2010
06
01
1605
1608
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25421_6cf2e71ee6ee2d53427abf881b9f7253.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Knowledge about Oral Cancer in Adults Attending a Dental Hospital in India
The incidence of oral cancer in India is on the rise due to increasing consumption of alcohol and tobaccoproducts. The study was conducted with the aim to assess the associated knowledge in adults attending a dentalcollege. Specific objectives were to: 1) assess the knowledge of risk factors for oral cancer 2) assess the knowledgeof signs of oral cancer; 3) determine factors influencing level of knowledge. All adult patients visiting the dentalcollege were randomly selected to participate in a questionnaire survey, printed both in English and the locallanguage - Kannada. Some 69.8% (n=166) and 37.8% (n=90) respectively were able to correctly identify tobaccoand alcohol as risk factors for oral cancer. Only 20.2% (n=48) and 18.1% (n=43) respectively were able tocorrectly identify a white lesion and a red lesion as early signs of oral cancer. Respondents who were younger,those who had >12yrs of education were more likely to be more knowledgeable of risk factors for oral cancer.Those with higher knowledge of risk factor scores were 4.5 times more likely to obtain ≥1 knowledge of signsscore. (p< 0.0000). Knowledge of risk factors and signs of oral cancer was low and misinformation was high,hence there is a need to focus on educational interventions in a hospital based setting to improve knowledge.
Knowledge
oral cancer
risk factors
signs
dental college
India
2010
06
01
1609
1613
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25422_2e3ccb5a262e9fa9a8dd35f93f546d0a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Differential Diagnosis of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Benign Tumors of Cutaneous Appendages Originating from Hair Follicles by Using CD34
Background and Aims: Differential diagnosis of the group of benign trichoblastomas, trichofolliculomas,trichoadenomas and trichoepitheliomas, and basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) is troublesome for the clinician aswell as the pathologist, especially when only small biopsy specimens are available. Here we investigated whetherCD34 expression might be of assistance. Methods: Thirty benign tumors of cutaneous appendages originatingfrom hair follicles (BTCOHF) and 30 BCCs were retrieved from our archives and immunohistochemicallystained. CD 34 expression was graded from [0] to [2+] and compared among the groups and subgroups. Results:There was no significant difference between the degree of expression between [0] and [1+] and [0] and [2+] foreach group. However, [1+] and [2+] immunopositivity of BTCOHFs was significantly stronger than in BCCs(p= 0.014). Conclusions: CD34 may contribute to differential diagnosis of skin lesions.
Basal cell cancer
hair follicle lesions
CD 34 immunohistochemistry
2010
06
01
1615
1619
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25423_e798d7398827d42d5ae24b4d7040e031.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Measurement of Spices and Seasonings in India: Opportunities for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention
Bioactive components of many foods added during cooking have potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial, antibacterial and chemopreventive properties. However, epidemiologic studies generally do notcollect detailed information on these items, which include spices, chilies, coconuts, garlic, onions, and oils. SinceIndia has some of the highest spice consumption in the world, we developed a computer-based food preparerquestionnaire to estimate per capita consumption of 19 spices, chilies, coconuts, garlic, onions, and 13 cookingoils among 3,625 participants in the India Health Study, a multicenter pilot study in three regions of India. Weobserved notable regional differences in consumption of spices, chilies, coconut, garlic, and onions. In Trivandrum,over 95 percent of the participants consumed 12 different spices, while in New Delhi and Mumbai, 95 percentof participants consumed only four and five spices, respectively. Cooking oil use also varied, as ghee was mostcommon in New Delhi (96.8%) followed by mustard seed oil (78.0%), while in Trivandrum the primary oil wascoconut (88.5%) and in Mumbai it was peanut (68.5%). There was some variation in consumption by education,income, and religion. Using a novel method for assessing food items primarly added during cooking, we successfullyestimated per capita consumption within an epidemiologic study. Based on basic science research and suggestiveecologic level data on cancer incidence and spice consumption, improving epidemiologic assessment of thesepotentially chemopreventive food items may enhance our understanding of diet and cancer risk.
India
Diet
spices
cooking oils
Cancer Prevention
2010
06
01
1621
1629
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25424_e3d17139024879c73e149b4bd0097615.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Population-based Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer in Five High-risk Areas in China
Objective: To study major etiological factors for esophageal cancer in upper gastrointestinal cancer high riskareas in China. Methods: Five areas with high incidences of esophageal and gastric cancer with good qualitycancer registration data were selected for the study: Cixian, Shexian from Hebei Province, Linxian from HenanProvince, Feicheng from Shandong Province and Zhuanghe from Liaoning Province. A total of 250 cases wererandomly recruited from the cancer registration database diagnosed as arising in the lower esophageal segmentsince January 1, 2009. Three controls were identified and matched with each case as having similar characteristics,such as gender, sex and residency. Questionnaires were applied by face to face interview with trained staff, anddata entry was conducted using EPIDATA software. Conditional logistic models were employed for univariateand multivariate analyses to evaluate odd ratios and 95% confident intervals, with SPSS 13.0 statistic software.Results: In single variable analysis, gastrointestinal history, GERD, smoking, passive smoking, alcohol drinking,hot food, pickled food, overnight vegetable, dried food, no breakfast, false dining posture were found to be riskfactors of esophageal cancer. Eating more fresh vegetables and high BMI were protective factors. Gastrointestinalhistory (OR=12.658), not taking regular meals (3.465), overnight vegetables (OR=3.296), GERD (OR=3.044),hot food (OR=2.510), passive smoking (OR=2.423), pickled food (OR=2.273), alcohol drinking (OR=2.074),seldom eating breakfast(OR=1.987), and false dining posture (OR=1.977) increased the risk of esophageal canceron multivariate logistic analysis, and fresh vegetables (OR=0.279) and BMI≥25 (OR=0.528) continued to beprotective. Conclusions: Esophageal cancer could be caused by genetics acting in synergy with environmentalfactors. Health education for the general population in high risk areas should be strengthened, with interventionprograms of nutrition and lifestyle focusing on effective prevention and control for upper gastrointestinal cancer.
Esophageal Cancer
high risk regions of China
Case-control study
risk factor
2010
06
01
1631
1636
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25425_ac81b66f77001da42ce7af10810057b0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Gliomas: Correlation of Histologic Grade, Ki67 and p53 Expression with Patient Survival
Background: Gliomas are grouped into grades 1 to 4 on the basis of morphologic criteria. Grade is the mostsignificant prognostic factor determining survival, but various proliferation markers are being increasinglyemployed by histopathologists as adjuncts to conventional morphologic variables to determine prognosticbehavior of brain tumors. The most widely used and useful of these are MIB1 (Ki67) and p53. Objective: Tocorrelate World Health Organization (WHO) grades of glial neoplasms and expression of MIB1 and P53 by thesetumors with patient survival at the end of one year. Material and Methods: 50 consecutive cases with confirmeddiagnosis of various histologic types of glial neoplasms were included. Grading was done according to the WHOgrading system for CNS neoplasms. Immunohistochemical staining of p53 and MIB1 (Ki67) was performed andscores were calculated. Results: A significant correlation was shown between WHO histologic grade and patientsurvival (p value:0.004) and a marginal correlation was seen between MIB1 score and patient survival (p value:0.233). Conclusion: Histologic grade is the most important prognostic factor with respect to patient survival inglial neoplasms. Immunohistochemical staining with MIB1 and p53 may serve as an additional useful toolindetermining the clinical course in combination with and as an adjunct to tumor grade. However, the fact thatfollow-up was available in only twenty out of the fifty cases is a limitation of the present study.
gliomas
histologic grade
MIB1
p53
2010
06
01
1637
1640
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25426_f2cec311012cdde0346dd3d51bf505af.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Factors Affecting Cervical Screening Among Turkish Women
Background: Cervical cancer is second most common cancer among women worldwide. Objective: Todeterminate pap smear test rates and affecting factors among Turkish women. Methods: This descriptive andcross-sectional questionnaire study covered 397 women consulting at Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of Birth andChildren’s Hospital in Ordu province, enrolled non-consecutively as volunteers after providing informed consent.Data for women who had a history of at least one pap smear in her history were compared with those havingnone. Results: 24.7% of women had knowledge about the pap smear test and 11.8% of them had undergoneat least one pap smear test. Higher mean age (p=0.000), high education level (p=0.013), duration of marriage(p=0.001), working outside home (p=0.000), use of contraceptive method (p=0.000), history of cancer in women’sfamily or relatives (p=0.021), having a sexually transmitted disease history (p=0.042), positive attitude towardsgynecologic examination of women (p=0.000) and considering oneself in a cervical cancer risk group (p=0.004)were positively associated with a pap smear test history. Conclusion: Since the rate of pap smear testing wasvery low, education of women about screening and protection against cervical cancer appears a high priority.
cervical cancer
pap test history
Influencing Factors
2010
06
01
1641
1644
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25427_ca25797a2d7497b61e386a26c75be12f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
High Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus DNA Detected in Cervical Swabs from Women in Southern Selangor, Malaysia
Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known to play an important role in thegenesis of cervical cancer. Since new screening and prevention strategies, namely improved HPV testing andHPV vaccination have been aggressively promoted recently, it is crucial to investigate the HPV distribution inMalaysia in order to maximize their cost-effectiveness. This study was therefore conducted to assess the HPVtype distribution in the most populous region, the state of Selangor. A total of 200 cervical swab samples werecollected in two health-screening campaigns, and also from women attending obstetrics and gynecology clinics inseveral hospitals in Selangor. DNA extraction was performed and HPV DNA was detected via nested PCR usingMY09/MY11 as outer primers and GP5+/GP6+ as inner primers which target the L1 gene of the viral genome.The purified PCR products were subjected to automated DNA sequencing to determine the HPV genotype. Outof 180 β-globin positive samples, 84 (46.7%) were positive for HPV DNA. The most common HPV type foundwas high-risk oncogenic type 16 (40%), followed by HPV type 18 (3.3%), HPV 33 (1.7%), HPV 31 (0.6%), andlow-risk HPV 87 (0.6%). Our study confirmed that nested PCR method is highly sensitive in detecting HPV DNAeven in low risk patients. Since a relatively high prevalence rate of HPV infection was found in this population,prompt healthcare policy changes to bring about implementation of early HPV vaccination program is desirableto prevent a high incidence of cervical cancer.
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
cervical cancer
Malaysian Women
Nested PCR
2010
06
01
1645
1651
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25428_7f8243038eb3917cee45520690367a15.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Association of a CYP17 Gene Polymorphism with Development of Breast Cancer in India
The human CYP17 gene, located on chromosome 10q24.3, plays a key role in sex steroid synthesis, mainlyrelated to estrogen. A 5’ UTR polymorphism involving a single base pair change in the promoter region resultsin increased transcriptional activity. In the present study of 250 breast cancer cases and 250 ma tched controls,the A1 genotype frequency was elevated in the disease group, while the A2 genotype frequency demonstratedno association. When data were stratified by risk conferring group, however, the A2 genotype frequency wasincreased in postmenopausal breast cancer cases (4.2%), patients positive for a family history of breast cancer(5.5%), high BMI, estrogen receptor (6.2%) and progesterone receptor negative (5.0%) status, HER2/neupositive (7.7%) status, positive node status (5.0%) as well as advanced stage of the disease. The A1A1 genotypelinked with increased production of androgens might impact on onset of breast cancer while the A2 allele showedassociations with respect to important risk conferring parameters.
CYP17
breast cancer
PCR-RFLP
receptor status
India
2010
06
01
1653
1657
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25429_f66956c51c0d4ae7c8b2be01a71304f5.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Psychological Symptoms, Illness-Related Concerns and Characteristics of Relatives of Turkish Patients with Cancer
Being the relative of a patient with cancer is often very stressful, and there is a need for information, support,and help for carers. It is also important for the relative to know that the patient receives care of a good quality.This research investigated the relationships between sociodemographic characteristics, illness related concernsand psychological symptom scores of relatives of the patients with cancer in an inpatient oncology clinic ofthe GATA. A Questionnaire and Symptom Distress Check List (SCL-90-R) was administered to 106 relativesof in-patients and statistically significant relationships were found between the following characteristics andpsychological symptom scores: sex, education level, duration of stay in hospital, having emotional problems andhaving financial problems. It was established that most problems of relatives were psychological and financial(p<0.05). Cancer is still a great source of fear and it is evident that offering psychosocial support at a professionallevel in addition to medical treatment will yield more favorable results for both patients and their relatives.
Patient care
relatives of cancer patients
psychological symptoms
oncology social work
Turkey
2010
06
01
1659
1667
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25430_1a8b7de593a960285b72285bd152804c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
“Caregiver Strain Index” Validity and Reliability In Turkish Society
Objective: The Caregiver Strain İndex (CSI) made up of 13 items was developed by Robinson (1983) andassesses the subjective care load of the caregiver. This study was conducted to evaluate its validity and reliabilityfor Turkish society. Design: a cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants: 132 family members providingcare for cancer patients Intervention: CSI was adopted for Turkey and administered twice via face-to- faceinterviews to 132 family members providing care for cancer patients from the Day Patient Unit of Ege Universityhospital. The content validity of the “Caregiver Strain Index” Kendall analysis was used while Pearson’s momentCorrelation Coefficient was applied for the test reset reliability of the scale and Cronbach’s Alpha Interpretationstatistical analysis tests for internal consistency and rotated factor loading of items of the scale. Results: Validityof the index was found to be 0.41 and test-retest reliability 0.75. While the Cronbach’s alpha value of the indexfor first administration was 0.77, it was found to be 0.73 for the second administration. Conclusions: At the endof our study, validity and reliability of the index were established, indicating utility in studies for assessing thecare load of individuals providing care to cancer patients in Turkish society.
cancer
caregiver
caregiver strain index
Validity
Reliability
Turkish society
2010
06
01
1669
1675
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25431_362ddb53335f22cfa23304f7955703ee.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
RASSF1A Promoter Hypermethylation as a Prognostic Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
This study was performed to determine whether epigenetic aberrant methylation of RASSF1A might beassociated with hepatocarcinogenesis. Methylation specific-PCR was performed to identify RASSF1A promoterhypermethylation in 29 tumors and corresponding normal liver tissues. In addition, RASSF1A mRNA levelswere analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Aberrant methylation of RASSF1A wasdetected in 25 of 29 cases (86%), with loss of RASSF1A expression evident in 8 of 22 cases (36%). No correlationbetween loss of RASSF1A mRNA and promoter hypermethylation of the RASSF1A gene was observed. Therewas a significant correlation between the methylation status of RASSF1A and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)patients who did not undergo chemotherapy (P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis, adjusted for tumor size, treatment,RASSF1A hypermethylation, and RASSF1A under-expression, showed RASSF1A hypermethylation to beassocaited with a better prognosis for HCC patients (HR= 0.089, 95%CI = 0.013-0.578; P = 0.012). Our findingsshowed that RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation occurs frequently, and may serve as a good prognostic factor.
Hepatocellular carcinoma
RASSF1A
DNA Methylation
methylation-specific PCR
Thailand
2010
06
01
1677
1681
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25432_9d1772d18935df600229fbf1e52dc40b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Trends in Incidence of Childhood Lymphoma in Khon Kaen, Thailand, 1985-2008
Background: Lymphoma is the second most common of childhood cancer in Thailand, but data on trendsover time are limited. Objective: To perform a statistic assessment of the incidence trend of childhood lymphomain Khon Kaen, Thailand, between 1985 and 2008. Method: All children aged < 15 years newly diagnosed withlymphoma according to International Childhood Cancer Classification (ICCC) during January 1, 1985- December31, 2008 were collected from data base of Khon Kaen Provincial Registry. Aged-adjusted incidence rates (ASRs)were calculated by standard method and trends were calculated using the generalized linear model method, which utilizes incidence-rate-base logarithms. Results: During 1985-2008 there were 72 children (47boys and 25 girls) who were diagnosed with lymphoma in Khon Kaen province. The peak age-group of diseasewas in the 5-9 year olds for both sexes. All cases were pathologically proven. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)was more common than Hodgkin disease (ratio 7:1). The overall ASR was 6.04 per million (95%CI: 4.64 to 7.45)and the ASR was 7.64 per million (95%CI: 5.44 to 9.84) in boys and 4.37 per million (95%CI: 2.64 to 6.10) ingirls. Significant increases were observed for boys, since the 2006 to 2008 ASR was 15.3 per million (95%CI:5.73 to 25.0). Trend analyses during 1985 - 2008 showed that incidence among boys for lymphoma increasedby 1.38 percent per year (95%CI:- 4.6-8.3) while the incidence among girl decreased by 2.6 percent per year(95%CI:- 12-6.8). Conclusions: Our data showed that the incidence of childhood lymphoma in Khon Kaenprovince was similar to the one of Thailand but lower than those of western countries. During the past 24 years,the incidence trend seems to be increasing in boys but decreasing in girls. Interpretation is difficult without abetter understanding of what underlies the reported changes.
childhood
Lymphoma
Incidence
Trends
cancer registry
Khon Kaen
2010
06
01
1683
1686
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25433_1f23defdc242cd21fc9553db7a8b660c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Cytogenetic Methods for Assessing Human Exposure to Toluene in Coimbatore, South India
The aim of the present study was to identify genetic alterations occurring in rotograving workers chronicallyexposed to toluene. A total of 60 samples from 30 exposed subjects and 30 age-matched controls, selected basedon the toluene level present in their urine, were recruited. Exposed subjects were categorized based on theirduration of exposure and smoking habitats. Controls were normal and healthy and categorized based on theirsmoking habits. Cell cultures were established from blood samples collected from the control and experimentalsubjects after obtaining informed consent. G-banding and comet assays were used to identify genetic alterations.A higher degree of total chromosome aberration was identified in exposed subjects compared to controls. Asexpected, controls exhibited minimal number of alterations. The overall CA frequency due to toluene exposurewas significantly different from that of the controls for both chromatid and chromosome type aberrations (P\0.05by ANOVA). . The habit of cigarette smoking among the workers had a synergistic effect on inducing DNAdamage. In conclusion, this work shows a clear genotoxic effect associated with toluene exposure, our resultsalso reinforcing the conclusion of higher sensitivity of cytogenetic assays for the biomonitoring of occupationallyexposed populations. There is a strong need to educate those who work with potentially hazardous materialsabout adverse effects and highlight the importance of using protective measures.
human lymphocytes
Toluene
chromosome aberrations
comet assay
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
2010
06
01
1687
1693
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25434_d11a26c61807f2af6c9931d49666ad3a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
HPV Vaccine Awareness and Willingness of First-Year Students Entering University in Western Turkey
The objectives of this study were to assess the level of knowledge on HPV and HPV vaccination, and todetermine vaccination attitude among Ege university students in Izmir, Turkey. A cross-sectional survey wasconducted in first-year English preparatory class. Systematic cluster sampling was applied and 717 (72.6%) ofstudents registered to the 54 classes in 17 different faculties/schools were contacted. Data were collected betweenApril 30 and May 18, 2010, through a self-reported questionnaire including 40 questions. A knowledge score wascalculated by summing up the number of correct answers given to the 12 knowledge questions. Analyses weredone using t-test, chi-square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The mean age of participantswas 19.7±1.5 and 445 (62.1%) were female. Overall, 132 (18.9%) had experienced sexual intercourse, but only7 of them were female. Among participants, 24.1% had heard of HPV and 25.1% about HPV vaccine. Theknowledge item with the highest correct answer rate (32.3%) was that HPV caused cervical cancer. The meantotal knowledge score was remarkably poor (1.8±2.6 over 12 items), with 59.6% of respondents having zeroas their score. There was no difference in mean knowledge scores between males and females. Higher income,history of sexual intercourse and higher knowledge score were significant factors increasing HPV and vaccineawareness for the whole group, adjusted for gender. Genital cancer history in the family significantly increasedawareness, but only among girls. Only three students (0.4%) had already been vaccinated, all being female.Among females, 11.6% intended to be vaccinated vs. 10.1% for males, without any significant difference. Visiting agynaecologist/urologist in the last three years, a history of genital cancer in the family, vaccine awareness, a highertotal knowledge score, and being from the East of Turkey were significant predictors of a positive vaccinationattitude. HPVvaccination still remains as a ‘hot medical topic’ in Turkey, since it hasn’t yet become a popularhealth issue. Based on their age of first intercourse, first year at the university seems to be appropriate timingto inform Turkish girls, whereas it is a bit late for boys. Thus, integration of HPV education into secondary/highschool curricula should be considered.
HPV vaccine
University Students
young adults
Knowledge
attitudes
2010
06
01
1695
1701
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25435_c0fecf21cf9f49c123892fe38d7100e0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Assessing the Role of Education on Turkish University Students’ Knowledge about HPV and Related Diseases
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted causes ofinfections and adolescents are at high risk. The aim of the study was to evaluate university students’ HPVknowledge before and after educational intervention on HPV. Methods: This study was undertaken in the CelalBayar University, Manisa, Turkey. A total of 553 university students were educated about HPV and relateddiseases. Pre-test was administered before education intervention, and then university students’ knowledge wasevaluated by using post-test. Paired sample t test was used to evaluate differences between pre-test and post-testanswers. Results: The mean pre-test score for HPV knowledge was 11.6 (SD 1.76, range 10-20). After education,the mean post-test score was 18.8 (SD 1.52, range 11-20) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Information campaigns andeducation specifically targeting university students are needed in the near future, to promote greater and moreadequate knowledge of HPV and related diseases in the general population.
HPV
cervical cancer
Genital warts
University Students
2010
06
01
1703
1711
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25436_c08ceec6b642fe3a6e03f369d33eba8c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Meat Consumption, Meat Cooking and Risk of Lung Cancer Among Uruguayan Men
A case-control study was conducted in Uruguay, including 876 male cases of lung cancer and 876 malehospitalized controls, frequency matched for age (ten-year intervals), residence and hospital. The followingexplanatory variables were included in the study: fried red meat, barbecued red meat, boiled red meat, andsalted red meat. These items were log transformed and energy-adjusted by the residuals method. The followingpotential confounders were included into the models: age, residence, hospital, education, family history of lungcancer, body mass index, smoking index, alcohol drinking, mate consumption, total energy intake, non-meatfatty foods and total fruits. The main objective was to estimate the odds ratios associated with lung cancer risk.Whereas fried meat, barbecued meat, and salted meat were positively associated with risk (OR of the highestquartile of salted meat versus the lowest, 2.90, 95 % CI 1.99-4.25, p-value for trend <0.0001), boiled red meatwas mainly protective. We conclude that salted meat was the main risk factor. The mechanisms could be relatedto the content of N-nitroso compounds in salted meat.
Lung cancer
Case-control study
meat consumption
Uruguayan males
2010
06
01
1713
1717
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25437_f3981036455a411487758ea35a00203b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Clinicopathological Patterns of Colorectal Cancer in Tunisia
Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Design: In orderto review the clinical and pathological features of colorectal cancer in Tunisia, a retrospective study was carriedout on 1,443 cancer cases diagnosed in the Pathology Department, Farhet Hached University Hospital of Sousse,for a 15-year period (1993-2007). Results: The median age was 61 years. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent(90.9%) with moderately differentiated tumors accounting for 76.7% of cases. Only eighty patients were identifiedas being in early stages (0 and A) and 85.8% in advanced stages (B-D). Over time, we observed a significantdecrease of stage B (p=0.02) and a significant increase of stage D (p=0.002). The tumor size was larger than 5cm in 67.5% of cases. Conclusion: The large proportion of patients presented at advanced stages, compared toonly 5.5% of patients at early stages, emphasizes the need to plan and develop a screening program for the earlydetection of this cancer and its precursor lesions in Tunisia.
colorectal cancer
clinicopathological study
Screening program
Tunisia
2010
06
01
1719
1722
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25438_1eec3c8d66496f51e277ad065e76658e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Iranian Women Aged Less than 40 Years
This case-control study was carried out in a university-affiliated teaching hospital, Tehran city, Iran. A total of312 newly diagnosed cases aged less than 40 years old participated and were matched for age and ethnicity with312 controls. The results showed that in women who never married (OR=2.42 95%CI=1.51-3.88) (P<0.001), hada family history of breast cancer (OR=7.07 95%CI=2.95-16.99) (P<0.001), a low age of menarche (OR=0.1 95%CI=0.04-0.23) (P<0.001)), lower parity (OR=13.3 95% CI=3.89-45.66) (P<0.001) and took oral contraceptive pills(OR= 2.83 95% CI=1.87-4.24) (P<0.000) were at increased risk. A direct association with age at first birth wasalso evident(P=0.041), with a significantly inverse association between duration of lactation and breast cancer risk(p=0.016). On multivariate logistic regression, parity, family history of breast cancer, use of oral contraceptivepills, and age at first birth remained significant. In women lower than 40 years of age, breast cancer risk wassignificantly higher in women with parity ≥4 compared with nulliparity but no association emerged with historyof breast-feeding. Other risk factors were similar to those described in breast cancer epidemiology at any age.
young age
breast cancer
risk factors
Iran
2010
06
01
1723
1725
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25439_f2ff7bfdd9710b90334bb8651a70da0e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices about the Pap Smear among Medical Workers in Naresuan University Hospital
Background: Cervical cancer, very common in females of the developing world, has a long premalignantperiod. Primary and secondary prevention can reduce the incidence. The Pap smear is the main screening modalityin Thailand but the coverage is rather poor. Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the knowledge,attitudes and practices of medical workers in Naresuan university hospital who met the WHO guidelines forscreening. Methods: A questionnaire covering general characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices aboutcervical cancer screening was administered and the data obtained were analyzed with SPSS version 16. Results:The majority of the 78 included participants were nurses with an education mostly more than diploma level.Knowledge about the importance of the Pap smear, early detection and the treatment of early stage cervicalcancer was adequate (90.9 % and 81.6%, respectively) but awarness of cervical cancer risk factors was quitelow. The most frequent reasons for avoiding Pap smear screening were fear of vaginal examination (27.6%),embarrassment (26.3%), lack of any symptoms (22.4%) and being busy (17%). Conclusion: The Pap smear isappropriate for detection of premalignant lesions of cervical cancer in Thailand but the coverage is still low.Although this study was performed with medical workers, their compliance with screening recommendationswas still low. If we can improve the knowledge and attitudes about Pap smear cervical cancer screening insuch experts, they should be able to readily provide appropriate and accurate information to the population tomotivate the general population to join screening programs.
Pap smear
knowledge attitudes and practices
cervical cancer screening
secondary preve
2010
06
01
1727
1730
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25440_f2f293d8382aecdfa1ff5780111215ac.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Cancer Incidence Rates in Turkey in 2006: A Detailed Registry Based Estimation
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed report on cancer incidence in Turkey, a relativelylarge country with a population of 72 million. We present the estimates of the cancer burden in Turkey for2006, calculated using data from the eight population based cancer registries which have been set up in selectedprovinces representative of sociodemographic patterns in their regions. Methods: We calculated age specificand age adjusted incidence rates (AAIR–world standard population) for each of registries separately. Weassigned a weighting coefficient for each registry proportional to the population size of the region which theregistry represents. Results: We pooled a total of 24,428 cancers (14,581 males, 9,847 females). AAIRs per 100000 were: 210.1 in men and 129.4 in women for all cancer sites excluding non-melanoma skin cancer. The AAIRper 100 000 men was highest for lung cancer (60.3) followed by prostate (22.8), bladder (19.6), stomach (16.3)and colo-rectal (15.4) cancers. Among women the rate per 100 000 was highest for breast cancer (33.7) followedby colorectal (11.5), stomach (8.8), thyroid (8.8) and lung (7.7). The most striking findings about the cancerincidence in the provinces were the high incidence rates for stomach and esophageal cancers in Erzurum andhigh stomach cancer incidence rates in Trabzon for both sexes. Conclusions: We are thus able to present themost accurate and realistic estimations for cancer incidence in Turkey so far. Lung, prostate, bladder, stomach,colorectal, larynx cancers in men and breast, colorectal, stomach, thyroid, lung, corpus uteri cancers in womenare the leading cancers respectively. This figure shows us tobacco related cancers, lung, bladder and larynx,predominate in men. Concurrently, we analyzed the data for each province separately, giving us the opportunityto present the differences in cancer patterns among provinces. The high incidences of stomach and esophagealcancers in East and high incidence of stomach cancer in Northeast regions are remarkable.
Cancer incidence data
Turkey
population-based registries
geographical variation
Data quality
2010
06
01
1731
1739
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25441_8bef9ae5ca5bf62c4c7818c6efd00706.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Global DNA Methylation in Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix
Introduction: Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the primary causal agent in the developmentof the uterine cervix carcinoma. Nevertheless, only a minority of high-risk HPV-associated lesions progressto cervical cancer, suggesting involvement of other molecular alterations. Among putative changes, aberrantmethylation might be a crucial event. Design: Paraffin-embedded samples of benign lesions, cervical intraepithelialneoplasia (CIN) and invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were analyzed for DNA 5-methylcytosine contentby immunohistochemistry with anti-5-methylcytosine antibodies and by high-performance liquid capillaryelectrophoresis (HPCE). Results: No significant difference of DNA 5-methylcytosine content was observed betweennormal tissues, benign lesions, low-grade lesions and high-grade lesions (p=0.6). In contrast, DNAs extractedfrom invasive SCC were hypomethylated when compared with normal and preneoplastic lesions (p=0.0004). Anassociation between global DNA hypomethylation and the SCC stage was confirmed by HPCE. Conclusions: Thetransition from CIN lesions to invasive carcinoma seems to be closely linked to global DNA hypomethylation,which could be a useful marker of invasive uterine cervical lesions.
Uterine cervix
CIN
cancer
DNA hypomethylation
2010
06
01
1741
1744
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25442_d4c852be81ac376617b57773172422c2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen and Cancer Antigen 125 in Southern Indian Cervical Cancer Patients
Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic value of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-ag) and cancerantigen (CA) 125 serum tumor markers for the detection of cervical cancer. Abnormal SCC-ag(>1.5 ng/mL) andCA125 (>35 U/mL) levels were found in 64.2% and 18.9% of a series of SCC patients and in 25.0% and 42.6%of adenocarcinoma (AC) patients. The SCC-ag and CA 125 markers appeared rather specific for cervical SCCsand ACs, respectively, also correlating with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis, but not tumor size orpatient age. In conclusion, SCC-ag and CA 125 are useful and reproducible markers for advanced stage diseaseand thus prognosis of cervical cancer.
cervical cancer
squamous cell carcinoma antigen- CA-125
adenocarcinoma/SCC
2010
06
01
1745
1747
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25443_7882a241812638ffebeeb1b8cf97c17d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
No Association Between the Trp53 Codon 72 Polymorphism and Head and Neck Cancer: A Case-Control Study in a South Indian Population
Genetic polymorphisms are important for predispositions to several human cancers. In the tumour suppressorTrp53 gene, a codon 72 polymorphism is frequent in the form of a single nucleotide polymorphism that leadsto substitution of an arginine for a proline. In the present study, we analysed the association of Trp53 codon 72polymorphs with head and neck cancer through a case-control study approach with PCR-RFLP of DNA fromblood of 47 clinically confirmed patients and 52 healthy controls. The Pro (Trp5372P) and Arg (Trp5372R) allelefrequencies in the healthy controls were 0.44 and 0.56, and not significantly different from those in the cancerpatients at 0.56 and 0.44. The genotype distribution in the controls was 32.7% Arg/Arg, 46.2% Arg/Pro and21.2% Pro/Pro and in the cancer patients 17.0% Arg/Arg, 53.2% Arg/Pro and 29.8% Pro/Pro. No significantdifference in the distribution of genotypes between head and neck cancer patients and healthy controls (P=0.18,χ2 test) was observed. We conclude no association of Trp53 codon 72 polymorphism was observed with head andneck cancer susceptibility.
Trp53 codon 72 polymorphism
cancer of head and neck
India
2010
06
01
1749
1753
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25444_9f77601475144a4e3d441cb3cb4b57a2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Characteristics and Pattern of Mortality in Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Oncology Center: Report of 259 Cases
Background: Little is known about mortality statistics of hospitalised cancer patients from developingcountries. This paper describes the distribution of causes of death in various malignancies, status of malignancy atthe time of death, type and intent of therapy received by the cancer patient prior to death and nature of infectionsin terminal cancer patients who died in hospital. We also aimed to study discrepancies in mortality reporting interms of death certificate at our center and tried to analyse possible causes. Results : Data for 259 consecutivedeaths in hospitalized cancer patients in a calendar year were analysed. Of all these, 147 (57%) were cases ofsolid tumors, 107 (41%) were cases of hematological malignancies and 5 (2%) were other or undiagnosed cases.Median duration of hospital stay prior to death was 7 (1-106) days. Sepsis/multi organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) was commonest immediate cause of death 118/259 (45.2%) followed by progressive malignancy in64/259 (24.7%) cases. Only 13/267 (5%) patients died with controlled cancer. Some 184 (71.3%) deaths occurredwithin 90 days of any form of anticancer treatment of which more than three fourths (77.2%) occurred afterchemotherapy. Among these chemotherapy related deaths, 63 were febrile neutropenic deaths, with the commonestsite of infection in the lungs, and positive blood culture was found in 18 (28%) cases. There were discrepanciesin information derived from death certificates and from case records in 84 (32%) cases. Most of these weredue to the use of ambiguous terms like cardio-respiratory arrest as a cause of death in the death certificate.Conclusion: It is important to audit mortality data on a regular basis as this can provide valuable insight intohospital practice and may help to identify preventable causes of mortality. Mortality record keeping is anotherimportant aspect as variable practices in this area may have implications for cancer mortality reporting andthis may ultimately lead to erroneous cancer epidemiology.
cancer mortality
death certificate
medical audit
neutropenic deaths
2010
06
01
1755
1759
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25445_f829d5fa4be174c23700c24b38b81628.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
The Effect of Breast Self-Examination (Bse) Education Given to Midwifery Students on Their Knowledge and Attitudes
This study was conducted in a descriptive and half-experimental format in order to determine the effectof breast self-examination (BSE) education given to 103 midwifery students from Halic University Sciences ofHealth School Midwifery Department on their knowledge and attitudes. After legal permission was obtainedfrom the institution and verbal participation consent from the students, data were obtained using demographicand knowledge surveys, applied twice before and after education by the researcher between May-June 2010andevaluated with proportional calculations, Kruskal Wallis test, t-test and t-test for dependent groups. Mean ageof the students is 20.2±1.52; 58.3% had no information about BSE and 73.8% were not doing BSE; 7.7% themstated that they had a family member with breast cancer. The knowledge level score was 43.2±10.6 before and68.4±10.5 after the BSE education (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference persisted between the pre- andpost-education scores taking knowledge, making BSE, and frequency of using BSE average scores of the students(p<0.05).
Breast self-examination
knowledge and practise
education
Turkish midwifery students
2010
06
01
1761
1764
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25446_bd74ae69a80b9a6f243e8bb45ddff114.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Prevalence of Colorectal Cancer Associated with Streptococcus bovis among Inflammatory Bowel and Chronic Gastrointestinal Tract Disease Patients
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer mortality among men and womenworldwide; the risk of its occurrence has been shown to be increased by chronic bacterial infections. A casecontrol study was therefore carried out at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) to determine the incidenceof colorectal cancer associated with S. bovis infection. A total of 166 stool specimens were collected from diseasedpatients and healthy individuals and S. bovis isolates were identified. Suspected colon tumor and cancer caseswere diagnosed and confirmed. It was found that overall prevalence of S. bovis was 41 (24.7%) out of 166 casesstudied. Some 41(48.6%) of these S. bovis isolates was found in patients with colonic polyps, adenocarcinomas,inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic gastrointestinal tract (GIT). It was also found that colorectalcancer incidence was 24.7%, adenocarinomas accounting for 51% with the highest incidence in the sigmoid partof the colon. Among the IBD and chronic GIT cases, ulcerative colitis featured in the majority of cases (41.4%).In conclusion, there is a high incidence of colorectal cancer associated with S. bovis.
Colorectal cancer prevalence
Streptococcus bovis
Inflammatory bowel disease
2010
06
01
1765
1768
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25447_8b049be252d3973d8f4e36b7899008ac.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Comparison of Pap Smear Quality with Anatomical Spatula and Convenience (Spatula-Cytobrush) Methods: A Single Blind Clinical Trial
Objectives: The Papanicolaou smear is a standard test for cervical cancer screening; however, the mostimportant challenge is high false negative results. Several factors contribute to this problem and one the mostimportant is inappropriate sampling. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of smears obtained byeither an anatomical spatula or a spatula-cyto brush. Methods: One hundred married women participated inthis single blind clinical trial. After all participants were interviewed, two samples were obtained from each: onewith a spatula-cytobrush and another with an anatomical spatula. Slides were prepared and assessed by twopathologists for kappa coefficient analysis. Results: Cell adequacy was 96.1 % in anatomical spatula methodand 91.2 % in spatula-cyto brush method (p= 0.016). The rates for endocervical cells and metaplasia cells were70.6%and 24.5%, respectively, with the anatomical spatula method and 69.6% and 24.5% using a spatulacytobrush(p<0.001). No one reported pain and the amount of bleeding was 38.2% in both methods (p>0.05).In addition, there were no statistically significant differences regarding infection and inflammatory reactions(p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the results of sampling with anatomical spatula weremore acceptable and better than those of spatula-cytobrush sampling.
Pap smear
anatomical spatula
spatula-cytobrush
Sampling
2010
06
01
1769
1772
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25448_188e21f68d81933930c32ac87a49db5e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Inhibition of Metastasis of B16F-10 Melanoma Cells in C57BL/6 Mice by an Extract of Calendula Officinalis L Flowers
Aim: To determine the effect of a Calendula officinalis flower extract on lung metastasis by B16F-10 melanomacells in C57BL/6 mice. Materials and Methods: Male mice were injected with B16F-10 melanoma cells throughthe tail vein and simultaneously treated with C.officinalis flower extract. Parameters studied were lung tumornodule count, life span of animals, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity, sialic acid, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2,GM-CSF, VEGF and TIMP-1 levels in serum, and lung hydroxyproline, uronic acid and hexosamine levels, aswell as histopathological features. Effects of C.officinalis on the expression of various genes involved in metastasislike matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases (TIMPs), prolyl hydoxylase, lysyloxidase, nm23, and proinflammatory cytokines were also investigated. Results: Simultaneous administrationof C.officinalis extract to tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice reduced the lung tumor nodules by 74% with 43.3%increase in life span. Elevated levels of hydroxyproline, uronic acid, hexosamine, serum sialic acid and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in the metastatic controls were found to be significantly lowered in the C.officinalis treated animals.The extract also inhibited expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl oxidase and activatedTIMP-1 and TIMP-2 and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: The present investigationindicated antimetastatic effects of Calendula officinalis flowers through the inhibition of key enzymes involvedin processes of metastasis.
Clendula officinalis flowers
lung metastasis
B16F-10 melanoma
metalloproteases
Cytokines
2010
06
01
1773
1779
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25449_91f343e826bc54fdd49bb38d6cb139bc.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
HPV Vaccine Acceptability among Women in the Philippines
Aim: To examine attitudes toward and acceptability of HPV vaccination among a community-based sampleof women in the Philippines. Methods: Self-administered surveys were completed by 435 adult women. Intent toreceive the HPV vaccine was assessed at low, moderate, and high vaccine price through responses on Likert scaleitems. The theory-grounded survey assessed attitudinal correlates, as well as sociodemographic, behavioral, andhealth-related characteristics. Results: Over half of the sample (54%) was accepting of HPV vaccination at thelow price, but only 30% and 31% were accepting at the moderate and high price, respectively. Negative intentto receive the vaccine was significantly associated with women’s indication that their mothers or partners wereinfluential in their vaccination decisions. Perceived social support, access to transportation, perceived benefits ofvaccination, perceived susceptibility to HPV, history of pap testing, and having been exposed to vaccine-promotingmedia were among factors independently associated with positive intent to receive the vaccine. Conclusions: HPVvaccine acceptance among Filipina women is contingent on affordable pricing. A successful vaccine initiativein the region must minimize structural barriers, foster familial and social support for vaccination, incorporateHPV education, and work within cultural norms.
Acceptance- attitudes
HPV vaccines
human papillomavirus
intention
Philippinas
2010
06
01
1781
1787
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25450_954d0fcbc1f01fc9238d667e8fbd6192.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Awareness and Assessment of Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in Residents of Pokhara Valley
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the awareness and assessment of lung cancer risk factorswith respect to sociodemographic factors among residents of Pokhara Valley, Nepal. Materials and Methods: Across sectional study was carried out in 240 residents between 01 September 2009 and 31 March 2010 using astructured questionnaire containing details of lung cancer risk factors viz., smoking, environmental pollution,insecticide exposure, hereditary factors, protective diet and socio demographic details. Descriptive statisticsand testing of hypothesis were used for the analysis using EPI INFO and SPSS 16 software. Results: In the240 subjects, the mean age was 33.4 ± SD 11.4 years, with a slight male preponderance in gender distribution(57.5% males vs. 42.5% females). 32.5% out of the study population were smokers (43.5% of males and17.6% of females). Relationships could be established between gender and smoking (p=0.001, odds ratio=3.58),stoppage or restriction of tobacco use (p=0.001), smoking by mother during subjects’ childhood as a motivationto develop smoking habit (p= 0.001), tobacco use as a cause of cancer (p=0.001), cancer as the most dreadeddisease (p=0.009). Positive relationships were found between educational level and risk factors viz. smoking bymother during subjects’ childhood (p= 0.03), wood or coal exposure causing lung cancer (p=0.0001), protectionfrom lung cancer by consumption of green and yellow vegetables (p=0.0001) and insecticide exposure as a causeof lung cancer (p=0.0001). No strong relationship could be established between gender and outdoor pollution(p=0.721), insecticide exposure (p=0.219), protective diet (p=0.979) and hereditary factors (p=0.273). Conclusion:Awareness of lung cancer by tobacco use and other risk factors varied with socioeconomic status amongst residentsof Pokhara. Despite their awareness of smoking as a risk factor for lung cancer, most of them still continue tosmoke. Government and NGOs should gear up a population based counselling programme in this community.
awareness
smoking
Lung cancer
risk factors
Nepal
2010
06
01
1789
1793
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25451_8e5d4324b5ad25d4d454dae355931bb9.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Anti-Mutagenic and Anti-Carcinogenic Potential of the Carotenoid Meso-Zeaxanthin
Meso-zeaxanthin was investigated for antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity, using the Ames test(Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 102 and TA 1535) with direct acting mutagens like sodiumazide (NaN3) (5 μg/ plate), nitro-o-phenylendiamin (NPD) (20 μg/ plate), N-methyl- N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) (1μg/ plate) and tobacco extract 50 mg/ plate) and with a mutagen needing microsomal activation,acetamidofluorene (AAF) ( 20 μg/ plate). The carotenoid was found to inhibit the mutagenicity induced byNaN3, NPD and MNNG in a concentration dependent manner, as well as that with AAF and the tobacco extract.Concentrations needed for 50 % inhibiton was found to be 50 μg/ plate for the chemical mutagens and 100 μg/plate for tobacco extract. Using specific resorufin derivatives as substrates in vitro, the concentration of mesozeaxanthinneeded for 50 % inhibition of CYP1A2 (7-methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase) was 5 μg/ml, for CYP2B1/2 (7- pentoxyresorufin-O-depentylase) was 8 μg/ml and for CYP1A1 (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) was 12μg/ml, while that of CYP 2E1 (aniline hydroxylase) was 7μg/ml and for CYP 1A, 2A, 2B, 2D and 3A (aminopyrene-N-demethylase) was 10.5 μg/ml. Evaluated using nitroso diethyl amine (NDEA) induced hepatocellular carcinomain rats, treatment with meso-zeaxanthin reduced the tumor incidence when compared to the control group. Theactivity of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase wasdrastically elevated in both serum and liver tissue of NDEA alone treated control animals and meso-Zeaxanthinpretreated animals showed significant decrease to normal levels, in line with histopathological findings.
Anticarcinogenicity
Antimutagenicity
Carotenoid
meso-zeaxanthin
CYP450 enzymes
2010
06
01
1795
1800
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25452_b54cb8957582cf5f86fec0cc32e4ac75.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Colonoscopy Screening Results in at Risk Iranian Population
Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of colorectal adenomas and other advanced lesions in first degreerelatives of Iranian patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer by colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation. Methods:Iranian colorectal cancer patients (probands) were identified through pathologic reports of the regional cancerregistry. First degree relatives (siblings, parents and offspring) of probands were evaluated for the existence ofpolyps and precancerous lesions via colonoscopy screening. Control patients were chosen among average riskpopulation with no family history of colorectal cancer who agreed to colonoscopy screening. Results: A total of184 subjects underwent colonoscopy screening from April 2007 to March 2009. From 90 cases among familiesof probands, 70 (77.8%) had a normal colonoscopy result, 18 (20%) demonstrated polyps and 2 (2.2%) werediagnosed with colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy screening in 94 average risk control patients discovered polypsin 4 (4.3%) cases and the other 90 (95.7%) patients had normal total colonoscopy results. Mean age of caseswith advanced lesions was 48.4±10.2 and 41.5±18.4 in control patients with polyps. The incidence of polyps wassignificantly higher in males, and in family case patients compared to controls. Conclusions: Based on colonoscopyscreening, the prevalence of colorectal adenoma and precancerous lesions in first degree relatives of patientsdiagnosed with colorectal cancer is significantly higher than in the average risk population.
colorectal cancer
colonoscopy screening
high risk patient
average risk patient
2010
06
01
1801
1804
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25453_1e157e1e16b332bfdf50ba1bb60240a5.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Changes of Androgen Receptor and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells Treated with Sex Hormones and Flutamide
Changes of androgen receptor (AR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were investigated in LNCaPcells treated with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estrone and flutamide. Real-time PCR, immunocytochemistryand western blotting were used to detect the expression of AR and IGF-1 in the presence or absence of variouskinase inhibitors. Low concentrations of DHT, estrone and flutamide increased the expression of AR and IGF-1,especially estrone, with concentration and time dependence. With DHT and flutamide, there was a significantalteration in AR expression (p<0.001). The results indicated expression of AR and IGF-1 genes to be influencedby DHT, estrone and flutamide in LNCaP cells, regulated by multiple signal pathways.
Androgen Receptor
DHT
insulin-like growth factor-1
LNCaP cells
Real-Time PCR
2010
06
01
1805
1809
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25454_0ba9f35d1fc65c6fa49c9d555d5c885f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Fms Like Tyrosine Kinase (FLT3) and Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) Mutations in De Novo Normal Karyotype Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Mutations in FLT3 and NPM1 are important prognostic factors in AML, influencing outcome in normalkaryotype cases. We here analysed incidences of FLT3/ITD, D 835 and NPM1 mutations in patients with denovo normal karyotype AML using PCR and gene sequencing, along with laboratory parameters and treatmentoutcomes. There were 128 patients with a median age of 45 years (range, 19-65). FLT3/ITD mutations weredetected in 26 (20.3%), FLT3/D835 in 8 (6.2%) and NPM1 in 22 (17.1%). The incidence of FLT3/ITD was higherin those with elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and peripheral blasts (p=< 0.002, < 0.001) while NPM1mutations or both NPM1 and FLT3/ITD was more common in elevated total leukocyte counts (TLC), LDH andperipheral blasts (p=<0.0001). Complete response and disease free survival were lower in those with FLT3/ITDmutations (p=0.04, 0.03). The incidence of FLT3 and NPM1 mutations was found to be low in Indian patientswith normal karyotype AML.
NPM1
FLT3-ITD
D 835 mutations
normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia
2010
06
01
1811
1816
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25455_aee4810284dbe6645cbef21e3731c49c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
NDRG2 Expression Regulates CD24 and Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in the world. High incidence and poor clinicaloutcomes underly the need for a better understanding of its tumor biology and how to effectively inhibittumor progression. In the present study the question of whether NDRG2 might be a useful target for breastcancer therapy was addressed. With the increase or decrease of NDRG2 levels in MCF-7 and Bcap-37 cellsby adenovirus-NDRG2 infection or NDRG2 siRNA transfection, CD24 expression was significantly decreasedor increased, respectively. Furthermore, NDRG2 overexpression suppressed breast cancer cell adhesion andinvasion, whereas knockdown of NDRG2 promoted these events. In conclusion, the data from the current studyindicated that NDRG2, the product of a tumor suppressor gene, can regulate CD24 expression to decrease themetastatic potential of breast cancer cells.
breast cancer
NDRG2
CD24
metastatic potential
2010
06
01
1817
1821
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25456_23af213d61d19692c8fac4874099376f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Myeloid Antigen Positivity in Turkish Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Lacks Influence on Prognosis
Introduction: Several studies have suggested that the presence of myeloid antigens is a poor prognostic factorin patients with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). Objective: We aimed to assess this possibility in Turkish patients.Materials and Methods: Seventy-three children with a diagnosis of ALL-L1 and 38 with ALL-L2 were included.Flow cytometry and fluorescein-isothiocynate conjugated antibodies were used to determined surface antigens onblasts. Results: Myeloid antigens were positive in 48.4% with ALL-L1 and 60.5% with ALL-L2, the differencenot being significant. Overall survival rates of myeloid antigen positive patients at 36, 60, and 72 months were76%, 58%, and 48%, respectively, comparable to the corresponding 70%, 56%, and 46% in myeloid antigennegative patients (p >0.05). Conclusion: We did not find any association between myeloid antigen positivity andclinical and laboratory features of ALL.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
myeloid antigen
childhood
2010
06
01
1823
1826
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25457_fbaf464dbeeb6249c65202a23aaceedd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Comparison of Lifestyle and Living Environment Among High Risk Immigrant and Low Risk Host Residents: Implications for Esophageal Cancer Etiology
Background: It has been hypothesized that the high prevalence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) in China is associated with specific environments and lifestyles. A previous study found that immigrantresidents (IR) from Henan, residing long term in the town of Caihu, had significantly greater risk of dyingfrom ESCC than host residents (HR). Objectives: This study was conducted to compare lifestyle and livingenvironments between high risk IR and low risk HR to determine risk factors for ESCC. Methods: The subjectsincluded randomly selected IR and HR living in Caihu. Information on lifestyle and the living environment ofparticipants was collected by interview using a structured questionnaire. Results: The IR were found to have ahigher consumption of hot food (P<0.05), pickled vegetables (P<0.05) and a lower consumption of fresh fruitsand vegetables, and alcohol (P<0.05), compared with the HR. There were no significant differences in incomeand cigarette smoking between the two populations. Fewer IR families had a separate kitchen (P<0.05) than hostfamilies. Conclusions: Our study provided some epidemiological evidence indicating that dietary factors, suchas hot food, pickled vegetables, salt, and low fruit and vegetable intake, as well as a poor living environment,are possibly related to the higher prevalence of ESCC in IR. However, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking andincome were not shown to be risk factors for immigrant susceptibility to ESCC in our study.
Diet
Esophageal Cancer
Immigrants
Life style
living environment
2010
06
01
1827
1831
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25458_5aab0129f1c85afbf470e8a90aa4eace.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2010
11
6
Indigofera Aspalathoides Protection Against 20-Methylcholanthrene-Induced Experimental Fibrosarcoma Growth after Transplantation in Rats - Role of Xenobiotic Drug Metabolizing Enzymes
A large number of active principles from traditional medicinal plants have been reported to have chemopreventive properties. In the present study, therapeutic efficacy of an aqueous extract of Indigofera aspalathoides against growth of transplanted experimental fibrosarcomas in Wistar strain male albino rats was tested. Tumors which appeared about six weeks after implantation were highly localized and were maintained by serial transplantation. Rats were divided into four groups. Group I served as normal control animals. Group II were fibrosarcoma bearing animals. Group III were animals with fibrosarcoma treated with Indigofera aspalathoides aqueous extracts at a dose of 250 mg/kg. b. w. per day for 30 days. Group IV animals were treated with aqueous extract of Indigofera aspalathoides alone. Reduction in tumor weight was noted in Group III as compared to II. The levels of cytochrome C in liver and kidney, the levels of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5 in liver microsomes, phase I biotransformation enzymes NADPH-cytochrome P450, NADPH-cytochrome b5, and aniline hydroxylase, and the phase II enzymes glutathione-S-transferase and UDP glucuronyl transferase indicated that their modulation played a role in the therapeutic efficacy of Indigofera aspalathoides against experimental fibrosarcoma.
Fibrosarcoma growth
rat transplantation
Indigofera aspalathoides
Chemoprevention
2010
06
01
1833
1838
https://journal.waocp.org/article_25459_983eaed982495235d1e38e9d69be86b1.pdf