2024-03-28T13:48:01Z
https://journal.waocp.org/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=3470
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Prostate Cancer and Metabolic Syndrome: Is there a link?
Metabolic syndrome has become quite prevalent within our society. Over the past two decades, the prevalenceof metabolic syndrome has sharply increased worldwide and it has become a major public health problemin several countries. It is associated with the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes mellitus and imposesnumerous cardiovascular risks. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men, surpassed onlyby non-melanoma skin cancer. A considerable body of evidence exists suggesting that some components of themetabolic syndrome have been associated with the risk of prostate cancer. These components include obesity, anabdominal fat distribution, and hyperinsulinemia. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the most widely usedtherapeutic modality in prostate cancer. It changed the body composition and lipid profile of men with prostatecancer. Androgen deficiency is associated with increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, increased production of proinflammatory factors, and increased thickness of the arterial wall andcontributes to endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this review is to evaluate the association between metabolicsyndrome and prostate cancer and to discuss the implications of androgen deficiency in men with cardiovascularrisk factors. A comprehensive literature search was carried out with the use of PubMed from 1980 through 2011,and relevant articles pertinent to metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer are evaluated and discussed.
Metabolic Syndrome
Prostate Cancer
Hyperlipidemia
androgen deprivation
Vitamin D
2012
01
01
1
13
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26090_dcf189c7a1b7502d98b05c352c54aa19.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Male Breast Carcinoma: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Current Therapeutic Approaches
Male breast cancer is a very rare disease with an incidence of about 0.5–1% comparing with the one offemale breast cancer but relatively little is known about its cause. Treatment strategies for breast cancer in malesare derived from studies performed among females. The probable reasons behind the frequent, late diagnosespresented at stages III or IV might be the lack of awareness. The rarity of the disease precludes large prospectiverandomized clinical trials. This study reviews male breast cancer and its risk factors, recommendations fordiagnosis and the management of patients with male breast cancer.
Male breast cancer
Epidemiology
treatment
review
2012
01
01
15
19
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26091_057d712be3bfe0969a0fbe85357c8647.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use by Gynecologic Oncology Patients in Turkey
The use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) among women with gynecologic cancer isbecoming increasingly popular. Therefore, it is important to gain insight into the prevalence and factors relatedto the use of CAM. The aim of this study was to assess the use of CAM in women with gynecologic cancer. Thisis a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from 67 gynecological cancer patients at gynecologiconcology clinic of a hospital in Turkey between October 2009 to December 2010 using a questionnaire developedspecifically for this study. The instrument included questions on socio-demographic information, disease specificsand complementary and alternative medicine usage. On the basis of women’s responses, all participants weredivided into 2 groups: CAM users and nonusers. The findings indicated that 61.2% of the women reported theuse of 1 or more CAM therapies. There were no significant differences in the sociodemographic and clinicalcharacteristics between CAM users and nonusers (P <0.05). The most frequently used CAM method was herbaltherapy (90.2%) and the second was prayer (41.5%). The main sources of information about CAM were informal(friends/ family members). A considerable proportion (56.1%) of CAM users had discussed their CAM use withtheir physicians or nurses. Turkish women with gynecologic cancer frequently use CAM in addition to standardmedical therapy. Nurses/ oncologists caring for women with gynecologic cancer should initiate a dialogue aboutusage of CAM, discussing the potential adverse effects of CAM and the patient’s therapeutic goals.
Complementary and alternative medicines
gynecologic cancer
Turkey
2012
01
01
21
25
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26092_172e35c4372cf2507c454bb150efdddb.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Expression of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 in Human Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and its Significance for Lymphatic Metastasis
Objectives: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C)and vascular endothelial growthfactor feceptor-3 (VEGFR-3) in laryngeal squamous carcinoma and its relationship to lymph node metastasiswere investigated. Methods: VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 gene expression in 30 cases of normal laryngeal mucosatissue (NLM), primary laryngeal carcinoma cell carcinomas (PLC) and cervical lymph nodes (CLN) wasexamined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Protein levels of VEGF-C expressionwere determined by immunohistochemical staining in 60 cases of PLC. Results: Expression of VEGF-C andVEGFR-3 different among NLM, PLC and CLN in the same patient. In PLC, expression was significantlyhigher in lymph node positive group than in the lymph node negative group and associated with histologicalgrade of differentiation; Expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was not linked with age, sex, site or T stage.Conclusions: A close correlation was found between VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 expression and lymph node metastasisin PLC, suggesting a role in metastasis of laryngeal carcinomas.
VEGF-C
VEGFR-3
laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas
Lymph node metastasis
2012
01
01
27
31
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26093_20d9e483b276a23788deb0b389ffe735.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Abortions and Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women in Jiangsu Province of China
To evaluate the relationship between abortions and risk of breast cancer, we conducted a case-control studywith 669 cases and 682 population-based controls in Jiangsu Province of China. A structured questionnaire wasused to elicit detailed information. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate oddsratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results have revealed that induced abortion was related toincreased risk of breast caner. Premenopausal women who had ≥3 times of induced abortion were at increasedcrude OR (2.41, 95%CI: 1.09-5.42) and adjusted-OR (1.55, 95%CI: 1.15-5.68). Postmenopausal women with aprevious induced abortion were at increased crude OR (2.04, 95%CI: 1.48-2.81) and adjusted-OR (1.82, 95%CI:1.30-2.54), and there was a significant increase trend in OR with number of induced abortions (p for trend:0.0001). Overall, spontaneous abortion did not significantly alter the risk of breast cancer, but postmenopausalwomen who had history of spontaneous abortion were at increased OR. These results suggested that relationshipbetween breast cancer and abortions may depend on menopausal status and induced abortion may played animportant role in the development of breast cancer in Jiangsu’ women of China.
breast cancer
abortion
Case control study
Chinese women
2012
01
01
33
35
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26094_b29aaffacb17a3ac3a737e8dc1ffa609.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Prevalence of Cervical Human Papilloma Virus Infection Among Married Women in Vietnam, 2011
The burden of cervical cancer is increasing in Vietnam in the recent years, infection with high risk HPVbeing the cause. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of HPV and the distribution of HPV specific typesamong the general population in 5 big cities in Vietnam. Totals of 1500 women in round 1 and 3000 in round 2were interviewed and underwent gynecological examination. HPV infection status, and HPV genotyping testwere perfoirmed for all participants. Results indicated that the prevalence of HPV infection in 5 cities rangedfrom 6.1% to 10.2% with Can Tho having highest prevalence. The most common HPV types in all 5 cities wereHPV 16, 18 and 58. Most of the positive cases were infected with high risk HPV, especially in Hanoi and Can Thowhere more than 90% positive cases were high risk HPV. Furthermore, in Can Tho more than 60% of womenwere infected with multiple HPV types. The information from this study can be used to provide updated datafor planning preventive activities for cervical cancer in the studied cities.
cervical cancer
Human papilloma virus
Vietnam
geographical variation
2012
01
01
37
40
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26095_04ae5441a9528d586d6419fc80c1a5ca.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Prostate Stem Cell Antigen Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Influence Risk of Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancer in Korean Females
Introduction: Breast cancer is the second leading cancer in Korean women. To assess potential geneticassociations between the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene in the chromosome 8q24 locus and breastcancer risk in Korean women, 13 SNPs were selected and associations with breast cancer risk were analyzedwith reference to hormone receptor (HR) and menopausal status. Methods:We analyzed DNA extractedfrom buffy coat from 456 patients and 461 control samples, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionizationtime-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) based upon region-specific PCR followed by allelespecificsingle base primer extension reactions. Risks associated with PSCA genotypes and haplotypes wereestimated with chi-square test (χ2 -test), and polytomous logistic regression models using odds ratios (OR)and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), by HR and menopausal status. Results: In case-control analysis, oddsratios (OR) of rs2294009, rs2294008, rs2978981, rs2920298, rs2976395, and rs2976396 were statisticallysignificant only among women with estrogen receptor (ER) negative cancers, and those of rs2294008,rs2978981, rs2294010, rs2920298, rs2976394, rs10216533, and rs2976396 were statistically significant onlyin pre-menopausal women, and not in postmenopausal women. Risk with the TTGGCAA haplotype wassignificantly elevated in ER (-) status (OR= 1.48, 95% CI= 1.03~2.12, p<0.05). Especially risk of allele T ofrs2294008 is significantly low in pre-menopausal breast cancer patients and AA genotype of rs2976395 inER (-) status represents the increase of OR value. Conclusion: This report indicated for the first time thatassociations exist between PSCA SNPs and breast cancer susceptibility in Korean women, particularly thosewho are pre-menopausal with an estrogen receptor negative tumor status.
PSCA
breast cancer
8q24
Polymorphism
Biomarker
2012
01
01
41
48
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26096_f565864531c8ed185ea23ee40ba0ee7a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Psychosocial Factors and Health Behavior among Korean Adults: A Cross-sectional Study
Objective: This study was an attempt to identify associations between health behavior, such as smoking,alcohol consumption, healthy diet, and physical activity, and psychosocial factors. Methods: This crosssectionalstudy was conducted among 1,500 participants aged between 30 and 69 years, selected from apopulation-based database in October 2009 through multiple-stratified random sampling. Information wascollected about the participants’ smoking and drinking habits, dietary behavior, level of physical activity,stress, coping strategies, impulsiveness, personality, social support, sense of coherence, self-efficacy, healthcommunication, and sociodemographics. Results: Agreeableness, as a personality trait, was negativelyassociated with smoking and a healthy diet, while extraversion was positively associated with drinking. Thetendency to consume a healthy diet decreased in individuals with perceived higher stress, whereas it increasedin individuals who had access to greater social support. Self-efficacy was found to be a strong predictor ofall health behaviors. Provider-patient communication and physical environment were important factorsin promoting positive healthy behavior, such as consumption of a healthy diet and taking regular exercise.Conclusions: Psychosocial factors influence individuals’ smoking and drinking habits, dietary intake, andexercise patterns.
smoking
alcohol consumption
healthy diet
physical activity
Stress
personality
Social Support
2012
01
01
49
56
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26097_2a73b237f9ef59e60a4cbe9eeeb1aa7b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Inhibition of the NEDD8 Conjugation Pathway by shRNA to UBA3, the Subunit of the NEDD8-Activating Enzyme, Suppresses the Growth of Melanoma Cells
Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 8 (NEDD8), a ubiquitin-like protein,mainly functions through covalent ligation to cullin proteins. Conjugation of NEDD8 with cullins can promoteubiquitination, which plays a critical role in the degradation of many proteins. UBA3 is the subunit of NEDD8-activating enzyme which is one of the keys for NEDD8 linkage to cullin proteins. Previous research showedNEDD8 conjugation to be up-regulated in highly proliferative cell lines. In the present study, up-regulated NEDD8conjugation was observed in melanoma cell lines by Western blot analysis. After down-regulation with a RNAi toUBA3, proliferation of M14 was suppressed in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, up-regulated NEDD8 conjugationmay be involved in the development of melanoma. Interference in this pathway might offera promising methodfor melanoma therapy.
Melanoma
growth
NEDD8
ubiquitin
shRNA
conjugation
2012
01
01
57
62
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26098_d1e3bba9c2af58c8f91695baf5a97d1c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Satisfaction in the National Cancer Screening Program for Breast Cancer with and without Clinical Breast Examination
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether screening by clinical breast examination (CBE) inaddition to mammography affected participant satisfaction in the National Cancer Screening Program(NCSP). Data were derived from the Quality Evaluation of National Cancer Screening satisfaction survey.This population-based nationwide telephone survey included participants who had been screened by theNCSP for breast cancer between June and August 2010 (n=2,370), and collected information on satisfactionwith screening and screening service use. Five multiple regression models were used to determinesatisfaction according to screening method, and according to each of five satisfaction measures (prescreeninginformation transfer, staff interpersonal skills, physical surroundings, reporting of results andgeneral satisfaction). A total of 1,858 (78.4%) participants were screened by mammography alone and 512(21.6%) by both mammography and CBE. Satisfaction was significantly higher in subjects screened by bothmammography and CBE compared with those screened by mammography alone.
breast cancer
mammography
mass screening
Satisfaction
professional-patient relations
2012
01
01
63
67
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26099_6b748a8300ab6c72467d871c85817852.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Polymorphic Variation in Glutathione-S-transferase Genes and Risk of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia in the Kashmiri Population
Cancer is a complex disease and the genetic susceptibility to it could be an outcome of the inherited differencein the capacity of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II metabolizingenzymes whose various genotypes have been associated with increased risk of different types of cancer. Nullmutations caused by the deletion of the entire gene result in the absence of the enzymatic activity and increasein the risk of developing cancer including chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). In the present case-control studywe evaluated the effect of null mutations in GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes on the risk of developing CML. Thestudy included 75 CML patients (43 males and 32 females; age (mean ± S.D) 42.3 ± 13.4 years) and unrelatednon-malignant controls (76 male and 48 females; age (mean ± S.D) 41.5 ± 12.9). The distribution of GSTM1 andGSTT1 genotypes in CML patients and controls was assessed by multiplex-PCR method. Logistic regressionwas used to assess the relationship between GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and risk of CML. Chi-square testwas used to evaluate the trend in modulating the risk to CML by one or more potential high risk genotype.Although GSTM1 null genotype frequency was higher in CML patients (41%) than in the controls (35%), it didnot reached a statistical significance (OD = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.73–2.40; P value = 0.4295). The frequency of GSTT1null genotypes was higher in the CML patients (36%) than in the controls (21%) and the difference was foundto be statistically significant (OD = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.12–4.02; P value = 0.0308). This suggests that the presenceof GSTT1genotype may have protective role against the CML. We found a statistically significant (OD = 3.09,95% CI: 1.122–8.528; P value = 0.0472) interaction between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes and thusindividuals carrying null genotypes of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes are at elevated risk of CML.
Glutathione S transferase
CML
GSTM1
GSTT1
genetic polymorphisms
2012
01
01
69
73
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26100_79f27c10ef1f315f6c987a42b5cc1527.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Quality of Life and Radiotherapy Complications of Chinese Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients at Different 3DCRT Stages
Purpose: the study aimed to compare the quality of life (QOL) and radiotherapy complications among Chinesenasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients at different 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) stagesadjusting for other variables. Methods: 511 NPC patients at different 3DCRT stages were enrolled. They wereinterviewed regarding SF-36, complications and socio-demographic variables and cancer- or treatment- relatedvariables. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) based on SF-36, complications scores as dependent variables, 3DCRTstages as independent variables, and other variables as covariate were established. Results: The influencingfactors of PCS included 3DCRT stages and age group. The influencing factors of MCS included 3DCRT stagesand income. Most QOL scores of NPC patients were significantly associated with 3DCRT stage, after accountingfor other variables. QOL scores of the patients receiving 3DCRT were the lowest, QOL scores of people after3DCRT gradually increased. PCS scores of people greater than 5 years after 3DCRT was improved to or evenbetter than the level before 3DCRT. The complications with significantly different scores of patients at different3DCRT status included xerostomia, throat ache, hypogeusia, caries, hearing loss, snuffles. Conclusions: Cliniciansshould pay more attention to older NPC patients and patients with lower income. When patients receive 3DCRT,measures should be taken to reduce radiation injury to improve the patients’ QOL.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
SF-36
3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy
Complications
2012
01
01
75
79
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26101_8d1d1d628c4607a0618e9980b80e5bc4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Induction of Apoptosis by a Combination of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in the Presence of Hyperthermia
Purpose: To study enhancing effects of paclitaxel in the thermochemotherapy of osteosarcoma cell lines andrelated mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Paclitaxel and carboplatin were used alone or jointly on OS732cell lines in the presence of hyperthermia. Inhibition of proliferation was measured by MTT assay and cellularchanges were assessed with inverted phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis was analyzedwith flow cytometry (FCM) and Fas expression by immunocytochemistry. Results: At 43℃, one hour after theapplication of 10ug/ml paclitaxel and 5mg/ml carboplatin on OS732 cells jointly, the survival rate was 15.8%which was significantly lower than with 10mg/ml paclitaxel (45.8%) and 5mg/ml carboplatin (47.7%) respectively(P<0.01). Moreover, changes of morphology and apoptotic rates indicated that the apoptosis-inducing effect ofcombined application was also much enhanced, as evident also regarding Fas expression. Conclusion: Paclitaxelis conducive to thermochemotherapy of osteosarcoma cell lines, possibly accomplished by up-regulation of Fasexpression with induction of apoptosis.
Thermochemotherapy
Paclitaxel
Carboplatin
osteosarcoma
2012
01
01
81
85
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26102_4a7cacd93681071b1019454372b64fd5.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Ultrasonography as a Tool for Monitoring the Development and Progression of Cholangiocarcinoma in Opisthorchis viverrini/ Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Hamsters
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common cancer in northeastern Thailand. At present, effectivediagnosis of CCA either in humans or animals is not available. Monitoring the development and progressionof CCA in animal models is essential for research and development of new promising chemotherapeutics.Ultrasonography has been widely used for screening of bile duct obstruction in CCA patients. In this study,we preliminarily investigated the applicability of ultrasonography to monitor the development and progressionof CCA in Syrian golden hamsters (n=8) induced by Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)/dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)administration. Ultrasonography and histopathological examination of hamsters was performed at week 0, 20, 24and 28 of OV infection or at the start of water/Tween-80 administration to controls. The ultrasonographic imagesof liver parenchyma and gallbladders of OV/DMN-induced CCA hamsters showed sediments in gallbladder,thickening of gallbladder wall, and hypoechogenicity of liver parenchyma cells. The ultrasonographic imagesof liver tissues were found to correlate well with histopathological examination. Although ultrasonography doesnot directly detect the occurrence of CCA, it reflects the thickening of bile ducts and abnormality of liver tissues.It may be applied as a reliable tool for monitoring the development and progression of CCA in animal modelsin research and development of new promising chemotherapeutics for CCA.
cholangiocarcinoma
Ultrasonography
Diagnosis
hamster
Opisthorchis viverrini
dimethylnitrosamine
2012
01
01
87
90
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26103_ff4400285ce85ff99682c10054e577ca.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
HPV Prevalence and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia among HIV-infected Women in Yunnan Province, China: A Pilot Study
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HPV and cervical neoplasia among HIV-infected women insouthwestern China. Methods: Cervical cytology, HPV detection by Hybrid Capture-2™ assay, and diagnosticcolposcopy were followed by cervical biopsy if indicated. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyzeassociations between HPV co-infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and HIV-related clinicaland laboratory parameters. Results: Colposcopic-histopathologically proven CIN2+ lesions were present in7/83 (8.4%) HIV-infected women. Nearly half (41/83, 43%) were co-infected with carcinogenic HPV genotypes.HPV co-infection was higher in women with colposcopic-histopathologically proven CIN2+ lesions than womenwith <CIN1 after adjusting for age (OR: 8.3, 95% CI: 0.9, 73.4). Women with CD4+ cell counts less than 350cells/μL had higher CIN2+ prevalence after adjusting for current ART status and age (adjusted OR: 6.3, 95%CI: 1.1, 36.5). Conclusions: HIV/AIDS care and treatment programs should integrate effective cervical cancerprevention services to mitigate the risk of invasive cervical cancer among HIV-infected women in China.
China
HIV/AIDS
HPV
cervical cancer
Screening
Prevention
2012
01
01
91
96
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26104_8b28036dc49eee80075a08fb2b540c89.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Prediction of Length of ICU Stay Using Data-mining Techniques: an Example of Old Critically Ill Postoperative Gastric Cancer Patients
Objective: With the background of aging population in China and advances in clinical medicine, the amountof operations on old patients increases correspondingly, which imposes increasing challenges to critical caremedicine and geriatrics. The study was designed to describe information on the length of ICU stay from a singleinstitution experience of old critically ill gastric cancer patients after surgery and the framework of incorporatingdata-mining techniques into the prediction. Methods: A retrospective design was adopted to collect the consecutivedata about patients aged 60 or over with a gastric cancer diagnosis after surgery in an adult intensive care unitin a medical university hospital in Shenyang, China, from January 2010 to March 2011. Characteristics ofpatients and the length their ICU stay were gathered for analysis by univariate and multivariate Cox regressionto examine the relationship with potential candidate factors. A regression tree was constructed to predict thelength of ICU stay and explore the important indicators. Results: Multivariate Cox analysis found that shockand nutrition support need were statistically significant risk factors for prolonged length of ICU stay. Altogether,eight variables entered the regression model, including age, APACHE II score, SOFA score, shock, respiratorysystem dysfunction, circulation system dysfunction, diabetes and nutrition support need. The regression treeindicated comorbidity of two or more kinds of shock as the most important factor for prolonged length of ICUstay in the studied sample. Conclusions: Comorbidity of two or more kinds of shock is the most important factorof length of ICU stay in the studied sample. Since there are differences of ICU patient characteristics betweenwards and hospitals, consideration of the data-mining technique should be given by the intensivists as a lengthof ICU stay prediction tool.
Gastric cancer
intensive care
Data mining
China
2012
01
01
97
101
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26105_56801200b6308138593159d1cb08dec9.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Resectable Esophageal Carcinoma: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable esophageal carcinoma has been a focus of study, but no agreementhas been reached on clinical randomized controlled trials and relevant systematic evaluation. The purpose ofthis study was to perform a meta-analysis on published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that comparedneoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery with surgery alone for resectable esophageal carcinoma. Medline andmanual searches was conducted in PubMed, ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology) meeting summary,Embase, the Cochrane Library (up to October 2010), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China NationalKnowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database, Wanfang Database. The selection contents were to identify all publishedand unpublished RCTs that compared neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery with surgery alone for resectableesophageal carcinoma. Sixteen RCTs which included 2,594 patients were selected. The risk ratio (RR) (95%confidence interval [CI]; P value), expressed as neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery versus surgery alone(treatment versus control), was 1.02 (0.95, 1.10; P=0.54) for 1-year survival, 1.29 (1.13, 1.47; P=0.0001) for 3-yearsurvival, 1.31 (1.13, 1.51; P=0.0003) for 5-year survival, 1.00 (0.95, 1.04; P= 0.85) for rate of resection and 0.89(0.64, 1.23; P=0.48) for operative mortality. The results showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectableesophageal carcinoma can raise the overall survival rate of patients with esophageal carcinoma, but it does notaffect treatment-related mortality.
Esophageal Neoplasms
Surgery
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
randomized controlled trial
Meta-analysis
2012
01
01
103
110
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26106_c3fdf9d5f7fbc0132542bb93dd5bac9b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
XRCC1-77T>C Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: A Metaanalysis
Variants of X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) are involved in the development of cancer,but studies investigating the association of XRCC1-77T>C polymorphism with cancer risk have reportedconflicting results. To clarify the effect of the XRCC1 -77T>C polymorphism on cancer risk, we performeda meta-analysis by conducting searches of the published literature in PubMed, Embase and CBM databases.Finally, 13 studies were included into our meta-analysis, involving a total of 11, 678 individuals. Subgroupanalyses were performed by ethnicity and cancer type. The results of this meta-analysis showed that therewas significant association between the C variant of XRCC1-77T>C polymorphism and cancer risk in all fourgenetic comparison models (ORC vs. T =1.19, 95%CI 1.07-1.31, P = 0.001; OR homozygote model =1.28, 95%CI1.07-1.52, P = 0.007; OR recessive genetic model =1.22, 95%CI 1.04-1.44, P = 0.015; OR dominant model =1.21,95% CI 1.07-1.35, P = 0.001). In the subgroup analyses based on ethnicity, the association was still significantin the Asian population (all p values<0.001), but not in the Caucasian population (all p values > 0.05). Thus, theXRCC1 -77T>C polymorphism is associated with cancer risk, and individuals with XRCC1 -77C variant havea significantly higher cancer risk, particularly in the Asian population.
XRCC1
cancer
Genetic polymorphism
Meta-analysis
2012
01
01
111
115
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26107_ecd0a47cc08d07fecbde83376884a2bf.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Antitumor Effects of Hyperthermic CO2 Pneumoperitoneum on Human Gastric Cancer Cells
Aim: To elucidate the effects of hyperthermic CO2 pneumoperitoneum on human gastric AGS cells. Methods:Based on a newly devised in vitro study model, we evaluated the anti-cancer effects of HT-CO2 (42-44˚C for2-4h) on human gastric cancer cells, and also the corresponding mechanisms. Results: HT-CO2 (42-44˚C for2-4h) severely inhibited cell proliferation as assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, while inducing apoptosis ina temperature- and time-dependent manner demonstrated by annexin-V/PI flow cytometry and morphologicalanalysis (Hoechst/PI fluorescence). In addition, it was found that HT-CO2 (42-44˚C for 2-4h) promoted theup-regulation of Bax by western blotting. Significantly, it could also suppress gastric cancer cell invasion andmetastasis by in vitro invasion and motility assay. Conclusion: In conclusion, HT-CO2 had an efficacious cytotoxiceffect on gastric cancer cells through Bax-induced mitochondrial apoptotic signaling. Our studies indicate thatit may serve as a potential therapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer. Further investigations in vivousing animal models are now urgently needed.
Gastric cancer
peritoneal carcinomatosis
pneunoperitoneum
Apoptosis
invasion and metastasis
2012
01
01
117
122
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26108_60b97e59bd142b3b2961221677b958a8.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Awareness and Practice of Breast Self-examination among Korean Women: Results from a Nationwide Survey
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the current status of the awareness and practiceof breast self-examination (BSE) among Korean women. Materials and Methods: The study populationwas derived from the 2007 Korea National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), an annual cross-sectionalsurvey that uses a nationally representative random sample to investigate cancer-screening rates andrelated factors. A total of 1,255 Korean women aged ≥30 years participated in this study. Results: Of allparticipants, 88.0% reported that they had heard of BSE. The most common source of information on BSEwas the media such as TV, radio and newspapers (87.0%). Recommendations from medical staff reachedonly 17.2%. The overall proportions of regular and irregular BSE were 13.2% and 16.1%, respectively.The main reason for not performing BSE was lack of knowledge about how to conduct the exam (31.7%).Conclusion: Despite a high level of awareness about BSE, only a small minority of women examine theirbreasts regularly in Korea.
Breast Neoplasms
Breast self-examination
awareness and practice
Korea
2012
01
01
123
125
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26109_bb1f99a34ee66ba9e2ba639688a85ce7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Study on the Health-related Quality of Life in Patients after Surgery for Malignant Bone Tumors
Aim: We conducted a study in China to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients treatedon for malignant bone tumors after surgery, and investigate the possible determinants. Methods: The subjectswere 120 patients surgically treated by amputation and limb-salvage for bone tumors during the period of June2008 to June 2010. The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) was employed to measure the HRQoLof all the patients before and after surgery. Results: With regard to the results of the general quality of life tool(SF-36), we observed a significant improvement of all the indexes of HRQoL after 6 months (p<0.05). PF, RP andBP scores showed significant increase between surgery after 6 and 12 months (p<0.05). The means of the HRQoLof bone tumor patients in our study were still much lower than those of general population in every domain,even 12 months after surgery. Logistic regression showed that female patients were found to have lower scoresin physical component summary (PCS) than males (OR=0.64, 95% CI=0.35-0.89). Patients older than 15 yearshad lower scores in mental component summary (MCS) (OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.32-0.86). Ablative surgery wasrelated to both lower MCS and PCS scores (For MCS, OR=0.54, 95% CI=0.31-0.83; for PCS, OR=0.43, 95%CI=0.25-0.73). Conclusion: Our study showed the treatment for bone tumor could greatly alter the HRQoL ofpatients. Age, sex and type of surgery were associated with physical or mental HRQoL after surgery.
Health
related quality of life
malignant bone tumors
outcome assessment
2012
01
01
127
130
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26110_f2482965dda4093edfd8eeb4562332f3.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
ABO Blood Group and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in a Turkish Population in Western Blacksea Region
Background: We aimed to investigate the relationship between blood groups and pancreatic cancer in aTurkish population in Western Blacksea region. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Zonguldak KaraelmasUniversity outpatient oncology clinic records were screened for the period between 2004 and 2011. Results: Themedian age of patients were 56 (±16) and 132 of 633 study population had pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancerpatients had significantly higher rates of blood group A compared to controls (OR 1.8, 95%CI, p 0.005). Rates ofblood group AB was significantly lower than the control group (OR 0.37, 95% CI, p 0.04). The median survival(IR) time in subjects having the blood groups A, B, AB and O were 7.0 (1-28), 7.0 (2-38), 10 (2-36) and 9.0 (2-48)months respectively; the blood group 0 had significantly higher overall survival (OS) compared to the non-0groups (p 0.04). Conclusions: Pancreatic cancer patients had more common blood group A in our population.Moreover, blood group AB appeared to be a protective factor against pancreatic cancer in our population. Bloodgroup 0 had a significantly longer survival compared to non-0, regardless of prognostic factors.
Blood group
Pancreatic cancer
survival
Turkey
2012
01
01
131
133
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26111_19adc8e8c84feca092ddf9d155876e90.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Apoptin Induces Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer EJ and BIU-87 Cells
Objective:To investigate whether apoptin is a apoptosis-inducing protein with a potential for bladder cancertherapy. Methods: We constructed a PCDNA3/Apoptin eukaryotic expression vector, and transfected this vectorinto bladder cancer cell lines BIU-87 and EJ, then observed the results by RT-PCR, transmission electronmicroscopy, MTT assay and the flow cytometry (TUNEL method). Results: PCDNA3/Apoptin successfullyinduced a high level apoptosis in both bladder cancer cell lines, compared with the controls (p<0.05). Conclusions:Apoptin can induce high level apoptosis in human bladder cancer EJ and BIU-87 cells, which suggests a potentialfor human bladder cancer therapy.
Apoptin
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Apoptosis
therapy
2012
01
01
135
138
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26112_2f0543c48bd3c2ca8c55348be754f083.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Diabetes, Overweight and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Uruguay
Obese postmenopausal women increase their risk of developing breast cancer (BC), in particular if theydisplay an android-type pattern of adiposity, which is also associated to increased risks of diabetes mellitus,hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In order to explore the associations among anthropometry (bodymass index, body composition, somatotype), some specific items of medical history (diabetes, hypertension,dislypidemias, hyperuricemia) and the risk of BC in Uruguayan women, a case-control study was carried outbetween 2004-2009 at our Oncology Unit. 912 women of ages between 23-69 years (367 new BC cases and 545 nonhospitalized, age-matched controls with a normal mammography) were interviewed. Twenty body measurementswere taken in order to calculate body composition and somatotype. Patients were queried on socio-demographics,reproductive history, family history of cancer, a brief food frequency questionnaire and on personal history ofdiabetes, dislypidemias, hyperuricemia, hypertension and gallbladder stones. Uni- and multivariate analyseswere done, generating odds ratios (ORs) as an expression of relative risks. A personal history of diabetes waspositively associated to BC risk (OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.00-2.69), being higher among postmenopausal women(OR=1.92, 95% CI 1.04-3.52). The risks of BC for diabetes in postmenopausal women with overweight combinedwith dislypidemia (OR=9.33, 95% CI 2.10-41.5) and high fat/muscle ratio (OR=7.81, 95% CI 2.01-30.3) weresignificantly high. As a conclusion, a personal history of diabetes and overweight was strongly associated to BC.The studied sample had a subset of high-risk of BC featured by postmenopausal overweight and diabetic women,who also had a personal history of hypertension and/or dyslipidemia. The present results could contribute todefine new high risk groups and individuals for primary as well as for secondary prevention, since this patternlinked to the metabolic syndrome is usually not considered for BC prevention.
breast cancer
Diabetes
Epidemiology
Metabolic Syndrome
Obesity
Overweight
somatotype
2012
01
01
139
146
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26113_3cb9c16d65033084f5989f1db46fd0eb.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Breast Screening and Breast Cancer Survival in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women of Australia
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people comprise about 2.5% of the Australian population. Cancerregistry data indicate that their breast cancer survivals are lower than for other women but the completenessand accuracy of Indigenous descriptors on registries are uncertain. We followed women receiving mammographyscreening in BreastScreen to determine differences in screening experiences and survivals from breast cancerby Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status, as recorded by BreastScreen. This status is self-reported andused in BreastScreen accreditation, and is considered to be more accurate. The study included breast cancersdiagnosed during the period of screening and after leaving the screening program. Design: Least square regressionmodels were used to compare screening experiences and outcomes adjusted for age, geographic remoteness,socio-economic disadvantage, screening period and round during 1996-2005. Survival of breast cancer patientsfrom all causes and from breast cancer specifically was compared for the 1991-2006 diagnostic period usinglinked cancer-registry data. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to adjust for socio-demographicdifferences, screening period, and where available, tumour size, nodal status and proximity of diagnosis totime of screen. Results: After adjustment for socio-demographic differences and screening period, Aboriginaland Torres Strait Islander women participated less frequently than other women in screening and re-screeningalthough this difference appeared to be diminishing; were less likely to attend post-screening assessment withinthe recommended 28 days if recalled for assessment; had an elevated ductal carcinoma in situ but not invasivecancer detection rate; had larger breast cancers; and were more likely than other women to be treated bymastectomy than complete local excision. Linked cancer registry data indicated that five-year year survivalsof breast cancer cases from all causes of death were 81% for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women,compared with 90% for other women, and that the former had larger breast cancers that were more likely tohave nodal spread at diagnosis. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, tumour size, nodal spread and timefrom last screen to diagnosis, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women had approximately twice the risk ofdeath from breast cancer as other women. Conclusions: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women have lessfavourable screening experiences and those diagnosed with breast cancer (either during the screening period orafter leaving the screening program) have lower survivals that persist after adjustment for socio-demographicdifferences, tumour size and nodal status.
Indigenous status
breast cancer
Screening
survival
Australia
2012
01
01
147
155
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26114_bf6108b2c80f6c66feab474611043e2f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
An Updated Pooled Analysis of Glutathione S-transferase Genotype Polymorphisms and Risk of Adult Gliomas
Objective: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional enzymes that play a crucial role in thedetoxification of both the endogenous products of oxidative stress and exogenous carcinogens. Recent studiesinvestigating the association between genetic polymorphisms in GSTs and the risk of adult brain tumors havereported conflicting results. The rationale of this pooled analysis was to determine whether the presence of aGST variant increases adult glioma susceptibility by combining data from multiple studies. Methods: In ourmeta-analysis, 12 studies were identified by a search of the MEDLINE, HIGHWIRE, SCIENCEDIRECT andEMBASE databases. Of those 12, 11 evaluated GSTM1, nine evaluated GSTT1 and seven evaluated GSTP1Ile105Val. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using χ2-based Q statistic and the I2 statistic. Crude oddsratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the association betweenGSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms and the risk of adult gliomas. Results: The quantitative synthesisshowed no significant evidence to indicate an association exists between the presence of a GSTM1, GSTT1 orGSTP1 Ile105Val haplotype polymorphism and the risk of adult gliomas (OR, 1.008, 1.246, 1.061 respectively;95% CI, 0.901-1.129, 0.963-1.611, 0.653-1.724 respectively). Conclusions: Overall, this study did not suggestany strong relationship between GST variants or related enzyme polymorphisms and an increased risk of adultgliomas. Some caveats include absence of specific raw information on ethnic groups or smoking history onglioma cases in published articles; therefore, well-designed studies with a clear stratified analysis on potentialconfounding factors are needed to confirm these results.
Glutathione S-transferases
GSTM1
GSTT1
GSTP1
adult gliomas
2012
01
01
157
163
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26115_4603f29f7976a28cdb97c74a1bb6ea37.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Awareness and Knowledge of Oral Cancer among University Students in Malaysia
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of oral cancer and its associated factorsamong university students in Malaysia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 200 universitystudents in Malaysia. A self administered questionnaire was used to collect data. It included questions on sociodemographicdata, awareness and knowledge of oral cancer. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 21.5±2.5and the age ranged from 18 to 27 years. The majority of the respondents were aware of oral cancer (92.0%)and recognized the followings as signs and symptoms of oral cancer: ulcer and oral bleeding (71.0%), followedby swelling (61.5%). A satisfactory knowledge was observed on the following risk factors; smoking (95.5%),poor oral hygiene (90.5%), family history (90.0%), alcohol (84.5%) and poor fitting dentures (83.0%). However,unsatisfactory knowledge was observed about hot/spicy food (46.5%), obesity (36.0%), old age (31.5%), dietaryfactor (29.0%) and smokeless tobacco (25.5%). Knowledge of oral cancer was associated significantly with age(p<0.01), year of study (p<0.01) and course of study (p<0.01). Conclusion: Instead of satisfactory awarenessand knowledge of oral cancer and its clinical presentations, inadequate knowledge was observed about its riskfactors. There is a need to introduce oral cancer education among university students.
oral cancer
University Students
awareness
Knowledge
Malaysia
2012
01
01
165
168
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26116_afe20cfd8b08cd9a6ad7b642c452dd6b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Comparisons of Curative and Side Effects of Chemoradiotherapy among Xinjiang Han, Uigur and Kazakh Esophageal Carcinoma Patients
Objective: This study aimed to explore the differences in the curative and side effects of chemoradiotherapyon esophageal cancer (EC) among Xinjiang Han, Uigur and Kazakh patients. Methods: 170 patients with IIAstage-IV of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. Based on different nationalities,they were divided into the Han, Uigur and Kazakh groups. The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates, incidence ofthe side effects (including hematological toxicities, radioactive esophagitis and percutaneous reactions) andapplication of antibiotics and harmonics were compared among the groups. There was no significant differencein the short-term curative effects among the Han, Uigur and Kazakh groups. The 1- 2- and 3-year survivalrates of the three groups were 84%, 40%, 26%; 78%, 27%, 18%; and 60%, 21%, 12% (x2=14.497, P<0.05). Theincidence rate of hamatological toxicity ≥Grade 2 in the Kazakh group was significantly lower than that in theHan or Uigur group. Results: The incidence rates of radioactive esophagitis and percutaneous reactions Grade2 in the Han group were significantly higher than those in the Uigur or Kazakh group. There was no significantdifference in the types of applied antibiotics among the groups, but there were significant differences in the daysof antibiotic application and proportion of patients receiving harmonics between the Hans and either of othergroups. Conclusion: Chemoradiotherapy shows a better effect in the long-term survival rate among Han ECpatients compared with Uigur or Kazakh EC patients. Uigur and Kazakh patients show a better tolerance tothe side effects of chemoradiotherapy compared with Hans.
Minority
Esophageal Cancer
chemoradiotherapy
curative effects
2012
01
01
169
173
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26117_cf49addde9b6970073e2500f57fd7898.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Factors Associated With Success or Failure of Quit Attempts: A Clinical Approach for Lung Cancer Prevention
The objective of the study is to investigate the success rate of quit attempts and identify factors associatedwith success or failure of quit attempts in a quit smoking clinic. A cohort study was conducted with 495 smokerswho enrolled in a quit smoking clinic from 2005 to 2008. The factors leading to quit smoking successfully were“being Malay”, “having high blood pressure” “type of Nicotine Replacement Therapy” and “duration of followup”. In contrast, clerical staff had negative association to quit smoking. People who started smoking in theirteenage years had a high risk of relapse. Integration of active follow up and tailor-made support programmesfor quitters appear necessary in order to maintain their non-smoking status and encourage them to be permanentquitters. Integration of quit smoking clinics and primary care clinics could be another potential step for thesuccess of quit smoking programmes.
smoking cessation
quit attempt
quit smoking clinic
smoking
lung cancer prevention
2012
01
01
175
179
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26118_8ecd9fab655722d94d9ace23bf6c3a3a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Association Between p16, hMLH1 and E-cadherin Promoter Hypermethylation and Intake of Local Hot Salted Tea and Sun-dried Foods in Kashmiris with Gastric Tumors
The aim of this study was to evaluate the methylation status of three important cancer related genes viz.p16, E-cadherin and hMLH1 promoters and to associate the findings with specific dietary habits in Kashmiris, aculturally distinct population in India, with gastric cancer. The study subjects were divided into three age groupsviz. 0-30yrs (1st), 31-60yrs (2nd) and 61-90yrs (3rd). A highly significant association between the intake of local hotsalted tea in 2nd (p=0.001) and 3rd (p=0.009) age groups was observed with the promoter hypermethylation of Ecadherin. Again a highly significant association between the aberrant methylation of hMLH1 (p=0.000) and p16(p=0.000) promoters and the intake of local hot salted tea was observed in the 2nd age group of gastric cancerpatients. The intake of sun-dried food was also significantly associated with the promoter hypermethylation ofE cadherin (p=0.003) and p16 (p=0.015) genes in 3rd age group. The results of the present study suggest a closeassociation between the aberrant methylation of p16, E-cadherin and hMLH1 promoters and the intake of localhot salted tea and sun-dried foods in Kashmiri population.
gastric carcinoma
Kashmir
methylation
2012
01
01
181
186
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26119_4842c4a318e6813b553fc32de670d789.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Chronic Heavy Metal Exposure and Gallbladder Cancer Risk in India, a Comparative Study with Japan
Background: High incidence of gallbladder cancer (GBC) is reported from North India, with elevatedconcentrations of heavy metals in water and soil. This Indo-Japan collaborative study compared presence ofheavy metals in gallbladder tissues. Methods: Heavy metal concentrations were estimated in Indian GBC andcholecystitis tissues and compared with Japanese GBC and cholecystitis tissues. Spectrophotometry was donefor 13 Indian gallbladder tissues (8 GBC, 5 cholecystitis) and 9 Japanese (5 GBC, 4 cholecystitis). Transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM) thin foil element analysis was done in 10 Indian samples (6 GBC, 4 cholecystitis).Results: Chromium, lead, arsenic and zinc were significantly high in Indian GBC compared with Japanese GBC.Chromium, lead and arsenic were significantly high in the Indian cholecystitis tissues compared to the Japanese.TEM of Indian tissues demonstrated electron dense deposits in GBC. Conclusion: Heavy metals- chromium,lead, arsenic and zinc are potential carcinogens in Indian GBC from endemic areas. This preliminary studylinks presence of heavy metals in gallbladder cancer tissues in endemic areas.
gallbladder cancer
heavy metals
chemical carcinogenesis
India
Japan
2012
01
01
187
190
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26120_fda0a7210a194a1de85df52eda0f3ab1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Evaluation of DNA Repair Gene XRCC1 Polymorphism in Prediction and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk
We conducted a case-control study in China to clarify the association between XRCC1-Arg399Glnpolymorphism and HCC risk. A total of 150 cases and 158 controls were selected from the the Affiliated Hospitalof Qingdao University from May 2008 to May 2010. XRCC1-Arg399Gln polymorphism was based upon duplexpolymerase-chain-reaction with the confronting-two-pairprimer (PCR-CTPP) method. All analyses wereperformed using the STATA statistical package. A significantly increased risk was associated with the Arg/Glngenotype (adjusted OR 1.78, 95%CI=1.13-2.79) compared with genotype Arg/Arg. In contrast, the Gln/Glngenotype had non-significant increased risk of HCC with adjusted OR (95%CI) of 1.69 (0.93-2.66). A significantassociation was found between positive HBsAg and Arg/Gln, with an OR of 3.43 (95% CI=1.45-8.13). Patientscarrying Gln/Gln genotypes showed significantly lower median survival than Arg/Arg genotypes (HR=1.38,95% CI=1.04-1.84). Further Kaplan-Meier analysis showed decreased median survival in Arg/Gln+Gln/Glngenotype carriers in comparison to Arg/Arg carriers (HR=1.33, 95% CI=1.02-1.76). In conclusion, we observedthat XRCC1-Arg399Cln polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to HCC, and XRCC1 Gln allele genotypeshowed significant prognostic associations.
Polymorphism
XRCC1-Arg399Cln
hepatocellular carcinoma risk
Prognosis
China
2012
01
01
191
194
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26121_5683edb6bdfcb64b358028d9a4609cb3.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Public Awareness of Colorectal Cancer in a Turkish Population: Importance of Fecal Occult Blood Testing
To date, there was no controlled-study regarding awareness and knowledge of colorectal cancer in theTurkish population. We therefore designed a questionnaire consisting of items related to socio-demographicparameters, medical and family history and questions of awareness and knowledge about colorectal cancer foruse in a descriptive cross-sectional study. An interviewer-administered technique was applied and 450 subjectswere interviewed in the outpatient clinics at Near East University Hospital. Among all subjects, 337 were foundto be eligible for the study group. Exclusion criteria were age below 18 years, any cancer history, family historyof colorectal cancer, current colorectal problems, history of any diagnostic or therapeutic interventions forcolorectal diseases.All participants stated that they heard about colorectal cancer. When asked about the lifetimerisk of colorectal carcinoma, only 25.4% of women and 37.9% of men estimated correctly. Univariate analysisrevealed that the total awareness score was significantly correlated with age, marital status, parenthood andfecal occult blood testing history. On multivariate analysis of independent predictors for awareness of colorectalcancer were found to be history of fecal occult blood testing, age and marital status were found to be the mostimportant determinants. As a conclusion, opportunistic screening with fecal occult blood test by physiciansfrom non-gastrointestinal specialties not only helps to reduce the mortality but also increases the awarenessofcolorectal cancer.
colorectal cancer
health knowledge
attitudes
Practice
Fecal Occult Blood Test
2012
01
01
195
198
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26122_7249167cf2efb3504da5985c4a065bd8.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Prognostic Significance of CYFRA21-1, CEA and Hemoglobin in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cancer Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of serum CYFRA21-1, CEA and hemoglobin levels regardinglong-term survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with concurrentchemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods: Age, gender, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), tumor location,tumor length, T stage, N stage and serum hemoglobin, and CYFRA21-1 and CEA levels before concurrent CRTwere retrospectively investigated and related to outcome in 113 patients receiving 5-fluorouracil and cisplatincombined with radiotherapy for ESCC. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze prognosis, the log-rankto compare groups, the Cox proportional hazards model for multivariate analysis, and ROC curve analysis forassessment of predictive performance of biologic markers. Results: The median survival time was 20.1 monthsand the 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- year overall survival rates were 66.4%, 43.4%, 31.9% and 15.0%, respectively. Univariateanalysis showed that factors associated with prognosis were KPS, tumor length, T-stage, N-stage, hemoglobin,CYFRA21-1 and CEA level. Multivariate analysis showed T-stage, N-stage, hemoglobin, CYFRA21-1 and CEAlevel were independent predictors of prognosis. By ROC curve, CYFRA21-1 and hemoglobin showed betterpredictive performance for OS than CEA (AUC= 0.791, 0.704, 0.545; P=0.000, 0.000, 0.409). Conclusions: Ofall clinicopathological and molecular factors, T stage, N stage, hemoglobin, CYFRA21-1 and CEA level wereindependent predictors of prognosis for patients with ESCC treated with concurrent CRT. Among biomarkers,CYFRA21-1 and hemoglobin may have a better predictive potential than CEA for long-term outcomes.
Esophageal carcinoma
Prognosis
Hemoglobin
carcinoma embryonic antigen
keratoprotein 21-1
2012
01
01
199
203
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26123_9c80b135ed5b8328574b01419cf054a6.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Paris polyphylla Smith Extract Induces Apoptosis and Activates Cancer Suppressor Gene Connexin26 Expression
Background: The inhibition of tumor cell growth without toxicity to normal cells is an important target incancer therapy. One possible way to increase the efficacy of anticancer drugs and to decrease toxicity or side effectsis to develop traditional natural products, especially from medicinal plants. Paris polyphylla Smith has shownanti-tumour effects by inhibition of tumor promotion and inducement of tumor cell apoptosis, but mechanismsare still not well understood. The present study was to explore the effect of Paris polyphylla Smith extract (PPSE)on connexin26 and growth control in human esophageal cancer ECA109 cells. Methods: The effects of PPSE onConnexin26 were examined by RT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence; cell growth and proliferationwere examined by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results:PPSE inhibited the growth and proliferation on esophageal cancer ECA109 cells, while increasing the expressionof connexin26 mRNA and protein; conversely, PPSE decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bad. Conclusion: This studyfirstly shows that PPSE can increase connexin26 expression at mRNA and protein level, exerting anti-tumoureffects on esophageal cacner ECA109 cells via inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis.
Connexin
Paris polyphylla smith
Esophageal Cancer
Apoptosis
2012
01
01
205
209
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26124_264fc23d2c0f191f733dab4287d64f27.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Patients’ Profile, Clinical Presentations and Histopathological Features of Colo-rectal Cancer in Al Hassa Region, Saudi Arabia
Background: Patients’ demographics, presenting clinical and histopathological features for colo-rectal cancer(CRC) are important factors for patients’ outcome and disease prognosis. This study aimed to describe thepattern of CRC in terms of patients’ demographics, main presenting symptoms and histopathological featuresin Al Hassa region of Saudi Arabia. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective hospital records-based study whichincluded reviewing of patients’ records diagnosed with CRC at three general hospitals in Al Hassa region, SaudiArabia. A compilation form was designed to collect information regarding socio-demographics, age at diagnosis;referral sites and the main presentations at CRC diagnosis. sites and the main presentations at CRC diagnosis.Histopathological reports were reviewed to delineate the main cytopathologic features, prominent cytologicalcharacteristics, the presence of predisposing pathology, and disease stage. Results: Of the 142 cases with CRC,15.5% and 33.1% were affected before 40 and 50 years of age respectively. Emergency rooms were main referralsites for CRC cases (31.0%). Right colon was affected in 16.9% while left colonic lesions accounted for 62.7%.Intestinal obstruction was the main presentations (41.5%), and 26.1% presented with symptoms indicatingdistant metastastic lesions. Adenocarcinoma was the predominant pathological lesions (86.6%). MetastasticCRC was diagnosed in 62.7%. Duke’s staging showed that 22.5% and 40.1% of lesions were classified into Cand D categories respectively. Conclusion: Saudi patients with CRC present late with distant metastasis, andadvanced disease stage. A sizeable proportion of patients developed the lesions at relatively young age. Screeningrecommendations should be enacted and revised in response to current change with younger age of affection.
Colo-rectal cancer
presentations
histopathology
retrospective study
Saudi Arabia
2012
01
01
211
216
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26125_fb7284c22a04e49340fd120eea351687.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Tobacco Related Habits among First Degree Relatives of Patients Undergoing Surgery for Advanced Head and Neck Malignancies in India
This prospective study records the tobacco related habits among the relatives of patients with advanced headand neck cancers who underwent both surgery and chemotherapy as part of their treatment from September2009 to March 2010. A total of 200 relatives were interviewed (148 males and 52 females). 198 (99%) wereaware of the fact that tobacco use can lead to cancer and 168 (84%) had any one of the habits. Smoking alonewas reported in 36 (18%) individuals, pan chewing alone in 66 (33%) and multiple habits in 64 (32%). Alcoholand tobacco chewing alone was reported in one case each. There were change in habits following diagnosis ofhead and neck cancers among the relatives, 33 (16.5%) stopped their habits and smoking was reduced by 25%in 72 (36%)and by 50% in 63 (31.2%) individuals. However, 135 continued the habit even after the diagnosisof cancer in their relatives. Of note, 15 out of the 33 who quit the habit did it because of health advice given tothem during the hospital visit.
Tobacco
habits
relatives
cancer
2012
01
01
217
220
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26126_2bebfa44d3df1297da7186769dc51153.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Elevated Level of Prostate Specific Antigen Among Prostate Cancer Patients and High Prevalence in the Gangetic Zone of Bihar, India
Prostate cancer (CaP) is a common reproductive cancer among men. This study was conducted to correlatethe cancer incidence with Gangetic zone and to correlate the tumor marker prostate specific antigen (PSA) levelin serum with different age groups and stage of malignancy. Patients suffering from CaP in the pathology unitof Mahavir Cancer Sansthan (Hospital and Research Centre), Patna, Bihar, India were studied from June 2009to May 2010. PSA level in the serum of CaP patients was estimated by ELISA method. CaP incidence was highlyrecorded in Gangetic zone than the non-Gangetic zone. Maximum patients were in the 56 – 75 years age groupwith a marked predominance. Results of PSA examination showed that serum PSA level was not correlatingwith the age of patient and stage of malignancy. Significantly, elevated level of more than 10 ng/ml of PSA wasrecorded among the studied cancer patients. In this study, it is concluded that Gangetic zone habitat have highrisk of CaP and elevated level of PSA was marked in Bihar, India.
PSA marker
Prostate Cancer
ARSENIC
environmental carcinogen
gangetic zone
Cancer Incidence
2012
01
01
221
223
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26127_b3efa9dd029cfb8e64dc90cc95b120ca.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Sex-related Differences in DNA Copy Number Alterations in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Background: Males have a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than females in general,but the reasons for the sex disparity are still obscure. DNA copy number alteration (CNA) is a major featureof solid tumors including HCC, but whether CNA plays a role in sex-related differences in HCC developmenthas never been evaluated. Methods: High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was usedto examine 17 female and 46 male HCC patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Shanghai,China. Two-tailed Fisher’s exact or χ2 tests was used to compare CNAs between females and males. Results:The overall frequencies and patterns of CNAs in female and male cases were similar. However, female HCCtumors presented more copy number gains compared to those in males on 1q21.3-q22 (76.5% vs. 37.0%, P =0.009), 11q11 (35.3% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.0002) and 19q13.31-q13.32 (23.5% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.004), and loss on 16p11.2(35.3% vs. 6.5%, P = 0.009). Relative to females, male cases had greater copy number loss on 11q11 (63.0% vs.17.6%, P = 0.002). Further analyses showed that 11q11 gain correlated with 19q13.31-q13.32 gain (P = 0.042),11q11 loss (P = 0.011) and 16p11.2 loss (P = 0.033), while 1q21.3-q22 gain correlated with 19q13.31-q13.32 gain(P = 0.046). Conclusions: These findings suggest that CNAs may play a role in sex-related differences in HBVassociatedHCC development.
Array comparative genomic hybridization
copy number alteration
Hepatocellular carcinoma
sex
2012
01
01
225
229
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26128_d2b7119060cf51e6e81b20d0f4c4a914.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Nutrient-derived Dietary Patterns and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Factor Analysis in Uruguay
In order to explore the role of nutrients and bioactive related substances in colorectal cancer, we conducteda case-control in Uruguay, which is the country with the highest production of beef in the world. Six hundredand eleven (611) cases afflicted with colorectal cancer and 1,362 controls drawn from the same hospitals in thesame time period were analyzed through unconditional multiple logistic regression. This base population wassubmitted to a principal components factor analysis and three factors were retained. They were labeled as themeat-based, plant-based, and carbohydrates patterns. They were rotated using orthogonal varimax method. Thehighest risk was positively associated with the meat-based pattern (OR for the highest quartile versus the lowestone 1.63, 95 % CI 1.22-2.18, P value for trend = 0.001), whereas the plant-based pattern was strongly protective(OR 0.60, 95 % CI 0.45-0.81, P value for trend <0.0001. The carbohydrates pattern was only positively associatedwith colon cancer risk (OR 1.46, 95 % CI 1.02-2.09). The meat-based pattern was rich in saturated fat, animalprotein, cholesterol, and phosphorus, nutrients originated in red meat. Since herocyclic amines are formed inthe well-done red meat through the action of amino acids and creatine, it is suggestive that this pattern couldbe an important etiologic agent for colorectal cancer.
Nutrient patterns
meat-based
plant-based
Carbohydrate
colorectal cancer
well-done meat
2012
01
01
231
235
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26129_b289f7fbfce73b8fb90e41e565f09923.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Screening for Colorectal Neoplasias with Fecal Occult Blood Tests: False-positive Impact of Non-Dietary Restriction
Objective: Screening for colorectal cancer using guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (gFOBT) is wellestablished in Western populations, but is hampered by poor patient compliance due to the imposed dietaryrestrictions. Fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) do not require dietary restriction, but are more expensive thangFOBT and therefore restrict its use in developing countries in Asia. However, Asian diets being low in meatcontent may not require diet restriction for gFOBT to achieve equivalent results. The objective of this study wasto evaluate and compare the validity and suitability of gFOBT and FIT or a combination of the two in screeningfor colorectal neoplasias without prior dietary restriction in an Asian population. Methods: Patients referred tothe Endoscopic Unit for colonoscopy were recruited for the study. Stool samples were collected prior to bowelpreparation, and tested for occult blood with both gFOBT and FIT. Dietary restriction was not imposed. Toassess the validity of either tests or in combination to detect a neoplasm or cancer in the colon, their false positiverates, their sensitivity (true positive rate) and the specificity (true negative rate) were analyzed and compared.Results: One hundred and three patients were analysed. The sensitivity for picking up any neoplasia was 53%for FIT, 40% for gFOBT and 23.3% for the combination. The sensitivities for picking up only carcinoma were77.8% , 66.7% and 55.5%, respectively. The specificity for excluding any neoplasia was 91.7% for FIT, 74% forgFOBT and 94.5% for a combination, whereas for excluding only carcinomas they were 84%, 73.4% and 93.6%.Of the 69 with normal colonoscopic findings, FOBT was positive in 4.3%, 23.2 %and 2.9% for FIT, gFOBT, orcombination of tests respectively. Conclusion: FIT is the recommended method if we are to dispense with dietaryrestriction in our patients because of its relatively low-false positivity and better sensitivity and specificity rates.
colorectal cancer
Fecal Occult Blood Test
Screening
diet restriction
2012
01
01
237
241
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26130_1f694ba6da5cb0f21a3cd120866968f4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Perceptions and Opinions about Male Breast Cancer and Male Breast Self-Examination: A Qualitative Study
Objective: While the relatively common nature of female breast cancer has resulted in a high level of generalawareness, male breast cancer is still comparatively unknown to the general public and to healthcare professionals.The objective of this study is to explore the perceptions and opinions about male breast cancer and male breastself-examination among male university students. Methodology: In-depth interviews were conducted among 36male university students from the Management and Science University, Malaysia, selected by simple randomsampling. The themes of the interview were: knowledge of male breast cancer and male breast self-examination,sources of knowledge and attitudes towards male BSE. The data obtained were classified into various categoriesand analyzed manually. Results: The majority of participants mentioned that there is a low possibility for malesto get breast cancer. They also believed that the cause of breast cancer among men is due to the carcinogensfrom cigarettes. The majority of participants mentioned that they know about breast self-examination from themass media and that the presence of a lump in the breast is the main symptom of breast cancer in men. Themajority of participants mentioned that they encourage their family members to practice breast self-examinationbut considered that BSE is not important for men because they have a low probability of getting breast cancer.Conclusions: Misconceptions regarding male breast cancer and breast self-examination among men still existamong male university students. Therefore especial attention should be given to educate men about male breastcancer and male BSE.
Perceptions
opinions
male breast self
examination
qualitative
2012
01
01
243
246
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26131_d37c06739e890bf5bfda2cb79134aefc.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Expression of CDX2 and Villin in Gastric Cardiac Intestinal Metaplasia and the Relation with Gastric Cardiac Carcinogenesis
Objective: To determine whether CDX2 and villin protein expression are associated with intestinal metaplasia(IM) in gastric cardiac mucosa and to explore the relationship with evolution of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma(GCA). Methods: We studied 143 gastric cardiac biopsy or resection specimens from Henan province China,including 25 cardiac gastritis specimens with IM, 65 dysplasia specimens with IM and 35 gastric cardiacadenocarcinoma specimens and stained them for CDX2 and villin by the immunohistochemical SP method.15 normal gastric cardiac biopsy specimens were also collected as control. Results: (1) Normal gastric mucosapresented no CDX2 and villin expression. The positive rates of CDX2 protein in cardiac gastritis with IM,dysplasia with IM, and carcinoma tissues were 84.0% (21/25), 66.7% (32/48) and 36.4% (20/55), respectively.While the positive rates of villin protein in cardiac gastritis with IM, dysplasia with IM, and carcinoma tissueswere 76.0% (19/25), 70.8% (34/48) and 45.5% (25/55), respectively.There were significant differences among thethree groups for both CDX2 and villin (P<0.01). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient(rho) showed a closecorrelation between the two proteins (r=0.843, P<0.01) and both were positively related with tumor differentiation(both P<0.05), but not associated with age, sex, invasion and metastasis of lymph node (P>0.05). Conclusion: Ourresults suggest that ectopic expression of CDX2 and villin may be involved in early-stage IM and tumorigenesisin gastric cardia and the expression of villin may be regulated by CDX2.
CDX2
villin
gastric cardiac
intestinal metaplasia
adenocarcinoma
Protein expression
2012
01
01
247
250
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26132_e163f30888aa863aea7fbab41c0281ac.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Factors Influencing Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Invasive Breast Cancer
Purpose: To explore the relationship between auxiliary lymph node metastasis and clinical features, andto identify the factors that affect metastasis occurrence. Methods: A total of 164 cases of primary breastcancer were selected to investigate features such as age, concomitant chronic disease and pathologic diagnosis.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) and CerbB-2. Logisticregression was employed to analyze the factors that affect the incidence of lymph node metastases. Results: Theincidence of lymph node metastases was 46.3% among elderly patients with breast cancer. Based on logisticregression, chronic disease, scale of tumor, age, and ER expression affected the occurrence of lymph nodemetastases; the ORs were 3.05, 2.18, 0.34, and 3.83, respectively. Between different pathologic diagnoses andthe risk factors, the OR scores were 12.7 and 8.02, respectively, for aggressive ductal carcinoma and aggressivelobular carcinoma auxiliary lymph node metastases. Conclusion: The incidence of lymph node metastases isaffected by chronic disease, scale of tumor, age, ER expression and pathologic diagnosis.
Primary breast cancer
metastasis to lymph nodes
2012
01
01
251
254
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26133_9f05d647beb030586ed41d893df061ad.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
MicroRNA-214 Regulates the Acquired Resistance to Gefitinib via the PTEN/AKT Pathway in EGFR-mutant Cell Lines
Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have activating epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutations derive clinical benefit from treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors ((EGFR-TKIs)-namely gefitinib and erlotinib. However, these patients eventually develop resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Despite thefact that this acquired resistance may be the result of a secondary mutation in the EGFR gene, such as T790M oramplification of the MET proto-oncogene, there are other mechanisms which need to be explored. MicroRNAs(miRs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, tumor progression andchemo-resistance. In this study, we firstly successfully established a gefitinib resistant cell line-HCC827/GR,by exposing normal HCC827 cells (an NSCLC cell line with a 746E-750A in-frame deletion of EGFR gene) toincreasing concentrations of gefitinib. Then, we found that miR-214 was significantly up-regulated in HCC827/GR. We also showed that miR-214 and PTEN were inversely expressed in HCC827/GR. Knockdown of miR-214altered the expression of PTEN and p-AKT and re-sensitized HCC827/GR to gefitinib. Taken together, miR-214may regulate the acquired resistance to gefitinib in HCC827 via PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. Suppression ofmiR-214 may thus reverse the acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs therapy.
MiR-214
Acquired resistance
gefitinib
PTEN
signaling pathway
2012
01
01
255
260
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26134_d32501233a2b05fa667524d8798dadb3.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Predictive Value of Thymidylate Synthase Expression in Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Purpose: The relationship between thymidylate synthase (TS) expression and outcomes in gastric cancer(GC) patients remains controversial, although most studies reported poor survival and reduced response tofluoropyrimidine were related to high TS in tumors. We carried out a systematic review of the literature withmeta-analysis to estimate the predictive value of TS expression from published studies. Methods: We indentified24 studies analysing the outcome data in gastric cancer stratified by TS expression. Effect measures of outcomewere hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS), or the odds ratio (OR) foroverall response rate (ORR). HRs and ORs from these eligible studies were pooled using random-effects metaanalysis.Results: Fifteen studies investigated outcomes in a total of 844 patients with advanced GC, and ninestudies investigated outcomes in a total of 1,235 patients with localized GC undergoing adjuvant therapy. Metaanalysisof estimates showed high TS expression was significantly associated with poor OS in the advanced setting(HR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.08 - 1.90), and poor EFS in the adjuvant setting (HR: 1.53, 95%CI: 1.01 - 2.32). Subgroupanalysis demonstrated TS expression to haves even greater value in predicting OS, EFS and ORR in advancedGC patients treated with fluoropyrimidine monotherapy (HR for OS: 2.32, 95%CI: 1.53 - 3.50; HR for EFS:1.76, 95%CI: 1.19 - 2.60; OR for ORR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.11 - 0.95). Conclusion: High levels of TS expression wereasssociated with a poorer OS for advanced GC patients compared with low levels. In the adjuvant setting, highTS expression was also associated with a worse EFS. Additional studies with consistent methodology are neededto define the precise predictive value of TS.
thymidylate synthase
Gastric cancer
fluoropyrimidine
Meta-analysis
2012
01
01
261
267
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26135_1ea2b598cc2d5e93b9aef0b6d4bd3d12.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Prevalence and Determinants of High-risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women with High Socioeconomic Status in Seoul, Republic of Korea
We aimed to estimate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women ofhigh socioeconomic status (SES) in Seoul, Republic of Korea and to identify risk factors. This study included13,386 women visiting a prestigious healthcare center located in Seoul between 2003 and 2008. High-riskHPV infections were detected in 994 (7%) and the age-standardized prevalence was 8%. Abnormal Papsmear results ≥ atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS) were observed in 280 of 12,080women (2%). Based on univariate analysis, age, level of education and number of children were associatedwith high-risk HPV infections. Based on multivariate analysis, age and high-risk HPV infections had aninverse relationship. In women with high SES in Seoul, the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was 7%and the age-standardized prevalence was 8%. Age was a strong determinant of high-risk HPV infection.
human papillomavirus
papillomavirus infection
Prevalence
social class
age factor
Korea
2012
01
01
269
273
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26136_f44a67feedff64a7980e2910d4414694.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Efficacy of Carcinogenic Embryonic Antigen in Differential Diagnosis of Diseases of Pancreas and Liver - A Comparative Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Nepal
Objective: The objective of our present study was to assess the efficacy of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)for differentiating and diagnosis of pancreatic and liver diseases in Pokhara valley. Materials and methods:A hospital based retrospective study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in theDepartment of Biochemistry of the Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between 1st January, 2011 and31st October, 2011. Estimation of CEA was performed by ELISA reader for all cases. Approval for the study wasobtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Results: Of the 771 subjects, 208 (27%), 60(7.8%),240(31.1%), 54(7.0%) , 75(9.7%), 59(7.7%), 75(9.7%) cases were of active chronic hepatitis , cryptogenic cirrhosis,alcoholic cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, hepatoma, acute or chronic pancreatitis, carcinoma of pancreasrespectively. The majority of cases (104) of active chronic hepatitis had CEA levels <5ng/ml(50%). CEA levelswere found to be increased in cases of alcoholic cirrhosis with maximum number of cases (106) in range of 10to 20 ng/ml (44%). There were no cases having more than 20ng/ml of CEA in primary biliary cirrhosis andacute or chronic pancreatitis. In cases of pancreatic cancer, maximum number of cases (35) were having CEA>20ng/ml(47%). Conclusion: High levels of CEA are associated with advanced stage of disease. CEA can thusprovide an important improvement in the diagnosis by differentiating pancreatic cancer especially from chronicpancreatitis when there is a high suspicion of malignancy. Increased CEA levels may also signify progressionfrom benign to malignant transformation in the liver.
Carcinogenic embryonic antigen
pancreatic carcinoma
Pancreatitis
cirrhosis of liver
Western Nepal
2012
01
01
275
277
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26137_3e20c8719ff8fffd6d57ab54335c7915.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Anatomical Distribution of Colorectal Carcinoma in Iran: A Retrospective 15-yr Study to Evaluate Rightward Shift
Background: Although more than two third of colorectal cancers are localized on the left side, recentstudies suggest a right ward shift in anatomical distribution with increase in proximal colon cancers. The aimof the present study was to determine the anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer in a referral center overa 15 year period. Method: Records of patients who underwent colectomy in the Cancer Institute of Iran from1994 to 2009 were retrieved. Data including anatomical localization, year of diagnosis, patient age and gender,tumor histology and differentiation, and disease stage were extracted. Tumors located from the cecum to thedistal transverse colon were classified as right side and those occurring from the splenic flexure to the descendingcolon as left-sided. Cancer of rectum and recto-sigmoid junction were considered as rectal cancers. Results: Atotal of 442 patients including 220 (49/8%) men and 222 (50/2%) women with mean age 53 were included. Mostpatients were in stage II &III (47.1% and 33% respectively). There were 157 (35.5 %) colon cancers and 285(64.5%) rectal cancers. 43.3% of the colon cancers were right sided and 56.7% were left sided. There was nostatistically significant increase in right sided cancer during the period of the study. There were no significantdifferences in age at diagnosis, gender, grade and stage of tumor between the right and the left sided cancers.Conclusion: No proximal shift over time was identified in our study.
colorectal cancer
subsite
lack of rightward shift
Iran
2012
01
01
279
282
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26138_eeed452d73c1d93507ec17d7654505b4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Breast and Colorectal Cancer Screening and Associated Correlates among Chinese Older Women
Objective: To explore the participation rates for breast and colorectal cancer screening and identify associatedcorrelates among elderly women. Methods: Logistic regressions were conducted using data collected in 2006from 1,533 elderly women aged 60 years or above who had completed a screening instrument, the MinimumData Set-Home Care, while applying for long-term care services at the first time in Hong Kong. Results: Theparticipation rates for breast and colorectal cancer screening among frail older Chinese women were 3.7% and10.8% respectively. Cognitive status was inversely associated with the likelihood of participation in screening(breast: OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.47-0.94; colon: OR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.66-0.99), as was educational level withthe likelihood of participation in breast cancer screening (no formal education: OR = 0.20, 95%CI = 0.06-0.61,some primary education: OR = 0.31, 95%CI = 0.10-1.00). Conclusion: The delivery of cancer preventive healthservices to frail older women is less than ideal. Cognitive status and educational level were important factorsin cancer screening behaviour. Tailor-made strategic promotion programmes targeting older women with lowcognitive status and educational levels are needed to enhance awareness and acceptance within this vulnerablegroup.
Breast Cancer Screening
Colorectal cancer screening
older Chinese women
cognitive status
2012
01
01
283
287
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26139_44e9908336748a230042dda01cfb4d9f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Antifibrotic Effect of Curcumin in TGF-β1-Induced Myofibroblasts from Human Oral Mucosa
Background: Myofibroblasts play an important role in the development of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Inthe current study, we investigate the effect of curcumin on growth and apoptosis of myofibroblasts derived fromhuman oral mucosa. Methods: Myofibroblasts were generated by incubating fibroblasts, obtained from humanoral mucosa, with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). MTT, PI staining, and FACS assays were used toinvestigate curcumin’s effect on proliferation and cell cycle of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Annexin V/PIbinding and FACS assays were used to examine apoptosis of myofibroblasts, Western blotting to determine thelevels of Bcl-2 and Bax, and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay was employed to examine the levels of collagentype I and III in the supernatants of myofibroblasts. Results: Curcumin inhibits proliferation of fibroblasts andmyofibroblasts; it also disturbs the cell cycle, induces apoptosis and decreases the generation of collagen type Iand III in myofibroblasts, which are more sensitive to its effects than fibroblasts. Curcumin induces apoptosisin myofibroblasts by down-regulating the Bcl-2/ Bax ratio. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the antifibroticeffect of curcumin in vitro. It may therefore be a candidate for the treatment of OSF.
curcumin
Oral submucous fibrosis
myofibroblast
Apoptosis
Cell cycle
2012
01
01
289
294
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26140_ad314eedfd3108e5fea7c937eb45aa16.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
The Effects of Educational Level on Breast Cancer Awareness: A Cross-Sectional Study in Turkey
Breast self-examination (BSE) is important for early diagnosis of breast cancer (BC). However, the majority ofTurkish women do not perform regular BSE. We aimed to evaluate the effects of education level on the attitudesand behaviors of women towards BSE. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 413 women (20–59years), divided into university graduates (Group I, n = 224) and high school or lower graduates (Group II, n =189). They completed a 22-item scale assessing the knowledge level, attitudes and behaviors regarding BSE, andthe Turkish version of the Champion’s Revised Health Belief Model. A significantly higher number of womenin Group II did not believe in early diagnosis of BC. A significantly higher number of Group I had conductedBSE at least once, and their BSE frequency was also significantly high. Moreover, a significantly lower numberof Group I women considered themselves to not be at risk for BC and the scores for “perceived susceptibility”and “perceived barriers” were significantly higher. Logistic regression analysis identified the university graduategroup to have a higher likelihood of performing BSE, by 1.8 times. Higher educational levels were positivelyassociated with BSE performance. Overall, the results suggest that Turkish women, regardless of their educationlevel, need better education on BSE. Consideration of the education level in women will help clinicians developmore effective educational programs, resulting in more regular practice and better use of BSE.
breast cancer
Breast self examination
Educational level
Champion’s Revised Health Belief Model
2012
01
01
295
300
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26141_47c45861aec258d796e7ded4f5e40f71.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Clinical Application of Serum Tumor Associated Material (TAM) from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Objective: To explore the associations of serum tumor associated material (TAM) with other common tumormarkers like carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen19-9(CA19-9) and its clinical application in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: A total of 87patients were enrolled into this study, all with histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC. With the methodof chemical colorimetry, the level of TAM was determined and compared, while chemiluminescence was usedto measure the levels of common tumor markers. Results: The level of TAM decreased after chemotherapycompared with before chemotherapy when CT or MRI scans showed disease control. Furthermore, it increasedwhen disease progessed and there was no statistically significant difference in monitoring of TAM and commontumor markers (P>0.05). Conclusions: Detecting TAM in NSCLC patients has a higher sensitivity and specificity,so it can be used as an indicator for clinical monitoring of lung cancer chemotherapy.
Tumor associated material
Tumor marker
Lung cancer
NSCLC
2012
01
01
301
304
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26142_26900e9dc87a2e93641655969a6b1dde.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Health and Economic Burden of HPV-related Diseases in Singapore
Objective: To assess the health and economic burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases(cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1/2/3, and genital warts) in Singapore over a periodof 25 years beginning in 2008. Methods: Incidence-based modeling was used to estimate the incidence casesand associated economic burden, with the assumption that age-stratified incidence rates will remain the samethroughout the period of 25 years. The incidence rates in 2008 were projected based on data obtained from theNational Cancer Registry for cervical cancer, and from a combination of published data and hospital registryreview for CIN1/2/3 and genital warts. The population growth rate was factored into the projection of incidencecases over time. Direct cost data per cervical cancer and per CIN1/2/3 case were obtained from the financialdatabase of large local hospitals while cost data for genital warts were obtained from the National Skin Center;these costs were multiplied by the number of incidence cases to produce an aggregate estimate of the economicburden over the 25-year period (in 2008 Singapore dollars) using a 3% discount rate. Results: The total numberof incidence cases of HPV-disease over 25 years beginning in 2008 was estimated to be 60,183, including 8,078for cervical cancer, 11,685 for CIN 2/3, 8,849 for CIN1, and 31,572 for genital warts. The estimated total directcost was 83.2 million Singapore Dollars over 25 years: 57.6 million attributable to cervical cancer, 13.0 million toCIN2/3, 6.83 million to CIN1, and 5.70 million to genital warts. Conclusion: HPV-related diseases are expectedto impose significant health and economic burden on the Singapore healthcare resources in the next 25 years.
human papillomavirus
cost of illness
Singapore
2012
01
01
305
308
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26143_4669350022308ff77f8075dc14d5cad0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Factors Associated with Psychological Characteristics in Patients with Hepatic Malignancy before Interventional Procedures
Objective: To investigate the psychological characteristics of hepatic malignancy patients before interventionalprocedures and assess associations with related factors. Methods: Two hundred and thirteen patients requiringinterventional procedure for hepatic malignancy were asked to complete a survey of health knowledge andpsychological symptom on health knowledge questionnaire and SCL-90 before interventional procedure.Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the association of various demographic, clinical andhealth knowledge factors with the presence of psychological symptoms in patients. Results: Eight psychologicalsymptom scores, i.e. somatization, obsessive-compulsive tendencies, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoidideations and psychotic states, were significantly higher than the normal range (P< 0.001). Of 213 cases in thestudy, 49 families (23.00%) concealed the diagnoses of hepatic carcinoma from patients; 135 patients (63.38%)described the prognosis of the disease correctly. It was demonstrated that the correlations between psychologicalsymptoms and related factors, i.e. age, gender, education, interventional procedure times and health knowledge,were statistically significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Psychological distress is severe in hepatic malignancy patientsbefore interventional procedures. Age, gender, education, interventional procedure times and health knowledgeare associated with psychological symptoms which are significant different from the normal range in Chinese.
Liver neoplasms
Chinese patients
interventional radiology
Psychological distress
2012
01
01
309
314
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26144_8a5686e146d276cde7751bb18b97263a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression is not a Marker of Poor Survival in Lung Cancer
Objective: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been claimed to play role in carcinogenesis and be related to a badprognosis in tumours. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between COX-2 expression andclinical and pathological parameters in early and advanced stage lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Atotal of 73 patients with lung cancer (27 adenocarcinomas, 33 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 large cell carcinomasand 9 small cell cancer) were analysed retrospectively. COX-2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistryin resection materials or lung biopsies. Tumor cells demonstrating more intense staining than smooth muscle andendothelial cells were recorded as COX-2 positive. We investigated the correlation between increased COX-2expression and histological type of the tumor, the stage of the disease and survival. Results: COX-2 expressionwas observed in 55% of the adenocarcinomas, 45% of the squamous cell carcinomas and 22% of the small cellcarcinomas. No correlation was apparent between COX-2 expression and disease stage, histological type and thesurvival. Conclusion: The results of this study do not support COX-2 expression as an independent prognosticfactor in lung cancer. However, since results of the literature are different, further studies made in larger seriesare needed.
cyclooxygenase 2
COX 2
immunohistochemistry
Lung cancer
Turkey
2012
01
01
315
318
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26145_706f7f545eeccbef29e20c30281ec789.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Feasibility of Shrinking Field Radiation Therapy through 18F-FDG PET/CT after 40 Gy for Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers
Objective: To explore the feasibility of shrinking field technique after 40 Gy radiation through 18F-FDG PET/CT during treatment for patients with stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: In 66 consecutivepatients with local-advanced NSCLC, 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning was performed prior to treatment and repeatedafter 40 Gy. Conventionally fractionated IMRT or CRT plans to a median total dose of 66Gy (range, 60-78Gy)were generated. The target volumes were delineated in composite images of CT and PET. Plan 1 was designedfor 40 Gy to the initial planning target volume (PTV) with a subsequent 20-28 Gy-boost to the shrunken PTV.Plan 2 was delivering the same dose to the initial PTV without shrinking field. Accumulated doses of normaltissues were calculated using deformable image registration during the treatment course. Results: The medianGTV and PTV reduction were 35% and 30% after 40 Gy treatment. Target volume reduction was correlatedwith chemotherapy and sex. In plan 2, delivering the same dose to the initial PTV could have only been achievedin 10 (15.2%) patients. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed regarding doses to the lung, spinal cord,esophagus and heart. Conclusions: Radiotherapy adaptive to tumor shrinkage determined by repeated 18F-FDGPET/CT after 40 Gy during treatment course might be feasible to spare more normal tissues, and has the potentialto allow dose escalation and increased local control.
radiotherapy
18F-FDG PET/CT
non-small cell lung cancer
shrinking field radiation
2012
01
01
319
323
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26146_06ca8fdcfd4b8246e49ae83e6e021711.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Lack of Association Between GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms and Brain Tumour Risk
Objective: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important enzymes that are involved in detoxification ofenvironmental carcinogens. Molecular epidemiological studies have been conducted to investigate the associationbetween GSTM1 and GSTT1 homozygous deletion polymorphisms and brain tumours but results have beenconflicting. The aim of this study was to clarify this problem using a meta-analysis. Methods: A total of 9 recordswere identified by searching the PubMed and Embase databases. Fixed- and random-effects models wereperformed to estimate the pooled odds ratios. Results: No significant association was found between the GSTM1and GSTT1 homozygous deletion polymorphisms and risk of brain tumours, including glioma and meningioma.Similar negative results were also observed in both population-based and hospital-based studies. Conclusion:These findings indicate that the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms may not be related to the development ofbrain tumours.
GSTM1
GSTT1
Polymorphism
brain tumours
Meta-analysis
2012
01
01
325
328
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26147_a0916f4dc0d2d48a9aad65b56e49f68f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Efficacy of Primed In Situ Labelling in Determination of HER-2 Gene Amplification and CEN-17 Status in Breast Cancer Tissue
Considerable attention has been given to the accuracy of HER-2 testing and the correlation between the resultsof different testing methods. This interest reflects the growing importance of HER-2 status in the managementof patients with breast cancer. In this study the detection of HER-2 gene and centromere 17 status was evaluatedusing dual-colour primed in situ labelling (PRINS) in comparison with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).These two methods were evaluated on a series of 27 formalin fixed paraffin embedded breast carcinoma tumours,previously tested for protein overexpression by HercepTest (grouped into Hercep 1+/0, 2+ and 3+). HER-2 geneamplification (ratio≥2.2) by PRINS was found in 3:3, 6:21 and 0:3 in IHC 3+, 2+ and 1+/0 cases, respectively.Comparing FISH and IHC (immunohistochemistry), showed the same results as for PRINS and IHC. Chromosome17 aneusomy was found in 10 of 21 IHC 2+ cases (47.6%), of which 1 (10%) showed hypodisomy (chromosome17 copy number per cell≤1.75), 7 (70%) showed low polysomy (chromosome 17 copy number per cell=2.26 - 3.75)and 2 (20%) showed high polysomy (chromosome 17 copy number per cell ≥3.76). The overall concordance ofdetection of HER-2 gene amplification by FISH and PRINS was 100% (27:27). Furthermore, both the level ofHER-2 amplification and copy number of CEN17 analysis results correlated well between the two methods. Inconclusion, PRINS is a reliable, reproducible technique and in our opinion can be used as an additional test todetermine HER-2 status in breast tumours.
PRINS
fish
Her2/neu
aneusomy
breast cancer tissue
2012
01
01
329
337
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26148_5bf6a0c3ff6c5628ef8784bd9832e784.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Lack of Association between Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection and Cervical Cancer - Taq Man Realtime PCR Assay Findings
Background: About one third of the human population suffer cancer during their lifetime and morethan 20% of total morbidity is related to neoplasia. Cervical cancer is generally the most common cancerin developing countries and the second most common in women globally. The role of human papillomaviruses viruses in its induction is clear. However, the involvement of hepres simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) iscontroversial. Therefore a survey was conducted of the prevalence of HSV-2 in patients with cervical cancerand also healthy people with sensitive and quantitative Taq Man real-time PCR assay. Materials and methods:Seventy six formaldehyde fixed paraffin embedded tissue specimens from patients with histologicallyproven history of cervical cancer as well as 150 control blocks were sectioned for deparaffinization andDNA extraction. Results: There was no HSV-2 DNA in our patient specimens but four control samples werepositive, all with a history of hysterectomy. Conclusion: Considering the absence of any positive viral HSV-2DNA in our patients and also the presence of four positive specimens among our controls, we did not findany relationship between the presence of HSV-2 DNA and cervical cancer.
RHSV-2
realtime PCR
cervical cancer
Iranain women
2012
01
01
339
342
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26149_5fabb022e64a8491d5ece06d12cbcb70.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Heaviness of Smoking Index, Number of Cigarettes Smoked and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence Among Adult Male Malaysians
Two methods of identifying smokers with high nicotine dependence, the heaviness of smoking index (HSI) andnumber of cigarettes per day (CPD) were compared with the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND).The HSI, CPD and the FTND were administered to 316 adult Malaysian male, daily smokers aged between25-64 years old in the Malaysian NCD Surveillance-1 Survey using a two-stage stratified random samplingof enumeration blocks and living quarters, via an interview based on a validated questionnaire. The cut-offpoint for classification of high nicotine dependence on the HSI was a score of four or higher, and for the heavysmoking category, smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day. Classification using each method was comparedwith classification by the FTND (score of six or more) as the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity andkappa statistics for concordance between both measures and the FTND were evaluated. The HSI gave a similarprevalence rate of high nicotine dependence as the FTND. There was substantial agreement between the HSI andthe FTND (kappa=0.63.), with moderate sensitivity (69.8%) and high specificity (92.5%). However, prevalenceof high nicotine dependence using the CPD was 7% lower than the FTND. The heavy smoking category alsoshowed fair agreement with the FTND (kappa=0.45) and moderate sensitivity (67.0%), but specificity was high(86.9%). The findings indicate that the HSI can be used as an alternative to the FTND in screening for highnicotine dependence among daily smokers in large population-based studies, while CPD may not be a suitablealternative to the FTND.
Fagerströ
m test for nicotine dependence - heaviness of smoking index - heavy smoking - Malaysians
2012
01
01
343
346
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26150_bf51df28408f867c80206dcae169959d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
TP53 Codon 72 Polymorphism and Risk of Acute Leukemia
TP53 is the mostly commonly mutated gene in many cancers and the P53 tumor suppressor protein is involvedin multiple cellular processes, including transcription, DNA repair, genomic stability, senescence, cell cycle controland apoptosis. A common single nucleotide polymorphism located within the proline rich region of TP53 gene atcodon 72 in exon 4 encodes either proline or arginine. TP53 Arg 72 is more active than TP53 Pro 72 in inducingapoptosis. The aim of this study was to understand the association of the 72 codon polymorphism with acuteleukemia development and prognosis. A total of 288 acute leukemia cases comprising 147 acute lymphocyticleukemia (ALL) and 141 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as well as 245 controls were recruited for analysis ofthe TP53 72 polymorphism using PCR-RFLP method. Significant association of homozygous arginine genotypewith AML was observed (χ2- 133.53; df-2, p < 0.001. When data were analyzed with respect to clinical variables,elevation in mean WBC, blast %, LDH levels and slight reduction in DFS in ALL cases with the arginine genotypewas observed. In contrast, AML patients with Pro/Pro had elevated WBC, Blast%, LDH levels with slightlyreduced DFS. Our study indicates that Arg/Arg genotype might confer increased risk to development of acutemyeloid leukemia.
Acute leukemia
SNP analysis
TP53 polymorphism
RFLP
2012
01
01
347
350
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26151_d3a8e83c36c6c6f600fd04ca875b4676.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Leisure Time Physical Activity in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, Pattern and Determining Factors
Background: Identification of reliable predictors of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) will enablehealthcare providers to intervene and change the patterns of LTPA in the population to improve communityhealth. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine prevalence and pattern of LTPA among adultSaudis aged 18-65 years, and to define the socio-demographic determinants that correlate with LTPA in Al-Hassa,Saudi Arabia. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 2176 adult Saudis attending urban and ruralprimary health care centers were selected using a multistage proportionate sampling method. Participants werepersonally interviewed to gather information regarding socio-demographics, physical activity pattern using theGlobal Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Physical activity (PA) in each domain was expressed in metabolicequivalents (METs). Results: The median total METs minutes/week for LTPA for both genders was 256, higherfor men (636 METs minutes/week) compared to women (249METs minutes/week). Overall, only 19.8% of thetotal PA was derived from LTPA. Of the sampled population 50.0% reported doing no leisure activity. Using thecut off of 600 METs-minutes/day or 150 minutes of moderate intensity over 5 or more days/week, only 21.0% ofthe included sample were considered as being sufficiently active and 10.4% were in the high active category withbeneficial health effects. Multivariate regression analysis showed that male, younger age (<35 years), absenceof chronic disease conditions and moderate level of total PA were significant predictors for being active in theLTPA domain. Conclusion: The prevalence and intensity of LTPA among the included sample demonstratedlow levels. Nearly 80% of the included sample population did not achieve the recommended LTPA level withbeneficial health effects. Female gender, urban residence and associated chronic diseases correlated with a lowLTPA.
physical activity
Epidemiology
leisure time
adult Saudis
determinants
Saudi Arabia
2012
01
01
351
360
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26152_c2c09adc13462a938a1f57b6439922aa.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Expression of β-tubulin Ⅲ and Survivin in Advance Stage Breast Cancer Correlates with Chemotheraputic Effects of Docetaxel
Aims: To investigate the relationship between the expression of β-tubulinⅢ and survivin in advanced breastcancers and chemotherapeutic effects of docetaxel. Methods: Clinical pathological data of 74 patients withadvanced breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed after docetaxel chemotherapy. Expression of β-tubulinⅢand survivin was assessed by immunohistochemistry and analyzed with reference to therapeutical and adverseeffects of docetaxel. Results: The positive expression rate of β-tubulinⅢ was 38.1% (32/84), while that of survivinwas 76.2% (64/84). The effective rate (complete response + partial response) was 52.4%. That for patients withthe positive expression of β-tubulinⅢ or/and survivin was significantly lower than for those with negativeexpression (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the non-progression of median diseases, 1-year and2-year survival rates of between the patients with positive and negative expression (P<0.05). The main side effectswere myelosuppression, alimentary canal response and alopecie, no differences being observed between groups.Conclusions: The combined detection of β-tubulinⅢ and survivin is a predictive index for chemotherapy effectsof docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer.
breast cancer
Docetaxel
β-tubulinⅢ
Survivin
Chemotherapy
2012
01
01
361
365
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26153_c0d7414f8560a1c0459a53db0ef6e822.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Increased Trend of Breast Cancer Mortality in Iran
Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide In Iran, it ranksfirst among cancers diagnosed in women and is the fifth most common cause of death. The aim of this study wasto present the mortality trends from breast cancer for Iranian women during a period of almost a decade, inorder to provide update information regarding the likely future. Methods: We analyzed National death Statisticreported by the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education from 1995 to 2004 to generate annual mortalityrates/100,000, overall, by age group (<15, 15-49 and ≥50 years of age) and age standardized rate (ASR). Results:The age standardized mortality rate of breast cancer increased dramatically during these years from 1.40 to3.52 per 100,000 and its mortality was increasing 151.4% for Iranian women, although it seemed that the rateleveled off from 2002 to 2004. Moreover the increasing rate was higher for those aged between 15-49 comparedto age >50 years old. Conclusion: There is an increasing trend for breast cancer mortality in Iran. Thus, healtheducation programs to rectify the lack of women awareness about breast cancer signs and effective screeningare urgently needed.
breast cancer
mortality
burden
Iranian females
2012
01
01
367
370
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26154_853cd8f018abcf78cf1e14ec2b6811da.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
5’-CpG Island Promoter Hypermethylation of the CAV-1 Gene in Breast Cancer Patients of Kashmir
Background: Caveolin-1 (CAV-1), encoding the structural component of cellular caveolae, is a suggestedtumor suppressor gene involved in cell signalling. Aberrant promoter methylation of CAV-1 is associated withinactivation of expression. We previously observed CAV-1 mutations in breast cancers and therefore devisedthis study to examine the hypermethylation status of the promoter region of CAV-1 with reference to breastcancer progression and development. Methods: Hypermethylation status of CAV-1 was analyzed by methylationspecific PCR. Loss of expression of the CAV-1 gene was further evaluated by semi-quantitative rt-PCR. Results:28/130 (21.5%) breast cancer cases showed promoter hypermethylation with reduced CAV-1 expression levelswhen compared with adjacent normal breast tissue. CAV-1 gene hypermethylation was significantly related tomenopausal status, histopathological grade and age. Conclusion: The rationale of our study is that CAV-1 geneis transcriptionally repressed in breast cancer cells due to hypermethylation. Our results reveal that promoterhypermethylation and loss of expression of the CAV-1 gene is an important alternative mechanism for inactivationof CAV-1 leading to complete gene silencing.
breast cancer
Cav-1
Promoter hypermethylation
rt PCR
Kasmir
2012
01
01
371
375
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26155_3cd1e9b76c399683e849d1f9d460a8de.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Screening Peptides Binding Specifically to Colorectal Cancer Cells from a Phage Random Peptide Library
The aim of this study was to screen for polypeptides binding specifically to LoVo human colorectal cancercells using a phage-displayed peptide library as a targeting vector for colorectal cancer therapy. Human normalcolorectal mucous epithelial cells were applied as absorber cells for subtraction biopanning with a c7c phagedisplay peptide library. Positive phage clones were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay andimmunofluorescence detection; amino acid sequences were deduced by DNA sequencing. After 3 rounds ofscreening, 5 of 20 phage clones screened positive, showing specific binding to LoVo cells and a conserved RPMmotif. Specific peptides against colorectal cancer cells could be obtained from a phage display peptide libraryand may be used as potential vectors for targeting therapy for colorectal cancer.
Phage peptide library
LoVo cells
subtraction biopanning
colorectal cancer
M13
2012
01
01
377
381
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26156_477517fe5b7ff4da013e5b57072b11d7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Multiple Primary Cancers
Background: Cancer survivors are at increased risk of second cancers. Lymphoproliferative disorders(LPD) are common neoplasms that are primary or subsequent cancers in cases of multiple primary cancer. Wehere analyzed metachronous or synchronous LPD in multiple primary cancers. Methods: Between 2001 and2010, LPD were assessed retrospectively in 242 multiple primary cancers patients. Results: Forty nine (20.2%)patients with LPD were detected. Six patients had two LPD where one patient had three LPD. The median ageof patients was 60.5 years (range: 28-81). LPD were diagnosed in 29 patients as primary cancer, in 23 patientsas second cancer, and in three patients as third cancer in multiple primary cancers. Primary tumor median agewas 56 (range: 20-79). Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (n=16), breast cancer (n=9), and lung cancer (n=6) weredetected as subsequent cancers. Alklylating agents were used in 19 patients (43.2%) and 20 patients (45.5%)had received radiotherapy for primary cancer treatment. The median follow-up was 70 months (range: 7-284).Second malignancies were detected after a median of 51 months (range: 7-278), and third malignancies with amedian of 18 months (range: 6-72). Conclusions: In this study, although breast and lung cancer were the mostfrequent detected solid cancers in LPD survivors, diffuse large B cell lymphoma was the most frequent detectedLPD in multiple primary cancers.
Multiple primary cancers
lymphoproliferative disorders
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
2012
01
01
383
386
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26157_d4975474d1253ee3b2607eb3aecdef5a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Resistant Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia Patients Treated with 5-Fluouracil plus Actinomycin D
A combination of 5-fluorouracil plus actinomycin D (5FU plus Act D) is the regimen that has been commonlyadministered to Chinese and Japanese gestational trophoblastic neoplasia patients as the first or second lineof treatment with an excellent outcome. However, the efficacy of this regimen in a salvage setting was unclear.To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the 5 FU plus Act D regimen utilized in this condition, all GTN patientsresistant to at least three previous chemotherapy regimens who received the 5 FU plus Act D regimen betweenAugust 2009 and January 2011 at Chiang Mai University Hospital were reviewed. There were five cases whomet the criteria. Four of those patients were in FIGO stage III to IV with a WHO scoring of more than 12.The median number of cycles for each patient was two and only one case achieved remission while four of thecases were unresponsive. The toxicity was evaluated in 12 cycles. Common complications were uncomplicatedmyelosuppression and mucositis. In conclusion, this regimen revealed modest efficacy in a salvage setting withmanageable toxicity.
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
5 fluorouracil
actinomycin D salvage treatment
2012
01
01
387
390
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26158_9e6d49ca1860d22a739bcf8eb8cd0fdd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Depression and Survival in Chinese Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Prospective Study
Aim: Depression is thought to be a predictor of poor survival among cancer patients. In our study, we aimedto investigate the association between depression and survival in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: Thesubjects were a total of 300 patients aged 20-75 years who had histological confirmed diagnosis of gastric cancerfrom January 2004 to May 2006. Three months after patients diagnosis, depression was scored using by theDepression Status Inventory (DSI) designed by Willian WK Zung. The follow-up period consisted of a total of13,643 person-months. A Cox’s regression analysis was used to assess the association between depression andsurvival. Results: The percentage of subjects with depression according to the DSI depression criteria was 31%.Tumor stage and treatment methods were significantly associated with depression of patients. Age (60 yearsor older), annual income, tumor stage, lymph nodes metastasis and treatment were significantly associatedwith increased hazard ratio (HR) for gastric cancer survival. The adjusted HR for mortality risk in gastriccancer patients with depression tended to be high (HR=3.34, 95% CI=1.23-5.49) and a significant trend wasfound (P<0.05). Conclusion: The data obtained in this prospective study in Chinese support the hypothesis thatdepression is associated with poor survival among gastric cancer patients. Further studies with a large sampleand longer term follow-up period are needed.
depression
survival
Gastric cancer
Chinese population
2012
01
01
391
394
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26159_b2ebf0cbc40d2fd2479d37262cfd7c66.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Associations between Adiponectin and Two Different Cancers: Breast and Colon
Objectives: Breast and colon cancer are neoplasms well known to be related to obesity. Adiponectin, a proteinthat increases in obesity, seems to be involved in the relationship but clinical data are limited. Methods: In thisstudy, we therefore evaluated the serum adiponectin levels in 87 breast and 27 colon cancer patients and assessedthe relation with BMI, menopausal status, receptor status and stage of disease. Results: Serum adiponectin levelswere lower in cancer cases (8583 ± 2095 ng/ml for breast cancer, 9513 ± 2276 for colon cancer) than in controls(13905 ± 3263). Conclusion: A low serum adiponectin level may be associated with both breast and colon cancer,and that this association is not statistically significant for either receptor or menopausal status in breast cancergroups.
Adiponectin
breast cancer
Colon cancer
Obesity
Adipose tissue
adipocytokines
2012
01
01
395
398
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26160_57f4425b0527fdd6968402a72d247035.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Bufalin, a Traditional Oriental Medicine, Induces Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells
Bufalin is a traditional oriental medicines which induces apoptosis in some lines of human tumor cells. Itconstitutes the major digoxin-like immunoreactive component of Chan Su, obtained from the skin and parotidvenom glands of toads. Bufalin is cardioactive C-24 steroids that exhibits a variety of biological activities, suchas cardiotonic, anaesthetic, blood pressure stimulatory, respiratory and antineoplastic effects. In terms of itsanti-tumor activity, bufalin has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of tumors, such as endometrial andovarian cancers. This commentary introduces biologic and therapeutic effects of bufalin in treating some cancers.The compound is able to mediate inhibition of cell growth, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and expression of genesrelated to the malignant phenotype in human cancer cells.
Traditional oriental medicines
bufalin
Cell cycle
Apoptosis
cancer
2012
01
01
399
402
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26161_f5b64ff44f7b97492ed60935f4551f7c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
1
Use of Mobile Phones and Cancer Risk
Mobile phones work by transmitting and receiving radio frequency microwave radiation. The radio frequency(RF) emitted by mobile phones is stronger than FM radio signal which are known to cause cancer. Thoughresearch and evidence available on the risk of cancer by mobile phones does not provide a clear and directsupport that mobile phones cause cancers. Evidence does not also support an association between exposure toradio frequency and microwave radiation from mobile phones and direct effects on health. It is however clearthat lack of available evidence of cancer as regards the use of mobile phone should not be interpreted as proofof absence of cancer risk, so that excessive use of mobile phones should be taken very seriously and with cautionto prevent cancer.
Mobile phones
radio frequency
Cancer risk
Cancer Prevention
Health
2012
01
01
403
406
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26162_d1b1638c38fae753e8d8e74880feeaad.pdf