2024-03-29T08:48:56Z
https://journal.waocp.org/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=3479
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Hepatitis C Virus - Proteins, Diagnosis, Treatment and New Approaches for Vaccine Development
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes acute and chronic human hepatitis infection and as such is an important global health problem. The virus was discovered in the USA in 1989 and it is now known that three to four million people are infected every year, WHO estimating that 3 percent of the 7 billion peopleworldwide being chronically infected. Humans are the natural hosts of HCV and this virus can eventually lead to permanent liver damage and carcinoma. HCV is a member of the Flaviviridae family and Hepacivirus genus.The diameter of the virus is about 50-60 nm and the virion contains a single-stranded positive RNA approximately 10,000 nucleotides in length and consisting of one ORF which is encapsulated by an external lipid envelopeand icosahedral capsid. HCV is a heterogeneous virus, classified into 6 genotypes and more than 50 subtypes.Because of the genome variability, nucleotide sequences of genotypes differ by approximately 31-34%, and by 20-23% among subtypes. Quasi-species of mixed virus populations provide a survival advantage for the virus to create multiple variant genomes and a high rate of generation of variants to allow rapid selection of mutants for new environmental conditions. Direct contact with infected blood and blood products, sexual relationships and availability of injectable drugs have had remarkable effects on HCV epidemiology. Hundreds of thousandsof people die each year from hepatitis and liver cancer caused by HCV virus infection. Approximately 80% of patients with acute hepatitis C progress into a chronic disease state leading to serious hepatic disorders, 10-20%of which develop chronic liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The incubation period of HCV is 6-8 weeks and the infection is often asymptomatic so it is very hard to detect at early stages, making early treatment very difficult. Therefore, hepatitis C is called a “silent disease”. Neutralizing antibodies are produced against several HCV proteins during infection but the virus mutates to escape from antibodies. Some patients withchronic hepatitis C may have some symptoms such as fatigue, muscle aches, nausea and pain. Autoimmune and immunecomplex-mediated diseases have also been reported with chronic HCV infection.
Hepatitis C Virus
treatment
Vaccine
virus like particle
2012
12
01
5917
5935
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27138_b89bf763e4bea82b8a21bcf14db8cf99.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Endocrine Disruptors and Breast Cancer Risk – Time to Consider the Environment
The term endocrine disruptors is used to describe a variety of natural and manmade substances that have thecapacity to potentially interfere with and modify the normal physiology of endocrine system either by mimicking,blocking or modulating the actions of natural endogenous hormones. The rising incidence of breast cancer overthe last 50 years and the documented higher incidence in urban as compared to rural areas suggest a relationshipto the introduction and increased use of xenoestrogens in our environment. The literature has developed overthe last decades where initial experiments on endocrine disruptors did not support an involvement in breastcancer, and then evidence mounted implicating various environmental factors including hormones, endocrinedisrupting chemicals and non-endocrine disrupting environmental carcinogens in the pathogenesis of breastcancer. Available data support the hypothesis that exposure to endocrine disruptors in utero leaves a signatureon mammary gland morphogenesis so that the resulting dysgenic gland becomes more predisposed to developtumors upon exposures to additional insults later on during life. Exceptionally, exposure to phytoestrogens couldbe beneficial to human health. Most of the available data are from well developed countries while the developingcountries are still understudied regarding these issues. Here, we raise a note of caution about potential role ofenvironmental toxins including endocrine disruptors in breast cancer development and call for serious measuresto be taken by all involved parties in the developing world.
Bisphenol A
breast cancer
endocrine disruptors
estrogen
phytoestrogens
soy
2012
12
01
5937
5946
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27189_58285349c93471747878511192b2b25f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Cancer Stem Cells and Response to Therapy
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model states that cancers are organized in cellular hierarchies, which explains the functional heterogeneity often seen in tumors. Like normal tissue stem cells, CSCs are capable of self-renewal,either by symmetric or asymmetric cell division, and have the exclusive ability to reproduce malignant tumors indefinitely. Current systemic cancer therapies frequently fail to eliminate advanced tumors, which may be dueto their inability to effectively target CSC populations. It has been shown that embryonic pathways such as Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch control self-renewal and cell fate decisions of stem cells and progenitor cells. These are evolutionary conserved pathways, involved in CSC maintenance. Targeting these pathways may be effective in eradicating CSCs and preventing chemotherapy or radiotherapy resistance.
Cancer stem cells
chemotherapy response
radiotherapy response
targeted therapy
2012
12
01
5947
5954
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27165_f3ce242860a3da6d11ee8b02280de534.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Burden of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Asian
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide, continues to have high prevalence in many countries of Asia. The main challenge is the high prevalence of chronic hepatitis and aflatoxin, for example in China. HBV vaccination should be the major preventive tactic in Asian countries. The burden of HCC is low in Iran because most cases are due to HBV and this infection was less common. Although in Iran, a mass vaccination program started in 1993, its impact on decreasing the burden of HCC due to HBV can onlybe expected in future decades.
Hepatocellular carcinoma
burden
Asia
2012
12
01
5955
5958
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27166_74488ef24ffc215f5f789234588aedc8.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Extending Application of the ‘Hardcore’ Definition to Smokeless Tobacco Use: Estimates from a Nationally Representative Population in India and its Implications
Background: The term ‘hardcore’ has been applied to use of smoking tobacco and generally referred to as the inability or unwillingness of regular smokers to quit. The component constructs of hardcore except nicotine dependence are product neutral. With the use of ‘time to first chew’ as a measure of nicotine dependence, hardcore definition can be extended to characterize smokeless tobacco users. Hardcore users respond less to tobacco cessation interventions, and are prone to tobacco induced diseases including cancer. Thus identifyinghardcore users would help in estimate the burden of high risk population for tobacco induced diseases. Smokeless tobacco use is predominant and accounts for more than 50% of oral cancer in India. Hence, hardcore chewing information could be used for planning of tobacco and cancer control interventions. The objective of this studywas to assess the prevalence and associated factors of hardcore smokeless tobacco use in India. Materials and Methods: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)-India 2010 data were analyzed to quantify hardcore smokelesstobacco use in India with following five criteria: (1) current daily smokeless tobacco use; (2) no quit attempt in the past 12 months of survey or last quit attempt of less than 24 hours duration; (3) no intention to quit in next12 months or not interested in quitting; (4) time to first use of smokeless tobacco product within 30 minutes of waking up; and (5) knowledge of smokeless tobacco hazards. Results: The number of hardcore smokeless tobacco users among adult Indians is estimated to be 5% (39.5 million). This group comprises 23.2% of dailysmokeless tobacco users. The population prevalence varied from 1.4-9.1% across different national regions of India. Logistic regression modeling indicated age, education and employment status to be the major predictors of hardcore smokeless tobacco use in India. Conclusions: The presence of a huge number (39.5 million) of hardcore smokeless tobacco users is a challenge to tobacco control and cancer prevention in India. There is an unmet need for a universal tobacco cessation programme and intensification of anti-tobacco education in communities.
Hardcore users
smokeless tobacco
dependence
India
2012
12
01
5959
5963
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27167_7b980a68cfdbd396085e404d2926657b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Statistical Approach to Discovery of Factors Impacting on Emergence of Blood Cancers in Iran
Cancer is now the main cause of increasing mortality throughout the world. Minor alterations in the cell cycle which are inherited and not removed by apoptosis are important rsik factors. Blood cancers are asmong the types which most readily cause death. Here in this study, usual but important factors such as age, gender,Rh and ABO blood typing, weight, and platelet counts are analyzed for impact on blood cancers. Frequencies and distributions, correlations and chi-square test were utilized in order to clarify the perspective of important factors. Our statistical results show males and females to have same risk in blood cancer but A blood type (40%) along with positive Rh (73%) had the highest risk. Low platelet counts are related to more than 80% of cases.Obesity has a statistically ignorable role in blood cancer prevalence. The fact that blood cancer cases increase during the second decade of life (45.7%) which might be because of involvement of maturation processes.
Blood cancer
statistical approach
age
Gender
2012
12
01
5965
5967
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27168_b42815713b7ec312a2064f2a3a4c683f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Health System Preparedness for Tobacco Control: Situational Analysis of Existing Health Programs in Andhra Pradesh, India
Introduction: Andhra Pradesh (AP) is one of the largest tobacco producing states in India. About 29% of adults in AP currently use tobacco in some form. Almost 24% of males and 4% of females are smokers. The prevalence of tobacco use in the state is higher than the national average of 15% for male and 2% for femalesmokers. However, few attempts have been made to understand the current situation of tobacco control resources,activities and strategies in the context of such a high tobacco prevalence state. The present study aimed to identify the gaps in existing tobacco control program and areas where tobacco control efforts can be integrated.Methods: Data were collected using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a total of 95 key officials of state health departments, program managers, and project directorsin six districts to understand ongoing tobacco control efforts. To facilitate the interviews, semi-structured guides were developed. Simple descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the quantitative data using SPSS version 17. Results: The results of the situational analysis suggest that a sufficient health workforce and infrastructure with the potential to integrate tobacco control activities is available in the surveyed districts. However, lack of integration of the tobacco control program intothe tuberculosis control program and the National Rural HealthMission was observed. Information, education and communication activities were lacking at block level health facilities. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that lack of trained health professionals, paucity of dedicated funds, lack of information, education and communication materials and low priority given to tobacco control activities are some of the factors which impede integration of tobacco control into existing health and developmental programmes in the districts of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Situational analysis
tobacco control programme
Andhra Pradesh
India
2012
12
01
5969
5973
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27169_1a330aa73c465a373a5453dc1ff85458.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
siRNA-mediated Inhibition of hTERC Enhances Radiosensitivityof Cervical Cancer
Background: To investigate the influence of telomerase activity, apoptosis, radiosensitivity of cervical cancer after siRNA-mediated knockdown of telomerase RNA and evaluate in vivo growth with gene interference.Methods: We studied siRNA-targeting-telomerase RNA transfection into the Hela cell line. Expression of hTERC mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and telomerase activity was measured by the TRAP assay. Growth inhibition was determined by MTT assay and radiosensitivity of the cervical cancer cells was examined by colony formation assay. In addtion, effects of hTERC inhibition in vivo were studied by injection of siRNA-transfected Hela cells into nude mice. Results: The hTERC siRNA effectively downregulated the expression of hTERC mRNA and alsoreduced the telomerase activity to 30% of the untreated control vlaue. The viability of hTERC siRNA transfected Hela cells was reduced by 44.7% after transfection. After radiation treatment, the radiosensitivity of Hela cells with hTERC knockdown was increased. In vivo, the tumors developing from the hTERC siRNA-transfectedcells were of reduced size, indicating that the hTERT siRNA also depressed the tumorigenic potential of the Hela cells. Conclusions: Our results supported the concept of siRNA-mediated inhibition of telomerase mRNA whichcould inhibit the expression of hTERC and telomerase activity. Furthermore, radiosensitivity was upregulated after knockdown the hTERC in vivo and in vitro.
siRNA-mediated inhibition
hTERC
cervical cancer
2012
12
01
5975
5979
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27170_8319bb515864e3c79fa1f0743cc51a9d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
MMP1 rs1799750 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Lung Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis
Background: Numerous studies have investigated the association of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) rs1799750 single nucleotide polymorphism with lung cancer susceptibility, but the findings are inconsistent.Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate any possible association. Methods: We searched publications from MEDLINE, EMBASE and CNKI databases which assessed links between theMMP1 rs1799750 polymorphism and lung cancer risk. We calculated the pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) using either fixed-effects or random-effects models. Results: The meta-analysis was based on 9 publications encompassing 4,823 cases and 4,298 controls. The overall results suggested there was a significant association between the MMP1 rs1799750 polymorphism and lung cancer risk (1G vs. 2G: OR = 0.83,95%CI = 0.73-0.94; 1G1G vs. 2G2G: OR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.59-0.92; 1G1G vs. 1G2G/2G2G: OR = 0.87, 95%CI = 0.79-0.97; 1G1G/1G2G vs. 2G2G: OR = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.64-0.95). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the association was still obvious in Asians (all P values < 0.05), but there was no association in Caucasians (all P values > 0.05). Conclusions: The MMP1 rs1799750 polymorphism is associated with decreased lung cancer risk,and a race-specific effect may exist in this association.
MMP1
Lung cancer
Single nucleotide polymorphism
Meta-analysis
Ethnic Groups
2012
12
01
5981
5984
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27171_18595907027c48c1e33e7d63090a6723.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Effect of a Training Programme on Knowledge of Nurses from a Missionary Hospital in India Regarding Breast Cancer and its Screening
A cross-sectional study was conducted among nursing staff of a missionary hospital of Delhi in June 2009. All the nurses were invited to participate in the training programme on breast cancer and techniques of breast selfexamination (BSE). A questionnaire was administered to all 259 participants seeking information on their level of awareness regarding breast cancer and relevant screening guidelines. With the help of 5 training workshopsall the nurses were imparted training regarding the most appropriate technique of doing breast self exams.The mean age of the participants was 35.8 years. Out of a total of 259 nursing staff members 77.2% correctly answered all the 10 questions regarding high risk factors for breast cancer and after the training programme this increased to 100% (p<0.05). Only 65.2% of the participants gave correct responses to all the 8 questions regarding correct technique of performing a BSE, which after the training programme increased to 99.3% (p<0.05). At the baseline only 56.8% knew all the three screening methods correctly and after the intervention98.7% could correctly mark the responses regarding screening (p<0.05). The actual practice of following the screening guidelines amongst the nursing staff was poor. Only 26 (10.03%) had ever done a BSE, none performedit monthly, 58 (22.4%) had ever gone themselves for a CBE and 18 (6. 94%) had ever undergone mammography.
Nurses
breast cancer
Breast
Screening
India
2012
12
01
5985
5987
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27172_b2bfa88fa8fbe88f37e8e6f1e3117c65.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Predictors of Re-participation in Faecal Occult Blood Test-Based Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Background: There is little information on longitudinal patterns of participation in faecal occult blood test (FOBT) based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening or on demographic or behavioural factors associated with participation in re-screening. The lack of an agreed system for describing participatory behaviour over multiplerounds also hampers our ability to report, understand and make use of observed associations. Our aims were to develop a system for describing patterns of participatory behaviour in FOBT-based CRC screening programs and to identify factors associated with particular behavioural patterns. Methods: A descriptive framework was developed and applied to a data extract of screening invitation outcomes over two rounds of the NBCSP. The proportion of invitees in each behaviour category was determined and associations between behaviour patternsand demographic and program factors were identified using multivariate analyses. Results: We considered Re- Participants, Dropouts, Late Entrants and Never Participants to be the most appropriate labels for the four possible observed participatory categories after two invitation rounds. The screening participation rate of the South Australian cohort of the NBCSP remained stable over two rounds at 51%, with second round Dropouts (10.3%) being balanced by Late Entrants (10.5%). Non-Participants comprised 38.7% of invitees. Relative to Re-Participants, Dropouts were older, more likely to be female, of lower SES, had changed their place of residence between offers had a positive test result in the first round. Late Entrants tended to be in the youngest age band. Conclusions: Specific demographic characteristics are associated with behavioural sub-groups defined by responses to 2 offers of CRC screening. Targeted group-specific strategies could reduce dropout behaviour or encourage those who declined the first invitation to participate in the second round. It will be important tokeep first round participants engaged in order to maximise the benefit of a CRC screening program.
colorectal cancer
Screening program
re-screening
faecal occult blood test
Prevention
South Australia
2012
12
01
5989
5994
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27173_1999a82fdeb42b581a2a49b970a9c938.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Effect of Education on Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioral Intention in Family Relative with Colorectal Cancer Patients Based on Theory of Planned Behavior
Background: Colorectal cancer is one of most common cancers in women and men and one of the major causes of death due to neoplasia. Colonoscopy is considered as the most accurate diagnostic procedure to detect colorectal cancer at the earlier stages. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of an education program using the Theory of Planned Behavior on promoting behavioral intention among first degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study conducted to evaluatethe effectiveness of an educational program to promote attitudinal factors associated with early detection of colorectal cancer in 99 first degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients aged more than 20 years in Yazd city,Iran. A researcher made questionnaire forwhich validity and reliability were confirmed by expert point of view and pilot testing was employed for data collection. Questionnaires were filled in before and after educationalintervention. The registered data were transferred to SPSS 19 and analyzed by paired T-test, Man-Whitney and Wilcaxon. Results: Mean scores of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control and intention regarding colorectal cancer increased after education significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior has positive influence on promoting intention behavior. It is therefore recommended to apply educational programs to promote behavioral intention.
colorectal cancers
first degree family
Knowledge
Attitude
intention
Iran
2012
12
01
5995
5998
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27174_1cdffab9d13c21a0c03880c2550b66d8.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
General Health Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors among Prostate Cancer Patients in Two Tertiary Medical Centers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Study
Measurement of quality of life among prostate cancer patients helps the health care providers to understand the impact of the disease in the patients’ own perspective. The main aim of this study is to measure the quality oflife among prostate cancer patients at University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) and to ascertain the association factors for physical coefficient summary (PCS) and mental coefficient summary (MCS). A hospital based, cross sectional study using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire was conducted over a period of 6 months. A total of 193 respondents were recruited. Their total quality of life score was 70.1±14.7 and the PCS score was lower compared to MCS. The factors associated for PCS were: age, living partner, renal problem, urinary problem of intermittency, dysuria and hematuria.Factors associated for MCS were: age, living partner, renal problem, presenting prostatic specific antigen and urinary problem of intermittency and dysuria. Our prostate cancer patients had moderate quality of life in the physical health components but their mental health was less affected.
Health related quality of life
associated factors
Prostate Cancer
Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
2012
12
01
5999
6004
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27175_69f5bf0226b1dc7c3569c9cb445be359.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Identification of Genetic and Non-genetic Risk Factors for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in a Southeast Asian Population
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in Southern Chinese and Southeast Asian populations. Geographical and ethnic clustering of the cancer is due to genetic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors. This case-control study aimed to identify or confirm both genetic and non-genetic risk factors for NPC in one of the endemic countries, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A panel of 768 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with various cancers and known non-genetic risk factors for NPC were selected and analyzed for their associations with NPC in a case-control study. Results: Statistical analysis identified 40 SNPs associated with NPC risk in our population, including 5 documented previously by genome-wide associationstudies (GWAS) and other case-control studies; the associations of the remaining 35 SNPs with NPC were novel.In addition, consistent with previous studies, exposure to occupational hazards, overconsumption of salt-cured foods, red meat, as well as low intake of fruits and vegetables were also associated with NPC risk. Conclusions: In short, this study confirmed and/or identified genetic, environmental and dietary risk factors associated with NPC susceptibility in a Southeast Asian population.
SNP
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
association study
Cancer risk
Southeast Asia
2012
12
01
6005
6010
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27176_d398e493cb9864311f521f1c4eb1cb7d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Barrett’s Esophagus and β-carotene Therapy: Symptomatic Improvement in GERD and Enhanced HSP70 Expression in Esophageal Mucosa
Introduction: Epidemiological studies suggest a protective role for β-carotene with several malignancies. Esophageal adenocarcinoma frequently arises from Barrett’s esophagus (BE). We postulated that β-carotene therapy maybe protective in BE. Materials and Method: We conducted a prospective study in which 25 mg of β-carotene was administered daily for six-months to six patients. Each patient underwent upper endoscopy before and after therapy and multiple mucosal biopsies were obtained. Additionally, patients completed agastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms questionnaire before and after therapy and severity score was calculated. To study the effect of β-carotene at molecular level, tissue extracts of the esophageal mucosal biopsywere subjected to assessment of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70). Results: A significant (p<0.05) reduction in mean GERD symptoms severity score from 7.0±2.4 to 2.7±1.7 following β-carotene therapy was noted. Measurementof Barrett’s segment also revealed a significant reduction in mean length after therapy. In fact, two patients had complete disappearance of intestinal metaplasia. Furthermore, marked enhancement of HSP70 expression wasdemonstrated in biopsy specimens from Barrett’s epithelium in four cases that were tested. Conclusions: Longterm β-carotene therapy realizes amelioration of GERD symptoms along with restitution of the histological and molecular changes in esophageal mucosa of patients with BE, associated with concurrent increase in mucosal HSP70 expression.
β-carotene
HSP70
Barrett’s esophagus
GERD
2012
12
01
6011
6016
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27177_401cb468b76eb1c0e8d541e84dc6a053.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Resveratrol Affects Protein Kinase C Activity and Promotes Apoptosis in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells
Background: Resveratrol has been reported to have potential chemopreventive and apoptosis-inducing properties in a variety of tumor cell lines. Objective: In this study, to investigate the effects of resveratrol on protein kinase C (PKC) activity and apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cells, we used HT-29 cells and examined the PKCα and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Methods: To test the effects of resveratrol on the growth of HT- 29 cells, the cells were exposed to varying concentrations and assessed with the the MTT cell-viability assay.Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis was applieded to determine the effects of resveratrol on cell apoptosis. Western blotting was performed to determine the protein levels of PKCα and ERK1/2. In inhibition experiments, HT-29 cells were treated with Gő6976 or PD98059 for 30 min, followed by exposure to 200 μM resveratrol for 72 h. Results: Resveratrol had a significant inhibitory effect on HT-29 cell growth. FACS revealed that resveratrol induced apoptosis. Western blotting showed that e phosphorylation of PKCα and ERK1/2 was significantly increased in response to resveratrol treatment. Pre-treatment with PKCα and ERK1/2 inhibitors (Gő6976 and PD98059) promoted apoptosis. Conclusion: Resveratrol has significant anti-proliferative effects on the colon cancer cell line HT-29. The PKC- ERK1/2 signaling pathway can partially mediate resveratrol-induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells.
Resveratrol
HT-29 cells
Apoptosis
PKC
ERK1/2 signaling pathway
2012
12
01
6017
6022
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27178_7736a2e46325baf156215b9b66818c49.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Roles of Ethnicity in Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Malaysia
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Malaysia for the year 2001 was 2.8 per 100,000 people.The mortality rate is increasing. A retrospective cohort study measuring the survival of HCC patients who received treatment in Selayang Hospital was conducted from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2006. The main objectivesof the study were to measure the survival of the patients and to understand the influencing factors, especially ethnicity. The subjects were newly diagnosed cases of HCC by CT scan and histopathological assessment who underwent futher investigations and treatments in Hospital Selayang (inception cohort). The survival time was measured from the date of diagnosis until the subjects died, or failed to follow-up at the end of the study period (31 December 2007). A total of 299 patients were selected with 95 patients dying, the majority among Chinese(39.1%). Subgroup analysis according to ethnicity proved significantly that Chinese patients who had smaller tumor, less number of nodules, low AFP level, Child Pugh Class A and received surgical treatment had a better median survival rate compared to other ethnic groups. Malay (cHR: 1.3, 95%CI; 0.89-1.85) and Indian (cHR: 1.3, 95%CI; 0.74-2.26) patients had a poor survival compared to Chinese patients, but not in the final model.Therefore ethnicity may play a role in survival of HCC patients, but not as a main hazard prognostic factor.
ethnicity
survival
HCC
Prognostic factors
Malaysia
2012
12
01
6023
6026
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27179_189147eb2a7f2d12d721b4abc606cb48.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Patients with Cancer and their Relatives Beliefs, Information Needs and Information-Seeking Behavior about Cancer and Treatment
Purpose: To identify cancer patient and relatives beliefs, information needs, information-seeking behavior and information sources about cancer and treatment. Methods: This research was conducted at two hospitalsof a university. Data was collected via questionnaires and the Turkish version of the Miller Behavioral Style Scale (MBSS) to assess information-seeking behavior. The sample included 82 patients and 54 relatives. Results: Patients were receiving treatment mostly for breast, gynecologic, lung cancer and leukemia/ lymphoma. All of them indicated that they want to be informed by a doctor about their diagnosis and treatment first. Other information sources were internet, media and nurses. The majority of the patients and half of their relatives agreed that “cancer is curable and preventable disease”. Only 2.5% of patients agreed with the statement “I don’t want to get information about disease which disturbs me”. According the data obtained from MBSS; the mean patients MBSS score (6.41±3.2) was higher than their relatives (5.46±3.1). Respondents with higher education and younger age indicated more information-seeking behavior. Conclusions: Patients and their relatives differ in some of their information-seeking behavior. Patients beliefs and their strategies for coping with their illnesscan constrain their wish for information and their efforts to obtain it. Healthcare professionals need to assess and be sensitive to the information-seeking behavior of cancer patients and their relatives.
Cancer treatments
beliefs
Information needs
Information Seeking Behavior
2012
12
01
6027
6032
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27180_4291c410bbaf8bbd0d5e2f8d2c435599.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Beliefs about Physical Activity in Sedentary Cancer Patients: an In-depth Interview Study in France
This study was designed to identify beliefs about physical activity in cancer patients. Semi- structured interviews were conducted with 20 patients under treatment, who were invited to identify perceived barriers for not adopting a physically active lifestyle and to express their beliefs about physical activity. Content analyses revealed five main categories of beliefs including four types of barriers: (a) barriers related to the side effects of treatment; (b) barriers related to a lack of perceived physical abilities; (c) barriers related to a lack of interestfor physical activity; (d) beliefs about the negative effects of physical activity, and (e) beliefs about the positive effects of physical activity. These findings extend the existing literature by indicating how stereotypes may play a role in explaining sedentary lifestyles in cancer patients.
cancer
physical activity
sedentary lifestyle
beliefs
stereotypes
2012
12
01
6033
6038
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27181_1050f523c791e1bf13d19c0d9d68ba40.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Expression of P-glycoprotein is Positively Correlated with p53 in Human Papilloma Virus Induced Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of Uterine Cervix: Poor Prognosis Association
This study was conducted to assess the predictive value of p-glycoprotein (p-gp) and p53 immunoexpression in human papillomavirus (HPV) infected cases of cervical dysplasia. Expression of both p-gp and p53 proteins was detected in cervical smears from 177 squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) cases along with 183 “atypical squamous cells of unknown significance” (ASCUS) and 150 normal cases. HPV 16 and 18 infection was detected by polymerase chain reaction using type-specific primers for HPV sub-types. There were no significant detectablep53 and p-gp expression in the normal cervix smears (p>0.05). In the ASCUS group 10 cases were positive for both p53 and p-gp immunoreactivity. In cervical dysplasia cases, p53 was positive in 86 (48.58%) while p-gp waspositive in 93 (52.54%) and the two markers showed a highly significant correlation (r=0.92, p<0.001). Expression of p53 and p-gp was associated with grade of SIL (p<0.001). A positive correlation between the presence of HPVand expression of proteins p53 and p-gp in smears of patients with cervical lesions was also noted (p<0.001).Thus, p53 and p-gp immunostaining in cervical smears may act as an auxiliary biomarker for detection of HPV-associated cervical lesions. Additionally, a significant positive correlation between ascending grades of SIL and labeling indices of markers suggests that p53 and p-gp can be used as an adjunct to cytomorphological interpretation of conventional cervical Pap smears.
cervical dysplasia
Human papilloma virus
p-glycoprotein
p53
SIL/CIN
cervical smear
2012
12
01
6039
6045
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27182_42b68b7f762119364ae1b1bb8fe801e9.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Bracken-fern Extracts Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Certain Cancer Cell Lines
Bracken fern [Pteridium aquilinem (L.) kuhn (Dennstaedtiaceae)] is one of the most common species on the planet. It has been consumed by humans and animals for centuries. Use by some human groups is because theybelieve bracken fern is good for health as plant medicine. However, it is also one of the few known plants that can cause tumors in farm animals. Many interested groups have focused their attention on bracken fern because of these interesting features. In order to evaluate the biological effects of exposure to this plant in cellular level, human cancer cell lines were treated with the fern dichloromethane extracts and the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were studied. Anti-proliferative/cytotoxic effects were evaluated by cell count, MTT assay and flow cytometry methods with three different cancer cell lines, TCC, NTERA2, and MCF-7, and two normal cells, HDF1 and HFF3. Pro-apoptotic effects of the extracts were determined by DAPI staining and comet assay, on TCC cancercells compared to the normal control cell lines. Cellular morphology was examined by light microscopy. Our present study showed that the extract caused DNA damage and apoptosis at high concentrations (200 μg/mL)and also it may induce cell cycle arrest (G2/M phase) at mild concentrations (50 and 30 μg/mL) depending on the cell type and tumor origin. These results indicate that bracken fern extract is a potent source of anticancercompounds that could be utilized pharmaceutically.
Bracken ferns
Cell proliferation
Apoptosis
cell cycle arrest
2012
12
01
6047
6053
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27183_53bb0ec5307c5a04bbb28e3404f9c3e3.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Association between Mismatch Repair Gene MSH3 codons 1036 and 222 Polymorphisms and Sporadic Prostate Cancer in the Iranian Population
The mismatch repair system (MMR) is a post-replicative DNA repair mechanism whose defects can lead to cancer. The MSH3 protein is an essential component of the system. We postulated that MSH3 gene polymorphisms might therefore be associated with prostate cancer (PC). We studied MSH3 codon 222 and MSH3 codon 1036 polymorphisms in a group of Iranian sporadic PC patients. A total of 60 controls and 18 patients were assessed using the polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformational polymorphism. For comparing the genotypefrequencies of patients and controls the chi-square test was applied. The obtained result indicated that there was significantly association between G/A genotype of MSH3 codon 222 and G/G genotype of MSH3 codon 1036 withan increased PC risk (P=0.012 and P=0.02 respectively). Our results demonstrated that MSH3 codon 222 and MSH3 codon 1036 polymorphisms may be risk factors for sporadic prostate cancer in the Iranian population.
Sporadic prostate cancer
Polymorphism
DNA mismatch repair
MSH3
Iran
2012
12
01
6055
6057
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27184_50cff144f4ad28837cf9b2068d371d70.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Clinicopathological Profile of Head and Neck Cancers in the Western Development Region, Nepal: A 4-Year Snapshot
Regional cancer epidemiology is an important basis for determining the priorities for cancer control in different countries worldwide. There is no reliable information about the pattern of head and neck cancer in western Nepal and hence an attempt was here made to evaluate the situation based on hospital data, whichprovide the only source in the western region of Nepal. A clinicopathological analysis of head and neck cancers treated between 2003 and 2006 in Manipal Teaching Hospital affiliated to Manipal College of Medical Sciences,Pokhara, Western Development Region, Nepal was performed. A total of 105 head and neck cancer cases were identified with a male to female ratio of 1.8:1. The median ages of male and female patients were 62 and 64 years, respectively. Ninety-seven (92.4%) of the cancer patients were suffering from carcinoma, three (2.9%) had blastoma, three (2.9%) had sarcoma, and two (1.9%) had lymphoma. The majority (61.9%) of carcinoma cases were squamous cell carcinoma followed by anaplastic carcinoma (7.2%). Of the carcinoma cases, the mostcommon site of primary lesion was larynx (19.6%), followed by the thyroid (14.4%), the tongue and hypopharynx with 10.3% cases each. Comparative analysis among males and females did not reveal any sex difference in typeof head and neck cancers. The head and neck cancer pattern revealed by the present study provides valuable leads to cancer epidemiology in western Nepal and useful information for health planning and cancer control,and future research in western Nepal
head and neck cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
clinicopathological profile
Nepal
2012
12
01
6059
6062
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27185_8b7192e30c72105a430e10d64b2d5677.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Haptoglobin Levels in Turkish Patients with Bladder Cancerand its Association with Clinicopathological Features
Although alteration in the haptoglobin phenotype has been reported in patients with bladder cancer, serum haptoglobin levels have not been evaluated. We hypothesized that serum haptoglobin can be used as a biomarker.The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of haptoglobin in bladder cancer and to determine the relationship with clinicopathological features. A total of 68 serum specimens obtained before surgery were usedto investigate haptoglobin expression using the sandwich ELISA technique. Serum haptoglobin levels were higher in the patients with bladder cancer compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001). Additionally, the levels ofhaptoglobin protein increased with increasing tumor grades (p<0.001) and were significantly higher in patients with metastatic disease and the presence of lymphovascular involvement, lymph node metastases and increasingtumor burden (p<0.0001). This study suggests that elevated haptoglobin levels are associated with a higher stage, grade, and extent of distant metastasis and larger tumor size. Haptoglobin may therefore provide a useful diagnostic and treatment biomarker for patients with bladder cancer.
Haptoglobin
Biomarker
bladder cancer
Turkey
2012
12
01
6063
6066
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27186_8803aeaaa1180542fe0232cc8cd1c3a4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
The Results of a Breast Cancer Screening Camp at a District Level in Rural India
Background: Breast cancer in developing countries is on the rise. There are currently no guidelines to screen women at risk in India. Since mammography in the western world is a well-accepted screening tool to prevent late presentation of breast cancer and improve mortality, it is intuitive to adopt mammography as a screening tool of choice. However, it is expensive and fraught with logistical issues in developing countries like India.Materials and Methods: Our breast cancer screening camp was done at a local district hospital in India after approval from the director and administrators. After initial training of local health care workers, a one-day camp was held. Clinical breast examination, mammograms, as well as diagnostic evaluation with ultrasound and fine needle aspiration biopsy were utilized. Results: Out of total 68 women screened only 2 women with previous history of breast cancer were diagnosed with breast cancer recurrence. None of the women in othergroups were diagnosed with breast cancer despite suspicious lesions either on clinical exam, mammogram or ultrasound. Most suspicious lesions were fibroadenomas. The average cost of screening women who underwentmammography, ultrasound and fine needle aspiration was $30 dollars, whereas it was $16 in women who had simple clinical breast examination. Conclusions: Local camps act as catalysts for women to seek medical attentionor discuss with local health care workers concerns of discovering new lumps or developing breast symptoms.Our camp did diagnose recurrence of breast cancer in two previously treated breast cancer patients, who were promptly referred to a regional cancer hospital. Further studies are needed in countries like India to identify the best screening tool to decrease the presentation of breast cancer in advanced stages and to reduce mortality.
Breast Cancer Screening
breast cancer in India
optimal approach in India
2012
12
01
6067
6072
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27187_b6eee1d99d31b20630ca3e88ec87a87d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Screening for in vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Seaweed, Sargassum sp. Against Hep-2 and MCF-7 Cancer Cell Lines
Discovery of anticancer drugs that kill or disable tumor cells in the presence of normal cells without undue toxicity is a potential challenge for therapeutic care. Several papers in the literature have emphasized the potential implications of marine products such as seaweeds which exhibit antitumor activity. Study attempts to screen the antitumor effect of Sargassum sp, against chosen cell lines such as MCF-7 (Breast cancer) and Hep-2 (Liver Cancer). Ethanol extract of Sargassum sp. was concentrated using a Soxhlet apparatus and dissolved in DMSO.In vitro cytotoxic activity of Sargassum sp at various concentrations (100 μg/ml-300 μg/ml) screened for antitumor effect against the chosen cell lines using MTT assay (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide, a yellow tetrazole). The study documented that the percentage of cell viability has been reduced with increased concentration, as evidenced by cell death. Sargassum sp extract shows potential cytotoxic activity (P≤0.05) with IC50 of 200 μg/ml and 250 μg/ml against Hep-2 and MCF-7 cell lines respectively. The ethanol fraction of Sargassum sp induced cell shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing and formation of apoptotic bodies with evidence of bioactive components as profound influencing factors for anti-tumor effects. Further research need to be explored for the successful application of Sargassum sp as a potent therapeutic tool against cancer.
MTT
Sargassum sp
Apoptosis
HEP 2
MCF 7
2012
12
01
6073
6076
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27188_29769c031b98b23673849b361cc3d4c0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Pretreatment Thrombocytosis as a Prognostic Factor in Women with Gynecologic Malignancies: a Meta-analysis
Background: This study was performed to analyze the prognostic implications of pretreatment or preoperativethrombocytosis in women with gynecologic malignancies. Material and Methods: We surveyed 2 medicaldatabases, PubMed and EMBASE, to identified all relevant studies. A total of 14 (n=3,490) that evaluated thelink between thrombocytosis and 5-year survival were included. REVMAN version 5.1 was used for our analysisand publication bias was evaluated using the Begg’s funnel plot and tested by STATA 11.0. Risk ratios (RRs) with95% confidence intervals (CIs) generated by the random effect model were used to assess the strength of anyassociation. Results: 709(20.3%) of the 3,490 patients exhibited thrombocytosis (platelet counts >400×109/L) atprimary diagnosis, and their mortality was 1.62-fold higher compared with the others (RR=1.62, 95%CI= [1.28-2.05], p<0.0001). Thrombocytosis failed to have a stronger effect on the survival of advanced patients of stagesⅢ to Ⅳ in our study (n=478, RR=1.29, 95% CI= [1.13-1.48], p=0.0003), nor in women with cervical cancer instage ⅠB (n=1371, RR= 1.73, 95% CI= [1.71-2.58], p=0.007). In addition, when adjusted for different carcinoma,it was associated with worse prognosis for all except the ones with vulvar cancer (n=201, RR= 0.43, 95% CI=[0.14-1.29], p=0.13). Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated that thrombocytosis might be associated with aworse prognosis for patients with gynecologic malignancies but without specificity or sensitivity for the ones inadvanced stage. When adjusted for different gynecologic malignancies, it showed a significant effect on survivalof all except vulvar cancers.
Thrombocytosis
gynecologic malignancies
Meta-analysis
Prognosis
2012
12
01
6077
6081
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27190_56cbc7778aba0b7e4e8259a29ee2b1e7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Human Papilloma Virus Attributable Head and Neck Cancer in the Sudan Assessed by p16INK4A Immunostaining
Background: The aim of this study was to screen for human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in head andneck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) using P16 immunostaining. Materials and Methods: A retrospectivestudy was performed on 150 samples from patients diagnosed with HNSCCs. HPV status was determined usingp16INK4A. Results: 31 of the 150 (20.7%) HNSCCs were HPV positive. Conclusions: A large proportion of HNSCCsin Sudan are associated with HPV infection. The fact that the prevalence of HPV is high among Sudanese patientswith head and neck cancers (HNC) has obvious implications for vaccine therapy.
head and neck cancer
human papillomavirus
P16ink4a
Sudan
2012
12
01
6083
6086
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27191_76d73d41886c4a0e3298f97a0546f623.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Second Primary Malignant Neoplasms: A Clinicopathological Analysis from a Cancer Centre in India
Context: Patients diagnosed with a cancer have a life time risk of developing another de novo malignancydepending on various inherited, environmental and iatrogenic risk factors. Of late the detection of new primaryhas increased mainly due to refinement in both diagnostic and treatment modalities. Cancer victims are survivinglonger and thus are more likely to develop a new metachronous malignancy. Aims: To report our observed trendof increase in prevalence of both synchronous and metachronous second malignant neoplasms among cancervictims and to review the relevant literature. Settings and Design: A hospital based retrospective collection ofprospective data of patients diagnosed with second denovo malignancy. Materials and Method: The study wasconducted over a 5 year period from July 2008 to June 2012. All patients diagnosed with a histologically provensecond malignancy as per Warren Gate’s criteria were included. Various details regarding sex, age at presentation,synchronous or metachronous, treatment and outcome were recorded. Conclusions: The occurrence of multipleprimary malignancies is not rare. Awareness of the possibility alerts the clinician in evaluation of patients witha known malignancy presenting with unusual sites of metastasis. Individualizing the treatment according to thestages of the primaries will result in durable cancer control particularly in synchronous double malignancy.
Second primary malignancy
double malignancy
second malignant neoplasm
2012
12
01
6087
6091
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27192_7b669ba0164897531e86fb75311e639b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Clinical and Ultrasonographic Changes of the Breast after Use of Soy Isoflavones
Background: Phytoestrogens may be an alternative therapy in control of menopausal symptoms but theirdefinite effects on breast tissue must be determined. Our study aimed to define the clinical and ultrasonographicchanges of the breast after use of soy isoflavones in menopausal women. Materials and Methods: Menopausalwomen with hot flashes were randomly grouped as cases and controls and cases received soy isoflavones for12 weeks. Breast examination (BE) and ultrasonography (US) were done at 0, 6 and 12 weeks. Tenderness andnodularity on BE were graded 1-4 by breast surgeons. Results: There were 30 women in the case and 26 in thecontrol group. The mean age was 51.3 years and the mean age of menopause was 49.2 years. There was no changein the BE and US at 6 weeks in controls. In the case group, 10% had grade 1 tenderness and 13.3% grade 2tenderness and grade 1 nodularity in BE accompanied with diffuse small cysts in US. At 12 weeks, there was nochange in BE and US in the 2 groups. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference in the BE ofthe 2 groups at 6 and 12 weeks (p value=0.36 and 0.41 for nodularity and tenderness respectively) and in the USresults. Although the literature contains many facts concerning PEs and the breast, further prospective studiesare needed to identify structural breast changes produced by PEs in order to identify the appropriate dosageand indications of use.
breast examination
Breast Neoplasm
Ultrasonography
phytoestrogens
soy isoflavones
2012
12
01
6093
6095
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27193_1651324f8f4e8e378e18b58a967d51ce.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
ABO and Rh Blood Groups and Risk of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Background: Previous studies have observed an association between ABO blood group and risk for certaingastrointestinal malignancies, including pancreatic and gastric cancer. However, it is unclear whether thereis such an association with colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, possible relationships between ABO bloodgroups and Rh factor and KRAS status in patients with CRC were investigated. Materials and Methods: In 1,620patients with CRC, blood group and Rh factor were examined and compared with the control group of 3,022,883healthy volunteer blood donors of the Turkish Red Crescent between 2004 and 2011. The relationship of bloodgroups with wild type K-ras status was also evaluated. Results: Overall distributions of ABO blood groups aswell as Rh factor were comparable between patients (45% A, 7.2% AB, 16.4% B, 31.4% O, and 87.2% Rh+) andcontrols (42.2% A, 7.6% AB, 16.3% B, 33.9% O, and 87.7% Rh+) (p=0.099). However, there were statisticallysignificant difference between patients and controls with respect to O vs. non O blood group (p=0.033) andmarginally significant difference for A vs. non-A blood group (p=0.052). Among patients, the median age was62 (range 17-97), 58.1% were male. There were no statistically significant differences respect to sex and K-rasstatus. Conclusion: In present study, the ABO/Rh blood groups were statistically significantly associated withthe risk of CRC. There were no relationship between K-ras status and ABO blood group and Rh factor. Howeverfurther studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to establish the role of blood groups and to definet he mechanisms by which ABO blood type affect CRC.
Colon cancer
ABO Blood group
Rh factor
K-ras
2012
12
01
6097
6100
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27194_2c1d6ee8badea165829bd3a5f006280a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Tamoxifen Resistance and CYP2D6 Copy Numbers in Breast Cancer Patients
Background: Breast cancer accounts about one million from total annual ten million new diagnosed casesof neoplasia worldwide and is the main cause of death due to cancer in women. Tamoxifen is the most popularselective estrogen receptor modulator used in anti estrogen treatments. Tamoxifen must be converted into itsmetabolite endoxifen for biologic effects; this conversion process is catalysed by highly polymorphic cytochromeP450 2D6 (CYP2D6). This study surveyed copy number variation of the CYP2D6 gene and its possible correlationwith Tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer patients. Methods: This case control study was performed on samplestaken from 79 patients with breast cancer who used tamoxifen in Yazd and Tehran Cities, Iran. Real time reactionswere conducted for 10 healthy samples using the comparative Ct (Cycles threshold) method, each pair of genesbeing compared and samples with ratios around 1 were taken as control samples. Proliferation reactions weredone by Real-Time PCR ABI Prism 7500. All registered data were transformed into SPSS 15 program andanalyzed. Results: Efficiency of PCR for both CYP2D6 and ALB genes was 100%. From all 23 drug resistantpatients 21.7% had one copy, 47.8% two copies and 30.4% had three copies. Also from all 56 drug sensitivepatients, 26.8% had one copy, 51.8% two copies and 21.4% had three copies. The percentage of patients withone and two copies was similar between two groups but patients with three copies were more likely to belong tothe drug resistant group more. Odd ratios for one and two copies were 0.759 and 0.853 respectively, indicatingpossible protective effects while that for three copies was 1.604. Conclusions: Based on our study there is nosignificant link between CYP2D6 gene copy numbers and tamoxifen resistance in women with breast cancer.But more studies considering other influencing factors appear warranted.
Tamoxifen
CYP2D6 gene
copy numbers
Drug resistance
2012
12
01
6101
6104
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27195_5a7c2cdbf88367f75d86e429fbb43559.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Knowledge Levels of Turkish Nurses Related to Prevention and Early Diagnosis of Cancer
Background: The aim of this study was to examine knowledge about cancer and early diagnosis of canceramong nurses. Materials and Method: This descriptive study was carried out at a University Faculty of MedicineHospital in Turkey. Study between April and June, 2011, with 325 volunteer nurses. The collection tool consistedof two survey forms. The first was designed for sociodemographic information and the second consisted of 16questions, prepared in accordance with the literature as open and close-ended, for interviews conducted byresearchers. Results: Out of the individuals (n=325), included in the study, 90.8% were female, 63.1% highschool-university graduates and 55.1% married, with an average years of service of 6.34±5.33 and an averageage of 28.1±5.10. The mean cancer knowledge point was 70.1±19.5. Some 79.1% of nurses had not receivedcancer related continuing education by specialists. A signified relation was found between the nurse knowledgeon cancer and educational level (p<0.05). Conclusions: The nurse, a member of the health staff, is in constantcontact with individuals at hospitals, schools, polyclinics, workplaces, and homes. When educating society aboutcancer, nurses need to have a high level of knowledge regarding early diagnosis and cancer prevention.
cancer
Cancer Prevention
Early Diagnosis
Knowledge
Nurses
Turkey
2012
12
01
6105
6108
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27196_9f51b3e9cc34488f984720f6c7888e54.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Human Papilloma Virus 18 Detection in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Potentially Malignant Lesions Using Saliva Samples
Background: Oral cancer has become one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and human Papillomavirusis one of the risk factors for developing oral cancer. For this study HPV18 was chosen as it is one of the high riskHPV types and may lead to carcinogenesis. However, prevalence of HPV18 infection in Oral Squamous CellCarcinoma in Malaysia remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the viral load of HPV18DNA in OSCC and potentially malignant lesions using saliva samples. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNAsof thirty saliva samples of normal subjects and thirty saliva samples compromised of 16 samples from potentiallymalignant lesions and 14 of OSCC patients were amplified for HPV18 DNA using a nested polymerase chainreaction analysis. All PCR products were then analyzed using the Bioanalyzer to confirm presence of HPV18DNA. Result: From thirty patients examined, only one of 30 (3.3%) cases was found to be positive for HPV18in this study. Conclusion: The finding of this study revealed that there is a low viral detection of HPV18 inMalaysian OSCC by using saliva samples, suggesting that prevalence of HPV18 may not be important in thisgroup of Malaysian OSCC.
HPV 18
oral squamous cell carcinoma
Nested PCR
Malaysia
2012
12
01
6109
6113
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27197_b29720da650a06c19e63df02bb0c19d1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Knowledge and Attitude of Iranian University Students toward Human Papilloma Virus
Introduction: Increasing prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and its association withcervical cancer as a leading cause of death make it necessary to evaluate and improve the public knowledge,especially of university students, about this cause of disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study of knowledgeand attitude of a total 669 students from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences was therefore performed witha modified validated questionnaire, arranged into 5 parts and containing 55 questions, in July 2011. Questionswere directed to study socio-demographic characteristics of the participant, knowledge about HPV disease,transmission route, relationship with cervical cancer, predisposing factors, and participants attitude towardpeople with HPV infection. Results: All of the participants were Moslem with a mean age 25.6±5.33 years of age.All of the participants had heard of HPV, and acquired their knowledge through university courses (90.6%); themajority of them knew that HPV is a sexually transmitted disease and a potential cause for genital warts butgeneral knowledge about details was not high. Mean knowledge score of residents and post graduate midwiferyand nursing students was high as compared to other groups (P<0.001). Statements that indicated the presence offear to communicate with people suffering HPV and people’s avoidance to rely on babysitting of these patientswere observed. Educational level (β=0.21, P<0.001), age (β=0.18, P=0.002,) and smoking (β=-0.11, P=0.006) werepredicted to effect knowledge. Conclusions: Moderate level of knowledge about HPV among medical universitystudents makes it necessary to set effective national public health efforts on HPV education and preventionconsidering he excess of young population in Iran vulnerable to cervical cancer.
Human papilloma virus
Medicine
Knowledge
Prevention
2012
12
01
6115
6119
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27198_3f63d2a30fe42403b38fec6f5e01a6e0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Predictive Value of Xrcc1 Gene Polymorphisms for Side Effects in Patients undergoing Whole Breast Radiotherapy: a Metaanalysis
Radiation-induced side effects on normal tissue are determined largely by the capacity of cells to repairradiation-induced DNA damage. X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) plays an important role inthe repair of DNA single-strand breaks. Studies have shown conflicting results regarding the association betweenXRCC1 gene polymorphisms (Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, -77T>C and Arg280His) and radiation-induced side effectsin patients undergoing whole breast radiotherapy. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine thepredictive value of XRCC1 gene polymorphisms in this regard. Analysis of the 11 eligible studies comprising2,199 cases showed that carriers of the XRCC1 399 Gln allele had a higher risk of radiation-induced toxicity thanthose with the 399 ArgArg genotype in studies based on high-quality genotyping methods [Gln vs. ArgArg: OR,1.85; 95% CI, 1.20-2.86] or in studies with mixed treatment regimens of radiotherapy alone and in combinationwith chemotherapy [Gln vs. ArgArg: OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.09-2.23]. The XRCC1 Arg399Gln variant allele wasassociated with mixed acute and late adverse reactions when studies on late toxicity only were excluded [Gln allelevs. Arg allele: OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.00-1.49]. In contrast, the XRCC1 Arg280His variant allele was protectiveagainst radiation-induced toxicity in studies including patients treated by radiotherapy alone [His allele vs.Arg allele: OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.96]. Our results suggest that XRCC1 399Gln and XRCC1 280Arg may beindependent predictors of radiation-induced toxicity in post-surgical breast cancer patients, and the selectionof genotyping method is an important factor in determining risk factors. No evidence for any predictive valueof XRCC1 Arg194Trp and XRCC1 -77T>C was found. So, larger and well-designed studies might be requiredto further evaluate the predictive value of XRCC1 gene variation on radiation-induced side effects in patientsundergoing whole breast radiotherapy.
XRCC1
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
whole breast radiotherapy
Side effect
Meta-analysis
2012
12
01
6121
6128
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27199_4531ce6bbf6081af8a56aab8966ad351.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Simultaneous Modulated Accelerated Radiation Therapy and Concurrent Weekly Paclitaxel in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of simultaneous accelerated radiation therapy (SMART) andconcurrent weekly paclitaxel in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: Fortyonepatients with pathologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated by SMART with concurrentweekly paclitaxel. Daily fraction doses of 2.5 Gy and 2.0 Gy were prescribed to the gross tumor volume (GTV)and clinical target volume (CTV) to a total dose of 70 Gy and 56 Gy, respectively. Paclitaxel of 45 mg/m2 wasadministered concurrently with radiation therapy every week. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given four weeksafter the completion of the radiotherapy (RT) if the tumor demonstrated only a partial response (PR). Results:All patients completed the radiotherapy (RT) course. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 12 patientsdue to PR. The CR (complete remission) rate was 82.9% three months after RT. Thirty-nine (95.1%) patientscompleted the concurrent weekly chemotherapy with paclitaxel, and two patients skipped their sixth course.Seven patients had a 15% dosage reduction at the fifth and sixth course due to grade 3 mucositis. The medianfollow-up was 30 (range, 14-42) months. The three-year overall survival (OS), metastases-free survival (MFS),and local control rates were 77.0%, 64.4%, and 97.6%, respectively. No correlation between survival rate and Tor N stage was observed. Grade 3 acute mucositis and xerostomia were present in 17.1% and 7.1%, respectively.Conclusion: SMART with concurrent weekly paclitaxel is a potentially effective and toxicity tolerable approachin the treatment of locally advanced NPC.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
SMART
concurrent chemotherapy
Paclitaxel
2012
12
01
6129
6132
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27200_1282899ad791de37eaea538496f602df.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Neck Node Bolus Technique in the Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy
Purpose: To study the effect of bolus versus no bolus in the coverage of the nodal tumour volume withintensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods andMaterials: This retrospective study used data from 5 consecutive patients with NPC who were treated with bolusfor large neck nodes using IMRT from November 2011-January 2012 in our institute. All these patients weretreated radically with IMRT according to our institution’s protocol. Re-planning with IMRT without bolus forthese patients with exactly the same target volumes were done for comparison. Comparison of the plans was doneby comparing the V70 of PTV70-N, V66.5 of PTV70-N, V65.1 of PTV70-N and the surface dose of the PTV70-N.Results: The mean size of the largest diameter of the enlarged lymph nodes for the 5 patients was 3.9 cm. Themean distance of the GTV-N to the skin surface was 0.6 cm. The mean V70 of PTV70-N for the 5 patients showedan absolute advantage of 10.8% (92.4% vs. 81.6%) for the plan with bolus while the V66.5 of PTV70-N had anadvantage of 8.1% (97.0% vs. 88.9%). The mean V65.1 also had an advantage of 7.1% (97.6% vs. 90.5%). Themean surface dose for the PTV70-N was also much higher at 61.1 Gy for the plans with bolus compared to only23.5 Gy for the plans without bolus. Conclusion: Neck node bolus technique should be strongly considered inthe treatment of NPC with enlarged lymph nodes treated with IMRT. It yields a superior dosimetry comparedt o non-bolus plans with acceptable skin toxicity.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)
bolus
intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)
2012
12
01
6133
6137
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27201_d0121a0a07571946be45c5a4612edaf0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Expression and Clinical Significance of mTOR in Surgically Resected Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Tissues: a Case Control Study
Aims: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is master regulator of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway andplays an important role in NSCLCs. Here we characterized mRNA and protein expression levels of mTORand its functional associated molecules including PTEN, IGF-1R and 4EBP1 in surgically resected NSCLCs.Methods: Fifty-four patients with NSCLCs who underwent pulmonary resection were included in current study.mRNA levels of mTOR, PTEN, IGF-1R, and 4EBP1 were evaluated by RT-PCR and protein expression ofmTOR, PTEN, and IGF-1R by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Association of expression of the relevant moleculeswith clinical characteristics, as well as correlations between mTOR and PTEN, 4EBP1 and IGF-1R were alsoassessed. Results: The results of RT-PCR showed that in NSCLCs, the expression level of mTOR increased, whilePTEN, 4EBP1 and IGF-1R decreased. Statistical analysis indicated high IGF-1R expression was correlated withadvanced clinical stage (stage III) and PTEN expression was reversely associated with tumor size (P=0.16). Theresults of IHC showed mTOR positive staining in 51.8% of cases, while IGF-1R positive staining was found in83.3% and loss of PTEN in 46.3%. Protein expression of mTOR was correlated with its regulators, PTEN andIGF-1R, to some extent. Conclusions: Abnormal activation of mTOR signaling, high expression of IGF-1R, andloss of PTEN were observed in resected NSCLC specimens. The poor expression agreement of mTOR with itsregulators, PTEN, and IGF-1R, implied that combination strategy of mTOR inhibitors with other targets holdsignificant potential for NSCLC treatment.
NSCLC
mTOR
PTEN
IGF
1R
4EBP1
2012
12
01
6139
6144
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27202_5fd8510eda1c112d0ff0be6be97f9135.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Saliva Supernatant miR-21: a Novel Potential Biomarker for Esophageal Cancer Detection
Objective: To identify whether saliva supernatant miR-21 can serve as a novel potential biomarker in patientswith esophageal cancer (EC). Methods: 32 patients with EC and 16 healthy controls were recruited in this study.Total RNA was extracted from saliva supernatant samples for measurement of miR-21 levels using RT-qPCR andrelationships between miR-21 levels and clinical characteristics of EC patients were analyzed. Results: miR-21was significantly higher in the EC than control groups. The sensitivity and specificity were 84.4% and 62.5%respectively. Supernatant miR-21 levels showed no significant correlation with cancer stage, differentiation andnodal metastasis. Conclusions: Saliva supernatant miR-21 may be a novel biomarker for EC.
Esophageal Cancer
MicroRNA
Diagnosis
Biomarker
2012
12
01
6145
6149
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27203_8ee483b524de899dc160a7d1dc5b8cc8.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Is There an Association between Blood Group and Survival in Pancreatic Cancer?
Background: An association between the ABO groups and pancreatic cancer has been shown previously,group A being significantly commoner in affected patients. We conducted the present study to investigate theprognostic effect of ABO blood group on overall survival of pancreas cancer patients. Methods: Patients whowere diagnosed between 2005 and 2010 with pancreas cancer at Ankara Numune Education and ResearchHospital were analyzed retrospectively. Patient demographics and ABO blood groups were obtained from medicalcharts. Results: Fifty pancreas cancer patients with known ABO blood group were included, 26 (52%) groupA, 12 patients (24%) group 0, 9 (18%) group B, and 3 (6%) group AB. Blood group A pancreas cancer patientmedian age was 61.5 (39-80) years, with the median age of the other blood groups (B, AB,O) being 55.5 (32-74)years (p=0.14). 18% of patients with blood group A and11%of the other blood group patients had metastasis(p=0.17) at the time of diagnosis. The median overall survival of blood group A pancreas patients was significantlylower than the other blood group patients, 7.6 (95%CI: 5.0-10.2) months versus 29.0 (95%CI: 0.0-68.8) months(p=0.05). Conclusions: Acccording to previously published cohort studies a relation may exist between ABOblood groups and cancer of pancreas. In this study we observed that pancreas cancer patients with blood groupA have significantly worse overall survival than other blood groups.
Blood groups- pancreas cancer
survival
Turkey
2012
12
01
6151
6153
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27204_359c0b4a06430c0c7657f86e4b05e274.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Common Docking Domain Mutation E322K of the ERK2 Gene is Infrequent in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Background: Mutations in the MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) signaling pathway - EGFR/Ras/RAF/MEK have been associated with the development of several carcinomas. ERK2, a downstream target of theMAPK pathway and a founding member of the MAPK family is activated by cellular signals emanating at the cellmembrane. Activated ERK2 translocates into the nucleus to transactivate genes that promote cell proliferation.MKP - a dual specific phosphatase - interacts with activated ERK2 via the common docking (CD) domain of thelater to inactivate (dephosphorylate) and effectively terminate further cell proliferation. A constitutively activeform of ERK2 carrying a single point mutation – E322K in its CD domain, was earlier reported by our laboratory.In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of this CD domain E322K mutation in 88 well differentiatedOSCC tissue samples. Materials and Method: Genomic DNA specimens isolated from 88 oral squamous cellcarcinoma tissue samples were amplified with primers flanking the CD domain of the ERK2 gene. Subsequently,PCR amplicons were gel purified and subjected to direct sequencing to screen for mutations. Results: Directsequencing of eighty eight OSCC samples identified an E322K CD domain mutation in only one (1.1%) OSCCsample. Conclusions: Our result indicates that mutation in the CD domain of ERK2 is rare in OSCC patients,which suggests the role of genetic alterations in other mitogenic genes in the development of carcinoma in the restof the patients. Nevertheless, the finding is clinically significant, as the relatively rare prevalence of the E322Kmutation in OSCC suggests that ERK2, being a common end point signal in the multi-hierarchical mitogenactivated signaling pathway may be explored as a viable drug target in the treatment of OSCC.
oral squamous cell carcinoma
oral cancer
ERK2
ERK2 mutation
ERK2 mutation in oral cancer
2012
12
01
6155
6157
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27205_463acec5505b0fb73ac6b614c1c13193.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Breast Self-examination Practices and the Effect of a Planned Training Program in Western Turkey
This cross-sectional and descriptive study was aimed to evaluate women breast self-examination (BSE)practice and effects of a planned educational programme for breast cancer and BSE. The samples of the studyconsisted 266 women. The study data were collected by a questionnaire in six months periods as two times in amonth in which the periods were defined and announced to all women. After that all the women were informedabout BSE. The statue of performing BSE of women (n=146) was evaluated. They were interviewed on phoneafter 6 months. The collected data were analyzed by using statistical SPSS program. The average age of womenwas 35.68±7.54. It is also determined that (61.3%) had no knowledge about BSE, (87.6%) had examined clinicalbreast examination (CBE) in a year and half of them (50.8%) never practiced BSE, (29.0%) had BSE regularlyevery month. Concerning the status of BSE practice before the education and after the education significantdifference is found statistically (p<0.00). The significance of this study is that it is to give education about breastcancer and BSE for raising awareness among women.
Woman
breast cancer
Breast self-examination
Training
2012
12
01
6159
6161
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27206_1c976d1977ac4a6c7bff86663332cc14.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
A Comparison of the Cancer Incidence Rates between the National Cancer Registry and Insurance Claims Data in Korea
Although much health services research has been conducted using national health insurance claimsdata in Korea, the validity of this method has not been ascertained. The objective of this study was tovalidate the use of claims data for health services research by comparing incidence rate of cancers foundusing insurance claims data against rates of the national cancer registry of Korea. An algorithm to estimateincidence rates using claims data was developed and applied. The claims data from 2005-2008 were acquiredand the patients admitted to hospitals due to cancer in 2008 without admission to hospital from 2005-2007 by the same diagnosis code were regarded as incident cases. The acquired results were comparedwith the values from the National Cancer Registry of Korea. The incidence rate of all cancers found usingclaims data was 363.1 per 100,000 people, which is very similar to the 361.9 per 100,000 rate of the nationalcancer registry. Also the age-, gender- and disease-specific rates between the two data sources were similar.Therefore, national health insurance claims data may be a worthwhile resource for health services researchif appropriate algorithms are applied, especially considering the cost effectiveness of this method.
cancer
Incidence rate
national cancer registry- claims data
Korea
2012
12
01
6163
6168
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27207_00505cbed1ef3ee4d10366fda93a4b85.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Parental Knowledge and Attitudes about Human Papilloma Virus in Iran
Infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of common sexually transmitted diseases leading to cervicalcancer. Evaluation of parental knowledge and attitudes toward HPV were aims of present study to provide anappropriate method to decrease burden of this infection on society. During this study, 358 parents were assessedfor knowledge about HPV and its related disorders. Some 76% of parents had no information about HPVinfection and among the informed parents 36% had obtained their information via internet and others fromstudying medical resources. The average score of mothers information about HPV infection was higher thanthat of fathers, and also educational level and age had significant impact on knowledge of parents about HPV.Parent knowledge about the hazards of HPV was higher than their knowledge about modes of transmission.Lack of awareness about HPV infection was high in this study, underlining the urgency of education among alladult people in our society.
human papillomavirus
sexually transmitted diseases
parental knowledge
Iran
2012
12
01
6169
6173
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27208_e6e82fa5d46cbedb0d6daff617ffa97c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Prevalence and Co-infection of Intestinal Parasites among Thai Rural Residents at High-risk of Developing Cholangiocarcinoma: A Cross-sectional Study in a Prospective Cohort Study
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are still important to the health of Thai rural residents. IPIs are thecause of many chronic diseases with, for example, opisthorchiasis resulting in progression to cholangiocarcinoma(CCA). This cross-sectional study in a prospective cohort study aimed to examine the prevalence and co-infectionof intestinal parasites among Northeastern Thai rural residents, recruited into the Khon Kaen Cohort Study(KKCS), and who were residing in areas of high-risk for developing CCA. On recruitment, subjects had completedquestionnaires and provided fecal samples for IPI testing using the formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique.Data on selected general characteristics and the results of the fecal tests were analysed. IPI test results wereavailable for 18,900 of cohort subjects, and 38.50% were found to be positive for one or more types of intestinalparasite. The prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) infection was the highest (45.7%), followed byintestinal flukes (31.9%), intestinal nematodes (17.7%), intestinal protozoa (3.02%), and intestinal cestodes(1.69%). The pattern of different infections was similar in all age groups. According to a mapping analysis, ahigher CCA burden was correlated with a higher prevalence of O. viverrini and intestinal flukes and a greaterintensity of O. viverrini. Both prevention and control programs against liver fluke and other intestinal parasitesare needed and should be delivered simultaneously. We can anticipate that the design of future control andprevention programmes will accommodate a more community-orientated and participatory approach.
Prevalence
Co-infection
Intestinal Parasites
cholangiocarcinoma
Thailand
2012
12
01
6175
6179
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27209_ec289378a9437f9b75ec7048eaedeae5.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Validation of Three Breast Cancer Nomograms and a New Formula for Predicting Non-sentinel Lymph Node Status
Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the available breast nomograms (MSKCC, Stanford, Tenon)to predict non-sentinel lymph node metastasis (NSLNM) and to determine variables for NSLNM in SLN positivebreast cancer patients in our population. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 170 patientswho underwent completion axillary lymph node dissection between Jul 2008 and Aug 2010 in our hospital. Wevalidated three nomograms (MSKCC, Stanford, Tenon). The likelihood of having positive NSLNM based onvarious factors was evaluated by use of univariate analysis. Stepwise multivariate analysis was applied to estimatea predictive model for NSLNM. Four factors were found to contribute significantly to the logistic regressionmodel, allowing design of a new formula to predict non-sentinel lymph node metastasis. The AUCs of the ROCswere used to describe the performance of the diagnostic value of MSKCC, Stanford, Tenon nomograms and ournew nomogram. Results: After stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, multifocality, proportion of positiveSLN to total SLN, LVI, SLN extracapsular extention were found to be statistically significant. AUC results wereMSKCC: 0.713/Tenon: 0.671/Stanford: 0.534/DEU: 0.814. Conclusions: The MSKCC nomogram proved to bea good discriminator of NSLN metastasis in SLN positive BC patients for our population. Stanford and Tenonnomograms were not as predictive of NSLN metastasis. Our newly created formula was the best predictiontool for discriminate of NSLN metastasis in SLN positive BC patients for our population. We recommend thatnomograms be validated before use in specific populations, and more than one validated nomogram may beused together while consulting patients.
breast cancer
Sentinel Lymph Node
nomogram
Axillary Dissection
non sentinel lymph node metastasis
2012
12
01
6181
6185
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27210_d5007b40c620515266a7c0b3db3e68c7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Prediction Role of Seven SNPs of DNA Repair Genes for Survival of Gastric Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
We aimed to investigate DNA repair gene expression of response to chemotherapy among gastric patients,and roles in the prognosis of gastric cancer. A total of 209 gastric cancer patients were included in this studybetween January 2007 and December 2008, all treated with chemotherapy. Polymorphisms were detected by realtime PCR with TaqMan probes, and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. The overallresponse rate was 61.2%. The median progression and overall survivals were 8.5 and 18.7 months, respectively.A significant increased treatment response was found among patients with XPG C/T+T/T or XRCC1 399G/A+A/A genotypes, with the OR (95% CI) of 2.14 (1.15-4.01) and 1.75 (1.04-3.35) respectively. We found XPGC/T+T/T and XRCC1 399 G/A+A/A were associated with a longer survival among gastric cancer patientswhen compared with their wide type genotypes, with HRs and 95% CIs of 0.49 (0.27-0.89) and 0.56 (0.29-0.98)respectively. Selecting specific chemotherapy based on pretreatment genotyping may be an innovative strategyfor further studies.
DNA repair genes
SNPs
survival
Gastric cancer
Chemotherapy
2012
12
01
6187
6190
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27211_fd6e72e579bdbcdab7ad93a4aee3dee9.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Senescence as A Consequence of Ginsenoside Rg1 Response on K562 Human Leukemia Cell Line
Aims and Background: Traditional chemotherapy strategies for human leukemia commonly use drugs basedon cytotoxicity to eradicate cancer cells. One predicament is that substantial damage to normal tissues is likelyto occur in the course of standard treatments. Obviously, it is urgent to explore therapies that can effectivelyeliminate malignant cells without affecting normal cells. Our previous studies indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1),a major active pharmacological ingredient of ginseng, could delay normal hematopoietic stem cell senescence.However, whether Rg1 can induce cancer cell senescence is still unclear. Methods: In the current study, humanleukemia K562 cells were subjected to Rg1 exposure. The optimal drug concentration and duration with K562cells was obtained by MTT colorimetric test. Effects of Rg1 on cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry andby SA-β-Gal staining. Colony-forming ability was measured by colony-assay. Telomere lengths were assessedby Southern blotting and expression of senescence-associated proteins P21, P16 and RB by Western blotting.Ultrastructural morphology changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results: K562 cellsdemonstrated a maximum proliferation inhibition rate with an Rg1 concentration of 20 μ mol·L-1 for 48h, thecells exhibiting dramatic morphological alterations including an enlarged and flat cellular morphology, largermitochondria and increased number of lysosomes. Senescence associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activitywas increased. K562 cells also had decreased ability for colony formation, and shortened telomere length as wellas reduction of proliferating potential and arrestin G2/M phase after Rg1 interaction. The senescence associatedproteins P21, P16 and RB were significantly up-regulated. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg1 can induce a state ofsenescence in human leukemia K562 cells, which is associated with p21-Rb and p16-Rb pathways.
Ginsenoside Rg1
K562 cells
senescence
mechanisms
2012
12
01
6191
6196
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27212_f21d88953178d244b5ca3119a532125c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Down-regulation of EZH2 by RNA Interference Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion of ACHN Cells via the Wnt/β- catenin Pathway
Although enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been reported as an independent prognostic factor inrenal cell carcinoma (RCC), little is known about the exact mechanism of EZH2 in promoting the genesis ofRCC. However, several studies have shown that dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays acrucial role. Therefore, we determined whether EZH2 could affect ACHN human RCC cell proliferation andinvasion via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In the present study, we investigated the effects of short interferingRNA (siRNA)-mediated EZH2 gene silencing on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ACHN cells. EZH2-siRNA markedlyinhibited the proliferation and invasion capabilities of ACHN, while also reducing the expression of EZH2,Wnt3a and β-catenin. In contrast, cellular expression of GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β), an inhibitorof the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was conspicuously higher after transfection of EZH2 siRNA. These preliminaryfindings suggest EZH2 may promote proliferation and invasion of ACHN cells via action on the Wnt/β-cateninsignaling pathway.
EZH2
Invasion
Proliferation
renal cell carcinoma
RNA interference
Wnt/β-catenin signaling
2012
12
01
6197
6201
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27213_ca452161295d20d163048908e7f2a10e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Incidences of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 2-3 or Cancer Pathologic Diagnoses in Patients with a High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Pap Smear Attending a Colposcopy Clinic at Srinagarind Hospital
The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of women with high-grade squamous intraepitheliallesion (HSIL) smears who had undergone the “see and treat” approach compared to those who underwent aconventional approach. The records of women with HSIL smears undergoing colposcopy at Srinagarind Hospitalwere reviewed. In those undergoing the conventional approach, the final histological diagnosis was made on themost severe histological results obtained after initial colposcopy. In the “see and treat” group, the final histologicaldiagnosis was made on the examination of LEEP specimens obtained after initial colposcopy. Overtreatment inthe see and treat group was defined as the LEEP specimens containing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1or less. During the study period, 302 women with HSIL underwent colposcopy. Twenty (6.6%) were nulliparous.One hundred and ninety-four (64.2%) underwent conventional management while the remaining 108 (35.8%)received the see and treat management. The prevalence of underlying high-grade lesions in women undergoingthe conventional approach was significantly higher than that observed among women undergoing the see andtreat approach (89.2% and 47.2%, respectively, P<0.001). The overtreatment rate in the see and treat group was52.8%. Multivariate analysis revealed that only parity status was a statistically significant factor for predictingthe overtreatment after undergoing the see and treat approach. In conclusion, the overtreatment rate amongwomen undergoing see and treat in this study is notably high and therefore this approach should not be routinelypracticed.
Cervical lesion
See and treat
overtreatment
cervical cytology
2012
12
01
6203
6206
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27214_686057da94620b7a50d9c3ade3ea53cb.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Association Between the hsa-mir-27a Variant and Breast Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis
Introduction: Although a number of studies were published in the past several years on associations betweenhsa-mir-27a and cancer risk, the findings remain conflicting rather than conclusive. To derive a more precise effecton the association between SNP hsa-mir-27a rs895819 and breast cancer risk, we conducted a meta-analysis forthe first time. Materials and Methods: Through retrieval from PubMed for the period up to August 2012, a totalof four studies were identified with 3,287 cases and 4,298 controls for SNP hsa-mir-27a rs895819.We calculatedsummary odds ratio (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a fixed effects model (whenthe heterogeneity was absent, P>0.10). Otherwise, the random-effects model was used. Results: We found thathsa-mir-27a rs895819 polymorphism also did not reveal any relationship with breast cancer susceptibility (AGversus AA: OR = 0.98; 95%CI, 0.73-1.32; GG versus AA: OR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72-1.03; AG/GG versus AA:OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.74-1.14), while significantly decreased risk was found among Europeans in AG versus AAand AG/GG versus AA models tested (AG versus AA: OR = 0.83; 95%CI, 0.72-0.97; GG versus AA: OR = 0.86;95% CI, 0.71-1.05; AG/GG versus AA: OR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.94). Conclusion: These findings suggest thathsa-mir-27a rs895819 polymorphism may play an important role in breast cancer development.
breast cancer
Meta-analysis
gene polymorphism- ethnic groups
2012
12
01
6207
6210
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27215_404dd922efd05f0ecbf9d41fc1ed7128.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Autophagy Inhibition Promotes Gambogic Acid-induced Suppression of Growth and Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Cells
Objective: To investigate the effects of gambogic acid (GA) on the growth of human malignant glioma cells.Methods: U251MG and U87MG human glioma cell lines were treated with GA and growth and proliferationwere investigated by MTT and colony formation assays. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by annexin V FITC/PI flowcytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential assays and DAPI nuclear staining. Monodansylcadaverine (MDC)staining and GFP-LC3 localisation were used to detect autophagy. Western blotting was used to investigate themolecular changes that occurred in the course of GA treatment. Results: GA treatment significantly suppressedcell proliferation and colony formation, induced apoptosis in U251 and U87MG glioblastoma cells in a timeanddose-dependent manner. GA treatment also lead to the accumulation of monodansylcadaverine (MDC)in autophagic vacuoles, upregulated expressions of Atg5, Beclin 1 and LC3-II, and the increase of punctatefluorescent signals in glioblastoma cells pre-transfected with GFP-tagged LC3 plasmid. After the combinationtreatment of autophagy inhitors and GA, GA mediated growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death was furtherpotentiated. Conclusion: Our results suggested that autophagic responses play roles as a self-protective mechanismin GA-treated glioblastoma cells, and autophagy inhibition could be a novel adjunctive strategy for enhancingchemotherapeutic effect of GA as an anti-malignant glioma agent.
Gambogic acid
Glioblastoma Multiforme
Apoptosis
Autophagy
2012
12
01
6211
6216
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27216_d7bcba8ea712415da5a4fe544397b7de.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Association Between EGF, TGF-β1 and TNF-α Gene Polymorphisms and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Introduction: Up to present, EGF 61*A/G, TGF-β1 -509*T/C and TNF-α-308*A/G gene polymorphisms havebeen analysed in other cancer entities than hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We here investigated the frequencyof these gene polymorphisms among HCC patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 HCC patients and117 cancer-free healthy people were recruited at the Surgical Department of Zhongshan Hospital. GenomicDNA was isolated from peripheral blood and gene polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Results: Thedistribution of EGF 61*G/G homozygotes among HCC patients was more frequent than that in the control group(24.7% vs 11.1%, OR=2.618, 95%CI=1.195-5.738). In parallel, the frequency of the “G” allele in the HCC patientgroup was also higher than that in the control group (45.9% vs 33.3%, OR= 1.696, 95%CI=1.110-2.592). Nodifference could be found for the TGF-β1-509 and TNF-α-308 genotypes. Conclusion: EGF 61*G/G genotypeand G allele are significantly increased among patients with HCC. TGF-β1-509*T/C and TNF-α-308*A/G genepolymorphisms are not related to this cancer entity.
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Polymorphism
growth factor
EGF
2012
12
01
6217
6220
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27217_27ba00f31dbf2390097c5f6257586bc5.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Association of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 Expression and Clinicopathological Findings in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Background: To determine the frequency of HER-2 overexpression in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients,and to explore the relationship between clinicopathological prognostic factors and their effects on survival,based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Materials andMethods: The study included 80 patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of CRC that received adjuvantFOLFOX-4 chemotherapy at our department between March 2006 and September 2010. Patient data wereanalyzed retrospectively. Results: The median follow-up period and age of the patients were 24 months and59 years, respectively. In immunohistochemical staining, 3+ staining was found in 2 patients (2.5%) while 2+was in 13 (16%) . FISH for HER-2 was performed for all of these 15 patients; samples which were 3+ showedpositivity but the ones with 2+ were negative. There was no significant correlation between HER-2 expressionand age, gender, tumor localization, histological subtype, grade, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, orpTN stage (P>0.05), even when the patients with HER-2 overexpression were analyzed separately. There wasalso no significant relationship between progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and HER-2expression, gender, tumor localization, obstruction-perforation, bleeding, histological type, grade, lymphovascularand perineural invasion, or pT staging (P>0.05); however, there was a significant relationship between lymphnode involvement, and PFS and OS (P<0.05). Conclusions: Evaluation of HER-2 overexpression in a morecomprehensive, multi-center, prospective trial with standardized methods will be an appropriate approach.
adjuvant therapy
colorectal cancer
epidermal growth factor receptor
Her-2
2012
12
01
6221
6225
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27218_6a95784ab35d290218981d48088c8877.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Associations Between Three Polymorphisms in the Interleukin-4 Receptor Gene and Risk of Cancer: a Meta-analysis
Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are implicated in cancerdevelopment. However, results from the published reports have remained inconclusive. The objective of thisstudy was to conduct a meta-analysis investigating the association between polymorphisms in IL-4R gene andcancer risk. Pubmed, EMBASE and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for casecontrolstudies published up to October 30, 2012 that investigated IL-4R polymorphisms and cancer risk. Oddsratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the strength of any associations. ThreeIL-4R polymorphisms (Q576R, rs1801275; I75V, rs1805010; S503P, rs1805015) in 21 case-control studies wereanalyzed. Our meta-analysis indicated that these three polymorphisms are not associated with cancer risk whenall studies were pooled together. In the subgroup analysis by tumor site, the results showed that Q576R G allelecarriers were associated with a significantly decreased cervical cancer risk (recessive model: OR = 0.77, 95%CI= 0.60-0.98; homozygote comparison: OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.58-0.98). I75V G allele carriers were associatedwith a decreased risk of renal cancer (dominant model = 0.71, 95%CI = 0.57-0.89, heterozygote comparison:OR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.55-0.87). When stratified by ethnicity, Q576R G allele carriers were associated with adecreased cancer risk in Caucasians (dominant model: OR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.83-0.98; heterozygote comparison:OR = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.82-0.98). I75V G allele carriers were associated with a decreased cancer risk in Asians(heterozygote comparison: OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.62-0.94). S503P C allele carriers were also associated with adecreased cancer risk in Asians (CC VS TT: OR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.08-0.99). Our results suggest that Q576R,I75V and S503P may be associated with a decreased cancer risk for certain types of cancers and in some specificethnic groups. Future case-control studies with large sample size are needed to evaluate these associations indetail.
cancer
interleukin-4 receptor
polymorphisms
Meta-analysis
2012
12
01
6227
6232
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27219_eb3c40a3877e8552f47baeadb18ea16e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Ani-survivin DNAzymes Inhibit Cell Proliferation and Migration in Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7
Survivin, a new member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, both inhibits apoptosis andregulates the cell cycle. It is overexpressed in breast tumor tissues. In this study, we designed two survivinspecific DNAzymes (DRz1 and DRz2) targeting survivin mRNA. The results showed that DRz1 could decreasethe expression of survivin by nearly 60%. Furthermore, DRz1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, inducedapoptosis and inhibited migration in MCF-7 cells. In addition, down-regulation of survivin expression wasassociated with increased caspase-3 and -9 activities in MCF-7 cells after 24 h transfection. In our experiments,the efficacy of DRz1 to influence survivin levels and associated effects were better than DRz2. Survivin-DRz1might have anti-tumorigenic activity and may potentially provide the basis for a novel therapeutic interventionin breast cancer treatment.
DNAzymes
Proliferation
Apoptosis
Survivin
breast cancer
2012
12
01
6233
6237
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27220_7c59ddd09c15be9720bf1384c1607a54.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Lack of Increased P15INK4B Protein Expression in Basal Cell Carcinomas
Background: The basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSK). BCCmight develop because of the faulty cell cycle arrest. P15INK4b is a tumor suppressor gene, involved in cell cyclearrest and inactivated in most human cancers. The role of p15INK4b protein expression in the genesis of BCC is asyet unknown. In a previous study we showed the absence of p15INK4b expression in the majority of tissue microarraycores of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs), another type of non-melanoma skin cancer, indicating thatp15INK4b could possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous SCC. The aim of this study was to investigatep15INK4b protein expression in BCCs. Materials and Method: Protein expression of p15INK4b in 35 cases of BCCtissue arrays and 19 cases of normal human skin tissue was studied using an immunohistochemical approach.Results: The expression of p15INK4b was not significantly different in the BCC cases as compared with normalhuman skin (p=0.356; p>0.05). In addition, there were no significant relationship between clinicopathologicvariables of patients (age and sex) and p15INK4b protein expression. Conclusions: Our finding may indicate thatp15INK4b protein expression does not play a role in the genesis of BCC.
Basal cell carcinoma
p15INK4b
immunohistichemistry
2012
12
01
6239
6244
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27221_571bf44995247582040ce9ce017a8d8a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Estimation of Time Trends of Incidence of Prostate Cancer – an Indian Scenario
Background: With increase in life expectancy, adoption of newer lifestyles and screening using prostatespecific antigen (PSA), the incidence of prostate cancer is on rise. Globally prostate cancer is the second mostfrequently diagnosed cancer and sixth leading cause of cancer death in men. The present communication makesan attempt to analyze the time trends in incidence for different age groups of the Indian population reportedin different Indian registries using relative difference and regression approaches. Materials and Methods: Thedata published in Cancer Incidence in Five Continents for various Indian registries for different periods and/orpublications by the individual registries served as the source materials. Trends were estimated by computing themean annual percentage change (MAPC) in the incidence rates using the relative difference between two timeperiods (latest and oldest) and also by estimation of annual percentage change (EAPC) by the Poisson regressionmodel. Results: Age adjusted incidence rates (AAR) of prostate cancer for the period 2005-2008 ranged from 0.8(Manipur state excluding Imphal west) to 10.9 (Delhi) per 105 person-years. Age specific incidence rates (ASIR)increased in all PBCRs especially after 55 years showing a peak incidence at +65 years clearly indicating thatprostate cancer is a cancer of the elderly. MAPC in crude incidence rate(CR) ranged from 0.14 (Ahmedabad)to 8.6 (Chennai) . Chennai also recorded the highest MAPC of 5.66 in ASIR in the age group of 65+. Estimatedannual percentage change (EAPC) in the AAR ranged from 0.8 to 5.8 among the three registries. Increase intrend was seen in the 5-64 year age group cohort in many registries and in the 35-44 age group in Metropolitancities such as Delhi and Mumbai. Conclusions: Several Indian registries have revealed an increasing trend inthe incidence of prostate cancer and the mean annual percentage change has ranged from 0.14-8.6.
time trends
Incidence
Prostate Cancer
Indian cancer registries
2012
12
01
6245
6250
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27222_e792afd437cf564114ebb59649c9241e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Possible Risk Factors Associated with Radiation Proctitis or Radiation Cystitis in Patients with Cervical Carcinoma after Radiotherapy
Radiation proctitis and radiation cystitis are major complications for patients with cervical carcinomafollowing radiotherapy. In the present study, we aimed to determine the potential risk factors for the developmentof radiation proctitis and radiation cystitis after irradiation. A total of 1,518 patients with cervical carcinomareceived external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) followed by high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDRICB)in our hospital. The incidences of radiation proctitis and radiation cystitis were recorded and associations withdifferent factors (age, time period, tumor stage) were analyzed with c2 (chi-squared) and Fisher exact tests. Wefound that 161 and 94 patients with cervical carcinoma were diagnosed with radiation proctitis and radiationcystitis, respectively, following radiotherapy. The prevalence of Grade I-II radiation proctitis or radiation cystitiswas significantly lower than that of Grade III (radiation proctitis: 3.82% vs. 6.76%, P < 0.05; radiation cystitis:2.31% vs. 3.87%, P < 0.05) and was significantly enhanced in patients with late stage (IIIb) tumor progressioncompared to those in early stage (Ib, IIa) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of radiation proctitis and cystitiswas not correlated with age or, time period following radiation, for each patient (P > 0.05). These observationsindicate that a late stage of tumor progression is a potential risk factor for the incidence of radiation proctitisand cystitis in cervical carcinoma patients receiving radiotherapy.
cervical carcinoma
radiotherapy
radiation proctitis
radiation cystitis
risk factors
2012
12
01
6251
6255
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27223_a11bd4bd977600a65af4f35e9921b137.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Comparative Study on Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization, Portal Vein Embolization and High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Sequential Therapy for Patients
Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), combinedwith portal vein embolization (PVE), and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) sequential therapy in treatingpatients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Patients with inoperative HCC were treated by twomethods: in the study group with TACE first, then PVE a week later, and then TACE+PVE every two monthsas a cycle, after 2~3 cycles finally HIFU was given; in the control group only TACE+PVE was given. Response(CR+PR), and disease control rate (CR+PR+SD), side effects, overall survival and time to progress were calculated.Results: Main side effects of both groups were nausea and vomiting. No treatment related death occurred. In thestudy group, 32 patients received TACE for overall 67 times, PVE 64 times, and HIFU 99 times; on average 2.1,2 and 3.1 times for each patient, respectively. In the control group, 36 patients were given TACE 78 times andPVE 74 times, averaging 2.2 and 2.1 times per patient. Effective rate: 25.0% in study group and 8.3% in controlgroup (p>0.05). Disease control rates were 71.9% and 44.4%, respectively (p<0.05). In patients with portal veintumor thrombus, the rate reduced over 1/2 after treatment was 69.2%(9/13) in the study and 21.4%(3/14) in thecontrol group (p<0.05). Rate of AFP reversion or decrease over 1/2 was 66.7%(16/24) in study and 37%(10/27)(p<0.05) in control group. Median survival time: 16 months in study and 10 months in control group. PFS was7months in study and 3 months in control group. Log-rank test suggested that statistically significant differenceexists between two groups (p=0.024). 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 56.3%, 18.8% and 9.3% in study, while30.6%, 5.6% and 0 in control group, respectively, with statistically significant difference between two groups (byLog-rank, p = 0.014). Conclusions: The treatment of TACE+PVE+HIFU sequential therapy for HCC increasesresponse rate, prolong survival, and could thus be a safe and effective treatment for advanced cases.
HCC
transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
portal vein embolization
high intensity focused ultrasound
2012
12
01
6257
6261
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27224_a1fc91d9506252f13f1d57f3fae57a21.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
GSTM1 and GSTT1 Allele Frequencies among Various Indian and non-Indian Ethnic Groups
Background: Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is an important phase II xenobiotic compound metabolizingenzyme family, involved in tolerance to a particular drug or susceptibility to a diseasec. This study focusedthe GSTM1 and T1 null allele frequency in the Gujarat population with a comparison across other Inter- andIntra-Indian ethnic groups to predict variation in the possible susceptible status. Methods: DNA was isolatedby a salting out method and GSTM1 and T1 homozygous null genotypes were detected by multiplex polymerasechain reaction in 504 unrelated individuals. The genotype distribution of null alleles was compared with Indianand non Indian ethnics reported earlier in the literature using Fisher’s test. Results: The frequencies of thehomozygous null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were 20% (95%CI 16.7-23.9) and 35.5% (95%CI 31.4-39.9)respectively. GSTM1 null frequency did not deviate from most other Indian ethnic groups but differed fromthe majority of those of non Indian ethnicity studied. The frequency of homozygous null type of GSTT1 wassignificantly higher and deviated from all Indian groups and a few of non Indian ethnicity. Conclusions: Gujaratethnicity, possibly the most susceptible for GSTT1 dependent drug disposition and diseases regarding effectsof pollution. Further, the results have implications for GSTT1 dependent drugs used for treatment, a seriousproblem which needs to be solved by physicians and clinical researchers.
ethnic variation
GST null genotypes
homozygosity
disease susceptibility
xenobiotics
2012
12
01
6263
6267
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27225_7067dd71e0d2c185a210edae81c70df4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
SNPs of Excision Repair Cross Complementing Group 5 and Gastric Cancer Risk in Chinese Populations
We conducted a case-control study to determine the association between several potential SNPs of excisionrepair cross complementing group 5 (XPG) and gastric cancer susceptibility, and roles of XPG polymorphismsin combination with H.pylori infection in determining risk of gastric cancer. In our study, we collected 337 newlydiagnosed gastric cancer cases and 347 health controls. Three SNPs of XPG, rs2296147T>C, rs2094258C>Tand rs873601G>A, were genotyped using the Taqman real-time PCR method with a 7900 HT sequence detectorsystem. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by ELISA. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the rs2296147CC genotype was associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.27-0.97), and rs2094258TT was associated with elevated risk (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.22-3.35). Positive H.pylori individuals with rs2094258TT genotypes demonstrated increased risk of gastric cancer (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.22-3.35), while rs2296147 CCwas associated with lower risk among patients with negative H.pylori (OR=0.45, 95%CI=0.22-0.89). Our findingssuggested that XPG polymorphisms might contribute to risk of gastric cancer among Chinese populations, butthe effect needs to be further validated by larger sample size studies.
XPG
SNP
Gastric cancer
H.pylori
Chinese populations
2012
12
01
6269
6272
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27226_330c7e76c54cc318827b9aa4a076c7c0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Association of Six Susceptibility Loci with Prostate Cancer in Northern Chinese Men
Background/Aim: Six prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility loci were identified in a genome-wide associationstudy (GWAS) in populations of European decent. However, the associations of these 6 single-nucleotidepolymorphisms (SNPs) with PCa has remained tobe clarified in men in Northern China. This study aimedto explore the loci associated with PCa risk in a Northern Chinese population. Methods: Blood samples andclinical information of 289 PCa patients and 288 controls from Beijing and Tianjin were collected. All risk SNPswere genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-high resolution melting curve technology and genesequencing. Associations between PCa and clinical covariates (age at diagnosis, prostate-specific antigen [PSA],Gleason score, tumor stage, and level of aggressiveness) and frequencies of alleles and genotypes of these SNPswere analyzed using genetic statistics. Results: Among the candidate SNPs, 11p15 (rs7127900, A) was associatedwith PCa risk (P = 0.02, odds ratio [OR] = 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–2.46). Genotypes showeddifferences between cases and controls on 11p15 (rs7127900, A), 11q13 (rs7931342, T), and HNF1B (rs4430796,A) (P = 0.03, P = 0.01, and P = 0.04, respectively). The genotype TG on 11q13 (rs7931342, T) was positivelyassociated with an increased Gleason score (P = 0.04, OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.02–4.55). Patients carrying TG on17q24 (rs1859962, G) were negatively associated with an increased body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.03, OR = 0.44,95% CI = 0.21–0.92) while those with AG on HNF1B (rs4430796, A) were more likely to have PSA increase (P= 0.002). Conclusion: Our study suggests that 11p15 (rs7127900, A) could be a susceptibility locus associatedwith PCa in Northern Chinese. Genotype TG on 11q13 (rs7931342, T) could be related to an increased Gleasonscore, AG on HNF1B (rs4430796, A) could be associated with PSA increase, and TG on 17q24 (rs1859962, G)could be negatively associated with an increased BMI in Chinese men with PCa.
association
susceptibility loci
Prostate Cancer
Northern Chinese
2012
12
01
6273
6276
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27227_96570e77db6cd0f0715d6484080210ff.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
A 10-year Study of Esophageal Cancer in Guilan Province, Iran: The Guilan Cancer Registry Study (GCRS)
Background: Northern Iran counts as one of the highest prevalence regions for esophageal cancer (EC)worldwide. This study was designed to assess the epidemiologic aspects of EC in north central and northwestIran over a 10 year period. Materials and Methods: The Guilan cancer registry study (GCRS) is a populationbasedcancer registry study featuring retrospective (1996-2003) and prospective (2004-2005) phases. A detailedquestionnaire based on WHO standards for cancer registratration was applied to gather the required information.Two trained physicians coded information using ICD-O-3 in close coordination with an expert pathologist. Results:A total of 19,936 cases of malignancy (mean age 55.4±18.0 years, range: 1-98 years) were registered, including1,147 cases (670 males, 447 female; mean age: 64.0±11.5 years) of EC. In 1996 the male/female ratio amongpatients with EC was 1.25 which increased to 1.53 in 2005. The lower third of the esophagus still remained themost common site of tumors. The average age-standardized rate (ASR) was 6.9 and 4.1 per 105 men and women,respectively. In 1996, the ASRs were 7.2 and 5.2 per 105 men and women which decreased to 6.9 and 4.1 per 105 in2004-2005. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most prevalent histological subtype of EC accounting over80% of cases. Conclusions: However the prevalence of adenocarcinoma (ADC) showed an increase to 18.4%.Guilan province may be considered a relatively low incidence region for EC.
Esophageal Cancer
cancer registry study (GCRS)
Guilan
Iran
2012
12
01
6277
6283
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27228_55ed70630fa329659f7eba317c9a4288.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Does the Increasing Trend of Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Jeddah Reflect a Rise in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia?
Background: The aim of this study was to outline the trend in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) inthe city of Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), for comparison with previously published national CRCdata. Materials and Methods: A retrospective data analysis was performed on all cases of CRC diagnosedbetween January 2000 and December 2006 amongst Saudi patients in Jeddah using data retrieved from theSaudi Cancer Registry (SCR). Descriptive analysis was performed and results were compared to national CRCdata from the SCR. Results: In Jeddah, 644 cases of CRC were diagnosed during the time period, accountingfor 15% of all CRC cases in KSA. Males were more commonly affected than females (58% versus 42%). Themale preponderance of CRC was similar to that observed at a national level. In Jeddah, the incidence was higheramong those >45 years (77.0%), and the mean age at diagnosis was 57 years. At diagnosis, 10% of patientspresented with localized disease; 25% presented with distant metastasis and the remaining patients had variousstages of regional extension. Adenocarcinomas accounted for 72% of cases. Statistical analysis did not revealany clinically significant differences between cases diagnosed in Jeddah and those diagnosed throughout KSA.Conclusions: The increased trend in the incidence of CRC in Jeddah between 2000 and 2006 mirrors the recenttrend in KSA. This highlights the magnitude of this healthcare hazard, not only in Jeddah, but also across thecountry and supports the need for preventive measures and early detection of the disease.
colorectal cancer
Epidemiology
Incidence
Jedda
Saudi Arabia
2012
12
01
6285
6288
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27229_41f782d0fd772d9a5cdcc4184b87d6cf.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Quality of Life of Multiethnic Adolescents Living with a Parent with Cancer
Background: Research evidence suggests a debilitating impact of the diagnosis of cancer on the quality of lifeof the afflicted individuals, their spouses and their families. However, relatively few studies have been carried outon the impact on the QOL of adolescents living with parents diagnosed with cancer. This paper presents a subanalysison the impact of parental cancer (colorectal, breast and lung) on adolescents. Materials and Methods:This is a cross-sectional study on adolescents aged 13-18 years old. Upon ethical clearance obtained from UMMCMedical Ethics Committee, patients with colorectal, breast or lung cancer and their adolescent children wererecruited from the Clinical Oncology Unit of University of Malaya Medical Centre. Respondents who gaveconsent completed a demographic questionnaire and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, via the post, email,home visit or meetings at the clinics. Results: 95 adolescents from 50 families responded, giving a response rateof 88 percent. The adolescent’s mean age was 16 years (ranging between 13-18 years). Adolescents with parentalcancer had the lowest mean score in emotional functioning (p<0.05). Male adolescents had significantly higherquality of life overall and in physical functioning compared to female adolescents. Adolescents with a fatherwith cancer had better school functioning compared to adolescents whose mothers had cancer. Families withhousehold income of RM 5000 and above have significantly better quality of life compared to families withlower household income. Conclusions: Adolescent sons and daughters of parents with a cancer diagnosis showlowered QOL, particularly with reference to emotional functioning and school performance. Addressing theneeds of this young group has been slow and warrants special attention. Revisiting the risk and resilience factorsof adolescents might also inform tailored programs to address the needs of this neglected adolescent population.
Adolescent
Quality of Life
parental cancer
mother
father
colorectal
breast and lung
2012
12
01
6289
6294
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27230_10ee0fbdfda6b313d6b4f9c74cccb478.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Interactions between Oxidative Stress, Lipid Profile and Antioxidants in Breast Cancer: A Case Control Study
Oxidant/antioxidant balance has been suggested as an important factor for initiation and progression of cancer.The objective of this study was to determine changes in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO),total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in serum samples of breast cancer patients(n=30) and healthy subjects (n=100). MDA and NO levels were found to be increased in breast cancer patientscompared to the healthy subject group (p<0.05). Total cholesterol and triglycerides were elevated; and HDLcholesterollevel was found to be decreased in the cancer patients as compared to the healthy subjects (p<0.05).Compared to the healthy group, both serum TAC levels (p<0.001) and activity of SOD and GSH-Px (p=0.05) werefound to be decreased in the breast cancer patients as compared to the healthy controls. Considering the datapresented in this study, we suggest that free radicals induce lipid eroxidation and peroxidation of unsaturatedfatty acid with decreased activity of enzymatic antioxidants in breast cancer.
breast cancer
oxidative stress
Lipid peroxidation
lipid profile
antioxidants
2012
12
01
6295
6298
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27231_096a6a9979d1eeb9b79b3586fa38d67f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Prostate Cancer Risk in Relation to a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-3 (IGFBP3) Gene: a Meta-analysis
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) has been identified as a putative tumor suppressorwith multifunctional roles in the IGF axis. Recently, there have been a growing body of studies investigating therelation between the IGFBP3 A-202C polymorphism, circulating IGFBP3 and prostate cancer risk, but theiroutcomes varied leading to controversy. Hence, it is necessary to perform a meta-analysis covering all eligiblestudies to shed a light on the association of IGFBP3 A-202C and cancer risk. Finally, we included a total of 11relevant articles between 2003 and 2010 covering 14 case-control studies including 9,238 cases and 8,741 controlsfor our analysis. Our results showed that A-202C was a marginal risk factor of prostate cancer (allele contrast:OR=1.08, 95% CI :1.01-1.16; dominant model: OR=1.11, 95% CI :1.01-1.22; heterozygote codominant model:OR=1.11, 95% CI :1.03-1.18; homozygote contrast: OR=1.19, 95% CI :1.03-1.37). Stratification analysis revealedthat sample size and control source were two major heterogeneous meta-factors especially in the recessive model(source: Population-based control group :p=0.30,I2=16.7%, Hospital-based control group: p=0.20, I2=30.3%;sample size: Small: p=0.22,I2= 32.8%, Medium: p=0.09,I2= 48%, Large p=0.60,I2=0.0%); However, contraryto previous findings, no significance was found in racial subgroups. No significant publication bias was foundin our analysis. Considering the robustness of the results and the discrepancy among some studies, there mightbe some unsolved confounding factors, and further more critical large studies are needed for confirmation.
IGFBP3
Prostate Cancer
Polymorphism
Meta-analysis
2012
12
01
6299
6303
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27232_0b5385f898f5664f28001ceffc7d7bf9.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Helicobacter Pylori CagA and Gastric Carcinogenesis
Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate the tyrosine phosphorylation motif (TPM) and 3’ regionstructure of the Helicobacter pylori CagA gene as well as its SHP-2 binding activity in AGS cells and relation togastric carcinogenesis. Methods: Sixteen clinical isolate H. pylori strains from eight duodenal ulcer and eightgastric adenocarcinoma patients were studied for CagA repeat sequence EPIYA motifs, C-terminal structure,and western blot analysis of CagA protein expression, translocation, and SHP-2 binding in AGS cells. Results:Except for strain 547, all strains from the gastric adenocarcinoma patients were positive for CagA by PCRand had three EPIYA copy motifs. Western blotting showed that all strains were positive for CagA proteinexpression (100%), CagA protein translocation (100%), and SHP-2 binding (100%). CagA protein expressionwas significantly higher in the gastric adenocarcinoma patients than in the duodenal ulcer patients (P=0.0023).CagA protein translocation and SHP-2 binding in the gastric adenocarcinoma patients were higher than those inthe duodenal ulcer patients, but no significant differences were found between the two groups (P=0.59, P=0.21,respectively). Conclusions: The TPMs and 3’ region structures of the H. pylori CagA gene in the duodenal ulcerand gastric adenocarcinoma patients have no significant differences.
Helicobacter pylori
cagA
phosphorylation motif
SHP-2
2012
12
01
6305
6310
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27234_fa967d1d38331480daf3470c57099e56.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Impact of HER2 and PTEN Simultaneous Deregulation in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Correlation with Biological Behavior
Background: HER2/neu overexpression due to gene amplification is an important factor in breast cancer,modifying the sensitivity to anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody therapy. The clinical significance of HER2 expressionin non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is currently under evaluation. The tumor suppressor gene PTENnegatively regulates the HER2/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. The purpose of this study was to evaluate therole of simultaneous alteration in HER2 and PTEN protein expression in relation to biological behaviour ofNSCLCs. Materials and Methods: Protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in sixty-one(n=61) NSCLC cases along with CISH for HER2 gene analysis and detection of chromosome 17 aneuploidy.Patients were followed-up for a period of 34 to 41 months after surgery. Results: HER2 overexpression (2+/3+score) was detected in 17 (27.9%) patients while loss of PTEN expression was observed in 24 (39.3%) cases,low expression in 29 (47.6%) and overexpression in 8 (13.1%). Simultaneous HER2 overexpression and PTENlow/loss of expression were correlated with metastasis (71.4% vs 36.2% p=0.03). Analysis in the subgroup of22 patients of pTNM stage III with lymph node status N1 or N2 revealed that there was a relationship betweenthe number of positive regional lymph node groups and simultaneous deregulation of the two genes (p=0.04).Multivariate analysis determined that HER2 overexpression was associated with an increasing risk of developingmetastases (OR: 4.3; 95%CI: 1.2-15.9; p: 0.03) while PTEN overexpression was associated with lower risk (OR:0.1; 95%CI: 0.1, 1.0; p: 0.05). Conclusions: Simultaneous HER2/PTEN deregulation is a significant genetic eventthat leads to a more aggressive phenotype of NSCLC.
Her2/neu
PTEN
Non-small cell lung carcinoma
Gene
2012
12
01
6311
6318
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27233_a4887a2a815689e9e918f4d76afd3881.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Microarray and Quantitative PCR Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles in Response to Treatment with Tomato Leaf Extract in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
We previously found cytotoxic effects of tomato leaf extract (TLE) on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Theaim of this study was to ascertain the molecular mechanisms associated with the usage of TLE as an anticanceragent by microarray analysis using mRNA from MCF-7 breast cancer cells after treatment with TLE for 1 hrand 48 hrs. Approximately 991 genes out of the 30,000 genes in the human genome were significantly (p<0.05)changed after the treatment. Within this gene set, 88 were significantly changed between the TLE treated cellsand the untreated MCF-7 cells (control cells) with a cut-off fold change >2.00. In order to focus on genes thatwere involved in cancer cell growth, only twenty-nine genes were selected, either down-regulated or up-regulatedafter treatment with TLE. Microarray assay results were confirmed by analyzing 10 of the most up and downregulated genes related to cancer cells progression using real-time PCR. Treatment with TLE induced significantup-regulation in the expression of the CRYAB, PIM1, BTG1, CYR61, HIF1-α and CEBP-β genes after 1 hr and48 hrs, whereas the TXNIP and THBS1 genes were up-regulated after 1 hr of treatment but down-regulatedafter 48 hrs. In addition both the HMG1L1 and HIST2H3D genes were down-regulated after 1 hr and 48 hrs oftreatment. These results demonstrate the potent activity of TLE as an anticancer agent.
cancer
Cytotoxic
MCF-7
Microarray
Real-Time PCR
transcriptomics
tomato leaves
2012
12
01
6319
6325
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27262_f3784e83b445ff58b14db62fafba0f89.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Inhibition of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis by the Combination of β-carotene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Human Esophageal Cancer EC9706 Cells
Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor occurring in human esophageal epithelial tissue. Theprimary purpose of this paper was to define the effects of β-carotene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, alone and incombination, on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human esophageal cancer EC9706 cells. Treatmentwith different concentrations of β-carotene and/or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. MTT assay showed that β-caroteneand 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 significantly inhibited proliferation of EC9706 cells in a dose- and time-dependentmanner. Further studies also demonstrated that β-carotene alone or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 alone caused amarked increase on the induction of apoptosis in EC9706 cells. The percentage of G0/G1-phase cells significantlyincreased on addition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 alone, but there were no significant changes with β-carotenealone. These two agents in combination synergistically inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis. Therefore,our results indicate that β-carotene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in combination may provide a novel strategyfor preventing and treating esophageal cancer.
β-carotene - 1
25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 - proliferation - apoptosis - esophageal cancer cells
2012
12
01
6327
6332
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27235_c5600b05bdeebb38b55391d598b8f8ff.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Pattern and Trends of Cancer in Odisha, India: A Retrospective Study
The burden of cancer is growing globally and is one of the top leading causes of death. Information on cancerpatterns are essential for effective planning of cancer control interventions. There is limited published informationavailable on pattern of cancer for the state of Odisha, India. The present study was an attempt to explore thepattern and trend of cancer in Odisha. To fulfill the objectives retrospective data available from 2001-2011 atAcharya Harihar Regional Cancer Center (AHRCC), Cuttack, Odisha, were analyzed. Medical records ofcancer patients were reviewed and relevant information on diagnosis, primary site and demographic data wereretrieved. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc.). A total of 74,861 cancer inpatients wereregistered at AHRCC for the years 2001-2011. The proportion of females outnumbered males with female:maleratio 1.1:1. The number of female cases increased four folds and that of males three fold over the period studied.Malignancies such as oral cancer (16.93%), acute lymphocytic leukemia/non Hodgkins lymphoma (14.09%) andcancer of gastrointestinal tract (21.07%) are leading cancers among males and carcinomas of breast (28.94%),cervix (23.66%) and ovary (16.11%) were leading among females. Findings from this study indicate an overallincrease in cancer reporting which could be regarded as proxy measure for overall cancer situation in Odisha.There is scope and need for integrating other government hospitals, existing private health service providersand research institutions across the state for better planning of cancer control program.
Malignancies - Odisha
India - breast cancer - oral cancer - cervical cancer - ALL/NHL
2012
12
01
6333
6336
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27236_e9ce73135f30fd72f5566d3805ea251b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Barriers to Participation in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Qigong ExercisesAmongst Cancer Survivors: Lessons Learnt
Background: Clinical trials on cancer subjects have one of the highest dropout rates. Barriers to recruitmentrange from patient-related, through institutional-related to staff-related factors. This paper highlights the lowresponse rate and the recruitment barriers faced in our Qigong exercises trial. Materials and Method: The Qigongtrial is a three-arm trial with a priori power size of 114 patients for 80% power. The University Malaya MedicalCentre database showed a total of 1,933 patients from 2006-2010 and 751 patients met our inclusion criteria.These patients were approached via telephone interview. 131 out of 197 patients attended the trial and the finalresponse rate was 48% (n=95/197). Results: Multiple barriers were identified, and were regrouped as patientrelated,clinician-related and/or institutional related. A major consistent barrier was logistic difficulty relatedto transportation and car parking at the Medical Centre. Conclusions: All clinical trials must pay considerableattention to the recruitment process and it should even be piloted to identify potential barriers and facilitatorsto reduce attrition rate in trials.
Randomized controlled trials
Barriers
retention
recruitment exercise
qigong
complex interventions
2012
12
01
6337
6342
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27237_c8a86a80fbec42a3b9a32220df3e2e08.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
The NQO1 rs1800566 Polymorphism and Risk of Bladder Cancer: Evidence from 6,169 Subjects
Objective: The NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) rs1800566 polymorphism, leading to prolinetoserineamino-acid and enzyme activity changes, has been implicated in bladder cancer risk, but individuallypublished studies showed inconsistent results. We therefore here conducted a meta-analysis to summarize thepossible association. Methods: A systematic literature search up to August 27, 2012 was carried out in PubMed,EMBASE and Wanfang databases, and the references of retrieved articles were screened. Crude odds ratios (ORs)with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed for homozygote contrast (TT vs. CC), additive model (T vs.C), dominant model (TT+CT vs. CC), and recessive model (TT vs. CC+CT) to assess the association using fixedorrandom-effect models. Results: We identified 12 case-control studies including 3,041 cases and 3,128 controlsfor the present meta-analysis. Significant association between NQO1 rs1800566 genetic polymorphism and riskof bladder cancer was observed in the additive model (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.01-1.30, p = 0.030). Moreover, inthe subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, significant associations were observed in Asians (OR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.08–1.47, p = 0.003 for T vs. C; OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.21-2.32, p = 0.002 for TT vs. CC; OR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.13-1.98, p = 0.005 for TT vs. CT+CC) but not in Caucasians. Conclusions: The results suggest that NQO1rs1800566 genetic polymorphism may contribute to bladder cancer development, especially in Asians.
NQO1
Polymorphism
bladder cancer
Meta-analysis
2012
12
01
6343
6348
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27238_da4b6423fc63d9b9f0f0b1999d1dac3f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Hath1 Inhibits Proliferation of Colon Cancer Cells Probably Through Up-regulating Expression of Muc2 and p27 and Down-regulating Expression of Cyclin D1
Previous studies showed that Math1 homologous to human Hath1 can cause mouse goblet cells to differentiate.In this context it is important that the majority of colon cancers have few goblet cells. In the present study, thepotential role of Hath1 in colon carcinogenesis was investigated. Sections of paraffin-embedded tissues were usedto investigate the goblet cell population of normal colon mucosa, mucosa adjacent colon cancer and colon cancersamples from 48 patients. Hath1 and Muc2 expression in these samples were tested by immunohistochemistry,quantitative real-time reverse transcription -PCR and Western blotting. After the recombinant plasmid,pcDNA3.1(+)-Hath1 had been transfected into HT29 colon cancer cells, three clones were selected randomly totest the levels of Hath1 mRNA, Muc2 mRNA, Hath1, Muc2, cyclin D1 and p27 by quantitative real-time reversetranscription-PCR and Western blotting. Moreover, the proliferative ability of HT29 cells introduced with Hath1was assessed by means of colony formation assay and xenografting. Expression of Hath1, Muc2, cyclin D1 andp27 in the xenograft tumors was also detected by Western blotting. No goblet cells were to be found in coloncancer and levels of Hath1 mRNA and Hath1, Muc2 mRNA and Muc2 were significantly down-regulated. Hath1could decrease cyclin D1, increase p27 and Muc2 in HT29 cells and inhibit their proliferation. Hath1 may be ananti-oncogene in colon carcinogenesis.
Hath1
colon carcinoma
etiology
colon carcinoma cell line
cell cycle regulation
2012
12
01
6349
6355
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26705_94cbaad72b3b985a4f5b94319bf58a8a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Mammalian Targetof Rapamycin Phosphorylation (p-mTOR) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary
Background: To determine the prevalence of mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation (p-mTOR)and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and any correlation with clinical characteristics and prognosisin ovarian clear cell carcinoma patients. Materials and Method: Seventy four paraffin-embedded specimens ofsuch carcinomas frompatients who underwent surgery, received adjuvant chemotherapy and were followed upat King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital during January 2002 to December 2008 were stained with rabbitmonoclonal IgG p-mTOR and rabbit polyclonal IgG VEGF using immunohistochemical methods. Medicalrecords were reviewed and clinical variables were analysed. Results: The prevalence of positive p-mTOR inovarian clear cell carcinoma was 87.9% and significantly higher in advance-stage than early-stage patients(100% versus 83.6%, P<0.05). Two-year disease free survival and 2-year overall survival in patients withpositive p-mTOR expression were 60% and 69.2% with no differences from patients with negative p-mTORexpression (p>0.05). The prevalence of VEGF expression was 63.5% and significantly higher in chemo-sensitivethan chemo-resistant patients (70.7% versus 37.5%, P<0.05). Two-year disease free survival and 2-year overallsurvival in patients with VEGF expression were 72.3% and 83% respectively which were significantly differentfrom patients with negative VEGF expression (p<0.05 ). Conclusions: p-mTOR expression in ovarian clear cellcarcinoma was significantly correlated with the stage of disease. VEGF expression was significantly correlatedwith chemosensitivity, and survival. Further studies of related targeted therapy might be promising.
p-mTOR
VEGF
ovarian clear cell carcinoma
immunohistochemistry
2012
12
01
6357
6362
https://journal.waocp.org/article_26706_e1b12b430a721f0728140c52b615ef08.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Preparation of Microspheres Encapsulating a Recombinant TIMP-1 Adenovirus and their Inhibition of Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Objective: The study aim was to prepare poly-DL-lactide-poly (PELA) microspheres encapsulatingrecombinant tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in an adenovirus to investigate its inhibition on theproliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2. Methods: Microspheres were prepared by encapsulatingthe recombinant TIMP-1 adenovirus into biodegradable PELA. The particle size, viral load, encapsulationefficiency and in-vitro release were measured. Microspheres were used to infect HepG2 cells, then infectionefficiency was examined under a fluorescent microscope and ultrastructural changes assessed by TEM. Expressionof TIMP-1 mRNA in HepG2 cells was examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and proliferation by MTT andcell growth curve assays. Results: We successfully prepared microspheres encapsulating recombinant TIMP-1adenovirus with a diameter of 1.965μm, an encapsulation efficiency of 60.0%, a viral load of 10.5×108/mg andapproximate 60% of virus release within 120 h, the total releasing time of which was longer than 240 h. Themicrospheres were confirmed to be non-toxic with blank microspheres. Infected HepG2 cells could stably maintainin-vitro expression of TIMP-1, with significantly effects on biological behaviour Conclusion: PELA microspheresencapsulating a recombinant TIMP-1 adenovirus can markedly inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells, whichprovides an experimental basis for polymer/chemistry-based gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinomas.
HCC cells
tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase
Adenovirus
Microsphere
Gene Therapy
2012
12
01
6363
6368
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27239_d0bd4c57f9088dd1d8692392af345eb3.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Vitexicarpin Induces Apoptosis in Human Prostate Carcinoma PC-3 Cells through G2/M Phase Arrest
Vitexicarpin (3’, 5-dihydroxy-3, 4’, 6, 7-tetramethoxyflavone), a polymethoxyflavone isolated from ViticisFructus (Vitex rotundifolia Linne fil.), has long been used as an anti-inflammatory herb in traditional Chinesemedicine. It has also been reported that vitexicarpin can inhibit the growth of various cancer cells. However,there is no report elucidating its effect on human prostate carcinoma cells. The aim of the present study was toexamine the apoptotic induction activity of vitexicarpin on PC-3 cells and molecular mechanisms involved. MTTstudies showed that vitexicarpin dose-dependently inhibited growth of PC-3 cells with an IC50~28.8 μM. Hoechst33258 staining further revealed that vitexicarpin induced apoptotic cell death. The effect of vitexicarpin on PC-3cells apoptosis was tested using prodium iodide (PI)/Annexin V-FITC double staining and flow cytometry. Theresults indicated that vitexicarpin induction of apoptotic cell death in PC-3 cells was accompanied by cell cyclearrest in the G2/M phase. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that vitexicarpin induction of PC-3 cell apoptosiswas associated with upregulation of the proapoptotic protein Bax, and downregulation of antiapoptotic proteinBcl-2, release of Cytochrome c from mitochondria and decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Ourfindings suggested that vitexicarpin may become a potential leading drug in the therapy of prostate carcinoma.
Vitexicarpin
PC
3 cells
Anticancer
Apoptosis
G2/M phase arrest
2012
12
01
6369
6374
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27240_d782f1a3eb669c547de1b591beedacdf.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
MiRNA Synergistic Network Construction and Enrichment Analysis for Common Target Genes in Small-cell Lung Cancer
Background: Small-cell lung cancer (also known as SCLC) is an aggressive form and untreated patientsgenerally die within about 3 months. To obtain further insight into mechanism underlying malignancy with thiscancer, an miRNA synergistic regulatory network was constructed and analyzed in the present study. Method: AmiRNA microarray dataset was downloaded from the NCBI GEO database (GSE27435). A total of 546 miRNAswere identified to be expressed in SCLC cells. Then a miRNA synergistic network was constructed, and theincluded miRNAs mapped to the network. Topology analysis was also performed to analyze the properties of thesynergistic network. Consequently, we could identified constitutive modules. Further, common target genes ofeach module were identified with CFinder. Finally, enrichment analysis was performed for target genes. Results:In this study, a miRNA synergistic network with 464 miRNAs and 2981 edges was constructed. According to thetopology analysis, the topological properties between the networks constructed by LC related miRNAs and LCunrelated miRNAs were significantly different. Moreover, a module cilque0 could be identified in our networkusing CFinder. The module included three miRNAs (hsa-let-7c, hsa-let-7b and hsa-let-7d). In addition, severalgenes were found which were predicted to be common targets of cilque0. The enrichment analysis demonstratedthat these target genes were enriched in MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusions: Although limitations exist inthe current data, the results uncovered here are important for understanding the key roles of miRNAs in SCLC.However, further validation is required since our results were based on microarray data derived from a smallsample size.
small cell lung cancer
Mechanism
miRNA synergistic network
2012
12
01
6375
6378
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27242_70c527b07e95c2738f6d08c0e8cd5ac2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Clinical Significance of Quantitative Analysis of Plasma Epstein- Barr Virus DNA in Patients of Xinjiang Uygur Nationality with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Objective: To investigate the relationship between plasma EBV-DNA concentration and clinicopathologicfeatures of Hodgkin’s lymphoma cases. Methods: At first, the positive rate of plasma EBV-DNA was determinedwith a nested-PCR method using 45 specimens from Uygur HL patients, as well as 110 healthy people sampledas normal controls. Secondly, using fluorescent quantitative nested-PCR, EBV viral load was assessed in theEBV-DNA positive plasma samples. Then, relationships between plasma EBV viral load and clinicopathologicfeatures of HL patients were analyzed. Results: The positive rate of plasma EBV-DNA of HL patients wassignificantly higher than that of normal controls (53.3%vs26.4%, P=0.001). There was no significant differenceabout plasma EBV viral load between EBV–associated HL and EBV-DNA positive normal people (P=0.490).Looking at patients’ characteristics, plasma EBV viral load in 10-20 years EBV–associated HL was higher than inEBV cases which were less than 10 years or more than 35 years (P=0.025). Furthermore, in EBV-associated HL,concentration of plasma EBV-DNA was significantly higher in advanced stage disease (stages Ⅲ–IV; P=0.013),and with B-symptoms (P=0.020). Conclusion: EBV-DNA levels were associated with part of clinicopathologicfeatures of cases. It was of practical use to screen HL. Further etiological studies appear warranted.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Uygur nationality
Nested-PCR
Epstein-Barr virus p1asma viral load
2012
12
01
6379
6384
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27263_d8c23227037fe85f525e3d8e0b988b71.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
X-Ray Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1(XRCC1) Genetic Polymorphisms and Thyroid Carcinoma Risk: a Meta-Analysis
A number of studies have been conducted to explore the association of XRCC1 polymorphisms with thyroidcancer risk, but the results have been inconsistent. Thus we performed the present meta-analysis to clarify thisissue based on all of the evidence available to date. Relevant studies were retrieved by searching PubMed andstatistical analysis conducted using Stata software. Nine studies were included in this meta-analysis (1,620 casesand 3,557 controls). There were 6 studies (932 cases and 2,270 controls) of the Arg194Trp polymorphism, 7 studies(1432 cases and 3356 controls) of the Arg280His polymorphism and 9 studies (1,620 cases and 3,557 controls) forthe Arg399Gln polymorphism. No association of XRCC1 Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln polymorphismwith thyroid cancer risk was observed in the overall analysis. However, subgroup analysis revealed: 1) anelevated risk in aa vs AA analysis (OR=2.03, 95%CI= 1.24-3.31) and recessive genetic model analysis (OR=1.93,95%CI= 1.20-3.08) in the larger sample size trials for XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism; 2) a decreased thyroidcancer risk on subgroup analysis based on ethnicity in Aa vs AA analysis (OR=0.84, 95%CI= 0.72-0.98) and ina dominant genetic model (OR=0.84, 95%CI= 0.72-0.97) in Caucasian populations for the XRCC1 Arg399Glnpolymorphism; 3) a decreased thyroid cancer risk on subgroup analysis based on design type in Aa vs AA analysis(OR=0.72, 95% CI= 0.54-0.97) among the PCC trials for the Arg399Gln polymorphism. Our results suggest thatthe XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism may be associated with decreased thyroid cancer risk among Caucasiansand XRCC1 Arg194Trp may be associated with a tendency for increased thyroid cancer risk in the two largersample size trials.
XRCC1
Arg194Trp
Arg280His
Arg399Gln
Thyroid cancer
2012
12
01
6385
6390
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27241_7380d3c2686bec02fbe8fd58500c18ac.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Human Epididymis Protein 4 Reference Intervals in a Multiethnic Asian Women Population
Background: Ovarian cancer is ranked as the fifth most common cause of cancer death in women. In Malaysia,it is the fourth most common cancer in females. CA125 has been the tumor marker of choice in ovarian cancer butits diagnostic specificity in early stages is only 50%. Hence, there is a critical need to identify an alternative tumormarker that is capable of detecting detect ovarian cancer at an early stage. HE4 is a new tumor marker proposedfor the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer and disease recurrence. Currently, none of the normal ranges of HE4quoted in the literature are based on data for a multiethnic Asian population. Therefore, the aim of this studywas to determine reference intervals for HE4 in an Asian population presenting in University Malaya MedicalCentre, a tertiary reference hospital. Materials and Methods: 300 healthy women were recruited comprising150 premenopausal and 150 postmenopausal women, aged from 20-76 years. All women were subjected to apelvic ultrasonograph and were confirmed to be free from ovarian pathology on recruitment. Serum HE4 levelswere determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA, Abbott Architect). The referenceintervals were determined following CLSI guidelines (C28-A2) using a non-parametric method. Results: Theupper limits of the 95th percentile reference interval (90%CI) for all the women collectively were 64.6 pmol/L,and 58.4 pmol/L for premenopausal) and 69.0 pmol/L for postmenopausal. The concentration of HE4 was notedto increase with age especially in women who were more than 50 years old. We also noted that our proposedreference limit was lower compared to the level given by manufacturer Abbott Architect HE4 kit insert (58.4vs 70 pmol/L for premenopausal group and 69.0 vs 140 pmol/L in the postmenopausal group). The study alsoshowed a significant difference in HE4 concentrations between ethnic groups (Malays and Indians). The levels ofHE4 in Indians appeared higher than in Malays (p<0.05), while no significant differences were noted between theMalays and Chinese ethnic groups. Conclusions: More data are needed to establish a reference interval that willbetter represent the multiethnic Malaysian population. Probably a larger sampling size of equal representationof the Malay, Chinese, Indians as well as the other native ethnic communities will give us a greater confidenceon whether genetics plays a role in reference interval determination.
Ovarian Cancer
Biomarker
HE4
Asian women
Ethnic Groups
2012
12
01
6391
6395
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27243_b5bd282b984e9d05964584793193f197.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Analysis of PTEN, VEGF, HER2 and P53 Status in Determining Colorectal Cancer Benefit from Bevacizumab Therapy
Background: No factor has thus far been identified to predict the efficacy of bevacizumab therapy forcolorectal cancer. We here therefore studied PTEN, VEGF, HER2 and p53 by immunohistochemistry as possibleprognostic and predictive factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 retrospectively collected tumor sampleswere evaluated, all from patients receiving bevacizumab-based regimens. VEGF-A, PTEN, HER2, p53 wereassessed and data was compared with clinicopathologic characteristics of patients and the bevacizumab responserate. Results: In this study, the median age of the 34 metastatic colorectal cancer patients was 55.5 (24-75),twelve (35.3%) being women and 22 (64.7%) men. PTEN, VEGF, HER2, p53 expressions were compared withbevacizumab response and other chacteristics of disease. Statistical significant differences were not found betweenbevacizumab response rates and different expression levels of VEGF, PTEN, HER2 and p53 (respectively p=0.256,p=0.832, p=0.189, p=0.131). However, a survival difference was noted in the VEGF expression negative group(median OS:55 months; 95%CI, 22-88 months) (p=0.01). There was no statistically significant OS differencein other groups (PTEN p=0.6, HER2 p=0.189, p53 p=0.13). Conclusions: We did not find any predictive factorfor BV therapy in our study. VEGF negative expression could be an important prognostic factor in metastaticcolorectal carcinoma.
Bevacizumab
VEGF
PTEN
HER2-neu
p53
colorectal cancer
2012
12
01
6397
6401
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27244_196c4e04e71b6d920e92c0b79cc392ab.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Potential Chemoprevention Activity of Pterostilbene by Enhancing the Detoxifying Enzymes in the HT-29 Cell Line
Detoxifying enzymes are present in most epithelial cells of the human gastrointestinal tract where they protectagainst xenobiotics which may cause cancer. Induction of examples such as glutathione S-transferase (GST)and its thiol conjugate, glutathione (GSH) as well as NAD(P)H: quinoneoxidoreductase (NQO1) facilitate theexcretion of carcinogens and thus preventing colon carcinogenesis. Pterostilbene, an analogue of resveratrol, hasdemonstrated numerous pharmacological activities linked with chemoprevention. This study was conducted toinvestigate the potential of pterostilbene as a chemopreventive agent using the HT-29 colon cancer cell line tostudy the modulation of GST and NQO1 activities as well as the GSH level. Initially, our group, established theoptimum dose of 24 hours pterostilbene treatment using MTT assays. Then, effects of pterostilbene (0-50 μM)on GST and NQO1 activity and GSH levels were determined using GST, NQO1 and Ellman assays, respectively.MTT assay of pterostilbene (0-100 μM) showed no cytotoxicity toward the HT-29 cell line. Treatment increasedGST activity in the cell line significantly (p<0.05) at 12.5 and 25.0 μM. In addition, treatment at 50 μM increasedthe GSH level significantly (p<0.05). Pterostilbene also enhanced NQO1 activity significantly (p<0.05) at 12.5μM and 50 μM. Hence, pterostilbene is a potential chemopreventive agent capable of modulation of detoxifiyingenzyme levels in HT-29 cells.
Pterostilbene
detoxifying enzymes
Glutathione S-Transferase
Glutathione
HT-29 cell line
2012
12
01
6403
6407
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27245_74f935174bb5c3abf671c1e47038f5a0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Peptidoglycans Promotes Human Leukemic THP-1 Cell Apoptosis and Differentiation
The innate immune system coordinates the inflammatory response to pathogens. To do so, its cells mustdiscriminate self from non-self utilizing receptors that identify molecules synthesized exclusively by microbes. Tolllikereceptors have a crucial role in the detection of microbial infection in mammals and insects. In mammals, theyhave evolved to recognize conserved products unique to microbial metabolism. These include lipopolysaccharide(LPS), lipotechoic acids, and peptidoglycans (PGN). We show here that TLRs, including TLR2, are expressedon the THP-1 human leukemia cell line. Activation of TLR2 signaling in THP-1 by PGN induces the synthesis ofvarious soluble factors and proteins including interleukin-1β, interleukin-8 and TNF-α and apoptosis of THP-1with PGN dose and time dependence. Moreover , in this study we show that PGN induces apoptosis of THP-1cells in a TNF-α-dependent manner. These findings indicate that TLR2 signaling results in a cascade leading totumor apoptosis and differentiation, which may suggest new clinical prospects using TLR2 agonists as cytotoxicagents in certain cancers.
TLR2
PGN
Apoptosis
differentiation
leukemia cell line
2012
12
01
6409
6413
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27246_a49e2b1c1aaed539bf69c485e2ff8dbb.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Overexpression of HER-2/neu in Malignant Mammary Tumors; Translation of Clinicopathological Features from Dog to Human
Background: Canine mammary gland tumors (CMGTs) are the most common tumor found in bitches. Changesin HER-2/neu genes in human breast cancer (HBC) lead to decrease in disease-free survival (DFS) and overallsurvival rate (OSR). Previous studies have demonstrated that the biological behavior of malignant mammarygland tumors (MMGTs) is similar to that of HBC. The present study aimed at evaluating the relationship betweenoverexpression of HER-2/neu and clinicopathological features in MMGTs to represent a model of prognostic factorsfor HBC. Materials and Method: The clinicopathological data of 35 MMGTs were obtained. Immunohistochemicalstaining with HER-2, Ki-67 and CD34 markers was conducted with sections from paraffin-embedded blocks.According to standard protocols, histological type, grade, margin status, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), HER-2/neu score, proliferation rate and microvessel density (MVD) of tumors were determined and the association ofHER-2/neu overexpression with these parameters was assessed statistically. Results: The IHC results showedthat 12 (34.3%) cases were HER-2/neu positive. Statistical analyses indicated a significant relationship betweenHER-2 positivity and tumor grade (p=0.043), which also was demonstrated with cancer stage (p=0.035), tumormargin involvement (p=0.016), proliferation index (p=0.001) and MVD (p=0.001); however, there was no statisticalrelationship between LVI and tumor size. Overexpression of the HER-2/neu gene in MMGTs results in similarbiological behavior as that of HBC; as a result, these tumors have can be considered to have important similaritiesin clinicopathological characteristics. Conclusions: MMGTs can be regarded as an HBC animal model. Furtherstudies in this field would result in new treatments that could be beneficial for both dogs and humans.
Canine mammary gland tumors
human breast cancer
HER-2/neu gene
2012
12
01
6415
6421
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27247_44c9f6026d8c6d3e4ccabfd3a1675654.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
XRCC1 Polymorphisms are Associated with Cervical Cancer Risk and Response to Chemotherapy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Background: Functional single nucleotide polymorphisms of x-ray repair cross-complementing protein1 (XRCC1) have been suspected to contribute to uterine cervical cancer risk for a long time; however, mostprevious case-control studies were small sized and biased. Additionally, recent studies suggested that XRCC1polymorphisms could be a biomarker of response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: A comprehensivesearch was conducted to retrieve eligible studies and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs)were calculated to measure association strength. Results: A total of 13 studies were identified and analyzed. Wefound that the Arg194Trp polymorphism (Trp vs. Arg, OR=1.342, 95% CI: 1.176) was associated with increasedrisk of cervical cancer, while no significant association was found with Arg280His (His vs. Arg, OR=1.059, 95%CI: 0.863, 1.299) or Arg399Gln (Gln vs. Arg, OR=1.144, 95% CI: 0.938, 1.394). As for response to platinumbasedchemotherapy, the variant XRCC1 399Gln allele (Gln vs. Arg, OR=0.345, 95% CI: 0.163, 0.729) waslinked with a poor response; however, the Arg194Trp polymorphism (TrpArg vs. ArgArg, OR=6.421, 95% CI:1.573, 26.205) predicted a good response. Conclusion: The Arg194Trp polymorphism of XRCC1 increases riskof cervical cancer; the variant 399Gln allele predicts poor response to platinum-based chemotherapy, while theArg194Trp polymorphism indicates a good response.
XRCC1
Uterine cervical cancer
SNPs
Susceptibility
chemotherapy response
2012
12
01
6423
6427
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27248_c1f5d9e45fdb6b07f780fd74afa0dfcd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Effects of Sodium Valproate on the Growth of Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line HO8910
To explore a possible new treatment for human ovarian cancer, we studied the effects of sodium valproateon the growth of the HO8910 human cell line. HO8910 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with differentconcentrations of sodium valproate. Cell proliferation, cell cycling, and apoptosis were measured by flowcytometry, cell morphology under a microscope, and expression levels of WWOX and P27 by Western blottingand RT-PCR. Tumor xenografts were established to determine in vivo effects of sodium valproate. Our resultsshowed that cell proliferation was decreased with increasing concentration of sodium valproate, with features ofcytoplasmic retraction and floating cells. Moreover, cell cycle analysis revealed a higher apoptosis rate and G0/G1 phase in the sodium valproate experimental group than in the control group. In addition, protein expressionlevels of WWOX and P27 were elevated. Importantly, sodium valproate decreased in vivo xenograft tumor burdenand up-regulated WWOX and P27 expression in nude mice. In conclusion, sodium valproate might play a rolein inhibition and control of ovarian cancer cell line HO8910 by inhibiting cell proliferation, interfering with thecell cycle and promoting apoptosis, so that it may be effective in the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer.
Ovarian Cancer
Apoptosis
WWOX
P27
Sodium Valproate
2012
12
01
6429
6433
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27252_609b43d971b2baae62d08402ef5ffa8e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Identification of Cisplatin-Resistance Associated Genes through Proteomic Analysis of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells and a Cisplatin-resistant Subline
Chemoresistance to cancer therapy is a major obstacle to the effective treatment of human cancers withcisplatin (DDP), but the mechanisms of cisplatin-resistance are not clear. In this study, we established a cisplatinresistanthuman ovarian cancer cell line (COC1/DDP) and identified differentially expressed proteins related tocisplatin resistance. The proteomic expression profiles in COC1 before and after DDP treatment were examinedusing 2-dimensional electrophoresis technology. Differentially expressed proteins were identified using matrixassistedlaser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and high performanceliquid chromatography-electrospray tandem MS (NanoUPLC-ESI-MS/MS). 5 protein spots, for cytokeratin 9,keratin 1, deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase), aarF domain containing kinase 4 (ADCK 4) and cofilin1,were identified to be significantly changed in COC1/DDP compared with its parental cells. The expression ofthese five proteins was further validated by quantitative PCR and Western blotting, confirming the results ofproteomic analysis. Further research on these proteins may help to identify novel resistant biomarkers or revealthe mechanism of cisplatin-resistance in human ovarian cancers.
Cisplatin resistance
Ovarian Cancer
proteomics
MALDI-TOF-MS
electrospray tandem MS
2012
12
01
6435
6439
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27253_88df58f78b73b11e852106deaeadf419.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Preliminary Study of Protective Effects of Flavonoids against Radiation-induced Lung Injury in Mice
Background: Radiation therapy plays an important role in lung carcinoma treatment. However, the incidenceof symptomatic radiation-induced lung injury is high. This study aimed to evaluate radioprotective effects offlavonoids extracted from Astragalus complanatus and mechanisms of action against radiation damage. Methods:Alteration in antioxidant status and levles of several cytokines were investigated in BABL/C mice treatedwith 4 mg/kg b.wt. flavonoids after exposure to 10Gy thoracic radiation. Results: Serum levels of SOD in theflavonoids+radiation group were significantly higher compared to the radiation control group, while TGF-β1and IL-6 were lower. Mice in the radiation control group displayed more severe lung damage compared with theflavonoids+radiation group. The expression of TGF-β1 and TNF-α in the radiation control group was markedlyincreased in alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages of the alveolar septum. Conclusions: From the results ofthe present study, flavonoids could be excellent candidates as protective agents against radiation-induced lunginjury.
Radiation-induced lung injury
flavonoids of Astragalus complanatus
ELISA
immunohistochemistry
2012
12
01
6441
6446
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27254_57624df2ac7e0a5ddc8b30420132da7e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of MUC- 2, MUC-4 and MUC-5AC Expression in Japanese Gastric Carcinomas
Background: The mucin components of the gastric gel layer function as a protective and lubricatingfactor against luminal acid and proteolytic enzymes. Alteration of mucin expression in gastric preneoplasticand neoplastic lesions has suggested potential roles in neoplastic processes. This study aimed to assess theclinicopathological and prognostic significance of MUC-2, MUC-4 and MUC-5AC in Japanese gastric cancer.Methods: Expression of MUC-2, -4 and -5AC was evaluated on tissue microarrays of gastric carcinomas andadjacent non-cancerous mucosa specimens by immunohistochemistry and compared with clinicopathologicalparameters and survival time of the patients. Results: The three mucins were found to be expressed to a lesserextent in gastric carcinomas in comparison with non-cancerous mucosa (p<0.05). MUC-2 expression wasnegatively correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion, and TNM staging of gastric cancer (p<0.05), while thatof MUC-5AC was negatively associated with the depth of invasion, venous invasion, lymph node metastasis andTNM staging (p<0.05), but positively with MUC-4 and MUC-2 expression (p<0.05). There was higher MUC-2expression in intestinal- than diffuse-type carcinomas (p<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated no relationshipbetween expression of the three mucins and the cumulative survival rate of patients, even stratified according tothe depth of invasion (p>0.05). Conclusion: Down-regulated expression of MUC-2, -4 and -5AC may be involvedin pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis or differentiation of gastric carcinoma. Their altered expression mighttherefore be employed as an indicator of pathobiological behavior.
gastric carcinoma
mucins-clinicopathological behaviors
Prognosis
Tumorigenesis
2012
12
01
6447
6453
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27249_9b5546dd721008ca42eb28f84d52141e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Altered Distribution and Expression Pattern of E-cadherin in Hepatocellular Carcinomas: Correlations with Prognosis and Clinical Features
Objective: E-cadherin has been identified as a tumor suppressor in many types of carcinoma. However, somestudies recently suggested that the role and expression of E-cadherin might be more complex and diverse. In thepresent study, we evaluated the prognostic value of E-cadherin expression with reference to levels in membranesand cytoplasm, and the membrane/cytoplasm ratio, in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) after curativehepatectomy. Methods: The expression of E-cadherin was assessed by immunohistochemistry in HCC tissuemicroarrays from 125 patients, and its prognostic values and other clinicopathlogical data were retrospectivelyanalyzed. Patients were followed for a median period of 43.7 months (range 1 to 126 months). Results: Univariateanalysis demonstrated that a high membrane/cytoplasm (M/C) ratio of E-cadherin expression was associatedwith poor overall survival (OS) (P =0.001) and shorter time to recurrence (TTR) (P =0.038), as well as tumorsize, intrahepatic metastasis, and TNM stage. In contrast, neither membrane nor cytoplasmic expression ofE-cadherin was related with OS and TTR. Furthermore, multivariate analysis confirmed the M/C ratio to be anindependent predictor of OS (P =0.031). χ2 tests additionally showed that the M/C ratio of E-cadherin expressionwas related with early stage recurrence (P =0.012), rather than later stage recurrence. Conclusion: The M/Cratio of E-cadherin expression is a strong predictor of postoperative survival and is associated with early stagerecurrence in patients with HCC.
Hepatocellular carcinoma
E-cadherin
tumor suppressor
2012
12
01
6455
6461
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27250_0391ea74945c17707208df27e47d8039.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Targeting Renal Cell Carcinoma with Gambogic Acid in Combination with Sunitinib in Vitro and in Vivo
Purpose: To evaluated the effect of the gambogic acid (GA), one of the effective components of Garcinia, incombination with a new multi-targeted oral medication, sunitinib (SU) on renal cancer cell proliferation in vitroand on tumor growth in vivo. Methods: After treatment with GA or SU, either alone or in combination, MTTand FACS analysis were used to examine cell viability and cycle distribution of the renal carcinoma cell lines786-0 and Caki-1. Western blotting was employed to examine the expression of proteins related to the cell cycleand vascular formation. Furthermore, a xenograft model was applied to study the antitumor efficacy of SU orGA alone or in combination, with immunohistochemistry to detect expression of proteins related to xenograftgrowth and angiogenesis. Western blotting was used to examine NF-κB signaling pathway elements in xenografts.Results: Treatment of 786-0 and Caki-1 cells with GA or SU resulted in decreased tumor cell proliferation,especially with joint use. Cells accumulated more strongly in the sub-G1 phase after joint treatment with GA andSU than treatment of GA and SU alone. Western blotting arrays showed 1 protein significantly upregulated, 2proteins downregulated, and 2 proteins unchanged. Moreover, combined use of GA and SU inhibited the growthand angiogenesis of xenografts generated from Caki-1 significantly. Immunohistochemistry arrays showeddownregulation of the expression of proteins promoting xenograft growth and angiogenesis, and Western blottingshowed inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway after treatment by GA alone and in combination with SUin xenografts. Conclusions: Our results show that the joint use of GA and SU can provide greater antitumorefficacy compared to either drug alone and thus may offer a new treatment strategy for renal cell carcinoma.
renal cell carcinoma
786-0 cells
caki-1 cells
Gambogic acid
sunitinib
2012
12
01
6463
6468
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27251_96e81b2857aeb6e558b5495b864f6efe.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms at XRCC1, XRCC3, XPD, and OGG1 Loci in the Hyderabad Population of India
Background: DNA repair is one of the crucial defense mechanism against mutagenic exposure. Inherited SNPs of DNA repair genes may contribute to variation in DNA repair capacity and susceptibility to cancer. Due to thepresence of these variants, inter-individual and ethnic differences in DNA repair capacity have been established in various populations. India harbors enormous genetic and cultural diversity. Materials and Methods: In the present study we aimed to determine the genotypes and allele frequencies of XRCC1 Arg399Gln (rs25487), XRCC3 Thr241Met (rs861539), XPD Lys751Gln (rs13181), and OGG1 Ser326Cys (rs1052133) gene polymorphisms in 186 healthy individuals residing in the Hyderabad region of India and to compare them with HapMap and otherpopulations. Results and Conclusions: The genotype and allele frequency distribution at the four DNA repairgene loci among Hyderabad population of India revealed a characteristic pattern. Comparison of these genepolymorphisms with other populations revealed a distinctiveness of Hyderabad population from the Deccanregion of India. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such DNA repair gene polymorphisms inthe Deccan Indian population.
DNA repair - genotyping - XRCC3 - XRCC1 - XPD - OGG1 - Deccan
India
2012
12
01
6469
6474
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27255_bf7cfb01ccda96a5093749ab5c046e2c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Molecular and Circulatory Expression of Insulin Growth Factors in Indian Females with Advanced Cervical Cancer
Background: Recent studies have demonstrated an association between insulin growth factor (IGF) andinsulin growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-III) serum levels and increased risk for various cancers. However,little information is available on clinical implications of the IGF system in Indian patients with cervical cancer.This study explored associations by analyzing their expression profiles in cervical cancer cases. Materials andMethods: Totals of 50 patients with advanced cervical cancer and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. Humanpapillomavirus (HPV) and cervical biopsy sample were obtained from all participating women. Circulatorylevels were estimated by ELISA and the tissue expression was assessed using RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results: Levels of IGF-I and II showed significant increase whereas IGFBP-III showed significant decline inall patients as compared to controls. Spearman correlation analysis between IGFs and HPV status showedsignificant correlations. Conclusions: We demonstrated elevated circulating levels and tissue expression of IGF-Iand IGF-II in advancer cancer cervix patients, as compared with controls, with a converse trend being apparentfor IGFBP-III. In future, associations of the IGF system and clinical outcome of cervical cancer patients in posttreatment samples might point to significance in disease mapping as a prognostic marker after validation witha larger patient series.
Insulin growth factors
insulin growth factor binding protein
cervical cancer
Human papilloma virus
2012
12
01
6475
6479
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27256_ec7149efe56bc8a46d8ab223820d6951.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of School Nurses in the United Arab Emirates about HPV Infection and Vaccine
Background: In 2008, the Health Authority in Abu Dhabi (the capital of the United Arab Emirates) introducedHPV vaccine free of charge for high school girls entering grade 11, becoming the first state in the Middle Eastto do so. The objectives of this study were to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of school nurses in theEmirate of Abu Dhabi about HPV infection and the vaccine. Materials and Methods: A quantitative study wasdesigned and conducted from June to August 2012 in Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Data were collected through directface to face interviews. from one hundred and twenty five nurses. Results: Knowledge of HPV infection and HPVvaccine was almost universal among the school nurses (97%). The majority of the participants (71%) thoughtthat the HPV vaccine was good. Cultural unacceptability (45%) and lack of women’s concern about their ownhealth (21%) were rated as the top barriers for the successful introduction of the vaccine in the UAE. Morethan half of the sampled nurses (58%) have either given this vaccine to school girls or taken it themselves. Themajority (95%) did not come across any side effects from the vaccine. The level of qualification and the place ofwork did not significantly affect the correct knowledge of HPV infection or cervical cancer prevention methods.Conclusions: The knowledge and attitude of the sampled school nurses in Abu Dhabi State about HPV infectionand vaccine is very good in both the public and private sectors. However, a knowledge gap in cervical cancerscreening methods was identified.
HPV vaccine - cervical cancer - school nurses - United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi
2012
12
01
6481
6484
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27257_e2050c168c793a692f7bb556f0dc4266.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Requests for Tumor Marker Tests in Turkey Without Indications and Frequency of Elevation in Benign Conditions
Aims: To investigate the incidence of ordering tests for tumor markers which are used in cancer diagnosis,follow-up treatment and detection of recurrence, the rate of elevation in benign diseases and which clinicsorder them frequently. Materials and Method: Data for the tumor markers carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) and alphafetoprotein(AFP) that were ordered by all the clinics in our Hospital between 2010 and 2011 were screened.When excluding repeated orders the results of 3,416 patients were available. It has been determined that inwhich benign diseases were the tumor markers frequently ordered and which of these conditions had high levelsof them. Results: CA 19-9 was ordered for 1,858 patients 191 (10.3%) were malignant while 1667 (89.7%) wereordered in benign diseases. For CEA the total was 1,710, 226 (13.2%) malignant and 1484 (86.8%) benign, andfor CA 125 1267, 111 (8.8%) malignant and 1156 (91.2%) benign. AFP was ordered for 1687 cases, 80 (4.7%)malignant but 1607 (95.3%) benign. CA 15-3 was ordered 1449 times, 174 (12%) for malignant and 1275 (88%)for benign diseases. In all cases, considerable proportions were positive. Conclusions: It was shown that cliniciansfrequently order tumor markers for benign conditions. The findings of this study has shown that tumor markersare used widely without indications as cancer screening tests.
CA 19-9
CEA
CA 125
CA 15-3
AFP
benign disease
Turkey
2012
12
01
6485
6489
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27258_8635e3353b791c3404aac62de28917dd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Socio-economic Status Plays Important Role in Childhood Cancer Treatment Outcome in Indonesia
Background: The influence of parental socio-economic status on childhood cancer treatment outcome inlow-income countries has not been sufficiently investigated. Our study examined this influence and exploredparental experiences during cancer treatment of their children in an Indonesian academic hospital. Materialsand Methods: Medical charts of 145 children diagnosed with cancer between 1999 and 2009 were reviewedretrospectively. From October 2011 until January 2012, 40 caretakers were interviewed using semi-structuredquestionnaires. Results: Of all patients, 48% abandoned treatment, 34% experienced death, 9% had progressive/relapsed disease, and 9% overall event-free survival. Prosperous patients had better treatment outcome than poorpatients (P<0.0001). Odds-ratio for treatment abandonment was 3.3 (95%CI: 1.4-8.1, p=0.006) for poor versusprosperous patients. Parents often believed that their child’s health was beyond doctor control and determinedby luck, fate or God (55%). Causes of cancer were thought to be destiny (35%) or God’s punishment (23%).Alternative treatment could (18%) or might (50%) cure cancer. Most parents (95%) would like more informationabout cancer and treatment. More contact with doctors was desired (98%). Income decreased during treatment(55%). Parents lost employment (48% fathers, 10% mothers), most of whom stated this loss was caused by theirchild’s cancer (84% fathers, 100% mothers). Loss of income led to financial difficulties (63%) and debts (55%).Conclusions: Treatment abandonment was most important reason for treatment failure. Treatment outcome wasdetermined by parental socio-economic status. Childhood cancer survival could improve if financial constraintsand provision of information and guidance are better addressed.
Childhood cancer
Socio-economic status
Adherence
low-income country
Indonesia
2012
12
01
6491
6496
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27259_a3b15cb1e24bb59b8ca68f60bec5e976.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Cervical Cancer Screening in Turkey: A Community-based Experience After 60 Years of Pap Smear Usage
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in females in the World with around 500,000 new casesoccurring annually, but the first in the developing countries with a high mortality if not diagnosed early.Papanicolau (Pap) smear is a cheap, easy-to-apply and widely accepted test which has been long used to detectcervical cancer at very early stages. However, despite being available for nearly 60 years, the test can hardlybe considered to have become successfully applied in many communities. We aimed in this study to presentthe results of a screening survey for cervical cancer which targeted a women population aged between 35 and40 living in a semi-rural area in the province of Hatay, located in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey,with specific aims of increasing early diagnosis, education and raising population awareness about cancers. Thiscommunity-based descriptive study covered 512 women between 35 and 40 years of age living at Armutlu with amean age of 37.6±1.7. Gynecologic examinations revealed cervical erosion in 8 (1.6%), vaginitis in 193 (37.7%)and normal findings in 311 (60.7%); pathological evaluation reports of the smears were negative in 290 (56.6%),inflammation in 218 (42.6%) and ASC-US in 4 (0.8%), according to the 2001 Bethesda classification. It can beconcluded that Pap smear test - proven to be a very valuable test at the clinical level- should also be widely usedat the community level to detect cervical cancer at very early stages to reduce both the mortality and morbidityamong healthy people. The need for continuous community-based cervical cancer screening programs is stronglysuggested.
cancer
Prevention
cervical cancer
Pap smear
Screening
community
2012
12
01
6497
6500
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27260_ffa5d68db990fdb7a6d69d9d03286360.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Monoclonal Gammopathies in Caribbean Patients in a Resource-limited Setting
Background: Multiple myeloma is the most common malignant plasma cell dyscrasia and ranks secondamong primary haematological malignancies. This study describes the epidemiologic, clinical and pathologicprofile of monoclonal gammopathies seen in the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), a tertiarycare referral centre. Materials and Method: A retrospective analysis of 85 cases diagnosed at UHWI over the5-year period 2003-2007 was conducted. The cases were identified from the bone marrow records as well asthe computerized database of the Medical Records Department. Clinical presentation, family and personalhistory and demographic data were retrieved. Haematological and biochemical results were also analyzed.Results: There were 85 patients diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathies. The M:F ratio was 1.2:1 and themean age was 65.7±1.3 years. Eighty percent of the patients had skeletal pain and 40% experienced weightloss. Of the patients experiencing bone pain 56.7% had multiple lytic lesions, 26.7% had pathological fracturesand 26.7% had compression fractures. Seventy-four patients (87.1%) had a haemoglobin level <12.0 g/dL with52.9% having values <8.0 g/dL. Renal impairment was evident at diagnosis in 36.5% . Hypercalcemia was seenin 26.5% and hyperuricemia in 45.9%. Of the 79 patients who had serum protein electrophoresis performed,77.2% had at least one monoclonal band and of these 24.6% had a monoclonal protein also present on urineprotein electrophoresis. Conclusions: The demographic profile in this group of patients is largely similar to otherstudies in predominantly Caucasian populations; however there was a notable increase in prevalence of severedisease at presentation, with the majority of patients presenting at the most advanced stage. It is probable thatthese differences reflect socioeconomic factors and not merely inherent ethnic variation in disease biology.
Monoclonal gammopathy
multiple myeloma
clinical and biochemical abnormalities
2012
12
01
6501
6504
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27261_9d6d01c4bdee408d1c28c3caa57cf158.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
CYP2E1*5B, CYP2E1*6, CYP2E1*7B, CYP2E1*2, and CYP2E1*3 Allele Frequencies in Iranian Populations
Background: CYP2E1 encodes an enzyme which is mainly involved in bioactivation of potential carcinogenssuch as N-nitrosamines. Polymorphisms in the gene have been reported to be associated with cancer. The aim ofthis study was to evaluate genotype distributions and allele frequencies of five CYP2E1 polymorphisms in IranMaterials and Methods: Two hundred healthy individuals of an Iranian population from the southwest wereincluded in this study. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and Tetra-ARMS PCR methods wereapplied for CYP2E1 genotyping. Results: The allele frequencies for *5B, *6, *7B, *2, and *3 were calculated tobe 1.5%, 16%, 28.5%, 0%, and 2.75% respectively. Results of this study showed that no significant differencesin genotype and allele frequencies of five single nucleotide polymorphisms with respect to the gender andtribes. The chi-square test showed that the genotype frequencies of CYP2E1*5B were similar to Caucasians,but the distribution of CYP2E1*6 genotypes was similar to Asians. The frequencies of CYP2E1*2 (0%) andCYP2E1*3 (2.75%) alleles were within the range for Caucasians and Orientals. In the case of CYP2E1*7B, thedata werelimited. Accordingly, the results were only compared with Europeans and the comparison showedsignificant differences. Conclusions: In conclusion, ethnic and geographic differences may explain discrepanciesin the prevalence of CYP2E1 polymorphisms.
Cytochrome P450
Polymorphism
Genotyping
allele frequency
Iranian population
2012
12
01
6505
6510
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27264_9a821b8c75c250dcc12f9ae6037dec11.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Iris Nertschinskia Ethanol Extract Differentially Induces Cytotoxicity in Human Breast Cancer Cells Depending on AKT1/2 Activity
Recently, we reported that an ethanol extract of Iris nertschinskia induces p53-dependent apoptosis inthe MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. However, the detailed mechanisms were not fully explored. Here,we demonstrate another aspect of the activity of I. nertschinskia in breast cancer cells. We compared theresponse to an ethanol extract of I. nertschinskia in two different human breast cancer cell lines, Hs578TandMDA-MB231, respectively with relatively low and high AKT1/2 activity by trypan blue exclusion assayand FACS analysis. Knockdown of endogenous AKT1 or AKT2 in breast cancer cells by RNA interferencedetermined the sensitivity to I. nertschinskia ethanol extract compared to control cells. The I. nertschinskiaethanol extract induced cell death in a manner that depended on the level of phosphorylated AKT1/2 proteinand was associated with a significant increase in the sub-G1 cell population, indicative of apoptosis. Ourresults indicate that an ethanol extract of I. nertschinskia differentially induces cell death in breast cancercells depending on their level of phosphorylated AKT1/2.
Iris nertschinskia
AKT1
AKT2
breast cancer
2012
12
01
6511
6516
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27265_101f9192189976bbe54bc044dbea596b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
RNAi-induced K-Ras Gene Silencing Suppresses Growth of EC9706 Cells and Enhances Chemotherapy Sensitivity of Esophageal Cancer
To analyze the growth, proliferation, apoptosis, invasiveness and chemotherapy sensitivity of EC9706 cellsafter K-Ras gene silencing, an expression carrier pSilencer-siK-Ras was constructed, and the EC9706 cell linewas transfected using a liposome technique. Six groups were established: Control, siRNA NC (transfected withempty vector pSilencer2.1); Ras siRNA (transfected with pSilencer-siK-Ras2); Paclitaxel; Paclitaxel + siRNANC; and Ras siRNA + Paclitaxel. After the treatment, RT-PCR, Western blotting, MTT assay, flow cytometryand the Transwell technique were used to assess expression of K-Ras mRNA and protein in EC9706 cells, aswell as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and invasiveness. The effect of Paclitaxel chemotherapy was alsotested. pSilencer-siK-Ras2 effectively down-regulated expression of K-Ras mRNA and protein in EC9706 cells,growth being significantly inhibited. Flow cytometry indicated obvious apoptosis of cells in the experimentalgroup, with arrest in the G1 phase; cell migration ability was also reduced. After pSilencer-siK-Ras2 transfectionor the addition of Paclitaxel, EC9706 cells were suppressed to different extents; the suppressive effect wasstrengthened by combined treatment. The results suggested that RNAi-induced K-Ras gene silencing couldenhance chemotherapy sensitivity of esophageal cancer.
RNAi
K-ras
Esophageal Cancer
Paclitaxel
chemotherapy sensitivity
2012
12
01
6517
6521
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27266_64e6d65c7a205ff30419497e4e88c8c3.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Phase II Study of Docetaxel (Aisu®) Combined with Threedimensional Conformal External Beam Radiotherapy in Treating Patients with Inoperable Esophageal Cancer
Objective: This study was designed to investigate treatment efficacy and side effects of concomitant Aisu®(docetaxel) with three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy for the treatment of inoperablepatients with esophageal cancer. Methods: Inoperable patients were treated with three-dimensional conformalexternal beam radiotherapy (5/week, 2 GY/day, and total dose 60GY) plus docetaxel (30-45 mg/m2, iv, d1, 8).Results: Twenty eight patients met the study eligibility criteria and the response rate was evaluated accordingto RICIST guidelines. Among 28 patients, 2 achieved CR, 22 PR, 3 SD and 1 patient was documented PD. Mildgastrointestinal reaction and bone marrow suppression were also documented. All treatment related side effectswere tolerable. Conclusion: Three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy combined with docetaxelis an active and safe regimen for inoperable patients with esophageal cancer.
conformal radiotherapy
Docetaxel
inoperable esophageal cancer
2012
12
01
6523
6526
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27267_4bd7aed256c4c7f7ae4de5ff0496c615.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Complement Receptor 1 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and the Association with Clinicopathological Features And Prognosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Purpose: Complement receptor 1 (CR1) is induced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and may be a potentialbiomarker of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We conducted the present study to evaluate the association ofCR1 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis of NPC. Methods: We enrolled 145 NPC patientsand 110 controls. Expression levels of CR1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected usingquantitative real-time PCR and associations with clinicopathological features and prognosis were examined.Results: CR1 levels in the NPC group [3.54 (3.34, 3.79)] were slightly higher than those in the controls [3.33(3.20, 3.47)] (P<0.001). Increased CR1 expression was associated with histology classification (type III vs. typeII, P=0.002), advanced clinical stage (P=0.003), high T stage (P=0.017), and poor overall survival (HR, 4.89; 95%CI, 1.23-19.42; P=0.024). However, there were no statistically significant differences in CR1 expression amongN or M stages. Conclusion: These findings indicate that CR1 expression in PBMCs may be a new biomarker forprognosis of NPC and a potential therapeutic target.
Complement receptor 1
mRNA expression
NPC
PBMCs
Prognosis
2012
12
01
6527
6531
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27268_93cfb13496fad5c2aa6e38ebdc57dfed.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
RFID Technology in Health Environment Opportunities and Challenges for Modern Cancer Care
Cancers are significant contributors to the mortality and health care expenditures. Cancer can be reduced andmonitored by new information technology. Radio frequency identification or RFID is a wireless identificationtechnology. The use of this technology can be employed for identifying and tracking clinical staff, patients,supplies, medications and equipments. RFID can trace and manage chemotherapy drugs. There are differenttypes of RFID. Implantable RFID allowing a chip to be embedded under the skin and that store the cancerpatient’s identifier. These are concerns about applications of RFID. Privacy, security and legal issues are keyproblems. This paper describes capabilities, benefits and confidentiality aspects in radio frequency identificationsystems and solutions for overcoming challenges.
RFID
wireless technology
modern cancer care
identification technology
2012
12
01
6533
6537
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27269_4530c5b32d6976c157edd51aa931669f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
Zoledronic Acid Administration in Aggressive Castration- Resistant Prostate Cancer
Dear EditorBone metastases alone or in combination withandrogen deprivation therapy-related bone loss placesprostate cancer patients at great risk of skeletal morbidity,including pain and fracture. Thus patient’s quality of lifemay be significantly impaired. One approach to controlis through use of zoledronic acid (ZA), an intravenouslyapplied bisphosphonate approved for the prevention andtreatment of cancer skeletal-related events. However, ZAmay also act by other mechanismsWe have experienced positive effects in a 65-year-oldman who underwent retropubic radical prostatectomywith localized prostate cancer (PC) in 2004. Pathologicalexamination revealed metastatic PC (pT3a pN1 M0, GS4+3=7), and therefore androgen deprivation therapy(ADT) with goserelin was initiated. From October 2006an AD agent, bicalutamide was added because of abiochemical failure. Alternative ADT including flutamide,estramusutine phosphate, chlormadinone acetate, andbicaltamide was initiated according to our institutionalcriteria. However, PSA levels rapidly increased markedly(Figure 1A). During the switch of anti-androgen agentswe checked an androgen withdrawal syndrome.Although dexamethasone (DXM) therapy wasstarted for aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC), PSA levels rose and radiological examinationsrevealed swelling of the para-aortic and para-inferior venacava lymph nodes and tiny bone metastasis. Monthlyadministration of zoledronic acid (ZA) was then initiatedin August 2008. PSA levels decreased greatly overthe next two years (see Figure 1A). ZA and goserelinadministration have now maintained PSA levels below 0.2ng/ml for 3 years. The para-aortic lymph node reduced insize and the para-inferior vena cava lymph node swellingdisappeared (Figure 1B). DXM was gradually tapered offby June 2010.ZA has been shown to block multiple steps in tumormetastases (e.g. angiogenesis, invasion, adhesion, andproliferation) in preclinical and translational studies(Gnant, 2011). A recent Austrian Breast and ColorectalCancer Study Group trial demonstrated significantlyimproved in disease-free survival rates after adjuvantadministration of ZA for breast cancer (Gnant et al.,2011). Several studies have suggested that the potentialanticancer activity of ZA in PC. For example, ZAadministration improved PSA levels in a case of CRPCwith bone and lymph nodes metastases (Kikuno etal., 2007). According to Prostate Cancer Nomograms:Hormone Refractory by Memorial Sloan-Kettering CancerCenter, survival probabilities for this patient after 1 and2 years were estimated to be 73 % and 35 % respectively(median, 18 months) (Cho et al., 2003). However, in ourpresent case relapse-free survival with low PSA levels andreduced lymph nodes were maintained for 3 years afterZA administration.In conclusion, ZA administration may greatlycontribute to increased survival in patients with aggressiveCRPC and not only through action against.developmentof bone metastases
2012
12
01
6539
6540
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27270_d7021bfdeb6fdd18a9506c9c5e3aefd6.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2012
13
12
A Comment to the Article Published in the APJCP by Choi and Co-workers about the Treatment of Cancer with Citric Acid
I first published the medical hypothesis that citric acid,as a natural inhibitor of glycolysis, would be effective asa cancer treatment in March, 2007 (Halabe Bucay, 2007).Two years and two months later, on May, 2009, I publishedin the same journal the first case of a patient with cancerwho improved only with citric acid as antineoplastictreatment, a 12 years old boy who had terminal medullarythyroid cancer as part of a multiple endocrine neoplasia(Halabe Bucay, 2009). Nine months later, in February,2011, data for a second patient with terminal cancer,peritoneal mesothelioma who improved again only withcitric acid, were published (Bucay, 2011). The hypothesisthat citric acid is effective as a cancer treatment hasbeen demonstrated with these 2 unquestionable cases(Halabe Bucay, 2009; Bucay, 2011), and there is a lot ofinformation in internet, available for everyone to access.Therefore, perhaps, the patients reported in the articlefrom Korea (Choi et al., 2012) knew this information andthat this is an explanation for their improvement of cancerstatus.
2012
12
01
6541
6541
https://journal.waocp.org/article_27271_1ceb63f3d6ccad212080ff3911366974.pdf