2024-03-29T18:33:33Z
https://journal.waocp.org/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=3496
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Apologies for Past Mistakes and Promises for A New Start for the APJCP in 2014
2014
01
01
1
2
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28620_e3a81f687a51f094401b1d9ccdf49167.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Japanese Cancer Association Meeting UICC International Session - What is Cost-effectiveness in Cancer Treatment?
The Japan National Committee for the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and UICC-AsiaRegional Office (ARO) organized an international session as part of the official program of the 72nd AnnualMeeting of the Japanese Cancer Association to discuss the topic “What is cost-effectiveness in cancer treatment?”Healthcare economics are an international concern and a key issue for the UICC. The presenters and participantsdiscussed the question of how limited medical resources can be best used to support life, which is a question thatapplies to both developing and industrialized countries, given that cancer treatment is putting medical systemsunder increasing strain. The emergence of advanced yet hugely expensive drugs has prompted discussion onmethodologies for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) that seek to quantify cost and effect. The session benefitedfrom the participation of various stakeholders, including representatives of industry, government and academiaand three speakers from the Republic of Korea, an Asian country where discussion on HTA methodologies isalready advanced. In addition, the session was joined by a representative of National Institute for Health and CareExcellence (NICE) of the United Kingdom, which has pioneered the concept of cost-effectiveness in a medicalcontext. The aim of the session was to advance and deepen understanding of the issue of cost-effectiveness asviewed from medical care systems in different regions.
UICC-ARO
JCA meeting
Cost-Effectiveness
Cancer treatment
Guidelines
2014
01
01
3
10
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28544_8010d5676eaaea8d0cac35872008a510.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
FOXA1: a Promising Prognostic Marker in Breast Cancer
Accurate diagnosis and proper monitoring of cancer patients remain important obstacles for successfulcancer treatment. The search for cancer biomarkers can aid in more accurate prediction of clinical outcomeand may also reveal novel predictive factors and therapeutic targets. One such prognostic marker seems to beFOXA1. Many studies have shown that FOXA1 is strongly expressed in a vast majority of cancers, includingbreast cancer, in which high expression is associated with a good prognosis. In this review, we summarize the roleof this transcription factor in the development and prognosis of breast cancer in the hope of providing insightsinto utility of FOXA1 as a novel biomarker.
FOXA1
Prognosis
Biomarker
breast cancer
Systematic review
2014
01
01
11
16
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28545_54fa719a394a788363abb8df26ff9923.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Roles of PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) in Gastric Cancer Development and Progression
Gastric cancer is highly invasive, aggressively malignant, and amongst the most prevalent of all formsof cancer. Despite improved management strategies, early stage diagnosis of gastric cancer and accurateprognostic assessment is still lacking. Several recent reports have indicated that the pathogenesis of gastriccancer involves complex molecular mechanisms and multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in oncogenesand tumor suppressor genes. Functional inactivation of the tumor suppressor protein PTEN (Phosphatase andTensin Homolog) has been detected in multiple cases of gastric cancer, and already shown to be closely linkedto the development, progression and prognosis of the disease. Inactivation of PTEN can be attributed to genemutation, loss of heterozygosity, promoter hypermethylation, microRNA- mediated regulation of gene expression,and post-translational phosphorylation. PTEN is also involved in mechanisms regulating tumor resistance tochemotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of PTEN and its roles in gastric cancer, andemphasizes its potential benefits in early diagnosis and gene therapy-based treatment strategies.
PTEN
Gastric cancer
Inactivation
Chemoresistance
Gene Therapy
2014
01
01
17
24
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28546_6af2a18e1bffeba5ad022ed9f3d42cb1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Socio-economic Factors Affect the Outcome of Soft Tissue Sarcoma: an Analysis of SEER Data
Background: This study analyzed whether socio-economic factors affect the cause specific survival of soft tissuesarcoma (STS). Methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) soft tissue sarcoma (STS) datawere used to identify potential socio-economic disparities in outcome. Time to cause specific death was computedwith Kaplan-Meier analysis. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used forunivariate and multivariate tests, respectively. The areas under the receiver operating curve were computed forpredictors for comparison. Results: There were 42,016 patients diagnosed STS from 1973 to 2009. The meanfollow up time (S.D.) was 66.6 (81.3) months. Stage, site, grade were significant predictors by univariate tests.Race and rural-urban residence were also important predictors of outcome. These five factors were all statisticallysignificant with Cox analysis. Rural and African-American patients had a 3-4% disadvantage in cause specificsurvival. Conclusions: Socio-economic factors influence cause specific survival of soft tissue sarcoma. Ensuringaccess to cancer care may eliminate the outcome disparities.
Soft tissue sarcoma
SEER data
Socio-Economic Factors
survival
2014
01
01
25
28
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28547_50b5915d451b6a1e74dc6389a0d2ea18.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Expression of Osteopontin in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Correlative Relation with Microvascular Density
Background and Objective: Lung cancer is one of the malignant diseases which most seriously threathumansurvival and development. This study aimed to assess osteopontin (OPN) expression in non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC) and any relationship with clinicopathological features. Methods: Immunohistochemistry wasused to determine OPN expression and microvascular density (MVD) in 120 cases of NSCLC also undergoingclinical assessment. Results: Moderately positive expression of OPN was found in 34.6% (41/120) and strongexpression in 47.5% (57/120) of the NSCLCs; OPN expression in carcinomas was higher than in pericarcinomatissues (P<0.05). While no obvious association was observed with NSCLC patient age, gender, maximum diameterof the tumor and pathological type, OPN expression was more commonly detected in poorly differentiatedcarcinoma tissue and lymph node metastasis as well as at advanced clinical stage (P<0.05); OPN expression incancer tissue was positively correlated with MVD (r = 0.839, P = 0.000). Conclusion: OPN plays an importantrole in promoting tumor angiogenesis and progress of NSCLCs and has the possibility to become the new targetfor therapy.
Lung cancer
Osteopontin
microvascular density
immunohistochemy
2014
01
01
29
32
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28548_e4abe8b4c0700434847c3b534e9dd4e2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Methylation of O6-Methyl Guanine Methyltransferase Gene Promoter in Meningiomas - Comparison between Tumor Grades I, II, and III
Background: Meningiomas are the second most common primary intracranial tumors after gliomas. Epigeneticbiomarkers such as DNA methylation, which is found in many tumors and is thus important in tumorigenesiscan help diagnose meningiomas and predict response to adjuvant chemotherapy. We investigated aberrant O6-methyl guanine methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation in meningiomas. Materials and Methods: Sixty-onepatients were classified according to the WHO grading, and MGMT promoter methylation status was examinedvia the methylation-Specific PCR(MSP) method. Results: MGMT promoter methylation was found in 22.2% ofgrade I, 35% of grade I with atypical features, 36% of grade II, and 42.9% of grade III tumors. Conclusions:There was an increase, albeit not statistically significant, in MGMT methylation with a rise in the tumor grade.Higher methylation levels were also observed in the male gender.
meningioma
methylation
MGMT
cancer
MS- PCR
2014
01
01
33
38
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28549_518994703080873a9405d8d2e1ab065d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Diet and Physical Activity in Relation to Weight Change among Breast Cancer Patients
Background: This study aimed to provide an overview of lifestyle changes after breast cancer diagnosis andto examine the relationship between dietary and physical activity changes with weight changes in breast cancerpatients. Women with breast carcinomas (n=368) were recruited from eight hospitals and four breast cancersupport groups in peninsular Malaysia. Dietary and physical activity changes were measured from a yearpreceding breast cancer diagnosis to study entry. Mean duration since diagnosis was 4.86±3.46 years. Dietarychanges showed that majority of the respondents had decreased their intake of high fat foods (18.8-65.5%), addedfat foods (28.3-48.9%), low fat foods (46.8-80.7%), red meat (39.7%), pork and poultry (20.1-39.7%) and highsugar foods (42.1-60.9%) but increased their intake of fish (42.7%), fruits and vegetables (62.8%) and wholegrains (28.5%). Intake of other food groups remained unchanged. Only a small percentage of the women (22.6%)had increased their physical activity since diagnosis where most of them (16.0%) had increased recreationalactivities. Age at diagnosis (β= -0.20, p= 0.001), and change in whole grain (β= -0.15, p= 0.003) and fish intakes(β= 0.13, p= 0.013) were associated with weight changes after breast cancer diagnosis. In summary, the majorityof the women with breast cancer had changed their diets to a healthier one. However, many did not increasetheir physical activity levels which could improve their health and lower risk of breast cancer recurrence.
Changes in dietary intake and physical activity
breast cancer
Weight change
Malaysian females
2014
01
01
39
44
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28550_c6db578bbc0cc1b41fdbdb5cb5cc939c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Roles of MiR-101 and its Target Gene Cox-2 in Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer in Uygur Women
Aims: Early diagnosis is important for cervical cancer treatment. This study aimed to characteriz themicroRNA profile and target gene protein levels of cervical cancers in Uygur women for application in earlydiagnosis. Methods: The profiles of miRNA in cervical cancer and chronic cervicitis were analyzed withmiRNAmicroarray V4.0. The expression of miR-101 was detected by real-time PCR and locked nucleotideacid in situ hybridization (LNA-ISH). Cox-2 protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results:The microarray identified a set of 12 miRNAs significantly decreased in cervical cancer in comparison to thecontrol group. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed miR-101 to be significantly downregulated in cancer tissues(p<0.05) while LNA-ISH showed miR-101 positive rates of 80% (20/25) and 8% (5/25) (p<0.05) in the controland cervical cancer groups. Cox-2 positive rates of cervical cancer and control groups were 84% (21/25) and8% (2/25) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Use of down-regulation of miR-101 and up-regulation of Cox-2 as markersmay play a role in early diagnosis of cervical cancer in Uygur women.
MicroRNA
cervical cancer
Uygur ethnicity
miR-101
COX-2
2014
01
01
45
48
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28551_7cc0b7e445efd4179c1b3cd50c4423bb.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Physicochemical Characteristics of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanocomposites Based on Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for Anti-cancer Drug Delivery
Background: Hydrogels are a class of polymers that can absorb water or biological fluids and swell to severaltimes their dry volume, dependent on changes in the external environment. In recent years, hydrogels and hydrogelnanocomposites have found a variety of biomedical applications, including drug delivery and cancer treatment.The incorporation of nanoparticulates into a hydrogel matrix can result in unique material characteristics suchas enhanced mechanical properties, swelling response, and capability of remote controlled actuation. Materialsand Methods: In this work, synthesis of hydrogel nanocomposites containing magnetic nanoparticles are studied.At first, magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) with an average size 10 nm were prepared. At second approach, thermoand pH-sensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide -co-methacrylic acid-co-vinyl pyrrolidone) (NIPAAm-MAAVP)were prepared. Swelling behavior of co-polymer was studied in buffer solutions with different pH values(pH=5.8, pH=7.4) at 37˚C. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and doxorubicin were incorporated intocopolymer and drug loading was studied. The release of drug, carried out at different pH and temperatures.Finally, chemical composition, magnetic properties and morphology of doxorubicin-loaded magnetic hydrogelnanocomposites were analyzed by FT- IR, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Results: The results indicated that drug loading efficiency was increased by increasing the drug ratioto polymer. Doxorubicin was released more at 40˚C and in acidic pH compared to that 37˚C and basic pH.Conclusions: This study suggested that the poly (NIPAAm-MAA-VP) magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite couldbe an effective carrier for targeting drug delivery systems of anti-cancer drugs due to its temperature sensitiveproperties.
Magnetic nanocomposite
poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)
doxorubicin
targeted drug delivery
2014
01
01
49
54
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28552_85eccf3f597a06198e2388867b760688.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Factors Predicting Microinvasion in Ductal Carcinoma in situ
Background: Whether sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) should be performed in patients with pure ductalcarcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has been a question of debate over the last decade. The aim of this studywas to identify factors associated with microinvasive disease and determine the criteria for performing SLNB inpatients with DCIS. Materials and Methods: 125 patients with DCIS who underwent surgery between January2000 and December 2008 were reviewed to identify factors associated with DCIS and DCIS with microinvasion(DCISM). Results: 88 patients (70.4%) had pure DCIS and 37 (29.6%) had DCISM. Among 33 DCIS patientswho underwent SLNB, one patient (3.3%) was found to have isolated tumor cells in her biopsy, whereas 1 of 14(37.8%) patients with DCISM had micrometastasis (7.1%). Similarly, of 16 patients (18.2%) with pure DCISand axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) without SLNB, none had lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, of 20patients with DCISM and ALND, only one (5%) had metastasis. In multivariate analysis, the presence of comedonecrosis [relative risk (RR)=4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.6-10.6, P=0.004], and hormone receptor (ER orPR) negativity (RR=4.0, 95%CI=1.5-11, P=0.007), were found to be significantly associated with microinvasion.Conclusions: Our findings suggest patients presenting with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS associated withcomedo necrosis or hormone receptor negativity are more likely to have a microinvasive component in definitivepathology following surgery, and should be considered for SLNB procedure along with patients who will undergomastectomy due to DCIS.
Ductal carcinoma in situ
sentinel lymph node biopsy
microinvasion
2014
01
01
55
60
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28553_18532ddf509f0a4150db17b837f3a4e3.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Prognostic Factors in Adult Patients with Solid Cancers and Bone Marrow Metastases
Background: Solid cancers with bone marrow metastases are rare but lethal. This study aimed to identifyclinical factors predictive of survival in adult patients with solid cancers and bone marrow metastases. Methods:A total of 83 patients were enrolled consecutively between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2012. Bonemarrow metastases were confirmed by biopsies. Patient clinical features and laboratory data were analyzed forassociations. Results: The median age of the patients was 54 years (range, 23–88 years), and 58% were male. The3 most common primary tumor locations were the stomach (32 patients, 39%), prostate (16 patients, 19%), andlungs (12 patients, 15%). The median overall survival was 49 days (range, 3–1423 days). Patients with EasternCooperative Oncology Group performance status 1, cancers of prostate origin, platelet counts over 50,000/ml,and undergoing antitumor therapies had a significantly better prognosis in the multivariate analysis. The mediansurvival times were 173 and 33 days for patients with 2-3 more favorable parameters (n=24) and those with0-1 (n=69), respectively (hazard ratio 0.30; 95% CI 0.17-0.52, p<0.001). Conclusions: Solid cancers with bonemarrow metastases are dismal and incurable diseases. Understanding prognostic factors to these diseases helpsmedical personnel to provide appropriate treatments and better inform patients about outcomes. Antitumortherapies may improve outcomes in selected patient cohorts.
solid cancer
bone marrow metastasis
Prognosis
antitumor therapy
2014
01
01
61
67
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28554_e13bedbea11aefa8961bb5bff18a4ad5.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Simultaneous Blockage of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Cyclooxygenase-2 in a Human Xenotransplanted Lung Cancer Model
The effects of erlotinib combined with celecoxib in a lung cancer xenograft model were here explored witha focus on possible mechanisms. A xenotransplanted lung cancer model was established in nude mice using thehuman lung cancer cell A549 cell line and animals demonstrating tumour growth were randomly divided intofour groups: control, erlotinib, celecoxib and combined (erotinib and celecoxib). The tumor major axis andshort diameter were measured twice a week and after 40 days tissues were collected for immunohistochemicalanalyses of Bcl-2 and Bax positive cells and Western-blotting analyses for the epidermal growth factor recepto(EGFR), P-EGFR, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Tumor size in the combined group was smaller than in theothers (p<0.01) and the percentage of Bcl-2 positive cells was fewer in most cases (p<0.01), while that of Baxpositive cells was greater than in the erlotinib and celecoxib groups (P>0.05). Western blotting showed decreasedexpression of P-EGFR and COX-2 with both erlotinib and celecoxib treatments, but most pronouncedly in thecombined group (P<0.05). Simultaneous blockage of the EGFR and COX-2 signal pathways exerted strongergrowth effects in our human xenotransplanted lung cancer model than inhibition of either pathway alone. Theanti-tumor effects were accompanied by synergetic inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis, activation of p-EGFR andexpression of COX-2.
Lung cancer
erlotinib
Celecoxib
Combination therapy
2014
01
01
69
73
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28555_281a67cb0e86b3d33bde562a749f807f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
DNA Hypermethylation of Cell Cycle (p15 and p16) and Apoptotic (p14, p53, DAPK and TMS1) Genes in Peripheral Blood of Leukemia Patients
Aberrant DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been reported in all major types of leukemiawith potential involvement in the inactivation of regulatory cell cycle and apoptosis genes. However, most ofthe previous reports did not show the extent of concurrent methylation of multiple genes in the four leukemiatypes. Here, we analyzed six key genes (p14, p15, p16, p53, DAPK and TMS1) for DNA methylation usingmethylation specific PCR to analyze peripheral blood of 78 leukemia patients (24 CML, 25 CLL, 12 AML, and17 ALL) and 24 healthy volunteers. In CML, methylation was detected for p15 (11%), p16 (9%), p53 (23%) andDAPK (23%), in CLL, p14 (25%), p15 (19%), p16 (12%), p53 (17%) and DAPK (36%), in AML, p14 (8%), p15(45%), p53 (9%) and DAPK (17%) and in ALL, p15 (14%), p16 (8%), and p53 (8%). This study highlightedan essential role of DAPK methylation in chronic leukemia in contrast to p15 methylation in the acute cases,whereas TMS1 hypermethylation was absent in all cases. Furthermore, hypermethylation of multiple genesper patient was observed, with obvious selectiveness in the 9p21 chromosomal region genes (p14, p15 and p16).Interestingly, methylation of p15 increased the risk of methylation in p53, and vice versa, by five folds (p=0.03)indicating possible synergistic epigenetic disruption of different phases of the cell cycle or between the cell cycleand apoptosis. The investigation of multiple relationships between methylated genes might shed light on tumorspecific inactivation of the cell cycle and apoptotic pathways.
p14
p15
P16
p53
DAPK
TMS1
DNA Methylation
chronic leukemia
Acute leukemia
2014
01
01
75
84
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28452_ddda1bff4d8cdeede3cee576c3f91ba8.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Breast Cancer Association Studies in a Han Chinese Population using 10 European-ancestry-associated Breast Cancer Susceptibility SNPs
Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified various genetic susceptibility loci forbreast cancer based mainly on European-ancestry populations. Differing linkage disequilibrium patterns existbetween European and Asian populations. Methods: Ten SNPs (rs2075555 in COL1A1, rs12652447 in FBXL17,rs10941679 in 5p12/MRPS30, rs11878583 in ZNF577, rs7166081 in SMAD3, rs16917302 in ZNF365, rs311499in 20q13.3, rs1045485 in CASP8, rs12964873 in CDH1 and rs8170 in 19p13.1) were here genotyped in 1009Chinese females (487 patients with breast cancer and 522 control subjects) using the Sequenom MassARRAYiPLEX platform. Association analysis based on unconditional logistic regression was carried out to determinethe odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each SNP. Stratification analyses were carriedout based on the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. Results: Among the 10 SNPs,rs10941679 showed significant association with breast cancer when differences between the case and controlgroups in this Han Chinese population were compared (30.09% GG, 45.4% GA and 23.7% AA; P = 0.012). FourSNPs (rs311499, rs1045485, rs12964873 and rs8170) showed no polymorphisms in our study. The remaining fiveSNPs showed no association with breast cancer in the present population. Immunohistochemical tests showedthat rs2075555 was associated with ER status; the AA genotype showed greater association with ER negativethan ER positive (OR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.29–0.99; P = 0.046). AA of rs7166081 was also associated with ER status,but showed a greater association with ER positive than negative (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.04–2.44; P = 0.031).However, no significant associations were found among the SNPs and PR status. Conclusion: In this study using aHan Chinese population, rs10941679 was the only SNP associated with breast cancer risk, indicating a differencebetween European and Chinese populations in susceptibility loci. Therefore, confirmation studies are necessarybefore utilization of these loci in Chinese.
breast cancer
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
European susceptibility
Chinese population
2014
01
01
85
91
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28453_d4fd7c7f6a1e427d07c2481f5ea04776.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Curcumin Induces Caspase Mediated Apoptosis in JURKAT Cells by Disrupting the Redox Balance
Background: Curcumin has has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-angiogenicactivity in various types of cancer. It has also been shown to induce apoptosis in leukemia cells. We aimed tounravel the role of the redox pathway in Curcumin mediated apoptosis with a panel of human leukemic cells.Materials and Methods: In this study in vitro cytotoxicity of Curcumin was measured by MTT assay and apoptoticeffects were assessed by annexin V/PI, DAPI staining, cell cycle analysis, measurement of caspase activity andPARP cleavage. Effects of Curcumin on intracellular redox balance were assessed using fluorescent probes likeH2DCFDA, JC1 and an ApoGSH Glutathione Detection Kit respectively. Results: Curcumin showed differentialanti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on different human leukemic cell lines in contrast to minimal effectson normal cells. Curcumin induced apoptosis was associated with the generation of intracellular ROS, loss ofmitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular GSH depletion, caspase activation. Conclusions: As Curcumininduces programmed cell death specifically in leukemic cells it holds a great promise as a future therapeuticagent in the treatment of leukemia.
Leukemia
ROS
GSH
mitochondrial membrane motential
Cell cycle
2014
01
01
93
100
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28454_1fdee04737f41fd6a2f861b5fda0b269.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
HE4 as a Serum Biomarker for ROMA Prediction and Prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Background and Purpose: Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has been suggested to be a novel biomarkerof epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The present study aimed to evaluate and compare HE4 with the commonlyused marker, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), in prediction and therapy-monitoring of EOC. Patients andMethods: Serum HE4 concentrations from 123 ovarian cancer patients and 174 controls were measured by Rocheelectrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA). Risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) values werecalculated and assessed. In addition, the prospects of HE4 detection for therapy-monitoring were evaluated inEOC patients. Results: The ROMA score could classify patients into high- and low-risk groups with malignancy.Indeed, lower serum HE4 was significantly associated with successful surgical therapy. Specifically, 38 patientswith EOC exhibited a greater decline of HE4 compared with CA125. In contrast, elevation of HE4 better predictedrecurrence (of 46, 11 patients developed recurrence, and with it increased HE4 serum concentrations) and apoor prognosis than CA125. Conclusions: This study suggests that serum HE4 levels are closely associated withoutcome of surgical therapy and disease prognosis in Chinese EOC patients.
Ovarian Cancer
Biomarker
human epididymis protein 4
CA125
Prognosis
2014
01
01
101
105
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28556_13e4944d6d78a00099a3a25d02c32821.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Indian Parents Prefer Vaccinating their Daughters against HPV at Older Ages
Background: Increasing uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine should be a priority in developingcountries since they suffer 88% of the world’s cervical cancer burden. In many countries studies show that ageat vaccination is an important determinate of parental acceptability. This study explores parental preferenceson age-to-vaccinate for adolescent school-going girls. Materials and Methods: The sample was selected using atwo-stage probability proportional to size cluster sampling methodology. Questionnaires were sent home with arandom sample of 800 adolescent girls attending 12 schools in Mysore to be completed by parents. Descriptivestatistics including frequencies, percentages and proportions were generated for independent variables andbivariate analyses (Chi square test) were used to assess the relationship between independent and appropriateage-to-vaccinate. Results: HPV vaccination acceptability was high at 71%. While 5.3% of parents felt girlsshould be vaccinated by 10 years or younger; 38.3% said 11-15 years; 14.8% said 16-18 years; 5.8% suggestedover 19 years; and 33% didn’t know. Only 2.8% of parents would not vaccinate their daughters. Conclusions:Delaying HPV vaccination until later ages may significantly increase uptake of the HPV vaccine in India.
age
girls
human papillomavirus
Immunization
Vaccine
India
2014
01
01
107
110
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28557_de3176ebcfd3ee3c9de1780a927b8b71.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Identification of a Potential Anticancer Target of Danshensu by Inverse Docking
Objective: To study potential targets of Danshensu via dual inverse docking. Method: PharmMapper andidTarget servers were used as tools, and the results were checked with the molecular docking program autodockvina in PyRx 0.8. Result: The disease-related target HRas was rated top, with a pharmacophore model matchingwell the molecular features of Danshensu. In addition, docking results indicated that the complex was alsomatched in terms of structure, H-bonds, and hydrophobicity. Conclusion: Dual inverse docking indicates thatHRas may be a potential anticancer target of Danshensu. This approach can provide useful information forstudying pharmacological effects of agents of interest.
Danshensu
GTPas HRas
IdTarget
inverse docking
PharmMapper
Pharmacological Agents
2014
01
01
111
116
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28558_66a45e14eb77a29805283d32f02331d0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Clinical Outcome of Turkish Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients with Currently Available Treatment Modalities - Single Center Experience
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-relateddeath among women in the developed countries. Despite advances in screening, improved local therapies andadjuvant systemic treatments, median survival of metastatic breast cancer patients (MBC) is in the range of 2-3years at most. We aimed to investigate whether the prognostic factors and therapeutic responses of our Turkishpatients are similar to those in the literature. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of MBCpatients who had been treated in our institution between 1999-2009 and analyzed their clinicopathological featuresand survival outcomes retrospectively Results: A hundred and sixty patients were included. Median age was47 (23-82), median follow up was 24 (2-186) months. At the time of diagnosis 59% of patients were under theage of 50 and 46% were postmenopausal. The majority (37%) had multiple sites of metastases. Forty percentreceived endocrine therapy and 40% chemotherapy as first line metastatic treatment. Thirty (20%) patientswere treated with molecular targeting agents like trastuzumab, lapatinib and sunitinib, frequently combinedwith a chemotherapy agent. Five-year overall survival (OS) was 32% and median OS was 38 months for thewhole group. Five year progression free survival (PFS) was 10% and median PFS was 10 months. Menopausalstatus, hormone receptor expression and disease free status had a significant impact on overall survival in themultivariate analysis (p 0.018, p 0.018 and p:0.003, respectively). Conclusions: All our patients were treated withthe modern oncologic therapies recommended by the international guidelines. From our data, MBC patientslive up to 3-4 years, indicating that further improvement beyond that requires development of new treatmentmodalities. The survival outcomes of our patients were consistent with the data reported in the literature.
Metastatic breast cancer
Chemotherapy
targeted therapy
survival outcomes
Turkey
2014
01
01
117
122
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28559_767eaaf609cabbaef82b13ea1e211fe7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Genetic Variants at 6p21.1 and 7p15.3 Identified by GWASs of Multiple Cancers and Ovarian Cancer Risk: a Case-control Study in Han Chinese Women
A recent study summarized several published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of cancer and reportedtwo pleiotropic loci at 6p21.1 and 7p15.3 contributing to multiple cancers including lung cancer, noncardia gastriccancer (NCGC), and esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Han Chinese. However, it is not knownwhether such genetic variants have similar effects on the risk of gynecologic cancers, such as ovarian cancer.Hence, we explored associations between genetic variants in 6p21.1 and 7p15.3 and ovarian cancer risk in HanChinese women. We performed an independent case-control study by genotyping the two loci (rs2494938 A > Gat 6p21.1 and rs2285947 A > G at 7p15.3) in a total of 377 ovarian cancer cases and 1,034 cancer-free controlsusing TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. We found that rs2285947 at 7p15.3 was significantly associated withrisk of ovarian cancer with per allele odds ratio (OR) of 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.64, P=0.008].However, no significant association was observed between rs2494938 and ovarian cancer risk. Our results showedthat rs2285947 at 7p15.3 may also contribute to the development of ovarian cancer in Han Chinese women,further suggesting pleiotropy of 7p15.3 in multiple cancers.
Ovarian Cancer
Chinese women
GWASs
Single nucleotide polymorphism
7p15.3
2014
01
01
123
127
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28560_9af822bae073573d71ec2ec7200d4309.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Levels of Serum 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D in Benign and Malignant Breast Masses
Background: The true association between breast cancer and vitamin D is currently under investigation.We compared serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels in women with benign and malignant breast masses andcontrols. Materials and Methods: Levels of vitamin D were measured by electrochemiluminescense. Serum levels>35 ng/ml, 25-35 ng/ml, 12.5-25 ng/ml and <12.5 ng/ml were considered as normal, mild, moderate and severevitamin D deficiency, respectively. Results: Overall, 364 women were included in the control, 172 in the benignand 136 in the malignant groups. The median serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in breast cancersthan controls. Levels were also lower in malignant than benign cases and in benign cases than controls althoughstatistically non-significant. Conclusions: Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that severe vitamin Ddeficiency causes a three-fold increase in the risk of breast cancer while this was not the case for moderate andmild deficiency.
Breast Neoplasm
breast mass
cancer
Vitamin D
25(OH)-vitamin D
2014
01
01
129
132
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28561_b6b315dc103fc03b445088bcdfa0cd54.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Exploratory Study of Factors Affecting Continuity of Cancer Care: Iranian Women’s Perceptions
Background: Today, breast cancer is increasing in nearly all societies. Currently, cancers are the third leadingcause of death in Iran after cardiovascular diseases and accidents. Of the cancers, breast cancer is spreadingparticularly rapidly among Iranian women. Negative effects of discontinuation of care on patient survivalhave been well documented. Inhibiting or facilitating factors affecting continuity of care at different stagesof the patient care continuum should be identified. Materials and Methods: The current study implementeda qualitative method that provided tools to examine factors in detail. This study was conducted on 22 women,undergoing surgery and chemotherapy after being diagnosed with breast cancer. Content analysis was thetechnique adopted. Results: The effective factors in continuity of care from the patients’ perception, based on theparticipant statements, were classified into three categories of evaluation of symptoms, psychological reactions,and care triggers with several subcategories. Conclusions: According to the outcomes of the current study, itcan be noted that, the patient experiences can be brought into use by health-care professionals and assist themin providing patient sand their families with adequate consulting services. It can also provide an opportunityfor making interventions tailored to the community culture, and closer adherence of patients to the prescribedtreatments.
breast cancer
Patient care
Continuity
factors
Iranian females
2014
01
01
133
137
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28562_b53aaa2996d20568e0c727d2940547b2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Elevated Platelets Enhance Cancer Cell Migration, Promote Hematogenous Metastasis and Associate with a Poor Prognosis in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cases
Although correlations between platelets and lung cancer has been recognized, effects on non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC) metastasis remain to be determined in detail. In the present study, wound healing assays revealeda role of platelets in NSCLC cell migration . Thus the mean migration rate of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cellswas significantly elevated after co-culture with platelets (81.7±0.45% vs 41.0±3.50%, P<0.01). Expression ofGAPDH was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to study the effect of platelets onNSCLC cell proliferation. The result showed that the proliferation of A549 and SPC-A1 cells was not affected.Mouse models were established by transfusing A549 cells and SPC-A1 cells into mice lateral tail veins. Wefound tumor metastasis nodules in lungs to be increased significantly after co-transfusion with platelets (inA549, 4.33±0.33 vs 0.33±0.33, P=0.01; in SPC-A1, 2.67±0.33 vs 0.00±0.00, P=0.01). In addition, consecutiveinoperable patients with newly diagnosed NSCLC (TNM stage III or IV) between January 2009 and December2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, NSCLC patients with a high platelet countsdemonstrated a significantly shorter progression free survival compared with those with a low platelet count(>200×109/L, 3 months versus ≤200×109/L, 5 months, P=0.001). An elevated platelet count was also identified asan independent prognostic factor by Cox regression analysis for prgression free survival (adjusted hazard ratio:1.69; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.46; P=0.006). This study suggested that platelets might contribute to the hematogenousmetastatic process by promoting cancer cell migration, which eventually affects the prognosis of NSCLC.
Platelets
Non-small cell lung carcinoma
Metastasis
survival
Prognosis
2014
01
01
139
143
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28563_ca826799dd62d2883e238f7b785f32b4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
A Genetic Variant in MiR-146a Modifies Digestive System Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) negatively regulate gene expression and act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes inoncogenesis. The association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in miR-146a rs2910164 andsusceptibility to digestive system cancers was inconsistent in previous studies. In this study, we conducted aliterature search of PubMed to identify all relevant studies published before August 31, 2013. A total of 21independent case-control studies were included in this updated meta-analysis with 9,558 cases and 10,614controls. We found that the miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased riskof digestive system cancers in an allele model (OR=0.90, 95%CI 0.87-0.94), homozygote model (OR=0.84, 95%CI0.77-0.91), dominant model (OR=0.90, 95%CI 0.84-0.96), and recessive model (OR=0.85, 95%CI 0.79-0.91), whilein a heterozygous model (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.89-1.11) the association showed marginal significance. Subgroupanalysis by cancer site revealed decreased risk in colorectal cancer above allele model (OR=0.90, 95%CI 0.83-0.97) and homozygote model (OR=0.85, 95%CI 0.72-1.00). Similarly, decreased cancer risk was observed whencompared with allele model (OR=0.87, 95%CI 0.81-0.93) and recessive model (OR=0.81, 95%CI 0.72-0.90) ingastric cancer. When stratified by ethnicity, genotyping methods and quality score, decreased cancer risks werealso observed. This current meta-analysis indicated that miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism may decrease thesusceptibility to digestive system cancers, especially in Asian populations.
miR-146a
Polymorphism
digestive system cancers risk
Meta-analysis
Asians
2014
01
01
145
150
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28564_ba684e8564fb2b705fdcb307c20b2f72.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Lung Cancer in Women: A Single Institution Experience with 50 Patients
Background: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The incidence oflung cancer is aproximately 7-8 thousand percent in Turkish women. In this study, we aimed to evaluate theclinical, pathological properties and survival data of female patients with lung cancer who were treated in ourcenter. Materials and Methods: From 2007 to 2012, 50 women with lung cancer were enrolled. Patient data wereevaluated retrospectively. Results: The median age was 61 (40-81). Forty patients (80%) were diagnosed withnon small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 10 patients (20%) were small cell carcinoma (SCC). Twelve (24%) patientswere smokers and 13 of 16 non-smokers had a history of exposure to asbestos. The most common histologicsubtype was adenocarcinoma (46%) and this accounted for 71% in patients with exposure to asbestos. The mostcommon initial Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score was 1 (24 patients, 48%) andinitial stage was IV (25 patients, 50%) in the study group. During the median 15 months (1-96 months) followupperiod: 1 year overall survival (OS) was 68%, 2yearoverall survival was 36% and the median survival time was19 months. According to univariate analysis, poor ECOG performance status, advanced stage, anemia and weightloss at time of diagnosis were negative prognostic factors. However, adenocarcinoma sub-type was a positiveprognostic factor. Conclusions: In this study NSCLC sub-type, poor ECOG performance score, advanced stage,anemia and weight loss were prognostic factors in Turkish women with lung cancer.
Chemotherapy
female gender
Prognosis
Lung cancer
survival
Turkey
2014
01
01
151
154
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28565_cc6f17af4d6cf36a49e10bf7466384ce.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Turkish Female Academician Self-Esteem and Health Beliefs for Breast Cancer Screening
Purpose: This study aimed to analyse female academician health beliefs for breast cancer screening and levelsof self-esteem. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2010 andMarch 2011, covering female academicians working in all faculties and vocational schools at Ondokuz MayisUniversity, except for the ones in the field of health (n=141). Data was collected using a questionnaire developedby researchers in the light of the related literature, the Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale for Breast Cancer,and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Descriptive statistics, the t-test, Mann-Whitney U and correlationanalysis were used to analyze the data with the SPSS 13.0 statistical package. Results: 53.8% of the participantswere single, 58.6% did not have children, 80.7% had regular menstrual cycles, 28.3% was taking birth controlpills, 17.9% were undergoing hormone therapy, 11% suffered breast problems, 8.3% had relatives with breastcancer, 78,6% knew about breast self-examination (BSE), 68.3% was performing BSE, 16.2% were performingBSE monthly, 17.9% had had mammograms, and 30.3% had undergone breast examinations conductedbyphysicians. The women who had breast physical examinations done by physicians had higher susceptibility,self-efficacy and health motivation, and fewer barriers to mammography than those who did not have breastphysical examinations. Conclusions: There was a relationship between the female academician self-esteem andtheir perceived seriousness of breast cancer, perceived barriers to BSE and health motivation. Our Turksihfemale academicians had medium levels of self-esteem.
Health beliefs
Breast Cancer Screening
Self-esteem
female academicians
Turkey
2014
01
01
155
160
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28566_395183c513988da0766e0ff4dada45d6.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Monitoring microRNAs Using a Molecular Beacon in CD133+/CD338+ Human Lung Adenocarcinoma-initiating A549 Cells
Lung cancer is the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and a lack of effective methodsfor early diagnosis has greatly impacted the prognosis and survival rates of the affected patients. Tumor-initiatingcells (TICs) are considered to be largely responsible for tumor genesis, resistance to tumor therapy, metastasis,and recurrence. In addition to representing a good potential treatment target, TICs can provide clues for the earlydiagnosis of cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) alterations are known to be involved in the initiation and progressionof human cancer, and the detection of related miRNAs in TICs is an important strategy for lung cancer earlydiagnosis. As Hsa-miR-155 (miR-155) can be used as a diagnostic marker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),a smart molecular beacon of miR-155 was designed to image the expression of miR-155 in NSCLC cases. TICsexpressing CD133 and CD338 were obtained from A549 cells by applying an immune magnetic bead isolationsystem, and miR-155 was detected using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. We found that intracellular miR-155 could be successfully detected using smart miR-155 molecular beacons. Expression was higher in TICsthan in A549 cells, indicating that miR-155 may play an important role in regulating bio-behavior of TICs. Asa non-invasive approach, molecular beacons could be implemented with molecular imaging to diagnose lungcancer at early stages.
MicroRNA
non-small cell lung cancer
tumor-initiating cell
molecular beacon
molecular imaging
2014
01
01
161
166
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28567_83e04e5e4495857f1f81777c47ee2b16.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Barbigerone Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis, Growth and Metastasis in Melanoma
Tumor angiogenesis, growth and metastasis are three closely related processes. We therefore investigated theeffects of barbigerone on all three in the B16F10 tumor model established in both zebrafish and mouse models,and explored underlying molecular mechanisms. In vitro, barbigerone inhibited B16F10 cell proliferation,survival, migration and invasion and suppressed human umbilical vascular endothelial cell migration, invasionand tube formation in concentration-dependent manners. In the transgenic zebrafish model, treatment with10μM barbigerone remarkably inhibited angiogenesis and tumor-associated angiogenesis by reducing blood vesseldevelopment more than 90%. In vivo, barbigerone significantly suppressed angiogenesis as measured by H andE staining of matrigel plugs and CD31 staining of B16F10 melanoma tumors in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore,it exhibited highly potent activity at inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis to the lung of B16F10 melanomacells injected into C57BL/6 mice. Western blotting revealed that barbigerone inhibited phosphorylation of AKT,FAK and MAPK family members, including ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs, in B16F10 cells mainly through theMEK3/6/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. These findings suggested for the first time that barbigerone could inhibittumor-angiogenesis, tumor growth and lung metastasis via downregulation of the MEK3/6/p38 MAPK signalingpathway. The findings support further investigation of barbigerone as a potential anti-cancer drug.
Barbigerone
Metastasis
Angiogenesis
p38 MAP kinase
melanoma cancer
2014
01
01
167
174
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28568_df6f4a471f2f0c820c0c241632d6c96f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Low Lung Cancer Resection Rates in a Tertiary Level Thoracic Center in Nepal - Where Lies Our Problem?
Background: Resection rates of lung cancer are low in general and especially in countries like Nepal. Advancedstage at presentation and poor general condition of the patient are the usual causes. Materials and Methods: Inthis prospective observational study, one hundred cases of lung cancer who presented at the Thoracic Surgery Unitbetween October 2011 and October 2012 were included. Results: Those aged in the 6th and 7th decades togetheraccounted for 72/100 patients. The male to female ratio was 2:1. There was a mean-29.2±14.2 pack yrs smokinghistory with only five non-smokers. Seventy-six patients presented with locally advanced disease while 21 hadmetastases. Only three had local disease. The average time between onset of symptoms to first contact with adoctor was 2.3±5.3 months (range: 0-35.6 months). Average time between first contact to referral was 50.4±65.7days (range-0-365). Only three patients were resected, one after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Advanced diseasewas the cause of unresectability in 95 cases. One of three patients with local disease had pulmonary functionsallowing the warranted resection. N2 disease with T1-3 on CT scan was found in 47. Three of these patientsunderwent mediastinoscopy and all confirmed uninvolved N2. Conclusions: Lung resection rates in our centerremain low. Late presentation leading to advanced disease and poor pulmonary reserves preclude resection inmost cases. More liberal use of mediastinal staging and better assessment of pulmonary functions may allow usto improve resection rates.
Lung cancer
mediastinoscopy
pulmonary functions
Resection
2014
01
01
175
178
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28569_13ae8b9e4aa18a6cbab356ee3eda43bb.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Curcumin and its Analogues (PGV-0 and PGV-1) Enhance Sensitivity of Resistant MCF-7 Cells to Doxorubicin through Inhibition of HER2 and NF-kB Activation
Chemoresistance of breast cancer to doxorubicin is mediated mainly through activation of NF-kB and overexpression of HER2. Curcumin and its analogues (PGV-0 and PGV-1) exert cytotoxic effects on T47D breastcancer cells. Suppression of NF-kB activation is suggested to contribute to this activity. The present studyaimed to explore the effects of curcumin, PGV-0, and PGV-1 singly and in combination with doxorubicin onMCF-7/Dox cells featuring over-expression of HER2. In MTT assays, curcumin, PGV-0, and PGV-1 showedcytotoxicity effects against MCF-7/Dox with IC50 values of 80 μM, 21 μM, and 82 μM respectively. Thesecompounds increased MCF-7/Dox sensitivity to doxorubicin. Cell cycle distribution analysis exhibited that thecombination of curcumin and its analogues with Dox increased sub G-1 cell populations. Curcumin and PGV-1but not PGV-0 decreased localization of p65 into the nucleus induced by Dox, indicating that activation of NFkBwas inhibited. Molecular docking of curcumin, PGV-0, and PGV-1 demonstrated high affinity to HER2 atATP binding site. This interaction were directly comparable with those of ATP and lapatinib. These findingssuggested that curcumin, PGV-0 and PGV-1 enhance the Dox cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells through inhibition ofHER2 activity and NF-kB activation.
Curcumin and its analogues
HER2
MCF-7/Dox cells
NF-KB
2014
01
01
179
184
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28570_fc796a2ea350beaf775e2c0036661e44.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Expression Profiles of Loneliness-associated Genes for Survival Prediction in Cancer Patients
Influence of loneliness on human survival has been established epidemiologically, but genomic researchremains undeveloped. We identified 34 loneliness-associated genes which were statistically significant for highlonelyand low-lonely individuals. With the univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, we obtainedcorresponding regression coefficients for loneliness-associated genes fo individual cancer patients. Furthermore,risk scores could be generated with the combination of gene expression level multiplied by correspondingregression coefficients of loneliness-associated genes. We verified that high-risk score cancer patients had shortermean survival time than their low-risk score counterparts. Then we validated the loneliness-associated genesignature in three independent brain cancer cohorts with Kaplan-Meier survival curves (n=77, 85 and 191),significantly separable by log-rank test with hazard ratios (HR) >1 and p-values <0.0001 (HR=2.94, 3.82, and1.78). Moreover, we validated the loneliness-associated gene signature in bone cancer (HR=5.10, p-value=4.69e-3),lung cancer (HR=2.86, p-value=4.71e-5), ovarian cancer (HR=1.97, p-value=3.11e-5), and leukemia (HR=2.06,p-value=1.79e-4) cohorts. The last lymphoma cohort proved to have an HR=3.50, p-value=1.15e-7. Lonelinessassociatedgenes had good survival prediction for cancer patients, especially bone cancer patients. Our studyprovided the first indication that expression of loneliness-associated genes are related to survival time of cancerpatients.
Loneliness-associated genes
expression profile
hazards ratios
cancer patients
survival
2014
01
01
185
190
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28571_4a49443958bc2e86aeb9ff99d09363d1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Time Trends of Ovarian Cancer Incidence in China
The aim of this study was to examine the trend of ovary cancer incidence from 1999 to 2010 in China andpredict the burden up to 2020. Crude incidence, age specific incidence and age-adjusted incidence rates werecalculated. Joinpoint regression was performed to obtain estimated annual percentages and Bayesian age-periodcohortmodeling was used to predict the incidence rate until the year 2020. In China, the crude rate of ovarycancer was 7.91/100,000 and the age-adjusted rate was 5.35/100,000 overall during period 1999-2010. The ratesin urban regions were higher than in rural regions. A significant rising trend during 1999-2006 was followedby a drop during 2006-2010 in age-adjusted rates for urban females. In contrast, constant rise was observed inrural women. The decrease in ovary cancer of urban areas tended to be restricted to women aged 50 years andyounger. In contrast, increases of ovary cancer in rural areas appeared in virtually all age groups. Although theage-adjusted incidence rate for ovary cancer was predicted to be reduced after year 2011, the crude rate waslikely to be relative stable up to 2020. The burden of ovary cancer in China will continue to be relative stabledue to the aging population.
Ovarian Cancer
Incidence
Trends
age-dependence
Rural
urban
China
2014
01
01
191
193
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28572_4d3670c40fdb17a8309e6aaddf44e064.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Evaluation of Endometrial Precancerous Lesions in Postmenopausal Obese Women - A High Risk Group?
Aim: To evaluate precancerous lesions such as hyperplasia and endometrial polyps in obese postmenopausalwomen. Materials and Methods: Women who were referred with abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausalperiod or the presence of endometrial cells on cervical cytology in our department were investigated.Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, body mass index, waist/hip ratio and endometrialthickness were compared between a precancerous lesion (hyperplasia and endometrial polyp) group and apathologically normal group. Results: We detected statistically significant thickening of endometrium in patientswith precancerous lesions. Moreover patients with precancerous lesions had higher body mass index than thepathologically normal group. Conclusions: We found elevated precancerous lesion rates in overweight and obesewomen in the postmenopausal period, of interest given that the prevalence of obesity is increasing in most partsof the world. Although screening for endometrial cancer is not recommended for the general population, inhigh-risk populations like obese postmenopausal women, it may be very important.
Endometrial hyperplasia
endometrial polyp
menopause
Obesity
high risk group
2014
01
01
195
198
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28573_f5cee687dafb30f3aba72a119ebb3027.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Possible Anticancer Activity of Rosuvastatine, Doxazosin, Repaglinide and Oxcarbazepin
Background: Rosuvastatine, doxazosin, repaglinide and oxcarbazepin are therapeutic drugs available in themarket for the treatment of different diseases. Potential to display antitumor activities has also been suggested.The aim of the current study was to evaluate their in vitro effects on some human transformed cell lines. Materialsand Methods: Cytotoxicity of the four drugs was tested in MCF-7, HeLa and HepG2 cells by the neutral red assaymethod and also the effect of rosuvastatine and doxazosin against Ehrlich Ascities Carcinoma Cells (EACC) bytrypan blue assay. Results: Rosuvastatine exerted the greatest cytotoxic effect against HepG2 cells with an IC50value of 58.7±69.3; in contrast doxazosin showed least activity with IC50=104.4 ±115.7. Repaglinide inhibited thegrowth of both HepG2 and HeLa cells with IC50 values of 87.6±117.5 and 89.3±119.5, respectively. Oxcarbazepineshowed a potent cytotoxicity against both HeLa (IC50=19.4±43.9) and MCF7 cancer cells ((IC50=22±35.7).On theother hand the growth of EACC was completely inhibited by doxazosine (100% inhibition) while rosuvastatinehad weak inhibitory activity (11.6%) . Conclusions: The four tested drugs may have cytotoxic effects againsthepatic, breast and cervical carcinoma cells; also doxazosine may inhibit the growth of endometrial cancer cells.Further investigations in animals are needed to confirm these results.
Rosuvastatine
doxazosin
Repaglinide
oxcarbazepin
Cell lines
in vitro anticancer chemosensitivity
2014
01
01
199
203
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28574_a3522803633347d10e1d7afb8517d3e8.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Subsequent Treatment Choices for Patients with Acquired Resistance to EGFR-TKIs in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Restore after a Drug Holiday or Switch to another EGFR-TKI?
The outcomes of first-generation EGFR-TKIs (Gefitnib and Erlotinib) have shown great advantages overtraditional treatment strategies in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but unfortunately wehave to face the situation that most patients still fail to respond in the long term despite initially good control.Up to now, the mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs has not been fully clarified. Herein, we soughtto compile the available clinical reports in the hope to better understanding the subsequent treatment choices,particularly on whether restoring after a drug holiday or switching to another EGFR-TKI is the better optionafter failure of one kind of EGFR-TKI.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
EGFR-TKIs
gefitnib
erlotinib
Acquired resistance
Failure
2014
01
01
205
213
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28575_ea593915e9e0d205536f6d43c7ee0213.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Expression of the E-cadherin/β-catenin/tcf-4 Pathway in Gastric Diseases with Relation to Helicobacter pylori Infection: Clinical and Pathological Implications
Objective: To determine the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and transcription factor 4 (TCF4) proteinsin gastric diseases with relation to Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods: A total of 309 patients including 60 withsuperficial gastritis (SG), 57 with atrophic gastritis (AG) and 192 with gastric cancer (GC), were enrolled. Theexpression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, TCF4 proteins in the gastric mucosa was detected by immunohistochemistryand H. pylori infection by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Results: The expression rates of E-cadherin weresignificantly higher in SG and AG than in GC (P<0.01), while those of β-catenin in the nucleus were significantlylower in SG and AG than in GC (P<0.05). In GC cases, the expression rates of E-cadherin, β-catenin and TCF4were significantly higher in the intestinal type than in the diffuse type (P<0.05). In GC patients, the expressionrate of E-cadherin was significantly higher in the presence of H. pylori than in the absence of infection (P=0.011).Moreover, the expression level of TCF4 and β-catenin protein was significantly higher in the nucleus and cytoplasmin H. pylori positive than in H. pylori negative GC patients, especially in those with the intestinal type (all P <0.05). Conclusion: The expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin progressively decreases during the process of GCtumorigenesis, while overexpression of TCF4 occurs. H. pylori infection is associated with a significant increasein the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in the cytoplasm and nucleus in GC patients, especially those withthe intestinal type.
Gastric cancer
H. pylori
E-cadherin
β-catenin
transcription factor 4
2014
01
01
215
220
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28576_c127562adb3db23512a40a24fe9c08e1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Clinical Significance of Co-expression of Aberrant Antigens in Acute Leukemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Makah Al Mukaramah, Saudi Arabia
Background: Aberrant phenotypes in acute leukemia have variable frequency and their prognostic andpredictive relevance is controversial, despite several reports of clinical significance. Aims: To determinethe prevalence of aberrant antigen expression in acute leukemia, assess clinical relevance and demonstrateimmunophenotype-karyotype correlations. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 (40 AML and 33 ALL) newlydiagnosed acute leukemia cases presenting to KAMC, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were included. Diagnosis wasbased on WHO criteria and FAB classification. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, conventional karyotypingand fluorescence in situ hybridization for gene rearrangements were performed. Results: Aberrant antigens weredetected in 27/40 (67.5%) of AML and in 14/33 (42.4%) in ALL cases. There were statistically significant higherTLC in Ly+ AML than in Ly-AML (p=0.05) and significant higher blast count in ALL with aberrant antigensat presentation and day 14 (p=0.005, 0.046). There was no significant relation to clinical response, relapse freesurvival (RFS) or overall survival (p>0.05), but AML cases expressing ≥2 Ly antigens showed a lower medianRFS than those expressing a single Ly antigen. In AML, CD 56 was expressed in 11/40. CD7 was expressed in7/40, having a significant relation with an unfavorable cytogenetic pattern (p=0.046). CD4 was expressed in 5/40.CD19 was detected in 4/40 AML associated with M2 and t (8; 21). In ALL cases, CD33 was expressed in 7/33and CD13 in 5/33. Regarding T Ag in B-ALL CD2 was expressed in 2 cases and CD56 in 3 cases. Conclusions:Aberrant antigen expression may be associated with adverse clinical data at presentation. AML cases expressing≥2 Ly antigens may have shorter median RFS. No specific cytogenetic pattern is associated with aberrant antigenexpression but individual antigens may be related to particular cytogenetic patterns. Immunophenotype-karyotypecorrelations need larger studies for confirmation.
Aberrant antigen
Flow Cytometry
AML
ALL
Prognosis
cytogenetics
2014
01
01
221
227
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28577_8c93b3638f7797447166bba77a9126d6.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Dentists’ Perception of the Role they Play in Early Detection of Oral Cancer
Background: Dentists are typically the first professionals who are approached to treat ailments within the oralcavity. Therefore they should be well-equipped in detecting suspicious lesions during routine clinical practice.This study determined the levels of knowledge on early signs and risk factors associated with oral cancer andidentified which factors influenced dentist participation in prevention and early detection of oral cancer. Materialsand Methods: A survey on dentists’ knowledge and their practices in prevention and early detection of oralcancer was conducted using a 26-item self-administered questionnaire. Results and Conclusions: A responserate of 41.7% was achieved. The level of knowledge on early signs and risk habits associated with oral cancerwas high and the majority reported to have conducted opportunistic screening and advised patients on riskhabit cessation. Factors that influenced the dentist in practising prevention and early detection of oral cancerwere continuous education on oral cancer, age, nature of practice and recent graduation. Notably, dentists werereceptive to further training in the area of oral cancer detection and cessation of risk habits. Taken together,the study demonstrated that the dental clinic is a good avenue to conduct programs on opportunistic screening,and continuous education in these areas is necessary to adequately equip dentists in running these programs.Further, this study also highlighted knowledge deficits and practice shortcomings which will help in planning anddeveloping programs that further encourage better participation of dentists in prevention and early detectionof oral cancer.
oral cancer
oral cancer awareness
early detection and prevention
dentist
opportunistic screening
2014
01
01
229
237
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28578_a018e5689fe984a305e26a27d5bea0ea.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Overexpression of NDRG2 Can Inhibit Neuroblastoma Cell Proliferation through Negative Regulation by CYR61
Several recent studies have showed that the n-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a new tumorsuppressor gene, and that it plays an important role in tumor suppression in several cancers or cancer cell lines.However, few studies focused on its function in neuroblastoma cells. In the present investigation, we demonstratedthat NDRG2 overexpression inhibited their proliferation. Using a cDNA microarray, we found that overexpressionof NDRG2 inhibited the expression of cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61), a proliferation related gene. From ourresearch, CYR61 may partially hinder NDRG2-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation. Overexpression ofNDRG2 resulted in accumulation of cells in the G1 phase, which was accompanied by upregulation of p21 andp27 and downregulation of CDK4 and cyclin D1. Taken together, these data indicate that NDRG2 inhibits theproliferation of neuroblastoma cells partially through suppression of CYR61. Our findings offer novel insightsinto the physiological roles of NDRG2 in neuroblastoma cell proliferation, and NDRG2 may prove to be effectivecandidate for the treatment of children with neuroblastoma.
NDRG2
CYR61
neuroblastoma
Proliferation
2014
01
01
239
244
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28579_35598f17cce1739cd3e5b50b84729b1c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Significance of Expression of Human METCAM/MUC18 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas and Metastatic Lesions
Human METCAM/MUC18, a cell adhesion molecule (CAM) in the immunoglobulin-like gene super family,plays a dual role in the progression of several epithelium cancers; however, its role in the nasopharyngealcarcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. To initiate the study we determined human METCAM/MUC18 expression intissue samples of normal nasopharynx (NP), NPCs, and metastatic lesions, and in two established NPC cell lines.Immunoblotting analysis was used for the determination in lysates of frozen tissues, and immunohistochemistry(IHC) for expression in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 7 normal nasopharynx specimens, 94NPC tissue specimens, and 3 metastatic lesions. Human METCAM/MUC18 was expressed in 100% of the normalNP, not expressed in 73% of NPC specimens (or expressed at very low levels in only about 27% of NPC specimens),and expressed again in all of the metastatic lesions. The level of human METCAM/MUC18 expression in NPCtissues was about one fifth of that in the normal NP and metastatic lesions. The low level of human METCAM/MUC18 expression in NPC specimens was confirmed by a weak signal of RT-PCR amplification of the mRNA.Low expression levels of human METCAM/MUC18 in NPC tissues were also reflected in the seven establishedNPC cell lines. These findings provided the first evidence that diminished expression of human METCAM/MUC18is an indicator for the emergence of NPC, but increased expression then occurs with metastatic progression,suggesting that huMETCAM/MUC18, perhaps similar to TGF-β, may be a tumor suppressor, but a metastasispromoter for NPC.
HuMETCAM/MUC18
immunoblot
immunohistochemistry
RT-PCR
NPC progression
2014
01
01
245
252
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28580_6025b390867b092c3db2e22a2c69a080.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Haematologic Parameters in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Capecitabine Combination Therapy
Background: The standard treatment in the metastatic colorectal cancer consists of 5-FU based infusionalregimens. However, with oral fluoropyrimidines, equal tumor responses may be obtained. Capecitabine causesmacrocytosis of the cells by inhibition of DNA synthesis. In this context, a relationship was found between meancorpuscular volume (MCV) and response to therapy in breast cancer patients treated with Capecitabine, butwhether this relationship also pertains in colorectal cancer has not been established. Materials and Methods: Atotal of 102 metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with a oxaliplatin (XELOX)±Bevacizumab combinationwere retrospectively evaluated. Patients were randomized into three groups. Hematological parameters (MCV,MPV, PCT, PLT, NLR) were recorded retrospectively, before treatment and after 3 cycles of chemotherapy.Results: After three cycles of therapy, 20 (19.6%) patients had progressive disease (PD), 41 (40.1%) hadstable disease (SD), and 41 (40.1%) demonstrated a partial response (PR). In 62 (60.7%) treatment was withcapesitabin plus XELOX therapy, and in 40 (39.2%) it was XELOX-Bevacizumab combination therapy. Therewas no difference among three groups before the treatment in terms of MCV, MPV, PCT, PLT, and NLR.MCV showed significant increase in chemotherapy response groups (PR and SD). In addition, a significantdecrease was observed for platelet count in chemotherapy response groups. While NLR decrease was seen inonly a PR group, PCT decrease was observed in all three groups. PCT and PLT values were higher in patientsreceiving Bevacizumab. Conclusions: PLT, PCT, MPV, and NLR values were decreased due to Capecitabinebasedchemotherapy, however MCV was increased. PCT and PLT values were higher in patients who receivedBevacizumab than those who did not. MCV, PLT, and NLR can be considered as important factors in predictingresponse to colorectal carcinoma treatment.
colorectal cancer
chemotherapy response
MCV
PLT
NLR
2014
01
01
253
256
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28581_3fc8a46389d0276c5ed9bb5a32801ee0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Association of +405C>G and +936C>T Polymorphisms of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene with Sporadic Breast Cancer in North Indians
Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an endothelial cell specific mitogen, has beenimplicated as a critical factor influencing tumor related angiogenesis. The aim of present study was to evaluatethe relationship between VEGF +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms of VEGF with risk of breast cancerin Punjab, India. Materials and Methods: We screened DNA samples of 192 sporadic breast cancer patientsand 192 unrelated healthy, gender and age matched control individuals for VEGF +936C>T and +405C>Gpolymorphisms using the PCR-RFLP method. Results: For the VEGF +405C>G polymorphism, we observedsignificantly increased frequency of GG genotype in cases as compared to controls and strong association of+405GG genotype was observed with three fold risk for breast cancer (OR=3.07; 95%CI 1.41-6.65; p=0.003).For the +936C>T polymorphism, significant associations of CT and combined CT+TT genotypes were observedwith elevated risk of breast cancer (p=0.021; 0.023). The combined genotype combinations of GG-CC and GGCTof +405C>G and +936C>T polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with increased risk ofbreast cancer (p=0.04; 0.0064). Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated significant associationsof VEGF +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms with increased breast cancer risk in patients from Punjab,North India.
Breast cancer - VEGF - polymorphisms - angiogenesis - Punjab
North India
2014
01
01
257
263
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28582_70fe3e01a1b1933d1bfffa9507610438.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Interleukin-7 Enhances the in Vivo Anti-tumor Activity of Tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells with Induction of IFN-gamma in a Murine Breast Cancer Model
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a potent anti-apoptotic cytokine that enhances immune effector cell functionsand is essential for lymphocyte survival. While it known to induce differentiation and proliferation in somehaematological malignancies, including certain types of leukaemias and lymphomas, little is known about itsrole in solid tumours, including breast cancer. In the current study, we investigated whether IL-7 could enhancethe in vivo antitumor activity of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells with induction of IFN-γ in a murine breast cancermodel. Human IL-7 cDNA was constructed into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1, and then therecombinational pcDNA3.1-IL-7 was intratumorally injected in the TM40D BALB/C mouse graft model. Serumand intracellular IFN-γ levels were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. CD8+ T cell-mediatedcytotoxicity was analyzed using the MTT method. Our results showed that IL-7 administration significantlyinhibited tumor growth from day 15 after direct intratumoral injection of pcDNA3.1-IL-7. The anti-tumoreffect correlated with a marked increase in the level of IFN-γ and breast cancer cells-specific CTL cytotoxicity.In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that IL-7-treatment could augment cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells fromtumor bearing mice, while anti-IFN-γ blocked the function of CD8+ T cells, suggesting that IFN-γ mediated thecytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, in vivo neutralization of CD8+ T lymphocytes by CD8 antibodiesreversed the antitumor benefit of IL-7. Thus, we demonstrated that IL-7 exerts anti-tumor activity mainly throughactivating CD8+ T cells and stimulating them to secrete IFN-γ in a murine breast tumor model. Based on theseresults, our study points to a potential novel way to treat breast cancer and may have important implicationsfor clinical immunotherapy.
Interleukin-7
breast cancer
CD8+ T cells
IFN-γ
anti-tumor activity
2014
01
01
265
271
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28583_4d3641049f5a0941e50d91de5b4d0cd9.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Ellagic Acid Exerts Anti-proliferation Effects via Modulation of Tgf-Β/Smad3 Signaling in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Ellagic acid has been shown to inhibit tumor cell growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanismsremain elusive. In this study, our aim was to investigate whether ellagic acid inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells via regulation of the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. MCF-7 breast cancer cellswere transfected with pEGFP-C3 or pEGFP-C3/Smad3 plasmids, and treated with ellagic acid alone or incombination with SIS3, a specific inhibitor of Smad3 phosphorylation. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTTassay and the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Moreover, gene expression was detected by RT-PCR,real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. The MTT assay showed that SIS3 attenuated the inhibitory activityof ellagic acid on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Flow cytometry revealed that ellagic acid induced G0/G1 cellcycle arrest which was mitigated by SIS3. Moreover, SIS3 reversed the effects of ellagic acid on the expression ofdownstream targets of the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. In conclusion, ellagic acid leads to decreased phosphorylationof RB proteins mainly through modulation of the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway, and thereby inhibits the proliferationof MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Smad3
SIS3
TGF-β/Smad3 pathway
ellagic acid
Chemoprevention
MCF-7breast cancer cells
2014
01
01
273
276
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28584_ac6e5a61a621576244e9eac8bbfe04cf.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Clinical Profile, Treatment and Survival Outcome of Testicular Tumors: A Pakistani Perspective
Background: Testicular cancer management is considered a marvel of modern science with excellenttreatment results. Pakistan has a distinct ethnic variation and geographic distribution but data regardingclinical presentation of testicular tumors and their management is under reported. The objective of this studywas to determine clinical profile, treatment modalities and survival outcome of testicular tumors in the Pakistanipopulation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients who received treatment for testicularcancer at Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to December 2012 was performed. Patientdemographics, clinical features at presentation and treatment modalities were assessed. For categorical variableschi square test was used. Survival was calculated using Kaplan Meier survival curves and Log rank test wasemployed to determine significance. Results: The most common tumor was mixed germ cell tumor in 49%patients. For all tumor variants except seminoma, stage III was the most common clinical stage at presentation.Majority of patients with non seminomatous germ cell tumors presented in the15-30 year age group as comparedto seminoma which was most prevalent in the 30-40 year age group. Orchiectomy followed by chemotherapywas the most common treatment modality in 80% patients. Expected 5 year survival for seminomas and nonseminomatousgerm cell tumors was 96% and 90% respectively which was not significantly different (p=0.2).Conclusions: Despite a distinct clinical profile of testicular tumors in Pakistani population, survival is comparablewith published reports.
Testicular neoplasms
survival
seminoma
germ cell tumor
2014
01
01
277
280
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28585_4521ce6c3b882ac862758bc1d716ec14.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Breast Cancer in Iraq, Incidence Trends from 2000-2009
Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy of women worldwide. In Iraq, breast cancer ranksfirst among cancers diagnosed in women but no studies have been conducted on incidence trends. The presentstudy of breast cancer in the country during 2000-2009 was therefore performed. Materials and Methods: Theregistered data for breast cancer cases were collected from the Iraqi Cancer Registry/Ministry of Health. Thesignificance of incidence rate trends during 2000-2009 was tested using Poisson regression. Age-standardizedrates (ASR), and age-specific rates per 100,000 population were calculated. Results: A total of 23,792 incidentbreast cancer cases were registered among females aged ≥15 years, represented 33.8% of all cancers in femalesregistered during 2000-2009. It ranked first in all the years. The median age at diagnosis was 49 and the mean agewas 52 years. The incidence rate of all female breast cancer in Iraq (all ages) increased from 26.6 per 100,000 in2000 to 31.5 per 100,000 in 2009 (APC=1.14%, p<.0001). The incidence in age groups (40-49), (50-59) and (70+)increased in earlier years and has recently (2005-2009) become stable. The incidence in age group (60-69) didnot decline since 2003, while the incidence rates in the age group (15-39) started to decline in 2004. Conclusions:With the Iraqi Cancer Registry data during the period 2000-2009, the incidence of all female breast cancer inIraq (all ages) has risen. We found rapid increase in the age specific incidence rate among age group 60-69.However, breast cancer among Iraqi women still affects younger age groups than their counterparts in developedcountries. Further epidemiological research is needed to examine possible causes and prevention measures.
breast cancer
Incidence
time trends
age-dependence
Iraq
2014
01
01
281
286
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28586_08a7da571e3fba33bbb54045454adef5.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Null Glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 Genotypes and Oral Cancer Susceptibility in China and India - a Meta-analysis
Objective: Genetic variation is considered to strongly impact on detoxification of carcinogens and thereforeis related to cancer risk. However, findings for the null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 have not always beenconsistent. Therefore the present meta-analysis was conducted. Methods: We accessed the reported study atdifferent research areas and used various databases, including PubMed and Wanfang Med Onlion from 1990to May 1st 2013. We calculated the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and P value for oral cancerby using Review Manager 5.1 and STATE 12. Results: We found that there was no increased oral cancer riskamong subjects carrying GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype (OR=1.35, 95%CI=0.68-2.68, P=0.39) and (OR=1.41,95%CI=0.72-2.77, P=0.31) in the Chinese population. In contrast, in studies in India a significant correlationbetween GSTM1 null genotype and oral cancer was observed (OR=1.59, 95%CI=1.20-2.11, P=0.001), but not inGSTT1 (OR=1.21, 95% CI = 0.84-1.74, P=0.31). Conclusion: We discovered that GSTM1 deletion polymorphismhad a significant effect on the susceptibility of oral cancer in the Indian population.
Glutathione S-Transferase
GSTT1
GSTM1
oral cancer
Variation
2014
01
01
287
290
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28587_de912a6bc2cf0a1396121e4467d52034.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Kojic Acid Protects C57BL/6 Mice from Gamma-irradiation Induced Damage
The radioprotective effects of a single administration of kojic acid (KA) against ionizing radiation wereevaluated via assessment of 30-day survival and alterations of peripheral blood parameters of adult C57BL/6male mice. The 30-day survival rate of mice pretreated with KA (75 or 300 mg/kg body weight, KA75 or KA300)subcutaneously 27 h prior to a lethal dose (8 Gy, 153.52 cGy/min) of gamma irradiation was higher than that ofmice irradiated alone (40% or 60% vs 0%). It was observed that the white blood cell (WBC) count/the red bloodcell (RBC) count, haemoglobin content, haematocrit and platelet count of mice with or without KA pretreatmentas exposed to a sub-lethal dose (4 Gy, 148.14 cGy/min) of gamma irradiation decreased maximally at day 4/day8 post-irradiation. Although the initial WBC values were low in KA300 or WR-2721 (amifostine) groups, theysignificantly recovered to normal at day 19, whereas in the control group they did not. The results from thecytotoxicity and cell viability assays demonstrated that KA could highly protect Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)cells against ionizing radiation with low toxicity. In summary, KA provides marked radioprotective effects bothin vivo and in vitro.
Kojic acid
radioprotection
C57BL/6 mice
Chinese hamster ovary cells
gamma irradiation damage
2014
01
01
291
297
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28588_500623b05d704870739602ae67afaa5d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Association of NRF2 Polymorphism with Cholangiocarcinoma Prognosis in Thai Patients
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignancy of biliary duct with a very poor prognosis, is the leading causeof cancer death in countries of the Mekong subregion. Liver fluke infection is the main etiological factor, butgenetic variation has been recognized as also important in conferring susceptibility to CCA risk. Nuclear factor(erythroid derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) is a key transcription factor in detoxification and antioxidant defense.Emerging evidence has demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms in the NRF2 gene may be associated withcancer development. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association of NRF2 genetic polymorphismwith CCA risk and to evaluate the influence of the NRF2 genotype on survival time of affected patients. Singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NRF2 gene, including rs6726395: A/G, rs2886161: C/T, rs1806649: C/T,and rs10183914: C/T, were analyzed using TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays. Among 158 healthy northeasternThai subjects, the allele frequencies were 41, 62, 94, and 92%, respectively. The correlation of NRF2 SNPs andCCA risk was analyzed in the 158 healthy subjects and 198 CCA patients, using unconditional logistic regression.The results showed that whereas the NRF2 SNPs were not associated with CCA risk (p>0.05), Kaplan-Meieranalysis of 88 intrahepatic CCA patients showed median survival time with rs6726395 genotypes of GG andAA/AG to be 344±138 (95%CI: 73-615) days and 172±37 (95%CI: 100-244) days, respectively, (p<0.006). Onmultivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, the GG genotype of rs6726395 was found to be associated withlonger survival with a hazard ratio of 0.54 (95%CI: 0.31-0.94). In addition, non-papillary adenocarcinoma wasassociated with poor survival with a hazard ratio of 2.09 (95%CI: 1.16-3.75). The results suggest that the NRF2rs6726395 polymorphism can be a potential prognostic biomarker for CCA patients.
Nrf2
Polymorphism
cholangiocarcinoma
Thai population
Prognosis
2014
01
01
299
304
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28589_403fbbc558b480a4c1e006e74c1fcd2a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Is the Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure Necessary for Minor Cervical Cytological Abnormalities?
Background: To investigate the indications of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and itsovertreatment rates for the see and treat and three step strategies in cases of atypical squamous cells ofundetermined cytology (ASC-US) and low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGSIL) cytology. Materials andMethods: We retrospectively analyzed colposcopy directed biopsy (CDB) and LEEP results of 176 paients withASC-US or LGSIL cytologies who underwent colposcopic examination. Results: Initial cytologies were ASCUSin 120 women and LGSIL in 56. According to the see and treat approach immediate LEEP was performed for38women. Among the remaining 138 women, LEEP was performed for 32 whose CDB results revealed CIN2/3lesions. In the see and treat group the recognition of CIN2/3 was found to be 39.4%. The overtreatment rate was60% as compared to 25% in the three step group. In CDB group detection of CIN 2 or greater lesions increasedwith 3 or more biopsies. Conclusions: In patients with ASC-US/LGSIL cytologies CDB should be performedbefore LEEP to prevent overtreatment, with attention to all suspected areas and more than 2 biopsies taken.
LEEP
ASCUS
LGSIL
overtreatment
colposcopy
2014
01
01
305
308
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28590_ac6cbfef98545374b097335ad34384af.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Psychosocial Response and Symptom Burden for Male Smokers with Lung Cancer
Purpose: Cigarette smoking causes many kinds of cancer, and it is more closely related with lung cancer,rather than other cancers. Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer and ninety percent of the smokers aremale in China, but there is little published data concerning the psychological responses in the male smokerswith lung cancer and its influence on the symptom burden. The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesisthat male smokers with lung cancer have more positive attitude and less symptom burden, comparing to malenon-smokers. Methods: A total of 194 men with cancer in West China Hospital, Sichuan, China, were assessedby self-administered questionnaire. Psychological response was measured by the Chinese version of Mini-MentalAdjustment to Cancer scale (Mini-MAC), and symptom burden was measured by the physical symptom distressscale from the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL). Results: We found that smokers with lung cancer gothigher scores in positive attitude and a smaller symptom burden than non-smokers. Patients with education lowerthan high school got higher scores of positive attitude compared to college graduate patients (p=0.038). Smokerswith lung cancer who knew the potential carcinogenicity of cigarette showed less negative emotions (p=0.011).The psychological response was not affected by age, clinical stage, cell type, smoking duration and amount.Conclusions: Male smokers with lung cancer have a more positive attitude and fewer symptoms, comparing tomale non-smokers. Appropriate psychological intervention for non-smokers with lung cancer deserves moreattention.
Male Chinese smoker
Lung cancer
psychological response
positive attitude
symptom burden
education
2014
01
01
309
314
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28591_47bc3fee255ae9b0bd64dafec4054266.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
HER2-enriched Tumors Have the Highest Risk of Local Recurrence in Chinese Patients Treated with Breast Conservation Therapy
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the recurrence pattern and characteristics of patientsbased on the 2013 St. Gallen surrogate molecular subtypes after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in Chinesewomen. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 709 consecutive breast cancer patients undergoing BCSfrom 1999-2010 at our institution. Five different surrogate subtypes were created using combined expressionof the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. Locoregionalrelapse-free survival (LRRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) rateswere calculated. Results: The 5-year LRRFS, DMFS, and DFS rates were 90.5%, 88.2%, and 81.5%, respectively.Multivariate analysis revealed that young age, node-positive disease, and HER2 enrichment were independentprognostic factors in LRRFS patients. There was also an independent prognostic role of lymph node-positivedisease in DMFS and DFS patients. Patients with luminal A tumors had the most favorable prognosis, withLRRFS, DMFS, and DFS rates of 93.2%, 91.5%, and 87.5% at 5 years, respectively. Conversely, HER-2-enrichedtumors exhibited the highest rate of recurrence (27.5%) and locoregional recurrence (11.4%). Conclusion:Surrogate subtypes present with significant differences in RFS, DMFS, and LRRFS. Luminal A tumors havethe best prognosis, whereas HER2-enriched tumors have the poorest.
breast cancer
Recurrence
molecular subtype
breast-conserving surgery
2014
01
01
315
320
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28592_c74b00e68c949760d816752f4d4406fb.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers in a Multiethnic Malaysian Patient Population
Background: Mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in nonsmallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) are predictive of response to EGFR-targeted therapy in advanced stages of disease.This study aimed to determine the frequency of EGFR mutations in NSCLCs and to correlate their presencewith clinical characteristics in multiethnic Malaysian patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study,EGFR mutations in exons 18, 19, 20 and 21 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of consecutiveNSCLC patients were asessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: EGFR mutations were detected inNSCLCs from 55 (36.4%) of a total of 151 patients, being significantly more common in females (62.5%) than inmales (17.2%) [odds ratio (OR), 8.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.77-16.98; p<0.001] and in never smokers(62.5%) than in ever smokers (12.7%) (OR, 11.50; 95%CI, 5.08-26.03; p<0.001). Mutations were more commonin adenocarcinoma (39.4%) compared to non-adenocarcinoma NSCLCs (15.8%) (p=0.072). The mutation ratesin patients of different ethnicities were not significantly different (p=0.08). Never smoking status was the onlyclinical feature that independently predicted the presence of EGFR mutations (adjusted OR, 5.94; 95%CI, 1.94-18.17; p=0.002). Conclusions: In Malaysian patients with NSCLC, the EGFR mutation rate was similar to thatin other Asian populations. EGFR mutations were significantly more common in female patients and in neversmokers. Never smoking status was the only independent predictor for the presence of EGFR mutations.
EGFR mutation
multiethnic
non-small cell lung cancer
smoking
Malaysian
2014
01
01
321
326
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28593_fed6f0ca17ccabaee4a17379d0538a4a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Treatment and Outcomes of Ewing Sarcoma in Turkish Adults: A Single Centre Experience
Background: Ewing sarcoma is a small round cell tumor arising from soft tissue and bone that predominantlyaffects children and adolescents. The most unfavorable prognostic factor is the presence of distant metastasis atthe time of diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The records of 26 Ewing sarcoma patients (14 male, 12 female)were re-evaluated retrospectively. Results: The median age was 26.5 (19-42) years. Eight patients (31%) showed aprimary tumor in their extremities, 8 (31%) in the thorax, 4 (15%) at the vertebra, 4 (15%) in the head and neck,and 2 (8%) in the abdomen. Five patients (19%) had distant metastasis at diagnosis. The median progression-freesurvival was 72 months and 10 months in localized and metastatic disease, respectively (p=0.005). The overallsurvival rate was 19 months in metastatic disease, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 64% in localizeddisease (p=0.006). Patients who had localized disease in the extremities and were under age 30 had a favorableprognosis. Conclusions: Although Ewing sarcoma is a tumor affecting children and adolescents, it may be seenin adults, where the prognosis is generally worse. Although it is a highly malignant tumor, it is possible to achieveimproved survival with combined modality treatments.
Adult cases
Ewing sarcoma
Prognosis
Turkey
2014
01
01
327
330
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28594_5685feb5c1dd6cf53485330bc6ac8386.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Clinical Features of Multiple Primary Malignancies: a Retrospective Analysis of 72 Chinese Patients
There is a scarcity of reports addressing patients with multiple primary malignancies (MPM), especiallyfor Chinese cses. The aim of this study was to present a detailed analysis of Chinese patients presenting withat least two primary malignancies. Particularly, the clinical characteristics and survival between synchronousand metachronous MPM were compared. Out of 6,545 cases, 72 patients (1.1%) including 39 males (54.2%)and 33 females (45.8%) were diagnosed as MPM, giving a male: female sex ratio of 1.2:1. Of these, there were16 (22.2%) cases of synchronous MPM (7 males, 9 females), 55(76.4%) metachronous (31 males, 24 females),and 1 “mixed form”. For first tumor diagnosis time, synchronous MPM patients generally presented later thanthe metachronous cases. The top three sites for malignancies with metachronous MPM were colorectum, headand neck, and lung, while for synchronous they were lung, colorectum and breast. Among MPM patients, themedian survival time was 15.7 years and the 5-year survival was 56%, and there was statistical difference in MPMcategories (P < 0.05). The median survival time was 17.3 years and 3.8 years for metachronous and synchronousMPM patients, respectively. In comparison with synchronous MPM patients, those metachronous had a longersurvival. This studies increase understanding of the clinical features of Chinese MPM patients and suggest thatthose presenting with metachronous cancers have a higher incidence and a better prognosis.
Multiple primary malignancies
clinical features
Epidemiology
2014
01
01
331
334
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28595_706e0f0cb3fccfc8c6d0bcde91e6f9be.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Boosting Cancer Survival in Nigeria: Self-management Strategies
Cancer is a menace fast gaining momentum in Nigeria and other developing countries. It is an expensivedisease requiring a major financial and human resources for prevention, diagnosis and treatment. With nonational policy on cancer control in the country, incidence (111.7/100,000 population) and mortality (86.6/100,000)rates in Nigeria are spiraling beyond control. This literature search study was primarily aimed at providingrecommendations on cost-effective strategies for development interventions to promote self-management forcancer survivors in Nigeria with a goal to improve quality of life and overall survival.
cancer
Nigeria
survival
incidence/mortality
lifestyle changes
Self-Care
2014
01
01
335
341
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28596_ab4c3ba966db41b2691d1c0710b91444.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Elevated Expression of Maspin mRNA as a Predictor of Survival in Stage II and III Gallbladder Cancer Cases
Background: Maspin expression is a potential prognostic factor for various malignancies but its relation withgallbladder cancer is unknown and needs to be investigated needs to be investigated. We therefore here focusedon maspin mRNA expression in normal, gall stone disease and gallbladder cancer subjects, with particularattention to prognostic importance in individuals with malignancies. Materials and Methods: This study wascarried out at the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.Gallbladder samples from normal (n=25), gall stone disease (n=25) and cancer patients (n=38) were analysedfor maspin mRNA expression by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and quantitative real timePCR. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Students t test or ANOVA. Survival analysis was conductedaccording to the Kaplan-Meier method and correlations were assessed using the Pearson correlation method.p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant increase (p=0.028) in expression of maspinmRNA was observed in gallbladder cancer as compared to gall stone disease, whereas no expression was found innormal tissues. Significant correlation (Pearson’s coefficient(r)=-0.798, p<0.0001) was observed between relativequantification of maspin mRNA and survival of cancer patients after surgery, with significantly shorter (p=0.002)survival in patients having relative quantification >1.5 as compared to those having relative quantification <1.5.Similarly, significant differences in patient survival for maspin mRNA expression was observed for stage II(p=0.025) and III (p=0.011) cancer. Conclusions: Higher expression of maspin mRNA in gallbladder cancer hasprognostic significance for stage II and III cancer, which needs to be investigated further.
gallbladder cancer
maspin expression
Overall survival
Prognosis
2014
01
01
343
347
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28597_a784b3ac9bceaceb4f4276aaf8ecde11.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Evaluation of Cancer Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department within One Month before Death in Turkey: What are the Problems Needing Attention?
Background: Although previously studies have reported that most patients with malignancy prefer to die athome, this is not the real situation in clinical practice. Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine the characteristicsof Turkish cancer patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) within one month before death. Materialsand Method: This descriptive retrospective study focused on questions about how often and why patients withcancer visited the ED before death. A total of 107 individuals with cancer were divided into 2 groups: Group 1,patients with at least one visit in the final 4 weeks; and Group 2, patients with no visit to ED. Demographic andclinical features were compared between the two groups. Statistical analyses: Descriptive statistical methods,statistical analysis for correlation, Student’s t-test, chi-square tests and logistic regression were used. Results:At least one visit to ED within one month before death was reported for 64 (60%) of the 107 cases. Of these 64(Group 1), 38% (n=24) were discharged and 9% (n=6) died in the ED. The most common site of the primarytumor was the lung (n=24, 38%) and the most common symptom was dyspnea (92%). With the other 43 (40%)cancer patients not presenting to the ED within one month before death, they were more likely to be female withanother type of cancer. Conclusions: Guidelines are needed for better management of cancer patients benefitingfrom visits to ED within the last month of life.
cancer patients
Emergency Service
hospice
end of life
palliative care
2014
01
01
349
353
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28598_26067161a345dd44d15cf952977b30cd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Aberrant DNA Methylation and Epigenetic Inactivation of hMSH2 Decrease Overall Survival of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients via Modulating Cell Cycle and Apoptosis
Objective: Altered regulation of many transcription factors has been shown to play important roles in thedevelopment of leukemia. hMSH2 can modulate the activity of some important transcription factors and is knownto be a regulator of hematopoietic differentiation. Herein, we investigated epigenetic regulation of hMSH2 and itsinfluence on cell growth and overall survival of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Methods: hMSH2promoter methylation status was assessed by COBRA and pyrosequencing in 60 ALL patients and 30 healthyvolunteers. mRNA and protein expression levels of hMSH2, PCNA, CyclinD1, Bcl-2 and Bax were determinedby real time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The influence of hMSH2 on cell proliferation and survivalwas assessed in transient and stable expression systems. Results: mRNA and protein expression of hMSH2 andBcl-2 was decreased, and that of PCNA, CyclinD1 and Bax was increased in ALL patients as compared to healthyvolunteers (P<0.05). hMSH2 was inactivated in ALL patients through promoter hypermethylation. Furthermore,hMSH2 hypermethylation was found in relapsed ALL patients (85.7% of all cases). The median survival ofpatients with hMSH2 methylation was shorter than that of patients without hMSH2 methylation (log-rank test,P=0.0035). Over-expression of hMSH2 in cell lines resulted in a significant reduction in growth and inductionof apoptosis. Conclusions: This study suggests that aberrant DNA methylation and epigenetic inactivation ofhMSH2 play an important role in the development of ALL through altering cell growth and survival.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
hMSH2
DNA Methylation
survival
cell apoptosis
2014
01
01
355
362
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28599_0cd4225fedafa172ba0d31c866419b3e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
CEA, AFP, CA125, CA153 and CA199 in Malignant Pleural Effusions Predict the Cause
Determination of the cause of malignant pleural effusions is important for treatment and management,especially in cases of unknown primaries. There are limited biomarkers available for prediction of the cause ofmalignant pleural effusion in clinical practice. Hence, we evaluated pleural levels of five tumor biomarkers (CEA,AFP, CA125, CA153 and CA199) in predicting the cause of malignant pleural effusion in a retrospective study.Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney U tests were carried out to compare levels of tumor markers in pleural effusionamong different forms of neoplasia - lung squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or small cell carcinoma,mesothelioma, breast cancer, lymphoma/leukemia and miscellaneous. Receiver operator characteristic analysiswas performed to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significantdifferences in levels of pleural effusion CEA (P<0.01), AFP (P<0.01), CA153 (P<0.01) and CA199 (P<0.01), butnot CA125 (P>0.05), among the seven groups. Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that, comparedwith other four tumor markers, CA153 was the best biomarker in diagnosing malignant pleural effusions of lungadenocarcinoma (area under curve (AUC): 0.838 (95%confidence interval: 0.787, 0.888); cut-off value: 10.2U/ml; sensitivity: 73.2% (64.4-80.8)%, specificity: 85.2% (77.8-90.8)%), lung squamous cell carcinoma (AUC:0.716 (0.652, 0.780); cut-off value: 14.2U/ml; sensitivity: 57.6% (50.7-64.3)%, specificity: 91.2% (76.3-98.0)%),and small-cell lung cancer (AUC: 0.812 (0.740, 0.884); cut-off value: 9.7U/ml; sensitivity: 61.5% (55.0-67.8)%,specificity: 94.1% (71.2-99.0)%); CEA was the best biomarker in diagnosing MPEs of mesothelioma (AUC:0.726 (0.593, 0.858); cut-off value: 1.43ng/ml; sensitivity: 83.7% (78.3-88.2)%, specificity: 61.1% (35.8-82.6)%)and lymphoma/leukemia (AUC: 0.923 (0.872, 0.974); cut-off value: 1.71ng/ml; sensitivity: 82.8% (77.4-87.3)%,specificity: 92.3% (63.9-98.7)%). Thus CA153 and CEA appear to be good biomarkers in diagnosing differentcauses of malignant pleural effusion. Our findings implied that the two tumor markers may improve the diagnosisand treatment for effusions of unknown primaries.
Diagnosis
Discrimination
malignant pleural effusion
Tumor markers
unknown primary tumor
2014
01
01
363
368
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28600_4734f1d4881aa561d1e673f1e3f1a4ce.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Association of 8q24.21 rs10505477-rs6983267 Haplotype and Age at Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the world. Geneticvariants in 8q24.21 including rs10505477 and rs6983267 have been hypothesized to be involved in susceptibilityto CRC. This study aims to investigate the possible association between these loci and their haplotypes with CRCrisk in Iranian population. Materials and Methods: Subjects were recruited from two hospitals in Tehran. Thers10505477 and rs6983267 polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan real time PCR using subject genomicDNA, extracted either from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of patients or from blood of the controls bystandard methods. Results: A total of 715 subjects (380 CRC patients and 335 matched controls) were genotypedin this study. Allele and genotype analysis of the rs10505477 and rs6983267 polymorphisms by gender, age atdiagnosis, tumor location, tumor grade, and tumor node metastasis (TNM) showed no significant associationwith CRC risk. There was a significant relationship between GG haplotype and susceptibility to age at diagnosisfor both <60 and ≥60 (p=0.0005 and p=0.000004, respectively) and between GT and CRC in the age at diagnosis≥ 60 (Table 3: p=0.031). The GG haplotype was less frequent in CRC patients with the age at diagnosis <60, butwas more common in subjects with the age at diagnosis ≥ 60. Conclusions: Results of this study suggests thatthe rs6983267 and rs10505477 polymorphisms alone may not be relevant to CRC risk, but their GG haplotypeplays a notable role in age at diagnosis of CRC in the Iranian population.
colorectal cancer
8q24.21
Polymorphism
age at diagnosis
Iran
2014
01
01
369
374
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28601_6ad37ffdc251101c9828ad1e90fdf91e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Environmental Radioactivity and High Incidence Rates of Stomach and Esophagus Cancer in the Van Lake Region: A Causal Relationship?
This study examined the incidence rates of cancer cases (averages for 2006-2010) and relationships withenvironmental radioactivity levels. Soil and water samples were collected from provincial and district centersof Van city and the outdoor gamma doses were determined using a portable gamma scintillation detector. Grossalpha and beta, (226)Ra, (232)Th, and (40)K activities were measured in both tap water and soil samples. Althoughhigh rates of stomach and esophagus cancers have been reported previously in Van the underlying reasons havenot hitherto been defined. Incidences of cancers were highest in the Gurpınar (326.0) and Ozalp (377.1) counties(p<0.001). As to the results of the gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity measurements in the drinking water,these two counties also had high beta radionuclide levels: Gurpınar (140 mBq/dm³) and Ozalp (206 mBq/dm³).Even if within the normal range, a relation between the higher rate of the incidence of stomach and esophaguscancers with that of the higher rate of beta radionuclide activity was clear. On Spearman correlation analysis,the relation between higher beta radionuclide levels and cancer incidence was found to be statistically significant(p<0.01). According to the results of the analysis, Van residents receive an average 1.86 mSv/y annual dose fromoutdoor gamma radiation, ingestion of radionuclides in the drinking water, and indoor 222Rn activity. Moreover,gross alpha and beta activities were found to be extremely high in all of the lakes around the city of Van, Turkey.Further investigations with long-term detailed environmental radiation measurements are needed regardingthe relationship between cancer cases and environmental radioactivity in the city of Van.
Gastrointestinal system cancers
environmental radioactivity
Van
Turkey
2014
01
01
375
380
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28602_862b00e7c090173f48211bf1283b7605.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Dickkopf-1 Levels in Turkish Patients with Bladder Cancer and its Association with Clinicopathological Features
Background: Evidence indicates that Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) levels may be a biomarker for cancer risk. Theaim of this study was to assess DKK-1 and its correlation with clinic-pathological features in patients withbladder cancer. Materials and Methods: DKK-1 levels were determined in serum samples from 90 patients withbladder cancer before transurethral tumor resection. The concentrations of DKK-1 were determined by usingenzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Elevated preoperative DKK-1 levels were associatedwith tumor stage (p<0.001), grade (p<0.001) and histological grade (p<0.001). Conclusions: The results of ourstudy demonstrated that the level of serum DKK-1 is correlated with both disease progression and increase inthe tumor grade. Preoperative serum DKK-1 elevation may thus represent a novel marker for the determinationof bladder cancer and the detection of patients with a likely poor clinical outcome.
bladder cancer
DKK-1
clinic-pathological features
Prognosis
Turkey
2014
01
01
381
384
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28603_0deb1e837ed46da362fc648a70c02a24.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Trend Analysis of Lung Cancer Incidence Rates in Ninawa Province, Iraq, from 2000 to 2010 - Decrease and Recent Stability
Background: Lung cancer is the most frequent malignancy of men worldwide. In Ninawa in Iraq, lung cancerranks first among cancers diagnosed in men. Since no prior studies have been conducted on incidence trendsin our population the present investigation of rates during 2000-2010 was therefore performed. Materials andMethods: Registy data for lung cancer cases were collected from the Directorate of Health in Ninawa-MosulContinuing Medical Education Center. We restricted our analyses to men categorized according to the age groupsof 0- 39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and 70+ years. The significance of incidence rate trends during 2000-2010 was testedusing Poisson regression. Age-standardized rates (ASR), and age-specific rates per 100,000 population werecalculated. Results: A total of 1,206 incident lung cancer were registered among males, accounting for 15.5%of all male cancers registered during 2000-2010. It ranked first throughout the period. Median age at diagnosiswas 69 (mean 66.8± 11.0) years. The incidence rate of all male lung cancers in Ninawa (all ages) decreased from26.4 per 100,000 in 2000 to 12.7 in 2010 (APC=-6.55%, p<.0001). The incidences in age groups 40-49, 50-59,60-69 and 70+ decreased in earlier years and recently appeared (2007-2010) stable. The incidence in age group(0-39) remained stable between 2000-2010. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)was the most common type of lungcancer, while adenocarcinoma was relatively rare. Conclusions: With the data from Directorate of Health inNinawa during the period 2000-2010, lung cancer is the most common cancer but generally declining. Amongall age groups, the recent incidence of lung cancer remained stable. The SCC predominance suggests change intobacco habits as an important factor in the trends observed.
Lung cancer - incidence - time trends- decreasing and stable - Ninawa
Iraq
2014
01
01
385
390
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28604_61187ea0e3028352b54431b30af7ea5b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Lack of Associations between Genetic Polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: A Multi-Institutional Case-Control Study in Japan
Background: We aimed to evaluate the role of genetic polymorphisms in tobacco carcinogen-metabolizinggenes and their interactions with smoking in a hospital-based case-control study of Japanese subjects. Materialsand Methods: We examine the associations of pancreatic cancer risk with genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1,GSTT1 and GSTP1, phase II enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of toxic and carcinogenic electrophilicmolecules. The study population consisted of 360 patients and 400 control subjects, who were recruited fromseveral medical facilities in Japan. Unconditional logistic regression methods were used to estimate odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between genotypes and pancreatic cancer risk.Results: Among the control subjects, the prevalence of the GSTM1-null genotype and the GSTT1-null genotypewas approximately 56% and 48%, respectively. Cases and controls were comparable in terms of GSTM1 andGSTT1 genotype distributions. Neither of the deleted polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1 was associated withthe risk of pancreatic cancer, with an age- and sex-adjusted OR of 0.99 (95%CI: 0.74-1.32) for the GSTM1-nullgenotype, and 0.98 (95%CI: 0.73-1.31) for the GSTT1-null genotype. The OR was 0.97 (95%CI: 0.64-1.47) forindividuals with the GSTM1 and GSTT1-null genotypes compared with those with the GSTM1 and GSTT1-present genotypes. No synergistic effects of smoking or GST genotypes were observed. Conclusions: Our resultsindicate no overall association between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms and pancreatic cancerrisk in the Japanese subjects in our study.
GSTM1
GSTT1
GSTP1
Pancreatic cancer
risk
2014
01
01
391
395
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28605_a2cf244941086af4bdca9d04f0417ec1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Obesity Related Adipokines and Colorectal Cancer: A Review and Meta-Analysis
Obesity has been considered as an important risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), butthe association has not been fully elucidated. Obesity is linked significantly to adipose tissue dysfunction andto alteration of adipokines in blood; in particular, obesity-induced inflammation is thought to be an importantlink between obesity and colorectal cancer. Based on epidemiological studies, we undertook a systematic reviewto understand the association of circulating levels of selected adipokines, including adiponectin, leptin, resistin,IL-6 and TNF-α, with the level of CRC risk. Most prospective studies suggested protective effects of adiponectin,but these were attenuated by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) data in our meta-analysis.On the other hand, meta-analyses for leptin and CRC did not demonstrate any association, similar to the resultsof systematic review. Although it proved difficult to determine whether other selected adipokines (resistin, IL-6and TNF-α) were related to CRC risk due to small number of reports, the present systematic review suggesteda positive association with elevated resistin levels but null associations with IL-6 and TNF-α.
Adipokines
colorectal cancer
obese-related adipokines
Obesity
risk factors
2014
01
01
397
405
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28606_af5dc80b8ff3a1316bb6211818dd6a53.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Experimental Study on Sustained-release 5-Fluorouracil Implantation in Canine Peritoneum and Para-aortic Abdominalis
Objective: To observe local and systemic toxicity after sustained-release 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) implantationin canine peritoneum and para-aortic abdominalis and the changes of drug concentration in the local implantedtissue with time. Methods: 300 mg sustained-release 5-Fu was implanted into canine peritoneum and para-aortaabdominalis. Samples were taken 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after implantation for assessment of changes and systemicreactions. High performance liquid chromatography was applied to detect the drug concentrations of peritonealtissue at different distances from the implanted site, lymphatic tissue of para-aortic abdominalis, peripheralblood and portal venous blood. Results: 10 days after implantation, the drug concentrations in the peritoneum,lymphatic tissue and portal vein remained relatively high within 5 cm of the implanted site. There appearedinflammatory reaction in the local implanted tissue, but no visible pathological changes such as cell degenerationand necrosis, and systemic reaction like anorexia, nausea, vomiting and fever. Conclusions: Sustained-release5-Fu implantation in canine peritoneum and para-aortic abdominalis can maintain a relatively high tumourinhibitingconcentration for a longer time in the local implanted area and portal vein, and has mild local andsystemic reactions. Besides, it is safe and effective to prevent or treat recurrence of gastrointestinal tumours andliver metastasis.
Sustained-release 5-Fu
interstitial chemotherapy
Peritoneum
para-aortic abdominalis
implants
2014
01
01
407
411
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28607_d15361633e4d41943e59637caf364e0c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Prisoners’ Perception of Tobacco Use and Cessation in Chhatisgarh, India - The Truth from Behind the Bars
Background: Prisoners represent a population group that is disadvantaged, socially deprived andunderprivileged, needing particular attention with regard to provision of necessary oral health care, healthpromotion and motivation and tobacco cessation. Considering the situation in prisons, smoking and tobaccochewing are burning issues related to health deterioration and economic loss that seem to be overlooked by thepublic health sectors. Aim: To assess prisoners’ perception of tobacco use and cessation in Chhatisgarh, India.Materials and Methods: A pre-tested, close ended questionnaire was administered in the form of extensive faceto face interviews, to assess perceptions regarding tobacco use and cessation in the central jail of Durg Districtof Chhattisgarh state, India. Results: Prevalence of tobacco usage amongst the prisoners was found to be 61%.Some 27% reported smoking, 44% used tobacco in the chewable form and 29% indulged in consuming tobaccoin both forms i.e. smoked as well as chewed. Results suggest several recommendations for policy relevance suchas provision of a prison dentist, a tobacco cessation counseling program and targeted eradication of oral cancerby educating the prisoners. Conclusions: Health is a fundamental human “right of everyone to the enjoymentof the highest attainable standard of physical and mental well-being”. This applies to prisoners just as it doesto every other human being. The alarming findings in the study suggest the need for dental treatment facilitiesand tobacco cessation counseling in prisons.
Prisoners
smoking
Tobacco
Perception
Tobacco cessation
India
2014
01
01
413
417
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28608_95dde2fdc52f8a51a7dd850dbac833b8.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Metastatic Lymphadenopathy in Kashmir Valley: A Clinicopathological Study
Background: Lymphadenopathy is a common presentation in both benign and malignant diseases which needto be diagnosed without delay. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) helps us diagnose a disease and followits course, including the response to therapy. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological featuresof metastatic lymphadenopathy and the diagnostic utility of FNAC in our setting. Materials and Methods: Thistwo-year prospective study included all the patients with metastatic lymphadenopathy, diagnosed with FNAC.Results: A total of 412 cases (male:female ratio, 1.3:1; age range, 3 to 90 years) were studied. Supraclavicularlymph nodes were involved most commonly (50.5%). The commonest metastatic tumor was squamous cellcarcinoma in general (30.1%) and in males (37.6%), and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (25.3%) in females. Lung,with 64 (15.5%) cases followed by esophagus, 60 (14.6%) cases; breast, 49 (11.9%) cases; skin, 32 (7.8%) cases;and stomach, 25 (6.1%) cases were the most common primary sites of malignancy. In 69 patients, excision biopsywas performed. Histopathological findings correlated well with that of cytology in all these cases. Conclusions:FNAC is an important tool in the diagnostic work up of metastatic lymphadenopathy, which in the hands of anexperienced and skilful cytopathologist can avoid the need for excision biopsy.
Metastatic
Lymphadenopathy
lymph nodes
FNAC
Kashmir valley
2014
01
01
419
422
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28609_a4330fb81bab68c36d7c5086fd3cbd08.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Agreement between Colposcopic Diagnosis and Cervical Pathology: Siriraj Hospital Experience
Aim: To evaluate the agreement between colposcopic diagnosis and cervical pathology a retrospective chartreview was performed. Materials and Methods: This study included 437 patients who underwent colposcopyand cervical biopsy or conization at Siriraj Hospital from October 2010 - December 2012. The patient clinicalcharacteristics, cervical cytology results, colposcopic diagnoses, cervical pathology results were recorded andcorrelations between variables were analyzed. Results: Agreement of colposcopic diagnosis and cervical pathologywas matched in 253 patients (57.9%). The strength of agreement with weighted Kappa statistic was 0.494 (p<0.001).Colposcopic diagnoses more often overestimated (31.1%) than underestimated (11%) the cervical pathology.Agreement of colposcopic diagnosis and cervical pathology within 1 grade was found in 411 patients (94.1%).Positive predictive value (PPV) of high grade colposcopy or more was 75.5%, whereas the negative predictivevalue (NPV) of insignificant and low grade colposcopy was 83.8%. False positives of high grade colposcopy ormore were 21%. False negatives of insignificant or low grade colposcopy were 19.1%. Conclusions: Strength ofagreement between colposcopic diagnosis and cervical pathology was found to be only moderate. A biopsy atcolposcopy should be performed at a gold standard level to detect high grade lesions.
Colposcopic diagnosis
cervical pathology
Agreement
biopsy
2014
01
01
423
426
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28610_a3a62372a2641df0a466bd307dd77604.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
IDH1 Overexpression Induced Chemotherapy Resistance and IDH1 Mutation Enhanced Chemotherapy Sensitivity in Glioma Cells in Vitro and in Vivo
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is of great importance in cell metabolism and energy conversion. IDH mutationin glioma cells is reported to be associated with an increased overall survival. However, effects biological behaviorof therapy of gliomas are unclear. Here, we investigated the influence of wild-type and mutated IDH genes onglioma cell biological behavior and response to chemotherapy. Relevant mechanisms were further explored.We designed our study on the background of the IDHR132H mutation. Stable cell lines were constructed bytransfection. The CCK-8 method was used to assess cell proliferation, flow cytometry for the cell cycle andcell apoptosis, and the transwell method for cell invasion. Nude mouse models were employed to determinetumorigenesis and sensitivity to chemotherapy. Western blotting was used to detect relevant protein expressionlevels. We found that overexpression of wild IDH1 gene did not cause changes in the cell cycle, apoptosis andinvasion ability. However, it resulted in chemotherapy resistance to a high dose of temozolomide (TMZ) in vivoand in vitro. The IDH1 mutation caused cell cycle arrest in G1 stage and a reduction of proliferation and invasionability, while raising sensitivity to chemotherapy. This may provide an explanation for the better prognosis ofIDH1 mutated glioma patients and the relative worse prognosis of their wild-type IDH1 counterparts. We alsoexpect IDH1 mutations may be optimized as new targets to improve the prognosis of glioma patients.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1
Cell cycle
Proliferation
Invasion
Apoptosis
Glioma
Chemotherapy
2014
01
01
427
432
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28611_b49a5bccd442235a1532ce72c4279473.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
A Single Measure of Cancer Burden Combining Incidence with Mortality Rates for Worldwide Application
We attempted to develop an indicator combining incidence with mortality rates (single measure of cancer burden, SMCB) and to compare the magnitudes of cancer burden by world region. The SMCB was used to measure the size of cancer burden summarizing the incidence and mortality. The incidence and mortality were divided in equivalent forms and were split. The criteria dividing the size of cancer burden were used as the maximum incidence and mortality by men and women according to the world database, and the value corresponding to 10% of each maximum was set as the cut-off value. In SMCB, the size of cancer burden was highest for men with lung cancer (SMCB=18) and for women with breast cancer (SMCB=14) in MDR (more developed regions) compared to the size of burden in LDR (lower developed regions) (lung, SMCB=11, breast, SMCB=8). For men, the size of cancer burden by region was highest in EURO (SMCB=18, lung), followed by WPRO (SMCB=16, lung), PAHO (SMCB=14, prostate), AFRO (SMCB=8, prostate) and SEARO (SMCB=7, lung). Moreover, for women, the size of cancer burden was greatest in EURO (SMCB=14, breast), followed by PAHO (SMCB=13, breast), AFRO (SMCB=11, cervix uteri), EMRO (SMCB=9, breast) or SEARO (SMCB=8, cervix uteri) and WPRO (SMCB=7, lung). The summary indicator will help to provide a priority setting for reducing cancer burden in health policy.
Single measure of cancer burden
Incidence
mortality
regions
2014
01
01
433
439
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28612_6b854433d8910405facb0f99e1ee052d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Assessing Markov and Time Homogeneity Assumptions in Multi-state Models: Application in Patients with Gastric Cancer Undergoing Surgery in the Iran Cancer Institute
Background: Multi-state models are appropriate for cancer studies such as gastrectomy which have highmortality statistics. These models can be used to better describe the natural disease process. But reaching thatgoal requires making assumptions like Markov and homogeneity with time. The present study aims to investigatethese hypotheses. Materials and Methods: Data from 330 patients with gastric cancer undergoing surgery atIran Cancer Institute from 1995 to 1999 were analyzed. To assess Markov assumption and time homogeneity inmodeling transition rates among states of multi-state model, Cox–Snell residuals, Akaikie information criteria andSchoenfeld residuals were used, respectively. Results: The assessment of Markov assumption based on Cox–Snellresiduals and Akaikie information criterion showed that Markov assumption was not held just for transitionrate of relapse (state 1gstate 2) and for other transition rates - death hazard without relapse (state 1gstate 3)and death hazard with relapse (state 2gstate 3) - this assumption could also be made. Moreover, the assessmentof time homogeneity assumption based on Schoenfeld residuals revealed that this assumption - regarding thegeneral test and each of the variables in the model - was held just for relapse (state 1gstate 2) and death hazardwith a relapse (state 2gstate 3). Conclusions: Most researchers take account of assumptions such as Markov andtime homogeneity in modeling transition rates. These assumptions can make the multi-state model simpler butif these assumptions are not made, they will lead to incorrect inferences and improper fitting.
Akaikie information criterion
Cox-Snell and Schoenfeld residuals
Gastric cancer
multi-state model
2014
01
01
441
447
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28613_929c1a03f779dfca3dfd3f1b551c74d7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Cytotoxic Effects of Phytophenolics from Caesalpinia mimosoides Lamk on Cervical Carcinoma Cell Lines through an Apoptotic Pathway
Background: Extracts of Caesalpinia mimosoides Lamk has been reported to possess anticancer effects, butthe active ingredients and the anti-cancer mechanisms are still unknown. Materials and Methods: The effectsof a C mimosoides Lamk extract on cell proliferation and apoptosis induction in human cervical carcinoma celllines, namely HeLa, SiHa, and C33A, as well as in normal Vero cells, were investigated. Results: Treatment with5 active fractions (F17-F21) of C mimosoides Lamk methanol extracts inhibited cell viability in a dose- and timedependentmanner. Neutral red assays indicated that treatment with F21 significantly decreased the viability ofall cervical cancer cell lines compared to F21-treated normal cells. In addition, HPLC analysis revealed that F21contained multiple phenolic compounds, namely gallic acid, caffeine, vanillic acid, ferulic acid and resveratrol.F21 had the lowest IC50 and, therefore, a much higher cytotoxicity than F20, F17, F19, and F18 by 20-, 25-,46- and 47- fold, respectively. Analysis of activation of the apoptosis pathway using a caspase 3/7 activity assayrevealed that F21 treatment resulted in a considerable increase in caspase activation in all cancer cell lines tested.At the same concentration of F21, HeLa cells had the highest caspase activity (6.5-fold) compared to the control.Conclusion: C mimosoides Lamk may be of value as an alternative therapeutic agent, especially in combinationwith other compounds offering possible of synergy of action. Moreover, HPV- and non-HPV-related cervicalcancer cells may differ in their responses to treatment regimens.
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
cervical carcinoma
Caesalpinia mimosoides Lamk
phenolics
Apoptosis
2014
01
01
449
454
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28614_46c00c6dd68cfd3da0a2b123137cc9b6.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Breast Cancer Clustering in Kanagawa, Japan: A Geographic Analysis
Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine geographic clustering of breast cancerincidence in Kanagawa Prefecture, using cancer registry data. The study also aimed at examining the associationbetween socio-economic factors and any identified cluster. Materials and Methods: Incidence data were collectedfor women who were first diagnosed with breast cancer during the period from January to December 2006 inKanagawa. The data consisted of 2,326 incidence cases extracted from the total of 34,323 Kanagawa CancerRegistration data issued in 2011. To adjust for differences in age distribution, the standardized mortality ratio(SMR) and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of breast cancer were calculated for each of 56 municipalities(e.g., city, special ward, town, and village) in Kanagawa by an indirect method using Kanagawa female populationdata. Spatial scan statistics were used to detect any area of elevated risk as a cluster for breast cancer deaths and/or incidences. The Student t-test was performed to examine differences in socio-economic variables, viz, personsper household, total fertility rate, age at first marriage for women, and marriage rate, between cluster and otherregions. Results: There was a statistically significant cluster of breast cancer incidence (p=0.001) composed of11 municipalities in southeastern area of Kanagawa Prefecture, whose SIR was 35 percent higher than that ofthe remainder of Kanagawa Prefecture. In this cluster, average value of age at first-marriage for women wassignificantly higher than in the rest of Kanagawa (p=0.017). No statistically significant clusters of breast cancerdeaths were detected (p=0.53). Conclusions: There was a statistically significant cluster of high breast cancerincidence in southeastern area of Kanagawa Prefecture. It was suggested that the cluster region was related tothe tendency to marry later. This study methodology will be helpful in the analysis of geographical disparitiesin cancer deaths and incidence.
breast cancer
Cancer registry data
regional clustering
spatial epidemiology
2014
01
01
455
460
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28615_b5bd823d59222f864bb0688ed5442930.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Efficacy and Safety of an Increased-dose of Dexamethasone in Patients Receiving Fosaprepitant Chemotherapy in Japan
Background: Antiemetic triplet therapy including dexamethasone (DEX) is widely used for patients receivinghighly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). In Japan, the appropriate dose of DEX has not been established for thiscombination. Materials and Methods: To assess the efficacy and safety of increased-dose DEX, we retrospectivelyexamined patients receiving HEC with antiemetic triplet therapy. Results: Twenty-four patients (fosaprepitantgroup) were given an increased-dose of DEX (average total dose: 45.8mg), fosaprepitant, and 5-HT3 antagonist.A lower-dose of DEX (33.6mg), oral aprepitant, and 5-HT3 antagonist were administered to the other 48 patients(aprepitant group). The vomiting control rates in the fosaprepitant and aprepitant groups were 100% and 85.4%in the acute phase, and were 75.0% and 64.6% in the delayed phase. The incidences of toxicity were similarcomparing the two groups. Conclusions: Triplet therapy using an increased-dose of DEX is suggested to be safeand effective for patients receiving HEC.
Highly emetogenic chemotherapy
dexamethasone
fosaprepitant
2014
01
01
461
465
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28616_e7097e59d7facdc68acd437ebb9ba667.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Impact of Allogenic and Autologous Transfusion on Immune Function in Patients with Tumors
Objective: To observe the effects of allogeneic and autologous transfusion on cellular immunity, humoralimmunity and secretion of serum inflammatory factors and perforin during the perioperative period in patientswith malignant tumors. Methods: A total of 80 patients (age: 38-69 years; body weight: 40-78 kg; ASA I - II)receiving radical operation for gastro-intestinal cancer under general anesthesia were selected. All the patientswere divided into four groups based on the methods of infusion and blood transfusion: blank control group (GroupC), allogeneic transfusion group (group A), hemodiluted autotransfusion Group (Group H) and hemodilutedautotransfusion + allogenic transfusion Group (A+H group). Venous blood was collected when entering into thesurgery room (T0), immediately after surgery (T1) and 24h (T2), 3d (T3) and 7d (T4) after surgery, respectively.Moreover, flow cytometry was applied to assess changes of peripheral blood T cell subpopulations and NKcells. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine levels of IL-2, IL-10, TNF-α andperforin. Immune turbidimetry was employed to determine the changes in serum immunoglobulin. Results:Both CD3+ and NK cells showed a decrease at T1 and T2 in each group, among which, in group A, CD3+decreased significantly at T2 (P<0.05) compared with other groups, and CD3+ and NK cell reduced obviouslyonly in group A at T3 and T4 (P<0.05). CD4+ cells and the ratio of D4+/CD8+ were decreased in groups A, Cand A+H at T1 and T2 (P<0.05). No significant intra- and inter-group differences were observed in CD8+ of thefour groups (P<0.05). IL-2 declined in group C at T1 and T2 (P<0.05) and showed a decrease in group A at eachtime point (P<0.05). Moreover, IL-2 decreased in group A + H only at T1. No significant difference was foundin each group at T1 (P<0.05). More significant decrease in group ?? at T2, T3 and T4 compared with group A(P<0.05), and there were no significant differences among other groups (P>0.05). IL-10 increased at T1 and T2in each group (P<0.05), in which it had an obvious increase in group A, and increase of IL-10 occurred only ingroup A at T3 and T4 (P<0.05). TNF-α level rose at T1 (P<0.05), no inter- and intra-group difference was foundin perforin in all groups (P<0.05). Compared with the preoperation, both IgG and IgA level decreased at T1 ineach group (P<0.05), and they declined only in Group A at T2 and T3 (P<0.05), and these parameters were backto the preoperative levels in other groups. No significant differences were observed between preoperative andpostoperative IgG and IgA levels in each group at T4 (P>0.05). No obvious inter- and intra-group changes werefound in IgM in the four groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: Allogeneic transfusion during the perioperative periodcould obviously decrease the number of T cell subpopulations and NK cells and the secretion of stimulatingcytokines and increase the secretion of inhibiting cytokines in patients with malignant tumors, thus causing aTh1/Th2 imbalance and transient decreasing in the content of plasma immune globulin. Autologous transfusionhas little impact and may even bring about some improvement oo postoperative immune function in patientswith tumors. Therefore, cancer patients should receive active autologous transfusion during the perioperativeperiod in place of allogeneic transfusion.
Allogeneic transfusion
autologous transfusion
malignant tumor
Immunity
2014
01
01
467
474
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28617_ea82d84b4504b9b3a25d34730404ad51.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Apoptosis Induction in MV4-11 and K562 Human Leukemic Cells by Pereskia sacharosa (Cactaceae) Leaf Crude Extract
Background: Pereskia sacharosa is a genus of cacti widely used in folk medicine for cancer-related treatment.Anti-proliferative effects have been studied in recent years against colon, breast, cervical and lung cancer celllines, with promising results. We here extended study of anti-proliferative effects to a blood malignancy, leukemia.Materials and Methods: Two leukemic cell lines, MV4-11 (acute myeloid leukemia) and K562 (chronic myeloidleukemia), were studied. IC50 concentrations were determined and apoptosis and cell cycle regulation werestudied by flow cytometric analysis. The expression of apoptosis and cell-cycle related regulatory proteins wasassessed by Western blotting. Results: P sacharosa inhibited growth of MV4-11 and K562 cells in a dose-dependentmanner. The mode of cell death was via induction of intrinsic apoptotic pathways and cell cycle arrest. Therewas profound up-regulation of cytochrome c, caspases, p21 and p53 expression and repression of Akt and Bcl-2expression in treated cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that P sacharosa induces leukemic cell death viaapoptosis induction and changes in cell cycle checkpoint, thus deserves further study for anti-leukemic potential.
Pereskia sacharosa
Leukemia
intrinsic pathway
cell cycle arrest
FLT3-ITD
BCR-ABL
2014
01
01
475
481
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28455_6b383a5f37c7d278c4ca2e6364a19aa7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Association between Urinary Cadmium and All Cause, All Cancer and Prostate Cancer Specific Mortalities for Men: an Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) Data
Aim: This study employed public use National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) datato investigate the association between urinary cadmium (UDPSI) and all cause, all cancer and prostate cancermortalities in men. Patients and Methods: NHANES III household adult, laboratory and mortality data weremerged. The sampling weight used was WTPFEX6, with SDPPSU6 applied for the probability sampling unitand SDPSTRA6 to designate the strata for the survey analysis. Results: For prostate cancer death, the significantunivariates were UDPSI, age, weight, and drinking. Under multivariate logistic regression, the significantcovariates were age and weight. For all cause mortality in men, the significant covariates were UDPSI, age,and poverty income ratio. For all cancer mortality in men, the significant covariates were UDPSI, age, blackand Mexican race. Conclusions: UDPSI was a predictor of all cause and all cancer mortalities in men as well asprostate cancer mortality.
NHANES III
all cancer survival
all cause survival
Prostate Cancer
Cadmium
2014
01
01
483
488
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28456_c0d72c3eed6f4328bde5f085f846b760.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Anti-tumor Effects of Penfluridol through Dysregulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis
Background: Psychiatric patients appear to be at lower risk of cancer. Some antipsychotic drugs might haveinhibitory effects on tumor growth, including penfluridol, a strong agent. To test this, we conducted a studyto determine whether penfluridol exerts cytotoxic effects on tumor cells and, if so, to explore its anti-tumormechanisms. Methods: Growth inhibition of mouse cancer cell lines by penfluridol was determined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cytotoxic activity was determined byclonogenic cell survival and trypan blue assays. Animal tumor models of these cancer cells were established andto evaluate penfluridol for its anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Unesterified cholesterol in cancer cells was examined byfilipin staining. Serum total cholesterol and tumor total cholesterol were detected using the cholesterol oxidase/paminophenazone(CHOD-PAP) method. Results: Penfluridol inhibited the proliferation of B16 melanoma (B16/F10), LL/2 lung carcinoma (LL/2), CT26 colon carcinoma (CT26) and 4T1 breast cancer (4T1) cells in vitro. Invivo penfluridol was particularly effective at inhibiting LL/2 lung tumor growth, and obviously prolonged thesurvival time of mice bearing LL/2 lung tumors implanted subcutaneously. Accumulated unesterified cholesterolwas found in all of the cancer cells treated with penfluridol, and this effect was most evident in LL/2, 4T1 andCT26 cells. No significant difference in serum cholesterol levels was found between the normal saline-treatedmice and the penfluridol-treated mice. However, a dose-dependent decrease of total cholesterol in tumor tissueswas observed in penfluridol-treated mice, which was most evident in B16/F10-, LL/2-, and 4T1-tumor-bearingmice. Conclusion: Our results suggested that penfluridol is not only cytotoxic to cancer cells in vitro but canalso inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis by penfluridol may be involved inits anti-tumor mechanisms.
Antipsychotics drugs
penfluridol
anti-tumor effect
Cholesterol
2014
01
01
489
494
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28618_b6547cfaf23bf5a50cfcf5c01a831b76.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
1
Preferential Induction of CYP1A1 over CYP1B1 in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells after Exposure to Berberine
Estrogens are considered the major breast cancer risk factor, and the carcinogenic potential of estrogens mightbe attributed to DNA modification caused by derivatives formed during metabolism. 17β-estradiol (E2), the mainsteroidal estrogen present in women, is metabolized via two major pathways: formation of 2-hydroxyestradiol(2-OH E2) and 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OH E2) through the action of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1,respectively. Previous reports suggested that 2-OH E2 has putative protective effects, while 4-OH E2 is genotoxicand has potent carcinogenic activity. Thus, the ratio of 2-OH E2/4-OH E2 is a critical determinant of the toxicityof E2 in mammary cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of berberine on the expression profileof the estrogen metabolizing enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Berberine treatmentproduced significant induction of both forms at the level of mRNA expression, but with increased doses produced16~ to 52~fold greater induction of CYP1A1 mRNA over CYP1B1 mRNA. Furthermore, berberine dramaticallyincreased CYP1A1 protein levels but did not influence CYP1B1 protein levels in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion,we present the first report to show that berberine may provide protection against breast cancer by altering theratio of CYP1A1/CYP1B1, could redirect E2 metabolism in a more protective pathway in breast cancer MCF-7cells.
Berberine
CYP1A1
CYP1B1
estrogen metabolism
MCF-7 breast cancer cells
2014
01
01
495
499
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28619_9ec9edfdb4a60fc6a1181f620410e4ad.pdf