2024-03-29T13:10:34Z
https://journal.waocp.org/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=3499
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
The Promise of Dried Fruits in Cancer Chemoprevention
Chemoprevention is an attempt to use nontoxic natural and synthetic substances or their mixtures to intervenethe relatively early stages of carcinogenesis, before invasive characteristics are manifested. The consumption offruits is well known to reduce the risk of human cancers. Although most fruits are available only on a seasonalbasis, recent advances in food processing technologies have made it possible to extend the shelf life of fruits andfruit-products. Fruits can be preserved by applying different drying processes to reduce the moisture content.Different varieties of dried fruits are now sold in supermarkets, thereby making them readily accessible toconsumers. Since oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play important roles in cancer development, driedfruits with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties hold promise for cancer chemoprevention. Theantioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive activities of dried fruits are largely attributed to theirpolyphenols and vitamins. Dried fruits contain adequate amounts of bioactive principles, such as anthocyanins,acetogenins, catechins, coumarins, phenolic acids, terpenes, xanthones, and others. Since numerous healthbeneficial phytochemicals in fruits are conserved even after processing, regular intake of dried fruits can helpprevent cancer. This review addresses the chemopreventive potential of representative dried fruits and theiractive constituents.
Chemoprevention
cancer
dried fruits
antioxidants
anti-inflammatory phytochemicals
2014
08
01
3343
3352
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29085_9dbb64417b9ee5d882ee7e016126de22.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Breast Cancer: Major Risk Factors and Recent Developments in Treatment
Breast cancer is the most common in women worldwide, with some 5-10% of all cases due to inheritedmutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Obesity, hormone therapy and use of alcohol are possible causesand over-expression of leptin in adipose tissue may also play a role. Normally surgery, radiation therapy andchemotherapy allow a good prognosis where screening measures are in place. New hope in treatment measuresinclude adjuvant therapy, neoadjuvant therapy, and introduction of mono-clonal antibodies and enzymeinhibitors.
cancer
breast cancer
leptin
BRCA1
BRCA2
Antibodies
enzyme inhibitors
2014
08
01
3353
3358
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29086_2060f3af740ebc2fa2a6c21ef649a36b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Ovarian Cancer: Interplay of Vitamin D Signaling and miRNA Action
Increasing attention is being devoted to the mechanisms by which cells receive signals and then translatethese into decisions for growth, death, or migration. Recent findings have presented significant breakthroughsin developing a deeper understanding of the activation or repression of target genes and proteins in response tovarious stimuli and of how they are assembled during signal transduction in cancer cells. Detailed mechanisticinsights have unveiled new maps of linear and integrated signal transduction cascades, but the multifaceted natureof the pathways remains unclear. Although new layers of information are being added regarding mechanismsunderlying ovarian cancer and how polymorphisms in VDR gene influence its development, the findings of thisresearch must be sequentially collected and re-interpreted. We divide this multi-component review into differentsegments: how vitamin D modulates molecular network in ovarian cancer cells, how ovarian cancer is controlledby tumor suppressors and oncogenic miRNAs and finally how vitamin D signaling regulates miRNA expression.Intra/inter-population variability is insufficiently studied and a better understanding of genetics of populationwill be helpful in getting a step closer to personalized medicine.
miRNA
signaling
Ovarian Cancer
Apoptosis
Vitamin D
VDR
2014
08
01
3359
3362
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29087_75dccd83ac87dcfd74b9b7ed96405201.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Induction of MicroRNA-9 Mediates Cytotoxicity of Curcumin Against SKOV3 Ovarian Cancer Cells
Background: Curcumin, a phenolic compound extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, has showncytotoxic effects against a variety of cancers. The aim of this study was to identify potential microRNA (miRNA)mediators of the anticancer effects of curcumin in ovarian cancer cells. Materials and Methods: SKOV3 ovariancancer cells were treated with curcumin (10-60 μM) and miR-9 expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosiswere assessed. The effects of miR-9 depletion on curcumin-mediated growth suppression were also examined.Phosphorylation of Akt and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) was measured in cells with miR-9 overexpressionor curcumin treatment. Results: Curcumin caused a significant and dose-dependent increase of miR-9 expressionin SKOV3 cells, while significantly impeding cell proliferation and stimulating apoptosis. Depletion of miR-9significantly (p<0.05) attenuated the growth-suppressive effects of curcumin on SKOV3 cells, coupled withreduced percentages of apoptotic cells. In contrast, overexpression of miR-9 significantly enhanced the cleavageof caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and promoted apoptotic death in SKOV3 cells. Western blotanalysis showed that both miR-9 overexpression and curcumin similarly caused a significant (p<0.05) declinein the phosphorylation of Akt and FOXO1, compared to untreated cells. Conclusions: The present studyprovided evidence that curcumin exerts its cytotoxic effects against SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells largely throughupregulation of miR-9 and subsequent modulation of Akt/FOXO1 axis. Further studies are needed to identifydirect targets of miR-9 that mediate the anticancer effects of curcumin in ovarian cancer cells.
Cancer therapy
MicroRNA
Phytochemical
survival signaling
ovarian cancer cells
2014
08
01
3363
3368
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29088_8763340bfdd316590bbaae45931ab12c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Prognostic Significance of C-reactive Protein in Urological Cancers: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Background: C-reactive protein (CRP), considered as a prototypical inflammatory cytokine, has beenproposed to be involved in tumor progression through inflammation. Recent studies have indicated CRP asa progostic predictor for urological cancers, but the results remain controversial. Materials and Methods: Asystematic search of Medline, Scopus and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify eligible studiespublished between Jan 1, 2001 and Sep 1, 2013. Outcomes of interest were collected from studies comparingoverall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients with elevatedCRP levels and those having lower levels. Studies were pooled, and combined hazard ratio (HR) of CRP withits 95% confidence interval (CI) for survival were used for the effect size estimate. Results: A total of 43 studies(7,490 patients) were included in this meta-analysis (25 for RCC, 10 for UC, and 8 for PC). Our pooled resultsshowed that elevated serum CRP level was associated with poor OS (HR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.22-1.30) and RFS (HR:1.38 95%CI: 1.29-1.47), respectively. For CSS the pooled HR (HR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.28-1.39) for higher CRPexpression could strongly predict poorer survival in urological cancers. Simultaneously, elevated serum CRPwas also significantly associated with poor prognosis in the subgroup analysis. Conclusions: Our pooled resultsdemonstrate that a high serum level of CRP as an inflammation biomarker denotes a poor prognosis of patientswith urological cancers. Further large prospective studies should be performed to confirm whether CRP, as abiomarker of inflammation, has a prognostic role in urological cancer progression.
C-reactive protein
Prognosis
urological cancer
Meta-analysis
2014
08
01
3369
3375
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29089_1dda20c75c8820fffaeb18009c1e32b0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Status is Not Related to Osteopenia/Osteoporosis Risk in Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer increases with vitamin D deficiency as shown in recentlypublished studies. In addition, prospective investigations have indicated that low vitamin D levels may beassociated with increased mortality of colorectal cancer, especially in stage III and IV cases. However, the exactincidence of vitamin D deficiency and the relation between vitamin D deficiency and osteopenia/osteporosis isstill not known. The aim of this study is to identify severity of vitamin D deficiency and absolute risk factors ofosteopenia/osteoporosis in colorectal cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: A total of 113 colorectal cancersurvivors treated with surgery and/or chemotherapy ± radiotherapy were recruited from medical oncologyoutpatient clinics during routine follow-up visits in 2012-2013. Bone mineral densitometry (BMD) was performed,and serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were also checked on the same day of the questionnaire. The patients wasdivided into 2 groups, group A with normal BMD and group B with osteopenia/osteoporosis. Results: Themedian age of the study population was 58 (40-76). Thirty (30.0%) were female, whereas 79 (70.0%) were male.The median follow-up was 48 months (14-120 months). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 109 (96.5%); milddeficiency (20-30 ng/ml) in 19 (16.8%), moderate deficiency (10-20 ng/ml) in 54 (47.8%) and severe deficiency(<10 ng/ml) in 36 (31.9%). Osteopenia was evident in 58 (51.4%) patients whereas osteoporosis was noted in 17(15.0%) . Normal BMD was observed in 38 (33.6%). No apparent effects of type of surgery, presence of stoma,chemotherapy, radiotherapy and TNM stage were found regarding the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis.Also, the severity of the vitamin D deficiency had no effect in the risk of osteopenia and osteporosis (p=0.93). Infemale patients, osteopenia/osteoporosis were observed in 79.5% patients as compared to 60.7% of male patients(p=0.04). Conclusions: In our study, vitamin D deficiency and osteopenia/osteoporosis was observed in 96.5%and 66.4% of colorectal cancer survivors, respectively. There is no defined absolute risk factor of osteopeniaand osteoporosis in colorectal cancer survivors. To our knowledge, in the literature, our study is the first toevaluateall the risk factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in colorectal cancer survivors.
colorectal cancer
cancer
Vitamin D
osteopenia
Osteoporosis
2014
08
01
3377
3381
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29090_9c4a9b507969ecd431c0d96f47c7560f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Economic Evaluation of Prostate Cancer Screening Test as a National Cancer Screening Program in South Korea
Background: Prostate cancer is rapidly increasing in Korea and professional societies have requested addingprostate specific antigen (PSA) testing to the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP), but this started acontroversy in Korea and neutral evidence on this issue is required more than ever. The purpose of this studywas to provide economic evidence to the decision makers of the NCSP. Materials and Methods: A cost-utilityanalysis was performed on the adoption of PSA screening program among men aged 50-74-years in Koreafrom the healthcare system perspective. Several data sources were used for the cost-utility analysis, includinggeneral health screening data, the Korea Central Cancer Registry, national insurance claims data, and causeof mortality from the National Statistical Office. To solicit the utility index of prostate cancer, a face-to-faceinterview for typical men aged 40 to 69 was conducted using a Time-Trade Off method. Results: As a result, theincrease of effectiveness was estimated to be very low, when adopting PSA screening, and the incremental costeffectiveness ratio (ICER) was analyzed as about 94 million KRW. Sensitivity analyses were performed on theincidence rate, screening rate, cancer stage distribution, utility index, and treatment costs but the results wereconsistent with the base analysis. Conclusions: Under Korean circumstances with a relatively low incidence rateof prostate cancer, PSA screening is not cost-effective. Therefore, we conclude that adopting national prostatecancer screening would not be beneficial until further evidence is provided in the future.
Prostatic Neoplasms
Early Detection of Cancer
Cost-benefit analysis
2014
08
01
3383
3389
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29091_295f3d60896d387e416307f3862e7256.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Role of Vitamin D Deficiency and Lack of Sun Exposure in the Incidence of Premenopausal Breast Cancer: a Case Control Study in Sabzevar, Iran
Background: Vitamin D has been suggested as one of the critical factors for female reproductive health withprotective activities against different cancers but there are conflicting facts regarding its role on breast cancerwithout any clear data on premenopausal cases. This study aimed to evaluate the role of vitamin D from dietarysources and sunlight exposure on the incidence of premenopausal breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Weconducted a case control study on 60 newly diagnosed premenopausal breast cancer patients and 116 normalwomen who lived in Sabzevar and surrounding villages in Razavi, Khorasan, a rural and conservative area ofIran. Results: The mean concentrations of 25-OH vitamin D in cases and controls were 15.2±8.15 vs 15.5±7/45ng/ml, both well below normal values elsewhere. In fact 50% of analyzed individuals showed very severe orsevere vitamin D deficiency and the rest (25%) were detected in suboptimal levels. Although the lack of vitaminD and calcium supplementation increased slightly the risk of premenopausal breast cancer (p=0.009, OR=1.115,CI 95%=1.049-1.187), higher prevalence of weekly egg consumption (86.66% vs 96.55%, p=0.023, OR=0.232,CI 95% 0.065-0.806) showed a slight protective role. The last but the most important risk factor was lack ofsunlight exposure because the breast cancer patients had total body coverage from sun (p=0.007, OR=10.131,CI 98% 0.314-78.102). Conclusion: This study pointed out the role of vitamin D and other possible risk factorson the development and growth of breast tumors in this special geographical region. Although this study hasrevealed the interactions between hormonal and environmental factors in this province of Iran, understandingthe deficiency pattern and its contribution to other lifestyle factors elsewhere is also necessary.
Premenopausal breast cancer
Vitamin D
risk factors
Sun exposure
rural Iran
2014
08
01
3391
3396
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29092_e6e03f695cfd2c6c191af541b2471af9.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
A New Cell Counting Method to Evaluate Anti-tumor Compound Activity
Determining cell quantity is a common problem in cytology research and anti-tumor drug development. Asimple and low-cost method was developed to determine monolayer and adherent-growth cell quantities. Thecell nucleus is located in the cytoplasm, and is independent. Thus, the nucleus cannot make contact even if thecell density is heavy. This phenomenon is the foundation of accurate cell-nucleus recognition. The cell nucleus iseasily recognizable in images after fluorescent staining because it is independent. A one-to-one relationship existsbetween the nucleus and the cell; therefore, this method can be used to determine the quantity of proliferatingcells. Results indicated that the activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor Z1 was effective after this methodwas used. The nude-mouse xenograft model also revealed the potent anti-tumor activity of Z1. This researchpresents a new anti-tumor-drug evaluation method.
Cell counting method
nucleus image formation
anti-tumor
2014
08
01
3397
3401
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29093_e38c5f8624d31b51371c08b7bb5aef91.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Risk of Breast Cancer and Total Malignancies in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Undergoing TNF-α Antagonist Therapy: a Meta-analysis of Randomized Control Trials
Context: Interest exits in whether TNF-alpha antagonists increase the risk of breast cancer and totalmalignancies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objectives: To analyze the risk of malignancies, especiallybreast cancer, in patients with RA enrolled in randomized control trials (RCTs). Methods: A systematic literaturesearch for RCTs from 1 January 1998 to 1 July 2013 from online databases, such as PubMed, WILEY, EMBASE,ISI web of knowledge and Cochrane Library was conducted. Studies included RCTs that compared the safetyof at least one dose of the five TNF-α antagonists with placebo or methotrexate (MTX) (or TNF-α antagonistsplus MTX vs placebo plus MTX) in RA patients for more than 24 weeks and imported all the references intodocument management software EndNote×6. Two independent reviewers selected studies and extracted the dataabout study design, patients’ characteristics and the type, number of all malignancies. Results: 28 RCTs from34 records with 11,741 patients were analyzed. Of the total, 97 developed at least one malignancy during thedouble-blind trials, and breast cancer was observed in 17 patients (17.5% of total malignancies). However, therewas no statistically significant increased risk observed in either the per protocol (PP) model (OR 0.65, 95%CI[0.22, 1.93]) or the modified intention to treat (mITT) model (OR 0.75, 95%CI [0.25, 2.21]). There were alsono significant trend for increased risk of total malignancies on anti-TNF-α therapy administered at approveddoses in either model (OR, 1.06, 95%CI [0.64, 1.75], and OR, 1.30, 95%CI [0.80, 2.14], respectively). As to thetwo models, modified intention to treat model analysis led to higher estimation than per protocol model analysis.Conclusions: This study did not find a significantly increased risk of breast cancer and total malignancies inadults RA patients treated with TNF-α antagonists at approved doses. However, it cannot be ignored that morepatients developed malignancies with TNF-α antagonists therapy compared with patients with placebo or MTX,in spite of the lack of statistical significance, so that more strict clinical trials and long-term follow-up are needed,and both mITT and PP analyses should be used in such safety analyses.
TNF-α antagonist therapy
Rheumatoid arthritis
breast cancer
malignancies
Meta Analysis
2014
08
01
3403
3410
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29094_e0feceaaa7b7c1750e41e51a0a29df12.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Cytomorphologic Patterns of Breast Lesions in Sudanese Patients: Lessons Learned from Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Background: Cytology for breast lesions is a safe, rapid and cost-effective with a high specificity and sensitivity.Objective: To determine the cytomorphologic patterns of breast lesions identified among a group of Sudanesepatients. Materials and Methods: This study included 759 patients undergoing either a fine needle aspirationFNA, nipple discharge (ND) smears or breast skin scraping (SS) at a cytology clinic in Khartoum. Clinical anddemographic data were reviewed. Stained smears were categorized into: inadequate sample, normal breast,benign lesion, suspicious, or malignant neoplasm. Results: Of the 759 cases, 734 (96.71%) were FNA, 18 (2.37%)ND and 7 cases (0.92%) SS. For 28 cases, FNA was done under ultrasound guidance. Females were 720 (94.86%).Benign lesions were 423 (55.75%) and 248 (32.67%) were malignant and 77 (10.14%) of smears were normalwithout any detected abnormality. Ten (1.31%) cases were suspicious for malignancy, and only one case (0.13%)was reported as inadequate. Most lesions were observed among the age group 30 years and above. Conclusions:Most patients investigated have benign lesions, one third of cytological smears were malignant. FNAC is a usefultool for investigating breast lesions in limited-resource settings.
Breast
cytomorphology
fine needle aspiration cytology
Sudan
2014
08
01
3411
3413
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29095_580b34df994036c96b719fcb2a165b33.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Lack of Relation of AKAP12 with p53 and Bcl-2 in Colorectal Carcinoma
Background: AKAP12 inhibits oncogenic proliferation, invasion, chemotaxis and neovascularization. Bcl-2 andp53 are two important apoptotic markers that play roles in apoptotic processes. It has been found that AKAP12blocks the cell cycle and induces apoptosis in fibrosarcoma cells. In our study we assessed the relationship ofAKAP12 with apoptotic markers, Bcl-2 and p53. Materials and Methods: Our study included 45 cases that werehistopathologically diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma from the tissue samples acquired by surgical resection.AKAP 12, Bcl-2, and p53 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: A total of 45 colorectaladenocarcinoma patients - 17 (37.8%) females and 28 (62.2%) males - were included in this study. AKAP12expression was found to be negative in 8 patients (17.8%), and positive in 37 patients (82.2%). Bcl-2 was foundpositive in 6 patients (13.3%) and p53 in 29 patients (55.6%). AKAP12 expression had no significant relation withBcl-2 and p53 expression (p:0.939, p:0.079, respectively). Conclusions: Although various studies have pointed toapoptotic activity of AKAP12, the literature is limited regarding relations with p53 or Bcl-2 expression. In thepresent study, we found no relation in colorectal carcinomas.
Colorectal carcinoma
Apoptosis
AKAP12
p53
Bcl-2
2014
08
01
3415
3418
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29096_94b66c905e329a063f6dbc5c4742c5e2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Effectiveness and Safety of Pemetrexed Versus Docetaxel as a Treatment for Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Background: Our aim was to conduct a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of pemetrexedand docetaxel for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: We systematically searchedthe Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, China Biology Medicine Database for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) comparing the efficacy and toxicities of pemetrexed versus docetaxel as a treatment for advancedNSCLC. We limited the languages to English and Chinese. Two reviewers independently screened articles toidentify eligible trials according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed the methodological qualityof included trials, and then extracted data. The meta-analysis was performed using STATA12.0. Results: SixRCTs involving 1,414 patients were identified. We found that there was no statistically significant differencesin overall response rate, survival time, progression-free survival, disease control rate, and 1-2yr survival rate(p>0.050) but it is worthy of mention that patients in the pemetrexed arms had significantly higher 3-yr survivalrate (P=0.002). With regard to the grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicity, compared with docetaxel, pemetrexedled to lower rate of grade 3-4 febrile neutropenia, neutropenia, and leukocyts toxicity (p<0.001). There was nosignificant difference in anemia between the two arms (p=0.08). In addition, pemetrexed led to higher rate ofgrade 3-4 thrombocytopenia toxicity (p=0.03). As for the non-hematological toxicities, compared with docetaxel,pemetrexed group had lower rate of grade 3-4 diarrhea and alopecia. Conclusions: Pemetrexed was almost aseffective as docetaxel in patients with advanced NSCLC. At the same time, pemetrexed might increase the 3-yrsurvival rate. As for safety, pemetrexed led to lower rate of grade 3-4 febrile neutropenia, neutropenia, leukocytes,diarrhea and alopecia toxicity. However, it was associated with a higher rate of grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia.
Non-small-cell-lung- cancer
Pemetrexed
Docetaxel
Meta-analysis
2014
08
01
3419
3424
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29097_3d54f357868937649a1c9d2ae6bca8fa.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Application of Computed Tomography for Differential Diagnosis of Glioma Stoke and Simple Cerebral Hemorrhage
Objective: To explore the value of computed tomography (CT) in the differential diagnosis of glioma strokeand simple cerebral hemorrhage. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 patients with glioma stroke and strokeas the initial symptom in our hospital from Jun., 2009 to Oct., 2013 were selected along with 50 individuals withsimple cerebral hemorrhage in the same period randomly collected as a control group. The CT results in bothgroups were analyzed and compared. Results: In the observation group, there were 25 patients with astrocytoma(55.6%), 11 with oligodendroglioma (24.4%), 8 with ependymoma (17.2%) and 1 with glioblastoma multiforma(GBM, 2.22%). Additionally, the major CT manifestation was coexistence of hemorrhage and tumor signs. Bycomparison, it could be found that the proportions of patients respectively with peripheral edema and spaceoccupyingeffect in the observation group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions:Application of CT examination combined with medical history in patients has very important clinical value inthe differential diagnosis of glioma stroke and simple cerebral hemorrhage.
Glioma
simple cerebral hemorrhage
Computed Tomography
Differential diagnosis
2014
08
01
3425
3428
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29098_11f867757585ca38bcaa93a6363011b7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Effect of Perceived Social Support on Psychosocial Adjustment of Turkish Patients with Breast Cancer
Aims: To identify the psychosocial adjustment of Turkish patients with breast cancer and the effects ofperceived social support on their adjustment. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 100 volunteeringpatients diagnosed with breast cancer in the last six months reporting to the Outpatient Chemotherapy Unit atthe Medical Faculty Hospital in northern Turkey. The data for the study were collected through the DescriptiveInformation Form, the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale-Self-reflection (PAIS-SR) and the Cancer-SpecificSocial Support Scale and analyzed via SPSS 16.0 for Windows. Descriptive statistics, Chi square test, ANOVAand correlation were used to evaluate data. Results: There was a negative significant correlation between meanscores in the sub-scales of the social support scale and the ones in the sub-scales of the psychosocial adjustmentto illness scale (p<0.05). Similarly, there was a negative significant correlation between confidence supportand health care orientation as well as adjustment to social environment. Likewise, emotional support was ina negative significant correlation with health care orientation, adjustment to domestic environment, extendedfamily relationships and adjustment to social environment. Conclusions: It was concluded that social supportfor patients with breast cancer had an influence on their psychosocial adjustment to illness. Holistic care shouldbe given to breast cancer patients by oncology nurses especially in the first six months of treatment. It could beconcluded that patients should be accompanied by their family/relatives in treatment and care following theirdiagnosis with breast cancer, that their family should be made more aware of the fact that the patient should bephysically and psychologically supported, that patients with breast cancer should be provided with domiciliarycare, and that they should be encouraged to participate in social support groups.
Social Support
breast cancer
nursing care
support groups
2014
08
01
3429
3434
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29099_ffcd9be1dad20b117ae67090e749fbae.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Long-Term Survival of Women with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer with ≥10 Involved Lymph Nodes at Diagnosis
Background: Axillary lymph node status at diagnosis remains the strongest predictor of long-term survivalin breast cancer. Patients with more than ten axillary lymph nodes at diagnosis have a poor long-term survival.In this single institutional study, we set out to evaluate the prognosis of this high-risk group in the era ofmultimodality therapy. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we looked at all breast cancer patientswith greater than ten axillary lymph nodes diagnosed at Mount Sinai Medical Center (MSMC) from January 1st1990 to December 31st 2007 (n=161). In the univariate analysis, descriptive frequencies, median survival, and5- and 10-year survival rates were estimated for common prognostic factors. A multivariate prognostic analysisfor time-to-event data, using the extended Cox regression model was carried out. Results: With a median andmean follow-up of 70 and 89.9 months, respectively, the overall median survival was estimated to be 99 months.The five-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 59.3% and the ten-year DFS was 37.9%, whereas the five- andten-year overall survival (OS) was 66.6% and 43.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed a significantimprovement in DFS among black patients compared to whites (p=0.05), improved DFS and OS among youngpatients (ages 21-45) compared to elderly patients (age greater than 70) (p=0.00176, p=0.0034, respectively),and improved DFS and OS among patients whose tumors were ER positive (p=0.049, p=0.0034). Conclusions:In this single institution study of patients with greater than 10 positive axillary nodes, black patients had asignificantly improved DFS compared with white patients. Young age and ER tumor positivity was associatedwith improved outcomes. Using multivariate analysis, there were no other variables associated with statisticallysignificant improvements in DFS or OS including date of diagnosis. Further work is needed to improve breastcancer survival in this subgroup of patients.
locally advanced breast cancer
greater than 10 nodes
Breast cancer survival
2014
08
01
3435
3441
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29100_e318724411b8ec12bc4994a5cc0a4665.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Predictive Factors for Neutropenia after Docetaxel-Based Systemic Chemotherapy in Korean Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
The aim of this study was to determine predictive factors for neutropenia after docetaxel-based systemicchemotherapy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The study included 40 KoreanCRPC patients who were treated with several cycles of docetaxel plus prednisolone from May 2005 to May 2012.Patients were evaluated for neutropenia risk factors and for the incidence of neutropenia. In this study, nine outof forty patients (22.5%) developed neutropenia during the first cycle of docetaxel-based systemic chemotherapy.Four experienced grade 2, three grade 3, and one grade 4 neutropenia. Multivariate analysis showed thatpretreatment white blood cell (WBC) count (p=0.042), pretreatment neutrophil count (p=0.015), pretreatmentserum creatinine level (p=0.027), and pretreatment serum albumin level (p=0.017) were significant predictivefactors for neutropenia. In conclusion, pretreatment WBC counts, neutrophil counts, serum creatinine levels,and serum albumin levels proved to be significant independent risk factors for the development of neutropeniainduced by docetaxel-based systemic chemotherapy in patients with CRPC.
neutropenia
Prostate Cancer
Docetaxel
predictive factor
2014
08
01
3443
3446
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28465_4b42ddd0b07ff45d563ebb67518eb048.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Clinical Efficacy of Bevacizumab Concomitant with Pemetrexed in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of bevacizumab concomitant with pemetrexed in patients withadvanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients were randomlydivided into a combination group (pemetrexed+bevacizumab, n=36) and a pemetrexed group (n=36) and assessedfor disease control (CR+PR+SD) after 4-cycles of first-line GP chemotherapy (gemcitabine+cisplatin). Clinicalefficacy, progression-free survival time (PFS), overall survival time (OS), overall response rate (ORR), diseasecontrol rate (DCR) and rate of adverse responses between two groups were observed and compared. Results:ORR and DCR were 27.8% and 83.4% in combination group, and 16.7% and 69.5% in the pemetrexed group,respectively, but there were no significant differences (P>0.05). PFS in combination group and pemetrexedgroup were 4.6 months and 3.9 months respectively (P=0.09), whereas OS in the combination group was 14months, evidently higher than in the pemetrexed group (11 months, P=0.004). Adverse responses in both groupsincluded high blood pressure, bleeding, thrombocytopenia, anemia, elevated transaminase, diarrhea, vomitingand proteinuria, but there were no significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusions: Bevacizumab concomitantwith pemetrexed has better clinical efficacy and safety, giving rise to prolonged survival time in patients withadvanced NSCLC.
Bevacizumab
Pemetrexed
Combined Treatment
non-small cell lung cancer
2014
08
01
3447
3450
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28466_31e9ee23b1db3de63370779098bdcc13.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Analysis of CEA Expression and EGFR Mutation Status in Non-small Cell Lung Cancers
Background: The serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level can reflect tumor growth, recurrence andmetastasis. It has been reported that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in exons 19 and 21mayhave an important relationship with tumor cell sensitivity to EGFR -TKI therapy. In this study, we investigatedthe clinical value of EGFR mutations and serum CEA in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Materials and Methods: The presence of mutations in EGFR exons 19 and 21 in the tissue samples of 315 patientswith NSCLC was detected with real-time fluorescent PCR technology, while the serum CEA level in cases who hadnot yet undergone surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy were assessed by electrochemicalluminescence. Results: The mutation rates in EGFR exons 19 and 21 were 23.2% and 14.9%, respectively, withthe two combined in 3.81%. Measured prior to the start of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targetedtreatment, serum CEA levels were abnormally high in 54.3% of the patients. In those with a serum CEA level <5ng/mL, the EGFR mutation rate was 18.8%, while with 5~19 ng/mL and ≥20 ng/mL, the rates were 36.4% and62.5%. In addition, in the cohort of patients with the CEA level being 20~49 ng/mL, the EGFR mutation rate was85.7%, while in those with the CEA level ≥50 ng/mL, the EGFR mutation rate was only 20.0%, approximatelythe same as in cases with the CEA level<5 ng/mL. Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between serumCEA expression level and EGFR mutation status in NSCLC patients, namely the EGFR mutation-positive rateincreases as the serum CEA expression level rises within a certain range (≥20 ng/mL, especially 20~49 ng/mL).If patient samples are not suitable for EGFR mutation testing, or cannot be obtained at all, testing serum CEAlevels might be a simple and easy screening method. Hence, for the NSCLC patients with high serum CEA level(≥20 ng/mL, especially 20~49 ng/mL), it is worthy of attempting EGFR-TKI treatment, which may achieve betterclinical efficacy and quality of life.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen
EGF receptor
non-small cell lung cancer
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
2014
08
01
3451
3455
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28467_bfab819754c3e0bbe0470d25faa4f8cf.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Molecular Markers for Patients with Thymic Malignancies: not Feasible at Present?
Background: Thymomas and thymic carcinomas are rare malignancies and devising clinically effectivemolecular targeted therapies is a major clinical challenge. The aim of the study was to analyze BLC2 andvascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) expression and KRAS and EGFR mutational status andto correlate them with the clinical characteristics of patients with thymomas and thymic carcinomas. Materialsand Methods: A total of 62 patients (mean age: 50.4±13.2 years) with thymomas and thymic carcinomas wereenrolled. The expression of BLC2 and VEGFR in tumor cells and normal tissues was evaluated by RT-PCR.The mutational status of the KRAS and EGFR genes was investigated by PCR with sequence specific primers.Results: The BLC2 and VEGFR expression levels did not differ significantly between tumor and normal tissues.Moreover, there were no clearly pathogenic mutations in KRAS or EGFR genes in any tumor. None of themolecular markers were significantly related to clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Changes in levels of expressionof BLC2 and VEGFR do not appear to be involved in thymic tumorigenesis. Moreover, our data suggest thatKRAS and EGFR mutations do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of thymomas and thymic carcinomas.
thymoma
Thymic carcinoma- BCL2
VEGFR
KRAS
EGFR
2014
08
01
3457
3460
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29101_a36ea092eb3879740557a5c86194f9c5.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Diagnostic Value of Endocervical Curettage for DetectingDysplastic Lesions in Women with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASC-US) and Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) Papanicolaou Smears
Background: To determine the frequency of dysplastic lesions in the endocervical curettage (ECC) specimensof women with ASC-US and LSIL Pap and to evaluate the possible factors associated with high grade dysplasia inthose ECC specimens. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixty patients with ASC-US and LSIL cytologicsmears who underwent an ECC at the time of colposcopic examination during January 2010 and December2012 were reviewed. Demographic and clinicopathologic data were collected. Multivariate analysis using binarylogistic regression was used to identify factors that might be associated with high grade endocervical dysplasia.Results: The frequency of endocervical dysplasia was 7.7% (20 out of 260 patients). Cervical intraepithelialneoplasia (CIN) 1 and CIN 2-3 lesions in the endocervical canal were observed in 12 and 8 patients, respectively.No microinvasive or invasive cervical cancers were identified. There was no difference in the frequency of highgrade endocervical dysplasia between the patients with satisfactory and unsatisfactory colposcopic examinations(1.4% vs 5.1%, respectively, p=0.087). A multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significantassociation between high grade CIN on ectocervical biopsy as well as LSIL cytologic smears and high gradedysplasia in endocervical canal (OR=0.046, 95%CI=0.007-0.288; p=0.001 and OR=0.154, 95%CI=0.025-0.942;p=0.043, respectively). Conclusions: The frequency of high grade endocervical dysplasia in women with ASC-USand LSIL cytologic smears was low. Therefore, routine performance of ECC in those women is debatable. Highgrade ectocervical dysplasia and LSIL cytologic smears may be used as predictors for high grade dysplasia inendocervical canal and ECC in these patients is reasonable.
endocervical curettage
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
endocervical dysplasia
2014
08
01
3461
3464
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29102_81ebdb1db21a35c02307aef1cd7d3337.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Family History and Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Background: Previous studies have generated conflicting evidence regarding associations between familyhistory and survival after gastric cancer surgery. In this study, we investigated this question using a meta-analysis.Materials and Methods: To identify relevant studies, PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to June2013. Two reviewers independently assessed search results and data extraction of included studies. Hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS) were calculated based on fixed- or randomeffectsmodels. Homogeneity of effects across studies was assessed using x2 test statistics and quantified by I2.Results: A total of five studies were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The total number of patientsincluded was 2,030, which ranged from 145 to 598 per study. There was no significant difference in OS by familyhistory of cancer (HR=0.83, 95%CIs=0.50-1.38), but subgroup analysis of patients with a first-degree familyhistory of cancer (HR=0.74, 95%CIs=0.60-0.93) and gastric cancer family history (HR=0.56, 95%CIs=0.41-0.76)tended to show better OS in these patients. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that a first-degree familyhistory of cancer or gastric cancer family history is associated with better survival of gastric cancer patientsafter surgery, after a systematic review of five previous studies. These results can be applied by clinicians whencounselling patients regarding their risk of death from gastric cancer. Further study is needed to investigate theunderlying mechanism between family history and survival in gastric cancer patients.
family history
Meta-analysis
Prognosis
Stomach neoplasms
survival
2014
08
01
3465
3470
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29103_b8a27f9e17a397967de4242e330f9ef4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Exosome-derived microRNA-29c Induces Apoptosis of BIU-87 Cells by Down Regulating BCL-2 and MCL-1
Background: Aberrant expression of the microRNA-29 family is associated with tumorigenesis and cancerprogression. As transport carriers, tumor-derived exosomes are released into the extracellular space and regulatemultiple functions of target cells. Thus, we assessed the possibility that exosomes could transport microRNA-29c as a carrier and correlations between microRNA-29c and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Materials andMethods: A total of 28 cancer and adjacent tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry to detect BCL-2and MCL-1 expression. Disease was Ta-T1 in 12 patients, T2-T4 in 16, grade 1 in 8, 2 in 8 and 3 in 12. Theexpression of microRNA-29c in cancer tissues was detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (QRTPCR).An adenovirus containing microRNA-29c was used to infect the BIU-87 human bladder cancer cell line.MicroRNA-29c in exosomes was measured by QRT-PCR. After BIU-87 cells were induced by exosomes-derivedmicroRNA-29c, QRT-PCR was used to detect the level of microRNA-29c. Apoptosis was examined by flowcytometry and BCL-2 and MCL-1 mRNA expressions were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chainreaction. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression of BCL-2 and MCL-1. Results: Theexpressions of BCL-2 and MCL-1 protein were remarkably increased in bladder carcinoma (p<0.05), but wasfound mainly in the basal and suprabasal layers in adjacent tissues. The expression of microRNA-29c in cancertissues was negatively correlated with the BCL-2 and MCL-1. The expression level of microRNA-29c in exosomesand BIU-87 cells from the experiment group was higher than that in control groups (p<0.05). Exosome-derivedmicroRNA-29c induced apoptosis (p<0.01). Although only BCL-2 was reduced at the mRNA level, both BCL-2and MCL-1 were reduced at the protein level. Conclusions: Human bladder cancer cells infected by microRNA-29c adenovirus can transport microRNA-29c via exosomes. Moreover, exosome-derived microRNA29c inducesapoptosis in bladder cancer cells by down-regulating BCL-2 and MCL-1.
exosomes
microRNA-29c
bladder cancer cells
Apoptosis
2014
08
01
3471
3476
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29104_0ca8da54b27458f904711dac15ea2300.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma: Evidence from a Meta-analysis of Population-based Studies
Objective: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of extra-intestinal cancer,whereas its impact on cholangiocarcinoma (CC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to obtain a reliableestimate of the risk of CC in IBD patients through a meta-analysis of clinical observational studies. Methods:Relevant studies were retrieved by searching PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of Science Databases up to Dec2013. Four population-based case-control and two cohort studies with IBD were identified. Summary relativerisk (RR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model.Potential sources of heterogeneity were detected using subgroup analyses. Results: The pooled risk estimateindicated IBD patients were at increased risk of CC (RR = 2.63, 95%CI = 1.47-4.72). Moreover, the increasedrisk of CC was also associated with Crohn’s disease (RR = 2.69, 95%CI = 1.59-4.55) and ulcerative colitis (RR =3.40, 95%CI = 2.50-4.62). In addition, site-specific analyses revealed that IBD patients had an increased risk ofintrahepatic CC (ICC) (RR = 2.61, 95%CI = 1.72-3.95) and extrahepatic CC (ECC) (RR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.10-1.97). Conclusions: This study suggests the risk of CC is significantly increased among IBD patients, especiallyin ICC cases. Further studies are warranted to enable definite conclusions to be drawn.
Inflammatory bowel disease
cholangiocarcinoma
Meta-analysis
Relative risk
2014
08
01
3477
3482
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29105_8184c1c15d3867fc6e3cffbb58e1cee0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
See-and-Treat Approach to Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions in HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center
Background: To evaluate the overtreatment rate with the see and treat approach in the management of womenwith abnormal cervical cytology. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients with abnormalcervical cytology who underwent S&T at MSMC between January 2008 and December 2012 was conducted.Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), histological results, cytology and colposcopic impression wereanalyzed to evaluate overtreatment rate, cyto-histologic correlation and related factors. Results: Average age ofS&T cases was 42 years. Ninety seven percents were referred from affiliated health care providers. The studyrevealed 83.2% patients had HSIL or higher from cervical cytology. Correlation between HSIL and final histologywas relatively low at 75% compared to other studies. Overtreatment rate was 28%. Conclusions: S&T was donein 197 patients in a tertiary care health facility with patient satisfaction. Overtreatment occurred, but the ratecan be reduced with appropriate recommendations. HSIL Pap smears should be reexamined before S&T whilelow grade and lesser colposcopic impression groups should obtain conventional colposcopic approach for patientfuture reproductive benefit.
High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
overtreatment
See and treat
2014
08
01
3483
3486
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29106_f989be2032a1e0116227865e8f21c48a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Symptom Frequency of Children with Cancer and Parent Quality of Life in Turkey
Background: This research was planned with the aim of determining the effect of symptom frequency ofchildren with cancer on the quality of life of their parents. Materials and Methods: In gathering the researchdata, the Child and Parent Information Form, the Symptom Evaluation Form and the Family Version of LifeQuality Scale in Cancer Patients were used. Evaluation was made by using percentage calculations, KruskalWallis test, Bonferroni adjusted t-test and Bonferroni adjusted Mann-Whitney U test. The significance levelwas accepted as 0.005. Results: Some 37.6% of the participant children were female and 62.4% were male, withan average age of 10.2±4.5. While 41.0% were newly diagnosed, 46.2% were in remission and 12.8% was inrelapse. Highly significant differences were detected according to the symptom frequency with parent physicaland psychological health, social anxiety, and spiritual wellness sub-dimensions, as well as total point averages.Conclusions: It is thought that following up the symptoms that might develop depending on cancer diagnosisand treatment and implementing nursing initiatives aimed at reducing the symptoms, knowing the importanceof life quality, maintaining measures aimed at life quality and planning initiatives to increase the life qualitywill play a key role in maintaining and developing the health of Turkish paediatric oncology patients and theirparents.
Quality of Life
symptom frequency
cancer child
Family
symptom frequency and quality of life
2014
08
01
3487
3493
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29107_d18d110529d901da9362fcc469240caa.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
MAGED4 Expression in Glioma and Upregulation in Glioma Cell Lines with 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine Treatment
Melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) family genes have been considered as potentially promising targets foranticancer immunotherapy. MAGED4 was originally identified as a glioma-specific antigen. Current knowledgeabout MAGED4 expression in glioma is only based on mRNA analysis and MAGED4 protein expression has notbeen elucidated. In the present study, we investigated this point and found that MAGED4 mRNA and protein wereabsent or very lowly expressed in various normal tissues and glioma cell line SHG44, but overexpressed in gliomacell lines A172,U251,U87-MG as well as glioma tissues, with significant heterogeneity. Furthermore, MAGED4protein expression was positively correlated with the glioma type and grade. We also found that the expressionof MAGED4 inversely correlated with the overall methylation status of the MAGED4 promoter CpG island.Furthermore, when SHG44 and A172 with higher methylation were treated with the DNA demethylating agent5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) reactivation of MAGED4 mRNA was mediated by significant demethylationin SHG44 instead of A172. However, 5-AZA-CdR treatment had no effect on MAGED4 protein in both SHG44and A172 cells. In conclusion, MAGED4 is frequently and highly expressed in glioma and is partly regulated byDNA methylation. The results suggest that MAGED4 might be a promising target for glioma immunotherapycombined with 5-AZA-CdR to enhance its expression and eliminate intratumor heterogeneity.
MAGED4
Expression
methylation
Glioma
2014
08
01
3495
3501
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29108_6a07900617bcfecd6ba7bd21ad61d696.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Correlations Between Serum IL33 and Tumor Development: a Meta-analysis
Background: Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has recently been implicated in tumor development. Methods: Datawas obtained from PubMed, EMBASE, Clinical trial, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfangdatabases. After quality assessment and data extraction, a meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager5. 2 software. Results: There were eight documents included in this meta-analysis. The results showed IL33 levelsto be higher in tumor patients than that in health people, but no correlations tumor stage, metastasis and survivaltime of tumor patients were evident. Conclusion: IL33 may be useful as an alarm factor in tumor detection andprognosis.
IL33
Tumor
Meta-analysis
2014
08
01
3503
3505
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29109_07b713adb199a07d774244e719c6cbd2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
The Prostaglandin Synthase 2/cyclooxygenase 2 (PTGS2/COX2) rs5277 Polymorphism Does not Influence Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population
Background: The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 [PTGS2, commonly known as cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)] is an enzyme induced by proinflammatory stimuli that is often overexpressed in malignant tissue andinvolved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, regulators of processes such as inflammation, cellproliferation, and angiogenesis, all relevant for cancer development. We investigated whether a functional geneticpolymorphism, rs5277, in COX-2 may have a risk-modifying effect on sporadic colorectal cancer in an Iranianpopulation. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case-control study on 167 patients with colorectal cancerand 197 cancer-free controls in Taleghani Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between 2007 and 2011. Peripheral bloodsamples of both groups were processed for DNA extraction and genotyping of the COX-2 gene polymorphism(rs5277) using PCR-RFLP. RFLP results were confirmed by direct sequencing. Logistic regression analysis wasperformed to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: There wasno significant difference in the distribution of COX-2 gene rs5277 polymorphism genotype and the allelic form,among CRC patients compared with the healthy control group (p: 0.867). Conclusions: Our results suggest thatrs5277 polymorphism in COX2 could not be a good prognostic indicator for patients with CRC.
colorectal cancer
Cyclooxygenase-2
Genetic polymorphism
Iran
2014
08
01
3507
3511
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29110_7105c1349e96ce4a298d8451975bff9e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Prognostic Significance of 14-3-3γ Overexpression in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
The 14-3-3 protein has been shown to be involved in the cancer process. However, there is no understandingof the relationship between 14-3-3γ (14-3-3 gamma) expression and prognosis in advanced non-small cell lungcancer. In this study, we therefore investigated the association between protein levels by immunohistochemistryand clinicopathological features of advanced NSCLC patients. Survival curves were estimated using theKaplan-Meier method and tested by log-rank. Multivariate analysis was conducted with the Cox’s regressionmodel to determine independence of factors. p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. A total 153patients were studied, with 54.3% being stage III and 45.8% stage IV. Fifty-one cases (33.3%) were squamouscell carcinomas, and 98 cases (64.1%) were adenocarcinomas. High 14-3-3γ expression was seen in 59.5% andsignificantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.010) and distant metastasis (p=0.017). On Kaplan-Meieranalysis, high 14-3-3γ expression was associated with poorer survival with a marginal trend toward significance(p=0.055). On multivariate analysis, age, treatment, and 14-3-3γ expression proved to be independent prognosticparameters. In vitro experiments indicated that 14-3-3γ overexpression also played a potential role in cancerinvasion. In conclusion, our data suggest that 14-3-3γ overexpression is associated with invasion and a poorprognosis. Therefore, 14-3-3γ may be a potential prognostic marker of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
14-3-3γ
immunohistochemistry
non-small cell lung cancer
Invasion
Metastasis
2014
08
01
3513
3518
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29111_bfe73ac7c15f7c1e1f2842d92c146ec2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Comparative Analysis of Oct4 in Different Histological Subtypes of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Different Clinical Conditions
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis. It hasbeen hypothesized that Oct4 positive radioresistant stem cells may be responsible for tumor recurrence. Hence,we evaluated Oct4 expression in ESCC in pre-treatment, post neo-adjuvant residual and post-surgical recurrenttumours. Materials and Methods: Endoscopic mucosal biopsies were used to study Oct4 expression and theobservations were correlated with histological tumor grades, patient data and clinical background. Results: Allpatients presented with dysphagia with male predominance and a wide age range. Majority of the patients hadintake of mixed diet, history of alcohol and tobacco intake was documented in less than half of the patients. Oct4 expression was significantly higher in poorly differentiated (PDSCC) and basaloid (BSCC) subtypes than theother better differentiated tumor morphology. Oct4 was also expressed by adjoining esophageal mucosa showinglow grade dysplasia and basal cell hyperplasia (BCH). Biopsies in PDSCC and BSCC groups were more likelyto show a positive band for Oct4 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dysplasia and BCH mucosa also showedOct4 positivity by PCR. All mucosal biopsies with normal morphology were negative for Oct4. Number of tissuesamples showing Oct4 positivity by PCR was higher than that by the conventional immunohistochemistry (p>0.05).Oct4 expression pattern correlated only with tumor grading, not with other parameters including the clinicalbackground or patient data. Conclusions: Our observations highlighted a possible role of Oct4 in identifyingputative cancer stem cells in ESCC pathobiology and response to treatment. The implications are either in vivoexistence of Oct4 positive putative cancer stem cells in ESCC or acquisition of cancer stem cell properties bytumor cells as a response to treatment given, resulting ultimately an uncontrolled cell proliferation and treatmentfailure.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Oct4
Cancer Stem Cell
2014
08
01
3519
3524
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29112_e88b4000f1c7c57e824186f39c94da58.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Diagnostic Accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET in Patients with Testicular Cancer: a Meta-analysis
Objective: Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) is a new techniquefor identifying different malignant tumors using different uptake values between tumor cells and normal tissues.Here we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET in patients with testicular cancer by pooling data ofexisting trials in a meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Trials databaseswere searched and studies published in English relating to the diagnostic value of FDG-PET for testicularcancer were collected. The summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was used to examine theFDG-PET accuracy. Results: A total of 16 studies which included 957 examinations in 807 patients (median age,31.1 years) were analyzed. A meta-analysis was performed to combine the sensitivity and specificity and their95% confidence intervals (CIs), from diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), positive likelihood ratios (PLR), negativelikelihood ratio (NLR). SROC were derived to demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET for testicularcancer. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.75 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.70-0.80) and 0.87 (95%CI, 0.84-0.89), respectively. The pooled DOR was 35.6 (95% CI, 12.9-98.3). The area under the curve (AUC) was0.88. The pooled PLR and pooled NLR were 7.80 (95% CI, 3.73-16.3) and 0.31 (95% CI, 0.23-0.43), respectively.Conclusion: In patients with testicular cancer, 18F-FDG-PET demonstrated a high SROC area, and could be apotentially useful tool if combined with other imaging methods such as MRI and CT. Nevertheless, the literaturefocusing on the use of 18F-FDG-PET in this setting still remains limited.
18F-FDG-PET - testicular cancer –
diagnosis - meta-analysis
2014
08
01
3525
3531
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29113_b5ca0e02753202339c00f5af7bf714f4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Health-related Quality of Life in Women with Breast Cancer: a Literature-based Review of Psychometric Properties of Breast Cancer-specific Measures
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women in the world. Health-relatedquality of life (HRQL) at treatment endpoint in cancer clinical trials is widely considered to be increasinglyimportant. The aim of this review was to provide a literature-based assessment of the validity, reliability andresponsiveness of breast cancer-specific HRQL instruments in women breast cancer patients. Materials andMethods: The databases consulted were Medline, PubMed, and Embase. The inclusion criteria required studiesto: (1) involve use of HRQL measures; (2) cover women with breast cancer under standard treatment (surgery,radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy); (3) involve the validity, reliability,or responsiveness of HRQL; (4) deal with validation of breast cancer-specific HRQL instruments. Results: Atotal of 16 studies were identified through the literature search that met the 4 inclusion criteria. Some seveninstruments were assessed among these 16 studies: EORTC QLQ-BR23, FACT-B, FACT-ES, HFRDIS, LSQ-32, QLICP-BR, and SLDS-BC. EORTC QLQ-BR23, FACT-B, LSQ-32, QLICP-BR, and SLDS-BC are moregeneral breast cancer-specific HRQL instruments. FACT-EB is the endocrine subscale combined with FACT-Bin order to measure the side effects and putative benefits of hormonal treatment administered in breast cancerpatients. HFRDIS is the HRQL measure focusing on hot flash concerns. Conclusions: This paper provides anoverall understanding on the currently available breast cancer-specific HRQL instruments in women breastcancer patients.
breast cancer
Health-related quality of life
instrument
Validity
Reliability
2014
08
01
3533
3536
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29114_d207912e47367bffc30ce42498daed26.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Clinicopathologic Features and Prognosis of Osteosarcoma in Turkish Adults
Background: Osteosarcomas are the most common solid malignancies of bone. In the last two decadesthere have been no concrete developments in their systemic treatment. In this trial we aimed to present ourosteosarcoma patient clinical and demographic outcomes. Materials and Methods: Patients treated and followedup for osteosarcoma in Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital from 2002 to 2012 were reviewedretrospectively. Results: A total of 21 patients (15 male, 6 female) were diagnosed with osteosarcoma. The diseasewas located at extremities in 76% and in 14% was metastatic at the time of diagnosis. Median disease free survival(DFS) was 36 months in non-metastatic patients and median progression free survival (PFS) was 2 months inmetastatic patients (p<0.0001). Median overall survival (OS) was 80 months and 4 months, respectively (p=0.012).There were no survival differences in terms of presentation with pathological fracture, tumor size, tumor grade,alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase level and type of chemotherapy regimen. Conclusions: Tumorsite and stages are the most important prognostic factors for osteosarcoma. Extremity primary tumors have betersurvival rates than non-extremity tumors. As a result of the use of effective chemotherapy the long term survivalrates have improved from 10-20% to 60-70% in the last decades but we need more active agents, especially formetastatic cases.
osteosarcoma
treatment
Prognosis
Adults
2014
08
01
3537
3540
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29115_f1fbb3ef70d08600072b7a1a77863dc2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Molecular Genetic Studies on 167 Pediatric ALL Patients from Different Areas of Pakistan Confirm a Low Frequency of the Favorable Prognosis Fusion Oncogene TEL-AML1 (t 12; 21) in Underdeveloped Countries of the Region
TEL-AML1 fusion oncogene (t 12; 21) is the most common chromosomal abnormality in childhood acutelymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This translocation is associated with a good prognosis and rarely showschemotherapeutic resistance to 3-drug based remission induction phase of treatment as well as overall treatment.Thus, the higher the frequency of this fusion oncogene, the easier to manage childhood ALL in a given regionwith less intensive chemotherapy. Although global frequency of TEL-AML1 has been reported to be 20-30%,a very low frequency has been found in some geographical regions, including one study from Lahore, Punjab,Pakistan and others from India. The objective of present study was to investigate if this low frequency of TELAML1in pediatric ALL is only in Lahore region or similar situation exists at other representative oncologycenters of Pakistan. A total of 167 pediatric ALL patients were recruited from major pediatric oncology centerssituated in Lahore, Faisalabad, Peshawar and Islamabad. Patients were tested for TEL-AML1 using nestedreverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Only 17 out of 167 (10.2%) patients were found to beTEL-AML1 positive. TEL-AML1+ALL patients had favorable prognosis, most of them (82.4%, 14/17) showingearly remission and good overall survival. Thus, our findings indicate an overall low frequency of TEL-AML1in Pakistan pediatric ALL patients, in accordance with lower representation of this prognostically importantgenetic abnormality in other less developed countries, specifically in south Asia, thus associating it with poorliving standards in these ethnic groups. It also indicates ethnic and geographical differences in the distribution ofthis prognostically important genetic abnormality among childhood ALL patients, which may have a significantbearing on ALL management strategies in different parts of the world.
childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
genetic epidemiology
TEL-AML1
geographic differences
2014
08
01
3541
3546
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29116_ef6a67a98e97b17b1446bf0b9b81110b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Prognostic Value of Pretreatment Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Background: The prognostic value of serum alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) has not been fully validated fornasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods: S-ALP levels were measured in 601 patients newlydiagnosed with NPC before radical treatment, and possible associations of these levels with 5-year overall survival(OS) and tumor-free survival (TFS) were explored using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Elevatedpretreatment S-ALP (>85 U/L) was significantly less frequent among patients classified as T1+2 or stage I+IIthan among those classified as T3+4 or stage III+IV. Multivariate analysis showed that elevated pretreatmentS-ALP (>85 U/L), age, T classification and N stage were independent predictors of poor OS and TFS. Conclusions:Pretreatment S-ALP may be a reliable biomarker to evaluate the long-term prognosis of patients with NPC.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Pretreatment
Serum
Alkaline phosphatase
Prognosis
2014
08
01
3547
3553
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29117_29a2715cc23be0583ff5a2b806815535.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Associations Between Mammography and Ultrasound Imaging Features and Molecular Characteristics of Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Background: The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer characterized by the absenceof estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).Preoperative mammography and ultrasound features of TNBC may potentially suggest characteristics of thedisease and assist in treatment decisions. Materials and Methods: The study covered 153 patients with TNBCfrom May 2011 to May 2012 who were confirmed by postoperative pathology results in our hospital. We comparedthe radiological findings among the patients and sought to determine the significant iconographic features. Thebiomarkers p53 and Ki-67 are regarded as significant factors in TNBC. They were therefore used to divide theTNBC into four groups for assessment of relationships with TNBC imaging features. Results: On mammography,most TNBCs exhibit obscure (44.3%) masses. On ultrasound, the majority of masses (95.4%) were predominantlyindistinct (50.7%), irregular (76.0%) or featuring posterior echo enhancement/shadowing. Color Doppler flowimaging (CDFI) emphasized hypervascular (32.9%) masses. Differences in CDFI by ultrasound among the fourgroups were statistically significant (p=0.009). There were obvious differences in the percentages of spiculatedmargin (p=0.049) and intensive posterior echo (p=0.006) with spotty flow imaging by ultrasound between theKi-67 (+) p53 (+) and other groups. Conclusions: A combination of mammography and ultrasound revealedthe imaging characteristics of TNBC included an obscure mass with less attenuated posterior echoes and somevascularity. A worse prognosis was associated with spiculated margin and intensive posterior echoes with spottyflow imaging.
Triple-negative breast cancer
mammography
Ultrasound
p53
Ki-67
2014
08
01
3555
3559
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29118_b200732b0372e90035eb5e9c767d9ee7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Reirradiation with Robotic Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Background: Recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after previous radiotherapy is challenging. Thereis no standard approach for salvage treatment. Here we present toxicity and treatment results for recurrentNFC patients who underwent fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) as second line radiotherapy (RT).Materials and Methods: Between April 2009 and July 2012, 24 patients, with a male to female ratio of 3:1, weretreated with CykerKnife® FSRT for recurrent NFC in our institution. Seven out of 24 patients had metastaticrecurrent disease. Median age was 53 years (range, 20-70 years). Initial RT dose was 70Gy. The time periodbetween initial RT and FSRT was a median of 33.2 months. The median prescription dose for FSRT was 30Gy(range, 24-30 Gy) in a median of 5 fractions (range, 4-6). Results: The median follow-up for all patients was19.5 months (IQR: 12.2. -29.2 months). The locoregional control; progression free survival and overall survival(OS) rates for 1-, 2- and 3-year were 64%, 38%, 21%; 60%, 30%, 17% and 83%, 43%, 31%, respectively.Median OS for the entire cohort was 22 months (95% CI: 16.5-27.5). On multivariate analysis recurrent tumorstage was the only prognostic factor for OS (p=0.004). One patient exhibited grade III temporal lobe necrosis.One died because of grade IV mucositis and overlapping infection. Conclusions: The treatment of recurrentNPC is controversial. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy is promising. However, the published trials areheterogeneous with respect to the selection criteria and treatment details. Prospective studies with long termfollow-up data are warranted.
Recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
stereotactic radiotherapy
CyberKnife
2014
08
01
3561
3566
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29119_adc7ef97421157978ff0b2a2876212b6.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Epidemiology and Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Central Region of Thailand
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in men and the third mostcommon cancer in woman in Thailand. This retrospective study was designed to assess the prevalence, clinicalmanifestations, treatment outcomes and prognosis of HCC in the central region of Thailand. Materials andMethods: The authors retrospectively reviewed all HCC patients aged more than 15 years old in Thammasatuniversity hospital (TUH) during the period from January 2007 to December 2012. Clinical information,biochemical tests and radiologic findings were collected from review of medical records. Results: There were308 patients with HCC, which accounted for the prevalence of 5.19% of all cancers diagnosed in TUH duringthe study period. Of these, 125 (40.5%) had complete information retrievable from their medical records andmet the inclusion criteria, 99 (79.2%) were males. The mean age was 57.4 years. A quarter of HCC patients inthis study presented without any symptom before diagnosis. The common clinical presentations in the remainingpatients were hepatomegaly 64/125 (51.2%), abdominal pain 56/125 (44.8%) and ascites 16/125 (20.8%). Cirrhosiswas seen in almost all patients (92.8%). The most common causes of HCC in this study were chronic hepatitisB (49.6%) and C (19.2%). Based on Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging, 75.4% presented at intermediateor late stage. Patients receiving curative therapy with either surgical treatment or radiofrequency ablation hadsignificantly longer survival time after the HCC diagnosis than the palliative therapy group (11.0 months vs 4.0months, p value= 0.004). The mean survival time after the HCC diagnosis was 10.5 months. Conclusions: Thecommon causes of HCC in central region of Thailand were chronic hepatitis B and C. Surgical therapy or RFAseemed to provide better outcomes than other treatments but only in patients with early stage lesions. Most ofthe patients in this study presented with advanced diseases and had grave prognosis. Appropriate screeningpatients at risk for HCC might be an appropriate way to achieve early diagnosis and improve the treatmentoutcome.
Hepatocellular carcinoma
cirrhosis
Chronic hepatitis B
Central Thailand
2014
08
01
3567
3570
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29120_d56e42d6bd9f7ed2e9f5d22b18b56b5d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Survival of Brain Metastatic Patients in Yazd, Iran
Background: Brain metastasis occurs when cancerous cells come from a known (or sometimes an unknown)primary tumor to the brain and implant and grow there. This event is potentially lethal and causes neurologicsymptoms and signs. These patients are treated in order to decrease their neurologic problems, increase qualityof life and overall survival. Materials and Methods: In this study we evaluated clinical characteristics of 206patients with brain metastases referred to our center from 2004 to 2011. Results: The mean age was 53.6 years.The primary tumors were breast cancer (32%), lung cancer (24.8%), lymphoma (4.4%), sarcoma (3.9%),melanoma (2.9%), colorectal cancer (2.4%) and renal cell carcinoma (1.5%). In 16.5% of the patients, brainmetastasis was the first presenting symptom and the primary site was unknown. Forty two (20.4%) patients hada single brain metastasis, 18 patients (8.7%) had two or three lesions, 87 (42.2%) patients had more than threelesions. Leptomeningeal involvement was seen in 49 (23.8%) patients. Thirty five (17%) had undergone surgicalresection. Whole brain radiation therapy was performed for all of the patients. Overall survival was 10.1 months(95%CI; 8.65-11.63). One and two year survival was 27% and 12% respectively. Conclusions: Overall survivalof patients who were treated by combination of surgery and whole brain radiation therapy was significantlybetter than those who were treated with whole brain radiation therapy only [13.8 vs 9.3 months (p=0.03)]. Age,sex, primary site and the number of brain lesions did not show significant relationships with overall survival.
Brain - metastasis - survival - Yazd
Iran
2014
08
01
3571
3574
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29121_5d996d723d859dbf1f4fe467d07dd49b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Staurosporine Induced Apoptosis Rapidly Downregulates TDP-43 in Glioma Cells
TDP-43 is a ubiquitously expressed DNA/RNA binding protein that has recently attracted attention for itsinvolvement in neurodegenerative diseases. While TDP-43 has been found to participate in various importantcellular activities including stress and apoptosis, little is known about its role in cancer cells. Here we report thatstaurosporine (STS) induced apoptosis in U87 glioma cells is associated with rapid downregulation of TDP-43at both mRNA and protein levels. The latter is dependent on activation of caspase 3. More importantly, we haveshown that knockdown of TDP-43 by specific siRNA dramatically enhanced cytotoxicity of STS. These resultssuggest that normal level of TDP-43 may be protective for cancer cells under apoptotic insult.
Apoptosis
caspase-3
glioma cells
staurosporine
TDP-43
2014
08
01
3575
3579
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29122_7119d7f72cf1c07f6acf19dede8b98dc.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Anti-Proliferation Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Tetramethypyrazine on Human SGC-7901 Gastric Carcinoma Cells
Aim: To investigate the effects of tetramethypyrazine (TMP) on proliferation and apoptosis of the humangastric carcinoma cell line 7901 and its possible mechanism of action. Methods: The viability of TMP-treated7901 cells was measured with a 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (MTT)and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The distribution of cells in different phases of cell cycle afterexposure of TMPs was analyzed with flow cytometry. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of TMP-mediatedapoptosis, the expression of NF-κBp65, cyclinD1 and p16 in SGC-7901 cells was analyzed by reverse transcriptionpolymerasechain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Results: TMP inhibited the proliferation of humangastric carcinoma cell line 7901 in dose and time dependent manners. Cell growth was suppressed by TMP atdifferent concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/ml), the inhibition rate is 0.46%, 4.36%, 14.8%, 76.1% (48h) and15.5%, 18.5%, 41.2%, 89.8% (72h) respectively. When the concentration of TMPs was 2.0mg/ml, G1-phasearrest in the SGC-7901 cells was significant based on the data for cell cycle distribution. RT-PCR demonstratedthat NF-κBp65 and cyclin D1 mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in 7901 cells treated with 2.0mg/ml TMP for 72h (p<0.05), while the p16 mRNA level was up-regulated (p<0.05). The protein expression ofNF-κBp65 and cyclin D1 decreased gradually with the increase in TMP concentration, compared with controlcells (p<0.05), while expression of protein p16 was up-regulated (p<0.01). Conclusion: TMP exhibits significantanti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on the human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901. NF-κBp65,cyclinD1 and p16 may also play important roles in the regulation mechanisms.
Tetramethypyrazine
SGC-7901
Proliferation
Apoptosis
NF
κBp65
cyclinD1-p16
2014
08
01
3581
3586
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29123_03b2c8e44cb95bf6664a94f878157fd0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Hematologic Toxicity in Patients Undergoing Radical Anticancer Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Patients in an Oncology Ward in India
Burden of cancer is progressively increasing in developing countries like India which has also led to a steeprise in toxicity due to anti-cancer therapy. A cross-sectional analysis was here conducted for patients withdifferent malignancies (except leukaemia) who while undergoing radical anti-cancer therapy were admitted toour oncology ward from January-July 2013. In a total of 280 patients, the total number of toxicity events was473. Nine patients expired over this time period. Among the events, grade 2 anaemia the most common (n=189)while the most common grades of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were grade 4 (n=114) and grade 2 (n=48),respectively. Among the tracable microbial etiologies, gram negative bacteria were the most commonly foundpathogens. Treatment interruptions took place in 240 patients (median duration=8.8 days). Prolonged hospitaladmission, intensive care and artificial ventilation support was needed to be given in 48, 7 and 13 patientsrespectively. Advanced NSCLC, KPS <70, pancytopenia and artificial ventilation requirement were found tohave a significant impact on death. Such studies show the prevailing practice from institutes of our country andmay guide us formulating a guideline for managing such toxicities for this part of the world.
Haematological toxicities
non-haematological malignancies
radical anti-cancer therapy
2014
08
01
3587
3592
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29124_8a9f1860bd48c4dcb83c9f3ac15569bb.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Parents’ and Health-Care Providers’ Perspectives on Side-Effects of Childhood Cancer Treatment in Indonesia
Background: Efficacy of childhood cancer treatment in low-income countries may be impacted by parents’and health-care providers’ perspectives on chemotherapy-related side-effects. This study explores prevalence andseverity of side-effects in childhood cancer, and compares health beliefs about side-effects between parents andhealth-care providers, and between nurses and doctors in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Semi-structuredquestionnaires were filled in by 40 parents and 207 health-care providers in an academic hospital. Results:Parents exporessed a desire to receive more information about side-effects (98%) and worried about this aspectof treatment (90%), although side-effects were less severe than expected (66%). The most frequent was behavioralteration (98%) and the most severe was hair loss. Only 26% of parents consulted doctors about side-effects.More parents, compared to health-care providers, believed that medicines work better when side-effects are moresevere (p<0.001), and accepted severe side-effects (p=0.021). More health-care providers, compared to parents,believed that chemotherapy can be stopped or the dosage altered when there are side-effects (p=0.011). Morenurses, compared to doctors, stated that side-effects were unbearable (p=0.004) and made them doubt efficacyof treatment (p<0.001). Conclusions: Behavior alteration is the most frequent and hair loss the most severeside-effect. Apparent discrepancies in health beliefs about side-effects exist between parents and health-careproviders. A sustainable parental education program about side-effects is recommended. Health-care providersneed to update and improve their knowledge and communication skills in order to give appropriate information.Suchmeasures may improve outcome of childhood cancer treatment in low-income countries, where adherenceto therapy is a major issue.
Childhood cancer
side-effects
low-income countries
adherence to therapy
2014
08
01
3593
3599
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29125_b75ff81b451aaa3fc6b0fbfd4ed63774.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Inferring Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in MicroRNA Binding Sites of Lung Cancer-related Inflammatory Genes
Single nucleotide polymorphisms located at microRNA (miRNA)-binding sites are likely to affect theexpression of miRNA targets and may contribute to the susceptibility of humans to common diseases. Here 335candidate lung cancer-related inflammatory genes were selected according to the existing literature and database.We identified putative miRNA-binding sites of 149 genes by specialised algorithms and screened SNPs in the3’UTRs of these genes. By calculating binding free energy, we sorted 269 SNPs on the basis of the possibilityof prediction. The proposed approach could help to easy the identification of functionally relevant SNPs andminimize the workflow and the costs.
Algorithms- inflammatory- lung cancer- microrna- polymorphisms- 3’UTR
2014
08
01
3601
3606
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29126_0477e94a377a686768b78f57f2b76b7d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
The CCND1 G870A Gene Polymorphism and Brain Tumor Risk: a Meta-analysis
Background: In recent years, numerous studies have been performed to investigate the CCND1 G870Agene polymorphism impact on brain tumors susceptibility. Unfortunately, the results of previous studies wereinconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of any association.Materials and Methods: We conducted a search in PubMed, Embase and CNKI covering all published papersup to November, 2013. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were applied to assessassociations. Results: A total of 6 publications including 9 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. Thepooled ORs for the total included studies showed significant association among comparison A vs G (OR= 1.246,95%CI= 1.092-1.423, p= 0.001), homozygote comparison AA vs GG (OR= 1.566, 95%CI= 1.194-2.054, p= 0.001),heterozygote comparison AG vs GG (OR= 1.290, 95%CI= 0.934-1.782, p= 0.122), dominant model AA/GA vsGG (OR= 1.381, 95%CI= 1.048-1.821, p= 0.022) and recessive model AA vs GA/GG (OR= 1.323, 95%CI= 1.057-1.657, p= 0.015) especially in glioma. Conclusions: CCND1 G870A polymorphism may increase brain tumorrisk, especially for gliomas. However, more primary large scale and well-designed studies are still required toevaluate the interaction of CCND1 G870A polymorphism with brain tumor risk.
Brain tumors
cyclin D1 gene
Polymorphism
Meta-analysis
2014
08
01
3607
3612
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29127_47bc03b3cd3004b8bdffafa964a0bd94.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Stathmin is a Marker of Progression and Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Carcinoma
Stathmin, also called oncoprotein 18, is a founding member of the family of microtubule-destabilizing proteinsthat play a critical role in the regulation of mitosis. At the same time stathmin has been recognized as one ofresponsible factors in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to assess stathmin status, its correlations withclinicopathological parameters and its role as a progosnostic marker in EC patients. The protein and mRNAlevels of stathmin were examined byimmunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization in 100EC tissuesand adjacent noncancerous tissues. mRNA and protein expression of stathmin in three EC cell lines(EC9706,ECa109, EC1 commonly used in research) were also analyzed using immunocytochemistry, western blot andin situ hybridization. The prognostic value of Stathmin expression within the tumor tissues were assessed byCox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. We showed that stathmin expression was significantly higher in ECtissues than in adjacent noncancerous tissues. High stathmin immunostaining score in the EC was positivelycorrelated with tumor differentiation, Tumor invasion, Lymph node metastases, and TNM stage. In addition, wedemonstrated that three EC cell lines examined, were constitutively expressing a high level of stathmin. Of those,EC-1 showed the strongest mRNA and protein expression for the stathmin analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysisshowed that significantly longer 5-year survival rate was seen in EC patients with high Stathmin expression,compared to those with low expression of Stathmin expression. Furthermore, multivariate Cox proportionalhazard analyses revealed that Stathmin was an independent factors affecting the overall survival probability.In conclusion, our data provide a basis for the concept that stathmin might be associated with EC developmentand progression.. High levels of Stathmin expression in the tumor tissues may be a good prognostic marker forpatients with EC.
Esophageal carcinoma
stathmin
Biomarker
2014
08
01
3613
3618
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29128_93b55fddc08f1a48a41e735e256ec650.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Vaginal Dose, Toxicity and Sexual Outcomes in Patients of Cervical Cancer Undergoing Image Based Brachytherapy
Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the vaginal dose and toxicity in patients of cervical cancertreated with image guided brachytherapy at our institute. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients treatedwith image based brachytherapy for cervical cancer were included. Vaginal contouring was done on MRI atbrachytherapy and with CT scans of subsequent brachytherapy fractions. Dose volume parameters (DVH) werereported in accordance with the GEC-ESTRO guidelines. These were correlated with vaginal toxicity (assessedby CTCAE version 3) and quality of sexual life assessed at one year of completion of treatment. Results: Vaginalshortness was observed in 22 out of 30 (62.8%) patients, Nine (25.7%) had vaginal dryness and in 10 (28.5%)patients, there was contact bleeding. No association could be demonstrated between the dose volume parametersand vaginal toxicity in the present study. Conclusions: The lack of association between dose volume parametersof vagina with vaginal morbidity may be due to uncertainties involved in the delineation of vaginal wall anddosimetry. Future research is required to accurately define vaginal dose distribution to study its correlation withvaginal morbidity. Vaginal morbidity needs to be documented in order to improve the sexual outcome in thesepatients.
Radiation
vagina
Toxicity
dose volume parameters
sexual outcome
2014
08
01
3619
3623
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29129_253ff8e7c2f0d305af150d41652989cb.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Multicenter Analysis of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia in Turkey
Background: To evaluate the incidence, diagnosis and management of GTN among 28 centers in Turkey. Materials andMethods: A retrospective study was designed to include GTN patients attending 28 centers in the 10-year period betweenJanuary 2003 and May 2013. Demographical characteristics of the patients, histopathological diagnosis, the InternationalFederation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) anatomical and prognostic scores, use of single-agent and multi-agentchemotherapy, surgical interventions and prognosis were evaluated. Results: From 2003-2013, there were 1,173,235 deliveriesand 456 GTN cases at the 28 centers. The incidence was calculated to be 0.38 per 1,000 deliveries. According to the evaluateddata of 364 patients, the median age at diagnosis was 31 years (range, 15-59 years). A histopathological diagnosis was presentfor 45.1% of the patients, and invasive mole, choriocarcinoma and PSTTs were diagnosed in 22.3% (n=81), 18.1% (n=66)and 4.7% (n=17) of the patients, respectively. Regarding final prognosis, 352 (96.7%) of the patients had remission, and 7(1.9%) had persistence, whereas the disease was mortal for 5 (1.4%) of the patients. Conclusions: Because of the differencesbetween countries, it is important to provide national registration systems and special clinics for the accurate diagnosis andtreatment of GTN.
Gestational trophoblastic disease
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Incidence
Turkey
2014
08
01
3625
3628
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29130_c0ce750e70f37d00b90eed3741b12566.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
CCDC26 Gene Polymorphism and Glioblastoma Risk in the Han Chinese Population
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunosuppressive tumor whose median survival time is only 12-15 months, and patients with GBM have a uniformly poor prognosis. It is known that heredity contributes toformation of glioma, but there are few genetic studies concerning GBM. Materials and Methods: We genotypedsix tagging SNPs (tSNP) in Han Chinese GBM and control patients. We used Microsoft Excel and SPSS 16.0statistical package for statistical analysis and SNP Stats to test for associations between certain tSNPs and risk ofGBM in five different models. ORs and 95%CIs were calculated for unconditional logistic-regression analysis withadjustment for age and gender. The SHEsis software platform was applied for analysis of linkage disequilibrium,haplotype construction, and genetic associations at polymorphism loci. Results: We found rs891835 in CCDC26to be associated with GBM susceptibility at a level of p=0.009. The following genotypes of rs891835 were foundto be associated with GBM risk in four different models of gene action: i) genotype GT (OR=2.26; 95%CI,1.29-3.97; p=0.019) or GG (OR=1.33; 95%CI, 0.23-7.81; p=0.019) in the codominant model; ii) genotypes GTand GG (OR=2.18; 95%CI, 1.26-3.78; p=0.0061) in the dominant model; iii) GT (OR=2.24; 95%CI, 1.28-3.92;p=0.0053) in the overdominant model; iv) the allele G of rs891835 (OR=1.85; 95%CI, 1.14-3.00; p=0.015) inthe additive model. In addition, “CG” and “CGGAG” were found by haplotype analysis to be associated withincreased GBM risk. In contrast, genotype GG of CCDC26 rs6470745 was associated with decreased GBM risk(OR=0.34; 95%CI, 0.12-1.01; p=0.029) in the recessive model. Conclusions: Our results, combined with thosefrom previous studies, suggest a potential genetic contribution of CCDC26 to GBM progression among HanChinese.
Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
glioblastoma (GBM)
CCDC26
case-control studies
2014
08
01
3629
3633
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29131_bb1efc644d022a4272e63a02b640f891.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Induced Abortion and Breast Cancer: Results from a Population-Based Case Control Study in China
Aim: To determine whether induced abortion (IA) increases breast cancer (BC) risk. Materials and Methods: Apopulation-based case-control study was performed from Dec, 2000 to November, 2004 in Shanghai, China, whereIA could be verified through the family planning network and client medical records. Structured questionnaireswere completed by 1,517 cases with primary invasive epithelial breast cancer and 1,573 controls frequencymatchedto cases for age group. The information was supplemented and verified by the family planning records.Statistical analysis was conducted with SAS 9.0. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, inducedabortions were not found to be associated with breast cancer with OR=0.94 (95%CI= 0.79-1.11). Comparedto parous women without induced abortion, parous women with 3 or more times induced abortion (OR=0.66,95%CI=0.46 to 0.95) and women with 3 or more times induced abortion after the first live birth (OR=0.66,95%CI =0.45 to 0.97) showed a lower risk of breast cancer, after adjustment for age, level of education, annualincome per capita, age at menarche, menopause, parity times, spontaneous abortion, age at first live birth,breast-feeding, oral contraceptives, hormones drug, breast disease, BMI, drinking alcohol, drinking tea, takingvitamin/calcium tablet, physical activity, vocation, history of breast cancer, eating the bean. Conclusions: Theresults suggest that a history of induced abortions may not increase the risk of breast cancer.
breast cancer
induced abortion
Case control study
2014
08
01
3635
3640
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29132_7703496de21628e67a09f3fe8c8597ae.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Positive Effects of Oral β-Glucan on Mucositis and Leukopenia in Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant FOLFOX-4 Combination Chemotherapy
The present study aimed to determine the effect of oral β-glucan on mucositis and leukopenia in 62 consecutivepatients with colorectal cancer treated with an adjuvant FOLFOX-4 regimen. The patients were retrospectivelyevaluated in 2 groups: one group received β-glucan and the other did not (control group). Leucocytes, neutrophils,and platelets were evaluated before and 1 week after chemotherapy and oral mucositis and diarrhea were noted.Leucocyte and neutrophil counts after chemotherapy in the β-glucan group were 7,300/mm3 and 3,800/mm3,respectively, and the reductions, as compared to baseline, were not significant (p=0.673 and 0.784). The medianplatelet count was 264,000/mm3 after chemotherapy in the β-glucan group and the reduction, as compared tobaseline, was borderline significant (p=0.048). In the control group, reduction in leucocyte, neutrophil, andplatelet counts was statistically significant. Oral mucositis and diarrhea were less common in the β-glucan group.We conclude that β-glucan can be used to reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapy.
β-glucan
Chemotherapy
neutropenia
Mucositis
colorectal cancer
2014
08
01
3641
3644
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29133_3c7bc0eb51eef36fba4611caa843e5d3.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Third-line Hormonal Therapy to Treat Prostate Cancer Relapse after Initial and Second-line Hormonal Therapy: Report of 52 Cases and Literature Review
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of third-line combined androgen blockade (CAB) therapyfor castration-resistant prostate cancer that relapsed after primary and second-line CAB. We retrospectivelyreviewed the medical records of 52 patients who received first-, second-, and third-line CAB therapy (medicalor surgical castration, plus steroidal antiandrogen of chlormadinone acetate, or nonsteroidal antiandrogen offlutamide or bicalutamide). For cumulative analysis, we searched the PubMed database and identified a totalof 50 cases published in English. Including our cases, this provided a total of 102 cases for analysis. In ourstudy cohort, 11 cases (21.2%) achieved more than 50% reduction of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) oninitiation of third-line CAB. We found that third-line CAB with nonsteroidal antiandrogen after second-line CABwith steroidal antiandrogen exhibited favorable results, with a positive response in six of 13 patients (46.2%).Cumulative analysis findings were comparable. Regarding the timing of third-line CAB administration, 15 patientshad started at a PSA equal to or less than 4.0 ng/ml, and eight of them (53.3%) showed a positive response totreatment, compared to only three of 37 patients (8.1%) whose PSA at the initiation of third-line therapy washigher than 4.0 ng/ml (p<0.001). We conclude that third-line CAB with nonsteroidal antiandrogen would beparticularly useful for patients whose cancer progressed after second-line CAB with steroidal antiandrogen.The timing of treatment seems to be important because the higher the PSA at the start of third-line therapy, thelower the PSA response rate.
Prostate Cancer
hormonal therapy
alternative antiandrogen
CRPC
2014
08
01
3645
3649
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29134_7fa319d87e6d6aa5678fbd7c51c74551.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Schedule-Dependent Effects of Kappa-Selenocarrageenan in Combination with Epirubicin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a relatively higher incidence in many countries of Asia. Globally, HCChas a high fatality rate and short survival. Epirubicin, a doxorubicin analogue, may be administered alone or incombination with other agents to treat primary liver cancer and metastatic diseases. However, the toxic effects ofepirubicin to normal tissues and cells have been one of the major obstacles to successful cancer chemotherapy.Here, we investigated the effects of epirubicin in combination with kappa-selenocarrageenan on mice with H22implanted tumors and HepG-2 cell proliferation, immune organ index, morphology, cell cycle and related proteinexpressions in vivo and in vitro with sequential drug exposure. The inhibitory rate of tumor growth in vivo wascalculated. Drug sensitivity was measured by MTT assay, and the King’s principle was used to evaluate theinteraction of drug combination. Morphological changes were observed by fluorescent microscopy. Cell cyclechanges were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of cyclin A, Cdc25A and Cdk2 were detected by Westernblotting. In vivo results demonstrated that the inhibitory rate of EPI combined with KSC was higher than thatof KSC or EPI alone, and the Q value indicated an additive effect. In addition, KSC could significantly raise thethymus and spleen indices of mice with H22 implanted tumors. In the drug sensitivity assay in vitro, exposure toKSC and EPI simultaneously was more effective than exposure sequentially in HepG-2 cells, while exposure toKSC prior to EPI was more effective than exposure to EPI prior to KSC. Q values showed an additive effect inthe simultaneous group and antagonistic effects in the sequential groups. Morphological analysis showed similarresults to the drug sensitivity assay. Cell cycle analysis revealed that exposure to KSC or EPI alone arrested thecells in S phase in HepG-2 cells, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously caused accumulation in the S phase,an effect caused by either KSC or EPI. Expression of cyclin A, Cdc25A and Cdk2 protein was down-regulatedfollowing exposure to KSC and EPI alone or in combination, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously resultingin the lowest values. Taken together, our findings suggest that KSC in combination with EPI might have potentialas a new therapeutic regimen against HCC.
Kappa-selenocarrageenan
epirubicin
Combination therapy
HCC
Cell cycle
2014
08
01
3651
3657
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29135_d660a99ab3c2a15c0eefab0734be0396.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Different Immunology Mechanisms of Phellinus igniarius in Inhibiting Growth of Liver Cancer and Melanoma Cells
To assess inhibition mechanisms of a Phellinus igniarius (PI) extract on cancer, C57BL/6 mice were orallytreated with PI extractive after or before implanting H22 (hepatocellular carcinoma ) or B16 (melanoma) cells.Mice were orally gavaged with different doses of PI for 36 days 24h after introduction of H22 or B16 cells. Micein another group were orally treated as above daily for 42 days and implanted with H22 cells on day 7. Thenthe T lymphocyte, antibody, cytokine, LAK, NK cell activity in spleen, tumor cell apoptosis status and tumorinhibition in related organs, as well as the expression of iNOS and PCNA in tumor tissue were examined. The PIextract could improve animal immunity as well as inhibit cancer cell growth and metastasis with a dose-responserelationship. Notably, PI’s regulation with the two kinds of tumor appeared to occur in different ways, since theantibody profile and tumor metastasis demonstrated variation between animals implanted with hepatocellularcarcinoma and melanoma cells.
Phellinus igniarius
Hepatoma
Melanoma
Cell lines
immunological mechanism
2014
08
01
3659
3665
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29136_21d2524fd8e24e72f529a7c20586011f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Novel Mutations of the PARP-1 Gene Associated with Colorectal Cancer in the Saudi Population
Background: colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancers and the fourth leading causeof death worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, CRC accounts for 8.5% of all tumors; it ranks first among all cancersin males and third among females. The aim of this study was to link between different PARP-1 mutations andrisk of CRC in Saudi population and to determine common variants of PARP-1 in Saudi CRC patients andnormal individuals. Materials and Methods: DNA samples were isolated from fifty CRC patients and from acomparable number of control subjects then sequenced to detect different variations present in exons 3, 17, and21 of the PARP-1 gene. Results and Conclusions: When comparing the genotype and allele frequencies of alldetected SNPs in CRC patients with those in controls, we found none were significantly different for all variantseven the most common SNP in PARP-1 gene (Val762Ala). However, two novel alterations in exon 21 were foundto be associated with increased risk of CRC. The variants identified as (1) Lys933Asn [p-value 0.0318] and (2)Lys945Asn [p-value 0.0257]. Our results suggest that PARP-1 Lys933Asn and Lys945Asn alterations could beassociated with increased risk of CRC in the Saudi population.
PARP-1
colorectal cancer
DNA repair enzymes
Single nucleotide polymorphism
Saudi Arabia
2014
08
01
3667
3673
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29137_c5c49b650d44960ebe1de9629f33afaf.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Population Based Study of the Association Between Binge Drinking and Mortality from Cancer of Oropharynx and Esophagus in Korean Men: the Kangwha Cohort Study
We assessed the association between frequency of heavy binge drinking and mortality from oropharynxand esophagus cancer after controlling for the total volume of alcohol intake among Korean men. The cohortcomprised 2,677 male residents in Kangwha County, aged 55 or older in March 1985, for their upper digestivetract cancer mortality for 20.8 years up to December 31, 2005. For daily binge drinkers versus non-drinkers,the hazard ratios (95% Cls) for mortality were 4.82 (1.36, 17.1) and 6.75 (1.45, 31.4) for oropharyngeal andesophageal cancers, respectively. Even after adjusting for the volume of alcohol intake, we found the hazardratios for frequency of binge drinking and mortality of oropharyngeal or esophageal cancer to not changeappreciably: the hazard ratios were 4.90 (1.00, 27.0) and 7.17 (1.02, 50.6), respectively. For esophageal cancer,there was a strong dose-response relationship. The frequency of heavy binge drinking and not just the volumeof alcohol intake may increase the risk of mortality from upper digestive tract cancer, particularly esophagealcancer in Korean men. These findings need to be confirmed in further studies with a larger sample size.
binge drinking
alcohol consumption
oropharyngeal and oesophageal cancer
Korea
2014
08
01
3675
3679
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29138_837c31d0d3fa319e35750dd18a603383.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Preparation of Selenium-enriched Bifidobacterium Longum and its Effect on Tumor Growth and Immune Function of Tumor-Bearing Mice
In this study, we demonstrated selenium (Se) accumulation in Bifidobacterium longum strain (B. longum)and evaluated the effect of Se-enriched B. longum (Se-B. longum) on tumor growth and immune function intumor-bearing mice. Analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) revealed that more than 99% of Se in Se-B. longum was organic, the maincomponent of which was selenomethionine (SeMet). In the in vivo experiments, tumor-bearing mice (n=8) wereorally administrated with different doses of Se-B. longum alone or combined with cyclophosphamide (CTX).The results showed that the middle and high dose of Se-B. longum significantly inhibited tumor growth. WhenSe-B. longum and CTX were combined, the antitumor effect was significantly enhanced and the survival time oftumor-bearing mice (n=12) was prolonged. Furthermore, compared with CTX alone, the combination of Se-B.longum and CTX stimulated the activity of natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes, increasing the levels ofinterleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the leukocyte count of H22 tumor-bearing mice(n=12).
Bifidobacterium longum
Chemotherapy
selenium
selenium speciation
Tumor
2014
08
01
3681
3686
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29139_0e9e1a5b003fbcbee9fef11b56570b18.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
How to Explain the Contradiction of microRNA 200c Expression and Survival in Solid Tumors?: a Meta-analysis
MicroRNA 200c is a microRNA 200 family member that plays an important role in regulation of the epithelialto-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The prognostic value of microRNA 200c in solid tumors remains controversialbecause of inconsistent data. Here, we report a meta-analysis of the association of microRNA 200c expressionand survival in patients with solid tumors. Pubmed was searched up to November 2013 for studies investigatingmicroRNA 200c expression and overall survival (OS) in solid tumors. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidenceintervals (CIs) for OS were extracted from each study. Pooled HR and CIs were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects models. A total of five studies evaluating colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer,pancreatic cancer and endometrial cancer were included in the analysis. Data were divided into tissue microRNA200c expression group and serum microRNA 200c expression group. The combined HRs [95%CIs] estimatedfor OS were 0.62 [0.42-0.91] and 2.16 [1.32-3.52] respectively. Low expression of microRNA 200c in tumor tissueand high expression of microRNA 200c in serum are associated with worse survival in solid tumors. Furtherstudy is needed to elucidate this contradiction.
microRNA 200c expression
solid tumors
survival
Meta-analysis
2014
08
01
3687
3690
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29140_bc8740d17e3ba2c4d8c3097d9ac86d58.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Association between RASSF1A Ala133Ser Polymorphism and Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis Involving 8,892 Subjects
Background: Published studies on the association between the Ras Association Domain Family 1 isoform A(RASSF1A) Ala133Ser polymorphism and cancer susceptibility have yielded conflicting results. Thus, a metaanalysiswas here performed to assess the possible association. Materials and Methods: All eligible case-controlstudies published up to November 2013 on the association between RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism and cancersusceptibility were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and hand search. Bothfixedeffectand random-effect models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals(CIs) by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2.2. Results: A total of 10 studies including4,572 cancer cases and 4,320 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, significantly increased cancerrisk was associated with the variant Ser133 when all studies were pooled (Ser vs Ala: OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.08-2.12, Pheterogeneity≤0.001; Ser/Ser+Ala/Ser vs Ala/Ala: OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.08-2.22, Pheterogeneity≤0.001). Moreover,in subgroup analyses by cancer types, a significant association between RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphismand lung cancer risk was found (Ser vs Ala: OR=2.27, 95% CI=1.29-4.02, Pheterogeneity=0.61; Ser/Ser+Ala/Ser vs Ala/Ala: OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.33-4.42, Pheterogeneity=0.75). In addition, in subgroup analyses by ethnicity, itwas found that the RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism was associated with overall cancer risk in Asians (Servs Ala: OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.06-1.77, Pheterogeneity=0.06) and Caucasians (Ser/Ser+Ala/Ser vs Ala/Ala: OR=2.21,95% CI=1.01-4.82, Pheterogeneity≤0.001). Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests, for the first time, that RASSF1AAla133Ser polymorphism may contribute to cancer susceptibility, especially for lung cancer. Besides, additionalwell-designed studies with larger sample size focusing on different ethnicities and cancer types are needed toconfirm these findings.
RASSF1A
RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism
cancer susceptibility
Meta-analysis
2014
08
01
3691
3698
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29141_895568f824017f4a78e695f5b04c4b41.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs about Cervical Cancer and Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination with Related Factors in Turkish University Students
Background: This study aimed to determine knowledge, attitudes and believes about cervical cancer andhuman papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination with related factors in Turkish university students. Materials andMethods: This descriptive and cross sectional study was conducted between June-July 2013 in Hitit Universitylocated in Corum, a rural area to the East of Ankara. The population consisted of 550 university students whowere training in first and last year from Faculties of Economics, Theology and Health. We reached 463 volunteerstudents without selection. The study of data was collected with a 44 item questionaire covering socio-demographicfeatures, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about cervical cancer, HPV and vaccination. Also for this study ethiccommittee report was taken from Bozok University. Data were evaluated with the SPSS 17.0 programme usingthe Ki kare test with P<0.05 accepted as statistically significant. Results: It was seen that there was a statisticallysignificant variation between classrooms and departments of students with knowledge about cervical cancer andhuman papilloma virus and vaccine (p<0.001; p<0.01; p<0.05). Also we found low attitudes to thinking abouttaking HPV vaccination of girls and their children in the future. Conclusions: In light of the study findings; itwas concluded that knowledge levels, beliefs and attitudes of the university students about cervical cancer, HPVinfection and HPV vaccination were low.
cervical cancer
Human papilloma virus
Knowledge
attitudes
beliefs
Turkish university students
2014
08
01
3699
3704
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29142_fac04690a9e7fa690fa77f881dd9942d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Roles of E-Cadherin (CDH1) Genetic Variations in Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis
E-Cadherin (CDH1) genetic variations may be involved in invasion and metastasis of various cancers byaltering gene transcriptional activity of epithelial cells. However, published studies on the association of CDH1gene polymorphisms and cancer risk remain contradictory, owing to differences in living habits and geneticbackgrounds. To derive a more better and comprehensive conclusion, the present meta-analysis was performedincluding 57 eligible studies of the association between polymorphisms of CDH1 gene promoter -160 C>A, -347G>GA and 3’-UTR +54 C>T and cancer risk. Results showed that these three polymorphisms of CDH1 weresignificantly associated with cancer risk. For -160 C>A polymorphism, -160A allele carriers (CA and CA+AA)had an increased risk of cancer compared with the homozygotes (CC), and the similar result was discoveredfor the -160A allele in the overall analyses. In the subgroup analyses, obvious elevated risk was found with-160A allele carriers (AA, CA, CA+AA and A allele) for prostate cancer, while a decreased colorectal cancerrisk was shown with the AA genotype. For the -347 G>GA polymorphism, the GAGA genotype was associatedwith increased cancer risk in the overall analysis with homozygous and recessive models. In addition, results ofsubgroup analysis indicated that the elevated risks were observed in colorectal cancer and Asian descendants.For +54 C>T polymorphism, a decreased risk of cancer was found in heterozygous, dominant and allele models.Moreover, +54T allele carriers (CT, CT+TT genotype and T allele) showed a potential protective factor in gastriccancer and Asian descendants.
E-cadherin (CDH1) polymorphism
Invasion
Metastasis
Cancer risk
Meta-analysis
2014
08
01
3705
3713
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29143_61435e0caee6c338c38aee639d3a0d67.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Lack of Efficacy of Tai Chi in Improving Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Background: It is controversial whether Tai Chi (TC) benefits breast cancer survivors (BCS) on quality of life(QoL). We therefore undertook a meta-analysis to assess this question. Materials and Methods: A computerizedsearch through electronic databases was performed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Theprimary outcome was QoL, while secondary outcomes included body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density(BMD), and muscle strength. Results: Five RCTs involving 407 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Thepooled standardized mean differences were 0.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.35-0.54) for physical wellbeing,0.03 (95%CI: -0.18-0.25) for social/family well-being, 0.24 (95%CI: 0.02-0.45) for emotional well-being,0.23 (95%CI: -0.03-0.49) for functional well-being, and 0.09 (95%CI: -0.19-0.36) for additional concerns. TCfailed to improve BMI, BMD, and muscle strength. Conclusions: There is currently lack of sufficient evidenceto support TC improving QoL and other important clinical endpoints.
breast cancer
Tai Chi
Quality of Life
Meta-analysis
2014
08
01
3715
3720
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29144_b21cce2cc3c04c30fe309970a4bdd6f4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Cancer: Scenario and Relationship of Different Geographical Areas of the Globe with Special Reference to North East-India
Background: Cancer is becoming the most important public health burden around the globe. As per theGLOBOCAN 2008 estimates, about 12.7 million cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths were estimatedto have occurred in 2008. The burden of cancer cases for India in the year 2020 is calculated to be 1,148,757(male 534,353; female 614,404) compared to 979,786 in 2010. The pattern of cancer incidence is varying amonggeographical regions, esophageal cancer for example being high in China, lung cancer in USA, and gallbladdercancer in Chile. The question remains why? Is it due to the diversity in genome pool, food habits, risk factorassociation and role of genetic susceptibility or some other factors associated with it? In India, the North East(NE)-India region is seeing a marked increase in cancer incidence and deaths, with a very different cancerincidence pattern compared to mainland India. The genome pool of the region is also quite distinct from the restof India. Northeastern tribes are quite distinct from other groups; they are more closely related to East Asiansthan to other Indians. In this paper an attempt was made to see whether there is any similarity among the patternof cancer incidence cases for different sites of NE-India region to South or East-Asia. Materials and Methods:Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Pearson Correlation coefficient testwas assessed to evaluate the linkage of North-East India region to other regions. A p value <0.05 was consideredas statistically significant. Results: The results clearly shows that there are similarities in occurrence of cancerincidence patterns for various cancer sites of NE-India with South and East-Asian regions, which may lead tothe conclusion that there might be a genetic linkage between these regions.
cancer
oesophagus
Lung
stomach
hypopharynx
nasopharynx
TRC
2014
08
01
3721
3729
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29145_e21660e121ac161adcfa05e713ed3658.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Rice Bran Phytic Acid Induced Apoptosis Through Regulation of Bcl-2/Bax and p53 Genes in HepG2 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Phytic acid (PA) has been reported to have positive nutritional benefits and prevent cancer formation. Thisstudy investigated the anticancer activity of rice bran PA against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells.Cytotoxicty of PA (0.5 to 4mM) was examined by MTT and LDH assays after 24 and 48h treatment. Apoptoticactivity was evaluated by expression analysis of apoptosis-regulatory genes [i.e. p53, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 and-9] by reverse transcriptase-PCR and DNA fragmentation assay. The results showed antioxidant activity of PAin Fe3+ reducing power assay (p≤0.03). PA inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells in a concentration dependentmanner (p≤0.04). After 48h treatment, cell viability was recorded 84.7, 74.4, 65.6, 49.6, 36.0 and 23.8% in MTTassay and 92.6, 77.0%, 66.8%, 51.2, 40.3 and 32.3% in LDH assay at concentrations of 1, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and3.5mM, respectively. Hence, treatment of PA for 24h, recorded viability of cells 93.5, 88.6, 55.5, 34.6 and 24.4%in MTT assay and 94.2, 86.1%, 59.7%, 42.3 and 31.6%, in LDH assay at concentrations of 1, 2.2, 3.0, 3.6 and4.0mM, respectively. PA treated HepG2 cells showed up-regulation of p53, Bax, Caspase-3 and -9, and downregulationof Bcl-2 gene (p≤0.01). At the IC50 (2.49mM) of PA, the p53, Bax, Caspase-3 and-9 genes were upregulatedby 6.03, 7.37, 19.7 and 14.5 fold respectively. Also, the fragmented genomic DNA in PA treated cellsprovided evidence of apoptosis. Our study confirmed the biological activity of PA and demonstrated growthinhibition and induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells with modulation of the expression of apoptosis-regulatorygenes.
Phytic acid
Antioxidant
Cytotoxicity
Apoptosis
Caspases
p53
Bax
Bcl-2
DNA Fragmentation
2014
08
01
3731
3736
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29146_a0ed9bdfe9f83c42334b2116b30fbf1c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Endometrial Curettage in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and Efficacy of Progestins for Control in Cases of Hyperplasia
Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most important symptom of endometrial hyperplasiaand endometrial curettage (EC) is the gold standard diagnostic procedure. We present the results of patientswho underwent EC for AUB and the efficacy of progestin administration in those with endometrial hyperplasia.Materials and Methods: A total of 415 female patients who presented to Duzce Public Hospital in 2011-2012 forAUB and who underwent EC were included. We determined the reasons for AUB, and females with hyperplasiawere treated with 10 mg/day medroxyprogesterone acetate for 14 days/month or 160 mg/day megestrol acetatecontinuously for 3 months. We evaluated the efficacy of progestins for periods of three and/or six cycles byrepeating EC. A statistical analysis of specific endometrial causes according to age of presentation was conductedusing the chi-square test. Results: Among the 415 females (average age, 53.5 years) followed for 6 months, 186had physiological changes (44.8%), 89 had simple hyperplasia (21.44%), 1 had atypical hyperplasia (0.2%),6 had (1.44%) complex hyperplasia, 3 had (0.72%) atypical complex hyperplasia, and 5 had adenocarcinoma(1.2%). Regression rates were 72.7-100%, and the optimum results were observed after 6 months of hormonaltherapy. Conclusions: The main cause of AUB was physiological change. Progestin therapy resulted in significantregression even in females with atypical hyperplasia.
Abnormal uterine bleeding
endometrial curettage
Endometrial hyperplasia
MPA
megestrol acetate
2014
08
01
3737
3740
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29147_918b165ca27221351a000548be4c580b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Overexpression of Platelet-derived Growth Factor-D as a Poor Prognosticator in Endometrial Cancer
Background: Emerging evidence implicates the platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) in many typesof human solid tumors. We investigated whether PDGF-D plays an important role in endometrial cancer (EC)in relation to clinicopathologic phenotype, angiogenesis, and patient prognosis. Materials and Methods: Weanalyzed PDGF-D protein expression by Western blotting in twenty-seven human endometrial cancer tissues,and matched normal endometrial controls collected at the third Affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen Universityduring 2012-2013 (n=27). Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a human PDGF-D antibody on theendometrial cancer patients collected in the same facility during January 2001 and October 2013 (n=152). Patientswere followed from the time of primary surgery in 2001-2013 until death or last follow-up. We correlated thePDGF-D expression levels with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis in human endometrial cancer patients.Results: Compared with matched normal endometrial cases, PDGF-D was up-regulated in endometrial cancer.Expression of PDGF-D protein, found in 78% of the cases, was associated with nonendometrioid histologic type(p=0.028), FIGO stage III/IV (p=0.039), >50% solid tumor growth (p=0.048), pelvic LN metastasis (p=0.035) andER and PR negativity (p=0.04 and 0.002). PDGF-D expression was also significantly associated with expressionof VEGF-A (p=0.021). In multivariate analysis, PDGF-D expression proved to be an independent prognosticfactor in addition to histologic grade and FIGO stage. Patients with high expression levels of PDGF-D had asignificantly poorer overall survival rate compared with patients with no expression. Conclusions: PDGF-Dexpression is frequently up-regulated in endometrial cancer, and is associated with aggressive features and poorprognosis.
Endometrial cancer
PDGF-D
clinicopathologic features
Prognosis
2014
08
01
3741
3745
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29148_80f811a0d826c21244d438b118261998.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Establishment of and Comparison between Orthotopic Xenograft and Subcutaneous Xenograft Models of Gallbladder Carcinoma
Background: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common carcinoma of the biliary system. Among itsresearch models, orthotopic xenograft models, important research tools, have been rarely reported in the literaturehowever. Aim: To explore establishment of an orthotopic xenograft model and to evaluate the advantage anddisadvantage as compared with other models. Materials and Methods: Subcutaneous xenograft and orthotopicxenograft models of gallbladder carcinoma in nude mice were established and compared with human gallbladdercarcinomas. Results: For the orthotopic xenograft model and clinical gallbladder carcinomas, the lymph nodemetastatic rates were 69.2% and 53.3% (p>0.05); ascites generation rates, 38.5% and 11.7%(p<0.05); liverinvasive rates, 100% and 61.7%(p<0.05); and lymphatic vessel densities (LVD), 10.4±3.02 and 8.77±2.92 (p>0.05),respectively. In the subcutaneous xenograft model, no evidence of ascites generation, lymph node metastasisand liver metastasis were found, and its LVD was lower (4.56±1.53, p<0.05). Conclusions: Compared with thesubcutaneous xenograft model, the orthotopic xenograft model better simulates clinical gallbladder carcinomain terms of metastasis and invasion, which may be attributed to the difference in microenvironment and LVD.
gallbladder carcinoma
orthotopic xenograft
subcutaneous xenograft
lympatic vessel density
2014
08
01
3747
3752
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29149_3b2cc30ae39fe48838d5ab389b1a8b70.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Factors Affecting Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake by Hmong Hilltribe Women in Thailand
Background: Cervical cancer is relatively common in Thai women, but the proportion of females receivingPap smear screening is still low. Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to study factors relatedto cervical cancer screening uptake by Hmong hilltribe women in Lomkao District, Phetchabun Province.Materials and Methods: Interview data were collected from 547 of these women aged 30-60 years living in thestudy area and analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: The results showed that 64.9% of the studysample had received screening, and that 47.2% had attended due to a cervical screening campaign. The mostcommon reason given for not receiving screening was lack of time (21.4%). The factors found to be positivelyassociated with uptake (p value <0.05) were as follows: number of years of school attendance (OR=1.56,95%CI:1.02-2.38), animistic religious beliefs (OR=0.55, 95%CI:0.33-0.91), a previous pregnancy (OR=6.20,95%CI:1.36-28.35), receipt of information about cervical cancer screening (OR=2.25, 95%CI:1.35-3.76), andperceived risk of developing cervical cancer (OR=1.83, 95%CI:1.25-2.67). Conclusions: To promote the uptakeof cervical screening, Hmong hilltribe women need to know more about cervical cancer and cervical cancerscreening, and access to screening services should be provided in conjunction with existing everyday services,such as family planning and routine blood pressure monitoring or diabetes services.
cervical cancer
pap smear screening
Hmong hilltribe
Thailand
2014
08
01
3753
3756
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29150_b1fb82dedec70d648ade582afb900a12.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Is the Tumor Infiltrating Natural Killer Cell (NK-TILs) Count in Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of Breast Prognostically Significant?
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the CD56+NK-TIL countin infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) of breast. Material and Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) wasperformed using antibodies specific for CD56 on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 175infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC) of breast. Distribution of intratumoral and stromal CD56+NK-TILs wasassessed semi-quantitatively. Results: A low intratumoral CD56+count showed significant and inverse associationswith tumor grade, stage, and lymph node status, whereas it had significant and direct association with responseto treatment indicating good prognosis. These patients had better survival (χ2=4.80, p<0.05) and 0.52 foldlower death rate (HR=0.52, 95% CI=0.28-0.93) as compared to patients with high CD56+ intratumoral count.The association of survival was insignificant with low CD56 stromal count as compared to high CD56 stromalcount (χ2=1.60, p>0.05). Conclusion: To conclude, although NK-TIL count appeared as a significant predictorof prognosis, it alone may not be sufficient for predicting the outcome considering the fact that there exists acrosstalk between NK-TILs and the other immune infiltrating TILs.
CD-56
NK TILs
infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) breast
2014
08
01
3757
3761
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29151_b61aef7cd68c7710084e6c1da134eb53.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Analysis of Different Activation Statuses of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells from Young and Old Groups
Human mammary epithelial cells have different proliferative statuses and demonstrate a close relationshipwith age and cell proliferation. Research on this topic could help understand the occurrence, progression andprognosis of breast cancer. In this article, using significance analysis of a microarray algorithm, we analyzedgene expression profiles of human mammary epithelial cells of different proliferative statuses and different agegroups. The results showed there were significant differences in gene expression in the same proliferation statusbetween elderly and young groups. Three common differentially expressed genes were found to dynamicallychange with the proliferation status and to be closely related to tumorigenesis. We also found elderly group hadless status-related differential genes from actively proliferating status to intermediate status and more statusrelateddifferential genes from intermediate status than the young group. Finally, functional enrichment analysesallowed evaluation of the detailed roles of these differentially-expressed genes in tumor progression.
breast cancer
human mammary epithelial cells
aging
differential genes
2014
08
01
3763
3766
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29152_ca7d6d2ddb5bd3649fe54be3b9d988a2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
MiR-133b Acts as a Tumor Suppressor and Negatively Regulates TBPL1 in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Introduction: MicroRNAs have emerged as post-transcriptional regulators that are critically involved intumorigenesis. This study was designed to explore the effect of miRNA 133b on the proliferation and expressionof TBPL1 in colon cancer cells. Methods: Human colon cancer SW-620 cells and human colon adenocarcinomaHT-29 cells were cultured. MiRNA 133b mimcs, miRNA 133b inhibitors, siRNA for TBPL1 and scrambled controlwere synthesized and transfected into cells. MiR-133b levels in cells and CRC tumor tissue was measured byreal-time PCR. TBPL1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Cell proliferation was studied with MTT assay. Westernblotting was applied to detect TBPL1 protein levels. Luciferase assays were conducted using a pGL3-promotervector cloned with full length of 3’UTR of human TBPL1 or 3’UTR with mutant sequence of miR-133b targetsite in order to confirm if the putative binding site is responsible for the negative regulation of TBPL1 by miR-133b. Results: Real time PCR results showed that miRNA 133b was lower in CRC tissue than that in adjacenttissue. After miR-133b transfection, its level was elevated till 48h, accompanied by lower proliferation in bothSW-620 and HT-29 cells. According to that listed in http://www.targetscan.org, the 3’-UTR of TBPL1 mRNA(NM_004865) contains one putative binding site of miR-133b. This site was confirmed to be responsible for thenegative regulation by miR-133b with luciferase assay. Further, Western blotting and immunohistochemistryboth indicated a higher TBPL1 protein expression level in CRC tissue. Finally, a siRNA for TBPL1 transfectionobviously slowed down the cell proliferation in both SW-620 and HT-29 cells. Conclusion: MiR-133b might actas a tumor suppressor and negatively regulate TBPL1 in CRC.
microRNA 133b
colon cancer cells
TBP like 1
2014
08
01
3767
3772
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29153_dc5feed3ea710c752685a0e6224ea051.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
HPV Detection and Genotyping in Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Northern Thailand
Background: The study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection invulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in northern Thailand and the clinicopathological difference with regardto HPV infection status. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of vulvarSCC diagnosed between January 2006 and December 2012 were collected. HPV infection was detected by nestedpolymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers MY09/11 and GP5+/6+. HPV genotyping was performed usingthe Linear Array Genotyping Test, followed by type-specific PCR targeting the E6/E7 region of HPV16/18/52if the Linear Array test was negative. The histologic slides of vulvar lesions and the medical records werereviewed. Results: There were 47 cases of vulvar SCC included in the study (mean patient age 57.9±13.2 years).HPV infection was detected in 29 cases (62%), all of which had single HPV infections. HPV16 accounted for 23(49%). The patients with HPV-positive SCC had a significantly younger mean age than those with HPV-negativetumors (52.7 years vs 66.2 years, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in tumor stage distribution withregard to the status of HPV infection. The presence of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) of usual type(basaloid or warty) was significantly more frequent in HPV-positive cases compared with HPV-negative cases(62% vs 6%, p<0.001), whereas differentiated-type VIN was more common in HPV-negative cases (24% vs0%, p=0.019). Conclusions: HPV infection was detected in 62% of vulvar SCC in northern Thailand. HPV16was the predominant genotype similar to the data reported from other regions. HPV-positive SCC occurredin younger patients compared with HPV-negative SCC, and was associated with usual-type VIN. Vaccinationagainst HPV16/18 may potentially prevent almost one half of vulvar SCC in northern Thailand.
Vulva
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Genotyping
Prevalence
2014
08
01
3773
3778
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29154_04f530bcaa3fb4e3fc1b0122c2d15a49.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Significance of the Plasma Lipid Profile in Cases of Carcinoma of Cervix: A Tertiary Hospital Based Study
Aims: To study alterations of plasma lipid profiles in carcinoma cervix and to assess significance comparedwithcontrols in different histological grades and stages. Materials and Methods: Totals of 99 histopathologicallydiagnosed cases and 35 controls from a tertiary hospital situated in the southern part of India which caters therural and semi-urban populations were considered for the study. Fasting blood samples were taken to analyze totalcholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoproteinscholesterol (LDL-C), for comparison of cases, grouped according to histological grades and stages, and controls.One way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparisons and the Student’s t test (unpaired) for group wisecomparisons. For all tests a ‘p’ value of 0.05 or less was considered as significant. Results: Out of 99 cases, most(n-39) were seen in the 40-49 year age group followed by 60-69 years (n-22). Serum TG significantly differedbetween cases and controls but without any relation to differentiation grade. The lipid profile parameters invarious grades of cervical cancer were not statistically significant. Statistically significant increase of TC andLDL-C values was observed with increase in stage of the disease. Conclusions: The study showed TG is elevatedin cervical cancer, and that TC and LDL-C are proportional to the spread of cancer as it increases from stageI to stage IV. An in-depth study of molecular changes in lipid metabolism in cervical cancer patients, enzymes/genes responsible and alterations in LDL receptors is necessary to provide information to decide whether thelipid profile has any diagnostic/prognostic role in cervical cancer.
Carcinoma cervix
lipid profile
differentiation rade
stage
Karnataka
India
2014
08
01
3779
3784
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29155_64a4f828564e3691c40ae6301cc6ddc2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Retrograde Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of Bone Metastasis in 1,031 Cases of Preliminarily Diagnosed Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Purpose: To explore the clinical characteristics of bone metastasis (BM) in a large sample of preliminarilydiagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs). Methods: The sample consisted of 1,031 patients diagnosed withNPC at first visitg clinics between October 1989 and June 2012. Several parameters including metastasis locus,T/N staging, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of BM were analyzed retrospectively. Results: In 70 patients whohad been preliminarily diagnosed with BM, the incidence of BM in N0, N1, N2 and N3 stage was 5.7%, 17.2%,50.2%, and 25.7%, respectively, while the incidence in T0, T1, T2 and T3 stage was 0%, 23.8%, 47.6% and 28.6%respectively. BM occurred in most common in vertebral column, rib, sternum, ilium and femur. Positive rate ofEpstein-Barr virus antibody was 77.6%. The median survival time was 12 months. Conclusion: The incidenceof BM in NPC preliminarily diagnosed is about 7% and it is related to N classification but not T classification.
NPC
bone metastasis
clinical characteristics
2014
08
01
3785
3788
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29156_e2f5a7c9a3beb824743d4132052dbf42.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Interactions between Filamin A and MMP-9 Regulate Proliferation and Invasion in Renal Cell Carcinoma
This study aimed to analyze the expression, clinical significance of filamin A (FLNA) in renal cell carcinoma(RCC) and biological effects in a cell line by regulating FLNA expression. Immunohistochemistry and Westernblotting were used to analyze FLNA protein expression in 70 cases of RCC and normal tissues to study therelationship with clinical factors. FLNA lentiviral and empty vectors were transfected into RCC to study theinfluence of up-regulated expression of FLNA. FLNA siRNA was transiently transfected into ACHN kidneycarcinoma cells by a liposome-mediated method and protein was detected by Western blotting. The level ofexpression was found to be significantly lower in RCC than normal tissues (p<0.05). No correlation was notedwith gender, age, tumor size or pathological types (p>0.05), but links with lymph node metastasis, clinic stageand histological grade were noted (p<0.05). Loss of FLNA expression correlated significantly with poor overallsurvival time by Kaplan-Meier analysis (p<0.05). Results for biological function showed that ACHN cellstransfected with FLNA had a lower survival fraction, significant decrease in migration and invasion, higher cellapoptosis, higher percentage of the G0/G1 phases, and lower MMP-9 protein expression compared with ACHNcells untransfected with FLNA (p<0.05). However, renal 786-0 cells transfected with FLNA siRNA had a highersurvival fraction, significant increase in migration and invasion, and higher MMP-9 protein expression compared(p<0.05). In conclusion, FLNA expression was decreased in RCC and correlated significantly with lymph nodemetastasis, clinic stage, histological grade and poor overall survival, suggesting that FLNA may play importantroles as a a tumor suppressor in RCC by promoting degradation of MMP-9.
FLNA
renal cell carcinoma
MMP-9
immunohistochemical analysis
2014
08
01
3789
3795
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29157_77e84dbaeae12c555ab9f40fe6e2da8b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
BMI1 and TWIST1 Downregulated mRNA Expression in Basal Cell Carcinoma
Background: BMI1, TWIST1 and SNAI2/SLUG have been implicated in aggressive behavior of squamous cellcarcinoma (SCC) and melanoma and BMI1 expression could identify subtypes of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).However, BMI1, TWIST1 and SNAI2 expression levels in basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) have not been elucidated.We hypothesized BCC could be a good model system to decipher mechanisms which inhibit processes that drivetumor metastasis. The aim of this study was to examine the mRNA expression level of BMI1, TWIST1, and SNAI2in BCCs. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five fresh non-metastatic BCC tissue samples and seven fresh normalskin tissue samples were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Results: BMI1 and TWIST1 demonstrated markeddown-regulation (p<0.00l, p=0.00l respectively), but SNAI2 showed no significant change (p=0.12). Conclusions:Previous literature has clearly demonstrated a positive association between BMI1 and TWIST1 expression andmetastatic BCC, aggressive SCC and melanoma. Here, we demonstrated a negative association between BMI1and TWIST1 mRNA expression level and BCC.
BMI1
TWIST1
SNAI2/SLUG
Basal cell carcinoma
epithelial mesenchymal transition
Metastasis
2014
08
01
3797
3800
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29158_8db9c353360246ad9a367764d5b6a0d8.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Prognostic Value of Hematologic Parameters in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Using Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Background: The prognostic significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for progression free survivalin patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma is unclear. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed45 patients diagnosed with metastatic RCC previously treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors from two centers,Akdeniz University Hospital and Afyon Kocatepe University. The prognostic value of the pretreatment neutrophiltolymphocyteratio, and other clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed by univariate and multivariateanalysis. Results: Median progression free survival (PFS) was 13.9 months [95% CI for HR (6.88-20.91)] andoverall survival figure of 16.6 months [95% CI for HR (7.23-26.03)] Univariate analysis revealed that PFS wassignificantly affected by hemoglobin level [p=0.013 (95% CI for HR (0.71-0.96))], eosinophil count [p=0.031(95% CI for HR (0.20-0.92))], ratio of neutrophil lymphocytes (NLR) [p=0.007 (95% CI for HR (1.47-11.74))]and calcium level [p=0.006 (95% CI for HR (0.15-0.73))]. However, only NLR [p=0.031 (95% CI for HR (1.15-18.1))] and calcium levels [p=0.018 (95% CI for HR (0.20-18.1))] retained significance with multivariate analysis.Median PFS was 23.9 vs 8.6 months in patients with NLR ≤2 vs NLR >2 (Log rank; p= 0.040). Conclusions: Thisstudy showed that increased pretreatment NLR is an independent prognostic factor for patients with metastaticRCC using tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Metastatic RCC
tyrosine kinases inhibitor
neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
Prognosis
2014
08
01
3801
3804
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29159_73eaecd6b81dd9aef3fb6c1c616e14e1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
CYP3A4 Expression in Breast Cancer and its Association with Risk Factors in Mexican Women
Background: In Mexico, breast cancer (BCa) is the leading type of cancer in women. Cytochrome P450(CYP450) is a superfamily of major oxidative enzymes that metabolize carcinogens and many antineoplasticdrugs. In addition, these enzymes have influence on tumor development and tumor response to therapy. Inthis report, we analyzed the protein expression in patients with BCa and in healthy women. Links with someclinic-pathological characteristic were also assessed. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical analyseswere conducted on 48 sets of human breast tumors and normal breast tissues enrolled in Hospital Militar deEspecialidades de la Mujer y Neonatologia and Hospital Central Militar, respectively, during the time periodfrom 2010 to 2011. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Statistical analysis was performed usingχ2 or Fisher exact tests to estimate associations and the Mann Whitney U test for comparison of group means.Results: We found a significant CYP3A4 overexpression in BCa stroma and gland regions in comparison withhealthy tissue. A significant association between protein expression with smoking, alcoholism and hormonalcontraceptives use was also observed. Additionally, we observed estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor(PR) positive association in BCa. Conclusions: We suggest that CYP3A4 expression promotes BCa developmentand can be used in the prediction of tumor response to different treatments. One therapeutic approach may thusbe to block CYP3A4 function.
breast cancer
CYP3A4
Protein expression
gene environment interactions
Mexico
2014
08
01
3805
3809
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29160_8cb0a8838ef27a5658b243845c00157b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 Gene Variants and Colorectal Cancer: a Meta-Analysis
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the worldwide disease which causes enormous losses every year.Recent studies suggested that environmental and gene factors might be the etiologies in increasing the risk ofmorbidity. Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) gene polymorphisms are said to be associated with CRC risk butthe conclusion is still controversial. Materials and Methods: Pubmed and HuGENet databases up to December2013 were used in this meta-analysis. Three different certain genotypic models were applied, namely dominant(AA+AC versus CC), recessive (AA versus AC+CC), per-allele analysis (A vs C). In addition, information ontumor sites and pathologic stages was collected. The strength of associations was assessed through combiningodds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Finally, five and three studies about the rs1799983and rs2070744 were covered in the analysis with 2,745 cases and 2,478 controls. Three models were applied, butno significant association was found for NOS3 G894T/rs1799983 (dominant: OR=0.999, 95%CI=0.797-1.253,I2=63.8%; recessive: OR=0.924, 95%CI=0.589-1.450, I2=59.3%; allele analysis: OR=0.979, 95%CI=0.788-1.216,I2=74.9%) and T-786C/rs2070744 (dominant: OR=1.138, 95%CI=0.846-1.530, I2=67.9%; recessive: OR=0.956,95%CI=0.708-1.291, I2=0.0%; allele analysis: OR=1.110, 95%CI=0.865-1.425, I2=69.4%). The same resultswere also obtained for tumor sites and pathologic stage subgroups. After further analyzing the NOS3 gene,rs1799983 as the tag- and functional SNP was presented. Conclusions: On the basis of this meta-analysis andthe characteristics of the NOS3 gene, we suggested rs1799983 might be a key locus associated with CRC risk.Further prospective studies were needed to make more comprehensive explanation of the associations.
Nitric oxide synthase 3
Polymorphism
colorectal cancer
2014
08
01
3811
3815
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29161_c5ece7821be3adce43fa9f24a97f5b0b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
A Functional SNP in the MDM2 Promoter Mediates E2F1 Affinity to Modulate Cyclin D1 Expression in Tumor Cell Proliferation
Background: The MDM2 oncogene, a negative regulator of p53, has a functional polymorphism in thepromoter region (SNP309) that is associated with multiple kinds of cancers including non-melanoma skincancer. SNP309 has been shown to associate with accelerated tumor formation by increasing the affinity of thetranscriptional activator Sp1. It remains unknown whether there are other factors involved in the regulation ofMDM2 transcription through a trans-regulatory mechanism. Methods: In this study, SNP309 was verified to beassociated with overexpression of MDM2 in tumor cells. Bioinformatics predicts that the T to G substitution atSNP309 generates a stronger E2F1 binding site, which was confirmed by ChIP and luciferase assays. Results: E2F1knockdown downregulates the expression of MDM2, which confirms that E2F1 is a functional upstream regulator.Furthermore, tumor cells with the GG genotype exhibited a higher proliferation rate than TT, correlating withcyclin D1 expression. E2F1 depletion significantly inhibits the proliferation capacity and downregulates cyclin D1expression, especially in GG genotype skin fibroblasts. Notably, E2F1 siRNA effects could be rescued by cyclinD1 overexpression. Conclusion: Taken together, a novel modulator E2F1 was identified as regulating MDM2expression dependent on SNP309 and further mediates cyclin D1 expression and tumor cell proliferation. E2F1might act as an important factor for SNP309 serving as a rate-limiting event in carcinogenesis.
MDM2
Cyclin D1
E2F1
carcinogenesis
2014
08
01
3817
3823
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29162_9cea0152ee38e321c32a104aae9763bd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
8
Impact of Enhanced Recovery Program on Colorectal Cancer Surgery
Surgical outcomes of colorectal cancer treatment depend not only on good surgery and tumor biology but alsoon an optimal perioperative care. The enhanced recovery program (ERP) – a multidisciplinary and multimodalapproach, or so called ‘fast-track surgery’ – has been designed to minimize perioperative and intraoperativestress responses, and to support the recovery of organ function aiming to help patients getting better sooner aftersurgery. Compared with conventional postoperative care, the enhanced recovery program results in quickerpatient recovery, shorter length of hospital stay, faster recovery of gastrointestinal function, and a lower incidenceof postoperative complications. Although not firmly established as yet, the enhanced recovery program aftersurgery could be of oncological benefit in colorectal cancer patients because it can enhance recovery, maintainintegrity of the postoperative immune system, increase feasibility of postoperative chemotherapy, and shorten thetime interval from surgery to chemotherapy. This commentary summarizes short-term outcomes and potentiallong-term benefits of enhanced recovery programs in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Enhanced recovery program
enhanced recovery after surgery
Colon cancer
rectal cancer
survival
2014
08
01
3825
3828
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29163_51e560fe83cfdcd3b55f5f9f38844823.pdf